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Статті в журналах з теми "Fruit nutritional quality":
1
Silva, Suellen R. V. da, Fernando J. Freire, Jefrejan S. Rezende, Renato L. dos Santos, and Jailson C. Cunha. "Nutritional status and quality of table grapes cultivated in Submédio São Francisco Valley." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 27, no. 5 (May 2023): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p415-421.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT The cultivation of fruit trees is influenced by abiotic factors such as nutritional management. However, fertilizers are used in large amounts in vineyards, resulting in excess nutrients that can cause stress and reduce fruit quality. Calcium (Ca) is one of the most used nutrients in vineyards due to its effects on fruit quality. However, excess of Ca interferes with the distribution of Ca compounds in fruits, being a form of abiotic stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the nutritional balance of table grape orchards on calcium nutrition and fruit quality. Nineteen table grape orchards were selected in the Submédio São Francisco Valley in 2019 and 2020 crops. The nutritional diagnosis was performed using the integrated diagnosis and recommendation system (DRIS) and the average nutritional balance index (NBIm) was calculated. The concentration of Ca-pectate, Ca-total, berry firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and dry matter were determined in the fruits. The nutritional diagnosis identified excess Ca in the orchards. The correlation between Ca-pectate and the average NBIm was negative, indicating that the Ca-pectate concentration is higher in vines that are more nutritionally unbalanced. However, the Ca-total in the fruit was not correlated with Ca-pectate. Ca-total and Ca-pectate were not correlated with berry firmness. Calcium nutrition is complex and highlights the importance of associating the assessment of nutritional balance with Ca in fruit quality to optimize the nutritional management of the grapevine.
2
Čížková, H., R. Ševčík, A. Rajchl, and M. Voldřich. "Nutritional Quality of Commercial Fruit Baby Food." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (June 24, 2009): S134—S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/616-cjfs.
Анотація:
Commercial fruit baby food is a preserved fruit product usually made with fruit purees, sugar, water and variable additives (thickening agents, antioxidants, etc.). As the foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses, baby foods for infants and young children conforms to a set of strict guidelines e.g. maximum levels for pesticide residues, microbiological contamination, addition of additives, labelling, etc. However, being an important supplement to children diet and/or for their progressive adaptation to ordinary food, the nutritional quality of commercial fruit baby food in very important. Ten samples of commercial fruit baby food from the market were analysed for the fruit content, ascorbic acid and total polyphenols content and total antioxidant capacity determined by DPPH method. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural content were followed as the time-temperature effort indicators. The method for the estimation of fruit content in products was based on the concentration of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, potassium, formol number, malic and citric acid, phosphorus, ash and refractive index and the results were compared with the Code of practice of AIJN and literature sources. The study indicates that there are big differences in composition and quality of commercial fruit baby food, whereas some samples contain fruits only, another products are diluted with significant amount of sugar, water and starchy fillers.
3
Jivan, C., and F. Sala. "Relationship between tree nutritional status and apple quality." Horticultural Science 41, No. 1 (March 13, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/152/2013-hortsci.
Анотація:
Development of prediction models for the quality of apples is useful in guiding fruit tree nutrition and in optimising fruit management. The interrelationships between the leaf nutrient contents and some fruit quality indices were studied in five apple cultivars – Generos, Florina, Delicios de Voinesti, Jonathan and Pionier. Highly significant relationships between N and Fe contents (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.734; P < 0.01) and between Cu and K (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.702; P < 0.01) were found. Acidity was negatively correlated with soluble solids content in the cvs Generos, Delicios de Voinesti and Jonathan, whereas the respective correlation in the apple cv. Pionier was positive. In cv. Florina fruits no significant correlation was found between acidity and soluble solids content. Among macroelements, nitrogen had a considerable contribution to fruit acidity and this allows to predict this index with a high degree of safety (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.690; RMSEP<sub>N</sub> = 0.105). Microelements have a lower contribution to acidity and a higher one to the sugar accumulation; in case of Zn are R<sup>2</sup> = 0.809; RMSEP<sub>Zn</sub> = 4.250.
4
Qaderi, Rohullah, Bruno Mezzetti, Franco Capocasa, and Luca Mazzoni. "Stability of Strawberry Fruit (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Nutritional Quality at Different Storage Conditions." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010313.
Анотація:
Strawberry fruit is a very rich source of vitamins and phenolic compounds, which determine its nutritional properties. Strawberries are a highly perishable non-climacteric fruit, and their perishable nature can lead to physical and chemical damage during storage. Therefore, the large market of fresh fruit relies on the capacity of fast distribution and marketing under a continuous cold-storage chain. In this study, we applied different cold-storage temperatures (domestic −20 °C and industrial −80 °C) on different treatments (whole fruits and dried fruits) of three strawberry cultivars (Arianna, Francesca, and Silvia), for up to seven months, and evaluated the influence of different storage conditions and lengths on the stability of the fruits’ nutritional compounds (vitamin C, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and folate). The results show that the nutritional quality of the fruits was significantly affected by storage temperature (with −80 °C storage preserving more nutritional compounds), while storage time did not greatly affect the composition of the nutritional compounds in the whole or dried fruits. Oven drying the fruits dramatically affected their vitamin C content, almost completely degrading this compound (from 731.8 to 23.2 mg/kg at time 0 for fresh Arianna fruit, the cultivar with the highest amount). The amount of folate was increased during storage (from 126.17 at time 0 to 190.61 µg/kg at time 7 for fresh whole Arianna fruit). The interesting results obtained in this study are worth considering in future studies, to better plan fruit-storage conditions and time, for maintaining better fruit nutritional quality.
5
Tietel, Zipora, Uri Yermiyahu, and Asher Bar-Tal. "Sulfate Fertilization Preserves Tomato Fruit Nutritional Quality." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051117.
Анотація:
Sulfur is an essential mineral in human nutrition, involved in vital biochemical processes. Sulfur deficient soil is becoming a severe issue, resulting from increased agricultural production and decreased sulfur emissions. Tomato cultivation using sulfur-poor soils and desalinated water is becoming widespread, and might result in plant and fruit sulfur deficiency. In the current work, we aimed at evaluating the effect of sulfur fertilization (0.1–4 mM) on fruit sulfur concentrations, under both low (4 mM) and high (11 mM) nitrogen fertilization, to assess fruit sulfur biofortification, alongside the effect on fruit mineral composition, and on tomato plants. The experiment was performed on a semi-commercial scale, during two seasons, with a real-life fertilization range. We evaluated fruit elemental composition, in addition to young (diagnostic) leaves, as an indication to nutritional status. Our results show no harmful effect of low sulfur treatment on plant growth and high yield. Increased fertilization-sulfur exclusively induced sulfur accumulation in the fruit, while increasing fertilization-nitrogen subsequently increased fruit nitrogen. Sulfur treatments resulted in a consistent negative effect on fruit molybdenum and calcium, as well as a positive effect on fruit sodium levels. At the same time, other fruit minerals, including phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper, remained unaltered by sulfur treatments. Leaf response trends generally adhered to those of fruit. Taken together, our findings suggest that sulfur fertilization can biofortify tomato with sulfur while retaining fruit mineral composition and nutritional quality, excluding a decrease in Molybdenum levels, to assure food security and maintain fruit and vegetables as a significant source of sulfur and other minerals. Possibilities of practical application of this work’s results include optimization of fertilization levels in crop cultivation under sulfur deficiency for yield and nutritional quality, alongside the biofortification of tomatoes with sulfur and nitrogen with no adverse effect to other fruit minerals.
