Статті в журналах: "Fruits de tomate"

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Kinsou, Eliane, Abdou Madjid Amoussa, Armel Clément Goudjo Mensah, Julien Koffi Kpinkoun, Françoise Assogba Komlan, Hyacinte Ahissou, Latifou Lagnika, and Christophe Bernard Gandonou. "Effet de la salinité sur la floraison, la fructification et la qualité nutritionnelle des fruits du cultivar local Akikon de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) du Bénin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.27.

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La tomate est l’un des légumes les plus consommés au monde et au Bénin. Il est largement établi que la salinité agit négativement sur la germination et la croissance et modifie considérablement la concentration des composés bioactives des légumes. Au Bénin, la tomate est cultivée partiellement sur les terres cultivables des régions côtières où la salinité du sol et de l’eau d’irrigation est une réalité. Cette étude visait à évaluer l’effet de la salinité sur la floraison, la fructification et la composition nutritionnelle des fruits de tomate du cultivar local Akikon. Les plantes de trois semaines ont été arrosées jusqu’à la maturité des fruits avec diverses concentrations de NaCl de 0, 30, 60 et 120 mM. La date d’apparition des premières fleurs, la date de maturation des fruits ainsi que les teneurs en protéines des fruits n’ont pas été significativement affectées par la salinité alors que le nombre de fruits par plante, le poids des fruits, les teneurs en sucres solubles totaux et en sucres réducteurs subissent une réduction significative sous l’effet du NaCl. Par contre, les teneurs en lycopène, en vitamines B6, B12 et C ont connu une augmentation significative avec l’augmentation de la concentration de NaCl. La salinité a donc réduit la production de tomate et amélioré la qualité nutritionnelle des fruits en augmentant notamment ses teneurs en vitamines et en lycopène.Mots clés: Salinité, teneur en nutriments, sucres, lycopène, vitamines. English title:Effect of salt stress on flowering, fructification and fruit nutritional quality of Benin local tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivar AkikonTomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the most important consumable vegetable in the world and in Benin. It is widely established that salinity acts negatively on germination and growth and considerably modifies the concentration of bioactive compounds in vegetables. In Benin, tomato is partially cultivated on arable lands in coastal regions where soil and irrigation water salinity is a reality. This study investigated the impact of salinity on flowering, fructification, and fruit nutrient contents of a local cultivar of tomato Akikon. Three weeks old plants were irrigated with four NaCl concentrations: 0; 30; 60 and 120 mM NaCl till fruit ripening. The date of first flower appearance, the date of fruit ripening and fruit protein content were not affected by salinity; whereas fruit number, fruit fresh mass, fruit soluble sugars and reducing sugars contents were significantly decreased by increasing salinity. Moreover, lycopen and vitamins B6, B12 and C contents increased significantly when salinity concentration increased. Thus, salinity reduced tomato productivity but improved fruit nutritional quality by mainly increasing vitamins and lycopen contents.Keywords: Salinity, nutrients content, lycopen, sugars, vitamins.

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Parca, Tiago Aparecido, Everton Geraldo de Morais, Henrique José Guimarães Moreira Maluf, Luciano Donizete Gonçalves, Diorge Maykon de Oliveira, and Willian Douglas Duarte. "CARACTERÍSTICAS PRODUTIVAS E MORFOLÓGICAS DE FRUTOS DE TOMATE EM RESPOSTA A SISTEMAS DE RALEIO." Nativa 7, no. 5 (September 12, 2019): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i5.7455.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de técnicas de raleio na produção e em características morfológicas de frutos de tomate. O tomateiro foi submetido a seis diferentes técnicas de raleio de frutos, com condução de diferentes números de racemos por planta. Ao final do experimento, após a colheita, foi avaliado o diâmetro médio longitudinal (DLM) e transversal (DTM) dos frutos, número de frutos por planta (NF), peso médio de frutos (PMF), produção total por planta (Prod T), produção de frutos grande (Prod G), médio (Prod M) e pequeno (Prod P), e a frequência relativa de cada classe de diâmetro. A técnica de raleio que consistiu na condução de plantas com 7 racemos, com 6 frutos por racemoaté o 4° racemo e acima deste, 4 frutos por racemo(R3) aumentou a Prod G, a frequência relativa da classe grande, a Prod T, DTM, DLM e PMF. Técnicas de raleio que resultaram em maior NF reduziram a qualidade morfológica dos frutos, bem como a condução de plantas com menos de sete racemos reduziu a produção de tomates. A adoção da técnica R3 no tomateiro reuni alta produção de frutos por planta com aumento da qualidade morfológica do fruto.Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicum L.; desbaste de frutos; qualidade de tomates; classes de diâmetro de frutos; relação fonte:dreno. PRODUCTIVE AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TOMATO FRUITS IN RESPONSE TO THINNING SYSTEMS ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of thinning techniques on the production and morphological features of tomato fruits. Tomato plants were submitted to six different thinning practices, with different numbers of racemes per plant. At the end of the experiment, the mean longitudinal diameter (MLD) and transverse diameter (MTD) of fruits, number of fruits per plant (NF), average fruit weight (AFW), total production per plant (T Prod), production of fruits large (Prod L), middle (Prod M) and small (Prod S), and the relative frequency of each diameter class. The thinning technique, which consisted in the conduction of plants with 7 racemes, with 6 fruits per raceme up to the 4th raceme and above this, 4 fruits per raceme (R3) increased the Prod L, the relative frequency of the large class, T Prod, MLD, MTD, and AFW. Thinning techniques that provide greater NF reduced the morphological quality of fruits, as well as the conduction of plants with less than seven racemes decreased tomato production. Adoption of the R3 technique in the tomato plants bring together high fruit production with an increase in the fruit morphological quality.Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L.; fruit pruning; tomato quality; fruit diameter classes; source:sink ratio.

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Martínez, Juan Pablo, Raúl Fuentes, Karen Farías, Nelson Loyola, Alejandra Freixas, Claudia Stange, Boris Sagredo, Muriel Quinet, and Stanley Lutts. "Effects of a Local Tomato Rootstock on the Agronomic, Functional and Sensory Quality of the Fruit of a Recovered Local Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Named “Tomate Limachino Antiguo”." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 2178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092178.

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The Old Limachino Tomato is a valuable fruit with exceptional nutritional values and organoleptic sensory properties. However, it suffers from a short shelf-life, compromising post-harvest behavior. As an attempt to improve the fruit’s qualities, Limachino (L) scion was grafted onto rootstock from the rustic landrace Poncho Negro (R). Fruits produced in this graft combination were compared with fruits produced by self-grafted plants (L/L) and from a long-shelf-life cultivar Seminis (LSL). The trials were carried out for 146 days during summer of two consecutive years. Poncho Negro rootstock increased the total number of fruits produced by Limachino scion (L/R). It did not affect the fresh weight of individual fruits but reduced their water content. It has no impact on the Limachino fruit form (quality), a typical characteristic well appreciated by consumers. Fruits produced by LSL exhibited a higher firmness but a lower titratable acidity and antioxidant capacity than L/R and L/L fruits. Panels of 104 untrained final consumers and a trained panel of 13 experts attributed the highest value to L/R fruits and the lowest one to LSL. It was concluded that Poncho Negro rootstock contributes to increasing preferences and the level of acceptability towards Limachino fruits. Further research is needed to develop local technologies in order to expand the production of local tomatoes that are highly valued by consumers.

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Yeo, Mohamed Anderson, Mohamed Ba Kone, Ernest Kouadio Koffi, and Lacina Coulibaly. "Evaluation des caractéristiques, morphologiques physico-chimiques et sensorielles de la purée de deux variétés de tomates locales produites à petite échelle à Man (Côte d’Ivoire)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.19.

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Cette étude découle d’un vaste projet de production sur différents substrats (hors sol, plein champs) et de valorisation de la tomate, dans la région montagneuse de Man. Aussi, ces expériences, qui s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la valorisation par la transformation des fruits de la production, ont-elles été menées dans l’optique d’évaluer les caractéristiques morphologiques, physico-chimiques et sensorielles des fruits et de la purée des deux variétés de tomates produites. Il s’agit de la tomate traditionnelle (Tmt 1), variété la plus utilisée dans les ménages ruraux de la région montagneuse de Man et la tomate (Tmt 2), d’usage commun pour les plats de salades en zone urbaine. Cette dernière se reconnaît par ses fruits de forme allongée (Cf= 1,93±0,10> 1), de couleur rouge et moins foncée (Couleur ΔE 26,5±0,00) que la première variété (Couleur ΔE 30,3±0,00). Avec des taux de matière sèche différents ; (11,93±0,49% pour la purée de tomate Tmt 1 et de 8,81±0,52% pour la purée de tomate Tmt2, les purées qui en sont produites ont des teneurs très importantes en minéraux. Ces taux élevés pourraient ainsi permettre de compenser des carences en nutriments des populations de la zone. De plus, les pH aussi bas (3,93±0,00) pour la purée de Tmt1 et 4,13±0,01 pour celle de Tmt2, confèrent une acidité élevée à ces purées et donc une meilleure conservation. Le traitement thermique appliqué au produit à 80 °C pendant 15 Minutes garantit à la purée une bonne stabilité microbiologique conforme à la norme AFNOR (NFV-08-402). L’analyse sensorielle, basée sur les critères de la couleur (rouge), le goût salé, l’acidité et la consistance révèle que la purée produite à partir de la tomate Tmt1 est la plus appréciée des dégustateurs.Mots clés : Tomate, Morphologie, purées, physico-chimique, Man, Côte d’Ivoire

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Anguessin, Benjamine, Pierre Marie Mapongmetsem, Adamou Ibrahima, and Guidawa Fawa. "Effet de la fertilisation organique à base de litière foliaire de Jatropha curcas L. et Jatropha gossypifolia L. sur la culture de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) à Guider (Nord/Cameroun)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.12.

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La baisse de la fertilité des sols due à la mauvaise gestion des terres et l’utilisation excessive des engrais chimiques a motivé le regain d’intérêt dans la recherche de fertilisants organiques respectant l’environnement pour un développement durable. Pour évaluer l’efficacité agronomique des litières de Jatropha sur la production de la tomate, une étude a été conduite en champs dans des pots de 20 cm de diamètre. Le dispositif expérimental est un bloc de Fischer randomisé avec un total de 64 pots (4 traitements x 4 répétitions x 4 unités expérimentales). Les résultats ont montré que les litières de Jatropha curcas et Jatropha gossypifolia ont amélioré la croissance et le développement (le diamètre et la ramification de la tige, le nombre de feuille et de fruits ainsi que la masse des fruits) de la tomate par rapport au témoin. La litière de Jatropha curcas a induit une large amélioration de la masse des fruits (33,09 g) par rapport aux autres traitements : le témoin (19,99 g), la litière de Jatropha gossypifolia (20,44 g) et l’engrais chimique (24,02 g). Pour une culture dont on aimerait avoir des gros fruits l’utilisation des fertilisants organiques à base des litières de Jatropha curcas pourrait être conseillée.Mots clés : Fertilisant organique, Litière, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypifolia, Nord-Cameroun. English Title: Effect of organic fertilization based on leaf litter of Jatropha curcas L. and Jatropha gossypifolia L. on the tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Guider (North Cameroon)The decline in soil fertility due to poor land management and excessive use of chemical fertilizers has induced new interest in the quest for environmentally friendly organic fertilizers for sustainable development. To assess the agronomic effectiveness of Jatropha litter on tomato production, a study was conducted in the field in pots of 20 cm in diameter. The experimental set-up is a randomized Fischer block with a total of 64 pots (4 treatments x 4 repetitions x 4 experimental units). The results showed that the litters of Jatropha curcas and Jatropha gossypifolia improved the growth and development (the diameter and branching of the stem, the number of leaves and fruits as well as the mass of the fruits) of the tomato compared to the witness. Jatropha curcas litter induced a large improvement in fruit mass (33.09 g) compared to other treatments: the control (19.99 g), Jatropha gossypifolia litter (20.44 g) and chemical fertilizer (24.02 g). For a crop from which we would like to have larger fruits, the use of organic fertilizers based on Jatropha curcas litter could be recommended.Keywords: Organic fertilizer, Litter, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypifolia, North Cameroon.

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Wamser, Anderson Fernando, Janice Valmorbida, Luiz Carlos Argenta, Anderson Luiz Feltrim, Juracy Caldeira Lins Júnior, and Fernando Pereira Monteiro. "MANEJO AUTÔNOMO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO DO TOMATE GRAPE CULTIVADO EM SUBSTRATO UTILIZANDO SENSORES IRRIGÁS®." IRRIGA 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 452–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2022v27n3p452-464.

