Дисертації з теми "Fruits de tomate"
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How, Kit Alexandre. "Contrôle épigénétique du développement et de la qualité des fruits de tomate." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13741/document.
The control of gene expression has been challenged by the discovery of epigenetic regulation. Among the different factors involved in epigenetic regulations, the Polycomb (PcG) proteins are known to repress gene expression by setting epigenetic marks. The PcG protein, initially discovered in drosophila, act together in three distinct complexes named PRC1 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1), PRC2 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2) and PhoRC (Pleiohomeotic Repressive Complex). PRC2 complexes methylate histone H3 on lysines K9/27. In plants, only three classes of PcG protein has been found: the Enhancer of zeste (E(z)) class, the Extra Sex Combs (ESC) class and the Supressor of zeste 12 (Su(z)12) class, which belong to the PRC2. Their function in plant development has been brought to light in Arabidopsis thaliana. They control female gametophyte and seed development, maintain the vegetative development, and are involved in floral identity and vernalization. However, their function in fruit development is still unknown. My work was aimed to identify and characterize two PcG genes, named SlEZ1 and SlEZ2, encoding tomato E(z) class proteins. SlEZ1 and SlEZ2 proteins contain all the five E(z) characteristic domains and are both localized in the nucleus. Furthermore, as double-hybrid experiments reveal that both SlEZ1 and SlEZ2 proteins are able to form PRC2 complexes and interact with PcG proteins of other classes (ESC and Su(z)12 classes), it seems that these proteins are functional. Their expression profiles reveal ubiquitous expression during vegetative development (leaves, buds, stems) and reproductive development (flowers and fruits). However SlEZ1 is specifically expressed in the stamens whereas SlEZ2 shows specific expression in the transmitting tissue of the style. Moreover, their expression during fruit development shows some differences: if SlEZ1 expression is almost constant, SlEZ2 expression decreases during fruit development. In order to indentify SlEZ1 functions in fruit development, transgenic plants underexpressing constitutively SlEZ1 have been generated. These plants present altered flower morphology with twisted stamens and increased carpel number fruits
Chen, Yi. "Ethylene receptors modulate fruit development and ripening." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0073.
Ethylene is synthesized and perceived by all plants, and it is one of the most important phytohormone controlling fruit ripening. Ethylene is perceived by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- localized proteins, called Ethylene Receptors (ETRs), which regulate fruit development and ripening, however the mechanisms by which ETRs regulate fruit ripening are not fully explained. Firstly, to study if ETRs regulate the ripening of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, we compared ETRs and related protein members of both classes of fruit and by re-analyzing RNAseq data, already published, we found that ETRs were peaking at the inception of ripening in both climacteric and non- climacteric fruits, but in these data, the ETRs showed an earlier ETR expression peak relative to sugar accumulation. In this review, we also compared the structure of the ethylene receptors and related proteins in both classes of fruit, establishing a basis for the annotation of genes related to ethylene perception. Finally, the results show that there was a higher number of ETR genes in climacteric fruits than in non-climacteric fruits. Secondly, in tomato which is a fleshy fruit ripening model, a seventh ETR has been reported recently, following the genome sequencing. Characterization of this SlETR7 was carried out. We showed that ethylene binds to the transmembrane part of SlETR7. Like other ETR expression patterns during fruit ripening, SlETR7 expression in pericarp also goes up when fruit ripens. The profiles of the seven ETR expression during fruit ripening can be divided in 2 groups: group 1, ETR3, ETR4, and ETR6 are expressed earlier at Breaker+2 days than group 2, SlETR1, SlETR2, SlETR5, and SlETR7 that are expressed at a later stage of ripening. We constructed Knock Out (KO) and OverExpressed (OE) tomato lines for SlETR7, and we observed some phenotype changes proving that SlETR7 is a functional ETR. While there was only a small phenotype change in KO plants and fruits: more ethylene production at Br and Br+2days compared to Wild Type (WT). The OE lines showed early flowering, shorter plants, and smaller fruit than WT. The analyzes of the 7 ETR expression in KO and OE lines, revealed that other ETR expression is upregulated in KO mutants, which may explain the absence of obvious phenotype. and this suggest that SlETR7 maybe not critical in fruit ripening. Thirdly, regarding the studies of the seven tomato ETRs, one major bottleneck is the absence of reliable method to quantify them at the protein level. A targeted proteomic method was developed, PRM for Parallel Reaction Monitoring, and allow the identification and relative quantification of the seven tomato ETRs. This development applied to the study of the WT and Never Ripe mutant tomatoes showed that there is an over-accumulation of SlETR3, affected by a gain-of-function mutation in NR, while the NR tomatoes undergo ripening, which may be a cause of further ripening inhibition, as NR fruit stay orange. Finally, ETR mRNAs and proteins were analyzed within the same samples, and this led us to propose that there is a positive correlation between ETR mRNAs and proteins, which was controversial in the previous literature
D’Andrea, Lucio. "Molecular regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato fruits. New biotechnological strategies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393988.
Carotenoids are isoprenoid metabolites of great economic importance as natural pigments and phytonutrients. Carotenoids such as lycopene (red) and β-carotene (orange) accumulate at high levels in a type of specialized plastid called chromoplast during tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening. Three different ripening stages can be distinguished according to the color of the fruit: Mature Green (MG), Orange (O) and Red/Ripe (R). The transition from MG to O, and finally to R, is characterized by a strong induction in the levels of carotenoids and therefore, the differentiation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts. The global accumulation of carotenoids depends on the activity of biosynthetic enzymes such as PSY. In tomato fruit, PSY activity is mainly provided by the PSY1 isoform. During this thesis it has been demonstrated that the PSY1 gene is a direct target of a light-regulated transcriptional factor named PIF1a, which binds to the gene promoter to repress its expression. In agreement, tomato fruits with reduced levels of PIF1a show higher PSY1 transcript levels and hence an enhanced accumulation of carotenoids. Additionally, we have established a molecular mechanism based on the regulation of PIF1a photostability, that allos to adjust carotenoid biosynthesis to the actual fruit ripening stage. In the second part of the thesis we have explored the revelance of the plastidial Clp protease complex for the regulation of the turnover of proteins involved in carotenoid metabolism and storage in tomato fruit. Successful reduction of Clp protease activity using gene silencing approaches generated transgenic fruits enriched in β-carotene (pro-vitamin A). In addition, the characterization of these fruits by TEM and Raman imaging helped us to establish the relevance of this proteolytic complex for chromoplast development. Finally, quantitative proteomic studies served to elucidate potential Clp protease targets in chromoplasts, including PSY1.
Gao, Yushuo. "Identification et caractérisation de SITCP12, un nouveau régulateur transcriptionnel associé à la maturation du fruit de tomate." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP003.
Fleshy fruits are major sources of necessary nutrients in many people’s diets around the world, and their ripening is a complex physiological and biochemical process that involves the coordinated regulation of numerous physiological and biochemical changes that determine flavor, color, texture, and aroma. These changes involve the up- or downregulation of numerous genes in various metabolic pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the color transition remain poorly understood.In Chapter I, I introduce of tomato, which is an important model species for fleshy fruit research and a reference species for the Solanaceae family. Then, I provide a bibliographic introduction to review the state of the art in the field of chloroplast to chromoplast transition, describing the structural, physiological, and protein structure changes that occur during this transition. Lastly, I introduce the functions of SlTCPs in plant and fruit development, which will be valorized with a submitted review.The following chapters II and III are the core content of our forthcoming article. Based on expression data in tomatoes, I found that SlTCP12, SlTCP15, SlTCP18 and SlTCP27 are the only genes with high expression during ripening. Notably, SlTCP12, functioning as a transcription activator and exclusively localized within the nucleus, displays a substantial increase in expression starting from the mature green stage and continuing beyond it. To investigate the role of SlTCP12, I constructed TCP12-KO plants using CRISPR/Cas9 approaches and analyzed their phenotype in the homozygous generation. My findings suggest that the absence of SlTCP12 leads to alterations in fruit pericarp color, with the mutant displaying a yellow shoulder phenotype that exhibits sensitivity to certain environmental factors. In order to uncover the regulatory pathway of SlTCP12 action, we employed a series of methods at the cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels, and demonstrated that SlTCP12 does not affect chlorophyll synthesis but rather influences chloroplast degradation and the conversion into chromoplasts, leading to the yellow shoulder phenotype. We also validated that SlTCP12 exerts its regulation by directly binding to SlPSY1/SlPSY2 promoter regions, thereby governing the development and transition of chloroplasts and chromoplasts in tomatoes. Furthermore, SlGLK2 and RIN can directly interact with the promoter region of SlTCP12, as suggested by transcriptome analyses of RIN-KO mutant and Dual-Luc assays.The last chapters IV aims at enlarging the work to SlTCP12 homologues. Based on expression data in tomato, I found that SlTCP12, SlTCP15, SlTCP18 are the only genes with high expression during ripening. I designed and initiated diverse constructs to generate different plants with SlTCP12, SlTCP15 and SlTCP18 altered expression using CRISPR/Cas9. Thus, tomato lines bearing the triple KO on SlTCP12, SlTCP15 and SlTCP18 have been obtained, and their phenotypes have been analyzed in the T3 generation. According to the first results, triple SlTCP12/15/18 mutant displays the phenotype similar to SlTCP12 single mutant (occurrence of yellow shoulder in DPH14 fruit and high level of chlorophyll and soluble sugar) with a mild increase in phenotype severity, suggesting a partial, but limited redundancy between the three TCP isoforms. In addition, in the triple SlTCP12/15/18 mutant, we observed modifications in the expression of several genes related to ripening and color changes, exhibiting alterations consistent with those observed in tcp12, such as FUL1, FUL2, and TAGL1. These changes were obviously more pronounced than in tcp12, suggesting that SlTCP15 and SlTCP18 may have special functions in tomato ripening.Taken together, our study reveals the important role of SlTCP12 in fruit color regulation and sensitivity to environmental factors
Bonato, Vanessa Caroline de Barros. "Interação etileno-auxina e sua influência na produção de compostos voláteis do aroma durante o amadurecimento do tomate (Solanum lycopersicum)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-15122015-141611/.