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Battino, Maurizio, and Bruno Mezzetti. "Update on fruit antioxidant capacity: a key tool for Mediterranean diet." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 8A (December 2006): 1099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007668554.
Анотація:
AbstractObjectiveTo review and update the most relevant research dealing with the antioxidant properties of fruits which can be useful in Mediterranean and other healthy diets.DesignPersonal perspectives and late data.SettingInternationalResultsThe evaluation of total antioxidant capacity of fruits is of pivotal importance in assessing the nutritional attributes of these products. By means of specific breeding programmes, it is possible to select antioxidant-enriched fruit varieties. These features are susceptible to be improved through generations in order to release fruits with enhanced nutritional features.ConclusionsThe availability of high quality and nutritionally enriched fruit at competitive costs may be a useful tool in the planning of healthy diets.
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Schubert, Ramona, Stephanie Werner, Hillary Cirka, Philipp Rödel, Yudelsy Tandron Moya, Hans-Peter Mock, Imke Hutter, Gotthard Kunze, and Bettina Hause. "Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhization on Fruit Quality in Industrialized Tomato Production." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 7029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197029.
Анотація:
Industrialized tomato production faces a decrease in flavors and nutritional value due to conventional breeding. Moreover, tomato production heavily relies on nitrogen and phosphate fertilization. Phosphate uptake and improvement of fruit quality by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are well-studied. We addressed the question of whether commercially used tomato cultivars grown in a hydroponic system can be mycorrhizal, leading to improved fruit quality. Tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis were grown under different phosphate concentrations and in substrates used in industrial tomato production. Changes in fruit gene expression and metabolite levels were checked by RNAseq and metabolite determination, respectively. The tests revealed that reduction of phosphate to 80% and use of mixed substrate allow AM establishment without affecting yield. By comparing green fruits from non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to possibly be involved in processes regulating fruit maturation and nutrition. Red fruits from mycorrhizal plants showed a trend of higher BRIX values and increased levels of carotenoids in comparison to those from non-mycorrhizal plants. Free amino acids exhibited up to four times higher levels in red fruits due to AM, showing the potential of mycorrhization to increase the nutritional value of tomatoes in industrialized production.
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Meza, Silvia Leticia Rivero, Eric de Castro Tobaruela, Grazieli Benedetti Pascoal, Hilton César Rodrigues Magalhães, Isabel Louro Massaretto, and Eduardo Purgatto. "Induction of Metabolic Changes in Amino Acid, Fatty Acid, Tocopherol, and Phytosterol Profiles by Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Application in Tomato Fruits." Plants 11, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030366.
Анотація:
Methyl jasmonate hormone can stimulate the production of several metabolites responsible for improving fruit quality and nutritional attributes related to human health. In this context, efforts to manipulate tomatoes, such as using hormonal treatment to increase metabolite levels essential to plant growth and human nutrition, have received considerable attention. The aim of this study was to show the impact of metabolic profile on fruit quality and nutritional properties under exogenous methyl jasmonate during fruit ripening. The treatments were performed using 100 ppm of methyl jasmonate and 100 ppm of gaseous ethylene over 24 h. Ethylene emission, fruit surface color and metabolomics analysis were measured at 4, 10, and 21 days after harvest, considering the untreated fruits as control group. Methyl jasmonate induced the production of amino acids—mainly glutamine, glutamic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (at least 14-fold higher)—and fatty acids—mainly oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids (at least three-fold higher than untreated fruits); while exogenous ethylene predominantly affected sugar metabolism, increasing the levels of fructose, mannose and glucose to at least two-fold that levels in the untreated fruits. Additionally, methyl jasmonate significantly affected secondary metabolites, inducing by at least 80% the accumulation of α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol in fully ripe fruits. Our results suggest that the postharvest application of the hormone methyl jasmonate can contribute to the sensory characteristics and increase the nutritional value of the fruits since important changes related to the tomato metabolome were associated with compounds responsible for the fruit quality and health benefits.
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Magee, James B. "Misconceptions of Fruit and Vegetable Nutritional Quality." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 693e—693. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.693e.
Анотація:
Many concepts of the nutritional value of fruit and vegetables generally accepted in the past, in the light of more knowledge, today are considered “misconceptions.” For example, the tomato, once considered poisonous, then shown edible, later proved to be a “good” food and a valuable source of minerals and vitamin C, today shows the potential for significant anti-cancer activity. Results of a 6-year study of the dietary habits of 47,000 men reported up to a 45% reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer of those who ate 10 or more servings per week of tomato-based products. Other misconceptions to be discussed include nightshade vegetables and arthritis, apples after meals to clean the teeth and gums, and “if a little is good for you, a lot must be better.” Today's nutritional ideas about many fruits and vegetables may become tomorrow's misconceptions as our knowledge of the composition (e.g., phytochemicals) of fruits and vegetables increases. Examples of this are include the use of muscadine pomace and the nutritive value of strawberries.
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Mourão Filho, Francisco de Assis Alves. "DRIS: concepts and applications on nutritional diagnosis in fruit crops." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 5 (October 2004): 550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000500015.
Анотація:
Nutrition and fertilization are important factors in determining fruit yield and fruit quality. There are several methods for plant nutritional status diagnosis, among them, two are relevant and named as Sufficiency Range Approach (SRA) and Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS). This research reports the main concepts and applications of DRIS in nutritional diagnosis of fruit crops, comparing it with current nutritional diagnosis methods, indicating advantages and disadvantages, and possible limitations to be investigated.
Дисертації з теми "Fruit nutritional quality":
1
Novela, Precious. "Delayed fruit harvest on yield, nutritional value and post-harvest quality of late maturing reed avocado (Persea Americana Mill)." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1711.