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MANEJO AUTÔNOMO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO DO TOMATE GRAPE CULTIVADO EM SUBSTRATO UTILIZANDO SENSORES IRRIGÁS® ANDERSON FERNANDO WAMSER1; JANICE VALMORBIDA1; LUIZ CARLOS ARGENTA1; ANDERSON LUIZ FELTRIM1; JURACY CALDEIRA LINS JÚNIOR1 E FERNANDO PEREIRA MONTEIRO1 1 Estação Experimental de Caçador, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (Epagri), Rua Abílio Franco, 1.500, Bairro Bom Sucesso, 89.501-032, Caçador, SC, Brasil, E-mail: afwamser@epagri.sc.gov.br, janicevalmorbida@epagri.sc.gov.br, argenta@epagri.sc.gov.br, andersonfeltrim@epagri.sc.gov.br, juracyjunior@epagri.sc.gov.br, fernandomonteiro@epagri.sc.gov.br 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a produção e qualidade de tomates grape em função do manejo autônomo da fertirrigação baseado em sensores Irrigás®, em diferentes tensões hídricas do substrato de cultivo. Foi conduzido um experimento em blocos completos ao acaso, com seis repetições, e cinco níveis mínimos de umidade do substrato de cultivo para o início da fertirrigação: 3,0; 4,3; 5,6; 6,9; e 8,2 kPa. Foram avaliadas a produção e a massa de frutos, o teor de sólidos solúveis, a acidez titulável e a firmeza da polpa dos frutos. A maior produção comercial de frutos (3,4 kg/planta) foi obtida com a tensão limite estimada de 6,0 kPa. O aumento da tensão limite para o início da irrigação de 3,0 a 8,2 kPa promoveu diminuição da firmeza de frutos comerciais (4,0 a 3,4 lb), da massa de frutos da classe médio-pequeno (6,7 a 5,8 g/fruto), aumento do teor de sólidos solúveis (8,9 a 9,8oBrix) e da acidez titulável (1,0 a 1,2%) da polpa do tomate. Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicum, nutrição de plantas, automação, cultivo sem solo, tensiometria gasosa. WAMSER, A. F.; VALMORBIDA, J.; ARGENTA, L. C.; FELTRIM, A. L.; LINS JÚNIOR, J. C.; MONTEIRO, F. P. AUTONOMOUS MANAGEMENT OF FERTIRRIGATION OF GRAPE TOMATO CULTIVATED ON A SUBSTRATE USING IRRIGÁS® SENSORS. 2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the production and quality of grape tomatoes as a function of autonomous fertigation management based on Irrigás® sensors at different water tensions of the cultivation substrate. A randomized complete block experiment was conducted, with six replications, and five minimum levels of substrate moisture for the beginning of fertigation: 3.0; 4.3; 5.6; 6.9; and 8.2 kPa. Fruit yield and fruit mass, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and firmness of the fruit pulp were evaluated. The highest commercial fruit production (3.4 kg/plant) was obtained with an estimated limit tension of 6.0 kPa. The increase in the limit tension for the beginning of irrigation from 3.0 to 8.2 kPa promoted a decrease in the firmness of commercial fruits (4.0 to 3.4 lb) and in the weight of medium-small class fruits (6.7 to 5.8 g/fruit) and increase in the soluble solids content (8.9 to 9.8oBrix) and titratable acidity (1.0 to 1.2%) of the tomato. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum, plant nutrition, automation, soilless culture, gaseous tensiometry

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Santos, Roberto E. dos, Edimir X. L. Ferraz, Antônio H. C. do Nascimento, Raquele M. de Lira, Isaac L. S. de Vasconcelos, Irlândio de S. Santana, and Carlos A. de S. Sá. "Production of irrigated cherry tomatoes in economical planting beds with mulching." Revista Caatinga 36, no. 4 (2023): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n418rc.

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ABSTRACT Technologies that improve water use efficiency (WUE) and increase crop yields are essential for the development of a responsible and productive agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate economical planting beds with the use of mulching and application of different irrigation water depths as a water-saving technology, and determine the irrigation water depth that promote the optimal plant development and fruit yield and quality of two cherry tomato cultivars. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design with split-plots (5×2) was used, with plots consisting of five irrigation water depths (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc) and subplots consisting of two cherry tomato cultivars (Carolina and Yubi), with four replications, totaling 40 experimental units. The development of tomato plants was evaluated through biometric measurements of stem diameter, plant height, and canopy area. Additionally, the following variables were evaluated during fruit harvest: number of fruits, mean fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit yield, WUE, titratable acidity, pH, and soluble solids content. The economical planting beds promoted increases in WUE. Irrigation water depths lower than 100% of ETc resulted in better plant development and higher fruit yield, number of fruits, and WUE for the evaluated cherry tomato plants. The cultivar Carolina exhibited higher production performance compared to Yubi.

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Teodoro, M. S., F. J. S. Seixas, M. N. Lacerda, and L. M. S. Araújo. "Efeito do uso de diferentes compostos na produção de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) em cultivo orgânico." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 10, no. 5 (December 27, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v10i4.3705.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, em condições de casa de vegetação, a influência de cinco compostos orgânicos na adubação de plantio e de cobertura de tomate híbrido do tipo Caqui. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos, contendo biomassa vegetal provenientes do banco de leguminosas da Embrapa Meio-Norte. As leguminosas utilizadas na confecção dos compostos foram o guandu Cultivar Fava Larga (Cajanus cajan), a Crotalária juncea (Crotalaria juncea L.), a Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala), a Gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium) e a Mucuna preta (Mucuna aterrima). A gramínea utilizada foi o capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum). Os frutos do tomate começaram a ser colhidos no início do amadurecimento, por volta de 70 a 120 dias após o transplantio. Avaliaram-se a produção total de frutos (PTF), produção de frutos comerciais (PFC), número total de frutos (NTF), número de frutos comerciais (NFC), peso médio de frutos comerciais (PMFC) e diâmetro médio de frutos (DMF). Foram registradas ocorrências de pragas nas condições experimentais, detectando-se a presença de nematóides (Meloydogines spp) e cochonilha (Maconellicoccus hirsutus). Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos estudados, entretanto, o tratamento 2 foi o que se destacou quanto as variáveis analisadas, principalmente para PTF (54,5 t/ha) e PFC (49,6 t/ha). Concluiu-se que o uso de compostos orgânicos com palhadas de leguminosas e gramíneas é uma alternativa técnica e economicamente viável, podendo reduzir o uso integral do esterco bovino na adubação de plantio e de cobertura do tomate produzido no sistema orgânico.Effect of the use of different compounds in the production of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) in organic farmingAbstract: - The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in greenhouse conditions, the influence of five organic compounds on fertilizing and planting tomato hybrid coverage of type Persimmons. The experimental design was randomized block, with four replicates. Five treatments were evaluated, containing vegetable biomass coming from Bank of legumes from Embrapa Meio-Norte. Legumes used in the confection of the compounds were the guandu Grow Fava wide (Cajanus he), Crotalaria juncea (Crotalaria juncea l.), the Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala), the Gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium) and Mucuna (Mucuna aterrima) black. The grass used was the elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). The tomato fruits began to be harvested at the beginning of the ripening, around 70 days to 120 days from transplanting. We evaluated the total production of fruits (PTF), commercial fruit production (PFC), total number of fruits (NTF), number of commercial fruits (NFC), an average weight of commercial fruits (PMFC) and average diameter of fruits (DMF). Pest occurrences were recorded in experimental conditions, detecting the presence of nematoides (Meloydogines spp) and cochineal (Maconellicoccus hirsutus). There was no significant difference between the treatments studied, however, the treatment 2 was what stood out about the variables analyzed, mostly for PTF (54.5 tha) and PFC (49.6 tha). It was concluded that the use of organic compounds with straws of legumes and grasses is a technically and economically feasible alternative, and can reduce the use of cow manure on fertilizing and planting tomato coverage produced in the organic system.

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Traore, Mamoudou, Assa Dado Gadiaga, Ali Gadiaga, Koussao Some, and Edmond Hien. "Effet de différents types de fertilisants sur la dynamique de la macrofaune du sol et les rendements en culture de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) au Centre du Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i1.12.

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Au Burkina Faso, la culture de tomate constitue un véritable créneau horticole offrant un potentiel élevé de réduction de la pauvreté et de lutte contre la pauvreté et le développement rural, tout en améliorant la diversité de l'alimentation. Cependant, la majorité des producteurs de tomates ne produisent pas des fruits de bonne qualité avec un rendement élevé en raison du manque de connaissances sur les technologies de production améliorées, y compris l'utilisation d'engrais organiques et inorganique. L’apport régulier de matières fertilisantes permet d’améliorer ou de maintenir les caractéristiques biologiques et physico-chimiques du sol et optimiser l’absorption par les plantes des éléments nutritifs. L’ensemble des services fournis aux plantes par les engrais se fait avec la participation d’un large éventail d’organismes du sol de taille diverses dont les effets sont encore relativement peu explorés. Les relations entre la diversité de la macrofaune du sol et les rendements de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) a ont été étudiés sous l’effet de différentes combinaisons et de moment d’application de fertilisants minéraux (NPK, Yara Mila Winner et Yara Mila Actyva). L’objectif était d’étudier l’influence de différents types de fertilisants minéraux sur la dynamique de la macrofaune du sol et les rendements de la tomate. La macrofaune a été inventoriée huit semaines après le repiquage de la tomate par la méthode des monolithes, méthode standard TSBF (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility). Les rendements ont été mesurés à la fin de la récolte par pesée. L’inventaire de la macrofaune du sol a recensé, cinq groupes au total sous l’ensemble des traitements (Coléoptères, Hyménoptères, Isoptères, Araignées et vers de terre). Les apports des fertilisants minéraux de façon générale ont entrainé une plus grande abondance de la macrofaune (09 à 14 individus) quelle que soit la forme de combinaison des engrais. La population de macrofaune la plus diversifiée a été observée sous le traitement T2 combinant Yara Mila Winner/Yara Mila Actyva avec quatre groupes (Coléoptères, Hyménoptères, Isoptères et vers de terre). Par contre le traitement T4 combinant le NPK et l’urée a présenté la macrofaune la plus abondante mais moins diversifiée (un seul groupe, les Coléoptères). Du point de vue des rendements de la culture de tomate, le rendement le plus élevé a été obtenu également sous le traitement (T2) combinant Yara Mila Winner/Yara Mila Actyva avec apport de Yara Mila Winner avant floraison (3,08 t.ha-1 de rendement fruit et 44,25 g de poids moyen des fruits). Par contre, le traitement combinant Yara Mila Actyva/Yara Mila Winner avec apport de Yara Mila Actyva avant floraison (T3) présente un rendement nettement inférieur aux traitements avec apport de NPK combiné à l’urée (T4) ou au Yara Mila Actyva (T1). Les résultats ont montré que l’application des différents types d’engrais a eu un impact sur la macrofaune du sol et les rendements de la tomate. Le traitement T2 a été celui qui a abrité la macrofaune la plus diversifiée et le meilleur rendement de la tomate.

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Trento, Daiane Andréia, Darley Tiago Antunes, Flávio Fernandes Júnior, Márcio Roggia Zanuzo, Rivanildo Dallacort, and Santino Seabra Júnior. "DESEMPENHO DE CULTIVARES DE TOMATE ITALIANO DE CRESCIMENTO DETERMINADO EM CULTIVO PROTEGIDO SOB ALTAS TEMPERATURAS." Nativa 9, no. 4 (September 24, 2021): 359–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v9i4.10945.

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O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produção, a qualidade e tempo de prateleira de cultivares de tomate tipo italiano de crescimento determinado, produzidos sob ambiente protegido em condições de altas temperaturas. O cultivo foi realizado em Nova Mutum – MT, foram avaliados cinco cultivares: Fascínio (Feltrin sementes), Hy Color (Horticeres), Santa Adélia (TopSeed), SM-16 (Seminis) e Supera F1 (TopSeed), dispostos em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As plantas foram conduzidas em “meia estaca” e não foram podadas. Os parâmetros avaliados foram relativos a produção, a qualidade dos frutos, tempo de prateleira e qualidade no pós-colheita. A cultivar Fascínio apresentou produtividade de 186,1 t ha-1, maior massa média de frutos (144,3g), maior calibre de fruto, (60,7mm), e menor perda de massa no pós-colheita (6,23%). Os melhores resultados de sólidos solúveis totais dos frutos que completaram a maturação na planta foram obtidos das cultivares Santa Adélia (4,3), Fascínio (4,27) e Hy Color (4,21), e dos frutos colhidos no estádio verde-maduro obteve destaque a cultivar Santa Adélia (5,85), e os frutos que ficaram em temperatura ambiente obtiveram maior média de sólidos solúveis totais (5,55). Palavras-chave: termotolerância; Lycopersicum esculentum Mill; produtividade; pós colheita; ambiente protegido. The performance of determinate growth italian tomato cultivars in protected cropping under high temperatures ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the production, quality and shelf time of determinate growth Italian tomato cultivars from a protected environment under high temperature conditions. The cultivation was conducted in Nova Mutum, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Five cultivars were evaluated: ‘Fascínio’ (Feltrin Sementes), ‘Hy Color’ (Horticeres), ‘Santa Adélia’ (TopSeed), ‘SM-16’ (Seminis) and ‘Supera F1’ (TopSeed), disposed in randomized blocks with four repetitions. The plants were managed into the “meia estaca” tutoring method and were not pruned. The parameters evaluated were related to the production, quality of fruits, shelf time and postharvest quality. The ‘Fascínio’ cultivar presented productivity of 186.1 t ha-1, the largest average fruit weight (144.3 g), the largest fruit gauge (60.7 mm) and the smallest postharvest weight loss (6.23%). The total soluble solids best results of fruits that have matured in the plant were obtained from the ‘Santa Adélia’ (4.3), ‘Fascínio’ (4.27) e ‘Hy Color’ (4.21) cultivars. Among the fruits harvested at the mature-green stage, the ‘Santa Adélia’ (5.85) cultivar stood out. The fruits that stayed at room temperature obtained the largest total soluble solids average (5.55). Keywords: thermotolerance; Lycopersicum esculentum Mill; productivity; postharvest; protected environment.

