Дисертації: "Fuel Management System"

1

Wang, Xiaoyang. "Aircraft fuel system prognostics and health management." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7214.

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This thesis contains the specific description of Group Design Project (GDP) and Individual Research Project (IRP) that are undertaken by the author and form part of the degree of Master of Science. The target of GDP is to develop a novel and unique commercial flying wing aircraft titled FW-11. FW-11 is a three-year collaborative civil aircraft project between Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) and Cranfield University. According to the market analysis result conducted by the author, 250 seats capacity and 7500 nautical miles were chosen as the design targets. The IRP is the further study of GDP, which is to enhance the competitive capability by deploying prognostics and health management (PHM) technology to the fuel system of FW-11. As a novel and brand-new technology, PHM enables the real-time transformation of system status data into alert and maintenance information during all ground or flight operating phases to improve the aircraft reliability and operating costs. Aircraft fuel system has a great impact on flight safety. Therefore, the development of fuel system PHM concept is necessary. This thesis began with an investigation of PHM, then a safety and reliability analysis of fuel system was conducted by using FHA, FMEA and FTA. According to these analyses, fuel temperature diagnosis and prognosis were chosen as a case study to improve the reliability and safety of FW-11. The PHM architecture of fuel temperature had been established. A fuel temperature prediction model was also introduced in this thesis.

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2

Bradley, Thomas Heenan. "Modeling, design and energy management of fuel cell systems for aircraft." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26592.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Parekh, David; Committee Member: Fuller, Thomas; Committee Member: Joshi, Yogendra; Committee Member: Mavris, Dimitri; Committee Member: Wepfer, William. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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3

Thomas, Alex S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "An analysis of distributed solar fuel systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76511.

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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-89).
While solar fuel systems offer tremendous potential to address global clean energy needs, most existing analyses have focused on the feasibility of large centralized systems and applications. Not much research exists on the feasibility of distributed solar fuel systems. This thesis is an attempt to understand the larger context of solar fuel systems, to examine the case for going distributed and to critically analyze a distributed solar fuel system available today in the context of a specific application. In doing so, this thesis seeks to a) provide a baseline analysis for the economic feasibility of a distributed solar fuel system based on state-of-the-art technology b) draw some general conclusions about the nature of such systems in order to provide guidance to those engaged in the development of the next generation of solar fuel systems. This study also compares the chosen baseline solar fuel system with a traditional fossil fuel-based alternative and undertakes a cost-to-emissions trade-off analysis. A key finding of this thesis is that for solar fuel systems to be viable, cost and efficiency improvements in individual sub-systems won't be sufficient. Due attention needs to be given to bring down cost of the entire system. Another key finding is that if carbon emissions are considered as a decision-making criterion in addition to cost, even at current cost levels photovoltaic hydrogen systems compare favorably with existing fossil fuel-based alternatives such as diesel generators.
by Alex Thomas.
S.M.in Engineering and Management

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4

Kroll, Douglas M. (Douglas Michael). "Using polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells in a hybrid surface ship propulsion plant to increase fuel efficiency." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61909.

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Thesis (Nav. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59).
An increasingly mobile US Navy surface fleet and oil price uncertainty contrast with the Navy's desire to lower the amount of money spent purchasing fuel. Operational restrictions limiting fuel use are temporary and cannot be dependably relied upon. Long term technical research toward improving fuel efficiency is ongoing and includes advanced gas turbines and integrated electric propulsion plants, but these will not be implemented fleet wide in the near future. The focus of this research is to determine if a hybrid fuel cell and gas turbine propulsion plant outweigh the potential ship design disadvantages of physically implementing the system. Based on the potential fuel savings available, the impact on surface ship architecture will be determined by modeling the hybrid fuel cell powered ship and conducting a side by side comparison to one traditionally powered. Another concern that this solution addresses is the trend in the commercial shipping industry of designing more cleanly running propulsion plants.
Douglas M. Kroll.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
Nav.E.

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5

Fallon, John E. "Naval Fuel Management System (NFMS) a decision support system for a limited resource." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5166.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Includes supplemental material, embedded in this pdf. See page 46 of document to read instructions for accessing supplemental material.
The fuel planning for U.S. Naval operations at sea is reactive and relies upon pen and paper calculations. Decisions on where and when to refuel are complex and need a Decision Support System (DSS) to help planners maximize the benefits of the limited fuel resource. This thesis defines requirements and outlines a feasible design to develop a Naval Fuel Management System (NFMS). The variables that fuel planning rely upon are not just ship course and speed, but also the weather at the time a ship travels through a particular area. The most efficient plant configuration plays a factor in the fuel plan as well. Additionally, there are numerous ports and oilers available at any given time. Up-to-date accurate weather forecast databases are available, predicting currents and winds, which will affect the ship in the future. Fuel burn charts have been developed for each ship class outlining the most efficient plant configuration for given speeds. Transportation analysis has shown that an optimal path exists for this class of complex problems. By combining these technologies into one system, an application can be developed to accurately plan fueling operations in the future, making Navy refueling more efficient.
US Navy (USN) author

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6

Bahrami, Milad. "Contribution to the development of a fuel cell management system." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0025.

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L'intermittence des ressources constitue le principal défi de l'utilisation de la production d'électricité à partir d'énergies renouvelables. Par conséquent, de nouveaux moyens de stockage de l'électricité sont inévitables. L'hydrogène, en tant que vecteur énergétique, peut résoudre ce problème. L'hydrogène peut être produit en utilisant l'énergie excédentaire des sources d'énergie renouvelables. C'est pourquoi une pile à combustible à membrane électrolytique polymère (PEMFC), en tant que dispositif capable de convertir directement l'énergie de l'hydrogène en électricité, est un élément important de cette solution. Le coût et la durabilité sont les principaux défis à relever pour permettre la diffusion de cette technologie sur le marché de masse. Dans le cadre d'un micro-réseau multi-vecteurs, un système de gestion des piles à combustible (FCMS) est proposé et conçu dans cette thèse. Il permet d'optimiser la fiabilité et la durée de vie des PEMFC en contrôlant l'état de fonctionnement des cellules pour éviter les instabilités électrochimiques. Une méthode de diagnostic ainsi qu'une nouvelle architecture d'électronique de puissance hybride sont le cœur de ce FCMS. La méthode de diagnostic peut détecter la plupart des instabilités du FCMS grâce à un nouveau modèle en temps réel. Ce modèle peut simuler une cellule dans son environnement de pile. Une architecture d'électronique de puissance hybride est développée pour ce FCMS qui garantit un meilleur vieillissement du système en contrôlant séparément la puissance fournie par les cellules. L'architecture d'électronique de puissance proposée est hybridée par un supercondensateur (SC) qui peut compenser la faible dynamique des PEMFC en fournissant les profils de charge dynamiques rapides. Une méthode de contrôle en logique floue (FLC) est développée dans le cadre du FCMS pour modifier la puissance de référence des groupes de cellules sur la base des données du modèle. Le système proposé et ses différentes parties sont validés par les résultats de la simulation et de l'expérimentation
The essential challenge in using renewable energy-based electricity generation is the intermittency of resources. Therefore, new ways to store electricity is inevitable. Hydrogen as an energy carrier can deal with this issue. Hydrogen can be produced by using the excess energy of renewable energy sources. Therefore, a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) as a device that can directly convert hydrogen energy to electricity is an important part of this solution. The cost and durability are the major challenges to enable the diffusion of this technology in the mass market. In the frame of a multi-vectors microgrid, a Fuel Cell Management System (FCMS) is proposed and designed in this thesis that allows optimizing the reliability and life of PEMFCs through controlling the operating condition of cells to avoid electrochemical instabilities. A proposed diagnostic method along with a new hybrid power electronics architecture is the core of this FCMS. The diagnostic method can detect most of the FCMS instabilities by a new comprehensive real-time model. This model can simulate a cell in its stack environment. A hybrid power electronics architecture is developed for this FCMS that guarantees better aging of the system by separately manipulating the supplied power of cells. The proposed power electronics architecture is hybridized by a Supercapacitor (SC) that can compensate for the low dynamic of PEMFCs in supplying the fast dynamic load profiles. A Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) method is developed as a part of the FCMS to change the reference power of the cell groups based on the model data. The proposed system and its different parts are validated through the simulation and experimental results

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7

Neerkaje, Abhijith. "Strategies for the introduction of alternative fuel vehicles in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90697.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 42-46).
Rapid growth in population and increase in disposable income has led to a robust increase in automotive sales in India. As in many parts of the world, the internal combustion engines are the dominant vehicle power train in India. This has led to increase in tailpipe emissions in congested cities as well as increased consumption of crude oil. India needs to devise effective strategies to introduce fuel efficient nonpolluting Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFV) to reduce GHG emissions and reduce oil consumption. In 2013, the Government of India unveiled a National Electric Mobility Mission Plan to promote AFV sales in India in a coordinated manner. Many similar, well-intentioned programs have been tried in the past. However, the creation of sustainable AFV markets has remained a challenge. This work presents the development of a multiplatform system dynamics model that helps one explore the dynamics of adoption of AFVs in Indian context. Using the model we explore three unique policy scenarios where the adoption of AFVs is studied. We show that the successful AFV adoption is dependent not just on providing demand side incentives, but also on promoting the creation of the refueling infrastructure. Results also show that Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle has the potential to be the dominant alternative fuel vehicle platform in India provided effective policies are in place.
by Abhijith Neerkaje.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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8

Tipton, Austin L. "Simulation, Experimentation, Control and Management of a Novel Fuel Thermal System." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1578320719632833.

