Дисертації з теми "Fuel cell diagnostics, impedance spectroscopy"
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Valenzuela, Jorge Ignacio. "Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy options for proton exchange membrane fuel cell diagnostics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/266.
Повний текст джерелаPhlippoteau, Vincent. "Outils et Méthodes pour le diagnostic d’un état de santé d’une pile à combustible." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT013H/document.
Повний текст джерелаA fuel cell system transforms the fuel energy into electricity and heat with electrochemical reaction. There are many kinds of fuel cells and we study here the Proton Exchange Fuelcell (PEMFC), which operates between 50°C and 100°C. At the moment, main issues are fuel cells’ life time and its management. Multiple problems can occur such as drying or flooding due to water management, poisoning with impurities in gas, internal deterioration, etc. The objective of this thesis is to define and carry out experimental and analysing methods to characterize these problems. These experimental methods use electrical perturbation and measurements of their effects. Impedance Spectroscopy is part of these methods, but is greatly improved for instable system (patent). We used two types of tests: low amplitude signal, which can be performed during normal operation of the fuel cell, and large amplitude signal which have a strong impact on the fuel cell response. These tests are complementary and are able to evaluate the state of health of the fuel cell. The analysing process of these measurements is ameliorated, in order to improve the uniqueness of the results. At the end, some problems are generated (drying, flooding, etc) and these methods are performed to follow the variation of performance and determine which parameter is involved with the deterioration
Jullian, Gauthier. "Diagnostic robuste de pile à combustible PEM par modélisation physique et mesures d’impédance : prise en compte de conditions dynamiques et du vieillissement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT009/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe PEMFC fuel cell is an electrochemical generator that has interesting potential for automotive applications and which use could help to meet pollution challenges. Poor management of system auxiliaries or malfunctions can place the fuel cell under operating conditions that accelerate degradation processes and shorten its useful life. The- operating conditions of the fuel cell core (temperature, humidity and partial pressures) must be monitored to identify as soon as possible and without any error abnormal situations, which is particularly difficult in dynamic operating conditions and during ageing.The aim of this thesis is to provide solutions to this problem. To that end, a robust diagnostic approach of operating conditions without direct measurement, in a dynamic environment and taking ageing into account has been developed.In order to characterize the fuel cell, a campaign of experimental tests on a test bench was carried out during 1000 hours of operation, with and without faults. This test campaign also allowed to verify to what extent the easily accessible polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy depend on the internal operating conditions.The approach developed is based on one hand on the use of a physical fuel cell model that capture its behaviour for given operating conditions and on the other hand on easy-access current, voltage and impedance measurements. Thus, this allows the development of an embedded solution that minimizes the number of sensors required.The differences between the experimental measurements and the outputs computed by the physical fuel cell model – called residuals – are indicators which are sensitive to faults in operating conditions, and insensitive to usual operating dynamic conditions. Two residuals, generated from fuel cell output voltage and high frequency impedance, are used to detect abnormal operating conditions thanks to threshold detection. The choice of the detection threshold levels allows to set the detection performance in terms of good detection and false alarm probabilities.In order to take ageing into account, a degradation module computes the decrease of fuel cell voltage with time so that ageing is taken explicitly into account by residuals.Going beyond detection alone, a method to class the operating conditions faults has also been proposed. It uses a database of residuals from various known faults to train a K-nearest-neighbour classifier, so that faults can be identified and classified.The model developed in the CEA was compared with experiments carried out on the test bench. An experimental determination of the model constants was carried out using electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry...) and numerical ones (linear regression). It appears that the model correctly computes voltage and high-frequency impedance, confirming the possible use of this specific model for diagnostic purpose. The method has been tested with optimal thresholds that have been empirically determined. The detection score obtained is 80%. The false alarm rate is less than 5% during the test.The K-NN classifier was then validated on experimental data. The classification score during the 1000h test is around 60% with large disparities depending on the faults. This score is more than 99% for two of the studied faults (high pressures and low humidity), 63% for low pressures but only 20% for a temperature drop or humidity increase.This work concluded that the approach using a physical model diagnosed most faults with a low level of false alarms during 1000 hours of ageing. The search of new measurements to increase the score of poorly diagnosed faults thus improving diagnostic performance is a main perspective
Safa, Mohamad. "Modélisation réduite de la pile à combustible en vue de la surveillance et du diagnostic par spectroscopie d'impédance." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855160.
Повний текст джерелаCoignet, Philippe. "Transport-reaction modeling of the impedance response of a fuel cell." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0526104-151500/.
Повний текст джерелаAaron, Douglas Scott. "Transport in fuel cells: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and neutron imaging studies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34699.
Повний текст джерелаAabid, Sami El. "Méthode basée modèle pour le diagnostic de l'état de santé d'une pile à combustible PEMFC en vue de sa maintenance." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0011.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, Fuel cells (FCs) are considered as an attractive technological solution for energy storage. In addition to their high efficiency conversion to electrical energy and their high energy density, FCs are a potential candidate to reduce the environmental impact of aircrafts. The present PhD thesis can be located within this context, and especially contributes to the development of methodologies dedicated to the monitoring of the state of health (SoH) of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). FCs are submitted to ageing and various operating conditions leading to several failures or abnormal operation modes. Hence, there is a need to develop tools dedicated to the diagnosis and fuel cell ageing monitoring. One of reliable approaches used for the FC SoH monitoring is based on parametric identification of a model through experimental data. Widely used for the FC characterization, the polarization curve (V-I) and the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) coupled with a model describing the involved phenomena may provide further information about the FC SoH. Two models were thus developed: a quasi-static model whose parameters are identified from the polarization curve and a dynamic one identified from EIS data. The need to develop a dynamic model whose formulation may vary over time “without a priori” has been reported in this thesis. The original approach of this thesis is to consider conjointly both characterizations during all the proposed analysis process. This global strategy ensures the separation of the different fuel cell phenomena in the quasi-static and dynamic domains by introducing into each parametrization process (one for the quasi-static model and one for the dynamic model) parameters and/or laws stemming from the other part. The global process starting from the a priori knowledge until the identification of the models parameters was developed during the chapters of this thesis. In addition to the good reproduction of experimental data and the separation of the losses in both static and dynamic domains, the method makes it possible to monitor the FC SoH via the evolution of models parameters. The fact to take into account the coupling between quasi-static and dynamic models revealed the notion of a “residualimpedance”. This impedance makes it possible to overcome the recurrent experimental observation made by the daily users of EIS: there is a not-clearly explained difference between the low frequency resistance of the EIS and the slope of the polarization curve for a given currentndensity. Theoretically the two quantities have to tend towards the same value. In others words, a part of the impedance spectra is not clearly and easily exploitable to characterize fuel cell performance. This topic has been discussed in the literature in the last years. An attempt to explain physico-chemical phenomena related to this impedance is also a part of objectives of this thesis. From an experimental point of view, before applying this method to ageing monitoring, it was indeed necessary to “calibrate” it regarding its relative complexity. In this way, experiments with a single cell with different sets of internal components (different membrane thicknesses and different platinum loadings in the Active Layer (AL)) were achieved and analyzed by applying the proposed method. Therefore, the method was evaluated in the framework of three ageing campaigns carried out with three 1 kW PEM stacks
McGettrick, Andrew James. "Novel techniques for tunable diode laser spectroscopy and their application in solid oxide fuel cell diagnostics." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441884.