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Quiroga, G. O. Sozzi, and A. A. Fraschina. "Evaluación de atributos sensoriales y parámetros bioquímicos en frutos de tomate transgénico con reducida actividad de poligalacturonasa / Evaluation of sensory attributes and biochemical parameters in transgenic tomato fruit with reduced polygalacturonase activity." Food Science and Technology International 3, no. 2 (April 1997): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329700300204.

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Sensory, physicochemical and biochemical parameters of fresh market tomatoes were monitored in order to determine the nature and extent of quality changes in transgenic tomato fruit with reduced polygalacturonase activity. Acceptability was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in CR3 transgenic tomatoes than in a commercial long shelf-life hybrid heterozygous for the ripening inhibitor (rin) allele. Preference ratings for CR3 fruits were also significantly superior in some sensory attributes such as colour (p < 0.0002) and flavour (p < 0.0001). A descriptive evaluation of sweetness yielded statistically (p < 0.0143) higher scores for the CR3 control and transgenic fruit, consistent with objec tive measures of soluble solids. Significant increases in survival during longer storage periods were found in polygalacturonase antisense fruits, which were less susceptible to damage or cracking and less prone to infection. In transgenic tomato fruits with reduced polygalacturonase gene expression, the softening rate was not significantly inhibited during ripening but was retarded in the over- ripening stage. Activity assays of α- and β-galactosidases did not show significant differences between antisense and control fruit, except for the β-galactosidase in the breaker stage.

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Trillo-Hernández, Eduardo A., Jesús A. Orozco-Avitia, Ángel J. Ojeda-Contreras, Guillermo Berumen-Varela, Verónica A. Ochoa-Jiménez, Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas, Marisela Rivera-Dominguez, Ma Elena Baez-Flores, Miguel Ángel Hernández-Oñate, and Martín E. Tiznado-Hernández. "ANÁLISIS DE EXPRESIÓN DE GENES CODIFICANTES DE ISOENZIMAS DE RAMNOGALACTURONANO LIASA DURANTE EL DESARROLLO Y LA MADUREZ DEL FRUTO DE TOMATE." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 44, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2021.4.529.

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Tomato cultivation generates great profits for Mexico; however, the distribution of the fruit faces limitations due to the postharvest losses caused by its rapid deterioration. The reduction in fruit firmness is due in part to the degradation of pectin located in the primary cell wall. Several fruits such as strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) show an increase in the expression of genes that code for the enzyme rhamnogalacturonan lyase (RGL) during ripening. In tomato RGL is encoded by a family of 13 multigenes, of which three are active in the fruit. Rhamnogalacturonan l (RG-l) is a polysaccharide that is part of the pectins of the cell wall and is degraded by the RGL enzyme. Thus, the study of changes of RGL in the expression of genes that code for RGL during the development and ripening of tomato fruit will help to elucidate the physiological function of this family of genes. The objective of the present study was to assess the expression profile of genes Solyc04g076630, Solyc04g076660 and Solyc11g011300 and the ethylene production during the development and ripening of the tomato fruit. The Solyc11g011300 gene showed an increase in activity that correlated with the increase in ethylene production in fruits, suggesting that this gene plays a role in the loss of firmness of the fruit during ripening. The high levels of expression of genes Solyc04g076630 and Solyc04g076660 recorded during fruit development suggest their participation in the re-engineering of the RG-I polymer during the initial stages of fruit development.

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Terry Alfonso, Elein, Josefa Ruiz Padrón, and Yudines Carillo Soso. "Efecto de diferentes manejos nutricionales sobre el rendimiento y calidad de frutos de tomate." Agronomía Mesoamericana 29, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ma.v29i2.28889.

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The conversion of high-input agriculture to an agro-ecological approach bring harmony to the environment reducing degraded Agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nutritional management on yield and internal and external quality of tomato fruits as an alternative to the reduction of mineral fertilizers. The research was carried out at the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (INCA) in Cuba, from September 15 to November 30, 2016. A randomized block design with four replications was used to study four treatments: Absolute control (without mineral fertilizer and bioproducts), Partial ecological nutrition (50 % of mineral fertilizer + bioproducts: mycorrhiza and biostimulant), Organic nutrition (organic fertilizer + bioproducts: mycorrhiza and biostimulant), and Conventional nutrition (NPK mineral fertilizer only). Evaluations regarding agricultural yield and its components, bromatological quality of fruits (Brix, acidity, vitamin C content, and nitrates) and postharvest indices (fruit firmness and diameter of endocarp and mesocarp) were performed. Agricultural yield (25.31 t/ha) and the internal quality of fruits (5.23 °Brix; 11.75 SST; 73.29 nitrates; 18.54 vitamin C, and 4.45 dry matter) applying the treatment where 50% of mineral fertilization was dispensed and complemented by bioproducts did not show significant differences with NPK treatment. Regarding the organic variant, the result in agricultural yield was lower (19.42 t/ha), in comparison with control and the ecological variant. Therefore, it is suggested further evaluation of the effect of the reduction of mineral fertilization on tomato crop and its combination with bioproducts.

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Roque, Iara A., Lauriane A. dos A. Soares, Geovani S. de Lima, Sabrina G. de Oliveira, Luderlândio de A. Silva, Alfredina dos S. Araújo, Josivanda P. Gomes, and Alan K. C. de Almeida. "Lactic preservation of cherry tomato cultivated under irrigation with saline waters." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 26, no. 9 (September 2022): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n9p662-669.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of cherry tomato fruits produced under irrigation with saline water and subjected to lactic preservation. The design used was completely randomized, in a 6 × 5 factorial scheme, referring to the preservation by lactic fermentation with six mixtures of salts (100 g L-1 NaCl, 100 g L-1 CaCl2, 100 g L-1 KCl, 50 g L-1 NaCl + 50 g L-1 CaCl2, 50 g L-1 CaCl2 + 50 g L-1 KCl, and 50 g L-1 NaCl + 50 g L-1 KCl) and five levels of electrical conductivity of water (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1), with three replicates. Lactic fermentation brines promoted higher titratable acidity and soluble solids of cherry tomato fruits under saline water irrigation. Irrigation using water with electrical conductivity of 2.3 dS m-1 promoted higher soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio in cherry tomato fruits preserved in the formulations with 50 g L-1 NaCl + 50 g L-1 KCl and 50 g L-1 CaCl2 + 50 g L-1 KCl. The highest moisture contents were found in fruits preserved with 100 g L-1 CaCl2 and 50 g L-1 NaCl + 50 g L-1 CaCl2. Brine formulations for lactic preservation containing 100 g L-1 NaCl and 100 g L-1 CaCl2 promoted higher contents of vitamin C and flavonoids in cherry tomato fruits, regardless of the salinity of irrigation water.

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Enciso Garay, C. R., O. D. Alvarez, G. A. Bogado, and V. R. S. Oviedo. "Dosis de polvo de roca y sus efectos sobre el rendimiento del tomate." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 11, no. 1 (March 22, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v11i1.3998.

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La agricultura sustentable juega un rol muy importante en la producción continua de alimentos, donde se busca reducir la dependencia de fertilizantes minerales y el incremento del uso de fuentes naturales de nutrientes, con bajos impactos en el medio ambiente. Se ha evaluado el efecto de diferentes dosis de polvo de roca de origen basáltico en las características productivas del tomate cultivar Carina, a través de un experimento en el municipio de Caazapá, Departamento de Caazapá, Paraguay, en el periodo de 11/2012 a 04/2013. Los tratamientos consistieron en testigo sin fertilización, testigo experimental con fertilización química (basado en el análisis de suelo) y diferentes dosis de polvo de roca de 0,5; 0,75; 1,0; 1,25; 1,5 y 2,0 t ha-1. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Cada unidad experimental estuvo constituida de 24 plantas, de las cuales fueron evaluadas ocho. Las variables medidas fueron masa media de frutos, rendimiento comercial y número comercial de frutos por planta (> 50 g). La comparación de medias por la prueba de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad arrojó que la fertilización química resultó en mayor rendimiento, masa media de frutos y número de frutos por planta. A partir de la dosis de polvo de roca de 1,0 t ha-1, se encontró efecto significativo sobre el número de frutos por planta y desde 0,75 t ha-1 sobre la masa de frutos y rendimiento, obteniéndose, los mejores resultados con las dosis más elevadas. El análisis de regresión realizado con las dosis de polvo de roca muestra una respuesta lineal creciente para las variables evaluadas.Rock dust dose and its effects on commercial performance of tomatoAbstract: Sustainable agriculture plays a very important role for continuous production of food, where it seeks to reduce the dependence of mineral fertilizers and the increase in the use of natural sources of nutrients, with low impact on the environment. The effect of different doses of rock dust in the productive characteristics of the Carina tomato variety was evaluated through an experiment in Caazapá, Paraguay, in the period 11/2012 to 04/2013. The treatments consisted of: a control without fertilization, experimental control with chemical fertilization (based on soil analysis) and different doses of rock dust: 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5 and 2.0 t ha-1. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks with three replications. Each experimental unit consisted of 24 plants, of which eight were evaluated. The measured variables were fruit mass, yield and commercial number of fruits per plant (> 50 g); means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. Chemical fertilization resulted in higher yields, increased average fruits mass and number of fruits per plant. From the 1.0 t ha-1 rock dust dose a significant effect on the number of fruits per plant was found, as well as from the 0.75 t ha-1 dose on the mass of fruits and yield, obtaining the best results with higher doses. There was an increasing lineal response of the evaluated variables with increasing application of the rock dust.

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Baharudin, Aji, Adib Suyanto, and Sigid Sudaryanto. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Pepaya (Carica papaya L) dan Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L) Untuk Mempercepat Pengomposan Sampah Organik." Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 8, no. 2 (November 16, 2016): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/sanitasi.v8i2.741.

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One way to handle organic waste is by utilizing it as raw material for composting. In this study, to accelerate composting time, papaya and tomato waste were used as inoculant. The aim of the study was to know, between the two fruits waste, which one is more effective, by conducting an experiment with post test only group design. As the study object was organic waste from the yard of Dormitory Building I of Yogyakarta Polytechnic of Health, as much as 60 kg and was ob-tained by integrated sampling technique, meanwhile the two fruits waste were 2 kg and obtained from Serangan Market with purposive sampling technique. Based on the indicators of ripe com-post, from five time replications, the average of composting duration in the treatment group of papaya waste inoculant was 32,3 days, while the time in the tomate waste group was 31,7 days. The results of statistical analysis with indepedent t-test at 95 % level of confidence, gained a p-value less than 0,001. It means that the time-difference between two groups of treatment is signi-ficant. To conclude, used tomato waste is more effective and faster than that of papaya in speed-ing-up the composting process.

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Coulibaly, Noupé Diakaria, Lassina Fondio, Mako François De Paul N’gbesso, Yannick Brindou, Christian Landry Ossey, and André Gabazé Gadji. "Influence des substrats fibre de coco, coque d’arachide et compost de soja sur le comportement de deux variétés de tomates TMA97 et Lindo en culture hydroponique." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i1.17.