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9

Tiwari, Shishir. "Improving understanding of alternative fuel vehicle market dynamics using interactive simulations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107358.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-70).
Interactive management flight simulators are becoming increasingly common as a tool for teaching key concepts in management and related fields. Advocates of flight simulators suggest that the active engagement of students with experimentation and game play may even lead to enhanced systems thinking capabilities. Through this thesis, I undertake an experiment to test this proposition, recruiting respondents from Amazon's Mechanical Turk online workforce. Using a three-group pretest-post-test design, I randomly assign respondents to complete one of the following: a) Read a report describing the results of the simulator, including actual screenshots from the simulator, to convey the same information about the AFV market in a conventional style (the control group). b) Undertake tasks using an interactive management flight simulator about the diffusion of alternative fuel vehicles given instructions but no results (treatment one) and c) Undertake the same tasks using an interactive management flight simulator about the diffusion of alternative fuel vehicles, with the aid of the report that also explains the results expected (treatment two). The simulator was built on several key concepts of system dynamics applied to alternative fuel vehicle market: the concept of consumer acceptance, platform utility, stocks and flows and the effects of time delays in a system's behavior. The results of this experiment demonstrate that the groups which used simulator (treatment 1 and 2) developed at least similar and in some cases, better understanding of the AFV market dynamics. I conclude that simulators can be an effective way to teach complex system dynamics principles and socio-technical interactions.
by Shishir Tiwari.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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10

Allen, Christopher T. "Global Optimization of an Aircraft Thermal Management System through Use of a Genetic Algorithm." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1220969610.

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11

Camacho, Gonzalez Daniel. "Techno-economic analysis of jet fuel production from waste vegetable oil in Mexico." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107372.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-55).
This thesis quantifies the economic feasibility of building and operating a biorefinery that converts waste vegetable oils into transportation fuels in Mexico. The hydroprocessing technology selected produces predominately diesel and jet fuel that can be used and blended with the existing fossil fuel infrastructure. The analysis shows that a 4,000 BPD plant located in Mexico can reach a positive NPV of approximately $80 million over a 20-year operating period at an internal rate of return of 15% percent. The minimum selling price for reaching this internal rate of return is $2.21 per gallon for diesel and $2.36 per gallon for jet fuel. If sufficient and reliable feedstock supply exist for a scale-up of the biorefinery to 6500 bpd, NPV increases to approximately $180 million. Sensitivity analyses shows that the NPV for the 4000 bpd facility reaches zero at an internal rate of return of 24%, and that the maximum buying price of the waste vegetable oil at the baseline internal rate of return of 15% percent the plant can afford to procure is $0.73 per gallon, which is 36% higher than the average price for the feedstock in 2013. Finally, the thesis quantifies the commercial opportunity of exporting the produced transportation fuels to the United States where they might qualify for monetary incentives. After accounting for transportation costs the NPV of fuel production in the biorefmery increases to $294 million, 368% higher than if transportation fuels are sold in Mexico.
by Daniel Camacho Gonzalez.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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12

Swanepoel, S. "Development of an integrated fuel management system with the aid of CPLDs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51688.

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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The need for a locally manufactured, cost-effective, fuel management system led to the design and development of a functional prototype. This thesis presents the design, development and full implementation of two functional prototypes. While field tests performed on the first prototype assisted in identifying necessary modifications, a need for greater complexity in support hardware was also identified. In order to comply with the cost-effective nature of the project, it was realized that this complexity could only be achieved via the implementation of a CPLD based system. Using Altera's Maxplus II design software, the CPLD code was synthesized according to the required specifications then simulated and analyzed On completion of the new CPLD based system, the second prototype, one of Altera's megacore functions is implemented and used as a substitute to an external hardware. All necessary modifications were successfully completed and the system was installed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die benodiging van 'n lokale vervaardigde, koste effektiewe brandstofbeheerstelsel het gelei tot die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van 'n funksionele prototipe. Hierdie tesis dek die ontwerp, ontwikkeling en volle implementasie van twee funksionele prototipes. Terwyl toetse op die eerste prototipe gebruik is om die nodige aanpassings te identifiseer, is daar ook besef dat daar meer komplekse hardeware onderstuening benodig word. Om die koste effektiewe aard van die projek te handhaaf, is daar gesien dat die nodige kompleksieteit alleenlik deur middel van die implementering van 'n 'CPLD' gebaseerde sisteem bereik kan word. Deur gebruik te maak van Altera se Maxplus II ontwerp sagteware, is die 'CPLD' kode met die nodige spesifiekasies gesintiseer, gesimuleer en geanaliseer. Na voltooing van die tweede prototiepe, die 'CPLD' gebaseerde sisteem, is een van Altera se megacore funksies geimplementeer en gebruik as 'n plaasvervanger vir eksteme hardware. AIle nodige aanpassings is suksesvol voltooi en die sisteem is geinstalleer.

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13

Mak, Yet Feng. "Conditions for natural gas to become an effective bridge fuel to a low-carbon future." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107607.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, February 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 78-84).
Natural gas has commonly been described as a 'bridge fuel' that could transition U.S. from fossil fuels to a low-carbon energy system by 2050 in order to reach the internationally agreed target of limiting the global mean surface temperature to about 2 degrees Celsius (°C) above pre-industrial levels. This natural gas resource has grown tremendously over the last decade, as its production has been fueled by the use of more advanced hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technologies. Being a cleaner form of fossil fuel, burning natural gas emits about half as much carbon dioxide as coal and is thought to aid in decarbonizing the nation by displacing coal as a fuel for power generation. However, the increased supply of cheap natural gas could also have an effect of delaying the advancement of renewable resources such as solar and wind. Nonetheless, optimal conditions could be explored on how natural gas can become an effective 'bridge fuel' towards a low carbon energy system. This thesis developed a system dynamics model to analyze these required conditions and found that high natural prices that rise to $26.45/mmBTU in 2050 are necessary to hit the 2°C target. An efficient policy that could drive these high natural gas prices is the carbon tax. Furthermore, another important role that natural gas serves is as a backup power source for intermittent renewable energy resources.
by Yet Feng Mak.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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14

Busse, Martin (Martin Augusto) 1971. "Optimization of thorium-based seed-blanket fuel cycles for nuclear power plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88336.

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15

Luskin, Paul (Paul L. ). "A systems engineering methodology for fuel efficiency and its application to a tactical wheeled vehicle demonstrator." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59257.

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Thesis (S.M. in System Design and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-112).
The U.S. Department of Defense faces growing fuel demand, resulting in increasing costs and compromised operational capability. In response to this issue, the Fuel Efficient Ground Vehicle Demonstrator (FED) program was initiated in order to demonstrate a tactical vehicle with significantly greater fuel efficiency than a Humvee while maintaining capability. An additional focus of the program was the exposure of systems engineering practices and methodologies to government engineers. This document provides an overview of a systems engineering methodology for maximizing fuel efficiency and its application in concept development for the FED program. The methodology is organized into a phased process, comprising definition of operational requirements, modeling of design alternatives, analysis of design space, development of product concepts, and prototype verification. Tools and methods used included requirements tradespace definition, provisional baseline product models, decomposition of energy expenditure over the product usage cycle, structured technology market surveys inclusive of lead users, surrogate model-based simulation tools, and design space exploration / Pareto optimization. Object-Process Methodology (OPM) is used within the document to illustrate process elements and their relationships. A key element of the methodology is the intensive use of modeling and simulation to enable data driven decision making. In particular, neural network-based surrogate models of engineering code allow the evaluation of thousands of feasible design configurations. It is intended that this rigorous framework is applicable to the improvement of any attribute of any product system.
by Paul Luskin.
S.M.in System Design and Management

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16

Cahill, Eric C. (Eric Christopher) 1971. "Strategies for the introduction of advanced fuel/vehicle systems to the mass market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29177.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 184-187).
The case for proactive market interventions to stimulate accelerated development and adoption of cleaner advanced fuel/vehicle systems continues to gain momentum globally. World population growth, rising national wealth, persistence of auto-centric land development patterns, and the growing popularity of truck-based platforms have reversed the trend toward lighter vehicles, higher fuel efficiencies, and cleaner emissions that began in the 1970's. Since 1984, fuel efficiency has stagnated and even declined as oil prices moved to historically low levels. Lack of consumer demand for fuel economy served to shift investment toward other measures of value such as performance and utility. The convergence of car and truck markets has further impeded progress on the fuel economy front. Industry continues to come under intensifying pressure from international and domestic concerns regarding adverse vehicle emissions impacts on public health, environmental degradation, global climate change, and national security vulnerabilities stemming from dependence on foreign oil. In response, the world's major auto conglomerates have embarked on a variety of strategies to deliver cleaner vehicles to market. Strategies span in-house and strategic partnering efforts across a range of both available and developing technologies in fuels, batteries, fuel cells, electric hybrids, and improvements to current internal combustion engine (ICE) designs. This thesis intends to examine a set of representative technological solution pathways that address two key questions for decision-makers: (1) whether market adoption of advanced fuel/vehicle systems can occur under plausible conditions, and (2) what industry strategies and public interventions can best leverage innovation to achieve the accelerated adoption of technologies beneficial to sustainability goals? To answer these questions, the work employs a system dynamics-based model in order to simulate the complex dynamics surrounding this issue. The model provides a useful framework for comprehending the relative directional impacts of varying industry strategies, public interventions, and external market and cultural forces that affect potential outcomes. The work suggests that plausible adoption scenarios are realizable within a thirty-year time horizon, but that forces deleterious to the innovative capacity of established domestic firms may significantly impede progress. I outline these forces, explain their origins, and recommend industry strategies and public interventions that appropriately address these obstacles.
by Eric C. Cahill.
S.M.

