Дисертації з теми "Fuel injection control"
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1
Duan, Shang You. "Fuel injection control for an IC engine." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335571.
Повний текст джерела
2
MEICENHEIMER, HEIDI L. "INDEPENDENT STAGE CONTROL OF A CASCADE INJECTOR." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1155655108.
Повний текст джерела
3
Leonard, Henry J. "Control of airflow and fuel injection parameters in diesel engines." Thesis, University of Bath, 1989. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760591.
Повний текст джерела
4
Durrant, Andrew J. "Model-based control of air/fuel ratio for spark ignition engines." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287232.
Повний текст джерела
5
Hines, Anne Michelle. "Characteristics of Active Combustion Control for Liquid-Fuel Systems with Proportional Primary Fuel Modulation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32569.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first part of this work focuses on control experiments performed on an unstable kerosene-fueled turbulent combustor. Using a phase shift controller and primary fuel modulation stability is successfully gained for a wide band of global equivalence ratios allowing the limitations of the control scheme to be characterized. It is shown that control signal saturation can significantly impact the ability of the control scheme to stabilize the system. Three different regions of controllability are defined based on the degree of saturation. A hysteresis behavior is also found to exist for the controller settings depending on whether stability is being maintained or realized for an unstable system.
The second part of this work focuses on the impact that primary fuel modulation has on the fuel spray. Measurements for a simplex nozzle and an air-assist nozzle are taken under both static and dynamic operating conditions with a Phase Doppler Anemometry system. The dynamic modulation is found to significantly impact the spray properties of both nozzles.
Master of Science
6
Lagimoniere, Ernest Eugene Jr. "The Design and Construction of a High Bandwidth Proportional Fuel Injection System for Liquid Fuel Active Combustion Control." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34693.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This last decade experienced a sudden increase of interest in the control of thermo-acoustic instabilities, in particular through the use of fuel modulation techniques. The primary goal of this research was to design, construct and characterize a high bandwidth proportional fuel injection system, which could be used to study the effect of specific levels of fuel modulation on the combustion process and the reduction of thermo-acoustic instabilities. A fuel injection system, incorporating the use of a closed loop piston and check valve, was designed to modulate the primary fuel supply of an atmospheric liquid-fueled swirl stabilized combustor operating at a mean volumetric fuel flow rate of 0.4 GPH. The ability of the fuel injection system to modulate the fuel was examined by measuring the fuel line pressure and the flow rate produced during operation. The authority of this modulation over the combustion process was investigated by examining the effect of fuel modulation on the combustor pressure and the heat release of the flame. Sinusoidal operation of the fuel injection system demonstrated: a bandwidth greater that 800 Hz, significant open loop authority (averaging 12 dB) with regards to the combustor pressure, significant open loop authority (averaging 33 dB) with regards to the unsteady heat release rate and an approximate 8 dB reduction of the combustor pressure oscillation present at 100 Hz, using a phase shift controller. It is possible to scale the closed loop piston and check valve configuration used to create the fuel injection system discussed in this work to realistic combustor operating conditions for further active combustion control studies.Master of Science
7
Lee, Hang-Kyung. "Modelling rotary diesel fuel injection equipment with rate control to reduce noise and emissions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386594.
Повний текст джерела
8
Applegate, Brian Charles. "Development of a liquid injection propane system for spark-ignited engines via fuel temperature control." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/Applegate_09007dcc803c5c35.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed November 29, 2007) Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-155).
9
Zhao, Gui Quan. "Design, control and experimental testing of intelligent variable dual-fuel automotive engines." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691635.
Повний текст джерела
10
DeCastro, Jonathan Anthony. "Design and Validation of a High-Bandwidth Fuel Injection System for Control of Combustion Instabilities." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31839.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The predictive design of fuel injection hardware used for active combustion control is not well established in the gas turbine industry. The primary reason for this is that the underlying mechanisms governing the flow rate authority downstream of the nozzle are not well understood. A detailed investigation of two liquid fuel flow modulation configurations is performed in this thesis: a piston and a throttle-valve configuration. The two systems were successfully built with piezoelectric actuation to drive the prime movers proportionally up to 800 Hz. Discussed in this thesis are the important constituents of the fuel injection systemthat affect heat release authority: the method of fuel modulation, uncoupled dynamics of several components, and the compressibility of air trapped in the fuel line. Additionally, a novel technique to model these systems by way of one-dimensional, linear transmission line acoustic models was developed to successfully characterize the principle of operation of the two systems. Through these models, insight was gained on the modes through which modulation authority was dissipated and on methods through which successful amplitude scaling would be possible. At high amplitudes, it was found that the models were able to successfully predict the actual performance reasonably well for the piston device.
A proportional phase shifting controller was used to test the authority on a 40-kW rig with natural longitudinal modes. Results show that, under limited operating conditions, the sound pressure level at the limit cycle frequency was reduced by about 26 dB and the broadband energy was reduced by 23 dB. Attenuation of the fuel pulse at several combustor settings was due to fluctuating vorticity and temporal droplet distribution effects.
Master of Science
11
Kim, Chung-Gong. "A crank angle resolved CIDI engine combustion model with arbitrary fuel injection for control purpose." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5num=osu1086154960.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiv, 266 p. : ill. (some col.). Advisor: Yann G. Guezennec, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 259-266).
12
Schiller, Noah Harrison. "Design and Validation of a Proportional Throttle Valve System for Liquid-Fuel Active Combustion Control." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9843.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High-bandwidth fuel modulation is currently one of the most promising methods for active combustion control. To attenuate the large pressure oscillations in the combustion chamber, the fuel is pulsed so that the heat release rate fluctuations damp the pressure oscillations in the combustor. This thesis focuses on the development and implementation of a high-bandwidth, proportional modulation system for liquid-fuel active combustion control.
The throttle valve modulation system, discussed in this thesis, uses a 500-um piezoelectric stack coupled with an off-the-shelf valve. After comparing three other types of actuators, the piezoelectric stack was selected because of its compact size, bandwidth capabilities, and relatively low cost. Using the acoustic resonance of the fuel line, the system is able to achieve 128% pressure modulation, relative to the mean pressure, and is capable of producing more than 75% flow modulation at 115 Hz. Additionally, at 760 Hz the system produces 40% pressure modulation and 21% flow modulation with flow rates between 0.4 and 10 gph. Control authority was demonstrated on a single-nozzle kerosene combustor which exhibits a well-pronounced instability at ~115 Hz. Using the modulation system, the fundamental peak of the combustion instability was reduced by 30 dB, and the broadband sound pressure levels inside the combustor were reduced by 12 dB. However, the most important conclusion from the combustion control experiments was not the system?s accomplishments, but rather its inability to control the combustor at high global equivalence ratios. Our work indicates that having the ability to modulate a large percentage of the primary fuel is not always sufficient for active combustion control.Master of Science
13
Richards, John S. "An Exploration of Secondary Fuel Injection as Actuation for Control of Combustion Instabilities in a Laminar Premixed Tube Combustor." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Active control of combustion instabilities through secondary fuel injection is a control method that has gained a lot of attention in the past decade. Previous control schemes with acoustic loudspeakers are not practical in full-scale gas turbines due to the extreme temperatures and acoustic power requirements. Much work has gone into controlling these thermoacoustic instabilities with secondary fuel control. Control of a laminar premixed tube combustor through secondary fuel actuation is the concentration of this work. It is the first known published attempt to control a laminar premixed tube combustor through secondary fuel actuation.
Due to the low flow rates within the tube combustor an innovative injection technique had to be constructed to perform the secondary fuel actuation. The gaseous fuel is injected only one millimeter above the location of the flame through one, two, or four injectors. These injectors were designed to overcome the serious problem of pulse diffusion. This technique enabled the tube combustor to be controlled through secondary fuel injection. Accompanying the innovative fuel injection technique is a duty cycle modulation technique that was a prime contributor to the success of the control system. This method enabled the system to be controlled at conditions that were uncontrollable with a fixed duty cycle. The overall result was a 35 dB suppression of the limit cycle amplitude with 20% secondary fuel injection.Master of Science
14
Estepa, Ruiz Daniel. "Study of different fuel injection and air management strategies as a tool for emissions control in a compression ignition engine (Diesel engine)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/113076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En la actualidad, la industria del transporte es la encargada de satisfacer las necesidades logísticas del mundo. Los combustibles fósiles continúan siendo la principal fuente de energía de esta industria, y el motor Diésel, una de las tecnologías principales en la transformación de la energía química de estos combustibles en energía mecánica a través del proceso de combustión. Asociado a este proceso de transformación de la energía, un conjunto de efectos indeseados como las emisiones contaminantes o los gases de efecto invernadero han hecho movilizar a la comunidad científica. Dicha comunidad, ha realizado importantes esfuerzos en la investigación de soluciones limpias y eficientes que ayuden a minimizar los efectos indeseados del uso del motor Diésel.