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Pour réduire les difficultés des populations urbaines à l’accès à la terre et aussi pour améliorer la qualité de la production maraîchère en évitant les maladies telluriques, la mise au point d’un substrat adapté pour la culture hydroponique a été entreprise. Deux variétés de tomate, TMA97 et Lindo ont été évaluées sur trois substrats : fibres de coco, compost de soja et coques d’arachide. Les observations et mesures ont porté sur la croissance végétative, le délai de floraison puis les paramètres du rendement. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que la meilleure croissance a été obtenue avec la variété Lindo sur les fibres de coco. Le taux de fruits avarié le plus élevé (37%) a également été produit par Lindo sur ce substrat. Par contre, la variété TMA97 cultivée sur le compost de soja en a donné le plus faible (1,3%). Statistiquement, les rendements potentiels et nets ont été identiques chez les variétés de tomates étudiées. Mais numériquement, les rendements nets ont été plus élevés chez TMA97 que chez Lindo quel que soit le substrat utilisé. Chez la variété Lindo, les rendements nets les plus importants ont été obtenus avec le compost de soja. Les coques d’arachide ont donné les faibles rendements. Concernant la variété TMA97, les valeurs les plus élevées ont été produites sur les fibres de coco ; alors que lesplus petites valeurs ont été observées sur les coques d’arachide. Mots clés : Tomate, hydroponie, solution nutritive, substrat, rendement. English Title: Influence of coconut fiber, peanut shell and soybean compost substrates on the behavior of two tomato varieties TMA97 and Lindo in hydroponic cultivationTo reduce the urban population's difficulties in accessing land and also to improve the quality of vegetable production by avoiding telluric diseases, the development of a suitable substrate for hydroponic cultivation has been undertaken. Two varieties of tomato, TMA97 and Lindo were evaluated on three substrates: coconut fibers, soy compost and peanut shells. Observations and measurements focused on vegetative growth, flowering time, and yield parameters. The results obtained showed that the best growth was obtained with the Lindo variety on coconut fibres. The highest rate of damaged fruit (37%) was also produced by Lindo on this substrate. On the other hand, the variety TMA97 grown on soy compost gave the lowest (1.3%). Statistically, potential and net yields were identical in the tomato varieties studied. But numerically, the net yields are higher in TMA97 than in Lindo regardless of the substrate used. In the Lindo variety, the highest net yields were obtained with soy compost. Peanut shells gave low yields. For the TMA97 variety, the highest values were produced on coconut fibers; while the smallest values were observed on peanut shells. Keywords : Tomato, hydroponics, nutrient solution, substrate, yield.

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Ilahy, Riadh, Chafik Hdider, and Imen Tlili. "Isolation et Concentration des Plastes Intacts à Partir des Fruits de Tomate." Annales de l'Inrat 89, Numéro Spécial (2016): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0028714.

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Luna Murillo, Ricardo Augusto, Juan José Reyes Pérez, Kleber Augusto Espinosa Cunuhay, Marcelo Vicente Luna Murillo, Fiamma Valeria Luna Quintana, Martha Victoria Celi Mero, Ana Lucia Espinoza Coronel, et al. "EFECTO DE DIFERENTES ABONOS ORGÁNICOS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE TOMATE (Solanum lycopersicum, L)/ EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTION OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum, L)." Biotecnia 18, no. 3 (December 29, 2016): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v18i3.333.

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Entre los sistemas de producción orgánica bajo condiciones controladas, la producción de hortalizas con aplicación de enmiendas es una práctica que se ha extendido a escala mundial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos de los abonos orgánicos sobre algunas variables de producción en plantas de tomate. Las evaluaciones se realizaron a los 65 días después del trasplante, utilizándose abonos orgánicos edáficos y foliares y un tratamiento control. Los tratamientos fueron aplicados una vez sembradas las plantas a los 30 días, siguiendo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar. Sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos se comprobó que a los 65 días después de la siembra, los abonos humus de lombriz más ácido húmico tienen una influencia positiva sobre el número y peso total de frutos; el tratamiento bocaschi más ácido húmico fue superior al diámetro del fruto. ABSTRACTAmong the organic production systems under controlled conditions, vegetable production with application of amendments is a practice that has spread worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers on some production variables tomato plants. Evaluations were performed at 65 days after transplantation, using different soil and foliar organic fertilizers and a control treatment. The treatments were applied once planted plants at 30 days, following an experimental randomized block design. Based on the results obtained it was found that at 65 days after sowing, the humus fertilizer more acids plus humic have a positive influence on the total number of fruits, and the total weight of fruits, and treatment bocaschi plus humic acid was higher in the diameter of the fruit.

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Romero-Rodríguez, Angélica, Héctor S. Luna-Zendejas, Aida Solis-Oba, Rigoberto Castro-Rivera, A. Dagoberto Armenta-Bojórquez, and M. Myrna Solís-Oba. "Evaluation of the tomato quality fertilized with sargassum extract from the Mexican Caribbean and mycorrhizae." Mexican journal of biotechnology 7, no. 3 (July 18, 2022): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29267/mxjb.2022.7.3.15.

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Tomato is one of the agricultural products with the highest economic value in the world, for its production agrochemicals are generally used, however, their excessive use has caused environmental problems. A commercial sargassum extract was evaluated as a fertilizer for tomato cultivation, it was applied at 2 (N2), 5 (N5) and 8% (N8), with and without inoculation (400 spores) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; mineral fertilization (C+) and no fertilization (C-) were used as controls. With C+ the highest number and weight of tomatoes were obtained, but the fruits were mostly small in diameter; with organic fertilization, medium-sized fruits were obtained, and they surpassed those of C- in all the parameters evaluated. The highest content of carotenoids was found in the tomatoes from N2, N5, N8 and NM8, the highest amount of sugar in the fruits from N5, N8 and NM8, the highest maturity and flavor indices in all organically fertilized with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi except NM5. The use of sargassum as a fertilizer is a good alternative to avoid the problems caused by its excessive arrival on the coasts, and it is given added value since a biofertilizer is obtained that helps production and improves the quality of tomatoes.

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Oumarou, Traoré, Ouédraogo R. Adèle, Dianda Z. Oumarou, Boro Fousseni, Bouda Etienne, and Wonni Issa. "Effets des Amendements Organiques sur la Gale Bactérienne et la Pourriture Apicale de la Tomate à Bobo-Dioulasso au Burkina Faso." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 33 (November 30, 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n33p17.

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L’étude a porté sur les effets des amendements organiques sur la gale bactérienne et la pourriture apicale de la tomate en milieu réel à l’Ouest du Burkina Faso. Un essai a été mis en place dans un dispositif en bloc de Fisher complètement randomisé. Il a comporté huit (08) traitements constitués des fertilisants organiques et minéraux tous répétés quatre (04) fois. L’incidence de la maladie et sa sévérité ont été évaluées ainsi que l’effet des traitements sur la qualité des fruits. La progression est relativement faible avec les déchets ménagers compostés associés aux engrais minéraux. La maladie est plus sévère avec les différents fertilisants pris individuellement. Dans l’ensemble, la maladie est évolutive avec tous les traitements. The study focused on the effects of organic amendments on bacterial scab and apical rot of tomato in a real environment in western Burkina Faso. Indeed, a trial was set up in a completely randomized Fisher block design. It included eight (08) treatments consisting of organic and mineral fertilizers all repeated four (04) times. The incidence of the disease and its severity were evaluated as well as the effect of the treatments on the quality of the fruits. The disease is progressive with all treatments. However, the progression is relatively low with composted household waste associated with mineral fertilizers. The disease is more severe with the different fertilizers taken individually.

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Valle-Guadarrama, Salvador, Adalberto Gómez-Cruz, Fabiola Cruz-Cruz, and Armando Chan-Chi. "Modeling of a modified atmosphere to preserve husk tomato (Physalis ixocarpa BROT.) fruits." Ingeniería Agrícola y Biosistemas 1, no. 1 (2015): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.inagbi.2009.05.004.

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OUIMET, ROCK, JOSÉE CHARBONNEAU, ANDRÉ GOSSELIN, LÉON-ÉTIENNE PARENT, JACQUES BLAIN, and PIERRE JOYAL. "EFFETS DE LA COMPOSITION DU SUBSTRAT TOURBEUX ET DU VOLUME DES SACS DE CULTURE SUR LA PRODUCTIVITÉ DE LA TOMATE DE SERRE." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-073.

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A large-fruited greenhouse tomato cultivar (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Dombello’) was grown in 12-, 24- and 36-L bags containing three types of peat:perlite substrates (85:15, 70:30 and 55:45, vol:vol). The control consisted of 36-L bags containing peat only. Plant density was three plants per bag, i.e. 3.22 plants m−2. Early and total yields of marketable and nonmarketable fruits were measured. Early yields were higher for plants grown in 12- or 24-L bags as compared to those grown in 36-L bags, although blossom-end rot followed the same trend. Seasonal cumulative yields were not influenced significantly by bag size and substrate composition. Reduced perlite content and bag size increased the incidence of blossom-end rot. The incidence of blossom-end rot and average fruit weight indicate that reduction of root-zone volume and air porosity increased water stress. Greenhouse tomatoes can be grown successfully in smaller bag sizes containing peat substrate amended with more than 15% perlite.Key words: Tomato, peat-lite substrates, root-zone restriction, blossom-end rot, fruit weight, grow bag

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Almeida, Marcelo Jose de, Cleiton Mateus Sousa, Mariella Camargo Rocha, Vinicius De Melo Benites, and Jose Carlos Polidoro. "REPOSIÇÃO DEFICITÁRIA DE ÁGUA E ADUBAÇÃO COM ORGANOMINERAL NO CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL." IRRIGA 24, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2019v24n1p69-85.

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REPOSIÇÃO DEFICITÁRIA DE ÁGUA E ADUBAÇÃO COM ORGANOMINERAL NO CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL* MARCELO JOSÉ DE ALMEIDA1; CLEITON MATEUS SOUSA2; MARIELLA CAMARGO ROCHA3; VINÍCIUS DE MELO BENITES4 E JOSÉ CARLOS POLIDORO5 * Parte da Dissertação do primeiro autor apresentada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Irrigação no Cerrado 1 Mestre em Irrigação no Cerrado, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Irrigação no Cerrado, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano – Campus Ceres (IF Goiano – Campus Ceres), Rodovia GO 154, km 3, Caixa Postal 51, Ceres/GO/Brasil, CEP: 763300-000. marcelo.almeida@ifgoiano.edu.br 2 Doutor em Fitotecnia pela Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Irrigação no Cerrado, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano – Campus Ceres (IF Goiano – Campus Ceres), Rodovia GO 154, km 3, Caixa Postal 51, Ceres/GO/Brasil, CEP: 763300-000. cleiton.sousa@ifgoiano.edu.br 3 Doutora em Fitotecnia pela Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Bolsista de Desenvolvimento Científico Regional do CNPq/FAPEG desenvolvido no Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Ceres, Rodovia GO 154, km 3, Caixa Postal 51, Ceres/GO/Brasil, CEP: 763300-000. marigonnis@gmail.com 4 Doutor em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos, Rua Jardim Botânico 1.024, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro/RJ/Brasil, CEP: 22460-000. vinicius.benites@embrapa.br 5 Doutor em Agronomia (Ciências do Solo) pela Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos, Rua Jardim Botânico 1.024, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro/RJ/Brasil, CEP: 22460-000. jose.polidoro@embrapa.br 1 RESUMO O ajuste de estratégias de adubação aliadas ao manejo racional da irrigação para o uso sustentável da água na produção de tomateiro destinado ao processamento industrial pode contribuir com a cultura do tomate. Avaliou-se a influência da adubação organomineral e de lâminas de reposição deficitária aplicadas via gotejamento sobre o crescimento e a produtividade do tomateiro industrial. Conduziu-se um experimento em campo utilizando a cultivar de tomateiro industrial BRS Sena. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (4 x 2), sendo quatro lâminas de irrigação (55, 70, 85 e 100% da ETC) e fertilizantes (organomineral e mineral). A irrigação utilizada foi por gotejamento e realizada diariamente de acordo com a evapotranspiração de referência (ET0). Avaliou-se: altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de ramos laterais, número de frutos por planta, produtividade, produção de frutos planta-1, percentual de frutos defeituosos, massa fresca frutos defeituosos, percentual de podridão mole nos frutos, percentual de lóculos abertos, percentual de escaldadura nos frutos, percentual de broca grande nos frutos, percentual de podridão apical nos frutos, diâmetro longitudinal médio, diâmetro equatorial médio, sólidos solúveis totais, massa fresca de frutos e massa seca de frutos. A aplicação de fertilizante organomineral proporcionou maior produção de frutos por planta e maior diâmetro de frutos. As características biométricas correlacionaram-se entre si. A produção de frutos por planta e a produtividade aumentam linearmente com o incremento da taxa de reposição da evapotranspiração diária do tomateiro. Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicum L., organomineral, reposição de água deficitária, manejo da irrigação ALMEIDA, M. J.; SOUSA, C. M.; ROCHA, M. C.; BENITES, V. M.; POLIDORO, J.C. REPLENISHMENT OF WATER AND FERTILIZATION WITH ORGANO-MINERAL IN THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL TOMATO. 2 ABSTRACT The adjustment of fertilization management strategies associated with the rational management of irrigation for the sustainable use of water in the production of tomato destined for industrial processing can contribute to tomato crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of organomineral fertilization and replacement of deficient depths applied by drip irrigation on the growth and yield of industrial tomato. An experiment was conducted in field using BRS Sena industrial tomato cultivar. A randomized complete experimental block design was used in a factorial scheme (4 x 2), with four irrigation depths (55, 70, 85 and 100% ETC) and fertilizers (organomineral and mineral). The irrigation used was by drip system and performed daily according to the reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The following items were assessed: plant height, stem diameter, number of lateral branches, number of fruits per plant, productivity, plant-1 fruit production, percentage of defective fruits, fresh mass defective fruits, percentage of soft rot in fruits, percentage of open lobes, percentage of fruit scald, percentage of large fruit borer, percentage of apical rot in fruits, average longitudinal diameter, average equatorial diameter, total soluble solids, fresh fruit mass and dry fruit mass. The application of organomineral fertilizer resulted in higher production and diameter of fruits per plant. Biometric characteristics correlated with each other. Fruit production per plant and productivity increased linearly with the increase in the replacement rate of daily evapotranspiration of tomato. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L., organo-mineral, deficit water replacement, irrigation management

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Akroum, Souâd, and Moad Rouibah. "Utilisation d’extraits méthanoliques de plantes pour la protection des cultures de tomates-cerises (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) contre l’infection fongique par Alternaria alternata." Biologie Aujourd’hui 214, no. 1-2 (2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2020001.