Fruit ripening is a complex and genetically programmed process through the fruit acquires characteristics (sweetness and acidity, color, softening, flavor and aroma, etc.) that make it attractive to consumers. The tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum) has been widely used as a model for studies on fruit ripening due to its nutritional and economic importance and advances in the understanding of its genetics and biochemistry. A set of 20 to 30 volatile substances, including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters, which were derived from amino acids, fatty acids and carotenoids, contribute to the flavor. The hormone ethylene is closely related to the metabolic changes that occur in the maturation, including the generation of these volatile compounds, through the activation of transcription factors that regulate genes encoding proteins involved in this process. Although the knowledge about the biochemistry pathways that produces flavor compounds and the involvement of ethylene have advanced, little is known about the regulation of this process. In addition, ethylene is not the unique hormone that plays this role on fruit ripening. There is a growing body of evidence indicating the involvement of auxin in the maturation. The role of other hormonal classes is still little explored when compared to progress made on the role of ethylene in fruit ripening, especially regarding the regulation of the biosynthetic pathways of volatile compounds. This study aim to assess how the interaction between the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the most abundant auxin in plants, and ethylene influence the production of tomato fruit aroma. To do this, fruit from tomato cultivar Micro-Tom were treated with IAA and ethylene, separately and in combination. The results showed that the fruit groups characterized by having different profiles of volatile compounds. The treatment with IAA and IAA + ethylene caused delay in accumulation of volatile compounds derived from isoprenoid, as well as in the transcription of genes involved in the synthesis of these compounds: carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases 1A and 1B (S/CCD1A and S/CCD1B). The change from green to red and the accumulation of lycopene were also delayed in response to these two treatments. We also assessed the levels of transcripts of genes involved in the synthesis of volatile compounds derived from fatty acids (lipoxygenases [S/LOX], hydroperoxide lyases [S/HPL] and alcohol dehydrogenases [S/ADH]), besides the levels of ethylene production, and IAA in free and conjugated form. The results were robust with respect to impacts on volatile compounds profiles, caused by the same hormone treatments in tomato variety Grape. The data suggest that auxin plays an important role in the synthesis of volatile compounds in tomato fruit, negatively regulating this metabolism. This modulating effect likely occurs through crosstalks with ethylene.
Tourdot, Edouard. "Spatiotemporal distribution of ploidy levels and ploidy specific transcriptome during Tomato fruit development." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0121.
Endoreduplication is a cellular process during which nuclear DNA content (ploidy) is increased through successive genome duplication without cell division. Endoreduplication plays pivotal functions throughout the plant life cycle such as morphogenesis or cell specification, and also in response to environmental stresses. Another potential role of endoreduplication is that, by increasing gene copy number, transcription could be increased. In Tomato, the fruit pericarp tissue (fleshy part) is composed of a heterogeneous population of cells displaying a large variation of ploidy levels reaching up to 256c (c = haploid genome quantity). In this tissue, these high ploidy levels are generally correlated with large cells. However, little is known about the onset and progression of endoreduplication during tomato fruit growth and its consequences on the regulation of cell size and gene expression. We therefore aim to determine the in situ distribution of gene expression based on the ploidy levels in the pericarp during fruit development.For that, ploidy distribution in the pericarp is first quantified in situ by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FisH). In parallel, cell size is measured to study the potential link between ploidy and cell growth. Second, RNA extracted from nuclei sorted based on their ploidy level are used for sequencing. From this transcriptome data, a search for potential markers of ploidy and/or genes having a ploidy specific expression will be done. These ploidy distribution and transcriptomics experiments are done by harvesting fruits at five stages from 6 to 12 days post anthesis (dpa) during fruit growth. Using this data a virtual map of ploidy distribution and gene expression will be done for early development of Tomato fruit pericarp
Gest, Noé. "MDHAR3 : une enzyme à l'interface de la défense antioxydante, du métabolisme carboné et de la qualité du fruit chez la tomate." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AVIG0328.
Non fourni
How, Kit Alexandre Gallusci Philippe. "Contrôle épigénétique du développement et de la qualité des fruits de tomate." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/HOW_KIT_ALEXANDRE_2008.pdf.
Mounet, Fabien. "Développement précoce du fruit de tomate : analyse globale du caractère charnu et étude de la contribution du transport de l'auxine." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21531.
In order to get new insights concerning the mechanisms involved in the acquisition of the fleshy trait in tomato fruit, two strategies were undertaken : an integrated analysis of fruit tissues metabolites and transcripts along development, and a reverse genetic approach targeting one gene potentially involved in fruit development. In a first step, a global approach was used to characterize changes in both transcriptome and metabolome in various tissues of the fruit during early fruit development. Tissue composition analyses using chemometric approaches pointed to specific metabolites associated with cell expansion in developing fruit with seed development. The integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data, performed on mesocarp and locular tissue, highlighted several candidate genes that could be involved in fruit development. These data also allowed to analyse the role of hormonal regulations in expansion processes engaged in fleshy tissues. In a second step, this study was focalised on one candidate gene, encoding an auxin efflux transport protein called S/PIN. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of transgenic tomato plants silenced for SIPIN gene showed an alteration in ovary development resulting in the formation of parthenocarpic fruits in the most affected lines. P35s : SIPINrnai lines revealed that auxin transport was involved in fruit set and tissues differentiation
Magalhães, Hilton César Rodrigues. "Influência hormonal de Metil Jasmonato na biossíntese de compostos voláteis associados ao amadurecimento em tomate Grape (Solanum lycopersicum) e pimenta malagueta (Capsicum frutescens)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-07122017-163048/.
Ripening is a complex process formed by metabolic changes that occur after fruit physiological maturity. Tomato is a climacteric fruit, used as a model to study the role of ethylene during ripening. Pepper is a non-climacteric fruit, belonging to the same family as the tomato, and because of this, may present similarities in the development of several attributes of quality during maturation, such as aroma. Most of volatile compounds in fruits derives from carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids, and lipoxygenases pathway is responsible for C6 volatiles production. Due to its importance in the fruit ripening regulation process, ethylene plays an important role in aroma production; however, other hormones, such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA), also play a significant role during fruit ripening. The present work aims to evaluate the roles of ethylene and MeJA hormones in the formation of aroma compounds in tomato Grape (Solanum lycopersicum) and chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) during ripening. Fruits were treated with MeJA, Ethylene, 1MCP in MeJA+1MCP, followed by analysis of volatile compounds and levels of gene transcripts for the enzymes lipoxygenase (LOX), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), which participate of production of volatile compounds derived from the fatty acid pathway. The results showed that hormonal treatments caused changes in pepper and tomato aroma composition, but many of these results made evident the climacteric and non-climacteric nature of these fruits. Unlike what happened in pepper, it was possible to visualize an intimate relationship between MeJA and ethylene under the tomato aroma compounds, mainly in the formation of carotenoid-derived volatiles. In tomato, it was possible to observe that the expression of the fatty acid pathway gene transcripts, LOX, ADH and HPL, and carotenoid pathway, CCD1A and CCD1B, were reduced by 1MCP action, even when it was associated with MeJA. MeJA treatment increased C6 volatiles in pepper and tomato. Particularly in tomato, this elevation was associated with an increase in the LOXC and HPL expression, one day after the hormone treatment. When tomato became fully mature, there were not so many differences compared to the other treatments, except for the evident increase of the carotenoid-derived volatile compounds, beta-ionone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol. On the first day of treatment with MeJA in pepper, there was a clear increase in the levels of most esters, including the aliphatic chain hexils, which are derived from the C6 volatiles of the fatty acid pathway. In addition, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine and 3-carene compounds also showed evident increase, the first two days after treatment with MeJA, the latter two being the compounds that provide the most characteristic aromatic note of pepper. When the peppers reach their complete maturation, there was an increase, under MeJA treatment, in the C6 volatiles (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, 3-hexen-1-ol and hexanal, which is one of the most important aroma compounds in peppers.