Sumado a los esfuerzos en la investigación, diferentes organizaciones gubernamentales han generado normativas que regulan estas emisiones contaminantes y la industria del motor ha reaccionado integrando soluciones tecnológicas que han hecho evolucionar la configuración original del motor Diésel.
Debido a razones principalmente geopolíticas, el desarrollo económico a nivel mundial no se ha dado de manera homogénea, y en la actualidad, existe una disparidad global en cuanto a las exigencias en normativa de emisiones y la implementación de tecnologías para su control, siendo estas afectadas principalmente por sus costos. Es en este contexto donde se enmarca esta tesis doctoral, cuyo objetivo principal es el estudio de diferentes estrategias de inyección y de renovación de la carga como herramienta de control de emisiones en motores de encendido por compresión, teniendo en cuenta el costo de su integración. Se busca poder definir los límites de estas estrategias de bajo costo, determinando así su potencial real en la futura normativa de los mercados emergentes.
Para abordar dicho objetivo, la tesis se ha desarrollado en tres etapas. En la primera, se ha realizado una aproximación teórico-experimental a las estrategias de inyección mediante modelado 3D-CFD y ensayos paramétricos en motor que permiten establecer como los parámetros de inyección responden al objetivo planteado. En la segunda etapa, se han estudiado las estrategias de renovación de la carga. Primero desde el modelado 1D para luego su posterior evaluación mediante su ensayo experimental en motor definiendo de esta manera las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada estrategia. En la tercera y última etapa, se han combinado todas las estrategias previamente estudiadas desde una aproximación experimental. De esta manera se puede alcanzar el objetivo de la tesis doctoral donde se ha comprobado la viabilidad de estas estrategias de bajo costo y se ha determinado su verdadero potencial como herramientas de control de las emisiones contaminantes.En l'actualitat, la indústria del transport és l'encarregada de satisfer les necessitats logístiques del món. Els combustibles fòssils continuen sent la principal font d'energia d'aquesta indústria, i el motor Diésel, una de les tecnologies principals en la transformació de l'energia química d'aquests combustibles en energia mecànica a través del procés de combustió. Associat a aquest procés de transformació de l'energia, un conjunt d'efectes indesitjats com les emissions contaminants o els gasos d'efecte hivernacle han fet mobilitzar a la comunitat científica. Aquesta comunitat, ha realitzat importants esforços en la recerca de solucions netes i eficients que ajuden a minimitzar els efectes indesitjats de l'ús del motor Diésel. Sumat als esforços en la recerca, diferents organitzacions governamentals han generat normatives que regulen aquestes emissions contaminants i la indústria del motor ha reaccionat integrant solucions tecnològiques que han fet evolucionar la configuració original del motor Diésel. A causa de raons principalment geopolítiques, el desenvolupament econòmic a nivell mundial no s'ha donat de manera homogènia, i en l'actualitat, existeix una disparitat global quant a les exigències en normativa d'emissions i la implementació de tecnologies per al seu control, sent aquestes afectades principalment pels seus costos. És en aquest context on s'emmarca aquesta tesi doctoral, que el seu objectiu principal és l'estudi de diferents estratègies d'injecció i de renovació de la càrrega com a eina de control d'emissions en motors d'encès per compressió, tenint en compte el cost de la seua integració. Se cerca poder definir els límits d'aquestes estratègies de baix cost, determinant així el seu potencial real en la futura normativa dels mercats emergents. Per a abordar dita objectiva, la tesi s'ha desenvolupat en tres etapes. En la primera, s'ha realitzat una aproximació teòric-experimental a les estratègies d'injecció mitjançant modelatge 3D-CFD i assajos paramètrics en motor que permeten establir com els paràmetres d'injecció responen a l'objectiu plantejat. En la segona etapa, s'han estudiat les estratègies de renovació de la càrrega. Primer des del modelatge 1D per a després la seua posterior avaluació mitjançant el seu assaig experimental en motor definint d'aquesta manera els avantatges i inconvenients de cada estratègia. En la tercera i última etapa, s'han combinat totes les estratègies prèviament estudiades des d'una aproximació experimental. D'aquesta manera es pot aconseguir l'objectiu de la tesi doctoral on s'ha comprovat la viabilitat d'aquestes estratègies de baix cost i s'ha determinat el seu vertader potencial com a eines de control de les emissions contaminants.
Nowadays, the transport industry is responsible for accomplish the world's logistics requirements. Fossil fuels continue to be the main source of energy for this industry, and the Diesel engine, one of the main technologies in the transformation of the chemical energy of these fuels into mechanical energy through combustion. Associated with this process of energy transformation, a set of undesired effects such as pollutant emissions or greenhouse gases have challenged the scientific community that has made significant research efforts aiming clean and efficient solutions. Added to the scientific community efforts, different governmental organizations have created regulations in order to control these pollutant emissions and the engine industry has reacted by integrating technological solutions that have evolved the original configuration of the Diesel engine. Due mainly to geopolitical reasons, economic development worldwide has not occurred in a homogeneous manner, and currently, there is a global disparity regarding the requirements in emission regulations and the implementation of technologies for their control, mainly driven by their costs. It is in this framework where is set this doctoral thesis, with the main objective to study different injection and air management strategies as a tool for emission control in compression ignition engines, taking into account the cost of their integration. The aim is to be able to define the limits of these low-cost strategies, thus determining their real potential in the future regulations of emerging markets. To address this objective, the thesis has been developed in three stages. In the first one, a theoretical-experimental approach to the injection strategies has been carried out using 3D-CFD modeling and parametric engine tests which allow us to establish how the injection parameters help to reach the depicted thesis objective. In the second stage, the air management strategies have been studied. First, from the 1D modeling point of view in order to select the best option for this platform, and later to proceed with the experimental validation of this selection. Through the described approach is possible defining the advantages and disadvantages of each air management strategy. In the third and final stage, all previously studied strategies have been combined from an experimental approach. In this way, the evaluation of these cost-effective strategies has been defined and the fully potential as a tool for emissions control has been determined thus the objective of the doctoral thesis could be achieved.
Estepa Ruiz, D. (2018). Study of different fuel injection and air management strategies as a tool for emissions control in a compression ignition engine (Diesel engine) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/113076
TESIS
15
Bernardinello, Martina. "Optimization of a high performance engine GDI Wet System and its control via virtual analysis and experimental tests." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24587/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis describes a combined 1-D numerical and experimental analysis of a GDI injection system.
The aim is to design the GDI injection system to have the minimum injection variability between injectors. This is possible analysing the rail pressure waves that affect the injections. Thanks to a MATLAB numerical code the results coming from a first calibration attempt were compared with experimental data to verify the reliability of the acquired results. They were calculated after specific tests made on the hydraulic test bench developed at Lamborghini. Different configurations were studied changing the system geometry, such as rail diameter, high pressure pipe length and inlet position inside the rail, flow-restrictor diameter at the end of high pressure pipe. Eight different configurations were analysed and the one that showed the lowest CoV of injection was proposed as a final design.
Then a 1-D numerical analysis of the GDI injection system was developed on the chosen configuration with the aim of predicting pressure waves propagation phenomena and the injected mass flow rate.
The focus of the 1-D analysis is to verify through the comparison between simulated values and experimental ones if the model predicts accurately the physics of the system, in order to use it on a wider range of operating points.
The following step consisted in controlling the GDI pump in MIL environment through a cosimulation between high pressure system model built in GT-ISE and control model made with Simulink. The high pressure control model was developed and validated. The aim was to have a closed loop control of the rail pressure using the same ECU control strategy. The main task of the control is to actuate the angle, respect to pump TDC, the MSV valve had to be closed to make the actual pressure follow the target one. The control model and the simulation in MIL environment are very useful since they help on the precalibration of ECU functions, reducing testing activities.
16
Ramos, Diego Berlezi. "Controlador nebuloso para motor de ignição por compressão operando com gás natural e óleo diesel." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A foreseeable shortage of petroleum, associated to a growing ecological conscience, demand for alternative sources of energy and more efficient and less pollutant combustion processes. Among the few pollutant fuels this work approaches the combination of natural gas, whose consumption has been increasing year to year, and
diesel. It is known that the internal combustion engines convert energy with low efficiency. Based on that, this
work evaluates a bi-fuel Diesel engine, power by Diesel and natural gas as means of improving its efficiency.