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17

McLandrich, Andrew M. "Sensorless Control of a Bidirectional Boost Converter for a Fuel Cell Energy Management System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34553.

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Fuel cells have the potential to provide clean power for a variety of uses including stand-alone residential power. But to increase the acceptance of fuel cells for off-grid generation, the cost of the energy management system must be greatly reduced. Of the many ways to accomplish this, this paper looks at reducing cost through topology changes and elimination of current sensors. A dual 2.5kW non-isolated bidirectional boost converter is designed and analyzed. The various bidirectional boost topologies are compared on cost and ability to meet the specifications. A sensorless average current mode is designed, implemented and verified through testing in a low-cost fixed-point DSP. Both boost and buck modes are accurately modeled and voltage and current controllers are designed for good closed-loop response. The accuracy of the sensorless average current measurement is investigated in both modes of operation. A classical dual-loop controller is implemented in boost mode with the sensorless average current and in buck mode, a dual controller operating in either current or voltage mode is implemented. The design is verified through testing in boost and buck mode and it is shown that the results are acceptable.
Master of Science

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18

Huston, Todd W. (Todd Wendell). "Production system design and cycle time reduction in a fuel cell manufacturing operation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10910.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1996, and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-105).
by Todd W. Huston.
M.S.

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19

Barber, Philip Alexander. "Modelling and analysis of a fuel control system for a moder automotive petrol engine." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364132.

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20

PIANO, ANDREA. "Analysis of Advanced Air and Fuel Management Systems for Future Automotive Diesel Engine Generations." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2709586.

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The increasing stringency of pollutant emissions regulations, aiming to fuel neutral NOx limits, is expected to foster the implementation of new technologies in terms of aftertreatment, air management and fuel injection systems. In this field, modern diesel engines are equipped with electronically-controlled flexible fuel injection systems and air/gas/EGR control valves. The only part in the air system ‘left for revolutionary’ is the valvetrain and a fully flexible Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) is becoming nowadays highly desirable for modern diesel engine. In this context, the purpose of the research activity was, on one hand, to evaluate and identify, through numerical simulation, the best VVA strategies to be implemented in a passenger car diesel engine by quantifying and choosing benefits vs drawbacks of VVA strategies. On the other hand, the definition of the best injection pattern for BSFC, Emission and NVH improvements through the adoption of Genetic Algorithm was performed. The EURO VI medium diesel engine (1.6 l 4L) developed by General Motors Global Propulsion Systems was selected as case study.

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21

Banvait, Harpreetsingh. "OPTIMAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE." ProQuest, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2095.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) are new generation Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) with larger battery capacity compared to Hybrid Electric Vehicles. They can store electrical energy from a domestic power supply and can drive the vehicle alone in Electric Vehicle (EV) mode. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation 80 % of the American driving public on average drives under 50 miles per day. A PHEV vehicle that can drive up to 50 miles by making maximum use of cheaper electrical energy from a domestic supply can significantly reduce the conventional fuel consumption. This may also help in improving the environment as PHEVs emit less harmful gases. However, the Energy Management System (EMS) of PHEVs would have to be very different from existing EMSs of HEVs. In this thesis, three different Energy Management Systems have been designed specifically for PHEVs using simulated study. For most of the EMS development mathematical vehicle models for powersplit drivetrain configuration are built and later on the results are tested on advanced vehicle modeling tools like ADVISOR or PSAT. The main objective of the study is to design EMSs to reduce fuel consumption by the vehicle. These EMSs are compared with existing EMSs which show overall improvement. x In this thesis the final EMS is designed in three intermediate steps. First, a simple rule based EMS was designed to improve the fuel economy for parametric study. Second, an optimized EMS was designed with the main objective to improve fuel economy of the vehicle. Here Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to obtain the optimum parameter values. This EMS has provided optimum parameters which result in optimum blended mode operation of the vehicle. Finally, to obtain optimum charge depletion and charge sustaining mode operation of the vehicle an advanced PSO EMS is designed which provides optimal results for the vehicle to operate in charge depletion and charge sustaining modes. Furthermore, to implement the developed advanced PSO EMS in real-time a possible real time implementation technique is designed using neural networks. This neural network implementation provides sub-optimal results as compared to advanced PSO EMS results but it can be implemented in real time in a vehicle. These EMSs can be used to obtain optimal results for the vehicle driving conditions such that fuel economy is improved. Moreover, the optimal designed EMS can also be implemented in real-time using the neural network procedure described.

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22

McGee, Seán. "Thermal energy management and chemical reaction investigation of micro-proton exchange membrane fuel cell and fuel cell system using finite element modelling." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173001.

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Fuel cell systems are becoming more commonplace as a power generation method and are being researched, developed, and explored for commercial use, including portable fuel cells that appear in laptops, phones, and of course, chargers. This thesis examines a model constructed on inspiration from the myFC PowerTrekk, a portable fuel cell charger, using COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element analysis software. As an educational tool and in the form of zero-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional models, an investigation was completed into the geometric construction, air conditions and compositions, and product materials with a best case scenario completed that summarizes the results identified. On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that polyoximetylen and high-density polyethylene were considered as possible materials for the majority of the product, though a more thorough investigation is needed. Air flow of above 10 m/s, air water vapour mass fraction below 50% and initial temperature between 308K and 298K was considered in this best scenario. Suggestions on future expansions to this project are also given in the conclusion.

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23

Jayaraman, Sundar. "Business & technology strategies to promote the development and commercialization of alternative energy technologies like fuel cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43119.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, February 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-82).
Globalization has led to the development of emerging markets and economies. With economic expansion around the globe, there is a greater energy demand to sustain this growth. Increasing energy demand has resulted in increase in energy prices and increase in emission levels. While conventional energy technologies have advantage in terms of established infrastructure and lower cost, they are inefficient and rely heavily on fossil fuels. Conventional energy technologies alone cannot sustain and cater to the evolving energy market's needs of higher efficiency, lower emissions and resources conservation. Renewable energy solutions and alternative energy technologies like distributed generation need to be developed to meet this energy demand, conserve the definite resources and reduce emissions. But at the moment, alternative energy technologies due to lack of infrastructure, development cost and regulations are limited in their applications. Therefore in the near term, we recommend that they strategically position themselves in the market with niche and right fit opportunities. We also recommend that they need to utilize the development dollars effectively in integrating technology development with their product development activities and develop durable cost effective products. They also need to develop key partnerships and integrate value across their development and fulfillment chains. Strategic positioning, value chain integration and key execution in development with mature processes will aid alternative energy technologies to overcome the existing market barriers and move towards rapid commercialization.
by Sundar Jayaraman.
S.M.

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24

黃毓琛 and Yuk-sum Wong. "System design and energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicles." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3955885X.

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25

Anandhan, Muthu Mailvaganan. "Study of extended stroke gasoline engines : a thermodynamic system modelling and analysis of improvement in fuel consumption." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114085.

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Анотація:

Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2017.
Page 102 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 92).
This thesis studies the benefit and challenges of using an extended stroke engine on the automotive application. For the purpose of the study, a one-dimensional thermodynamic model was built using the GT- Power software. GM LNF 2.0 liter engine was used as the candidate of study, the base model was originally developed in Sloan auto lab, and this model was used and modified for the purpose of the extended stroke operation. The study was conducted to understand the improvement in indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC) and the net indicated efficiency of the system at various speed and load points of operations. The crank train dimensions built by Dr. Matthias Brendel, as part of his Phd dissertation, was used for the purpose of this study. The study indicates that extended stroke operation offers an ISFC reduction of about 8% at the higher loads of operation such as 20 bar of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). The reduction in ISFC comes down at the lower loads, and at lower IMEPs extended stroke operation shows negative ISFC reduction. This is due to over expansion loss incurred by the extended stroke operation. This study has also revealed that extended stroke engine has much higher knock resistivity due to higher volume presence at any given crank angle this allows the extended stroke engine to require less spark retard; hence, this type of engine can afford to operate at lower compression ratios and still achieve the better thermal efficiency. The extended stroke engine's behavior at lower loads indicate that there loss of efficiency up to 2% due to negative loop in the PV diagram and it also indicates that there is an increase in pumping loss in general at loads. Valve timing studies conducted to recover this loss show no significant improvement without a total change in the valve-timing phase. The effect of exhaust gas recirculation was also conducted and the extended stroke engine nearly the same way as that of base engine, however the increase in pumping loss from the extended stroke operation doesn't allow the higher stroke ratio operations to have significant increase in indicated efficiency due to EGR. The pumping loss does come down but at lesser magnitude. This indicates that the EGR could be used to mitigate the increase in pumping loss of extended stroke operation. The study with turbo-limited performance of the extended stroke engine indicates that the extended stroke engine will develop less power at any given speed due to limiting of the airflow. This is essentially one of the limitations of the extended stroke operation. Finally, the thesis concludes by pointing out the potentials and challenges of the extended stroke operation engine.
by Muthu Mailvaganan Anandhan.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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26

Wilson, Earle Anthony. "Investigation of renewable, coupled solar-hydrogen fuel generation with thermal management systems suitable for equatorial regions." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4508.