Анотація:
Thesis (MSc .(Plant Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016Delayed fruit harvest (DFH) or on-tree-fruit storage is a strategy being considered to extend the harvest season of late maturing ‘Reed’ avocado. However, avocado fruit growth beyond physiological maturity is accompanied by alterations in chemical and physical properties. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the effects of delayed harvest on tree productivity, mineral nutrition and post-harvest quality of late maturing ‘Reed’ avocado and further to evaluate the fruit quality response to varying ripening temperature regimes. As treatments, fruit were harvested early, mid and late in the season, with one month apart from each harvest during 2013 and 2014 seasons. Yield and fruit size were recorded at harvest. During each harvest time, two sets of fruit samples were collected to determine the fruit nutritional content while the second set was cold stored at 5.5°C for 28 days. After storage, fruit were ripened at 16, 21 or 25°C and evaluated for post-harvest disorders, pathological diseases and fruit physico-chemical properties. Yield dropped from 42 to 12 kg/tree from early to late harvest during 2013, while treatments showed no effect during 2014. Furthermore, treatments had no effect on fruit size during both seasons. Phosphorus content decreased by 40 and 23% from early to late harvest time during 2013 and 2014 seasons, respectively. Similar decreasing patterns were observed for K, Ca and Mg content. Zinc content remained constant during 2013; however, mid-season fruit maintained higher zinc levels during 2014 season when compared to early and late harvest time. Protein content was constant for early and mid-season fruit but significantly decreased during the late harvest in both seasons. Moisture content decreased from 74.0 to 65.0% from early to late harvest during both seasons. Starch, oil and ash content were high during late harvest time in both seasons; while crude fibre was high during the mid-harvest time when compared with early and late harvest time. Internal chilling injury increased with maturity and ripening temperature. In both seasons, higher temperatures induced higher anthracnose incidences during early and mid-harvest compared with late harvest time. Similarly, vascular browning was high on fruit ripened at 16°C during early and mid-harvest time but decreased on late harvest fruit during 2013. However, low ripening temperatures induced high incidences of vascular browning during 2014 season. Stem-end rot was high on fruit ripened at 16°C than 21 and 25°C during 2014 season. xvi Physico-chemical quality parameters showed similar behaviour in both seasons. Fruit lightness increased with ripening time regardless of ripening temperature during the early harvest, but remained constant during mid and late harvest. Hue angle (h0) and Chroma (C*) values were slightly reduced during ripening. Fruit ripened at 25°C had the highest respiration rate and reached a climacteric peak earlier (day 2) than fruit ripened at 21 and 16°C (day 4). Fruit firmness and weight loss were high and rapid at 25°C followed by 21 and 16°C regardless of the harvest time. Delayed harvest had no effect on yield and fruit size. Generally, nutritional content of avocado fruit increased with fruit maturity. Furthermore, fruit maturity played a major role in the response of fruit to ripening temperature. Higher temperature enhanced fruit ripening, but was conducive for development of post-harvest diseases. Keywords: Harvesting time, nutrition, yield, fruit size, ripening temperature, post-harvest quality
2
DI, VITTORI LUCIA. "Improving the sensorial and nutritional quality of strawberry fruits." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/253035.
Анотація:
Negli ultimi decenni, il consumatore è sempre più attento agli aspetti salutari della dieta, ponendo quindi particolare attenzione alla qualità generale del prodotto, dal punto di vista agronomico e commerciale fino alla qualità sensoriale e nutrizionale. Queste caratteristiche sono molto variabili tra specie differenti di fragola, ma anche all’interno di diverse cultivar appartenenti alla stessa specie. Lo scopo di questo studio triennale è stato quello di valutare e selezionare nuovi genotipi di fragola dall’elevata qualità e valore nutrizionale.
I frutti di 51 genotipi di fragola derivanti da incroci interspecifici di Fragaria virginiana glauca con Fragaria x ananassa (F1), back-crossings (BC1, BC2 e BC3), varietà e selezioni di Fragaria x ananassa (Fxa) e da selezioni di Fragaria x ananassa per uso industriale (Fxa(Ind)) sono stati analizzati per parametri produttivi, sensoriali, qualitativi e nutrizionali.
Nel programma di back-crossing sviluppato in questo studio, la scelta dei migliori genotipi come parentali per le varie generazioni di backcrossing (BC1, BC2 e BC3) ha permesso di ottenere nell’ultima generazione selezioni ricche di sostanze antiossidanti, ma anche con un buon recupero delle caratteristiche produttive e un miglioramento delle proprietà sensoriali rispetto alle precedenti generazioni di incrocio. A questo punto del processo di miglioramento genetico, è possibile affermare che i caratteri per l’elevata quantità di sostanze antiossidanti sono stati stabilizzati nel BC3, anche con un piccolo aumento rispetto alle popolazioni di Fragaria x ananassa e F1. La produzione in questo gruppo non è lontana dalle esigenze commerciali: con un ulteriore aumento del peso del frutto mediante reincrocio con un genitore (Fragaria x ananassa) dalle elevate performance produttive, alcuni genotipi di BC3 hanno il potenziale per diventare cultivar commerciali.In the last few decades, the most knowledgeable consumer on the diet and its nutritional principles pays particular attention to the overall quality assessment, comprising the agronomic/commercial quality, the organoleptic quality and the nutritional quality. All those characteristics are very variable among different species, but also among different varieties within the same species. The aim of this triennial study is to select new genotypes of strawberries with high quality and nutritional value. Fruits of 51 strawberry selections from interspecific crossings of Fragaria virginiana glauca with Fragaria x ananassa (F1), back-crossings (BC1, BC2, BC3), varieties and advanced selections of Fragaria x ananassa (Fxa) and Fragaria x ananassa for industrial purpose (Ind) were analyzed for productive, sensorial, qualitative, and nutritional analyzes. In the back-crossing program developed in this study, the choice of best parental genotypes for the various backcrossing generations (BC1, BC2 and BC3) allowed to obtain in the last generation, selections rich in antioxidant substances but also with a good recovery of productive characteristics, and ameliorating sensorial properties in respect to the previous crossing generations. At this point of the breeding process, it is possible to affirm that characters for the high amount of antioxidant substances were stabilized at BC3, even with a small increase in respect to both Fragaria x ananassa and F1 populations. The production in this group is not far from commercial requirements: with further increasing of the fruit weight by backcrossing with a parent (Fragaria x ananassa) with high productive characteristics, some genotypes of BC3 have the potential to become commercial cultivars.
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Tandhansakul, Montira, and Nuttawat Preechavibul. "A research of consumer attitudes to fruit snacks : A study of Thai consumers’ attitudes toward vacuum fried crispy fruits." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12566.
Анотація:
Title: A research of consumer attitudes to fruit snacks : A study of Thai consumers‟ attitudes toward vacuum fried crispy fruits Problem : How should Thai snack companies create their appropriate marketing planning of vacuum fried crispy fruits for satisfying Thai target consumer? Purpose: To investigate the Thai consumers‟ attitudes towards the vacuum fried crispy fruits that will be beneficial in creating the appropriate marketing planning as well as to recommend the potential marketing mix of this product to Thai snack companies Method: The research technique used in this study is mainly based on the quantitative method. By mailing the 400 surveys to the Thai respondents in Bangkok, the data will be collected and evaluated by using the statistic software program as well as using the secondary data to be a supportive source in this research. Moreover, there are marketing theories used in analyzing the data in this research in order to be more academic and reliable. Conclusion: The most influence attitude factor that motivates the Thai consumers to purchase this product is the sales promotion, in particular the samples promotion. While their attitudes to the terms of nutritional content and product quality are positive that can influence them to make a decision to purchase this product easier. Keywords: Snack fruits, Product Development, Consumer Behavior, Product Quality and Nutritional Content
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Pham, Tam Thi Minh. "Pre-harvest factors affecting fruit quality in sweet oranges with an emphasis on albedo breakdown." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2300.