In the engine used as a prototype, the main energy comes from the combustion of natural gas. Being the gas the
main fuel, the Diesel is used only to generate the pilot explosion for the combustion process. In this way, the
diesel oil is partially substituted by natural gas, increasing the combustion efficiency. Initially it was made a study on the use of the natural gas in Diesel engine through a bibliographical revision. Therefore after, they were certain the parameters that should be monitored to develop an appropriate controller. It was verified that should be appraised the engine rotation and the injection angle. The performance aimed for the action of the loop control should be the rotation of the engine. The more appropriate control techniques were investigated for the management of the natural gas injection. When analyzing the traditional techniques it observed that they present some disadvantages as the mathematical complexity, difficulties in adapt the motor to the everchanging conditions of the motor with time/temperature, limitations in the grade of controller performance and complications for practical implementation on the part of non-specialized operators. To optimize the volume of natural gas supplied to the engine an electronic manager was developed for injection of this fuel. This electronic controller is based on an adaptive fuzzy algorithm to regulate the rate of injection of fuel, which was implemented through a microcontroller. The electronic injection system controls the timing of fuel injection, so managing the volume of gas supplied to each injection cycle. The injection angle is also accurately monitored by the control system. This topology, with few alterations, can be used in any Diesel engine operating in the bifuel mode. Results of this dissertation should contribute to increase the efficiency of Diesel engine as well as reduce the consumption of fuel and emission of pollutants.Uma previsível escassez de petróleo, aliada a uma crescente consciência ecológica, tem levado pesquisadores a procurar fontes alternativas de energia e processos de combustão mais eficientes e menos poluentes. Entre os combustíveis pouco poluentes este trabalho aborda o uso do gás natural, cujo consumo tem aumentado ano a ano. É sabido que os motores de combustão interna convertem energia com baixa eficiência. Com base nisto, este trabalho avalia um motor Diesel, bi-combustível, movido a Diesel e gás natural como forma de encontrar meios de melhorar sua eficiência. No motor usado como protótipo, nessa dissertação a energia origina-se da combustão do gás natural. Sendo o gás o combustível principal, o Diesel presta-se apenas à geração da chama piloto para o processo de combustão. Assim, substitui-se parcialmente o óleo Diesel por gás natural, aumentando o rendimento da combustão. Inicialmente procurou-se estudar o uso do gás natural em motores Diesel através de uma revisão bibliográfica. Em seguida, determinaram-se quais os parâmetros que seriam monitorados a fim de se desenvolver um controlador adequado. Verificou-se que deveriam ser avaliados a rotação do motor e o ângulo de injeção. A performance almejada para a ação da malha de controle deve ser a rotação do motor. Investigaram-se as técnicas de controle mais apropriadas para o gerenciamento da injeção de gás natural. Ao se analisarem as técnicas tradicionais observou-se que estas apresentam algumas desvantagens como a complexidade matemática, limitações na faixa de atuação do controlador, dificuldades de adaptação às condições do motor sempre variáveis com o tempo/temperatura e complicações para implementação prática por parte de operadores não-especializados. Para otimizar o volume de gás natural fornecido ao motor foi desenvolvido um gerenciador eletrônico para injeção deste combustível. Este controlador eletrônico baseia-se em um algoritmo nebuloso para regular a taxa de injeção de combustível implementado através de um microcontrolador. O sistema de injeção eletrônica controla o tempo de injeção do combustível, gerenciando assim o volume de gás fornecido a cada ciclo de injeção. O ângulo de injeção, também monitorado com precisão pelo sistema, é sincronizado com o eixo de comando de válvulas e, tomando-se como referência de posição angular o ponto morto superior do primeiro cilindro. Com poucas alterações, esta topologia, pode ser usada em qualquer motor Diesel que opere no regime bi-combustível. Os resultados desta dissertação devem contribuir para o aumento da eficiência do motor bem como redução do consumo de combustível e emissão de poluentes.
17
Kushari, Abhijit. "Study of an internally mixed liquid injector for active control of atomization process." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15928.
Повний текст джерела
18
Manero, Federico. "Cavity temperature measurement and control in thermoplastics injection moulding." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27241.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Injection moulding is one of the most important manufacturing processes in the plastic industry. The temperature distribution of the polymer, while it is inside the mould cavity, influences the properties of the product. The measurement and control of these temperature profiles can enhance the economy of the process and the part quality.A method to measure melt temperature inside the mould cavity was developed. It consists of an insert, located in the movable plate, that can place thermocouples at different positions. The depth of the thermocouple tip is adjusted manually. These sensors offer an attractive way to perform the measurements because of their easy calibration procedure. The temperature measurements were influenced by the thermocouple tip geometry.
Data were collected at different locations and depths of the mould cavity and the temperature profiles were analyzed. The temperature distribution depended on the wall temperature and the temperature of the polymer as it enters the cavity. The effect of different flow rates was also studied and it demonstrated to affect the temperature profiles.
A control algorithm was developed to control the average of the peak temperatures at three locations in the cavity. The manipulated variable was the coolant temperature and the process disturbance was the front barrel temperature. The transfer functions of the controlled variable with respect to the manipulated and disturbance variables were identified and modeled.
Finally two controllers were designed, tuned, simulated and implemented on the machine. The first is a static feedforward - feedback controller, and the second is a dynamic feedforward - feedback controller. The feedback loop was designed using an internal model control (IMC) algorithm. The static feedforward - feedback controller was found to have a better performance.
19
Gao, Furong. "The control of cavity pressure throughout the injection molding cycle." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41594.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The injection molding process, due to its versatility, cost effectiveness, and ability to produce intricate shapes to tight specifications, is widely used in plastics processing. Mold cavity pressure plays an important role in determining the quality of the molded articles. The dynamic behaviour and control of cavity pressure were studied in this research project. The work deals with all phases of the process: filling, packing, and cooling.A real-time data acquisition and computer control system has been developed to assist the implementation of advanced control techniques for injection molding machine operation. Modularity and extensibility were emphasised in its development.
The dynamics of cavity pressure during filling were investigated and found to be both non-linear and time-varying in relation to the hydraulic servo-valve opening which is the manipulated variable. A self-tuning control system was designed and tested for a wide range of conditions.
The transition of the filling-to-packing was found to be best detected by the derivative of the cavity pressure. The dynamics of cavity pressure during packing were studied and modelled similarly as for filling. The self-tuning technique was successfully extended into the packing phase.
Cavity pressure is essentially independent of the hydraulic servo-valve opening once the cavity gate freezes and the process enters the cooling phase. A cooling system was designed to provide quick manipulation of coolant temperature. Controlled pressure cooling time (CPCT) was proposed to represent the behaviour of cavity pressure during the cooling phase. Its dynamics in relation to coolant temperature were found to be best described as a first order system. A control system for CPCT was designed and successfully tested.
20
Anning, Grant Hugh Gary. "The Effect of Fuel Injector Geometry on the Flow Structure of a Swirl Stabilized Gas Turbine Burner." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1024672199.
Повний текст джерела
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Gomes, Vincent G. (Vincent Gracias). "The dynamics and control of melt temperature in thermoplastic injection molding /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65921.
Повний текст джерела
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Ruscitti, Gino. "The measurement and control of nozzle melt temperature in injection molding /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The temperature of the polymer melt plays an important role in injection molding, directly affecting the quality of the molded part.A new barrel, nozzle, and crew tip were constructed for an injection molding machine to allow the installation a Vanzetti infrared optical fiber temperature sensor and several exposed junction thermocouples. These sensors were compared for the measurement of polymer melt temperature.
Open loop pseudo-random binary sequence experiments were performed to obtain dynamic temperature models for nozzle melt temperature when the band heater power was varied. The open loop response of the nozzle melt temperature was found to be second order overdamped with a dead time.
Process control simulations were done with the PID, Dahlin, a second order modified Dahlin, and Smith predictor control algorithms in order to determine the optimum parameters for the controllers and to compare their responses. Experiments using the PID and the Dahlin controller were performed, with step changes in set points and disturbances introduced into the system.
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Gao, Furong. "Measurement, dynamics and control of the mold temperature of injection molding." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=62000.
Повний текст джерела
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Rafizadeh, Mehdi. "Physically-based dynamic model for the control of cavity pressure in thermoplastics injection molding." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34433.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The injection molding process, due to its versatility, cost effectiveness, and ability to produce precise complex articles is widely used in plastics processing. Mold cavity pressure is a good indicator of the processes taking place in the cavity and plays an important role in determining the quality of the molded articles. The dynamic modeling and control of cavity pressure, based on a physically-based approach, is studied in this research project. The work deals with the filling and packing phases.A lumped physically-based model was developed in order to study the behavior of the system. The model is derived from conservation laws and incorporates a physical understanding of the process. The whole system was divided into subsystems including the hydraulic system, ram-screw, barrel, and polymer delivery system. It was found necessary to account for polymer melt elasticity as well as non-Newtonian behavior of the polymer melt flow. Consideration of the growing solid skin in the polymer delivery system was found to be necessary.