Bournonville, Celine. "Identification de gènes candidats impliqués dans la régulation de la teneur en acide ascorbique chez la tomate : impacts sur le potentiel antioxydant et la qualité post-récolte du fruit." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0039/document.
The ascorbic acid (AsA) is an essential antioxidant in both plants and humans. Plant-derived AsA is the major source of vitamin C in the human diet. In addition to its effect on tomato nutritional value, increasing tomato AsA content would likely affect postharvest storage and resistance to pathogens of the fruit. While AsA metabolism is well characterized, the mechanisms involved in its regulation remain poorly understood. Recent studies in Arabidopsis leaves indicate that few regulatory proteins can regulate this pathway at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Still nothing equivalent has been described in fruits. In that aim, a forward genetic approach has been carried out to investigate the regulation of AsA in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. The screening of an EMS tomato mutant population in the miniature cultivar Micro-Tom for identifying mutant lines with AsA-enriched fruits was done. Among the 500 M2 mutant families screened, four mutant lines with higher AsA content ranging from 2.5 to 4 fold were selected. These mutant lines have been characterized for postharvest traits quality and showed promising results. A method based on NGS-mapping allowed the identification of the putative AsA-enriched related gene. Thus, the screening of EMS mutants led to original findings such as the discovery of new unexpected proteins regulating AsA in plants, and particularly in fruits. Our work confirms at the molecular level the direct interaction between light signaling component and the regulation of the AsA biosynthesis pathway
Wang, Hua. "La régulation transcriptionnelle dépendante de l'auxine lors du développement du fruit : caractérisation fonctionnelle du gene DR4, un homologue d'aux/IAA chez la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill)." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT019A.
Savalle-Gloire, Noé. "Effet du microclimat lié à l'ombrage temporaire sur la physiologie et la croissance, le rendement et la qualité des fruits de la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. H. Karst)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AVIG0624.
Due to climate change, farming practices must be adapted to protect crops from increased heat and water stress. Additionally, limiting greenhouse gas emissions requires the development of renewable energies. However, in some countries, conflicts of use arise when a large part of the land is already dedicated to agriculture. Agrivoltaics is the practice of installing photovoltaic panels on cultivated land to produce renewable electricity while also protecting crops from heatwaves and drought, and thus it addresses both these issues. This practice could be particularly useful for tomato greenhouses, where shading is already used to protect the plants and where a structure capable of supporting the panels is already in place. The use of mobile panels (dynamic agrivoltaics) makes it possible to adjust shading to the needs of the plant. However, this practice causes temporary shading, the effect of which on crops is not yet fully understood, making it difficult to optimise their stirring policy and maximise crop yields and quality. This thesis examines the impact of shading on the vegetative growth, physiology, yield, andquality of tomato plant. It studies the effects of shading applied at different spatial and temporal scales, ranging from the organ to the plant and varying in intensity on an hourly or seasonal basis. The experiments were conducted in an agrivoltaic greenhouse in Alénya (Pyrénées-Orientales, France) in 2021 and 2022. Various shading treatments were investigated, depending on the daily pattern of plant shading (late morning, early morning, late afternoon, and afternoon) compared to a control grown in a similar greenhouse without photovoltaic panels. The experimental data were used to adapt and calibrate a tomato structure-function model (FSPM) developed in the PSH laboratory, which made it possible to analyse the effect of shading at the whole plant level
Mertz, Christian. "Micro-constituants de la mûre andine et de la tomate d'arbre : caractérisation et impact du traitement thermique." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20009.
This work, supported by the European Project PAVUC (Producing Added Value from under-Utilized fruits Crops, 2006-2009), aims at the promotion of two tropical fruits: Andean Blackberry and Tomato Tree by performing a fine biochemical characterization. Two varieties of blackberries (Rubus glaucus, Rubus adenotrichus) and tomato tree (Solanum betaceum Cav. , yellow and red cultivars) were therefore specifically studied. Identification of polyphenolic compounds and carotenoids of these two fruits were performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry detector (HPLC-MSn). Ellagitanins and anthocyanins were the main phenolic compounds of both varieties of blackberry. Lambertianin C and sanguiin H-6 (two main ellagitanins) were identified in both species while cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside was only in glaucus specie from Ecuador allowing therefore a discrimination between the two species. Caffeic acids derivated were identified in tomato tree purees while anthocyanins (cyanidin, dephinidin and pelargonidin rutinoside) were not detected in yellow variety. Except β-carotene, all other carotenoids identified in tomato tree were esterified with palmitic and myristic acids. Esters form of xanthophylls represent ~80% of total carotenoids, most of them being β-cryptoxanthin esters (~40%). Impact of thermal treatments on blackberry and tomato tree nectars was thenafter studied. Behavior of carotenoids along thermal treatments seems not to be influenced by initial oxygen level of nectars. Cis-isomerisation and 5-8 epoxidation of carotenoids were traditionally evidenced after thermal treatment. Whatever the intensity of the thermal treatment, no loss was observed under anaerobic conditions while there was not any retention in aerobic conditions. At last, evolution of major polyphenolic compounds of blackberry along thermal treatment was discussed. This work was comforted by 3 publications in international scientific journals and an oral presentation at an international food congress
Liu, Ruie. "Functional analysis of active DNA demethylation in tomato." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0273/document.
DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that lead to stable and heritable changes in gene expression without alteration on DNA sequence. DNA methylation refers to the addition of a methyl group to the fifth position of the cytosine ring. In recent years, DNA methylation is becoming more and more widely studied, because of its importance in mammals and plants. Methylated cytosines distribution can be determined across the genome at single-nucleotide resolution, that is methylome, using whole genome bisulfite-sequencing (BS-seq) approaches. [ ] Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is an important agronomic crop and the main model to study the development and ripening process of climacteric fleshy fruit. Recent studies have now shown that the development and ripening of fleshy fruits relies on the establishment and maintenance of differential transcription patterns and complex regulatory pathways that involve both genetic and hormonal controls are operating at these developmental phases. However, it appears that a full understanding of fruit development and ripening will not be achieved based only on genetic models as suggested by recent studies, which showing an important decrease in global methylation level and demethylation at specific promoters during fruit ripening. [ ] In conclusion, the observations presented in this work provide a framework for analysis of the molecular mechanism of DNA demethylation during fruit ripening of tomato. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the knock down SlDML2 on the trancriptome, metaoblom and DNA methylation in the promoter analysis. The large transcriptional reprogramming that occured in mutant during fruit ripeing was correlated alterations in DNA methylation. Here we highlight the central role of active DNA demethylation during tomato fruit ripening. In addition to a general role in the regulation of genes directly involved in several metabolic pathways, we also found that several transcription factors as well as epigenetic regulators are also likely under direct methylation control. However, we could not establish a district relationship between DNA reduction of DNA methylation and induction of gene expression, as not all DEGs containing a type-a DMRs (decreased DNA methylation during fruit ripening) do not correspond to genes normally induced in WT and repressed in transgenic plants. Some were corresponding to an opposite situation and in a few cases more complex methylation pattern (several DMRs) were also found. Indeed these conclusions are based on methylation analysis obtained in another variety. They might however reflect the situation of WVA106 fruits, although some variations are expectable when the methylome of DML RNAi fruits will be analyzed. Hence the relationship between DNA demethylation and gene expression might be more complex than expected, and not limited to the starting hypothesis of this work: DNA demethylation is an absolute requirement for the expression of critical ripening induced genes. This is indeed clearly in this study, but the analysis presented here also suggest that DNA demethylation might also be necessary for the repression of several genes as well. In addition, from the rencent study in Arabidopsis, ROS1 were found preferentially targets transposable elements (TEs) which are closer to protein coding genes and intergenic regions, which suggesting that ROS1 may prevent DNA methylation spreading from TEs to nearby genes. While in tomato, as our analysis, we found the methylation level of promoter of a number of genes was altered during fruit ripening, therefore, through methylome analysis, we will also get the preference of DNA methylation on TE, this analysis will give us idea that demethylation in fleshy fruit may has other distinct function as it is in Arabidopsis
Jaimes, Miranda Fabiola Bouzayen Mondher. "La régulation transcriptionnelle dépendant de l'éthylène Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'un cofacteur transcriptionnel du type MBF1 et d'un facteur de transcription de la famille des ERF chez la tomate /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000242.