Анотація:
Albedo breakdown known as creasing, a physiological disorder, due to abnormal separation of cells leading to the formation of irregular fractures in the white tissue (albedo) causing the creases of sweet orange rind. It causes serious economic losses to the sweet orange growers in Australia and in other orange producing areas of the world.Fruit quality, particularly albedo breakdown has been influenced by various factors such as plant water relations, genetic factors, plant nutritional status and plant growth regulators. My research investigated the development of the incidence and the severity of albedo breakdown during fruit maturation and ripening, the effects of severity of albedo breakdown on fruit quality among locations and cultivars of ‘Navel’ sweet orange. I also elucidated the influence of deficit regulated irrigation, exogenous application of surfactants added in calcium solution, exogenous application of boron and the role of ethylene in the incidence of albedo breakdown, textural properties of the rind and fruit quality of ‘Navel’ sweet oranges.The incidence and the severity of albedo breakdown increased rapidly after commercial harvest. The incidence and severity of albedo breakdown in ‘Washington Navel’ orange differed from location to location, with the lowest at Harvey as compared to three other locations. Regardless of locations and cultivars, the severity of albedo breakdown did not affect juice content, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, citric acid and malic acid except for decreasing succinic acid and increasing tartaric acid. Locations and cultivars significantly influenced these fruit quality parameters.The application of deficit irrigation (50% and 75% water supply of control trees) improved fruit quality in terms of increased soluble solids concentrations and acidity levels without affecting percentage of juice, pH of juice, ascorbic acid and individual organic acids in ‘Navelina’ sweet orange. The enhancement of the uptake of Ca in leaf, rind, and pulp of the fruit and the reduction in the incidence of albedo breakdown were obtained with the application of different surfactants added into aqueous solutions of 2% Ca(NO[subscript]3)[subscript]2 starting from 81 days after full bloom (DAFB) at 10-day intervals. Among four tested surfactants, ‘Tween 20’ (0.05%) was the most effective in enhancing Ca uptake, reducing albedo breakdown and improving textural properties of rind and fruit firmness while maintaining the other important fruit quality attributes in ‘Washington Navel’ sweet orange.The foliar application of boron enhanced the concentration of boron and calcium in the leaf, rind and pulp. The single spray application of boron in early summer at 600 mg.L[superscript]-1 was the most effective in increasing boron concentration in the leaf, rind and pulp of fruit, reducing the incidence of albedo breakdown and improving textural properties of rind and fruit firmness without affecting any the other fruit quality attributes in ‘Washington Navel’ sweet orange.Rind of fruit with albedo breakdown produced the higher ethylene production than the normal fruit. The exogenous application of ethylene inhibitors including AVG (200 mg.L[superscript]-1) and CoSO[subscript]4 (300 mg.L[superscript]-1) reduced the incidence of albedo breakdown and improved the rind textural properties in ‘Washington Navel’ sweet orange. Ethylene seems to be involved in the incidence of albedo breakdown.In conclusion, the severity of albedo breakdown did not affect the major attributes of fruit quality in ‘Navel’ sweet oranges. The applications of deficit irrigation, exogenous 2% Ca(NO[subscript]3)[subscript]2 containing ‘Tween 20’ as a surfactant and the exogenous spray application of boron (600 mg.L[superscript]-1) influenced the incidence and severity of albedo breakdown without affecting other fruit quality parameters. Ethylene seems to be associated with the incidence of albedo breakdown in ‘Washington Navel’ sweet orange.
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Shalluf, Milad A. "Effect of post-harvest treatment on ripening and quality of tomato fruit using ozone : application of different ozone doses as controlled atmosphere storage for delay ripening and maintaining the quality of tomatoes and effect of ozone on antioxidant and sugar compounds at different stages of tomato fruit ripening." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4448.
Анотація:
Tomatoes are widely produced and consumed due to their nutritional content and versatility. However, the tomato is a soft fruit liable to damage and flavour deterioration. Hence, the main challenge for the tomato producing industry is to prevent the high loss incurred during harvest, handling and transportation of the crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the overall nutritional implication of controlled storage of tomatoes using ozone on the ripening process and the basic nutritional components of tomatoes. This investigation was also designed to focus on the effect of different ozone doses on the basic components and properties (carotenoids, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity and soluble sugars content) of the quality and dynamic maturity of tomatoes. Green tomatoes (Rio Grande) were treated in glass chambers with ozone enriched air [(air + 2, 7 and 21 mg O3/g tomato) and control (air only)] under humidity and temperature of 90-95% and 14-17 oC respectively. Tomatoes were sampled after 14 days of ozone treatment in the storage chamber and analyzed for different quality parameters (appearance, weight loss, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), titratable acidity, total ascorbic acid and carotene) of the ripening. The variety Elegance tomatoes were selected and the fruits were graded by colour and subjected to treatment with ozone (in doses 0 (clean air), 0.25, 0.50, and1.00 mg O3/g tomatoes) during storage for 6 days under the same humidity and temperature conditions. The fruits were analysed for carotenoids, ascorbic acid content, total antioxidant activity and soluble sugars. Analysis of the fruits clearly showed that ozone significantly delayed the development of colour on the surface, particularly in the low doses, and caused black spots on the surface of the tomatoes, particularly in higher ozone doses. Ozone did not affect the ascorbic acid and titratable acidity content. However ozone did reduce the Total Soluble Solids (TSS) by about 10% at the lowest ozone dose. A high inhibition of accumulation of carotenoids, particularly at low dose, of the tomatoes (Rio Grande) was also observed. Tomatoes (Elegance) under ozone treatments contained higher ß-carotene than those under the control treatment and lycopene content increased during storage in the red stage of tomato fruits. Ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and the total of AsA and DHA concentrations, and ratios of redox (ASA/ (ASA + DHA) and DHA/AsA in pericarp and pulp of tomatoes tissue, did not show clear differences between the different treatments. The concentrations of the glucose and fructose increased in the tomatoes which were subjected to ozone treatments. Results from this study show that controlled atmosphere storage of tomatoes using ozone is a viable technique which warrants further study.
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Morales, Alfaro Julia. "Effect of Rootstock on the Fruit Quality of Mandarins "Clemenules" and "Tango", and Blood Oranges "Tarocco Rosso" and "Moro"." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165858.