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Solar Energy and Hydrogen (energy carrier) are possible replacement options for fossil fuel and its associated problems of availability and high prices which are devastating small, developing, oil-importing economies. But a major drawback to the full implementation of solar energy, in particular photovoltaic (PV), is the lowering of conversion efficiency of PV cells due to elevated cell temperatures while in operation. Also, hydrogen as an energy carrier must be produced in gaseous or liquid form before it can be used as fuel; but its‟ present major conversion process produces an abundance of carbon dioxide which is harming the environment through global warming. In search of resolutions to these issues, this research investigated the application of Thermal Management to Photovoltaic (PV) modules in an attempt to reverse the effects of elevated cell temperature. The investigation also examined the effects of coupling the thermally managed PV modules to a proton exchange membrane (PEM) Hydrogen Generator for the production of hydrogen gas in an environmentally friendly and renewable way. The research took place in Kingston, Jamaica. The thermal management involved the application of two cooling systems which are Gravity-Fed Cooling (GFC) and Solar-Powered Adsorption Cooling (SPAC) systems. In both systems Mathematical Models were developed as predictive tools for critical aspects of the systems. The models were validated by the results of experiments. The results of the investigation showed that both cooling systems stopped the cells temperatures from rising, reversed the negative effects on conversion efficiency, and increased the power output of the module by as much as 39%. The results also showed that the thermally managed PV module when coupled to the hydrogen generator impacted positively with an appreciably increase of up to 32% in hydrogen gas production. The results of this work can be applied to the equatorial belt but also to other regions with suitable solar irradiation. The research has contributed to the wider community by the development of practical, environmentally friendly, cost effective Thermal Management Systems that guarantee improvement in photovoltaic power output, by introducing a novel way to use renewable energy that has potential to be used by individual household and/or as cottage industry, and by the development of Mathematical Tools to aid in photovoltaic power systems designs.

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27

Yue, Meiling. "Contribution of developing a prognostics-based energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid system - application to a fuel cell/battery hybrid electric vehicle." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD029.

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Le système de propulsion hybride à pile à combustible (PàC) gagne du terrain sur le marché automobile actuel et offre une solution durable au changement climatique mondial dans le secteur des transports. Cependant, la durabilité et la fiabilité des sources d’énergie utilisées dans le système hybride sont les obstacles inévitables à sa commercialisation massive. Pour optimiser et maximiser la durée de vie du système hybride, une approche de pronostic et gestion de la santé (PHM) est mise en œuvre pour gérer et atténuer le comportement de dégradation des sources d'énergie et appliquée à un véhicule électrique hybride à pile à combustible.Dans ce contexte, deux contributions principales sont apportées. La première consiste à déployer une méthode de pronostic pouvant être utilisée dans le système hybride. Le filtrage de particules, en tant que méthode d'estimation d'état communément utilisée, est adapté aux fins de pronostic dans cette thèse. Il est utilisé pour traiter les données de dégradation imprécises et incertaines et pour estimer la durée de vie utile restante. La méthode est validée par les ensembles de données historiques de PàC et de batterie et les résultats sont évalués par les métriques de pronostic conçues.Ensuite, une deuxième étape sur l’aspect gestion de la santé du PHM est proposée. Comme la répartition de la puissance demandée dans un système hybride est gérée par une stratégie de gestion de l'énergie (EMS), l’orientation de cette étape est de développer une EMS conscient de sa santé dans le contexte du PHM. Une grande quantité de recherches sur les pronostics avec des données expérimentales finies ont été trouvées dans la littérature, alors que la manière d'utiliser les résultats de pronostics pour réaliser des actions de contrôle correctives est rarement discutée. Afin de pallier cette lacune dans les applications de système hybride, un processus de prise de décision basé sur le pronostic est conçu. Les performances sont évaluées en quantifiant la dégradation et la durée de vie du système dans un environnement simulé et une discussion sur l'occurrence des pronostics est lancée pour des investigations ultérieures sur la maintenance
Fuel cell hybrid propulsion system is gaining momentum in today's automotive market and offers a sustainable solution for the world climate change in the transport sector. However, the durability and reliability of the power sources used in the hybrid system are the inevitable obstacles for its massive commercialization. To optimize and maximize the lifespan of the hybrid system, a prognostics and health management (PHM) approach is deployed to manage and mitigate the power source degradation behaviour and applied to a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle.In this context, two main contributions are made. The first stage is to deploy a prognostics method that can be used in the hybrid system. Particle filtering, as a commonly used state estimation method, is adapted for prognostics purpose in this thesis. It is used to handle the imprecise and uncertain degradation data and estimate the remaining useful life. The method is validated by historical fuel cell and battery datasets and the results are evaluated by the designed prognostics metrics.Subsequently, a second stage on the health management aspect of PHM is proposed. As the split of demanded power in a hybrid system is managed by an energy management strategy (EMS), the orientation of this stage is to develop a health-conscious EMS in the context of PHM. A great quantity of researches on prognostics with finished experimental data have been found in the literature, while how to use the prognostics results to make corrective control actions is rarely discussed. To help against this vacancy in hybrid system applications, a prognostics-enabled decision-making process is designed. The performance is evaluated by quantifying the degradation and the lifetime of the system in a simulated environment and a discussion on prognostics occurrence is launched for further investigations on maintenance

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28

Schmidt, Marc Anthony 1970. "Application of lean principles to an enterprise value stream : a lean analysis of an automotive fuel system development process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88317.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-101).
This thesis shows that lean principles that have been successfully applied in manufacturing can also be successfully applied across an entire enterprise. Established lean principles and lessons learned in lean manufacturing environments are applied across an automotive fuel system enterprise. This enterprise includes all major activities used in developing and delivering fuel systems to customers from the initiation of the systems concept to final production manufacturing. The value of the enterprise's product (fuel systems) is specified in terms of enterprise customers. The value stream of the fuel system enterprise is identified and analyzed using process mapping, input/output information flow diagrams, and other techniques. Major issues in terms of waiting time, rework time, and excessive need for validation are identified using these techniques. Countermeasures against these issues are offered to facilitate a transition to a leaner state. The goal is to develop a systemic understanding of the fuel system enterprise such that lean principles and tools can be applied to its processes to improve efficiency, throughput, and value for customers. Recommendations for further study are also listed in an effort to pursue perfection by continuously improving the lean enterprise. Finally, a transition to lean implementation plan is outlined.
by Marc Anthony Schmidt.
S.M.

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29

Tichagwa, Anesu. "Micro combined heat and power management for a residential system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16914.

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Fuel cell technology has reached commercialisation of fuel cells in application areas such as residential power systems, automobile engines and driving of industrial manufacturing processes. This thesis gives an overview of the current state of fuel cell-based technology research and development, introduces a μCHP system sizing strategy and proposes methods of improving on the implementation of residential fuel cell-based μCHP technology. The three methods of controlling residential μCHP systems discussed in this thesis project are heat-led, electricity-led and cost-minimizing control. Simulations of a typical HT PEMFC -based residential μCHP unit are conducted using these control strategies. A model of a residential μCHP system is formulated upon which these simulated tests are conducted. From these simulations, equations to model the costs of running a fuel-cell based μCHP system are proposed. Having developed equations to quantify the running costs of the proposed μCHP system a method for determining the ideal size of a μCHP system is developed. A sizing technique based on industrial CHP sizing practices is developed in which the running costs and capital costs of the residential μCHP system are utilised to determine the optimal size of the system. Residential thermal and electrical load profile data of a typical Danish household are used. Having simulated the system a practical implementation of the power electronics interface between the fuel cell and household grid is done. Two topologies are proposed for the power electronics interface a three-stage topology and a two-stage topology. The efficiencies of the overall systems of both topologies are determined. The system is connected to the grid so the output of each system is phase-shifted and DC injection, harmonic distortion, voltage range and frequency range are determined for both systems to determine compliance with grid standards. Deviations between simulated results and experimental results are recorded and discussed and relevant conclusions are drawn from these.

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30

Lamoureux, Benjamin. "Development of an Integrated Approach for PHM - Prognostics and Health Management : Application to a Turbofan Fuel System." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0018/document.

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Pour les constructeurs de moteurs d'avions comme Snecma, la disponibilité est un des enjeux clés de l'avenir. En effet, la limitation des retards et annulations de vols ainsi que la réduction de la fréquence et de la durée des opérations de maintenance pourraient entraîner des économies importantes. Pour accroître la disponibilité, l'outil le plus utilisé actuellement est le "prognostics and health management" (PHM). La première contribution de la thèse est de proposer des cadres terminologique et fonctionnel pour le développement du PHM adapté aux spécificités des moteurs d'avions. Par la suite, une approche intégrée basée sur le nouveau modèle en V3 est formalisée. La seconde contribution est un processus basé sur les modèles pour le développement de la partie embarquée chargée de l'extraction des indicateurs de santé. Elle est basée sur l'analyse de sensibilité, la régression par vecteurs supports et des nouveaux indicateurs de performances. Puisque ce processus est réalisé avant l'entrée en service, les données stochastiques sont obtenues par propagation d'incertitudes. Pour surmonter les temps de calcul liés aux évaluations du modèle, des métamodèles sont utilisés. Plus particulièrement, la troisième contribution de la thèse est une technique originale combinant régression par vecteurs supports et Krigeage. L'approche globale est finalement testée sur le système carburant d'un moteur d'avion. Les résultats sont prometteurs, tant au niveau industriel pour les précieuses informations qu'elle fournit sur la qualité du jeu d'indicateurs de santé qu'au niveau académique pour la précision apportée par la nouvelle approche du Krigeage-SVR
For manufacturers of aircraft engines such as Snecma, the increase of systems availability is one of the key challenges of the future. Indeed, the limitation of delays and cancellations and the reduction of maintenance operations frequency and duration could lead to important costs savings. To improve availability, the most proven tool is currently prognostics and health management (PHM). The first contribution of this thesis work is to propose complete terminological and functional frameworks for the development of PHM adapted to the specific application on aircraft engines. Subsequently, an integrated development approach based on the original V3-model is formalized. The second contribution is an original model-based process for the development of the embedded extraction of health indicators, based on sensitivity analysis, support vector regression and original performance indicators for the validation. Since it is aimed at being performed before the entry into service, the stochastic data are issued from Monte-Carlo based uncertainties propagation. In order to overcome the prohibitive computation time of the model evaluations, surrogate models are used. More particularly, the third contribution of this thesis work is an original technique combining support vector regression with Kriging. The whole approach is finally tested on an aircraft engine fuel system. The results are promising, both at the industrial level with the release of valuable information about the quality of the health indicators set and at the academic level with the proven accuracy of the novel SVR-Kriging approach

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31

Chen, Di. "Design and implementation of microcontroller-based direct methanol fuel cell/lithium polymer battery hybrid energy management system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12579.