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La tomate-cerise est un fruit très sujet aux infections fongiques qui peuvent causer des dégâts considérables dans les cultures et lors de la conservation. Les alternarioses comptent parmi les altérations les plus répandues et dangereuses pour ce fruit. Elles sont causées par Alternaria alternata ou d’autres espèces appartenant au même genre. Dans ce travail, nous avons testé l’activité antifongique d’extraits méthanoliques de cinq plantes récoltées dans la région de Jijel (Algérie) sur A. alternata. L’activité a d’abord été testée in vitro, puis sur des plants de tomates-cerises cultivés sous serre : les extraits ont été appliqués sur des plants sains, avant l’infection, afin de tester leur action préventive, et après l’infection pour déterminer s’ils sont capables de traiter l’alternariose. Les résultats ont montré que les extraits de Rosmarinus officinalis et Lavandula angustifolia étaient les plus actifs in vitro sur A. alternata. L’observation microscopique de la moisissure a indiqué que ces extraits agissaient en inhibant sa production de dictyospores. L’activité antifongique testée sur les plants cultivés sous serre a révélé que l’extrait de R. officinalis était toujours le plus actif. Venaient ensuite les extraits de L. angustifolia et Punica granatum qui n’ont pas permis la protection des plants contre l’alternariose, mais qui ont néanmoins donné une guérison totale à la fin du traitement. Les extraits de Quercus suber et Eucalyptus globulus étaient les moins actifs. Ils n’ont permis ni la prévention, ni la guérison complète des plants. Le comptage des dictyospores réalisé sur les fruits à la fin du traitement a confirmé les résultats obtenus pour les cultures sous serre.

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Silva Júnior, Josué Fereira da, Alexsandro Oliveira da Silva, Antonio Evaldo Klar, Ilca Puertas de Freitas e. Silva, and Adriana Aki Tanaka. "PRODUÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CULTURA DO TOMATE SUBMETIDA A DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA." IRRIGA 23, no. 2 (October 9, 2018): 298–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2018v23n2p298-313.

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PRODUÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CULTURA DO TOMATE SUBMETIDA A DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA JOSUÉ FERREIRA SILVA JUNIOR¹; ALEXSANDRO OLIVEIRA DA SILVA²; ANTONIO EVALDO KLAR³; ILCA PUERTAS DE FREITAS E SILVA4 E ADRIANA AKI TANAKA5 1 Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Campus de Iturama, Av. Rio Paranaiba, 1925, Centro, Iturama-MG. E-mail: josuefsjr@hotmail.com 2 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, 2977, Fortaleza-CE. E-mail: alexsandro@ufc.br 3Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Lageado, Botucatu-SP. E-mail: klar@fca.unesp.br 4 Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Cassilândia –MS, E-mail:ilca_pfs@yahoo.br 5 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Vice-Reitoria, Campus Universitário de Sinop. Av. Alexandre Ferronato, Setor Industria, Sinop-MT. Email: dritanak@hotmail 1 RESUMO O manejo incorreto da irrigação é um dos principais causadores da degradação do solo e da queda no rendimento das culturas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a interação do déficit hídrico e estresse salino no desenvolvimento da cultura do tomate. O experimento foi conduzido em vaso, sob ambiente protegido em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 3 x 3 e doze repetições, sendo os fatores constituídos por três níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (0; 3 e 5 dS m-1) e três potenciais de água no solo (-10; -30 e -60 kPa). As variáveis analisadas foram: altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, fitomassa verde e fitomassa seca da parte aérea, área foliar, teor relativo de água na folha, número médio de frutos por planta, peso médio dos frutos e porcentagem de frutos com podridão apical. As coletas foram realizadas aos 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias após semeadura (DAS), com exceção da variável teor relativo de água na folha que ocorreu aos 90, 105 e 120 DAS. Os resultados mostraram que o efeito do déficit hídrico influenciou, de forma negativa, as variáveis altura de planta (redução de 16% a 27%), número de frutos, teor relativo de água nas folhas e porcentagem de frutos com podridão apical; e que o estresse salino reduziu, de forma mais acentuada, as variáveis fitomassa verde (redução de 40%), fitomassa seca (redução de 47%), diâmetro do caule, área foliar e peso médio de frutos (redução de 33% a 44%). Palavras-chave: salinidade, déficit hídrico, condutividade elétrica. SILVA JUNIOR, J. F.; SILVA, A. O.; KLAR, A. E.; FREITAS E SILVA, I. P.; TANAKA, A. A. YIELD AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO CROP USING DIFFERENT WATER MANAGEMENTS AND WATER QUALITY 2 ABSTRACT Incorrect irrigation management is one of the main factors of degradation in soil and low yield of crop. The experiment aimed at investigating the interaction between water deficit and salt stress on tomato’s growth. The experiment was conducted in pot under protected environment, on a completely randomized design in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme with 12 repetitions, with three levels of electrical conductivity in irrigation water (0, 3 and 5 dS m-1) and three levels of soil water potential (-10, -30 and -60 kPa). The variables analyzed were as follows: plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry matter of aerial part, leaf area index, relative water content, number of fruits, weight of fruit and percentage of fruits with blossom-end rot. Data collections were performed at 75, 90, 105 and 120 days after sowing (DAS), exception for relative water content that occurred in the three most recent events. Results showed that water deficit influenced negatively the following variables: plant height (reduction of 16% and 27%), number of fruits, relative content of water in the leaves and percentage of fruit with rotting apical and that salt stress reduced, in a more accentuated way, the variables green phytomass (reduction of 40%) and dry matter (reduction of 47%), stem diameter, leaf area index and weight of fruit (reduction of 33% and 44%). Keywords: salinity, water deficit, electrical conductivity.

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Morales Nicolau, Yasmelkis, Pedro Jesús López Labarta, José Luis Montejo Viamontes, Pavel Chaveli Chávez, and Delmys Triana González. "Empleo de productos bioorgánicos para incrementar el rendimiento del cultivo del tomate (Lycopersicum sculentum Mill)." Revista Metropolitana de Ciencias Aplicadas 4, Suplemento 1 (June 1, 2021): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62452/hpp71a23.

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The investigation was carried out in the property Los Ángeles belonging to the Cooperative of Credits and Services Hugo Camejo in the municipality of Camagüey on a low and fairly deep typical Grizzly Brown floor of natural fertility, having as objective the employment of the products bioorganic to increase the yield in the cultivation of the tomato variety Botijón in the productive unit. The used experimental design was randomized block with six treatments and four replicas, for the analysis of variance of simple classification the statistical package SPSS version was used 11. 5.1 and where there was significance the test of multiple ranges of Duncan it was applied for a level of significance of 0,05%, being the evaluated indicators the height of the plant, grosor of the shaft, perimeter of the fruit, number of fruits and agricultural yield. The best obtained results were in the treatments represented by fortified liquid humus, Bayfolan Forte and Fitomas E, los which don't differ among them but yes with relationship to the rest, what demonstrates that the use of these products bioorganic constitutes alternative agroecological that allow an agricultural sostenibility and a better care of the environment.

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Timuška, Agris. "Paradīzes ābols un tā līdzinieki Eiropas valodās: ģeolingvistisks pārskats." Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings, no. 25 (November 23, 2021): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2021.25.157.

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The article deals with the semantic motivation of names denoting tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). It is based on the material recorded in subdialects of European languages as answers to the questionnaire of the Atlas Linguarum Europae and presented in a geolinguistic map. In general, 6motivational groups of names have been established: 1) names based on Nahuatl tomatl, cf. Fr. tomate, Gm. Tomate, Port., It. tomata, Engl., Welsh, Irish, Scots, Manx tomato, Latv. t(u)omāts / t(u)omats / tumāts, Lith. tumãtas, etc.; 2) names based on Nahuatl tomatl with voiced anlaut, cf. Gr., Turk. domata, Alb. domate, Mac. domat, Serb. domatija; 3a) ‘apple of paradise’, cf. Gm. Paradeisapfel, Cr. paradajske, Hung. paradiscom, Cz. paradajka / rajče; 3b) ‘love-apple’, cf. Engl. love-apple / apple of love, Gm. Liebesapfel, Fr. pomme d'amour, It. pomodamore; 3c) ‘small apple’, cf. Cors. pumata, Sard. bomata; 3d) ‘golden apple’, cf. It. pomodoro, Russ., Bruss., Ukr., Pol., Cr. pomidor, Lith. pomidoras / pamidoras / pamidoris, Latv. pamidòrs, etc.; 3e) ‘Frankish apple’, cf. Gr. frango¬milo, Bulg. frenki; 3f) ‘swine-apple’, cf. Kalm. haxan aľmn; 4a) ‘egg-plant’, cf. Bulg. patladžan, Russ., Ukr. baklažan; 4b) ‘Frankish egg-plant’, cf. Gr. frangomɛlindzána; 4c) ‘red(dish) egg-plant’, cf. Bosn. crveni patlidžan; 5a) ‘red tomato’, cf. Bulg. črveno domate; 5b) ‘red cucumber’, cf. Kum. k՚՚yzylbadirdzag; 6) ‘sth. red / pink’, cf. Rum. roşie / roşă. Having examined the attested forms regarding their origin and semantics, the author concludes that the names denoting a tomato plant or its fruit are rich in variants in the Baltic languages. But in some European languages, the tomato has been named after another fruit or vegetable (preferably apple, eggplant, and cucumber). Some phraseological units using the name of tomato are met in colloquial German. Only a few toponyms with the names of tomato have been attested in Latvian toponymy; there are no anthroponyms derived from them.

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Borrego, Fernando, Alfonso López, José M. Fernández, Margarita Murillo, Sergio A. Rodríguez, Alfonso Reyes, and Juan M. Martínez. "Evaluación agronómica de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) en invernadero." Agronomía Mesoamericana 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v12i1.17246.

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The main objective of this work was to determine the adaptation potential of tomato genotypes for greenhouse. Genotypes evaluated were: hybrids: Contessa, Summer Flavor 5000, Summer Flavor 6000, Celebrity, Bonita, Shady Lady, Sunbolt, Sunny, Heat Wave and Olympic; and the variety Flora Dade, as a check. The variables evaluated were: yield, agroclimatic and physiological. agroclimatic and physiological variables were determine in three evaluations in the crop cycle, at three times/day and two leaf positions, in each evaluation. Significant correlations were found (p≤0.05) between yield in t/ha and mean yield by plant, fruits by plant at harvest, and yield by plant, and between photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Principal component analysis showed first five components have an Eigenvalue greater than one, explaining the first three with a 72% of total variance. The first component, with a 36% of total variance is due to “The yield characteristics” component two, with a 23% of total variance, is due to “internal temperature regulation characteristics” and component five, with a 7.4% of variation, to “photosyntates efficient production”. Multiple linear regression analysis difference was significant (p<0.01). Yield in t/ha was explained by the multiple linear equation (r2 =0.98) of four variables.

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Tremblay, Nicholas, and Yvon Perron. "Effets de la fertilisation azotée et des conditions d'application de l'éthéphon sur la productivité de la tomate de transformation cv. Heinz 2653." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 1203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-168.