Moïse, Adeline. "Mise en place et évolution de la paroi cellulaire du péricarpe du fruit de tomate au cours de son développement et de sa maturation." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2008.
Fruit texture depends on histology and cell wall architecture, both under genetic and developmental controls. If ripening related cell wall modifications have been well documented with regard to softening, little is known about cell wall construction during early fruit development. Identification of key events and their kinetics with regard to tissue architecture and cell wall development can provide new insights on early phases of texture elaboration. Changes in the pericarp cellular structure during fruit development were first characterized. Cell expansion was shown to occur differently to the location within the pericarp. Analysis of cell wall composition and polysaccharide structure revealed that both are continuously modified during fruit development and not only during the ripening stage. During early stages, the relative high rhamnose content in cell walls indicates a high synthesis of rhamnogalacturonan I next to the one of homogalacturonans. Fine tuning of rhamnogalacturonan I side chains appears to occur from the cell expansion phase until prior the mature green stage. Cell wall polysaccharides remodelling also concerns xyloglucans and (galacto)glucomannans, the major hemicelluloses in tomato cell walls. In situ localization of cell wall polysaccharides in pericarp tissue brings new insights on cell wall construction and architecture. Then, the impact of post-harvest storage conditions on fruit texture from different genotypes was investigated in relation with cell wall changes. An effect of post-harvest conditions was found on pectins. Differences in cell wall composition between genotypes decreased on the course of storage
Rainieri, Massimo. "Caractérisation de la diversité épigénétique chez différentes espèces cultivées et sauvages de tomate." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14502/document.
Tomato (Solanum lycopsersicum) which forms a small monophyletic clade within the large Solanaceae family has been chosen as a model system for studying the Solanaceae genome, fruit development and ripening. At that time, many efforts have been devoted to the analysis of the genetic diversity of tomato species, little work has focused on the analysis epigenetic diversity in this clade, although there is a general agreement that epigenetic processes play essential role in the phenotypic diversity in animal and plant system. As first step, DNA methylation level was analyzed in leaves and fruits of various wild and cultivated tomato species.Additionally, the Enhancer of zest (E(z)) gene family has been analyzed. In tomato, the E(z) family consists in two functional genes (SlEZ1, SlEZ2) and in a pseudogene (SlEZ3). In addition, the epigenetic stability is an important consideration that could have a significant on strategies for crop breading. Finally, we made a fine characterization of the different aspects of fruit development and ripening
All’interno della grande famiglia delle Solanacee è stato scelto il pomodoro (Solanum lycopsersicum) come sistema modello per studio dello sviluppo e maturazione del frutto. Molti sforzi sono stati fatti per analizzare la diversità genetica delle specie di pomodoro, pochi lavori invece riguardano l’analisi della diversità epigenetica, sebbene ci sia accordo sul fatto che processi epigenetici giochino un ruolo essenziale nella diversità fenotipica dei sistemi animali e vegetali. Inizialmente è stato analizzato il livello di metilazione del DNA in foglie e frutti delle diverse specie di pomodoro selvatico e coltivato. Inoltre, è stata analizzata la famiglia genica Enhancer of Zeste (E (z)). In pomodoro la famiglia E(z) consiste di 2 geni funzionali SlEZ1, SlEZ2 e di uno pseudogene SlEZ3. Inoltre la stabilità epigenetica è importante in quanto può avere un impatto sulle strategie di miglioramento genetico delle specie coltivate. Infine è stata condotta una attenta caratterizzazione dei meccanismi cellulari dello sviluppo del frutto e della sua maturazione
Albert, Elise. "Déterminants génétiques et génomiques de la réponse au déficit hydrique chez la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) et impact sur la qualité des fruits." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0688/document.
Water scarcity will constitute a crucial constraint for agricultural productivity in a nearfuture. High throughput approaches in model species have identified hundreds of genespotentially involved in survival under drought conditions, but very few having beneficialeffects on quality and yield in crops plants. Nonetheless, controlled water deficits mayimprove fleshy fruit quality through weaker dilution and/or accumulation of nutritionalcompounds. In this context, the first part of the PhD was aimed at deciphering the geneticdeterminants of the phenotypic response to water deficit in tomato by exploring thegenotype by watering regime (G x W) and QTL by watering regime (QTL x W) interactions intwo populations. The first population consisted in recombinant inbreed lines (RIL) from across between two cultivated accessions and the second was composed of diverse small fruittomato accessions mostly native from South America. Plants were phenotyped for majorplant and fruit quality traits and genotyped for thousands of SNP. Data were analyzed withinthe linkage and association mapping frameworks allowing the identification of QTLs andputative candidate genes for response to water deficit in tomato. The second part of the PhDhad the objective to explore gene regulation in green fruit and leaves of tomato plantsstressed by water deficit. For this purpose, RNA-Seq data were collected on the two parentalgenotypes of the RIL population and their F1 hybrid. Data were analyzed to identifydifferentially expressed genes and allele specific expression (ASE). Then, the expression of200 genes was measured in leaves and fruits of the whole RIL population by high throughputmicrofluidic qPCR. eQTLs and eQTL by watering regime interactions were mapped for thosegenes using linkage mapping. Colocalisations with the phenotypic QTLs were analyzed. Theknowledge produced during this PhD will contribute to a better understanding of the tomatoplant interaction with their environment and provide bases for improvement of fruit qualityunder limited water supply
Devaux, Carine. "La carence en sucres chez la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ) : étude in vitro et application à des plantes en production." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28798.
Xu, Jiaxin. "Exploration du polymorphisme moléculaire et protéique de la tomate pour l’identification de QTL de qualité du fruit." Thesis, Avignon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AVIG0644/document.
Fruit quality in tomato is highly dependent on genetic variation. Following domestication and modernbreeding, molecular diversity of tomato has been strongly reduced, limiting the possibility to improvetraits of interest. New molecular markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) constituteprecious tools to saturate tomato genetic maps and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) andassociations in a poorly polymorphic species like tomato. The objectives of this study were tocharacterize tomato genetic diversity at the molecular levels and to try to identify QTLs, genes andproteins responsible for fruit quality traits in tomato. For this purpose, three independent studies wereconducted leading to the discovery of new SNP markers, their use for association study and finally theanalysis of proteome diversity in relation to physiological phenotypes. We first used two nextgenrationsequencing platforms (GA2 Illumina and 454 Roche) to re-sequence targeted sequencescovering about 0.2% of the tomato genome from two contrasted accessions. More than 3000 SNPswere identified between the two accessions. We then validated 64 SNPs by developing CAPS markers.We thus showed the value of NGS for the discovery of SNPs in tomato and we produced low costCAPS markers which could be used to characterize other tomato collections. A SNPlexTM arraycarrying 192 SNPs was then developed and used to genotype a broad collection of 188 accessionsincluding cultivated, cherry type and wild tomato species and to associate these polymorphisms to tenfruit quality traits using association mapping approach. A total of 40 associations were detected andco-localized with previously mapped QTLs. Some other associations were identified in new regions.We showed the potential of using association genetics in tomato. Finally, a new analytical approachcombining proteome, metabolome and phenotypic profiling were applied to study natural geneticvariation of fruit quality traits in eight diverse accessions and their four corresponding F1s at cellexpansion and orange-red stages. We identified 424 variable spots by combining 2-DE and nano LCMS/MS and built the first comprehensive proteome reference map of the tomato fruit pericarp at twodevelopmental stages from the 12 genotypes. In parallel, we measured the variation of 34 metabolites,26 enzyme activities and five phenotypic traits. A large range of variability and several inheritancemodes were described in the four groups of traits. Data integration was achieved through sPLS andcorrelation networks. Many significant associations were detected within level and between levels ofexpression. This systems biology approach provides better understanding of networks of elements(proteins, enzymes, metabolites and phenotypic traits) in tomato fruits
Girardi, César Luis Pech Jean-Claude. "Caracterisation fonctionnelle d'un facteur d'élongation mitochondrial LeFT-Tsmt chez la tomate eapproches par transgénèse et protéomique /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000378.
Telef, Nadège. "Influence de la nutrition carbonée sur la biosynthèse des caroténoïdes au cours de la maturation du fruit de tomate." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12688.
Rothan, Christophe. "Évolution de l'ACC, de l'émission d'éthylène et des activités péroxydasiques : AIA et ACC oxydasiques au cours de la maturation de la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT023A.
Junglee, Sanders. "Implication de NO dans la régulation du recyclage de l’ascorbate dans les fruits de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum, cv micro-Tom) et en réponse à une contrainte environnementale." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0660/document.