Анотація:
[ES] La citricultura se enfrenta a escenarios ambientales cambiantes que provocan diferentes estreses bióticos y abióticos que pueden dificultar la producción o afectar a la calidad de la fruta. El patrón sobre el cual se injerta una variedad específica es una importante herramienta para mejorar su adaptabilidad a cada área de cultivo.
En la presente Tesis se realiza el estudio del efecto del patrón sobre la calidad físico-química y nutricional de la fruta en variedades de gran interés comercial en la actualidad, mandarinas 'Clemenules' y 'Tango' y naranjas sanguinas 'Tarocco Rosso' y 'Moro'.
En 'Clemenules' se llevó a cabo la evaluación de la calidad de la fruta de árboles injertados sobre ocho patrones en tres momentos de cosecha durante dos campañas. Los patrones Forner-Alcaide 13 y C-35 destacaron por adelantar el cambio de color, lo que es de gran interés comercial. Por otra parte, Forner-Alcaide V17 destacó por mantener niveles óptimos de acidez hasta el final de la campaña y presentar el mayor contenido en vitamina C, flavonoides, glucosa y fructosa. Carrizo Citrange también indujo altas concentraciones de sacarosa y vitamina C.
'Tango' es una mandarina de reciente introducción en el área mediterránea de gran interés por su periodo de recolección tardío. En esta Tesis se abordó el estudio de los cambios en la calidad fisicoquímica, nutricional y sensorial de la mandarina 'Tango' injertada sobre dos patrones (Carrizo Citrange y Forner-Alcaide 5) en las dos áreas principales de producción de Andalucía. Los resultados revelaron que la calidad de la fruta se vio influenciada por la localización de las parcelas, lo que se relacionó con la composición de la textura del suelo. En ambas localizaciones, Forner-Alcaide 5 indujo mayor contenido en acidez, sólidos solubles totales, sacarosa, vitamina C y ácido cítrico en la fruta. Las determinaciones físico-químicas, junto con la evaluación sensorial permitieron establecer el momento óptimo de recolección dependiendo de las diferentes condiciones estudiadas.
También se ha incluido un estudio del comportamiento postcosecha de esta variedad, ya que no existían datos en nuestras condiciones de cultivo. La mandarina 'Tango' presentó síntomas externos de daños por frío a partir de los 20 días almacenada a 1°C y 5°C. Se realizó un estudio micro-estructural para caracterizar la alteración. Los frutos del patrón Forner-Alcaide 5 presentaron una menor incidencia de los daños por frío. El almacenamiento a 9°C no comprometió la calidad externa o interna.
Dentro del grupo de naranjas, en los últimos años existe una creciente demanda por las naranjas sanguinas para su consumo en fresco. Para evaluar el efecto del patrón se tomaron las variedades 'Moro' y 'Tarocco Rosso' injertadas sobre ocho patrones. La calidad interna se vio afectada por el momento de cosecha, siendo más evidente en 'Moro'. En ambas variedades el patrón afectó a los parámetros de calidad durante la maduración. En 'Moro', se observó una reducción en el color del zumo debido a la degradación de los antocianos, siendo los patrones C-35, Macrophylla y Volkameriana los que mostraron un mayor descenso. Esta degradación se relacionó con los cambio de la temperatura durante el periodo de recolección. En 'Tarocco Rosso' no se evidenció ninguna degradación, lo que sugiere que esta variedad es menos sensible a los cambios de temperatura. En esta variedad Forner-Alcaide 5 y Forner-Alcaide 13 produjeron fruta con mayor contenido en antocianos y azúcares.
Además se llevó a cabo el estudio de la aptitud a la frigoconservación de las variedades de sanguinas 'Tarocco Rosso' y 'Sanguinelli'. Mientras que la calidad interna no se vio afectada por el almacenamiento (1°C, 5°C y 9°C) durante 45 días, la fruta presentó síntomas de daños por frío a 1°C. 'Sanguinelli' presentó mayor incidencia que 'Tarocco Rosso'. Estas sanguinas se pueden almacenar entre 5 y 9°C[CA] La citricultura s'enfronta constantment a escenaris ambientals canviants que provoquen diferents estressos biòtics i abiòtics. El patró sobre el qual s'empelta una varietat específica és una important eina per a millorar la seua adaptabilitat agronòmica en cada àrea de cultiu. En la present Tesi s'ha dut a terme l'estudi de l'efecte del patró sobre la qualitat físic-química i nutricional de la fruita en varietats de gran interés comercial, mandarines 'Clemenules' i 'Tango' i, taronges sanguines 'Tarocco Rosso' i 'Moro'. En 'Clemenules' es va dur a terme l'avaluació de la qualitat de la fruita d'arbres empeltats sobre huit patrons en tres moments de collita, en dues campanyes. Entre els patrons avaluats, Forner-Alcaide 13 i C-35 van destacar per avançar el canvi de color. D'altra banda Forner-Alcaide V17 va destacar per mantindre nivells òptims d'acidesa fins al final de la campanya i va presentar el major contingut en vitamina C, flavonoides, glucosa i fructosa. Carrizo Citrange també va induir altes concentracions de sacarosa i vitamina C en la fruita. 'Tango' és una mandarina de recent introducció en l'àrea mediterrània amb gran interés pel seu període de recol·lecció que comença quan finalitza el de les clementines. En la present Tesi es van estudiar els canvis en la qualitat físic-química, nutricional i sensorial de la mandarina Tango empeltada sobre dos patrons (Carrizo Citrange i Forner-Alcaide 5) durant el període de collita en les dues àrees principals de producció d'Andalusia. La qualitat de la fruita es va veure influenciada per la localització, la qual cosa es va relacionar amb la composició de la textura del sòl. En totes dues localitzacions, Forner-Alcaide 5 va ser el patró que va induir major contingut en acidesa, sòlids solubles totals, sacarosa, vitamina C i àcid cítric en la fruita. Les determinacions físic-químiques i l'avaluació sensorial van permetre establir el moment òptim de recol·lecció depenent de les diferents condicions estudiades. També s'ha inclòs un estudi del comportament postcollita d'aquesta varietat, ja que no existien dades en les nostres condicions de cultiu. La mandarina 'Tango' va presentar símptomes externs de danys per fred a partir dels 20 dies emmagatzemada a 1°C i 5°C. Es va realitzar un estudi micro-estructural per a caracteritzar l'alteració provocada per les baixes temperatures. Els fruits del patró Forner-Alcaide 5 van presentar una menor incidència dels danys per fred. L'emmagatzematge a 9°C no va comprometre la qualitat externa o interna d'aquesta varietat. Dins del grup de taronges, en els últims anys existeix una creixent demanda per les taronges sanguines pel seu consum en fresc. Per a avaluar l'efecte del patró sobre sanguines es van prendre dues varietats, 'Moro' i 'Tarocco Rosso' empeltades sobre huit patrons. La qualitat interna es va veure influenciada pel moment de collita, la qual cosa va ser més evident en la varietat 'Moro'. En totes dues varietats el patró va afectar els canvis en els paràmetres de qualitat estudiats. En 'Moro', es va observar una reducció en el color del suc degut a la degradació del antocians. Aquesta degradació es va relacionar amb el canvi de la temperatura experimentada durant el període de recol·lecció. 