Повний текст джерелаTan, Li. "AC Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Improved Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance via Direct Inlet Humidity Control." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282322171.
Повний текст джерелаGénevé, Thomas. "Méthodes de diagnostic des piles à combustible." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15589/1/TGENEVE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLu, Yunxiang. "Study of electrochemical performance of strontium doped lanthanum cobalt oxides using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and microelectrode array cell design /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9818.
Повний текст джерелаWiezell, Katarina. "Modelling and Experimental Investigation of the Dynamics in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10087.
Повний текст джерелаIn polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) chemical energy, in for example hydrogen, is converted by an electrochemical process into electrical energy. The PEFC has a working temperature generally below 100 °C. Under these conditions water management and transport of oxygen to the cathode are the parameters limiting the performance of the PEFC.
The purpose of this thesis was to better understand the complex processes in different parts of the PEFC. The rate-limiting processes in the cathode were studied using pure oxygen while varying oxygen pressure and humidity. Mass-transport limitations in the gas diffusion layer using oxygen diluted in nitrogen or helium was also studied. A large capacitive loop was seen at 1-10 Hz with 5-20 % oxygen. When nitrogen was changed to helium, which has a higher binary diffusion coefficient, the loop decreased and shifted to a higher frequency.
Steady-state and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) models have been developed that accounts for water transport in the membrane and the influence of water on the anode. Due to water drag, the membrane resistance changes with current density. This gives rise to a low frequency loop in the complex plane plot. The loop appeared at a frequency of around 0.1 Hz and varied with D/Lm2, where D is the water diffusion coefficient and Lm is the membrane thickness. The EIS model for the hydrogen electrode gave three to four semicircles in the complex plane plot when taking the influence of water concentration on the anode conductivity and kinetics into account. The high-frequency semicircle is attributed to the Volmer reaction, the medium-frequency semicircle to the pseudocapacitance resulting from the adsorbed hydrogen, and the low-frequency semicircles to variations in electrode performance with water concentration. These low-frequency semicircles appear in a frequency range overlapping with the low-frequency semicircles from the water transport in the membrane. The effects of current density and membrane thickness were studied experimentally. An expected shift in frequency, when varying the membrane thickness was seen. This shift confirms the theory that the low-frequency loop is connected to the water transport in the membrane.
Jaouen, Frédéric. "Electrochemical characterisation of porous cathodes in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3498.
Повний текст джерелаPolymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) convert chemicalenergy into electrical energy with higher efficiency thaninternal combustion engines. They are particularly suited fortransportation applications or portable devices owing to theirhigh power density and low operating temperature. The latter ishowever detrimental to the kinetics of electrochemicalreactions and in particular to the reduction of oxygen at thecathode. The latter reaction requires enhancing by the verybest catalyst, today platinum. Even so, the cathode isresponsible for the main loss of voltage in the cell. Moreover,the scarce and expensive nature of platinum craves theoptimisation of its use.
The purpose of this thesis was to better understand thefunctioning of the porous cathode in the PEFC. This wasachieved by developing physical models to predict the responseof the cathode to steady-state polarisation, currentinterruption (CI) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and by comparing these results to experimental ones. Themodels account for the kinetics of the oxygen reduction as wellas for the transport of the reactants throughout the cathode,i.e. diffusion of gases and proton migration. The agglomeratestructure was assumed for the description of the internalstructure of the cathode. The electrochemical experiments wereperformed on electrodes having a surface of 0.5 cm2 using alaboratory fuel cell.
The response of the cathode to various electrodecompositions, thickness, oxygen pressure and relative humiditywas experimentally investigated with steady-state polarisation,EIS and CI techniques. It is shown that a content in thecathode of 35-43 wt % of Nafion, the polymer electrolyte, gavethe best performance. Such cathodes display a doubling of theapparent Tafel slope at high current density. In this region,the current is proportional to the cathode thickness and to theoxygen pressure, which, according to the agglomerate model,corresponds to limitation by oxygen diffusion in theagglomerates. The same analysis was made using EIS. Moreover,experimental results showed that the Tafel slope increases fordecreasing relative humidity. For Nafion contents lower than 35wt %, the cathode becomes limited by proton migration too. ForNafion contents larger than 40 wt %, the cathode performance athigh current density decreases again owing to an additionalmass transport. The latter is believed to be oxygen diffusionthroughout the cathode. The activity for oxygen reduction ofcatalysts based on iron acetate adsorbed on a carbon powder andpyrolysed at 900°C in ammonia atmosphere was alsoinvestigated. It was shown that the choice of carbon has atremendous effect. The best catalysts were, on a weight basis,as active as platinum.
Keywords:polymer electrolyte fuel cell, cathode, masstransport, porous electrode, modelling, agglomerate model,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, current interrupt,transient techniques, non-noble catalysts
Rexed, Ivan. "Applications for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad elektrokemi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154585.
Повний текст джерелаSmältkarbonatbränsleceller (MCFC) är en typ av högtemperaturbränsleceller som är anpassade för kombinerad el- och värmeproduktion i mellan-till stor skala. Idag installeras MCFC på kommersiell basis i storlekar mellan 100kW och flera MW. En ny typ av tillämpning för MCFC som har väckt intresse på senare tid är användandet av MCFC för CO2-avskiljning i kombination med konventionell elproduktion genom förbränning. En annan ny tillämpning är högtemperaturelektrolys genom användandet av reversibla bränsleceller. I det första fallet utnyttjas att CO2 kan koncentreras från katod- till anodsidan, vilket sker genom cellreaktionen för MCFC. I det andra fallet utnyttjas den höga arbetstemperaturen och den relativt enkla cell-designen för att använda reversibla MCFC till elektrolys, med syfte att producera en syngas-blandning som kan förädlas till vätgas eller till syntetiskt bränsle. I denna avhandling studeras effekten på bränslecellens prestanda genom att operera en MCFC i lab-skala med driftförhållanden som simulerar de som förväntas uppkomma om bränslecellen användes för CO2-avskiljning ur rökgaser från förbränning. Dessa driftförhållanden karaktäriseras av låg CO2-koncentration på katodsidan jämfört med normal drift. Svavelföroreningar i bränsle, speciellt H2S, är kända för att orsaka förgiftning av anoden, vilket i sin tur försämrar bränslecellens prestanda. Dessutom innehåller rökgaser ofta SO2, vilket antas orsaka korrosion och förgiftning av katoden. Detta gör effekten av svavelföroreningar till ett prioriterat ämne för utvecklingen av MCFC. I denna avhandling undersöks effekten av svavelföroreningar på både anod- och katodsidan, i normala driftförhållanden och i förhållanden med låg CO2 som simulerar användandet av rökgaser för CO2-avskiljning. Resultaten tyder på att effekten av förgiftning med SO2 på katoden liknar den med H2S på anoden, och att detta kan vara orsakat av en transport av svavel från katod till anod. Vidare, i kombination med låg CO2 koncentration på katoden så orsakar SO2-föroreningar elektrolytdegradering, vilket orsakar hög inre resistans. Genom att använda en liten MCFC i lab-skala med kommersiella material och standardförhållanden för MCFC påvisades att reversibla smältkarbonatbränsleceller kan vara ett lovande koncept. Den elektrokemiska prestandan av både cell och separata elektroder undersöktes både som bränslecell (MCFC)och vid elektrolys (MCEC). Resultaten visade att cellen uppvisade lägre polarisation vid elektrolys än som bränslecell, och att ten hög CO2-koncentration på det som är bränslecellens anodsida gav upphov till en minskad elektrodpolarisation, vilket indikerar att CO2 reduceras för att producera CO eller karbonat.