The dynamics of the cavity pressure during the filling phase were investigated and found to be non-linear and time-varying in relation to the hydraulic servo-valve opening which is the manipulated variable. The dynamic behavior of the cavity pressure is approximated by piece-wise linearization of the non-linear governing equations to derive a transfer function using the physically-based model which is of fifth order. Adaptive PI, PID, and IMC controllers were designed and tested for the control of the cavity pressure. Various tuning techniques, along with changes in set-point, were used to determine conservative settings for the PI and PID controllers.
A similar approach was used to study the dynamics of the cavity pressure during the packing phase. A sixth order transfer function, with piece-wise linearization, was derived to approximate the non-linear and time-varying behavior of the cavity pressure during packing. The adaptive PI, PID, and IMC controllers were successfully applied into the packing phase. The transition of the filling-to-packing was selected to be detected by the derivative of the cavity pressure and adaptive controllers were successfully used for this phase.
Two commonly used injection molding grade thermoplastics, polyethylene and polystyrene, were used in experimental part of this work for model validation and controller testing.
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Abu, Fara Dib I. "Control of nozzle and cavity pressure during filling and packing in thermoplastics injection molding." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75857.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thermoplastics injection molding involves plastication followed by the injection of the melt into a cold cavity. Packing is employed to compensate for shrinkage due to cooling. Ultimately, the solidified part is ejected from the mold without damage. The successful operation of an injection molding machine requires control of the process variables during each of the consecutive stages in addition to correctly identifying the points of transition from one stage to the next.Pressure and its variation during the injection molding cycle play an important role with regard to productivity, product quality, and product reproducibility. From the practical point of view, it is necessary to consider simultaneously hydraulic pressure, nozzle pressure, and the distribution of pressure in the cavity. Control of each phase of the injection molding process is best achieved by controlling one or a combination of the above pressure parameters. The present work describes a comprehensive study of the dynamics and control of pressure during each stage of the injection molding cycle.
Deterministic models were obtained for cavity gate pressure during the filling and packing stages. Dynamic model predictions were in good agreement with experimental data. The response of cavity gate pressure exhibited nonlinear behavior which was investigated and rectified by a gain scheduling control strategy. Stochastic models were obtained for cavity gate pressure response in the filling stage for the purpose of comparison and future design of more advanced control algorithms
The dynamic models were employed to design and evaluate control schemes for the injection molding cycle. Nozzle and cavity pressures were used in conjunction with PI, PID and Dahlin controllers. The hydraulic system of the injection molding machine was redesigned to incorporate two servovalves in order to achieve control over the cavity pressuretime profile during the packing stage as well as over peak cavity and hold pressures. The control loops were designed through a simulation study which also gave good indications of system limitations.
On the basis of this study, very good and reliable integrated control over the filling, packing, and holding stages was achieved by a general control scheme which allows the transfer of control from one variable to another during the various stages of the process.
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Milhor, Carlos Eduardo. "Sistema de desenvolvimento para controle eletrônico dos motores de combustão interna ciclo Otto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-12032003-092253/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O sistema de gerenciamento dos motores automotivos tem se tornado um avançado sistema de controle. Seu objetivo é fazer com que o nível de emissões de gases poluentes gerados esteja dentro dos padrões exigidos pela legislação de cada país e ao mesmo tempo manter os níveis de desempenho e dirigibilidade. Apresenta as principais características de um típico sistema de gerenciamento de motores a combustão interna, descreve os modos de controle e aponta tendências futuras. Descreve o sistema de controle desenvolvido, o qual servirá de ferramenta de pesquisa para trabalhos que envolvam o estudo de técnicas de controle aplicadas neste contexto e pesquisas envolvendo otimização do rendimento dos motores automotivosThe automotive engine management system has become an advanced control system. Its objective is to maintain the pollutants gas emissions according to legislations and to maintain the performance and driveability, at the same time. It presents the main features of a tipical internal combustion engine management system, it describes the control modes and it point out the future tendencies. It describes the control system developed, which one will be usefull as a tool for research involving control applied in this context and engine automotive efficiency optimization researchs
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Varela, Alfredo E. (Alfredo Enrique). "Estimation and control of part weight and relevant process parameters in injection molding of amorphous thermoplastics." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40273.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Injection molding is a cyclic process used for the fabrication of thermosetting and thermoplastic articles. The thermoplastic polymer is melted and injected into the cavity, where it is molded under pressure and ejected after solidification. The amount of polymer mass contained in the cavity is the part weight. The control of part weight is important to ensure quality injection molded parts. The part weight is determined by the state of the polymer at the time the cavity gate freezes. The bulk temperature and the peak cavity pressure at the gate are used to characterize this state.Measuring internal polymer temperature profiles in the injection mold cavity during molding is extremely difficult. This work presents a method which combines measurements of cavity surface temperatures, cavity pressure, and on-line calculations for estimating temperature profiles inside the cavity. These profiles are then used to estimate the bulk polymer temperature. Fitting the cycle-to-cycle values of bulk polymer temperature and peak pressure to a Tait equation of state yields a model to predict part weights.
The part weight is controlled through the use of a control strategy for the cavity pressure and the part weight model, together with the on-line estimation of the bulk temperature. A self-tuning algorithm with an observer is employed for controlling the cavity pressure time profile to a set point trajectory. The dynamics and control of the bulk temperature are also studied.
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Flett, Matthew Alexander. "Subsurface re-injection of carbon dioxide for greenhouse gas control: influence of formation heterogeneity on reservoir performance." Curtin University of Technology, Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18597.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) into saline formations for the purpose of limiting greenhouse gas emissions has been proposed as an alternative to the atmospheric venting of carbon dioxide. In the evaluation process for selecting a potential target saline formation for the disposal of carbon dioxide, flow characterisation of the disposed plume should be undertaken by reservoir simulation of the target formation. The movement of injected carbon dioxide in the saline formation is influenced by many factors including the physics of carbon dioxide at deep formation depths and pressure, physical interactions with formation rock and pore water and variations in the rock flow pathways through changes in formation heterogeneity. This thesis investigates the roles of physical interactions on the disposal of carbon dioxide and the ability to contain the injected gas through evaluation of trapping mechanisms such as dissolution of CO2 in formation water and residual gas trapping through the process of gas-water relative permeability hysteresis. Variable formation heterogeneity is evaluated for its impact on the migration of injected CO2 plume movement and the role of formation heterogeneity in impeding or accelerating the immobilisation of injected carbon dioxide. Multiple reservoir simulation studies were conducted to evaluate, initially, the role of different trapping mechanisms in immobilising the movement of injected carbon dioxide and subsequently, the role of variations in formation rock in the migration and trapping of and injected plume of carbon dioxide. The major simulation study shows that the selection process for identifying appropriate saline formations should not only consider their size and permeability but should also consider their degree of heterogeneity endemic to the formation.A set of reservoir performance metrics were developed for the CO2 disposal projects. The metrics were applied to compare plume migration of injected CO2 (both vertically and laterally) and containment (through dissolution and residual phase trapping) in these studies. The findings demonstrate how formation heterogeneity has a significant impact on the subsurface behaviour of the carbon dioxide. Formation dip influences the rate of migration, with low formation dipping reservoirs having slower rates of vertical migration. Increasing the tortuousity of the migration flow path by either increasing the shale (non-reservoir) content or lengthening the shale baffles in the formation (corresponding to a gradual decrease in reservoir quality), can progressively inhibit the vertical flow of the plume whilst promoting its lateral flow. The increase in the tortuosity of the CO2 migration pathway delays the migration of CO2 and increases the residence time for the CO2 in the formation. Thus, formation heterogeneity impedes the onset of residual gas trapping through hysteresis effects. Ultimately less carbon dioxide is likely to collect under the seal in heterogeneous formations due to increased reservoir contact and long residence times, thereby reducing the risk of seepage to overlying formations.
Given sufficient permeability for economic injection of CO2, then low to mid net-to-gross heterogeneous saline formations with low formation dip and lengthy intra-bedded shales are desirable for selection for the geological disposal of CO2. Detailed reservoir characterisation of any potential geological disposal saline formations is required in order to accurately predict the range of outcomes in the long term flow characterisation of injected CO2 into those formations.
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Захаров, Костянтин Володимирович, та Konstantin Vladimirovich Zakharov. "Проект дільниці ремонтного цеху для технічного обслуговування та ремонту системи керування двигуном Simtec 71 автомобіля Opel Vectra з дослідженням конструктивних, функціональних та експлуатаційних властивостей системи електронного керування акселерометром". Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2020. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/33541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Роботу виконано на кафедрі автомобілів Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя Міністерства освіти і науки України. Захист відбудеться 21 грудня 2020 р. о 12:30 годині на засіданні екзаменаційної комісії № 10 у Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м. Тернопіль, вул. Текстильна, 28, навчальний корпус № 9, ауд. 106.В кваліфікаційній роботі розроблено технологію технічного обслуговування та ремонту системи керування двигуном Simtec 71 автомобіля Opel Vectra, а також досліджено конструктивні, функціональні та експлуатаційні властивості системи електронного керування акселерометром.