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The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) has been considered as one of the competitive alternatives for battery technology as it has much higher energy density, faster recharging and does not require complicated control systems like a fuel reformer or compressed gas tank as needed by a hydrogen fuel cell. However, current DMFC technology suffers from the low power density caused by low reaction rate and undesired “methanol crossover” issues, which brings a big challenge for its application in practical systems. This thesis presents a practical design and prototype development of a DMFC/battery hybrid energy management system, which can be provided as one possible solution for the low power and cold start issues. First of all the existing fuel cell hybrid system schemes and design of the auxiliary units (BOP) are surveyed and compared. Based on the analysis above a microcontroller-based DMFC and Lithium Polymer Battery hybrid system is proposed. After that a novel “Battery-Current-Based Hybrid Control (BCBHC)” is proposed to provide active load sharing and proper battery charging and protection. The DMFC will follow the average battery current by neglecting the battery current transients and charge the battery by following the Constant-Current and Constant Voltage charging scheme when possible. A variety of battery protections, such as overcharging, overcurrent and charging current limitation, are implemented by the BCBHC and protection circuit. A detailed system design and modeling are then presented. The models are developed and simulated in PSIM. The simulation results are analyzed and showed the validity of proposed hybrid control. At the end a prototype hybrid EMS controller board has been implemented to further validate the hybrid system design. The dynamic behavior of DMFC/Battery hybrid system is examined and tested under a series of load experiments. The measured results have proved the feasibility and stability of the designed hybrid control.

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32

Wijewardane, M. Anusha. "Exhaust system energy management of internal combustion engines." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9829.

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Today, the investigation of fuel economy improvements in internal combustion engines (ICEs) has become the most significant research interest among the automobile manufacturers and researchers. The scarcity of natural resources, progressively increasing oil prices, carbon dioxide taxation and stringent emission regulations all make fuel economy research relevant and compelling. The enhancement of engine performance solely using incylinder techniques is proving increasingly difficult and as a consequence the concept of exhaust energy recovery has emerged as an area of considerable interest. Three main energy recovery systems have been identified that are at various stages of investigation. Vapour power bottoming cycles and turbo-compounding devices have already been applied in commercially available marine engines and automobiles. Although the fuel economy benefits are substantial, system design implications have limited their adaptation due to the additional components and the complexity of the resulting system. In this context, thermo-electric (TE) generation systems, though still in their infancy for vehicle applications have been identified as attractive, promising and solid state candidates of low complexity. The performance of these devices is limited to the relative infancy of materials investigations and module architectures. There is great potential to be explored. The initial modelling work reported in this study shows that with current materials and construction technology, thermo-electric devices could be produced to displace the alternator of the light duty vehicles, providing the fuel economy benefits of 3.9%-4.7% for passenger cars and 7.4% for passenger buses. More efficient thermo-electric materials could increase the fuel economy significantly resulting in a substantially improved business case. The dynamic behaviour of the thermo-electric generator (TEG) applied in both, main exhaust gas stream and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) path of light duty and heavy duty engines were studied through a series of experimental and modelling programs. The analyses of the thermo-electric generation systems have highlighted the need for advanced heat exchanger design as well as the improved materials to enhance the performance of these systems. These research requirements led to the need for a systems evaluation technique typified by hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing method to evaluate heat exchange and materials options. HIL methods have been used during this study to estimate both the output power and the exhaust back pressure created by the device. The work has established the feasibility of a new approach to heat exchange devices for thermo-electric systems. Based on design projections and the predicted performance of new materials, the potential to match the performance of established heat recovery methods has been demonstrated.

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33

Yasin, Aysar Mahmoud Masoud. "Distributed Generation Systems Based on Hybrid Wind/Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell Structures." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/995.

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Анотація:

The distributed generation (DG) today attracts a large interest due to an even increasing demand of energy and the growth of awareness about the impact of conventional energy sources on the environment. Photovoltaic (PV) and wind power are two of the most promising renewable energy technologies. Fuel cell (FC) systems also show enormous potential in future DG applications, due to a fast technology development, high efficiency, environment friendliness and modularity. Hybrid systems encompassing wind, photovoltaic and FC generators are today revised as a viable solution to overcome the inner unreliability of renewable energy sources. The modelling and control of a hybrid wind/PV/FC DG system is addressed in this dissertation. Dynamic models for the main system components, namely: wind and PV energy generators, fuel cell, electrolyser, power electronic interfaces, battery, hydrogen storage tank, gas compressor, are developed and verified by experimental tests and simulation studies. Five different architectures of stand-alone hybrid power systems are considered, exploiting connections through DC and AC buses. Each configuration is managed through a specific control methodology. Based on suitable dynamic models, the five proposed stand-alone hybrid energy system configurations have been simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowSysTM software environment. A comparison among those configurations has been performed on the basis of purposely developed performance indexes. According to obtained results the high voltage DC bus (HVDC) configuration reaches the best score among the five configurations. A Fuzzy logic based management of a stand-alone hybrid generator based on high voltage DC bus configuration has been developed to dynamically optimize the power flows among the different energy sources. The performances of the proposed strategy are evaluated by simulation in different operating conditions. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. A further goal of the thesis has been the development of a probabilistic approach to size step-up transformers for grid-connected wind farms. This approach is mainly based on the evaluation of the Loss of Produced Power Probability index (LPPP); the costs of the wind farm equipments are also taken into consideration.

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34

Abdul-Jalal, Rifqi I. "Engine thermal management with model predictive control." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24274.

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Анотація:

The global greenhouse gas CO2 emission from the transportation sector is very significant. To reduce this gas emission, EU has set an average target of not more than 95 CO2/km for new passenger cars by the year 2020. A great reduction is still required to achieve the CO2 emission target in 2020, and many different approaches are being considered. This thesis focuses on the thermal management of the engine as an area that promise significant improvement of fuel efficiency with relatively small changes. The review of the literature shows that thermal management can improve engine efficiency through the friction reduction, improved air-fuel mixing, reduced heat loss, increased engine volumetric efficiency, suppressed knock, reduce radiator fan speed and reduction of other toxic emissions such as CO, HC and NOx. Like heat loss and friction, most emissions can be reduced in high temperature condition, but this may lead to poor volumetric efficiency and make the engine more prone to knock. The temperature trade-off study is conducted in simulation using a GT-SUITE engine model coupled with the FE in-cylinder wall structure and cooling system. The result is a map of the best operating temperature over engine speed and load. To quantify the benefit of this map, eight driving styles from the legislative and research test cycles are being compared using an immediate application of the optimal temperature, and significant improvements are found for urban style driving, while operation at higher load (motorway style driving) shows only small efficiency gains. The fuel consumption saving predicted in the urban style of driving is more than 4%. This assess the chance of following the temperature set point over a cycle, the temperature reference is analysed for all eight types of drive cycles using autocorrelation, lag plot and power spectral density. The analysis consistently shows that the highest volatility is recorded in the Artemis Urban Drive Cycle: the autocorrelation disappears after only 5.4 seconds, while the power spectral density shows a drop off around 0.09Hz. This means fast control action is required to implement the optimal temperature before it changes again. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an optimal controller with a receding horizon, and it is well known for its ability to handle multivariable control problems for linear systems with input and state limits. The MPC controller can anticipate future events and can take control actions accordingly, especially if disturbances are known in advance. The main difficulty when applying MPC to thermal management is the non-linearity caused by changes in flow rate. Manipulating both the water pump and valve improves the control authority, but it also amplifies the nonlinearity of the system. Common linearization approaches like Jacobian Linearization around one or several operating points are tested, by found to be only moderately successful. Instead, a novel approach is pursued using feedback linearization of the plant model. This uses an algebraic transformation of the plant inputs to turn the nonlinear systems dynamics into a fully or predominantly linear system. The MPC controller can work with the linear model, while the actual control inputs are found using an inverse transformation. The Feedback Linearization MPC of the cooling system model is implemented and testing using MathWork Simulink®. The process includes the model transformation approach, model fitting, the transformation of the constraints and the tuning of the MPC controller. The simulation shows good temperature tracking performance, and this demonstrates that a MPC controller with feedback linearization is a suitable approach to thermal management. The controller strategy is then validated in a test rig replicating an actual engine cooling system. The new MPC controller is again evaluated over the eight driving cycles. The average water pump speed is reduced by 9.1% compared to the conventional cooling system, while maintaining good temperature tracking. The controller performance further improves with future disturbance anticipation by 20.5% for the temperature tracking (calculated by RMSE), 6.8% reduction of the average water pump speed, 47.3% reduction of the average valve movement and 34.0% reduction of the average radiator fan speed.

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35

Almada, Janaina Barbosa. "Modeling, Control and Management of Microgrids Operation with Renewable Sources." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11122.