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Greiner, Yoan. "Nouvelles architectures tridimensionnelles pour électrodes de piles à combustible à oxydes solides (SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell)." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0496.
Повний текст джерелаFuel cells are systems that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. The physical structure of a fuel cell is composed of a porous cathode and anode separated by a dense electrolyte. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) offer an alternative for power generation and versability in their use. Current research focuses on lowering the operating temperature of this type of fuel cell (500-700°C) to increase their life, reduce manufacturing costs and damageto the interfaces. In order to compensate these problems, research tends towards materials with better electrochemical properties or by modifying the microstructure of the cathode to improve mass transfer and charge transfer. The cathode is a very important layer in the SOFC stack because it has a polarization resistance whose reduction is a major challenge to deal with. In a first part of this thesis work we have developed a method to improve the electochemical properties of strontium doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) cathodes. The second part was devoted to the elaboration and caracterization by impedance spectroscopy of SOFC symmetric half-cells with a LSM-based composite material allowing to improve the electochemical properties of electrodes at temperatures between 600-700 °C
Cooper, Celeste Eaton. "Degradation in Performance of Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes Under Accelerated Testing." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1485524881843845.
Повний текст джерелаMirzababaei, Jelvehnaz. "Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Methane and Fe/Ti Oxide Fuels." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1415461807.
Повний текст джерелаCooper, Matthew E. "Energy Production from Coal Syngas Containing H2S via Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Utilizing Lanthanum Strontium Vanadate Anodes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1219867679.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Hanqing. "Design and control of a 6-phase Interleaved Boost Converter based on SiC semiconductors with EIS functionality for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA009/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis work is devoted to the design and control of a DC/DC boost converter for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) application. A 6-phase Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) based on Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductors and inversed coupled inductors of cyclic cascade structure is proposed. The input current ripple is reduced significantly and the lifespan of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) can be extended. Low power losses, good thermal performance and high switching frequency have been gained by the selected SiC-based semiconductors. The volumes of passive components (inductors and capacitors) are reduced. Thanks to the inverse coupled inductors, the core losses and copper losses are decreased and the compact magnetic component is achieved.Sliding-Mode Control (SMC) strategy is developed due to its high robust to parameter variations. on-line Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) detection functionality is successfully integrated with SMC. No additional equipment and sensor is required.The real-time Hardwar In the Loop (HIL) validation of the proposed converter is achieved by implement the power part into the FPGA and the control into the microprocessor in the MicroLabBox prototyping system from dSPACE. The comparison between off-line simulation and HIL validation demonstrated the dynamic behavior of the proposed converter and validated the implementation of the control into a real time controller before future tests on experimental test bench
Sadli, Idris. "Modélisation par impédance d'une pile à combustible PEM pour utilisation en électronique de puissance." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL091N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with dynamic modelling of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a view to integrate it into power electronics environment. Firstly a static model based on an expression that links current and voltage is presented. The dynamic model is then obtained. It is shown that the electrochemical diffusion-convection impedance (Zd) is similar to a RC transmission line. A discretization on a short number of elements is carried out. In order to obtain a simple model, two different RC branches for Zd impedance, a double layer capacitor, a transfer resistance, and a membrane resistance are considered. This modelling is validated on two 500 W and 5 kW PEMFC, for frequencies varying from 5 mHz to 2 kHz. The model is validated for both fuel cells during current step responses and operation with a boost converter. In this case it is shown how the high frequency switching of the converter can be used to obtain a diagnostic on the humidification state of the membrane
Dailly, Julian. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux de cathode pour piles à combustible à conduction protonique PCFC (Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cell)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00416109.
Повний текст джерелаDans ce cadre, le but de nos recherche a été de concevoir de nouveaux matériaux de cathode pour pile PCFC présentant de bonnes propriétés de conduction mixte ionique et électronique ainsi qu'une activité catalytique élevée vis-à-vis de la réaction de réduction de l'oxygène, entre 400 et 600°C. Plusieurs matériaux à conduction mixte ont été synthétisés à l'ICMCB, notamment des perovskites et des oxydes de structure de type Ruddlesden-Popper (en particulier les oxydes A2MO4+). Des analyses thermogravimétriques ont été réalisées pour étudier la stabilité de ces phases sous air humide, ainsi qu'une éventuelle insertion d'eau dans la structure. Des demi-cellules symétriques ont été élaborées pour les caractérisations éléctrochimiques par spectroscopie d'impédance complexe et voltampérométrie (mesures de résistances spécifiques de surface, courbes de polarisation cathodique).
Les caractérisations physico-chimiques et électrochimiques ont permit de sélectionner les meilleurs composés et ont conduit à la réalisation de la première monocellule PCFC utilisant le matériau de cathode Pr2NiO4+. Des densités de puissance de 100 mW/cm² ont été mesurées pour une température de fonctionnement de 600°C.
Sar, Jaroslaw. "Interfaces et durabilité d'électrodes avancées pour l'énergie : IT-SOFC et SOEC Coral Microstructure of Graded CGO/LSCF Oxygen Electrode by Electrostatic Spray Deposition for Energy (IT-SOFC, SOEC) Electrochemical properties of graded and homogeneous Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ-La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ composite electrodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells Three dimensional analysis of Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95–La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ oxygen electrode for solid oxide cells Mechanical behavior of Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95-La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ oxygen electrode with a coral microstructure for solid oxide fuel cell and solid oxide electrolyzer cell Durability test on coral Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ-La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ with La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ current collector working in SOFC and SOEC modes". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI106.