The qualification work developed the technology of maintenance and repair of the engine control system Simtec 71 car Opel Vectra, as well as investigated the design, functional and operational properties of the electronic control system accelerometer.
РEФEРAТ...6 ВCТУП...7 1 ЗAГAЛЬНО-ТEXНIЧНИЙ РОЗДIЛ...8 1.1 Характеристика автомобіля Opel Vectra...8 1.2 Призначення системи керування двигуном Simtec 71...10 2 ТEXНОЛОГIЧНИЙ РОЗДIЛ...11 2.1 Особливості побудови та функціонування системи керування автомобіля Opel Vectra...11 2.2 Розпізнавання пропусків запалювання...15 2.3 Діагностика роботи каталізатора...18 2.4 Діагностика роботи лямбда-зондів...21 2.5 Діагностика вентиляції бака...25 2.6 Діагностика системи впуску додаткового повітря...27 2.7 Діагностика паливної системи...28 2.8 Корекція регулювання паливно-повітряної суміші...31 3 КОНCТРУКТОРCЬКИЙ РОЗДIЛ...35 3.1 Аналіз існуючого устаткування для діагностики компонентів комплексної системи керування ДВЗ...35 3.2 Сканер напівпрофесійного обладнання для діагностики...40 3.3 Електричний розрахунок електронного ключа...42 4 НAУКОВО-ДОCЛIДНИЙ РОЗДIЛ...44 4.1 Аналіз особливості конструкції СЕКА...44 4.2 Дослідження робочого процесу системи електронного керування акселератором...45 4.3 Алгоритм діагностики операції та здійснення формування технічної документації...49 5 ОXОРОНA ПРAЦI ТA БEЗПEКA В НAДЗВИЧAЙНИX CИТУAЦIЯX...50 5.1 Охорна праці на дільниці діагностики...50 5.2 Техніка безпеки на дільниці діагностики...52 5.3 Розрахунок занулення...55 ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ ЩОДО КВАЛІФІКАЦІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ...62 БІБЛІОГРАФІЯ...63 ДОДAТКИ
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Пипко, Юрій Ігорович, та Yurij Igorovich Pypko. "Проект дільниці ремонтного цеху для технічного обслуговування та ремонту системи живлення дизельного двигуна автомобіля MAN TGL з дослідженням теплового балансу, індикаторних та ефективних показників роботи двигуна на дизельному паливі і біопаливі". Master's thesis, ТНТУ, ФМТ, кафедра автомобілів, Тернопіль, Україна, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/36878.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
В кваліфікаційній роботі розроблено дільницю ремонтного цеху для технічного обслуговування та ремонту системи живлення дизельного двигуна автомобіля MAN TGL з дослідженням теплового балансу, індикаторних та ефективних показників роботи двигуна на дизельному паливі і біопаливі.Іn this graduation thesis of the repair shop section for maintenance and repair of the diesel engine power supply system of the MAN TGL car with research of thermal balance, indicator and effective indicators of operation of the engine on diesel fuel and biofuel.
РEФEРAТ. ВCТУП. 1 ЗAГAЛЬНО-ТEXНIЧНИЙ РОЗДIЛ. 1.1 Характеристика підприємства та його структура. 1.2 Режим роботи, режим праці і відпочинку працюючих. 1.3 Критичні фактори успіху підприємства, потенційні проблеми та ризики. 1.4 Робота по розвитку підприємства. 1.5 Характеристика дільниці. Недоліки в організації роботи дільниці та пропозиції щодо реконструкції. 1.6 Загальні відомості і технічна характеристика автомобіля MAN. 1.7 Common Rail - загальний принцип роботи. 2 ТEXНОЛОГIЧНИЙ РОЗДIЛ. 2.1 Будова основних елементів системи Common Rail. 2.2 Зняття і встановлення паливних форсунок. 2.3 Перевірка форсунки дизельного ДВЗ. 2.4 Визначення норм часу на ремонт елементів системи живлення. 3 КОНCТРУКТОРCЬКИЙ РОЗДIЛ. 3.1 Опис пристосування, що пропонується для використання при виконанні технологічного процесу. 3.2 Використання стенда. 3.3 Перевірка форсунок BOSH (соленоїдного типу). 3.3.1 Перевірка форсунок. Перевірка відкриття форсунок на низькому тиску. 3.3.2 Перевірка шумності сопла електромагнітної форсунки. 3.3.3 Величина продуктивності подачі суміші прямого і зворотного потоку. 3.3.4 Перевірка розпилення форсунок. 3.3.5 Перевірка насоса Common Rail. 3.4 Використання ультразвукової ванни. 3.5 Прилад для перевірки електромагнітних і п'єзоелектричних дизельних форсунок «Пульсар-дизель CR». 4 НAУКОВО-ДОCЛIДНИЙ РОЗДIЛ. 4.1 Аналіз показників та характеристик дизельного палива і рослинного масла для застосування в паливній системі. 4.2 Дослідження теплових характеристик та розрахунок двигуна при застосуванні альтернативного та дизельного палива. 4.3 Індикаторні показники роботи двигуна. 4.4 Ефективні показники роботи двигуна. 4.5 Дослідження теплового балансу двигуна. 4.6 Дослідження конструктивних особливостей та характеристик нагрівача біопалива в системі вприску двигуна. 4.7 Дослідження та розрахунок основних параметрів теплопередаючого елемента в нагрівачі системи вприску палива. 5 ОXОРОНA ПРAЦI ТA БEЗПEКA В НAДЗВИЧAЙНИX CИТУAЦIЯX. 5.1 Характеристика дільниці з точки зору охорони праці та заходи по покращенню умов праці. 5.2 Навчання з питань охорони праці…. 5.3 Розрахунок штучного освітлення моторної дільниці. ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ ЩОДО МАГІСТЕРСЬКОЇ РОБОТИ. БІБЛІОГРАФІЯ. ДОДAТКИ.
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Качмарський, Дмитро Ігорович, та Dmytro Ihorovych Kachmarsky. "Проект дільниці ремонтного цеху для технічного обслуговування та ремонту системи керування двигуном автомобіля Skoda Octavia з дослідженням ефективних характеристик та побудовою дослідної установки". Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2020. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/33545.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Роботу виконано на кафедрі автомобілів Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя Міністерства освіти і науки України. Захист відбудеться 22 грудня 2020 р. о 10:00 годині на засіданні екзаменаційної комісії № 10 у Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м. Тернопіль, вул. Текстильна, 28, навчальний корпус № 9, ауд. 106.В кваліфікаційній роботі розроблено технологію технічного обслуговування та ремонту системи керування двигуном автомобіля Skoda Octavia, а також досліджено ефективні характеристики та побудову дослідної установки.
The qualification work developed the technology of maintenance and repair of the engine control system of the car Skoda Octavia, as well as the effective characteristics and construction of the experimental installation.