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Processing tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Heinz' 2653) were grown during the years 1986–1988 to study the effects on fruit yield of side-dressed N rates (45, 90 or 135 kg N ha−1), ethephon spraying date (early or late) and dose (3.5 or 5.5 L ha−1). Total fruit production in 1987 was much higher than in 1986 and 1988. Early ethephon application increased by 6% the weight of #1 fruits which became more numerous, although smaller in size. The effect of the ethephon application date on yield was subject to production characteristics particular to each year. On the other hand, the effect of the ethephon dose was constant regardless of yearly conditions. The high ethephon dose did not significantly improve #1 fruit yield. Increasing N rate enhanced foliar N content but did not modify yield. It is suggested that N originating from sources other than the banded fertilizer maintained sufficient N levels for optimal growth. Key words: Ethrel, Lycopersicon esculentum, quality, ripening, yield, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid

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Parra-Terraza, Saúl. "Mixture design to optimize the proportions of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in nutrient solution for hydroponically-grown tomato." Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 30, no. 2 (2024): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2023.07.005.

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The methodology for mixture design can be used to optimize the proportions of ions in nutrient solution, thereby maximizing crop yield; however, it is rarely used. The aim of this work was to apply a mixture design to evaluate nutrient solutions with different proportions of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the average weight, number and yield of fruits, and to determine the optimal combination that maximizes the fruit yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Legionario) grown in a closed hydroponic system. The simplex-lattice experimental design {3,2} was used, with 10 nutrient solutions and a total concentration of 40 meq∙L-1 of ions in each solution. The maximum values of fruit number and yield (27 and 135.8 t∙ha-1, respectively) were obtained with proportions of 0.375 K+, 0.400 Ca2+ and 0.225 Mg2+ in the nutrient solution, equivalent to 7.5, 8 and 4.5 meq∙L-1, respectively. The polynomial regression model estimated to predict yield as a function of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ mixtures is of the fourth degree (special quartic), with a coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.81, which explains 81 % of the variability of the yield data. The maximum estimated yield was 142 t∙ha-1, with partial desirability of 0.964, which would be obtained with 0.358 K+, 0.421 Ca2+ and 0.220 Mg2+, equivalent to 7.28, 8.26 and 4.46 meq∙L-1, respectively, in the nutrient solution.

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Santana, Márcio José, and Thiago Assumpção Vieira. "RESPOSTA DO TOMATEIRO IRRIGADO A NÍVEIS DE REPOSIÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO." IRRIGA 15, no. 4 (December 20, 2010): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2010v15n4p443.

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O principal objetivo da irrigação é proporcionar às culturas a quantidade necessária de água para sua produção, sem excesso ou déficit, evitando assim desperdícios. O atual experimento foi conduzido no setor de Olericultura do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, campus de Uberaba, MG, nos meses de maio a novembro de 2008. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade da cultura do tomate, submetido a diferentes níveis de reposição de água de irrigação, determinando a lâmina ótima física, bem como o rendimento da cultura. O delineamento experimental foi o DIC, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de cinco níveis de reposição de água no solo (70%, 100%, 130%, 160% e 190% da lâmina para elevar o solo à capacidade de campo). As variáveis avaliadas foram produtividade, número de frutos, diâmetro do caule, altura da planta e eficiência do uso da água. A produtividade foi prejudicada pelo déficit e excesso de água. A lâmina ótima física foi de 581,4 mm com produtividade de 72,63 ton ha-1. UNITERMOS: manejo irrigação; produtividade tomate. SANTANA, M.J. de; VIEIRA, T.A.; BARRETO, A.C. ; CRUZ, O.C.da TOMATO RESPONSE IRRIGATED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SOIL WATER REPLACEMENT 2 ABSTRACT The irrigation main goal is to provide the crops the amount of water needed to produce without excess or deficit avoiding waste. This experiment was carried out in the Horticulture sector of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Triângulo Mineiro, Campus Uberaba – MG – Brazil, from May to November 2008. The objective of the study was to evaluate the tomato yield under different irrigation levels determining the optimum water depth as well as the productivity. The design was DIC with four replications. Treatments consisted of five levels of soil replenishment (70%, 100%, 130%, 160% and 190% of the water amount to raise the soil water content to field capacity). The evaluated variables were: crop yield, number of fruits, plant height, stem diameter and efficiency in water used. The yield was affected by water deficit and excess; and the optimum water depth amount was 581,4 mm with 72,63 ton ha-1. KEY-WORDS: irrigation; tomato yield.

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GARANE, Ali, Koussao SOME, Jeanne NiKIEMA, Koala OUANGO, Mamoudou TRAORE, and Mahamadou SAWADOGO. "Fréquences d’application d’engrais minéraux: Impact sur les variables de croissance et de développement de la tomate hivernale (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) sous serre au centre du Burkina Faso." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 41.3 (September 30, 2019): 7068–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v41-3.9.

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1 RESUME L’objectif de l’étude a été d’évaluer l’effet des fréquences d’apport des engrais minéraux sur les variables de croissance, de développement, de précocité et de productivité des variétés de tomate en culture sous abri en saison pluvieuse. Trois doses, de NPK et d’urée ont été apportées sur les plants de variétés «Padama», «Thorgal» et «Tomy» de tomate dans un essai sous abri de mai à août 2014 en régime pluvial. Le dispositif expérimental était un split-plot avec 4 répétitions, ayant pour facteur principal les trois fréquences de fertilisation et le facteur secondaire la variété. Les observations et mesures ont porté sur la hauteur et le diamètre de la tige principale des plants, les dates de floraison et de nouaison, la hauteur d’insertion du 1er bouquet floral, les nombres de fleurs et de grappes à fruit par plant. Nos résultats ont montré que les plants issus d’un apport de NPK et d’urée toutes les trois semaines (F2) ont cru plus rapidement que ceux qui étaient sous F1 (2 semaines) et F3 (apport unique). De même, cette fréquence d’apport a induit une hauteur d’insertion plus élevé du 1er bouquet floral chez tous les cultivars. Toutefois il a été constaté une similarité des diamètres de la tige principale sous les trois fréquences d’apport pour chaque variété. L’apport unique (F3) et toutes les deux semaines (F1) d’engrais NPK et d’Urée, ont augmenté la préciosité chez toutes les variétés par rapport à l’apport toutes les trois semaines (F2). Aucunes différences significatives entre les trois traitements pour le nombre de bouquets floraux et de grappes à fruits n’ont été observées. Mineral fertilizers application frequencies: impact on the growth and development parameters of winter tomato under greenhouse in central Burkina Faso ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of mineral fertilizer input frequencies on growth, development, earliness and productivity variables of tomato varieties under rainy season cover crops. Three doses of NPK and urea were applied to tomato "Padama", "Thorgal" and "Tomy" seedlings in a shelter trial from May to August 2014 under rainfed conditions. The experimental design was a split-plot with 4 repetitions, with the main factor being the three frequencies of fertilization and the secondary factor the variety. Observations and measurements related to the height and diameter of the main stem of the plants, the dates of flowering and fruit set, the insertion height of the 1st floral bouquet, the numbers of flowers and fruit clusters per plant. Our results showed that plants fed with NPK and urea every three weeks (F2) grew faster than those under F1 (two weeks) and F3 (one application). Likewise, this feeding frequency induced a higher insertion height of the 1st floral bouquet in all cultivars. However, a similarity of the diameter of the main stem was found under the three delivery frequencies for each variety. The single (F3) and biweekly (F1) intake of NPK and Urea fertilizers increased the preciosity in all varieties compared to the intake every three weeks (F2). No significant differences between the three treatments for the number of flower bouquets and fruit clusters were observed.

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Ayala, Jaime E., Rodolfo Godinez, and Maritza De Doñan. "Efecto del asocio tomate-maíz para el control de (Alternaria solani) y Phytophthora infestans en el valle de Zapotitan." Agronomía Mesoamericana 3 (June 22, 2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v3i0.25209.

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In the horticultural zone in Zapotitán, the tomato crop is affected by several diseases, but more heavily by those of fungal origin, among which stabd out the early blight (A. solani) and late blight (P. infestans). The trial was conducted at the San Andres Experiment Station, located at 450 masl average temperature of 23,8°C, a relative humidity of 36% and the soil pH of 6.3 to determine the effect of the corn plant as a living barrier. A split-plot, complete randomized block experimental design with four replications was used. Nine treatments were evaluated, divided in area of 3496 m2. were the large plts were the intercropping times and the useful area. The parameters evaluated were: severity of both pathogens and number of infested plants, tomato’s plant height, number of fruits and yield. Apartial budget analysis was conducted. The tomato crop responded favorably to the corn intercropping, lowering the incidence of A.solani and P. infestans. the corn intercropping planted 20 days before trasplanting and every three rows of tomato showed a lower severity of both pathogens, lower number of infested plants and registered the largest height of the tomato plants, which was ovrious be cause of the low severity when compared to the other treatments. The same treatment produced the largest number of fruits, yielding 22.687 kg/ha, being superior to the remaining treatments which fluctuated around 19.000 kg/ha. The analysis of the partial budget showed anet benefit, with the corn treatment 20 days before trasplanting and every three rows of tomato, of ¢ 8.500 which is higher to the benefits produced with the other treatments.

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Bolívar, Gonzalo, Ernesto Cañarte, Luis Duicela, and José Navarrete. "Interaction between the incidence of Prodiplosis longifila Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and management practices in tomato crops in Manabí, Ecuador." Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia 39, no. 4 (October 2, 2022): e223950. http://dx.doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n4.05.

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The insect pest Prodiplosis longifila Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), causes severe losses to the tomato crop in Ecuador, in the provinces of Manabí, Pichincha, Carchi, Cotopaxi, Azuay, and Chimborazo, where the main producing areas of this solanaceous crop in the country are located. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of the incidence of this pest with tomato crop management practices. The evaluations were carried out in twenty-five production units in different cantons of Manabí: in Bolívar (two), Portoviejo (eight), Rocafuerte (five), Santa Ana (one), Sucre (three) and Tosagua (six). Each unit had an area of 2500 m2, where 25 plants were randomly marked and the number of healthy, infested and damaged shoots was recorded, as well as the number of healthy and damaged fruits. In addition, a survey was applied to growers to determine the management practices carried out during the crop cycle. Descriptive analysis, significance tests, hierarchical clustering and chi-square tests were carried out. It was determined that in the cantons of Portoviejo, Tosagua and Rocafuerte, infestations did not exceed 13 % and a severity of up to 15 %, reaching 25 % of damaged fruit in Tosagua. The agronomic practices applied were trellising, drip and gravity irrigation, collection of infested fruit and chemical insecticides. There was an interaction with P. longifila between infested fruit collection and trellising, which influenced its infestation and severity, respectively. These incidences were significantly high at harvest, where highly toxic insecticide applications were substantially increased indiscriminately.

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Taravera, Mario E., and José R. Padilla. "Evaluación de coberturas orgánicas y plásticas para el control de malezas en tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller)." Agronomía Mesoamericana 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2006): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v11i2.17323.

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Three organic mulches were evaluated: pine sawdust, sugar cane dry-bagasse, rice chaff, along with two plastic coverings: Black plastic, gray plastic and a relative control. Trifluralin was applied in pre-sowing. Hilling was applied 15 days-after treatment and weeds were controlled manually 50 days-after treatment. Seedings from Peto 98 were obtained from a greenhouse. A completely randomized block design with four repetitions was used. The higher incidence of weeds was found when using organic mulches this affected the yields of fruits. The higher return was obtained with the plastic coverings.

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Arias, Mario Lobo. "Recursos genéticos y mejoramiento de frutales andinos: una visión conceptual." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 7, no. 2 (January 4, 2007): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol7_num2_art:68.