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Анотація:

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Nowadays, the distribution networks of electricity are the segment of the electrical power systems that has experienced more changes, due in particular to the presence of distributed generation and the technological advances in the areas of instrumentation, automation, measurement, information technology and comunication. This work aims to present the modelling, the control and the operation management of a group of small-scale energy resources connected to the low voltage, which coordinated form a microgrid. The microgrid energy resources are solar photovoltaic sources, wind energy based on double fed induction generator and hydrogen fuel cell, and a storage system with batteries. Two conceptions are developed: a single-phase microgrid and a three-phase microgrid, both operating in connected mode and isolated from the utility. Each energy resource is connected to a point of common coupling through power converters. For each converter was designed a set of control loops. The master-slave strategy was used to control the converters and to microgrid management. In master-slave configuration only the master converter is designed to be the voltage reference and others operate as a current source. For managing the steady state operation of microgrids different operating scenarios were considered, with variation of load and generation levels, as well as changes in tariff flags, for load supply with economy and sources operating at maximum efficiency. The proposed systems operate satisfactorily fulfill the requirements of utility for synchronization and disconnection. The injected currents are below the allowed distortion level. In stand-alone mode, the system voltage remains within the appropriate level of amplitude and frequency.
Atualmente, as redes de distribuiÃÃo de energia elÃtrica sÃo o segmento dos siste-mas elÃtricos de potÃncia que mais tem experimentado mudanÃas, devido, em es-pecial, Ã presenÃa da geraÃÃo distribuÃda e aos avanÃos tecnolÃgicos nas Ãreas de instrumentaÃÃo, automaÃÃo, mediÃÃo, tecnologia da informaÃÃo e comunicaÃÃo. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a modelagem, o controle e o gerenciamento da operaÃÃo de um conjunto de recursos energÃticos de pequeno porte, conectados Ã baixa tensÃo, que coordenados formam uma microrrede. Os recursos energÃticos da microrrede sÃo fontes solar fotovoltaica, eolielÃtrica com gerador de induÃÃo de dupla alimentaÃÃo e cÃlula combustÃvel a hidrogÃnio, e um sistema de armazenamento de energia a baterias. Duas concepÃÃes de microrredes sÃo desenvolvidas: microrrede monofÃsica e microrrede trifÃsica, ambas operando em modo conectado e isolado da rede elÃtrica principal. Cada recurso energÃtico Ã conectado a um ponto comum de conexÃo atravÃs de conversores de potÃncia. Para cada conversor foi projetado um conjunto de malhas de controle. A estratÃgia mestre-escravo foi usada para o controle dos conversores e gerenciamento da microrrede. Na configuraÃÃo mestre-escravo apenas o conversor mestre Ã designado para ser a referÃncia de tensÃo que os outros conversores necessitam para operarem como fonte de corrente. Para o gerenciamento da operaÃÃo das microrredes em regime permanente, foram considerados diferentes cenÃrios de operaÃÃo, com variaÃÃo de nÃveis de carga e de geraÃÃo, bem como variaÃÃo de bandeiras e postos tarifÃrios, visando atender a carga com economicidade e fontes operando em mÃxima eficiÃncia. Os sistemas propostos operam de forma satisfatÃria obedecendo aos requisitos da concessionÃria para a sincronizaÃÃo e desconexÃo. As harmÃnicas de corrente injetada estÃo abaixo do nÃvel de distorÃÃo permitido. No modo isolado, a tensÃo dos sistemas permanece dentro do nÃvel adequado de amplitude e frequÃncia.

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Smith, Bradley Joseph. "Steam-Assisted Catalysis of n-Dodecane as a Jet Fuel Analogue in a Flow Reactor System for Hypersonic Thermal Management." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1577978953025703.

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37

Åkesson, Elsa, Maximilian Kempe, Oskar Nordlander, and Rosa Sandén. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Powered by Hybrid Propulsion System." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277115.

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I samband med den globala uppvärmningen ökar efterfrågan för rena och förnybara bränslen alltmer i dagens samhälle. Eftersom flygindustrin idag är ansvarig för samma mängd växthusgaser som all motortrafik i Sverige, skulle ett byte till en avgasfri energikälla för flygfarkoster vara ett stort framsteg. Därför har projektet genom modellering framtagit ett hybridsystem av ett batteri och en bränslecell och undersökt hur kombinationen av olika storlekar på dem presterar i en driftcykel. Då batterier har hög specifik effekt men är tunga, kompletteras de med fördel av bränsleceller, som är lättviktiga och bidrar med uthållig strömförsörjning. På så sätt blir hybriden optimal för flygfarkoster. Kandidatarbetet är en del av projektet Green Raven, ett tvärvetenskapligt samarbete mellan instutitionerna Tillämpad Elektrokemi, Mekatronik och Teknisk Mekanik på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Driftcykelmodelleringen gjordes i Simulink, och flera antaganden gjordes beträffande effektprofilen, samt bränslecellens mätvärden och effekt. Tre olika energihushållningsscheman skapades, vilka bestämde bränslecellseffekten beroende på vätgasnivån och batteriets laddningstillstånd. Skillnaden på systemen var vilka intervall av laddningstillstånd hos batteriet som genererade olika effekt hos bränslecellen. Det bästa alternativet visade sig vara 0/100-systemet, eftersom det var det enda som inte orsakede någon degradering av bränslecellens kapacitet.
In today’s society, with several environmental challenges such as global warming, the demand for cleanand renewable fuels is ever increasing. Since the aviation industry in Sweden is responsible for the sameamount of greenhouse gas emissions as the motor traffic, a change to a non-polluting energy source forflying vehicles would be considerable progress. Therefore, this project has designed a hybrid system of abattery and a fuel cell and investigated how different combinations of battery and fuel cell sizes perform ina drive cycle, through computer modelling. As batteries possess a high specific power but are heavy, thefuel cells with high specific energy complement them with a sustained and lightweight power supply,which makes the hybrid perfect for aviation. The bachelor thesis is a part of Project Green Raven, aninterdisciplinary collaboration with the institutions of Applied Electrochemistry, Mechatronics andEngineering Mechanics at KTH Royal Institute of Techology. The drive cycle simulations were done inSimulink, and several assumptions regarding the power profile, fuel cell measurements and power weremade. Three different energy management strategies were set up, determining the fuel cell powerdepending on hydrogen availability and state of charge of the battery. The strategies were called 35/65,20/80 and 0/100, and the difference between them was at which state of charge intervals the fuel cellchanged its power output. The best strategy proved to be 0/100, since it was the only option which causedno degradation of the fuel cell whatsoever.

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Vallur, Rajendran Avinash. "A Methodology for Development of Look Ahead Based Energy Management System Using Traffic In Loop Simulation." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514828055131881.

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39

Njoya, Motapon Souleman. "Design and simulation of a fuel cell hybrid emergency power system for a more electric aircraft : evaluation of energy management schemes." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2013. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1157/1/NJOYA_MOTAPON_Souleman.pdf.

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Dans le but de réduire la consommation de combustibles fossiles et les coûts liés à la maintenance, l’industrie aéronautique vise à remplacer la plupart des systèmes hydrauliques et pneumatiques des avions conventionnels par des systèmes électriques. Ces nouveaux avions du futur sont appelés « avion plus électrique ». Dans ces avions plus électrique, l’augmentation de la demande électrique rend l’utilisation du système de secours actuel basé sur une éolienne traditionnelle impossible. Surtout lors des atterrissages et décollages où la puissance fournie par celle-ci est presque nulle. L’une des solutions considérée par les avionneurs est de remplacer l’éolienne par un système hybride basé sur une pile à hydrogène, assistée par les batteries et/ou les super condensateurs. Afin de s’assurer que le système hybride pourra satisfaire à la demande, il doit être correctement conçu et une stratégie efficace de gestion d’énergie doit être testée avec un vrai profil de vol. Ce travail vise à concevoir un système d’alimentation de secours basé sur une pile à hydrogène pour un avion plus électrique, et à comparer différentes stratégies de gestion d’énergie; avec pour but de s’assurer que la demande en situation d’urgence est entièrement satisfaite, et ce, dans les limites de chaque source d’énergie. Le système hybride considéré est constitué d’une pile à hydrogène, d’un bac de batteries aux ions de lithium et de super condensateurs, ainsi que leur convertisseurs CC-CC et CC-CA associés. Les stratégies de gestion d’énergie considérées sont les plus courantes de l’état de l’art, utilisées dans les véhicules hybrides, à savoir: la stratégie de commande par état de la machine, la stratégie basée sur la logique floue, la stratégie de commande par régulateur PI, la stratégie de commande basée sur le découplage de la fréquence et la stratégie de minimisation de la consommation équivalente (ECMS). D’autre part, une nouvelle stratégie optimale basée sur la maximisation de l’énergie instantanée des batteries/super condensateurs, est proposée afin d’en améliorer l’économie en hydrogène. En plus, un algorithme basé sur l’optimisation hors-ligne a été également développé afin de valider la stratégie proposée. Les critères principaux de comparaison des différentes stratégies sont les suivants: la consommation d’hydrogène, l’état de charge des batteries/super condensateurs et l’efficacité globale du système. En plus, le niveau de sollicitations de chaque source d’énergie, qui influence énormément leur cycle de vie, est mesuré avec une nouvelle approche basée sur la transformée en ondelettes de leur puissance instantanée. Un modèle de simulation et un banc d’essai expérimental ont été développés pour valider toutes les analyses et les différentes performances. Les principaux résultats obtenus sont les suivants : la stratégie de commande par état de la machine a fourni une performance légèrement meilleure en termes d’efficacité globale et du niveau de sollicitations des batteries et des super condensateurs. La stratégie de commande par régulateur PI et celle proposée ont eu la plus basse consommation d’hydrogène, mais avec un taux d’utilisation de l’énergie des batteries plus élevé. Comme prévu, le plus bas niveau de sollicitations de la pile à hydrogène ainsi que le plus bas taux d’utilisation de l’énergie des batteries ont été réalisés avec la stratégie de commande basée sur le découplage de la fréquence, mais aux dépens d’une consommation d’hydrogène plus élevée et d’une efficacité globale plus faible. Pour toutes les stratégies, la tension du bus DC ou des super condensateurs est presque maintenue constante. En outre, la stratégie proposée a été légèrement meilleure comparée à l’ECMS en termes de consommation d’hydrogène et d’efficacité globale avec une augmentation sur l’économie en hydrogène de 3 %. La stratégie de gestion d’énergie appropriée au système de secours des avions plus électrique devrait être de type multi-stratégies telle que chaque stratégie est choisie basée sur un critère spécifique prioritaire. Par exemple, selon la durée de fonctionnement de chaque source d’énergie, la stratégie de gestion d’énergie peut être choisie avec pour but de réduire au minimum le niveau de sollicitations du système de pile à hydrogène, des batteries ou des super condensateurs, ainsi augmentant le cycle de vie du système d’alimentation hybride. Par ailleurs, si la cible est de réduire la consommation d’hydrogène, la stratégie proposée ou celle classique par régulateur PI sont de meilleurs candidats.