РEФEРAТ...6 ВCТУП...7 1 ЗAГAЛЬНО-ТEXНIЧНИЙ РОЗДIЛ...8 1.1 Характеристика автомобіля Škoda Octavia III...8 1.2 Будова і принцип роботи комплексної системи керування двигуном автомобіля Škoda Octavia III...12 2 ТEXНОЛОГIЧНИЙ РОЗДIЛ...16 2.1 Функціонування системи керування двигуном...16 2.2 Перевірка системи вприску та тиску в паливній системі...18 2.3 Перевірка продуктивності паливного насоса...19 2.4 Перевірка форсунок...20 2.5 Технічне обслуговування системи вприску палива ...22 2.5.1 Заміна паливного фільтра...22 2.5.2 Очистка системи вприску палива...24 2.6 Аналіз використання обладнання для діагностики ЕСК ДВЗ...26 2.7 Розробка технологічного процесу проведення робіт на дільниці...30 2.8 Технологічний процес та вибір обладнання для промивки системи вприску Призначення і характеристики...32 3 КОНCТРУКТОРCЬКИЙ РОЗДIЛ...36 3.1 Аналіз існуючих пристроїв для перевірки комплексних систем керування двигуном...36 3.2 Аналіз пристосування для запресовки фільтра форсунки...39 3.3 Стенд для ультразвукової очистки перевірки форсунок та виконувані на ньому операції...40 4 НAУКОВО-ДОCЛIДНИЙ РОЗДIЛ...53 4.1 Аналіз процесів дослідження...53 4.2 Опис будови та принципу роботи дослідної установки...55 5 ОXОРОНA ПРAЦI ТA БEЗПEКA В НAДЗВИЧAЙНИX CИТУAЦIЯX...59 5.1 Оцінка виникнення аварій і травм в процесі діагностування та ремонту бензинових двигунів з електронними системами керування...59 5.2 Основні вимоги пожежної безпеки...61 5.3 Техніка безпеки на дільниці та при експлуатації стенду ...62 5.4 Розрахунок штучного освітлення...63 ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ ...66 БІБЛІОГРАФІЯ...67 ДОДAТКИ
32
Grasreiner, Sebastian. "Combustion modeling for virtual SI engine calibration with the help of 0D/3D methods." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-90518.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spark ignited engines are still important for conventional as well as for hybrid power trains and are thus objective to optimization. Today a lot of functionalities arise from software solutions, which have to be calibrated. Modern engine technologies provide an extensive variability considering their valve train, fuel injection and load control. Thus, calibration efforts are really high and shall be reduced by introduction of virtual methods. In this work a physical 0D combustion model is set up, which can cope with a new generation of spark ignition engines. Therefore, at first cylinder thermodynamics are modeled and validated in the whole engine map with the help of a real-time capable approach. Afterwards an up to date turbulence model is introduced, which is based on a quasi-dimensional k-epsilon-approach and can cope with turbulence production from large scale shearing. A simplified model for ignition delay is implemented which emphasizes the transfer from laminar to turbulent flame propagation after ignition. The modeling is completed with the calculation of overall heat release rates in a 0D entrainment approach with the help of turbulent flame velocities. After validation of all sub-models, the 0D combustion prediction is used in combination with a 1D gas exchange analysis to virtually calibrate the modern engine torque structure and the ECU function for exhaust gas temperature with extensive simulationsModerne Ottomotoren spielen heute sowohl in konventionellen als auch hybriden Fahrzeugantrieben eine große Rolle. Aktuelle Konzepte sind hochvariabel bezüglich Ventilsteuerung, Kraftstoffeinspritzung und Laststeuerung und ihre Optimierungspotentiale erwachsen zumeist aus neuen Softwarefunktionen. Deren Applikation ist zeit- und kostenintensiv und soll durch virtuelle Methoden unterstützt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein physikalisches 0D Verbrennungsmodell für Ottomotoren aufgebaut und bis zur praktischen Anwendung geführt. Dafür wurde zuerst die Thermodynamik echtzeitfähig modelliert und im gesamten Motorenkennfeld abgeglichen. Der Aufbau eines neuen Turbulenzmodells auf Basis der quasidimensionalen k-epsilon-Gleichung ermöglicht anschließend, die veränderlichen Einflüsse globaler Ladungsbewegung auf die Turbulenz abzubilden. Für den Brennverzug wurde ein vereinfachtes Modell abgeleitet, welches den Übergang von laminarer zu turbulenter Flammenausbreitung nach der Zündung in den Vordergrund stellt. Der restliche Brennverlauf wird durch die physikalische Ermittlung der turbulenten Brenngeschwindigkeit in einem 0D Entrainment-Ansatz dargestellt. Nach Validierung aller Teilmodelle erfolgt die virtuelle Bedatung der Momentenstruktur und der Abgastemperaturfunktion für das Motorsteuergerät
33
Kan, Hung-Chi, and 甘宏基. "Lean Air/Fuel Mixture Control for Fuel Injection Engine of Motorcycles." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yk932d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士崑山科技大學
機械工程研究所
96
In motorcycle, the air/fuel mixture ratio is controlled around the stoichiometric value of 14.7 to improve the conversion efficiency of the catalytic converter and reduce the contained exhaust gas. But in such stoichiometric operation the fuel consumption of the motorcycles will be higher. So far the motorcycles in Taiwan are already equipped with the secondary air device to increase the quantity of oxygen in the exhaust gas to raise the efficiency of the catalytic converter (oxidation catalyst). This project proposes the concept of lean air/fuel mixture to reduce the fuel consumption of motorcycles. At the same time, the conversion efficiency of the catalytic converter will not be affected by the lean air/fuel mixture. Under the conditions of low-speed and medium-speed driving, the lean air/fuel mixture can reduce the fuel consumption and maintain the conversion efficiency and life of catalytic converters. Under the high-speed driving, the secondary air device doesn’t work due to the positive pressure in the pipeline, the efficiency of the catalytic converter will be lower. Controlling the lean air/fuel mixture can increase the quantity of oxygen in the exhaust gas can increase the efficiency of the catalytic converter and reduce the contained exhaust gas under high-speed driving condition. The project will do the following steps. First, the ideal air/fuel mixture control technique will be built. By using the feedforward control and feedback control strategies, the air/fuel mixture ratio will be controlled around 14.7. Next, modify the feedforward control and feedback control strategies to get higher air/fuel ratio to reduce fuel consumption. In order to arrive this target of lean air/fuel mixture, correct air/fuel ratio estimator must be developed under the condition of just using Oxygen sensor for feedback signal of air/fuel ratio. After the lean air/fuel mixture control strategies and air/fuel estimator are developed, they will be validated by experiment data on the test rig in the lab of KSU.
34
Tsen, Chung-Chih, and 曾中志. "Control Strategy Development for Engine Fuel Injection and Ignition." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24587495232275291351.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士華梵大學
機電工程研究所
91
The object of this thesis is to study fuel injection and spark ignition dynamics of electronically-controlled fuel-injection-ignition four-stroke motorcycle engines based upon experimental data and basic theories. A relevant engine dynamics control model with a graphic user interface (GUI) is established in the MatLab/Simulink environment based upon internal combustion engine working principles. The goal of this research is to verify and implement 125 c.c. motorcycle engine control algorithms, which are implemented using the developed engine torque model in this thesis. Theoretic engine torque model is also established to cooperate with manifold air model and fuel injection dynamics as to accomplish an overall four-stroke motorcycle engine simulation model. As to develop the engine dynamic model, geometric dimensions of the target engine are exactly employed and basic air dynamics theories are implemented to describe air flow dynamics inside the manifold, and experimental data are analyzed to furnish the relations between fuel injection amounts versus trigger pulses. Finally, a complete engine dynamics simulation model is obtained using the implemented theoretic principles as well as experimental data. Furthermore, PID and fuzzy controllers are also developed in this thesis for effectively control the throttle valve openings based upon feedback engine speed, air/fuel ratio, and throttle opening at the output of the developed simulation model simultaneously. The developed PID and fuzzy control algorithms are verified to effectively control the engine operations in a constant-speed mode under vary load or adjusted speed requirements.
35
Pai-Yi, Hsiao, and 蕭百益. "Research on the Fuel Injection Control for a Motorcycle's Engine." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44116526656817462265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士崑山科技大學
機械工程研究所
94
The objectives of this research are to improve fuel injection time control for motorcycle engine, and to develop the simulation for fuel control system and experiment apparatus using Motorola MC68376 chip. The established simulation software containing control footwork is compiled to code and download to chip. It was then used to improve the exhaust problem by controlling ideal air/fuel ratio (i.e., 14.7:1). Efficiency of the improvement was confirmed by data measuring using experiment apparatus. The approach in this study employed KYMCO 125c.c engine as the experimental model. First, two closed-looped simulations with oxygen sensor were written in MATLAB and Simulink. This design aimed to assess the improvement the closed-looped simulation systems have on control, comparing to traditional open-looped simulation systems. To test the simulations experimentally, the Motorola MC68376 single chip together with MC68376 Blockset built by The MathWorks’s Simulink software was used to control the movement of the fuel injector. In addition, engine speed RPM and air-flow in manifold were measured to establish a Look-up Table for relative fuel injection volume (ml/1000=μl). In conjunction with a manually written fuel injection algorithm, the Look-up Table was used to control by MC68376 controlled fuel injector. Finally, experiment apparatus was employed to assess overall exhaust improvement. Data samples were collected from Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and MC68376 (in placed of ECU) controlled-loops. The addition of control footwork was compared to evaluate whether the experiment designs proposed in this study indeed contribute to exhaust improvement.