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Los frutales andinos comprenden especies con diversos grados de desarrollo y con potencial importante en los países del área. Su cultivo generalmente se realiza con materiales de agricultor heterogéneos sin aplicación de recomendaciones tecnológicas con enfoque sistémico. La eficiencia productiva y la competitividad de estas especies dependen de la constitución de colecciones de los taxa cultivados y especies relacionadas, debidamente conocidos en sus atributos, que hagan posible el desarrollo de variedades que representen soluciones a problemas limitantes. En el corto plazo la oferta de materiales para la siembra puede basarse en procesos selectivos en las poblaciones locales, con enfoque participativo y clonación de individuos superiores. En el mediano y largo plazos ésta puede enfocarse en la creación de una base genética amplia, enriquecida con atributos de las especies silvestres relacionadas. La selección y clonación masiva deben apoyarse, preferiblemente, en cultivo de tejidos, con propagación de diversos clones para prevenir la vulnerabilidad. Hasta el presente, en Colombia se han conformado colecciones de varios frutales andinos, se han llevado a cabo procesos de caracterización de la variabilidad y se han desarrollado algunas actividades de mejoramiento. Éstas corresponden a domesticación, premejoramiento y mejoramiento en lulo y premejoramiento en tomate de árbol con relación a la incorporación de resistencia a la antracnosis de los frutos. Las experiencias sirven para proponer el desarrollo de una plataforma recursos genéticos/oferta de materiales mejorados, que apoye eficazmente la función productiva desde la óptica genotípica. Andean fruits genetic resources and breeding: a conceptual visionAndean fruits comprise species at different development stages, and of potential importance for their countries. Their cultivation is generally with heterogeneous landraces without technology. Higher efficiency and competitiveness of these fruits depends on the development of germplasm collections of cultivated taxa and related species, leading to varieties which overcome limiting problems. On the short term, the cultivar offer could be based on selection processes of local populations with a participative approach and cloning of outstanding individuals. In the medium and long term, the creation of a wide genetic base, enriched with attributes of the wild relative species is key. With this, selection processes and massive cloning using tissue culture to propagate different clones to avoid vulnerability. To date in Colombia, several collections of Andean fruits have been assembled and genetic variability characterized, and some breeding activities have been achieved. These are lulo domestication, prebreeding and breeding, and tomato tree preebreeding, based on interespecific hybridization to transfer fruit anthracnose resistance. This experience allows the development of a proposal on genetic resource-production of improved materials as an effective method to support productive function based on genetics.

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Teneda-Llerena, William Fabián, and Sindy Orieta Milla-Toro. "Estudio para determinar el mercado potencial del vinagre de frutas naturales: Aplicación en el Ecuador." UDA AKADEM, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 88–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/udaakadem.vi2.176.

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El trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar las características del mercado potencial del vinagre de frutas en el Ecuador, en la zona 3, provincias de Tungurahua, Cotopaxi Chimborazo y Pastaza en el Ecuador y establecer la factibilidad de creación de una empresa para generar valor agregado mediante la transformación de frutas producidas en la provincia de Tungurahua, como la manzana (Malus domestica), claudia (Prunus domestica), mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) y tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) y que actualmente no tienen un proceso industrial. Se realiza un estudio documental, descriptivo y empírico. Para el estudio de la demanda se aplica una encuesta a 383 personas; y para la oferta, a los productores. En la investigación se concluye que en el mercado local existe limitada producción de vinagre y el mismo es importado en grandes cantidades y ofrecido en el mercado ecuatoriano con aditamentos que permiten disfrutar el sabor a frutas en el vinagre, mientras que el vinagre obtenido de frutas se ofrece en pequeñas cantidades. Se realizó un análisis económico y financiero para determinar si el proyecto es factible y genera rentabilidad. Palabras clave: Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Residuos agroindustriales. Rubus glaucus Benth, Solanum betaceum, vinagre. SummaryThe objective of the research work is to determine the characteristics of the potential market for fruit vinegar in Ecuador in Zone 3 provinces of Tungurahua, Cotopaxi Chimborazo and Pastaza in Ecuador and establish the feasibility of creating a company to generate added value by transforming fruits produced in the province of Tungurahua, such as apple (Malus domestica), claudia (Prunus domestica), blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) and that currently do not have an industrial process. A documentary, descriptive and empirical study is carried out, for the study of the demand a survey is applied to 383 people and for the offer to the producers. The investigation concludes that in the local market there is limited production of vinegar and it is imported in large quantities and offered in the Ecuadorian market with additives that allow to enjoy the fruit flavor in the vinegar, while the vinegar obtained from fruits is offer in small quantities. An economic and financial analysis was carried out to determine if the project is feasible and generates profitability.Key words Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Agroindustrial waste, Rubus glaucus Benth, Solanum betaceum, vinegar.

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Cortez-Mazatán, Gladis Yakeline, Luis Alonso Valdez-Aguilar, Ricardo Hugo Lira-Saldivar, and René D. Peralta-Rodríguez. "POLYVINYL ACETATE AS AN EDIBLE COATING FOR FRUITS. EFFECT ON SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF TOMATO." Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura XVII, no. 1 (April 2011): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2011.17.003.

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Ramírez, Homero, Bruno Herrera-Gámez, Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza, José Hugo Rancaño-Arrioja, Vicente Álvarez-Mares, Carlos Amado-Ramírez, and Ana Martínez-Osorio. "PROHEXADIONE CALCIUM INCREASES ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, LYCOPENE CONTENT AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY IN FRUITS OF TOMATO FLORADADE." Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura XVI, no. 3 (December 2010): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2010.16.019.

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Ruiz Flores, Gabriel, Maricela Quiroz-Bravo, Mario Márquz Lemus, Diana Maylet Hernández-Martínez, and Ma del Socorro López-Cortez. "Effect of Processing Stage on the Bioactives of Tomato Purees Supplemented Preserved by Microwaves." Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society 67, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1877.

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Abstract. Tomatoes are a natural source of bioactive compounds. Most of these substances accumulate in the tomato skin and seeds and are scarce in the pulp, which is the main ingredient of tomato products. The application of technological processes as well as plant variety, cultivation, and harvesting conditions, can significantly affect the content and composition of phenolics in tomato fruit and tomato-based products. To increase the content of bioactive, in the present investigation a tomato puree supplemented with the seeds and skin of the fruit was prepared using tomatoes of Mexican origin. The bioactive compounds at each stage of the process were evaluated. The variation in bioactive compounds occurred during the tomato juice concentration stage. The retention of bioactive compounds was similar when conventional pasteurization and microwave treatment were applied independently, however, the microwave used a lower time. Tomato puree supplemented with seeds and skin presented a higher content of bioactive. There were no significant differences in the microbiological activity between pasteurization and microwave treatment since both heat treatments achieved similar microbial inactivation. Chlorogenic acid, rutin, resveratrol, quercetin, and naringenin were identified by HPLC. The microwave-treated tomato puree presented a less acidic taste, a more intense red color, and a more pleasant aroma compared to the pasteurized tomato puree. The PCA analysis showed that the processing stages that affect the polyphenolic content in the elaboration of tomato purees corresponded to the heat treatments appliednd and the concentration stage. Resumen. Los tomates son una fuente natural de bioactivos. La mayoría de estas sustancias se acumulan en la piel y las semillas del tomate y son escasas en la pulpa, que es el ingrediente principal de los productos derivados del tomate. La aplicación de procesos tecnológicos, así como la variedad de plantas, el cultivo y las condiciones de cosecha, pueden afectar significativamente el contenido y la composición de compuestos fenólicos en el fruto del tomate y los productos a base de tomate. Para aumentar el contenido de bioactivos, en la presente investigación se preparó un puré de tomate suplementado con las semillas y la piel del fruto utilizando tomates de origen mexicano. Se evaluaron los compuestos bioactivos en cada etapa del proceso. La variación de los compuestos bioactivos ocurrió durante la etapa de concentración del jugo de tomate. La retención de compuestos bioactivos fue similar cuando la pasteurización convencional y el tratamiento con microondas se aplicaron de forma independiente, sin embargo, el microondas usó un tiempo menor. El puré de tomate suplementado con semillas y piel presentó mayor contenido de bioactivos. No hubo diferencias significativas en la actividad microbiológica entre la pasteurización y el tratamiento con microondas ya que ambos tratamientos térmicos lograron una inactivación microbiana similar. Por HPLC se identificaron ácido clorogénico, rutina, resveratrol, quercetina y naringenina. El puré de tomate tratado con microondas presentó un sabor menos ácido, un color rojo más intenso y un aroma más agradable en comparación con el puré de tomate pasteurizado. El análisis PCA mostró que las etapas de procesamiento que inciden en el contenido polifenólico en la elaboración de purés de tomate correspondieron a los tratamientos térmicos aplicados y la etapa de concentración.

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Assa, Jan Rudolf, Teltje Koapaha, and Enmia N. V. Boangmanalu. "Antioxidant Activity Of Jelly Candy From The Skin Of Red Dragons (Hylocereus spolyhizus) and Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)." Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan 3, no. 2 (December 14, 2022): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/jat.v3i2.44330.

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Free radicals are reactive species that can cause damage to body tissues and even cause many diseases. To neutralize free radicals in the body, antioxidants are needed. Many fruits found in Indonesia that contain antioxidants, including dragon fruit, the antioxidant content of dragon fruit is high. Jelly candy is a snack that is quite popular, especially for children. In general, the taste of jelly candy is obtained from essence which is a chemical. In this study, the taste of jelly candy was obtained from a combination of dragon fruit and tomatoes. The treatments in this study were the comparison of dragon fruit peel extract and tomato juice, including: Dragon fruit peel extract 100 g + 0 g tomato juice (A); Dragon fruit peel extract 25 g + 75 g tomato juice (B); Dragon fruit peel extract 50 + 50 g tomato juice (C); Dragon fruit peel extract 75 g + 25 g tomato juice (D); Dragon fruit peel extract 0 g + 100 g tomato juice (E). The results showed that the proportion of dragon fruit peel extract 100 g and tomato juice 0 g contained the highest total phenol in jelly candy, namely 15.2 mg GAE/g sample. The strongest antioxidant activity based on DPPH testing was found in the formula for mixing 0 g dragon fruit peel extract and 100 g tomato juice with IC50 = 203.69 ppm. Jelly candy with a proportion of 100 g of dragon fruit peel extract and 0 g of tomato juice contained the highest vitamin C of 0.455 mg/100 g sample. Keywords: Jelly Candy, Antioxidant Activity, Proportion of Dragon Fruit Peel Extract and Tomato Extract Abstrak Radikal bebas merupakan spesies reaktif yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada jaringan tubuh bahkan menimbulkan banyak penyakit. Untuk menetralisir radikal bebas dalam tubuh diperlukan antioksidan. Banyak buah-buahan yang terdapat di Indonesia yang mengandung antioksidan antara lain buah naga, kandungan antioksidan pada buah naga tergolong tinggi. Permen jelly merupakan makanan selingan yang cukup digemari terutama anak-anak. Pada umumnya rasa permen jelly diperoleh dari essence yang merupakan bahan kimia. Pada penelitian ini rasa permen jelly diperoleh dari kombinasi buah naga dan tomat. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah perbandingan sari kulit buah naga dan sari tomat, meliputi: Sari kulit buah naga 100 g + 0 g sari tomat (A); Sari kulit buah naga 25 g + 75 g sari tomat (B); Sari kulit buah naga 50 + 50 g sari tomat (C); Sari kulit buah naga 75 g + 25 g sari tomat (D); Sari kulit buah naga 0 g + 100 g sari tomat (E). Hasil penelitian bahwa proporsi sari kulit buah naga 100 g dan sari buah tomat 0 g mengandung total fenol paling tinggi pada permen jelly yaitu 15,2 mg GAE/g sampel. Aktivitas antioksidan berdasar pengujian DPPH paling kuat terdapat pada formula pencampuran sari kulit buah naga 0 g dan 100 g sari buah tomat dengan IC50 = 203,69 ppm. Permen jelly dengan proporsi 100 g sari kulit buah naga dan sari buah tomat 0 g mengandung vitamin C tertinggi sebesar 0,455 mg/100 g sampel. Kata Kunci: Permen Jelly, Aktivitas Antioksidan, Proporsi Sari Kulit Buah Naga dan Sari Tomat

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L'Heureux, G., M. Bergevin, and C. Willemot. "Relation entre la sensibilite des fruits de la tomate a la maladie physiologique du froid (chilling injury) et la composition de l'atmosphere interne du fruit." Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 24, no. 5 (December 1991): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0315-5463(91)70053-9.

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Feltrim, Anderson Luiz, Anderson Fernando Wamser, Atsuo Suzuki, Siegfried Müeller, Walter Ferreira Becker, and Leandro Hahn. "Fontes de nitrogênio e potássio aplicados via fertirrigação na cultura do tomate." Agropecuária Catarinense 29, no. 2 (October 5, 2016): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52945/rac.v29i2.70.

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Resumo: O trabalho foi realizado na Epagri/Estação Experimental de Caçador com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de fontes de nitrogênio (N) e potássio (K) aplicados via fertirrigação sobre a produção de tomate de crescimento indeterminado. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo oito e dez tratamentos nas safras 2007/08 e 2008/09 respectivamente. Determinaram-se os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn e B na folha diagnóstica. Na colheita, avaliou-se a produtividade total e comercial classificando os frutos em extra AA, extra A e descarte. As fontes de nutrientes utilizadas nas duas safras não influenciaram a produtividade do tomate, que foi próxima de 100t.ha-1. Isso permiteescolher a fonte segundo sua praticidade de preparo e aplicação via fertirrigação e de acordo com o custo por unidade de nutriente aplicado. Para todos os teores foliares de nutrientes que estavam abaixo ou acima da faixa recomendada para a cultura não se observaram sintomas de deficiência ou toxidez nas plantas.Abstract: This work was carried out at EPAGRI - Experimental Station of Caçador, SC, to evaluate the production of tomatoes as a function of sources of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) applied by fertigation. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications and 8 and 10 treatments in the growing seasons 2007/08 and 2008/09, respectively. Leaves were analyzed for the nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and B. The total and the marketable production was obtained by classifying the fruits into extra AA, extra A and unmarketable. In both crops, the mean total production was close to 100 t ha-1, independent of the source of N and K used. This allows to choose the source according to their preparation and application by fertigation, and according to the cost per unit of nutrient applied. Visual symptoms of deficiency or toxicity were not observed when the leaf content of a nutrient was below or above the normal range of concentration.