Oxidative status alongside with antioxidant enzymes activities constantly evolve during fruit development. This evolution is closely related to hormones involved in fruit development and maturation. The antioxidant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) as well as those of Haliwell-Asada cycle (ascorbate peroxydase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and gluthation reductase (GR) which are also implicated in ascorbate recycling. The objective of this work is to decipher the interactions between oxidative stress induced by environmental stress in vegetative organs and ascorbate recycling in tomato fruits (cv Micro-Tom).Results obtained show that a rapid and controlled water deficit result in a fall in water potential (LΨw) whereas other water parameters remained unaffected and without any photo-oxidative symptoms detected in PS II after 24 hours. However we observed alongside an increase in H2O2 and of the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as those involved in ascorbate recycling. Furthermore an increase in NO and ABA production was also detected in the plants in response to the stress. NO localisation was realised using fluorescence microscopy using the newly synthesised NO probe NO550 (developed during the thesis).We used a pharmacological approach in order to determine if NO is responsible of the set up of the antioxidant response together with ABA and H2O2. Results show an increase in the activity of the enzymes in contact with the three molecules with every time a greater increase with NO. Furthermore, we show that ABA induces NO production. Those results made us conclude that ABA production induced by the water deficit is responsible of NO synthesis in fruits and may have the action of a signal with activates antioxidant enzymes with the collaboration of H2O2.A microarray analysis was also conducted in order to study the genes induced by NO and the genes induced by water deficit through NO. Results suggest that NO is at the cross road of the response towards biotic and abiotic stress and might be a useful tool to acclimatize plant to stressful conditions
Wang, Jiaojiao. "Study of starch metabolism in tomato fruit by using forward and reverse genetic approaches." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0213.
Starch plays a central role during fruit development and ripening. Its degradation provides energy and sugars in ripening fruits whereas its accumulation responds to environmental stresses, which suggests a buffering role. Knowledge of starch metabolism in leaves has dramatically improved, mostly through the characterization of Arabidopsis mutants (starch-less or -excessive), but only very little is known in fruits. In this study, we used both forward and reverse genetic approaches to obtain tomato mutants with starch-excess fruits.For applying forward genetics, we took advantages of the robotic platform and the large EMS mutant population of tomato (Micro-Tom, an ideal model for starch research), and performed a screen by using red fruits of nearly 3,000 individuals. Three starch-excess candidates were found and one (P17C12) could be confirmed as a homozygous mutant with a recessive starch-excess phenotype with Mendelian inheritance analysis. A large BC1F2 population was phenotyped and the starch-excess phenotype was mapped-by-sequencing. The sequence data obtained from the two bulks revealed that the mutation was likely located at the end of chromosome 1, a region that harbours 1 KO and 2 missense mutations as well as numerous mutations in non-coding regions. We decided to work with the KO, missense mutations and mutations in 5’ UTR and 3’ UTR first, which were a RecQ helicase 4 gene (RECQ4, Solyc01g103960), a mitochondrial carrier protein family gene (MCF, Solyc01g095510), a phospholipid-transporting ATPase gene (PTA, Solyc01g096930), a conserved peptide upstream open reading frame (CPuORF, Solyc01g105700), and a rubredoxin protein family gene (Solyc01g097910), respectively.To evaluate those mutations, we utilised different bioengineering techniques adapted to each case. We created KO or missense homozygous mutants by using CRISPR/Cas9 for RECQ4, MCF and PTA candidate genes, and homozygous mutants with insertion/deletion mutations in the 5’ UTR for CPuORF, but none of them showed a starch-excess phenotype. For Rubredoxin, besides creating KO mutants and mutants with similar mutations in 3’ UTR with CRISPR/Cas9, we also overexpressed Rubredoxin under the control of the 35S promoter as we found a significant increase of Rubredoxin mRNA in the 12 DAP (days after pollination) fruit of BC1F1 and S2 (P17C12), compared to the WT. The homozygous KO mutants could not grow through cotyledon stage, indicating that the lack of Rubredoxin is lethal for phototrophic plants. The mutants with mutations in 3’ UTR showed no changes in starch amount or mRNA levels of rubredoxin. Then, among the transformants overexpressing Rubredoxin, some showed 100 times higher expressions levels of Rubredoxin in leaves, but showed no significant starch increase in 20DAP fruit. Finally, none of the five candidate genes checked here led to a starch-excess phenotype in fruits, implying that more investigations are required regarding fine-mapping and mining the possible candidate genes.We also attempted to obtain starch-excess mutants via reverse genetics. We selected one alpha-amylase (AMY3.2) and three beta-amylases (BAM1.2, BAM3.2 and BAM9) to create the corresponding KO mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 techniques. We obtained homozygous KO mutants of AMY3.2 and BAM9, and heterozygous KO mutants of BAM1.2 and BAM3.2 in T1 generation. The mutants of two transgenic lines lacking AMY3.2 showed lower starch content in 20 DAP fruits. While the loss of BAM9 led to poor fertilization, and reduced seed numbers and fruit size in most mutants. Furthermore, in those mutants, starch levels were remarkably high in the ripening 35 DAP fruit. Then, in the red ripe fruit, mutants contained significant more glucose than WT fruits. Those results lead us to speculate that BAM9 may play important roles both in pollen viability and starch degradation during fruit ripening
Bollier, Norbert. "Implication des protéines adaptatrices IMA et MIF2 dans le développement floral chez Solanum lycopersicum et Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0181/document.
IMA (Inhibitor of Meristem Activity) and MIF2 (MIni zinc Finger 2) are two members of the MIni zinc Finger family (MIF) involved in the regulation of floral development and hormonal signaling pathways. Their ability to control physiological events is linked to their unique domain, a non canonical zinc finger, which confers to MIF the capacity to interact with other proteins. The characterization of gain- and loss-of-function lines for these genes in Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis thaliana allowed us to unravel their functional homology in the termination of floral stem cell maintenance. During early floral development, IMA and MIF2 gene expression is induced by the MADS-Box transcription factor AGAMOUS. Then, IMA and MIF2 proteins recruit the C2H2 zinc finger KNUCKLES (KNU), in a transcriptional repressor complex together with TOPLESS (TPL) and HISTONE DEACETYLASE19 (HDA19). This complex binds to the WUSCHEL (WUS) locus leading to WUS repression via a chromatin deacetylation mechanism. Further work allowed us to demonstrate that IMA and MIF2 play a wider role in floral development and organogenesis. Their function as adaptor protein is probably linked to their intrinsic disorder leading to structural flexibility and interaction specificity with a large range of partners
Girardi, César Luis. "Caracterisation fonctionnelle d'un facteur d'élongation mitochondrial LeFT-Tsmt chez la tomate : approches par transgénèse et protéomique." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPT009A.
Seleguini, Alexsander [UNESP]. "Híbridos de tomate industrial cultivados em ambiente protegido e campo, visando produção de frutos para mesa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98844.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Estudos voltados para identificação de cultivares de tomate que combinem alta produção, tipo de fruto adequado ao consumo “in natura”, com boa qualidade e aparência externa, associada ao hábito de crescimento rasteiro é de grande importância para o aproveitamento de áreas ou períodos adversos à cultura estaqueada ou onde se pretenda apenas baixar o custo de produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o comportamento de cinco híbridos de tomate industrial (AP 529, AP 533, Malinta, Heinz 9992 e Rio Brazil), nas condições de ambiente protegido e campo, para produção de frutos para mesa. O experimento foi conduzido de março a agosto de 2004, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia / UNESP, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira, SP. As parcelas foram compostas de uma linha com 20 plantas, no espaçamento de 1,0m entre fileiras e 0,3 m entre plantas. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições por ambiente, e análise de variância para grupo de experimentos, modelo fixo. O abrigo para o cultivo protegido tinha orientação leste-oeste, com dimensões de 5,4 x 30,0m, e cobertura em arco com filme de polietileno transparente de 75 mm de espessura. Avaliou-se o crescimento de plantas, características agronômicas, qualidade de frutos, além do estudo da viabilidade econômica. Verificou-se que em ambiente protegido foi maior a sobrevivência de plantas, maior o número de frutos médios, pequenos e totais produzidos por área. A produtividade total não foi alterada quando se comparou os ambientes de cultivo, entretanto o cultivo no campo apresentou maior produção de frutos graúdos, além de maior massa média de frutos. Qualitativamente os tomates produzidos em estufa apresentaram um melhor padrão. Em relação aos híbridos, a produtividade variou de 80,6 a 101,8 t/ha, destacando-se os híbridos AP 529 e AP 533, com... .