36
Ching, Yang Bo, and 楊柏鈞. "Study of Fuel Economic Environmental Injection Control Strategy for Multi-Cylinder SI Engines." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58068387077557107846.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士大葉大學
機械與自動化工程學系
97
The subject of this research is to design and make the forward first-order fuel injection compensating controller. The object-oriented dynamical simulation programs were integrated to establish the SI engine fuel injection system performance evaluation methodology. The amount of fuel injected is controlled by the PI controller which combined the forward first-order compensating controller output, so that the specified Air-Fuel ratio (A/F) goal can be maintained. The effects on engine of fuel injection quantity and its timing from the developed controller output were simulated so that engine A/F can be maintained within the specified range. For lowering the engine fuel consumption and emission, this compensating controller gave better performance even under different operating conditions. This study also developed an adaptive forward first-order fuel injection controller, by using forward voltage signal from the throttle position sensor to the controller to adjust the fuel injection duration from the fuel injection system to control the engine A/F. This forward feedback compensating controller also integrated with the original feedback oxygen sensor signal to modify the PI control parameters in a closed-loop form. The A/F ratio predicting module for SI engine established in this research help the related fuel injection controller designer to compare effects from the different set-up fuel injection maps on engine performance. The fuel controller parameters were implemented then into the hardware to realize the fuel injection controller for this specific SI engine. Three different engine operating conditions at different constant-speed, throttle step response were being tested. Results of simulation and the corresponding actual engine experiment data of A/F from fuel controller hardware outputs were compared. The new developed fuel compensator gave better performance in A/F in the specified range while keep the engine output torque still maintained as the original baseline engine values
37
Lun, Suen Wei, and 孫尉倫. "Study of Fuzzy Control Fuel Injection on High-Pressure Common-Rail Diesel Engine." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68066856072098602187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士大葉大學
機械與自動化工程學系
102
The objective of this study is fuzzy control of fuel injection timing and injection pressure corresponding torque and emission for a multi-cylinder four-stroke direct injection common rail diesel engine. From torque and emission experimental data, relationship between emissions, performance and fuel injection are correlated to establish better fuzzy control rules. Experimental data of fuel injection parameters on performance, were simulated to find relations and their effects were analyzed, fuzzy control rules were set to adjust output injection timing and injection pressure. The fuzzy logic controller inputs including emissions of nitrogen oxides, smoke and torque and outputs are injection timing and injection pressure. Simulation of fuzzy control study based on three different membership functions: Trapezoid function(Trapmf), Gaussian function(Gaussmf), and Triangular (Trimf). They were compared with the optimized results from experimental design to find their relative errors. Further experimental test results were used to compare and validate which model of the fuzzy control strategy is better. The different results of fuzzy fuel injection control under various operating conditions were compared to find the system relative error and accuracy. Using fuzzy control simulation, one can quickly adjust the engine fuel injection system parameters. Engine fuzzy logic control method established in this study can provide later high-pressure common rail diesel injection engine fuel injection system controller research and development reference.
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Chuang, Hsing-Fu, and 莊幸富. "Study on Rapid Prototyping ECU of a SI Engine with Ignition and Fuel Injection Control." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41155296085995109819.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系碩士班
91
The purpose of this thesis primarily is to create a four-stroke single cylinder S.I. motorcycle engine model and apply of rapid prototyping ECU to fuel injection and ignition control of EFI system by using Model-Based environment. In this engine model, the filling and empting model is used to calculate the total mass flow rate of air. The air dynamic model consists of throttle body and intake manifold dynamic subsystems, and the torque function is used to calculate engine torque and friction loss for engine torque model. In addition to, the influence of spark advance and air-fuel ratio on engine torque is considered in this model. A systematic architecture of fuel injection control by using Motorola MC68376 32-bit will be utilized as a master controller, and furthermore the 125 cc. commercial four-stroke single cylinder engine is modified from carburetor to fuel injection system. The ECU is used to determine the control strategies of ignition and fuel injection with both the aims of lower fuel consumption and emissions and better engine performance. In control strategy of ECU, the MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow Model-Based environment is an efficient development platform for power system. These came from the benefits of (1) System Level Design Environment, (2) Real-Time Simulation, and (3) Model to Chip Technology during ECU development process. Therefore, this thesis uses these advantages to study on rapid prototyping ECU of a S.I. engine both fuel injection and ignition control, and support an embedded control system technology, then achieve the rapid prototyping goals.
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Li, Zhi Wei, and 李志偉. "Development of Fuel Injection System with Feedback Control for Single Cylinder 4-Shoke Gasline Engine." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89608126981097457323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士大葉大學
機電自動化研究所碩士班
95
The purpose of this research is to develop an electric injection control system for a single cylinder engine with active control. To the essence of HONDA 25CC four-stroke single cylinder engine, it has been converted into an electric injection engine. The intake manifold with addition of TPS sensors is replaced by the fuel injection system. We installed several sensors in the engine for the purpose of monitoring and feedback control. The closed loop control has been achieved by fed back the signal from LSU. Then the fuel injection controller was fine tuned according to the standard of vehicular pollution. The approach of this research is to use 8051chips as fuel injection system ECU. To the essence of HONDA GX-25 OHC, we modified the intake system and designed a special-purpose computer to control the fuel supply to the engine. Based on the sensed values of engine RPM, TPS Sensor and wide range O2 sensor which are the control parameters, we designed and fabricated engine ECU in order to improve and to increase horsepower and torsion of the engine. Based on a pre-planned driving schedule, we constructed an optimum fuel injection control map for the best power performance as well as the most effective air-fuel ratio. Also, we build database by optimizing injection block, fuel injection advancing angle, and ignition advancing angle. The signals of bent axle and camshaft are used to find the corresponding compression and TDC values. Finally, we program the active engine control system using C language. Based on the pre-planned driving schedule, the optimization fuel injection advancing angle, fuel injection block, and ignition advancing angle are calculated. Then fuel is injected into the engine and ignited according to intake and TDC conditions. By feedback of engine RPM and TPS, the injection block and advancing angle are determined from the database. The mechanism for air pollution control is that the LSU signal is fed back to fine turn the block of the fuel injection, and it was also the last measure to reduce air pollution. The purpose is to improve the deficiency of the commercial motorcycles of which the air-fuel ratio can not be determined. We made the special-purpose EFI computer to support fuel, and built injection control with optimization horsepower and effective air-fuel ratio. By using ECU active control and dynamical system testing machine, our experimental result can reach the environmental protection standard.
40
Chen, Ying-peng, and 陳英鵬. "The Effects of Electronic Fuel Injection Control on the Motorcycle Gasoline Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02965822629507482722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
91
This research is done against a KIMCO APEX 125 cc single cylinder water-cooled carburetor motorcycle gasoline engine. The original carburetor engine is first set up to measure its cylinder pressure, engine torque output, air/fuel ratio, intake manifold pressure, intake/exhaust valves open/close angles, and the engine exhaust emissions in order to characterize the engine’s performance before modification. The second stage of this research uses the electronic fuel injection (EFI) system to replace the carburetor system. In the same time, the engine speed and throttle opening position (TPS) is accompanied with the variable injected fuel quantity in order to change the engine’s air/fuel stoichiometric coefficient (f). The system set up includes the EFI controller, the cylinder pressure measurement system, the multi-functional data acquisition unit, and the LabView Icon figure software is coded to present the engine’s cylinder pressure and exhaust emissions data. The EFI engine output and emissions characteristics are then studied and analyzed under various engine operation conditions. The experimental measurement of engine output under various engine operation mode is organized in a 3D Map. Results show that the EFI system improve the engine power output by 10~15%, BSFC by 10~30%, HC and Co emissions by 40~80%. The research gives the motorcycle manufacture factory an insight of future engine design philosophy
41
Marriott, Craig David. "An experimental investigation of direct injection for homogeneous and fuel-stratified charge compression ignited combustion timing control." 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47207299.html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2001.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 208-211).
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Tomaselli, Michele. "Theoretical and experimental study on a mechatronic speed variator device for HD Fuel-Injection-Common Rail Pump." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11589/224905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Da un punto di vista storico, la diffusione e il grande successo dei motori diesel sono dovuti all'introduzione del Common Rail System (CRS). Questo sistema di iniezione ha consentito un preciso dosaggio del carburante attraverso gli niettori agendo sui tempi di iniezione e regolando la pressione common rail. Inoltre, la capacità di controllare la pressione di iniezione ha permesso di eseguire più iniezioni, che è il punto cruciale per il moderno motore diesel per ridurre le emissioni inquinanti.
L'evoluzione del CRS nel tempo è principalmente legata al metodo utilizzato per controllare la pressione del common rail. Inizialmente, la regolazione della pressione common rail veniva eseguita dalla cosiddetta Pressure Control Valve (PCV). Questa valvola veniva montata direttamente sul common rail o, equivalentemente, in uscita alla pompa di alta pressione. Questa topologia garantisce una regolazione rapida e precisa della pressione, scaricando il carburante in eccesso nel serbatoio. L'inconveniente principale di questo approccio è rappresentato dalle fluttuazioni di pressione dovute al funzionamento della valvola, che agiscono da disturbo sul funzionamento degli iniettori. Inoltre, il ricircolo del flusso compresso al serbatoio provoca dissipazione di energia e riscaldamento indesiderato nel serbatoio del carburante.