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Karbaschian, Mohammad Ali [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Söffker, and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Kasper. "Improving System Design and Power Management for Hybrid Hydraulic Vehicles Minimizing Fuel Consumption / Mohammad Ali Karbaschian. Gutachter: Roland Kasper. Betreuer: Dirk Söffker." Duisburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064264603/34.

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Karbaschian, Mohammad Ali Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] [Söffker, and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Kasper. "Improving System Design and Power Management for Hybrid Hydraulic Vehicles Minimizing Fuel Consumption / Mohammad Ali Karbaschian. Gutachter: Roland Kasper. Betreuer: Dirk Söffker." Duisburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064264603/34.

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42

Milhor, Carlos Eduardo. "Sistema de desenvolvimento para controle eletrônico dos motores de combustão interna ciclo Otto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-12032003-092253/.

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O sistema de gerenciamento dos motores automotivos tem se tornado um avançado sistema de controle. Seu objetivo é fazer com que o nível de emissões de gases poluentes gerados esteja dentro dos padrões exigidos pela legislação de cada país e ao mesmo tempo manter os níveis de desempenho e dirigibilidade. Apresenta as principais características de um típico sistema de gerenciamento de motores a combustão interna, descreve os modos de controle e aponta tendências futuras. Descreve o sistema de controle desenvolvido, o qual servirá de ferramenta de pesquisa para trabalhos que envolvam o estudo de técnicas de controle aplicadas neste contexto e pesquisas envolvendo otimização do rendimento dos motores automotivos
The automotive engine management system has become an advanced control system. Its objective is to maintain the pollutants gas emissions according to legislations and to maintain the performance and driveability, at the same time. It presents the main features of a tipical internal combustion engine management system, it describes the control modes and it point out the future tendencies. It describes the control system developed, which one will be usefull as a tool for research involving control applied in this context and engine automotive efficiency optimization researchs

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Mattiolo, Sandra Regina. "Diretrizes para implantação de um sistema de gestão ambiental no ciclo do combustível nuclear: estudo de caso da USEXA - CEA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-08032013-162445/.

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As normas de gestão ambiental têm por objetivo prover as organizações dos elementos necessários para implantação de Sistemas da Gestão Ambiental (SGA) que possam ser integrados a outros requisitos da gestão, e auxiliá-las a alcançar seus objetivos ambientais e econômicos. A Unidade de Produção de Hexafluoreto de Urânio USEXA, do Centro Tecnológico da Marinha em São Paulo - CTMSP, será a primeira planta industrial da etapa de conversão do ciclo do combustível nuclear (produção de hexafluoreto de urânio UF6) do Brasil, permitindo que seja agregado valor ao minério de urânio. Neste trabalho, o SGA proposto para a USEXA, permite disciplinar suas interfaces com o meio ambiente, uma vez que as Normas da CNEN Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear e da AIEA Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica para instalações nucleares, na sua grande maioria, visam a atender a critérios de segurança para o público e o meio ambiente, apenas nos quesitos envolvendo radiações ionizantes. O modelo de SGA desenvolvido preenche as lacunas das normas da CNEN e da AIEA, por considerar os impactos ambientais decorrentes do uso de substâncias químicas no processo de fabricação de UF6 e os aspectos gerais de sustentabilidade. Isso pode ser considerado uma contribuição original dentro das complexas atividades que abrangem o processamento de urânio no ciclo do combustível nuclear. Como resultado, esta pesquisa propõe, para avaliação de impactos ambientais, a adoção de um filtro de significância, relacionado à localização do empreendimento, apresenta um Manual do Sistema de Gestão para a USEXA e sugere modelos de treinamentos em gestão de pessoal, como o coaching e a programação neurolinguística, e que poderão ser aplicados em qualquer Sistema de Gestão. Os treinamentos podem ser considerados como uma ação preventiva, por contribuírem para diminuir os incidentes relacionados à manutenção de equipamentos e consequentemente a ocorrência de impactos ambientais.
The environmental management standards are intended to provide to the organizations the elements needed for the implementation of an Environmental Management System (EMS) that can be effectively integrated to another management requirements and assist them to achieve their environmental and economic goals. The Uranium Hexafluoride Production Unit - USEXA, located at the Navy Technological Center in São Paulo, will be the first Brazilian industrial plant responsible for the conversion stage in the nuclear fuel cycle (production of uranium hexafluoride UF6), allowing added-value to the uranium ore. The EMS proposed to USEXA in this project allows to regulate its interfaces with the environment, since the Standards of CNEN - National Commission of Nuclear Energy and of the IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency for Nuclear Installations, aim, mostly, to attend the security criteria for the population and the environment, concerning ionizing radiation. This model of EMS fills the gaps in standards of IAEA and CNEN, since it takes into account the environmental impacts from the use of chemicals in the manufacturing process of UF6, and general aspects of sustainability. It can be considered an original contribution within the complex activities that includes the uranium processing in the nuclear fuel cycle. This research proposes, as result, the use of a filter of significance to evaluate the environmental impacts depending on the installation location. It is also presented the Management System Manual for USEXA and models for training in personnel management are suggested, such as coaching and neurolinguistic programing, which can be applied to any Management System. The trainings can be considered a preventive action as they considerably decreased incidents related to equipments maintenance and thus the occurrence of environmental impacts.

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Veiga, Michel Robert. "Desenvolvimento de um gerenciador eletrônico para motores tricombustível." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-06122010-150018/.

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O objetivo do desenvolvimento do projeto foi minimizar uma das principais desvantagens no uso do gás natural veicular, que é a perda de potência, e aumentar sua eficiência volumétrica através da construção de um circuito eletrônico capaz de gerenciar de forma eficiente a injeção do gás. O aumento do rendimento é obtido através do gerenciamento eficiente da mistura ar-combustível utilizando um sistema de malha fechada. O gerenciamento da relação de potência e economia é conseguido com o uso simultâneo de gás natural e o combustível líquido. Nos sistemas de conversão atuais e nos veículos originais a gás natural, a perda de potência é compensada desligando o sistema de gás e utilizando somente o combustível líquido, sendo esta seleção feita de forma manual na maioria dos sistemas de conversão e de forma automática no Fiat Siena tetrafuel, não possibilitando o uso simultâneo do gás com o combustível líquido. A exigência de potência é medida através do ângulo do pedal do acelerador. Quando a exigência de potência é baixa, o sistema opera apenas com gás. No momento em que há solicitação de potência intermediária, o sistema opera com diferentes proporções de etanol e gás. Na situação de solicitação de potência máxima, é utilizado apenas o combustível líquido. Foram feitas comparações entre o sistema convencional e o sistema proposto, através de ensaios dinamométricos, rodoviários e emissão de poluentes. O veículo Volkswagen Gol com seu sistema original utilizando somente etanol possui potência máxima de 64,06 cavalos, (47,77 Kilowatts) e consumo de 12,6 quilômetros por litro de etanol. Com o sistema convencional de gás natural aspirado, o consumo foi de 21 quilômetros por metro cúbico e a potência não ultrapassou 51,82 cavalos (38,64 Kilowatts), com o protótipo desenvolvido a eficiência volumétrica aumentou 25% com consumo de 26,4 quilômetros por metro cúbico. O gerenciamento de potência proporciona potências intermediárias acima de 51,82 cavalos (38,64 Kilowatts), até a potência máxima de 64,06 cavalos (47,77 Kilowatts) em situações que uma maior potência é requerida. O sistema desenvolvido proporciona o benefício da flexibilidade no abastecimento disponível nos sistemas atuais, com a flexibilidade na potência não disponível nos sistemas atuais.
This project intended to minimize one of the main disadvantages of using natural gas vehicles, which was the loss of power, and increase their volumetric efficiency by building an electronic circuit able to efficiently manage the gas injection. The increase in volumetric efficiency is obtained through the efficient management of air-fuel mixture using a closed loop system. The management of the power and economy ratio is achieved with the simultaneous use of natural gas and liquid fuel. In the current conversion systems and original vehicles that use natural gas, the power loss is compensated by turning off the gas system and using only the liquid fuel. This selection is done manually in most conversion systems, and automatically at Fiat Siena Tetrafuel, not allowing the simultaneous use of gas to liquid fuel. The demand for power is measured by the angle of the accelerator pedal. When the power demand is low, the system operates only with natural gas. When intermediate power is required, the system operates with different proportions of ethanol and natural gas. For maximum power, only ethanol is used. Comparisons were made between the conventional and the proposed system through dynamometer tests, road tests and emission analyses. The Volkswagen Gol with original system using only ethanol has a maximum power of 64.06 horses (47.77 Kilowatts) and consumption of 12.6 kilometers per liter of ethanol. With conventional aspirated natural gas system, the consumption was 21 km per cubic meter and the power did not exceed 51.82 horses (38.64 Kilowatts). With the prototype, volumetric efficiency increases by 25%, with consumption of 26.4 kilometers per cubic meter. The power management provides intermediate powers up to 51.82 horses (38.64 Kilowatts) until the maximum power of 64.06 horses (47.77 Kilowatts) in situations where more power is required. The developed system provides the benefit of refueling flexibility found in the original system, with power flexibility not available in original systems.