Повний текст джерелаInterfaces and durability of advanced electrodes for energy (IT-SOFC and SOEC)The objective of this PhD thesis is to fabricate advanced oxygen electrode based on Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) with graded and homogeneous composition onto yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ = 8 mol. % Y2O3-doped ZrO2) electrolyte using electrostatic spray deposition. A thin and dense layer of CGO was inserted between LSCF and YSZ to serve as a barrier diffusion layer. The novel microstructure with high porosity and large surface area is expected to improve the electrochemical performances. The electrical behavior of the electrode was investigated by impedance spectroscopy versus temperature in air. A detailed microstructural description was performed by 3D reconstructed model from FIB-SEM and X-ray nanotomography and related to electrical properties. The mechanical analysis was performed by scratch and ultramicroindentation tests. Finally, durability tests were performed on the electrode with 45 cm2 oxygen active area, up to 800 h at around 770°C, in full cell SOFC and SOEC configurations operating respectively in H2 and H2/ H2O mixture
Přecechtěl, Vít. "Modul elektrochemické impedanční spektroskopie pro výzkum vodíkových palivových článků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221186.
Повний текст джерелаAquino, Fl?via de Medeiros. "Prepara??o e caracteriza??o de filmes cer?micos para c?todos de c?lulas a combust?vel de ?xido s?lido." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12800.
Повний текст джерелаCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Alternative and clean energy generation research has been intensified in last decades. Among the alternatives, fuel cells are one of the most important. There are different types of fuel cells, among which stands out intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) matter of the present work. For application as cathode on this type of devices, the ceramic Ba0.5Sr0.5C0.8Fe0.2O3-? doped with rare earth ions (Nd, Sm) have been quite promising because they show good ionic conductivity and operate at relatively low temperatures (500 - 800?C). In this work, Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-?, (BaSr)0.5Sm0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? and (BaSr)0.5Nd0.5C0.8Fe0.2O3-? were obtained by modified Pechini method, making use of gelatin as polymerizing agent. The powders were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The perovskite phase was observed in all X-ray patterns for the materials Ba0.5Sr0.5C0.8Fe0.2O3-? doped with rare earth ions (Nd, Sm). The SEM images showed that the materials have a characteristics porous, with very uniform pore distribution, which are favorable for application as cathodes. Subsequently, screen-printed assymmetrical cells were studied by impedance spectroscopy, to assess the kinetics of the cathode for the reduction reaction of oxygen. The best resistance to the specific area was found for the cathode BSSCF sintered at 1050 ?C for 4 hours with around 0.15 ?.cm2 at 750 ?C as well as cathodes BSNCF and BSCF obtained resistances specific area of 0.2 and 0.73 ?.cm2, respectively, for the same conditions. The polarization curves showed similar behavior to the best cathodes BSSCF and BSNCF, such combination of properties indicates that the film potentially depict good performance as IT-SOFC cathodes
Pesquisas voltadas para formas alternativas e n?o poluentes de gera??o de energia que v?m se intensificando. Entre essas, destacam-se as c?lulas a combust?vel de ?xido s?lido de temperatura intermedi?ria (IT-SOFC). Para aplica??o como catodo deste tipo de dispositivo, os ?xidos cer?micos Ba0,5Sr0,5C0,8Fe0,2O3-? dopadas com ?ons de terras raras (Nd, Sm) t?m se mostrado bastante promissores pelo fato de possu?rem boa condutividade i?nica e operarem em temperaturas relativamente baixas (500-800?C). Neste trabalho, Ba0,5Sr0,5C0,8Fe0,2O3-? (BSCF), (BaSr)0,5Sm0,5C0,8Fe0,2O3-? (BSSCF) e (BaSr)0,5 Nd0,5C0,8Fe0,2O3-? (BSNCF) foram obtidos pelo m?todo Pechini modificado, fazendo uso de gelatina que atua como agente polimerizante e coordenante. Os p?s obtidos foram caracterizados por Difra??o de Raios X (DRX), Redu??o ? Temperatura Programada (RTP) e Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV) e Microscopia Eletr?nica de Transmiss?o (MET). A fase perovsquita foi evidenciada em todos os difratogramas de raios X nos ?xidos Ba0,5Sr0,5C0,8Fe0,2O3-? dopados com ?ons de terras raras (Nd, Sm). As imagens de MEV evidenciaram que o p? obtido ? poroso, o que favorece seu uso como c?todos. Posteriormente, foram preparadas c?lulas assim?tricas por screen-pritting para estudos de microestrutura e de espectroscopia de imped?ncia, a fim de avaliar a cin?tica de c?todo da rea??o de redu??o do oxig?nio no c?todo. A melhor resist?ncia ? ?rea espec?fica foi encontrada para o c?todo BSSCF sinterizado a 1050 ?C durante 4 horas com 0,15 ?.cm2 na temperatura de 750?C, bem como os c?todos BSNCF e BSCF obtiveram resist?ncias ? ?rea espec?fica de 0,20 e 0,73 ?.cm2 , respectivamente, para as mesmas condi??es. As curvas de polariza??o demonstraram comportamentos semelhantes aos melhores c?todos BSSCF e BSNCF, sendo assim, adequados para aplica??o como material cat?dico nas SOFC
Ouba, Ana Kaori de Oliveira. "SÍNTESE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PEROVSKITA BaCe0,2Zr0,7Y0,1O3-δ PARA UTILIZAÇÃO EM CÉLULAS A COMBUSTÍVEL". UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2016. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1481.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are devices that convert chemical energy directly into electricity and have shown a good alternative due to its high efficiency (more than 70%) have only components solid and clean energy. Among the biggest advantages are high reliability and low emission reducing the impact on the greenhouse effect. A SOFC comprises an electrolyte and two electrodes, the cathode and the anode, and must provide substantial conductivity, above 0.1 S.cm-1. The ceramics which have excellent electrical properties are compounds based on the structure of the perovskite (ABO3), and some of these have proton and ion conduction. The objective of this study was the synthesis of a perovskite with BaCe0,2Zr0,7Y0,1O3-δcomposition and obtain a dense compound for use as an electrolyte in SOFC. The ceramic compound this composition has enhanced electrical properties, as it has proton conduction. The powders were synthesized by the modified Pechini method, and various processing routes were tested until they found the ideal containing two calcinations, a 350°C for 4 hours and another 900°C for 12 hours. After obtaining the powder were tested two types of grinds, one in vibratory mill for 6 hours and another at high energy mill for 1 hour in order to refine the particle BCZY27 and improve densification of the sample after sintering. It also used the zinc oxide, 2% and 4 mol%, as a dopant assist densification. The characterization of the post was made by X and scanning electron microscopy with EDS rays. The results showed that, as the temperature was 900C possible to obtain the desired phase containing second phases. The sintering was done at 1300°C, 1400°C and 1600°C together with milling in a vibration mill and Spex mill, with the aim of testing the best composition in each. The characterization of the sintered samples was made by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, EDS, dilatometry, porosity and density. Impedance spectroscopy were also made to the atmospheric air and humid air at temperatures from 200 to 600°C with intervals of approximately 25°C the samples possessed apparent porosity of less than 5%. The samples sintered at 1400°C with the addition of 4 mol% of ZnO, proved to be good for the application as an electrolyte because reached full enough electrical conductivity to be used.