Per ovviare agli svantaggi della PCV, nel moderno CRS è stata introdotta una Fuel Metering Unit (FMU), che consiste in una valvola montata sulla pompa ad alta pressione per regolarne il flusso in ingresso e quindi controllare la pressione common rail. Questo tipo di regolazione riduce la dissipazione di energia perché la quantità di carburante compresso dalla pompa è esattamente la quantità impostata dalla Engine Control Unit (ECU) per ottenere il corretto rapporto aria / carburante.
La nuova topologia di CRS proposta in questo lavoro, che è ancora in fase di sviluppo, introduce una trasmissione a variazione continua (CVT) tra il motore e la pompa ad alta pressione al posto del tradizionale giunto a ingranaggi. Consente la regolazione della velocità della pompa in base alla pressione common rail richiesta e al flusso di iniezione richiesto, riducendo così le perdite meccaniche nella pompa ad alta pressione.
In questo lavoro, riassumiamo i principali risultati ottenuti studiando l'efficacia di questo nuovo approccio. In particolare, presentiamo la strategia di controllo per un CRS completo dotato di una trasmissione a variazione continua, che è stata validata in simulazione, e un proof of concept sviluppato su una versione semplificata del sistema.From a historical point of view, the diffusion and the great success of diesel engines were induced by the introduction of the Common-Rail System (CRS). This injection system enabled precise metering of the fuel through the injector nozzles by acting on injection timings and by regulating the common-rail pressure. Moreover, the ability to control the injection pressure made it possible to perform multiple injections, which is the crucial point for the modern diesel engine to reduce pollutant emissions. The evolution of the CRS over time is mostly related to the method used to control the rail pressure. Initially, the common-rail pressure regulation was performed by the so-called Pressure control valve (PCV). This valve was mounted directly on the common-rail or, equivalently, on the outlet port of the pump. This topology ensures a fast and precise regulation of the pressure by discharging the fuel in excess to the tank. The main drawback of this approach is represented by the pressure fluctuations due to the valve functioning, which acts as disturbances on the operation of the injectors. Furthermore, the recirculation of the compressed flow to the tank causes energy dissipation and undesired heating in the fuel tank. To overcome the disadvantages of the PCV, in the modern CRS was introduced a Fuel Metering Unit (FMU), which consists of a valve mounted on the high-pressure pump to adjusts its inlet flow and thus control the common-rail pressure. This kind of regulation reduces energy dissipation because the quantity of fuel compressed by the pump and delivered to the rail is exactly the quantity set by the ECU to obtain the proper air/fuel ratio. The new topology of CRS proposed in this work, which is still under development, introduces a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) between the engine and the high-pressure pump in place of a conventional gear coupling. It enables the adjustment of the pump speed according to the required common-rail pressure and demanded injection flow, thus reducing mechanical losses in the high-pressure pump. In this work, we summarize the main results obtained investigating the effectiveness of this novel approach. In particular, we present the control strategy for a complete CRS equipped with a continuously variable transmission, which has been validated in simulation, and a preliminary experimental proof of concept performed on a simplified prototype version of the system.
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Caldori, Pasquale. "Improvement of diesel engines efficiency driving the fuel pump with an electrical machine." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11589/120405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fino ad un recente passato, le pompe volumetriche di un sistema di iniezione diesel erano comandate direttamente dal motore a combustione. Al fine di ridurre le emissioni di un veicolo diesel, nuove soluzioni in grado di utilizzare al meglio il carburante devono essere pensate. Grazie al continuo sviluppo degli azionamenti elettrici, è stato possibile svincolare il numero di giri della pompa di bassa pressione dal numero di giri del motore a combustione; ottenendo in tal modo un risparmio nell’uso di carburante ed una riduzione della manutenzione necessaria. In questo lavoro, la procedura di progettazione analitica impiegata per progettare diverse tipologie di macchine elettriche adatte allo scopo è descritta; inoltre, sono presentati i risultati sperimentali derivanti dalla caratterizzazione del prototipo in uso. Infine, l’algoritmo di controllo sensorless realizzato e pensato per questa particolare applicazione è descritto e valutato secondo le performance attese.Until a recent past, the volumetric pumps of a diesel injection system were driven directly by the combustion engine. In order to reduce emissions from a diesel vehicle, new solutions that make better use of fuel need to be designed. Thanks to the continuous development of the electric drives, it was possible to release the number of revolutions of the low pressure pump from the number of revolutions of the combustion engine; thus obtaining savings in the use of fuel and a reduction in the maintenance required. In this work, the analytical design procedure used to design different types of electrical machines suitable for the purpose is described; in addition, the experimental results from the characterization of the prototype in use are presented. Finally, the sensorless control algorithm developed and designed for this particular application is described and evaluated according to the expected performance.
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Машута, Олександр Володимирович, та Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Mashuta. "Проект дільниці ремонтного цеху для технічного обслуговування та ремонту системи керування двигунів ЗМЗ-40524.10 автомобілів ГАЗель з дослідженням параметрів складу відпрацьованих газів та характеристик λ-регулювання". Master's thesis, 2019. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/30123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
В дипломній роботі спроектовано дільницю обкатки та діагностики ДВЗ та досліджено вплив паливної суміші на роботу системи керування та характеристики λ-регулювання.The diploma thesis designed the running and diagnostics section of the ICE and investigated the effect of the fuel mixture on the operation of the control system and the characteristics of λ-regulation.
Вступ 1 Загально-технічний розділ 2 Технологічний розділ 3. Конструкторський розділ 4 Спеціальний розділ 5 Науково-дослідний розділ 6 Проектний розділ 7 Обгрунтування економічної ефективності 8 Охорона праці та безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях 9 Екологія Загальні висновки щодо магістерської роботи Бібліографія Додатки
45
Su, Wei-Kai, and 蘇煒凱. "Research on Full Closed-Loop Injection Control System for the Die-Casting Machine." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74398508952390237486.
Повний текст джерела
46
Miele, Domenico Patrizio. "Investigation on a multi-point direct injection and control system for gaseous fuels in diesel engines." Thesis, 1990. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/3522/1/MM64735.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
47
HUNG, LUNG-YEN, and 洪隆晏. "A Study of Automatic Electronic Control Functions Inspection of Full Electric Injection Molding Machine Before Delivery." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sepkz3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
管理學院EMBA華南專班
107
Injection molding technology is currently one of the most widely used manufacturing technology in the world, the full electric injection molding machine due to energy saving, environmental protection, high precision. And other characteristics, is a trend of future development, in order to make the full electric injection molding machine More competitive advantage, the study of the introduction of pre-machine electronic control project automation inspection, by saving the inspection time before the machine to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing costs. The software logic of automatic inspection first defines the inspection pointer of all electronic control items, such as speed, torsion, pressure, and various sensor feedback signals. After running several times, at the same time set by the controller to crawl the data and statistics SPC (statistical Process Control), the data will calculate the average, maximum value, minimum value, standard deviation, and then set a standard or tolerance, if there is a non-compliant items must be checked or reinstalled separately.
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Rioux, Julien. "Full-band Structure Calculations of Optical Injection in Semiconductors: Investigations of One-color, Two-color, and Pump-probe Scenarios." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carrier, spin, charge current, and spin current injection by one- and two-color optical schemes are investigated within 30-band k·p theory. Parameters of the band model are optimized to give full-Brillouin zone band structures for GaAs and Ge that give accurate Γ-point effective masses and gyromagnetic factors and give access to the L valley, and to the E₁ and E₁+Δ₁ critical points in the linear optical absorption. Calculations of one- and two-photon carrier and spin injection and two-color current injection are performed for excitation energies in the range of 0—4 eV in GaAs and 0—3.5 eV in Ge. Significant spin and spin current injection occurs with 30% spin polarization in GaAs and Ge at photon energy matching the E₁ critical point. Further, the anisotropy and disparity of the current injection between parallel and perpendicular linearly-polarized beam configurations are calculated. For light propagating along a <111> crystal axis, anisotropic contributions in coherent current control and two-photon spin injection give rise to normal current components and in-plane spin components. In Ge, contributions from the holes to spin, electrical current, and spin current injection are investigated. Optical orientation results in 83% spin-polarized holes at the band edge. The effects of carrier dynamics in Ge are treated within a rate-equation model. The detection of spin dynamics in a pump-probe setup is considered, and the Fermi-factor approach is justified for electrons but not for holes. Carrier and current injection are further investigated in single-layer and bilayer graphene within the tight-binding model. In single-layer graphene, the linear-circular dichroism in two-photon absorption yields an absorption coefficient that is twice as large for circularly polarized light compared to linearly polarized light. Coherent current injection is largest for co-circularly polarized beams and zero for cross-circularly polarized beams. For linearly polarized beams, the magnitude of the injected current is independent of beam polarizations. In contrast, the injected current in bilayer graphene shows disparity between parallel and perpendicular configurations of the beams. The resulting angular dependence of the current is a macroscopic, measurable consequence of interlayer coupling in the bilayer.