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Zulman, Zulman, Ainun Marliah Ainun Marliah, and Hasanuddin Hasanuddin. "Pengaruh Pupuk Bokashi Kotoran Kambing terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tiga Varietas Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill,)." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 7, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 822–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v7i2.20047.

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Abstrak. Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) mengandung vitamin C, A dan Fe serta potasium yang dapat membantu penyerapan makanan dalam pencernaan dan menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi, sehingga banyak dibutuhkan dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Salah satu teknik budidaya tanaman tomat yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi tomat adalah dengan cara menggunakan pemupukan dan varietas unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk bokashi kotoran kambing dan tiga varietas tanaman tomat serta interaksi antara kedua faktor tersebut terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat, penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan dari bulan Mei - Agustus 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 4 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 36 satuan percobaan. Ada dua faktor yang diteliti yaitu pupuk bokashi kotoran kambing dan varietas tomat. pupuk bokashi terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu 6 ton ha-1, 9 ton ha-1, 12 ton ha-1dan 15 ton ha-1 dan varietas terdiri dari 3 yaitu Servo F1, Lumina F1 dan Permata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk bokashi kotoran kambing berpengaruh tidak nyata pada tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang umur 15, 30 dan 45 HST, umur berbunga, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman, jumlah buah per tandan, bobot buah per buah dan potensi hasil. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat cenderung lebih baik dijumpai pada pupuk bokashi 9 ton ha-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan varietas tanaman tomat berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 15, 30 dan 45 HST, umur berbunga, bobot buah pertanaman, jumlah buah per tandan, bobot buah per buah dan potensi hasil, berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang umur 15 HST namun berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap diameter batang umur 30 dan 45 HST dan jumlah buah per tanaman. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat terbaik dijumpai pada varietas Servo F1 dan Lumina F1. Terdapat interaksi yang tidak nyata antara pupuk bokashi kotoran kambing dan varietas tomat terhadap tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang umur 15, 30 dan 45 HST, umur berbunga, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman, jumlah buah per tandan, bobot buah per buah dan potensi hasil. Effect of Goat Manure Bokashi Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Three Tomato Plant Varieties (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)Abstract. Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) contain vitamins C, A and Fe as well as potassium which can help the absorption of food in digestion and reduce high blood pressure, so it is needed by the increasing population. One of the tomato cultivation techniques used to increase tomato production is by using fertilization and high yielding varieties. This study aims to determine the effect of goat manure bokashi fertilizer and three varieties of tomato plants and the interaction between these two factors on the growth and yield of tomato plants, this study was carried out from May - August 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RAK). 4 x 3 with 3 replications, so there are 36 experimental units. There are two factors studied, namely goat manure bokashi fertilizer and tomato varieties. bokashi fertilizer consists of 4 levels, namely 6 tons ha-1, 9 tons ha-1, 12 tons ha-1and 15 tons ha-1 and varieties consist of 3 namely Servo F1, Lumina F1 and Permata. The results showed that goat dung bokashi fertilizer had no significant effect on plant height and stem diameter at 15, 30 and 45 DAP, flowering age, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight per plant, number of fruit per bunch, fruit weight per fruit and yield potential. Growth and yield of tomato plants tend to be better found in bokashi fertilizer 9 tons ha-1. The results showed that the treatment of tomato plant varieties had a very significant effect on plant height at 15, 30 and 45 DAP, flowering age, fruit weight, number of fruit per bunch, fruit weight per fruit and yield potential, significantly affected stem diameter at 15 DAP. but had no significant effect on stem diameter at 30 and 45 DAP and the number of fruits per plant. The best growth and yield of tomato plants were found in Servo F1 and Lumina F1 varieties. There was no significant interaction between goat manure bokashi fertilizer and tomato varieties on plant height and stem diameter at 15, 30 and 45 DAP, flowering age, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, number of fruit per bunch, fruit weight per fruit and yield potential.

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Schmidt, Juniomar, Caroline Merlo Meneghelli, Marcelo Rodrigo Krause, Marcos Vinícius Hell, Milson Lopes de Oliveira, João Nacir Colombo, and Ismail Ramalho Haddade. "DESEMPENHO DO TOMATEIRO EM SISTEMA DE TUTORAMENTO VERTICAL EM ESPIRAL CONDUZIDO COM UMA OU DUAS HASTES." Nativa 6, no. 4 (July 18, 2018): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i4.5443.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade agroeconômica do tomateiro em sistema de tutoramento vertical em espiral conduzido com uma ou duas hastes por planta. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x2, com quatro repetições, sendo avaliados três métodos de tutoramento: espiral, mexicano e estacas de bambu individuais na vertical e dois sistemas de condução: com uma haste e duas hastes por planta. Avaliou-se a produção de frutos por planta, diâmetro dos frutos, distribuição do número de frutos por classe de tamanho, altura das plantas e de inserção do primeiro cacho e o custo de produção. O método de tutoramento em espiral apresentou produção de frutos por planta semelhante ao método com bambu e superior ao mexicano. Quando as plantas foram conduzidas com uma haste, o diâmetro de frutos obtido no método em espiral foi superior ao método mexicano, entretanto, não diferiu do método com bambu. A receita líquida obtida no método em espiral foi superior à do método mexicano e inferior a do método com bambu. O tutoramento bambu vertical apresenta maior rentabilidade econômica quando comparado aos métodos espiral e mexicano. O tutoramento em espiral pode substituir o tutoramento mexicano, pois apresenta maior rentabilidade, credenciando-se como um novo método de tutoramento para o cultivo de tomate de crescimento indeterminado.Palavras-chave: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, sistema de condução, crescimento indeterminado. TOMATO PERFORMANCE IN VERTICAL TUNA SYSTEM IN SPIRAL CONDUCTED WITH ONE OR TWO HASTES ABSTRACT:The current study aims to evaluate the agroeconomic viability of the tomato in a spiral vertical steerage system conducted with one or two stems per plant. The experimental design was in a randomized block with a 3x2 factorial, with four replications, and three tutoring methods were evaluated: spiral, Mexican and individual bamboo stakes vertically and two systems of conduction: with oneortwo stems per plant. Fruit production per plant, fruit diameter, number of fruits per size class, height of plants and insertion of the first cluster and the cost of production were evaluated. The spiral tutoring method showed fruit production per plant similar to the method with bamboo and superior to the Mexican one. When the plants were conducted with a stem, the fruit diameter obtained in the spiral method was superior to the Mexican method, however, did not differ from the method with bamboo. The net revenue obtained in the spiral method was higher than the Mexican method and lower than the method with bamboo. The vertical bamboo tufting presents greater economic profitability when compared to the spiral and Mexican methods. The spiral tutoring can replace the Mexican tutoring, since it presents greater profitability, being accredited as a new method of tutoring for the cultivation of undetermined growth tomato.Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, driving system, indeterminate growth.

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Mejía-Bustamante, Liseth, Rosi Vasquez-Cadenillas, Marco Terrones-Miranda, Milton Paredes-Goycochea, and Johonathan Salazar-Campos. "Alcoholic drink based on golden gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum): Chemical and sensory characterization." Agroindustrial Science 12, no. 3 (December 19, 2022): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2022.03.15.

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Golden gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) have bioactive components, which open up the possibility of finding new ways to industrialize them. The objective of the study was to report the chemical and sensory characterization of a new alcoholic beverage produced by mixtures of Physalis peruviana and Solanum betaceum fruits, through fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ale) and Saccharomyces pastorianus (Lager). The physicochemical characterization of the beverages obtained was determined by basic parameters such as alcoholic degree, pH, density, total soluble solids, which were analyzed using: the AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis". Total carotenoids were analyzed according to: mg b-carotene eq/100g; the total phenolic compounds were determined under the Folin Ciocalteus protocol; the color characteristics (L*, a* and b*) using computer vision and Python data analysis. The sensory characterization was established with the help of 60 panelists, who evaluated 8 characteristics (flower aroma, nut aroma, wood aroma, astringency, body, flower odor, nut odor, and wood odor). Through a principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis, it was shown that the fermented Ale-25AG-75BE and Ale-50AG-50BE, presented greater preference with 60 and 80%, being represented by Clusters 3 and 4. Finally, this study shows the feasibility of using mixtures of goldenberry and tree tomato to produce fermented alcoholic beverages, which could be inserted into the market as a new product.

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Hassan, Zubair, and İbrahim Kahramanoglu. "Impacts of some eco-friendly methods on the storage life of tomato fruits." Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 37, no. 1 (February 27, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1371493.

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The objective of current research was to explore the influence of several eco-friendly techniques, including modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), edible coating (EC), heat treatment and edible coating enriched with centaury oil (EO), on the postharvest storage of tomato fruit. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Newton were harvested red ripe and used in this experiment. Experimental studies were established on 5th February 2023. A total of 8 treatments were tested. They were: 1) control, 2) MAP, 3) MAP+EC, 4) EC, 5) MAP+EC+EO, 6) EC+EO, 7) hot air and 8) MAP+hot air. The experiments were continued for 30 days and the measurement points time intervals were defined as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days (six different measurements points), 384 fruits in total were utilized in the storage studies and 8 extra fruits were used at the start as a control to identify the fruit's initial qualities. The fruits were kept for 30 days at 6 to 8 °C and 90 to 95 % relative humidity. According to the study's findings, each treatment had a significant impact on the fruit's decay incidence, weight loss, vitamin C content fruit firmness, chilling damage and SSC. The study found that all treatments significantly improved the quality of the tomato fruits, except for SSC. The best results were obtained from the MAP+EC and MAP+EC+EO treatments. Tomato fruits can be stored at a temperature range of 6 to 8°C for up to 20 days, demonstrating the effectiveness of the treatments.

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Šubíková, V., E. Kollerová, and Ľ. Slováková. "Occurrence of nepoviruses in small fruits and fruit trees in Slovakia." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10493-pps.

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A survey of nepoviruses in small fruits and fruit trees in thirteen localities of Slovakia was undertaken during the last three years. The samples of spontaneously infected small fruits and fruit trees with symptoms such as leaf yellowing, mottling, chlorotic spotting, vein clearing, chlorosis, dwarfing, and in some cases even plant dying, were analysed. Virus identification in collected samples from affected crops was performed by ELISA using polyclonal antibodies. The following quarantine nepoviruses were detected: Tobacco ringspot nepovirus, Tomato ringspot nepovirus, Tomato black ring nepovirus, Raspberry ringspot nepovirus, Cherry leafroll nepovirus and Arabis mosaic nepovirus. Screening of virus vector nematodes in the rhizosphere of infected plants was also undertaken. Three Longidorus (L. elongatus, L. picenus and L. leptocephalus) and four Xiphinema phytonematode species (X. vuittenezi, X. diversicaudatum, X. taylori and X. pachtaicum) were recorded in localities tested.

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Cantu, Jesus M., Yuqing Ye, Jose A. Hernandez-Viezcas, Nubia Zuverza-Mena, Jason C. White, and Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey. "Tomato Fruit Nutritional Quality Is Altered by the Foliar Application of Various Metal Oxide Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 9, 2022): 2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142349.

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Carbohydrates and phytonutrients play important roles in tomato fruit’s nutritional quality. In the current study, Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4, Mn3O4, and ZnO nanomaterials (NMs) were synthesized, characterized, and applied at 250 mg/L to tomato plants via foliar application to investigate their effects on the nutritional quality of tomato fruits. The plant growth cycle was conducted for a total of 135 days in a greenhouse and the tomato fruits were harvested as they ripened. The lycopene content was initially reduced at 0 stored days by MnFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, and Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4; however, after a 15-day storage, there was no statistical difference between the treatments and the control. Moreover, the β-carotene content was also reduced by Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4, Mn3O4, and ZnO. The effects of the Mn3O4 and ZnO carried over and inhibited the β-carotene after the fruit was stored. However, the total phenolic compounds were increased by ZnFe2O4, Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4, and ZnO after 15 days of storage. Additionally, the sugar content in the fruit was enhanced by 118% and 111% when plants were exposed to Mn3O4 and ZnO, respectively. This study demonstrates both beneficial and detrimental effects of various NMs on tomato fruit quality and highlights the need for caution in such nanoscale applications during crop growth.

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