'Tarocco Rosso' és menys sensible als canvis de temperatura. En aquesta varietat els patrons Forner-Alcaide 5 i Forner-Alcaide 13 van produir la fruita amb major contingut en antocianos i sucres. A mes s'aporta l'estudi de l'aptitud a la frigoconservació en les sanguines 'Tarocco Rosso' i 'Sanguinelli'. Mentre que la qualitat interna no es va veure afectada per l'emmagatzematge a cap de les temperatures assajades (1°C, 5°C i 9°C) durant 45 dies, la fruita va presentar símptomes de danys per fred a 1°C. `Sanguinelli' va presentar major incidència que 'Tarocco Rosso'. La fruita es pot emmagatzemar entre 5°C i 9°C durant 30 dies en el cas de 'Sanguinelli' i fins a 45 en e
[EN] Citriculture faces changing environmental scenarios that cause biotic and abiotic stress. The rootstock onto which a specific variety is grafted is an important tool to help to improve its agronomic adaptability to each crop area. The present Thesis was carried out to study the effect of rootstock on physico-chemical and nutritional fruit quality in some varieties of commercial interest today: 'Clemenules' and 'Tango' mandarins, and 'Tarocco Rosso' and 'Moro' blood oranges. In 'Clemenules', the fruit of the trees grafted into eight rootstocks at three harvest times was evaluated by performing studies during two seasons. Forner-Alcaide 13 and C-35 Citrange stood out for their earlier color change, which is very interesting for this variety, in which early harvesting is a relevant aspect from the commercial point of view. Forner-Alcaide V17 stood out for maintaining optimum acidity levels until the season ended and presented the highest contents in vitamin C, flavonoids, glucose and fructose. Carrizo Citrange brought about high concentrations of sucrose and vitamin C in fruit. 'Tango' is a mandarin variety that has been recently introduced into the Mediterranean Region. Its harvest time is very interesting because it starts when that of clementines ends. The present Thesis studies changes in the physico-chemical, nutritional and sensorial quality of 'Tango' fruit grafted onto two rootstocks (Carrizo Citrange and Forner-Alcaide 5) during the harvest period in the two main production areas in Andalusia. The results revealed that fruit quality during harvest was influenced by the location, which was particularly related to soil texture composition. In both areas, Forner-Alcaide 5 was the rootstock that induced higher acidity content, and more total soluble solids, sucrose, vitamin C and citric acid in fruit. The physico-chemical determinations, along with the sensorial evaluation, allowed the optimum harvest time to be established depending on the different studied conditions. This Thesis also includes a study about this variety's postharvest behavior as no data are available for our crop conditions. The 'Tango' mandarin presented outer chilling injury symptoms after being stored for 20 days at 1°C and 5°C. A microstructural study was done to characterize the alteration caused by low temperatures. The Forner-Alcaide 5 rootstock fruit showed a lower chilling injury incidence. Storage at 9°C did not compromise quality fruit. Among oranges, demand for blood oranges to be eaten fresh has grown in recent years, basically due to their high content in anthocyanins and their positive effect for human health. To assess the effect that rootstock had on blood oranges, two varieties were taken, 'Moro' and 'Tarocco Rosso', grafted onto eight rootstocks. Internal quality was strongly influenced by harvest time, which was more evident for 'Moro'. In both varieties, rootstock affected changes in the quality parameter studied. In 'Moro', juice color faded as anthocyanins degraded, and rootstocks C-35 Citrange, Macrophylla and Volkameriana showed the most marked reduction. Such anthocyanin degradation was related to the change in temperature that took place during the harvest period. In 'Tarocco Rosso', anthocyanins did not undergo degradation, which suggests that this variety is less sensitive to changes in temperature. In this variety, rootstocks Forner-Alcaide 5 and Forner-Alcaide 13 gave fruit with a higher content of anthocyanins and sugars. This Thesis also includes a study of the suitability of cold storage of two blood orange varieties: 'Tarocco Rosso' and 'Sanguinelli'. Although storage at any tested temperature (1°C, 5°C and 9°C) did not affect internal quality for 45 days, fruit displayed chilling injury symptoms at 1°C, with a higher incidence for 'Sanguinelli' than for 'Tarocco Rosso'. Fruit can be stored between 5°C and 9°C for 30 days for 'Sanguinelli' and for up to 45 days with 'Tarocco Rosso'.
This study has been supported by Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias and co-financed by FEDER and European Social Fund. The authors thank Anecoop S. Coop. and Frutaria Agricultura, S.L for supplying the fruit herein used and its technical support.
Morales Alfaro, J. (2021). Effect of Rootstock on the Fruit Quality of Mandarins "Clemenules" and "Tango", and Blood Oranges "Tarocco Rosso" and "Moro" [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/165858
TESIS
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Breniere, Thomas. "Impact des interactions génotype-pratique sur la teneur et la séquestration des caroténoïdes dans les matrices végétales et sur les effets santé associés : Cas d'étude sur deux espèces de Solanacées : la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) et la baie de goji (Lycium barbarum)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AVIG0621.