Studies gone back to identification to cultivate of tomato that combine high production, type of appropriate fruit to the natural consumption, with good quality and external appearance, associate to the habit of low it is of great importance for the use of areas or adverse periods to the propped up culture or where it is just intended to lower the production cost. This work had as objective to study the behavior of five hybrids of industrial tomato (AP 529, AP 533, Malinta, Heinz 9992 and Rio Brazil), in the conditions of protecting environment and field, for production of fruits for table. The experiment was conducted between march and august 2004, at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm (Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State, Brazil) of the College of Engineering of Ilha Solteira, UNESP. The parcels had been composed of a line with 20 plants, in the spacing of 1.0 m between rows and 0.3 m between plants. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with 4 repetitions for ambient, and analysis of variance, in a fixed model. The shelter for the protecting culture had orientation east-west, with 5.4 x 30.0m of dimensions and covering in arc with transparent polyethylene film of 75mm of thickness. Evaluated the growth of plants, agronomical characteristics and quality of fruits, beyond the study of the economic viability. It was verified that in protecting environment the survival of plants was bigger, greater the number of average, small fruits e total produced by area. The total productivity was not modified when it compared culture environments, however the culture in the field presented greater production of big fruits, beyond bigger average mass of fruits. Qualitatively the tomatoes produced in greenhouse had presented one better standard. In relation to the hybrids, the productivity varied of 80.6 the 101.8 t/ha, being distinguished... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Gonzalez, Nathalie. "Etude du rôle de la kinase WEE1 dans le contrôle du cycle cellulaire et de l'endoréduplication au cours de l'organogénèse du fruit de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. )." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21267.
We investigated the involvement of the WEE1 gene in the control of the cell cycle and the cell expansion-associated endoreduplication and its contribution to fruit organogenesis and fruit size using Tomato as a model for fleshy fruit development. We have isolated and characterized the genomic clone containing the whole S1WEE1 gene sequence from tomato. S1WEE1 is expressed in young dividing tissues and those where endoreduplication takes place. Impairing the expression of S1WEE1 in transgenic tomato plants resulted in a reduction of plant and fruit size resulting from a reduction in cell size which could be correlated with a decrease of the DNA ploidy levels. We showed that S1WEE1 participates in the control of cell size through the length determination of the G2 phase of the cell cycle and/or the onset of the endoreduplication process putatively driving cell expansion. A preliminary study of the S1WEE1 promoter and overexpressing S1WEE1 plants has also been performed
Tournier, Barthélémy. "Contrôle transcriptionnel de l'expression génique dépendant de l'éthylène au cours de la maturation du fruit chez la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum)." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT008A.
Forges, Marine. "Les rayonnements UV-C : un moyen de lutte pour stimuler les défenses du fraisier et de la tomate en cours de culture et améliorer la qualité / conservation des fruits après récolte." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0700/document.
Some fungi are very damaging during plant cultivation and also in post-harvest storage of products. Regulatory restrictions on fungicide use require alternative solutions. Improving plant resistance using physical methods, such as aplication of UV radiation, can be a promising alternative in association with other methods as part of an integrated pest management strategy. The objective of the present thesis was to study the effect of UV-C aplication on the sensitivity of plants to fungal pathogens. UV-C radiation was applied during plant cultivation, alone or in combination with biocontrol agents, or in post-harvest. Experiments were conducted on two plant species: strawberry and tomato.On strawberry plants, UV-C treatments at 1.70 kJ/m² result in a systematic 20 % decrease in leaves sensitivity to Botrytis cinerea and in a reduction by up to 50 % of the number of leaves infected by Podosphaera aphanis, the causal agent of powdery mildew. In tomato, leaves protection against B. cinerea reaches 43 % with a cumulative dose of 4.0 kJ/m². UV-C treatments applied on fruits reduce the strawberry sensitivity to Rhizopus by 75 % but no effect is observed against B. cinerea. On the contrary, sensitivity against B. cinerea is reduced by 63 % on tomato fruit. Biochemical and taste tests suggest that fruit quality is not significantly improved or altered by UV-C treatment. Despite a marked germicidal effect of UV-C radiation on strawberry leaves, it has no significant effect on the protective efficacy of biocontrol agents.Our observations are encouraging to consider the use of this tool in an integrated crop protection scheme. However, a clear understanding of how UV-C radiations are perceived by plants and their translation into defense mechanisms is necessary before their use is recommended in the field
Al, Gehani Idress. "Effet des stades d'application et de l'intensité de stress hydriques répétés sur l'état hydrique et la croissance des plantes et des fruits de tomate." Avignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AVIG0315.
Repeated water stress treatments of moderate intensity (pre-dawn leaf water potential from –0. 6 to –1. 3 MPa) and high intensity (pre-dawn leaf water potential from –1. 4 to –2. 0 MPa) were applied on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Cv Raïssa) plants growing in a greenhouse during the flowering and fruit growth stages for three successive years. The growth of shoots and fruits reduced with only one cycle of water stress treatment applied. When water stress treatment to be repeated, the water supply of the plants is strongly improved as well as the water supply and the dry matter accumulation of the fruits about +100% compared to the fruits developed by plants with only one cycle of water stress treatment, which results in a doubling of the water use efficiency. The stressed plants are able to develop an osmotic adjustment strategy whenever the stress intensity is high. Fruit osmotic potential decreased and accompanied by higher contents of soluble sugars (glucose and fructose) and of some organic acids (malic and citric acid). Water stress also reduces the loss of firmness of small size fruits. The firmness correlated strongly with fruit water potential but poorly with osmotic and turgor potential
Junior, Carlos Alberto de Souza. "Quantificação de espécies metállicas em Abacate (Persea americana Mill), Mamão (Carica papaya L.) Tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill), Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum), Dão (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam), Ingá (Inga edulis Mart), Tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L..), solo e água." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2013. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=246.
As espécies metálicas são de grande importância para se conhecer a concentração de metais em diversas matrizes verificando sua disponibilidade no solo, água e nas polpas das frutas estudadas, e podendo assim identificar o seu potencial de armazenamento de nutrientes relacionados ao meio que se encontram as matrizes estudadas. Foi aplicado um método de tratamento de amostras, calcinação (CA), para a quantificação de K, Na e Li por Fotometria de Chama (FOC) e Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni e Zn por Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica por Chama (FAAS), em amostras de abacate (Persea americana Mill), mamão (Carica papaya L.), tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum), dão (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam), ingá (Inga edulis Mart), tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L), e o solo e a água dessas regiões onde se encontravam essas matrizes em diferentes períodos denominados de seco e chuvoso. O método de CA mostrou-se eficiente, preciso, simples e exato para todas as espécies metálicas nas amostras sob estudo, com desvios padrões relativos abaixo de 10 % e recuperações na faixa de 90 a 110 %. Os teores de K, Na, Li, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni e Zn, demonstram limites de quantificação (LOQs) ideais ou aceitáveis, no método de (CA) para todas as amostras abordadas neste estudo. Os testes estatísticos, F e t emparelhado (95 % de confiança) aplicados aos resultados do método de (CA) mostram na maioria das comparações, que não existem diferenças significativas entre as suas precisões e concentrações em todas as espécies, bem como entre as amostras estudadas nos diferentes períodos denominados de seco e chuvoso. Diante disto, fezse necessário aplicar as análises estatísticas PCA e HCA, para avaliar mais precisamente os resultados obtidos ao longo do trabalho. Diante disto, pode-se verificar que há uma similaridade entre as amostras através da visualização gráfica. O método de CA apresentou-se eficaz quando verificado a quantidade de reagente utilizado, etapas de manipulação e contaminação da amostra. A quantidade de água proveniente das épocas seca e chuvosa, interferem diretamente na concentração das espécies metálicas estudadas nas diversas matrizes, contudo o fato de se ter elevado teor de uma espécie metálica na água, não necessariamente interfere na concentração dessa espécie no solo e frutas dessa região.
The metallic species are of great importance in order to know the concentration of metals in various matrices checking its availability in soil, water and fruit pulps studied and can therefore identify their potential of storage nutrients in areas related to matrices which are here studied . It was applied a method of treatment of samples, calcination (CA) for quantification of K, Na and Li by flame photometry (FOC) and Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn Absorption by Atomic Spectrometry flame (FAAS), in samples of avocado (Persea americana Mill), papaya (Carica papaya L.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum), (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam), Inga (Inga edulis Mart) , tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L), and soil and water in those regions where there were these matrices in different periods called dry and rainy. The method of CA proved to be efficient, accurate, simple and accurate for all metal species in the sample under study with relative standard deviations below 10%, and recoveries in the range of 90 to 110%. The levels of K, Na , Li , Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn show limits of quantification (LOQs) optimal or acceptable in the method of (CA) for all samples discussed in this study. Statistical tests, F e t paired (95 % confidence) applied to the results of the method (CA) show mostly comparisons that there are significant differences between their accuracy and concentrations in all species, as well as between samples studied in different periods called dry and rainy. Given this, it was necessary to apply statistical analysis PCA and HCA, in order to more accurately assess the statistical results obtained throughout the work. Given this, we can have a conclusion that there is a similarity between the samples through the graphical visualization. The method of CA was found to be effective when checked the quantity of reagent used, manipulation steps and sample contamination. The amount of water from the dry and wet, directly affect the concentration of metal species studied in various matrices, but the fact that a species having a high concentration metal species in the water, not necessarily interferes with the concentration of that species in soil and fruits of this region.