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Manning, Peter Christopher. "Development of a Series Parallel Energy Management Strategy for Charge Sustaining PHEV Operation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49436.

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The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team of Virginia Tech (HEVT) is participating in the 2012-2014 EcoCAR 2: Plugging in to the Future Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition series organized by Argonne National Lab (ANL), and sponsored by General Motors Corporation (GM) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The goals of the competition are to reduce well-to-wheel (WTW) petroleum energy consumption (PEU), WTW greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria emissions while maintaining vehicle performance, consumer acceptability and safety. Following the EcoCAR 2 Vehicle Development Process (VDP) of designing, building, and refining an advanced technology vehicle over the course of the three year competition using a 2013 Chevrolet Malibu donated by GM as a base vehicle, the selected powertrain is a Series-Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) with P2 (between engine and transmission) and P4 (rear axle) motors, a lithium-ion battery pack, an internal combustion engine, and an automatic transmission. Development of a charge sustaining control strategy for this vehicle involves coordination of controls for each of the main powertrain components through a distributed control strategy. This distributed control strategy includes component controllers for each individual component and a single supervisory controller responsible for interpreting driver demand and determining component commands to meet the driver demand safely and efficiently. For example, the algorithm accounts for a variety of system operating points and will penalize or reward certain operating points for other conditions. These conditions include but are not limited to rewards for discharging the battery when the state of charge (SOC) is above the target value or penalties for operating points with excessive emissions. Development of diagnostics and remedial actions is an important part of controlling the powertrain safely. In order to validate the control strategy prior to in-vehicle operation, simulations are run against a plant model of the vehicle systems. This plant model can be run in both controller Software- and controller Hardware-In-the-Loop (SIL and HIL) simulations. This paper details the development of the controls for diagnostics, major selection algorithms, and execution of commands and its integration into the Series-Parallel PHEV through the supervisory controller. This paper also covers the plant model development and testing of the control algorithms using controller SIL and HIL methods. This paper details reasons for any changes to the control system, and describes improvements or tradeoffs that had to be made to the control system architecture for the vehicle to run reliably and meet its target specifications. Test results illustrate how changes to the plant model and control code properly affect operation of the control system in the actual vehicle. The VT Malibu is operational and projected to perform well at the final competition.
Master of Science

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Haus, Sylvia. "Climate impact of the sustainable use of forest biomass in energy and material system : a life cycle perspective." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69561.

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Human society releases greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere while providing housing, heat, mobility and industrial production. Man-made greenhouse gas emissions are the main causes of climate change, coming mainly from burning fossil fuels and land-use changes. Sustainably managed forests play an important role in climate change mitigation with the prospect of sustainably providing essential materials and services as part of a low-carbon economy, both through the substitution of fossil-intensive fuels and material and through their potential to capture and store carbon in the long-term perspective. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop a methodology under a life cycle perspective to assess the climate impact of the sustainable use of forest biomass in bioenergy and material systems. To perform this kind of analysis a methodological framework is needed to accurately compare the different biological and technological systems with the aim to minimize the net carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and hence the climate impact. In such a comparison, the complete energy supply chains from natural resources to energy end-use services has to be considered and are defined as the system boundaries. The results show that increasing biomass production through more intensive forest management or the usage of more productive tree species combined with substitution of non-wood products and fuels can significantly reduce global warming. The biggest single factor causing radiative forcing reduction was using timber to produce wood material to replace energy-intensive construction materials such as concrete and steel. Another very significant factor was replacing fossil fuels with forest residues from forest thinning, harvest, wood processing, and post-use wood products. The fossil fuel that was replaced by forest biomass affected the reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, with carbon-intensive coal being most beneficial to replace. Over the long term, an active and sustainable management of forests, including their use as a source for wood products and bioenergy allows the greatest potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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伸宜, 奥井, та Nobunori Okui. "新方式ハイブリッドシステム搭載長距離貨物トラックの燃料消費率改善に関する研究". Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13097335/?lang=0, 2018. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13097335/?lang=0.

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車両の電動化(ハイブリッド化)と内燃機関システムの電動化を最適に組み合わせた技術と、それらを効果的に稼働させるハイブリッド制御ロジックを適用した新方式大型ハイブリッドトラックを提案した。長距離貨物輸送時の燃料消費率の改善に対し効果があることを明らかとした。同時に、従来大型トラックに対し、荷室搭載性の確保や車両コストの抑制が可能となることが分かり、実用性の面でも優位性があることを示した。
博士(工学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering
同志社大学
Doshisha University

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48

McFarlane, Alexander. "Biofilm development and management in aircraft fuel systems." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17655/.

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49

Vagg, Christopher. "Optimal control of hybrid electric vehicles for real-world driving patterns." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648946.

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Optimal control of energy flows in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is crucial to maximising the benefits of hybridisation. The problem is complex because the optimal solution depends on future power demands, which are often unknown. Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP) is among the most advanced control optimisation algorithms proposed and incorporates a stochastic representation of the future. The potential of a fully developed SDP controller has not yet been demonstrated on a real vehicle; this work presents what is believed to be the most concerted and complete attempt to do so. In characterising typical driving patterns of the target vehicles this work included the development and trial of an eco-driving driver assistance system; this aims to reduce fuel consumption by encouraging reduced rates of acceleration and efficient use of the gears via visual and audible feedback. Field trials were undertaken using 15 light commercial vehicles over four weeks covering a total of 39,300 km. Average fuel savings of 7.6% and up to 12% were demonstrated. Data from the trials were used to assess the degree to which various legislative test cycles represent the vehicles’ real-world use and the LA92 cycle was found to be the closest statistical match. Various practical considerations in SDP controller development are addressed such as the choice of discount factor and how charge sustaining characteristics of the policy can be examined and adjusted. These contributions are collated into a method for robust implementation of the SDP algorithm. Most reported HEV controllers neglect the significant complications resulting from extensive use of the electrical powertrain at high power, such as increased heat generation and battery stress. In this work a novel cost function incorporates the square of battery C-rate as an indicator of electric powertrain stress, with the aim of lessening the affliction of real-world concerns such as temperatures and battery health. Controllers were tested in simulation and then implemented on a test vehicle; the challenges encountered in doing so are discussed. Testing was performed on a chassis dynamometer using the LA92 test cycle and the novel cost function was found to enable the SDP algorithm to reduce electrical powertrain stress by 13% without sacrificing any fuel savings, which is likely to be beneficial to battery health.

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50

Folkesson, Anders. "Towards sustainable urban transportation : Test, demonstration and development of fuel cell and hybrid-electric buses." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4721.

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Several aspects make today’s transport system non-sustainable: • Production, transport and combustion of fossil fuels lead to global and local environmental problems. • Oil dependency in the transport sector may lead to economical and political instability. • Air pollution, noise, congestion and land-use may jeopardise public health and quality of life, especially in urban areas. In a sustainable urban transport system most trips are made with public transport because high convenience and comfort makes travelling with public transport attractive. In terms of emissions, including noise, the vehicles are environmentally sustainable, locally as well as globally. Vehicles are energy-efficient and the primary energy stems from renewable sources. Costs are reasonable for all involved, from passengers, bus operators and transport authorities to vehicle manufacturers. The system is thus commercially viable on its own merits. This thesis presents the results from three projects involving different concept buses, all with different powertrains. The first two projects included technical evaluations, including tests, of two different fuel cell buses. The third project focussed on development of a series hybrid-bus with internal combustion engine intended for production around 2010. The research on the fuel cell buses included evaluations of the energy efficiency improvement potential using energy mapping and vehicle simulations. Attitudes to hydrogen fuel cell buses among passengers, bus drivers and bus operators were investigated. Safety aspects of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel were analysed and the use of hydrogen compared to electrical energy storage were also investigated. One main conclusion is that a city bus should be considered as one energy system, because auxiliaries contribute largely to the energy use. Focussing only on the powertrain is not sufficient. The importance of mitigating losses far down an energy conversion chain is emphasised. The Scania hybrid fuel cell bus showed the long-term potential of fuel cells, advanced auxiliaries and hybrid-electric powertrains, but technologies applied in that bus are not yet viable in terms of cost or robustness over the service life of a bus. Results from the EU-project CUTE show that hydrogen fuelled fuel cell buses are viable for real-life operation. Successful operation and public acceptance show that focus on robustness and cost in vehicle design were key success factors, despite the resulting poor fuel economy. Hybrid-electric powertrains are feasible in stop-and-go city operation. Fuel consumption can be reduced, comfort improved, noise lowered and the main power source downsized and operated less dynamically. The potential for design improvements due to flexible component packaging is implemented in the Scania hybrid concept bus. This bus and the framework for its hybrid management system are discussed in this thesis. The development of buses for a more sustainable urban transport should be made in small steps to secure technical and economical realism, which both are needed to guarantee commercialisation and volume of production. This is needed for alternative products to have a significant influence. Hybrid buses with internal combustion engines running on renewable fuel is tomorrow’s technology, which paves the way for plug-in hybrid, battery electric and fuel cell hybrid vehicles the day after tomorrow.
QC 20100722

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Дисертації з теми "Fuel Management System"

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