Анотація:
Les effets-santé des fruits et légumes sont en partie dus à leur richesse en phytomicroconstituants comme les caroténoïdes. L'objectif de la thèse a été d’analyser au travers d’une approche interdisciplinaire, la relation « conditions de culture - séquestration des caroténoïdes – valeur santé des fruits ». La valeur santé des fruits a été évaluée à différents niveaux : I) la composition en microconstituants des fruits matures ; II) la bioaccessibilité des caroténoïdes dans un modèle de digestion in vitro ; III) le phénotypemétabolique sur un modèle d’obésité induite chez la souris mâle C57BL/6JRj supplémentée en poudre de fruit pendant 12 semaines ; IV) la fonction vasculaire de rats mâles Wistar hyperglycémiés et préalablement gavés en fruits présentant des capacités antioxydantes élevées. Pour ce faire, deux fruits décrits pour accumuler massivement des caroténoïdes ont été cultivés : la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum, six génotypes type « tomate d'industrie », H1311, M82, IL2-5, IL54, IL6-2 et IL12-4) et la baie de goji (Lycium barbarum, le cultivar FPW07). Les fruits ont été produits en environnement contrôlé sous serre sous deux régimes hydriques : un régime hydrique témoin « Control Irrigation » (CI) avec une restauration complète de l'évapotranspiration, et un régime hydrique stressé « Deficit Irrigation» (DI), pour lequel nous avons divisé par deux les volumes d’irrigation de l’anthèse jusqu’à la récolte par rapport au régime CI. Nous avons fait l’hypothèse que le déficit hydrique et/ou les traitements postrécolte (vapeur, séchage…) peuvent moduler la valeur santé des fruits en agissant sur leur composition en macro et microconstituants, les propriétés cellulaires des matrices et la bioaccessibilité des caroténoïdes. Les résultats de ces travaux montrent que dans un modèle de digestion in vitro, le DI diminue globalement la bioaccessibilité des caroténoïdes. In vivo, les résultats suggèrent que la consommation de tomate ou de baie de goji peut être associée à des effets-santé positifs dans un contexte métabolique et vasculaire avec des effets largement dépendants du génotype et du traitement postrécolte, mais peu du déficit hydrique. Ainsi, ces travaux suggèrent que le génotype et/ou le traitement post-récolte sont des leviers majeurs pour améliorer la valeur santé des fruits tout au long de la chaîne de productionThe health benefits of fruit and vegetables are partly due to their richness in phytochemicals such as carotenoids. The aim of this thesis was to combine several disciplines to analyze the relationship between growing conditions, carotenoid sequestration and the health value of fruit. The health value of fruit is assessed at various levels: I) the micronutrient composition of mature fruit; II) the bioaccessibility of carotenoids in an in vitro digestion model; III) the metabolic phenotype of C57BL/6JRj mice supplemented with fruit powder for 12 weeks in a model of induced obesity; IV) the vascular function of hyperglycemic Wistar rats fed with high antioxidant capacity fruits. Two types of fruit described as carotenoid rich matrix, namely six tomato genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum, 'industrial tomato' type genotypes: H1311, M82, IL2-5, IL54, IL6-2 and IL12-4) and a lycium genotype more commonly known as 'goji' (Lycium barbarum, cultivar FPW07), were grown in a controlled environment with two water regimes. A 'Control Irrigation' (CI) regime with complete restoration of evapotranspiration, and a stressed 'Deficit Irrigation' (DI) regime, in which irrigation volumes were halved from anthesis to harvest compared with the CI treatment. We hypothesized that water deficit and/or post-harvest treatments (steaming, drying, etc.) may modulate the health value of the fruits by affecting their micronutrient composition and the bioaccessibility of carotenoids. The results of this work showed that in an in vitro digestion model, DI globally decreases carotenoid bioaccessibility. In vivo, the results suggested that tomato or goji berry consumption may be associated with positive health effects in a metabolic and vascular context, with effects largely dependent on genotype and post-harvest treatment studied, but not necessarily water treatment. Thus, this work suggests that genotype and/or post-harvest treatment are major levers to improving the health value of fruit throughout the production chain
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Tabatabaei, Seyed Jalal. "Yield, quality and nutritional status of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits as affected by aerial environment and nutrition distribution in the root zone." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250733.
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Ergashev, Alisher [Verfasser]. "Analysis of fruit and vegetable supply, demand, diet quality and nutrition in Uzbekistan / Alisher Ergashev." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1150183055/34.
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Fallahi, E., and J. W. Jr Moon. "Effects of Canopy Position on Quality, Photosynthesis and Mineral Nutrition of Four Citrus Varieties." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215697.
Анотація:
Quality, leaf gas exchange and mineral content of fruit from internal be canopies were compared with those from extemal canopy positions in 4 citrus varieties: 'Kinnow' mandarin; 'Redblush' grapefruit; 'Valencia' orange; and 'Lisbon' lemon. Fruit weight, total juice per fruit, peel fresh and dry weight, and rind thickness of fruit from internal canopies of all 4 varieties were significantly higher compared with external fruit Mandarin, grapefruit, and orange fruit from external canopies had higher soluble solids and specific gravity. Leaves from internal canopy had higher photosynthesis than those of external canopy in all varieties. Fruit from internal canopies of all varieties had generally higher peel concentrations (%dry weight) of N, P and K due to a dilution effect, while the opposite condition existed in mandarin when these elements were expressed on a percent fresh weight basis. Peel Mg and S from external fruit were higher in all varieties, expressed as percentages of either dry weight or fresh weight. Nitrogen content of mandarin and orange juice and calcium content of grapefruit and lemon juice from external fruit were significantly higher, compared to those from internal canopy fruit. Eliminating fruit quality and mineral variations resulting from canopy positions is recommended by the means of cultural practices.
Книги з теми "Fruit nutritional quality":
1
Salunkhe, D. K. Storage, processing, and nutritional quality of fruits and vegetables. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.
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D, Arthey, and Ashurst P. R, eds. Fruit processing: Nutrition, products, and quality management. 2nd ed. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, 2001.
3
Zhang, Zhaofeng. Shui guo xuan gou shi yong tu jian. Xianggang: Wan li ji gou, Yin shi tian di chu ban she, 2017.
4
International Conference 'Agri-Food Quality II' (1998 Turku, Finland). Agri-food quality II: Quality management of fruits and vegetables. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999.
5
International Horticultural Congress (25th 1998 Brussels, Belgium). Proceedings of the XXV International Horticultural Congress: Brussels, Belgium, 2-7 August, 1998. Leuven, Belgium: International Society for Horticultural Science, 2000.
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Salunkhe, D. K. Storage Processing and Nutritional Quality of Fruits and Vegetables: Processed Fruits and Vegetables. 2nd ed. Crc Pr I Llc, 1990.
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Ashurst, Philip R., and David Arthey. Fruit Processing: Nutrition, Products, and Quality Management. 2nd ed. Springer, 2000.
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Hampton. Quality Food Preparation Techniques and Management of Fruits. Oryson Press, 2023.
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Hampton. Quality Food Preparation Techniques and Management of Fruits. Oryson Press, 2023.
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Tami, Mohamed. Diagnostic approaches to evaluate nutrient status, partitioning, mineral dynamics, and relationships with yield and fruit quality of 'Valencia' orange trees. 1992.
Частини книг з теми "Fruit nutritional quality":
1
Sánchez-Moreno, Concepción, Sonia De Pascual-Teresa, Bego˜na De Ancos, and M. Pilar Cano. "Nutritional Quality of Fruits." In Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing, 73–84. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118352533.ch5.
2
Diamanti, Jacopo, Maurizio Battino, and Bruno Mezzetti. "Breeding for Fruit Nutritional and Nutraceutical Quality." In Breeding for Fruit Quality, 61–79. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470959350.ch3.
3
Sinha, Nirmal K. "Apples and Pears: Production, Physicochemical and Nutritional Quality, and Major Products." In Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing, 365–83. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118352533.ch22.
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Tajidin, Nor Elliza, Munirah Mohamad, Azimah Hamidon, Hamizah Hassan, and Siti H. Ahmad. "Physiological disorders." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 214–22. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0011.