Larrigaudière, Christian. "Effets du traitement ionisant sur le métabolisme de l'acide 1 - aminocyclopropane - 1 - carboxylique chez des fruits climactériques : analyse de la réponse de stress et implications dans la maturation." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT019A.
Joubès, Jérôme. "Contribution à l'étude du développement précoce du fruit de tomate Lycopersicon esculentum Mill : rôle des gènes du cycle cellulaire dans le contrôle de l'organogé̀nèse du fruit." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28705.
Seleguini, Alexsander. "Híbridos de tomate industrial cultivados em ambiente protegido e campo, visando produção de frutos para mesa /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98844.
Banca: José Luis Susumu Sasaki
Banca: João Carlos Athanazio
Resumo: Estudos voltados para identificação de cultivares de tomate que combinem alta produção, tipo de fruto adequado ao consumo "in natura", com boa qualidade e aparência externa, associada ao hábito de crescimento rasteiro é de grande importância para o aproveitamento de áreas ou períodos adversos à cultura estaqueada ou onde se pretenda apenas baixar o custo de produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o comportamento de cinco híbridos de tomate industrial (AP 529, AP 533, Malinta, Heinz 9992 e Rio Brazil), nas condições de ambiente protegido e campo, para produção de frutos para mesa. O experimento foi conduzido de março a agosto de 2004, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia / UNESP, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira, SP. As parcelas foram compostas de uma linha com 20 plantas, no espaçamento de 1,0m entre fileiras e 0,3 m entre plantas. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições por ambiente, e análise de variância para grupo de experimentos, modelo fixo. O abrigo para o cultivo protegido tinha orientação leste-oeste, com dimensões de 5,4 x 30,0m, e cobertura em arco com filme de polietileno transparente de 75 mm de espessura. Avaliou-se o crescimento de plantas, características agronômicas, qualidade de frutos, além do estudo da viabilidade econômica. Verificou-se que em ambiente protegido foi maior a sobrevivência de plantas, maior o número de frutos médios, pequenos e totais produzidos por área. A produtividade total não foi alterada quando se comparou os ambientes de cultivo, entretanto o cultivo no campo apresentou maior produção de frutos graúdos, além de maior massa média de frutos. Qualitativamente os tomates produzidos em estufa apresentaram um melhor padrão. Em relação aos híbridos, a produtividade variou de 80,6 a 101,8 t/ha, destacando-se os híbridos AP 529 e AP 533, com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: Studies gone back to identification to cultivate of tomato that combine high production, type of appropriate fruit to the natural consumption, with good quality and external appearance, associate to the habit of low it is of great importance for the use of areas or adverse periods to the propped up culture or where it is just intended to lower the production cost. This work had as objective to study the behavior of five hybrids of industrial tomato (AP 529, AP 533, Malinta, Heinz 9992 and Rio Brazil), in the conditions of protecting environment and field, for production of fruits for table. The experiment was conducted between march and august 2004, at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm (Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State, Brazil) of the College of Engineering of Ilha Solteira, UNESP. The parcels had been composed of a line with 20 plants, in the spacing of 1.0 m between rows and 0.3 m between plants. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with 4 repetitions for ambient, and analysis of variance, in a fixed model. The shelter for the protecting culture had orientation east-west, with 5.4 x 30.0m of dimensions and covering in arc with transparent polyethylene film of 75mm of thickness. Evaluated the growth of plants, agronomical characteristics and quality of fruits, beyond the study of the economic viability. It was verified that in protecting environment the survival of plants was bigger, greater the number of average, small fruits e total produced by area. The total productivity was not modified when it compared culture environments, however the culture in the field presented greater production of big fruits, beyond bigger average mass of fruits. Qualitatively the tomatoes produced in greenhouse had presented one better standard. In relation to the hybrids, the productivity varied of 80.6 the 101.8 t/ha, being distinguished... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Mestre
Ranc, Nicolas. "Analyse du polymorphisme moléculaire de gènes de composantes de la qualité des fruits dans les ressources génétiques sauvages et cultivées de tomate : recherche d'associations gènes/QTL." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0001/document.
In Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), breeding for fruit quality is difficult due to the multiplicity and complexity of the traits. QTL mapping has allowed the genetic characterization of these traits. One of the challenges is now to identify the genes underlying these QTLs. Following this aim, we used linkage-disequilibrium (LD) mapping. To avoid hazardous associations between traits and polymorphisms, the genetic structure has to be taken into account for LD mapping. Cultivated tomato showed low genetic diversity reducing mapping resolution. Cherry type tomato genome is described to be admixture between cultivated tomato and its wild ancestor. Such admixture may increase resolution of association mapping. We used a core collection focused on cherry type accessions to validate a candidate gene for a fruit locule-number QTL. We found that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were highly associated with the trait. These two SNP evolved differently from the rest of the chromosome 2. They underwent a balanced selection which testifies a selection for fruit morphology diversity by human. Association mapping, focused on whole chromosome 2, allowed us to assess the extent of linkage disequilibrium over genetic and physical distances. Associations of polymorphisms with phenotypes were detected with structured association methods. We thus showed efficiency of genome admixture to overcome the low-resolution limitation of association mapping for an inbred crop. We validated previously identified QTLs and found associations with new QTLs and new candidate genes. An evolutionary model including bottleneck and gene flow between wild and domesticated forms is also presented
Hommel, Marie. "La régulation transcriptionnelle de l'expression génique dans le fruit de tomate : caractérisation fonctionnelle de promoteurs fruit-spécifiques et d'un co-facteur de la transcription de type MBF1." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7697/1/hommel.pdf.
Mathieu-Rivet, Elodie. "Etude du rôle de l'activateur de l'APC/C CCS52 dans la transition du cycle mitotique vers l'endocycle au cours du développement du fruit de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21654/document.
In this study, we have isolated 4 cDNAs encoding putative proteins activating the APC/C in tomato: SlCCS52A, SlCCS52B, SlCDC20-1, and SlCDC20-2. Data obtained by RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization revealed different expression profiles in tissues but also during the development of tomato fruit, suggesting that different activator proteins could provide the spatio-temporal modulation of the APC/C activity in tomato. In addition, the SlCCS52A transcripts accumulate especially in the fruit during the cell expansion phase, while transcripts of the SlCCS52B gene are rather present during the early stages of development, characterized by a high activity of cell divisions. To clarify the role of SlCCS52A and SlCCS52B in cell cycle control and endocycle in tomato, we performed a functional analysis of these genes. Reducing the expression of SlCCS52A leads to reduced fruit size and cell size, accompanied by a decrease in the level of ploidy. The overexpression of this gene alters the kinetics of fruit development. The establishment of endocycle is delayed, but the increase in ploidy is faster and the relative growth of the fruit is much more important then. Finally, the reduced expression of SlCCS52B leads to an increased expression of SlCCS52A in fruit, suggesting the existence of compensatory mechanisms. All these results show that SlCCS52A is involved in the establishment of endoreduplication in tomato, and participates in the control of cell expansion
Khoja, Hyder Ali. "Caractérisation de deux gènes codant pour des petites protéi͏̈nes de type Rab liant le GTP, LeRab6 et LeER43, chez la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill)." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT006A.
GOUBLE, BARBARA, and Daniel Côme. "Etude de l'action du protoxyde d'azote sur la biosynthese d'ethylene et la maturation de fruits de type climacterique : tomate (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) et avocat (persea americana mill.). analyse comparee du comportement du fruit entier et des disques de pericarpe de tomate." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066758.
Prudent, Marion. "Analyse des variations de poids et de teneurs en sucres du fruit de tomate par une approche intégrative combinant des études écophysiologique, génétique et moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600410.
Murshed, Ramzi. "Etude de l'expression des gènes impliqués dans le recyclage de la vitamine C dans les fruits de tomate en réponse à divers stress abiotiques." Avignon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AVIG0615.
Plants are constantly exposed to variety of environmental stresses that reduces their functioning. Among the abiotic stresses, water deficit limits yield more severely than any other environmental factor. The water deficit is mainly caused by three types of abiotic stress : drought, salinity and mercury. The effects of different levels of water stress and NaCl on oxidative parameters (H2O2 and MDA), the total pool sizes of ascorbate and the activities of antioxidant enzymes : superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the activities and relative transcript levels of the enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle : ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) were studied in the fruits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. Cv. Micro-Tom). Changes in H2O2 and MDA contents indicate that different abiotic stresses induced oxidative stress in the fruit. The concentrations of ascorbate (AsA) and dehydroascorbate (DHA) were generally modified by stress. In addition, changes in the activities of SOD and CAT and the activities and relative transcript levels of DHAR, MDHAR, APX and GR were depending on the development stage of fruit and the intensity and duration of stress. These results suggest that the response of antioxidant systems of tomato fruits to oxidative stress was different depending on the development stage of fruit. A rapid water deficit, caused by mercury, highlights the existence of a signal coming from the leaves and controlling the regulation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes. The results obtained using detached fruits suggest that H2O2 and NO are strongly involved in this signalling
Lebedenco, Anatoli. "Eficiência de métodos de controle de pragas do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), na região de Presidente Prudente - SP." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2006. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/412.