As células a combustível de óxido sólido (CaCOS) são dispositivos que convertem energia química diretamente em elétrica e têm se mostrado uma boa alternativa devido a sua alta eficiência (acima de 70%), ter apenas componentes no estado sólido e produzir energia limpa. Entre as maiores vantagens estão a alta confiabilidade e a baixa emissão de gases diminuindo o impacto sobre o efeito estufa. Uma CaCOS é constituída por um eletrólito e dois eletrodos, o catodo e o anodo, e deve apresentar condutividade elétrica considerável, acima de 0,1 S.cm-1. As cerâmicas que apresentam propriedades elétricas são compostos baseados na estrutura da perovskita (ABO3), sendo que algumas dessas apresentam condução protônica e iônica. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a síntese de uma perovskita com composição BaCe0,2Zr0,7Y0,1O3-δe obter um composto denso para utilização como eletrólito em CaCOS. O composto cerâmico com esta composição possui propriedades elétricas otimizadas, pois apresenta condução protônica. Os pós foram sintetizados pelo método Pechini modificado e foram testadas diversas rotas de processamento até que se considerou a ideal contendo duas calcinações, uma de 350°C por 4 horas e a outra de 900°C por 12 horas. Após a obtenção do pó, foram testados dois tipos de moagens, uma em moinho vibratório por 6 horas e outra em moinho de alta energia por 1 hora, com a finalidade de refinar as partículas de BCZY27 e melhorar a densificação da amostra após a sinterização. Foi utilizado também o óxido de zinco, a 2% e 4% em mol, como dopante auxiliar de densificação. A caracterização dos pós foi feita por difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura com EDS. Os resultados mostraram que, a partir da temperatura de 900ºC foi possível obter a fase desejada contendo segundas fases. As sinterizações foram feitas em 1300°C, 1400°C e 1600°C em conjunto com as moagens em moinho vibratório e moinho Spex, com o objetivo de testar a melhor composição em cada uma delas. A caracterização das amostras sinterizadas foi feita por difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, EDS, dilatometria, porosidade e densidade aparente. Foram feitas também medidas de espectroscopia de impedância ao ar atmosférico e ao ar úmido em temperaturas de 200 até 600°C com intervalos aproximados de 25°C das amostras que possuíram porosidade aparente inferior a 5%. As amostras sinterizadas a 1400°C, com a adição de 4% mol de ZnO, se mostraram boas para a aplicação como eletrólito, pois atingiram a condutividade elétrica total suficiente para sua utilização.
Nguyen, Dinh An. "Modélisation dynamique du "coeur" de pile à combustible de type PEM." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL035N/document.
Повний текст джерелаBeing a new source of supplying electrical and thermal decentralized energy, the fuel cells offer better energy efficiency and reduced emissions for sustainable development. This thesis deals with the physicochemical phenomena that occur in a single cell of fuel cell proton exchange membrane. A 2Ddynamic model was developed and solved numerically by the finite element method using thesoftware COMSOL Multiphysics. The simulated static and dynamic polarization curves are confronted with measurements made on a 100cm² single cell test bench that belongs to GREEN Laboratory. Aparametric study, such as the influence of operating conditions, different stress current has been simulated and tested. The single cell dynamic behavior to a current step and more particularly to adirect connection to capacitor has underlined the importance of the electrical double layer phenomenon, located at the membrane / electrode interfaces, to describe precisely fast transients.Finally, spectroscopy impedance as a tool widely used to characterize the cell has been implemented in simulation allowing the analysis of the effects of this measurement method on the local parameters
Pereira, Laur?nia Martins. "S?ntese citrato-hidrotermal e caracteriza??o eletroqu?mica de LSCF para aplica??o como catodo em c?lula a combust?vel de temperatura intermedi?ria." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15686.
Повний текст джерелаThe lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxide (La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3 LSCF) is the most commonly used material for application as cathode in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), mainly due to their high mixed ionic electronic conductivity between 600 and 800?C. In this study, LSCF powders with different compositions were synthesized via a combination between citrate and hydrothermal methods. As-prepared powders were calcined from 700 to 900?C and then characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, particle size analyses, nitrogen adsorption (BET) and scanning electronic microscopy. Films of composition La0,6Sr0,4Co0,2Fe0,8O3 (LSCF6428), powders calcined at 900?C, were screen-printed on gadolinium doped ceria (CGO) substrates and sintered between 1150 and 1200?C. The effects of level of sintering on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of electrodes were evaluated by scanning electronic microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. Area specific resistance (ASR) exhibited strong relation with the microstructure of the electrodes. The best electrochemical performance (0.18 ohm.cm2 at 800?C) was obtained for the cathode sintered at 1200?C for 2 h. The electrochemical activity can be further improved through surface activation by impregnation with PrOx, in this case the electrode area specific resistance decreases to values as low as 0.12 ohm.cm2 (800?C), 0.17 ohm.cm2 (750?C) and 0.31 ohm.cm2 (700?C). The results indicate that the citrate-hydrothermal method is suitable for the attainment of LSCF particulates with potential application as cathode component in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs)
A cobaltita de lant?nio dopada com estr?ncio e ferro (La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3 LSCF) ? comumente o material mais utilizado para aplica??o como catodo em c?lula a combust?vel de ?xido s?lido (SOFC), principalmente devido a sua elevada condutividade mista i?nica e eletr?nica entre 600 e 800?C. Neste trabalho, p?s de LSCF de diferentes composi??es foram sintetizados via uma combina??o entre os m?todos citrato e hidrotermal. Os p?s como obtidos foram calcinados entre 700 e 900 ?C e caracterizados por fluoresc?ncia de raios X, difratometria de raios X, an?lises t?rmicas, distribui??o de tamanho de part?cula, adsor??o gasosa (BET) e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Filmes de composi??o La0,6Sr0,4Co0,2Fe0,8O3 (LSCF6428) foram obtidos por serigrafia de p?s calcinados a 900?C. Os filmes foram depositados sobre substratos de c?ria dopada com gadol?nia (CGO) e ent?o sinterizados entre 1150 e 1200?C. Os efeitos do patamar de sinteriza??o na microestrutura e no desempenho eletroqu?mico dos eletrodos foram avaliados por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e espectroscopia de imped?ncia. A resist?ncia espec?fica por ?rea apresentou forte rela??o com a microestrutura dos eletrodos. O melhor desempenho eletroqu?mico (0,18 ohm.cm2 a 800?C) foi obtido para o catodo sinterizado a 1200?C por 2 horas. A atividade eletroqu?mica pode ainda ser melhorada mediante ativa??o superficial por impregna??o com PrOx, neste caso a resist?ncia espec?fica por ?rea do eletrodo diminui para valores t?o baixos como 0,12 ohm.cm2 (800?C), 0,17 ohm.cm2 (750?C) e 0,31 ohm.cm2 (700?C). Os resultados obtidos indicam que o m?todo citrato-hidrotermal ? adequado para a prepara??o de particulados de LSCF com potencial aplica??o como catodo em c?lulas a combust?vel de ?xido s?lido de temperatura intermedi?ria (600-800?C)
Pinto, Raffael Costa de Figueiredo. "Propriedades térmicas, dielétricas e vibracionais de Ormosil's baseados em DPMS e TEOS dopados com MDS." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2008. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1584.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T20:07:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaffaelPinto.pdf: 7905766 bytes, checksum: 7f7997961e840698d9d936cdea00b602 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-21
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA)
In this work have been investigated the dielectric and vibrational properties of the ORMOSIL membranes based on PDMS and TEOS doped with MDS using the Di erential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), impedance, Raman and infrareds spectroscopy technics. Such membranes are hybrid organic-inorganic materials with potential application in PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) and were doped with concentrations 0%(Pure Membrane), 5%, 10%, 20% e 30% of MDS. The thermal measurements were performed in the range from room temperature and 550 oC. The results showed that, after the MDS inclusion, the membranes absorb water. Besides, then thermal stability of the membranes decreased with the MDS inclusion. The dielectrics measurements were performed in temperature range of 313K-373K. The results showed that room temperature conductivity increases linearly with the frequency, until 353K, suggesting a hopping conduction and leaving this linear behavior above 353K. Besides, it was observed that conductivity doesn't increases linearly with MDS concentration, but increases until maximal value for 20% MDS concentration and decreases again for 30% MDS concentration de ning a synergetic e ect, which probably is associate with con gurational arrange of microcristallites MDS. Another feature of that membranes is a relaxation process visible in the electrical module graphics which appear just in doped membranes, being however, due to the MDS. The vibrational properties of hybrids membranes were obtained through Raman scattering and infrared. The results con rmed the presence of Si¡O¡Si, Si¡C, Si¡OH, C2H5, Si¡CH3, CH3, CH2, C¡H, S=O and S¡O groups. Where the S=O and S¡O groups are presents just in MDS compound. Consequently, their respective peaks appear only in the doped membrane spectra.
Neste trabalho foram investigadas as propriedades térmicas, dielétricas e vibracionais das membranas de ORMOSIL baseadas em PDMS e TEOS dopadas com MDS através das técnicas de calorimetria diferencial de varredura, espectroscopias de impedância, Raman e infravermelho. Essas membranas são materiais híbridos orgânico-inorgânico com grande potencialidade de aplicação em células combustíveis do tipo PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) e foram dopadas nas concentrações de 0%(Pura), 5%, 10%, 20% e 30% de MDS. As medidas térmicas foram realizadas entre a temperatura ambiente e 500 oC e mostraram que as membranas passam a absorver água quando o MDS é inserido. Mostraram também que as membranas têm sua estabilidade térmica reduzida quando o MDS é inserido. As medidas dielétricas foram realizadas no intervalo de temperatura entre 40 e 100oC. Os resultados mostraram que a condutividade à temperatura ambiente aumenta de maneira praticamente linear com a freqüência, mantendo-se assim até 80±C sugerindo uma condução por hopping e deixando de ter esse comportamento linear para temperaturas acima de 80±C. Observou-se também que a condutividade não aumenta linearmente com a concentração de MDS, mas atinge um valor máximo para a membrana com 20% de MDS e diminui novamente para a membrana com 30% de MDS caracterizando assim um efeito sinergético, que provavelmente está associado ao arranjo configuracional dos microcristalitos do MDS. Uma outra característica interessante dessas membranas, é um processo de relaxação visível nos grá cos do módulo elétrico o qual consta apenas nas membranas dopadas, sendo portanto, característico do MDS. As propriedades vibracionais desses materiais híbridos foram determinadas através de medidas do espalhamento Raman. Os resultados da espectroscopia Raman e infravermelho confirmaram a presença dos grupos Si¡O¡Si, Si¡C, Si¡OH, C2H5, Si¡CH3, CH3, CH2, C¡H, S=O e S¡O. Onde estes dois últimos estão presentes somente no MDS e, por essa razão, seus respectivos picos só se apresentaram no espectro das membranas dopadas.
Mainka, Julia. "Impédance locale dans une pile à membrane H2/air (PEMFC) : études théoriques et expérimentales." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10042/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this Ph.D thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the low frequency loop in impedance spectra of H2/air fed PEMFC and to bring information about the main origin(s) of the oxygen transport impedance through the porous media of the cathode via locally resolved EIS. Different expressions of the oxygen transport impedance alternative to the one-dimensional finite Warburg element are proposed. They account for phenomena occurring in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the electrode plane that are not considered usually: convection through the GDL and along the channel, finite proton conduction in the catalyst layer, and oxygen depletion between the cathode inlet and outlet. A special interest is brought to the oxygen concentration oscillations induced by the AC measuring signal that propagate along the gas channel and to their impact on the local impedance downstream. These expressions of the oxygen transport impedance are used in an equivalent electrical circuit modeling the impedance of the whole cell. Experimental results are obtained with instrumented and segmented cells designed and built in our group. Their confrontation with numerical results allows to identify parameters characterizing the physical and electrochemical processes in the MEA
Stübner, Ralph. "Untersuchungen zu den Eigenschaften der Anode der Festoxid-Brennstoffzelle (SOFC)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1025078611046-09161.
Повний текст джерелаDiese Arbeit untersucht die elektrischen und elektrochemischen Eigenschaften und die Langzeitbeständigkeit der Anoden von Festoxid-Brennstoffzellen (SOFC). Ein Modell wird vorgestellt, mit dem die Impedanzspektren symmetrischer Anodenzellen beschrieben werden können. Demnach ist der Serienwiderstand in den Spektren verursacht durch den Widerstand des Elektrolyten (YSZ), ohmsche Anteile in den Anoden, die als poröse Elektroden beschrieben werden, und durch die partielle Kontaktierung der Anoden. Maßgebliche Beiträge liefert hier die Nickelmatrix in den Anoden. Die hochfrequente Relaxation in den Spektren wird der Durchtrittsreaktion, die niederfrequente einer Gasdiffusionshemmung entlang der Gasversorgungskanäle zugeordnet. Die in Langzeitversuchen beobachtete Degradation der symmetrischen Anondenzellen wird zurückgeführt auf eine Degradation des Elektrolytmaterials, der Durchtrittsreaktion, der Nickelmatrix in den Anoden und des Kontaktwiderstandes zwischen den Anoden und den stromabnehmenden Nickelnetzen. Die Degradation der beiden letzteren ist in ihrer Rate abhängig von der Gaszusammensetzung. Ein Modell für das beobachtete zeitliche Verhalten wird vorgestellt
Sharma, Rakesh. "Conception innovante de cathodes à base de nickelates de terres rares pour piles à combustible à oxyde électrolyte solide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI091/document.