This research aimed to evaluate five methods for the control of the pests that infest the culture of tomato: a) Conventional method for the application of phytosanitary products commonly, used by farmers; b) Integrated pest management method (IPM) using the control levels (CL) of each insect-pest determined by the research; c) IPM with the use of extract of Azadirachta indica at 5% (v/v) concentration of solution (Neem); d) Sacking the tomato bunches right after flowering. e) Control plants, without any treatment against pests. Both the conventional and IPM methods were both efficient in controlling the pests of the tomato and resulted in reduced number of viral infected plants, and as a consequence, increasing in productivity of the culture by 156% and 165%, respectively. The number of pulverizations was reduced in 66.7% with the IPM method compared to the conventional. The IPM-Neem method showed low control of the sucker insects and lepidopterous and did not differ significantly from the control. The practice of sacking the bunches of tomato fruits represents a promising alternative in the production of fruits without the employment of pesticides, however, it is necessary a protection against sucker insects transmitters of viral illnesses and demands the utilization of protecting materials with better efficiency.
Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar cinco métodos de controle das pragas que infestam a cultura do tomateiro: a) Método convencional de aplicação de produtos fitossanitários, utilizado pelos agricultores; b) Manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) utilizando os níveis de controle (NC) de cada inseto-praga determinados pela pesquisa; c) MIP com o emprego de extrato de Azadirachta indica a 5% (Nim); d) Ensacamento das pencas de tomate logo após a floração e) Testemunha. O método convencional e o método MIP foram eficientes no controle das pragas do tomateiro, reduzindo o número de plantas viróticas e lepidópteros broqueadores, e em conseqüência, aumentando a produtividade da cultura em 156% e 165% respectivamente. O número de pulverizações foi reduzido em até 66,7% com o método MIP comparado ao convencional. O MIP-Nim apresentou baixo controle aos insetos sugadores e lepidópteros e não diferiu significativamente da testemunha. O ensacamento das pencas de tomate consistiu em uma alternativa promissora na produção de frutos sem a presença de inseticidas; no entanto, há a necessidade de proteção contra sugadores transmissores de vírus e utilização de material protetor de melhor eficiência
Xu, Jiaxin. "Exploration du polymorphisme moléculaire et protéique de la tomate pour l'identification de QTL de qualité du fruit." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927514.
Jaimes, Miranda Fabiola. "La régulation transcriptionnelle dépendant de l'éthylène : Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'un cofacteur transcriptionnel du type MBF1 et d'un facteur de transcription de la famille des ERF chez la tomate." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000242/.
Errami, Mohamed. "Devenir atmosphérique de bupirimate et transfert de ses métabolites (les diazines) dans l’atmosphère, sa dissipation dans les fruits de tomate et sa dégradation électrochimique." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS018/document.
The research study discussed in this thesis concerns the determination of the kinetic rate constants of the electrochemical and heterogeneous degradations of bupirimate. In this study we report the atmospheric fate of four compound heterocyclique by ozone and OH-Radicals using the technique of a simulation chamber coupled to a different analytical system.194 samples tomato samples from an agricultural region of the souss (Agadir, Morrocco) were analyzed for bupirimate (10%) endosulfan (7%), bifenthrine (4%), L. cyhalothrine (3%), iprodione (3%), procymidone (3%), deltamethrine (2%), tetradifon (2%), cypermethrine (1%), chlorothalonil (1%), tau-Fluvalinate (1%) and the concentration of author compounds is less of limits of detection (63%).The electrochemical oxidation of bupirimate is examined by bulk electrolyses at boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The influence of operating conditions on the reaction trend is investigated and suitable conditions for oxidative demolition of Bupirimate are individuated. The study also presents the results from bupirimate oxidation at BDD and SnO2 anodes. The COD of bupirimate solution was observed to fall with the first-Order kinetics. We also determined during this work that the constant kinetics of pesticide is about 109.10-4 min-1. In this study, we highlighted that the kinetics of degradation and the outputs of mineralization of bupirimate could be significantly increased, by variation of the various experimental parameters (concentration of electrolyte, value of the imposed current, and concentration of pesticide). The results of mineralization showed that the speed of degradation of the bupirimate by proceeds electrochemical is higher, one has obtains an output of elimination of 84% by the analyses of chromatography.UV spectra and the homogeneous reactivity vis-À-Vis the OH group of 4-Methylpyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, and pyridine (gaseous products of expected degradation of pesticides), were determined. Kinetic studies were carried out in several atmospheric chambers. The results show that for compounds 6 atoms aromatic ring, with 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms, the rate constants with OH radicals are of the same order of magnitude. The presence of atoms in the aromatic ring has a deactivating effect on the reactivity of these compounds with OH radicals. Moreover, the heterocyclic aromatic having 5 atoms is more highly reactive with OH radicals. The atmospheric lifetimes of these compounds, derived from our spectroscopic and kinetic measurements show that these species tend to be eliminated rapidly by different photochemical ways
Ying, Shiyu. "Régulation et rôle des facteurs de transcription de type ERF de la sous-classe E (ERF-E) dans la maturation des fruits climactériques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INPT, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023INPT0141.
Tomato fruit ripening is a finely regulated process with many well-known dynamic changes, from metabolites, color, and respiration rate to hormone level. As a climacteric fruit, tomato fruit experiences a developmental transition characterized by a burst of respiration at the onset of ripening and a rise in autocatalytic ethylene production. Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs) are end mediators of ethylene responses and members of subclade E (ERF.E) of this transcription factor family display remarkable ripening-associated expression patterns in tomato fruit. Notably, tomato ERF.E proteins are characterized by the presence of a consensus N-terminal motif, which has been identified in their Arabidopsis orthologs as the target of the N-end rule pathway under hypoxia. The first outcome of our study is to reveal that initiation of tomato fruit ripening is preceded by a dramatic drop in oxygen levels in locular gel, thus giving a solid physiological marker of ripening initiation. The study also unveils the function of ERF.E1 in tomato fruit ripening showing that overexpression of ERF.E1 promotes the initiation of ripening, by advancing both ethylene production and oxygen depletion event in the gel, compared with the WT and KO-erf.e1 lines. ERF.E1 positively regulates the promoter activities of key ripening genes, RIN and NOR, as well as the ethylene biosynthesis genes involved in System 2 ethylene production. In addition, the data show that ERF.E1 is regulated by hypoxia at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Hypoxia conditions induce transcription of ERF.E1 and promote ERF.E1 protein stability. Overall, while the study unraveled the role of ERF.E1 in ripening initiation based on the analysis of ERF.E1 impaired lines are altered at the early ripening stages it also uncovered potential proteins interacting with the ERF.E1 network components
Liu, Mingchun. "Functional characterization of Sl-ERF.B3, a member of the large multi-gene family of Ethylene Response Factor in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0089/document.
Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs) are known to be the last transcription factors of the ethylene transduction pathway. Their specific role in ethylene-dependent developmental processes remains poorly understood. This work demonstrated a specific role of Sl- ERF.B3, a member of the ERF gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), in mediating ethylene response and fruit ripening through a dominant repressor strategy. ERF.B3-SRDX dominant repressor etiolated seedlings displayed partial constitutive ethylene-response in the absence of ethylene and adult plants exhibited typical ethylenerelated alterations such as leaf epinasty, premature flower senescence and accelerated fruit abscission. The multiple symptoms related to enhanced ethylene sensitivity correlate with the altered expression of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes, suggesting the involvement of Sl-ERF.B3 in a feedback mechanism regulating components of ethylene production and response. In addition, over-expression of ERF.B3-SRDX in tomato results in alterations in both fruit morphology and ripening process. The attainment of competence to ripen is dramatically delayed in ERF.B3-SRDX fruits but once ripening proceeds it is associated with high climacteric ethylene production and enhanced fruit softening while pigment accumulation is strongly reduced. Moreover, a number of genes involved in the fruit ripening process showed expression pattern deviating from that of wild type. These data suggest a putative role of Sl-ERF.B3 in the transcriptional network underlying the ripening process and uncover a mean for uncoupling some of the main features of fruit ripening such as fruit softening and pigment accumulation. Overall, the study highlighted the importance of an ERF gene in ethylene-mediated developmental processes such as plant growth and fruit ripening