Повний текст джерелаLayered Ruddlesden-Popper type (RP) oxides are promising cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperature (~500 - 700 °C).This thesis is focused on the synthesis of mixed ionic-electronic conducting materials such as pure La2-xPrxNiO4+δ, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, higher order Lan+1NinO3n+1 (n= 1, 2 and 3) RP phases and composites adding Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO) component. An innovative microstructure and architecture of these electrodes were successfully prepared using electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) and screen-printing (SP) processes. These materials were evaluated through structural, compositional, oxygen non-stoichiometry and microstructural characterizations using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties and chemical stability of these oxygen electrodes are discussed according to the architectural design and composition using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Finally, a single SOFC based on LaPrNiO4+δ cathode has been tested.Keywords: Solid Oxide Fuel cell(SOFC), Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conductor (MIEC), Cathode, Nickelates, Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO), Coral-type microstructure, architectural design, interfaces, chemical stability, Electrostatic Spray Deposition (ESD), Screen-Printing (SP), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
Stübner, Ralph. "Untersuchungen zu den Eigenschaften der Anode der Festoxid-Brennstoffzelle (SOFC)." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2001. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24154.
Повний текст джерелаDiese Arbeit untersucht die elektrischen und elektrochemischen Eigenschaften und die Langzeitbeständigkeit der Anoden von Festoxid-Brennstoffzellen (SOFC). Ein Modell wird vorgestellt, mit dem die Impedanzspektren symmetrischer Anodenzellen beschrieben werden können. Demnach ist der Serienwiderstand in den Spektren verursacht durch den Widerstand des Elektrolyten (YSZ), ohmsche Anteile in den Anoden, die als poröse Elektroden beschrieben werden, und durch die partielle Kontaktierung der Anoden. Maßgebliche Beiträge liefert hier die Nickelmatrix in den Anoden. Die hochfrequente Relaxation in den Spektren wird der Durchtrittsreaktion, die niederfrequente einer Gasdiffusionshemmung entlang der Gasversorgungskanäle zugeordnet. Die in Langzeitversuchen beobachtete Degradation der symmetrischen Anondenzellen wird zurückgeführt auf eine Degradation des Elektrolytmaterials, der Durchtrittsreaktion, der Nickelmatrix in den Anoden und des Kontaktwiderstandes zwischen den Anoden und den stromabnehmenden Nickelnetzen. Die Degradation der beiden letzteren ist in ihrer Rate abhängig von der Gaszusammensetzung. Ein Modell für das beobachtete zeitliche Verhalten wird vorgestellt.
Vibhu, Vaibhav. "Stabilité et vieillissement des études de nickelates base praséodyme comme cathodes pour oxyde solide piles à combustible." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work is dedicated to stability and ageing studies of Praseodymium based nickelates ascathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). With this respect Ln2NiO4+δ (Ln=La, Pr or Nd)compounds with the K2NiF4 type structure act as alternative cathode materials for IT-SOFC due totheir mixed ionic and electronic conductivity (i.e. MIEC properties). Pr2NiO4+δ shows excellentelectrochemical properties at intermediate temperature (i.e. low polarization resistance Rp value, Rp= 0.03 Ω.cm² at 700 °C), while La2NiO4+δ exhibits higher chemical stability. So, the properties ofLa2-xPrxNiO4+δ nickelates were investigated with the aim to find best compromise between chemicalstability and electrochemical performances. After synthesis, the physical and chemical properties aswell as their transport and electrochemical properties have been determined. Measurements of thepolarization resistance of symmetrical half-cells have been carried out by impedance spectroscopy.Then, the chemical stability and the electrochemical performance of the materials have been studiedfor duration up to one month. As an interesting point, even after complete dissociation of Pr2NiO4+δinto PrNiO3-δ,Pr4Ni3O10+δ and Pr6O11, the polarization resistance does not show significant change.So finally, two new materials PrNiO3-δ and Pr4Ni3O10+δ were investigated as SOFCs cathodeshowing very promising results for Pr4Ni3O10+δ in symmetrical cell (Rp (Pr4Ni3O10+δ) = Rp(Pr2NiO4+δ) = 0.15 Ω.cm² à 600 ° C) and complete cell (1.6 W.cm-2 at 800 °C)
Desplanche, Sarah. "De l'étude fondamentale d’hydrates d’acide fort par spectroscopie de vibration et de relaxation à l'application de leur super-conductivité protonique pour le développement d'une micropile à combustible." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0171/document.
Повний текст джерелаFuel cells (FC) using hydrogen possess very good energy performance and produce no greenhouse gases. It presents itself today as a clean and efficient solution. This alternative could then become a possible substitute for fossil fuels and palliate for the intermittency ofcertain renewable energies.There are various types of FC, mainly distinguished by the nature of the electrolyte that composes their proton exchange membrane. Using strong acid clathrate hydrates as solid electrolyte represents an alternative for which very little is known nowadays. These systems are nanoporous crystalline solids consisting of a water host network forming nanometric cavities encapsulating guest molecules. In the case of strong acid clathrate hydrates, the confinement of acidic species within the aqueous cages generates proton excess that isdelocalized along their aqueous network. At room temperature, these clathrate hydrates have then excellent proton conductivity, which is higher than that of the FCs membranes currently used. The objective of this PhD was to develop an electrolyte based on hexafluorophosphoricacid clathrate hydrate (one of the best-known conductors of this class of system) on the basisof a fundamental physico-chemical approach, and to develop a miniaturized FC assemblyincorporating this new electrolyte.At a fundamental level, it was necessary to understand the driving factors responsible for the super-protonic conductivity of these systems and in particular, the relationship between the conductivity and the hydration number (i.e. water to acid molar ratio in the clathrate). The microscopic mechanisms have been studied by means of Raman spectroscopy and imaging, supplemented by nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments. A set of results concerning the structure (clathrate type, phase transition and thermodynamic stability), the dynamics (vibrational modes, proton diffusion and kinetics) and the chemistry (inclusion of fluorinated impurities) has thus been obtained. As a selective and microscopic probe, the Raman scattering technique provided unique information. It allowed to probe the acid-cages interactions, to propose an experimental protocol monitoring the hydration number and also,to reveal, for the first time, a microstructuration of the clathrate hydrate only observed abovea hydration threshold. These physico-chemical properties have been correlated with the conductivity measurements, making it possible to understand the impact of the hydration number and of the chemical impurities onto the electrochemical performances of the solid electrolyte. All these results led to an original technological development. A new micro-fuel cell using hexafluorophosphoric acid hydrates as the electrolyte has been designed. This development offers a FC with performances comparable to the FCs currently available and operating from room temperature to negative temperatures
Woo, Sahng Hyuck. "Membranes composites acide perfluorosulfonique (PFSA)/argile pour un fonctionnement à faible humidité relative et haute température des piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFC)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM033.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis introduces novel electrolyte membranes which can be operated at low relative humidity (below 50%) and intermediate temperature, i.e., 90℃. More specifically, the thesis takes benefit from hygroscopicity of microfibrous SEP (sepiolite) and tubular HNT (halloysite). Changes in Nafion membrane properties with blending time were studied. Moreover, these nanoclays are functionalized and pretreated to make them proton conductive and to improve their compatibility with short-side-chain PFSA (perfluorosulfonic acid) composite membranes based on Aquivion. To begin with, functionalized and pretreated clay nanoparticles are characterized prior to incorporation in polymer matrix: ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), Py-GC/MS (pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry), and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). Composites membranes have them been prepared and characterized for proton conductivity, water uptake, swelling, thermo-mechanical strength and chemical stability. The dispersion state of SEP and HNT inside polymer phase was observed using SEM/EDS (field emission scanning electron microscopy/Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). The properties of pretreated nanoclays are characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and EDS. Chemical stability regarding radical attack against composite membranes is clarified using Ion meter through fluoride ion (F-) analysis. Proton conductivity of composite membranes is also measured under condition of different relative humidity and temperature. Following this, it is demonstrated by DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis) results that the particular elongated morphology of SEPs and HNTs participates to improving mechanical property of the composite membranes with decreased swelling ratio. MEAs (membrane electrode assembly) performance are evaluated to understand the advantage of the presence of nanoclays in the composite membranes regarding the relative humidity of the feeding gas, the operating temperature of the cell, and the hydrogen crossover. Detailed abstracts including main results were provided at the beginning of each chapter
Римша, Христина Володимирівна. "Синтез і властивості органо-неорганічних протонопровідних матеріалів". Diss., Відділення фізико-хімії горючих копалин Інституту фізикоорганічної хімії і вуглехімії імені Л.М. Литвиненка Національної академії наук України, 2021. https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/56455.
Повний текст джерелаLatham, Ruth Anne. "Algorithm development for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy diagnostics in PEM fuel cells." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/811.
Повний текст джерелаSu, Yi-wen, та 蘇怡文. "Performance Test and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy /Cyclic Voltammetry for a μPEM Fuel Cell". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00498896926105891855.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
機械與機電工程學系研究所
100
In this study, two different flow field plates, a serpentine field plate and a perforated filed plate, were produced by LIGA-like formation and micro electroforming technology. The two type field plates were also used to make up three different types of micro proton exchange membrane fuel cells (µPEMFCs), serpentine (anode)-serpentine (cathode), serpentine-perforated, and perforated-perforated, each of whose active area is 1 cm2. In addition to the performance tests under different flow rate, operation temperature, and relative humidity conditions, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic votammetry (CV) methods were also adapted to measure correspondent EIS and Pt utilization of MEA. Even the fuel cell with serpentine field plates in anode and cathode needs more pressure input, the extra pressure is effective to avoid the water accumulation and to raise the total performance.
Hung, Ling-Ching, and 洪羚境. "Performance Analysis for Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Cyclic Voltammetry." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40667469024326362620.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
機械與機電工程學系研究所
104
This study, analyzes the performances of air-breathing micro direct methanol fuel cell and planar stacks, and discusses the performance differences under different stack numbers. The experiments used V-I curve and P-I curve to analysis the maximum power density and limiting current density with different operating parameters. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods were also adapted to measure the corresponding impedance spectroscopy and difference of electrochemically active area of Pt catalyst. The results show that the impedance has a minimum value and the power density has a maximum value of 34.39 mW/cm2 under an optimum working condition (T=60 oC, QMeOH=3sccm and C=1M), the resistance of fuel cell stack increases as the stack number increases; electrochemically active area of catalyst will not change with stack number. It can prove the method of stacking fuel cells in this study is feasible. Besides, we can focus on reducing the loss in fuel cell in the future. We hope that the fuel cell design can be improved through this method, and put fuel cell into practical application of the portable electronic device.
Lai, Chien-Ming, and 賴建銘. "Investigation of the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy on the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell and Silicon Photo-electrochemical Etching." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33638895267346313990.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
機械工程研究所
96
The technique of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) diagnosis has been used to investigate the electrochemical kinetics in the systems of (1) direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and (2) photo-electrochemical etching on silicon. The results and contributions of this work were summarized as follows. 1. EIS was carried out to monitor the performance of DMFC under a variety of current densities. Based on analysis of the EIS data that depend upon the performing conditions, an innovative model including the qualitative sketch and its quantitative description relying on postulated equivalent circuit (EQC) was established to delineate the reaction mechanism of DMFC on the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). This model provides a satisfactory diagnosis in the performance of DMFC in terms of the EQC sets. One EQC sets comprises elements such as the internal resistance (Rs) at the highest frequency, the high-frequency impedance (Rif /Cif) that is a parallel combination of the interfacial resistance (Rif) and interfacial capacitance (Cif) resultant from the interfaces in the cell, the medium-frequency impedance (Rrxn /Crxn) that is a parallel combination of the resistance (Rrxn) and capacitance (Crxn) resultant from electrochemical reactions, and the low-frequency impedance (LCO /RCO) that is a parallel combination of the resistance (RCO) and inductance (LCO) resultant from the adsorption and relaxation of CO. This postulated model provides a useful tool to diagnose the degradation mechanism for a cell subject to a test of accelerating degradation. Through the diagnosing and the evidences supported by the examinations through instruments such as the electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), the degradation is major attributed to (a) the increase of Rif and Rrxn resultant from catalytic degradation that may arise from a series of processes including the dissolution of Ru from the anodic catalyst Pt-Ru, the migration of Ru ions to be reduced on the membrane nearby the cathode. The Ru-dissolution leads to a decrease of catalytic activity on the anode that could be confirmed by the technique of CO stripping in company with the observation through EPMA and XPS. The particles reduced on the membrane nearby the cathode were verified by the examination through TEM and EPMA. (b) The increase of internal resistance (Rs) is ascribed to the loss of sulfonic-acid group from the graded membrane near the anode. Membrane degradation possibly arisen from the heat accumulation in a severely acidic environment near the anode derived from cell reactions. The loss of sulfonic acid group was verified by EPMA and XPS analyses. 2. The photo-electrochemical etching on Si (100) surface reveals different SEM morphologies depending on whether or not the HF solution contains ethanol. Finer smooth pores (around 4 μm in diameter) were formed in the presence of ethanol but larger rough pores (around 8 μm in diameter) formed in 2 M HF solution alone during silicon etched at 0.250 V (vs. SCE) under 50W-illumination for 3 h. The characteristic potentials and current such as transition potential (Etrans), half-wave potential (Ep/2), and limiting current density (jlimit), resulted from dc anodic polarization, were the major parameters used in EIS to diagnose the etching system. There appears an extra low-frequency inductive loop in the Nyquist plot for the etching system in the presence of ethanol. This loop is attributed to relaxation of the adsorption of ethanol in the pores. The contact angle between the etching solution and the silicon decreases with increasing the ethanol concentration. Accordingly, ethanol plays a wetting role in the etching process thus forming fine smooth pores.
Alikarami, Mohammad. "Dynamic impedance studies of oxidation of nickel and glycerol at nickel electrodes." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/10788.
Повний текст джерелаGraduate
2019-10-23
"Composite Electrodes With Immobilized Bacteria Bioanode and Photosynthetic Algae Biocathode for Bio-Batteries." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-01-1402.
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