Анотація:
Abstract Guavas are highly perishable fruits where the production and postharvest quality of guava are affected by micronutrient deficiencies that can lead to physiological disorders. Environmental variables such as temperature, light, aeration and nutritional imbalances can also result in a disturbance in the plant metabolic activities and cause physiological disorders. It is crucial to understand several technical terms which identify the physiological and nutritional disorder symptoms, especially on guava fruit; for example, bronzing, chlorosis, lesion, scorching and others. This chapter discusses primary physiological disorders, including chilling injury, external and internal browning, sunscald, bronzing, fruit drop and nutrient deficiency.
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Scarano, Aurelia, and Angelo Santino. "Engineering Phytonutrient Content in Tomato by Genome Editing Technologies." In A Roadmap for Plant Genome Editing, 385–93. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46150-7_22.
Анотація:
AbstractThe application of precise genome editing represents an important step-forward in plant functional genomics research and crop improvement by generating tailored modifications within a target genome sequence. Among the genome editing technologies, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been the most largely one applied in many crop species, thanks to its high customizable specificity. Tomato is one of the most cultivated and consumed horticultural crops worldwide and an ideal model plant for studying different physiological processes (e.g., plant development, response to biotic/abiotic stresses, fruit quality) by using different approaches, such as conventional breeding, classical transgenesis and genome editing technologies. In recent years, the number of studies on the genome editing application in tomato has increasingly grown, particularly for the improvement of fruit quality and nutritional value. In this chapter, we report about the main achievements provided by such technologies for engineering the content of nutritionally relevant compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, and other important phytonutrients in tomato fruit.
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How, R. Brian. "Nutritional Quality and Nutrition Marketing." In Marketing Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, 204–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2031-3_13.
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Bohra, Pooja, and Ajit Arun Waman. "Blood Fruit (Haematocarpus validus (Miers) Bakh. f. ex Forman): A Potential Genetic Resource from Andaman and Nicobar Islands for Livelihood and Nutritional Security." In Melon Breeding and Genetics: Developments in Food Quality & Safety, 139–45. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1415.ch010.
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Sánchez-Moreno, Concepción, Begoña De Ancos, Lucía Plaza, Pedro Elez-Martínez, and M. Pilar Cano. "Effects of High-Pressure Processing and Pulsed Electric Fields on Nutritional Quality and Health-Related Compounds of Fruit and Vegetable Products." In Nonthermal Processing Technologies for Food, 502–36. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958360.ch33.
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Àlvarez-Fernàndez, Ana, Javier Abadía, and Anunciación Abadía. "Iron Deficiency, Fruit Yield and Fruit Quality." In Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Microorganisms, 85–101. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4743-6_4.
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Mohamed, Samira A., Fathiya M. Khamis, and Chrysantus M. Tanga. "Fruit Fly Nutrition, Rearing and Quality Control." In Fruit Fly Research and Development in Africa - Towards a Sustainable Management Strategy to Improve Horticulture, 207–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43226-7_10.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Fruit nutritional quality":
1
Jevremović, Stefan, Jasminka Milivojević, elena S. Katanić Stanković, and Jelena Popović-Đorđević. "Bioaccumulation potential of ‘Meeker’ and ‘Willamette’ raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits towards macro- and microelements and their nutritional evaluation." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.152j.
Анотація:
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is the most important type of berry fruit in the Republic of Serbia. The bioaccumulation factor (BF) for the elements detected in the fruits of the raspberry cultivars ‘Willamette’ and ‘Meeker’ was calculated to determine their bioaccumulation potential. In addition, the nutritional quality of fruits in relation to nutritionally essential elements was evaluated and compared with the recommended daily intake. For determining the concentrations of 19 macro- and microelements in fruits and the soil, the analytical technique of optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma was used. Among the analyzed elements, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Li and Mo were below the limit of detection in the fruits of both raspberry cultivars, whereas Na and Ni were detected only in fruits of the ‘Meeker’ cultivar. All analyzed elements were detected in the soil. The results of the work indicated the high potential of the studied cultivars to accumulate nutritional elements K and Ca. In both raspberry cultivars, there were no substantial differences in the bioaccumulation of most elements. However, two elements (B and Mn) can be singled out; the BF for B in the ‘Willamette’ fruit was 3 times lower compared to the BF in the ‘Meeker’ fruit, whereas the BF value for Mn in the ‘Willamette’ fruit was almost 8 times higher compared to the BF value for the ‘Meeker’ fruit. Furthermore, the cultivars did not tend to accumulate potentially toxic elements such as Ba, Co, Cu and Ni. The nutritional evaluation revealed that the studied raspberry fruits are a good source of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu. Based on the BF values, differences observed in the accumulation of B, Ba, Na, Ni and Mn may be attributed to the characteristics of the cultivars.
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Tomić, Jelena, Boris Rilak, Marijana Pešaković, Žaklina Karaklajić Stajić, and Svetlana M. Paunović. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF STRAWBERRY CULTIVAR ‘SENGA SENGANA’ GROWN IN THE OPEN FIELD AND PLASTIC-GREENHOUSE." In 1st International Symposium on Biotechnology. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt28.157t.
Анотація:
To identify and compare the differences in productivity and fruit quality of strawberry cultivar ‘Senga Sengana’ grown in open field and protected area fruits were harvested in 2021 in the region of Western Serbia. The yield, physical (fruit weight, dimensions, firmness), chemical (total soluble solids (TSS), total (TS) and invert sugars (IS), sucrose (SUC), titrable acids (TA), pH, sweetness index (TS/TA)) and nutritive traits (vitamin C, total phenols, total anthocyanins and antioxidative activity) of the fruits were analyzed. Significantly higher yield per area unit, fruit weight and length, TSS, sugars, organic acids, sweetness index and nutritive qulity were recorded in the fruits from protected area. Growing strawberries in a protected area, in addition to ensuring a safe yield, also has a positive effect on both the sensory and nutritional composition of the fruit.
3
Mello-Júnior, Ronaldo Elias de, Nathane Silva Resende, Jefferson Luiz Gomes Corrêa, Leila Aparecida Salles Pio, and Elisângela Elena Nunes Carvalho. "The influence of ethanol on the convective drying and on the nutritional quality of dekopon slices." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7772.
Анотація:
Dekopon or Hallabong (Citrus reticulate “Shiranui”) is a hybrid fruit that belongs to the citrus fruits. The scientific and commercial interests in dekopon is due to its nutritional composition. The objective of the study was to verify the influence of ethanol as a pretreatment in reducing drying time as well as maintaining nutritional quality (vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity) of dekopon slices. The drying with ethanol at 70 °C promoted the greatest reduction in drying time, but the processed pretreated samples at 50 °C presented the highest level of nutritional quality parameters. Keywords: drying time; vitamin C; phenolic compounds; antioxidant activity
4
Smanaliyeva, Zh N., Zh Iskakova, Zh Osckonbayeva, В. К. Dzhurupova, F. Vyhern, and D. Darr. "The nutritional value of wild fruits and berries of Kirguizstan nut and fruit forests." In SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. VNIIPP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30975/978-5-9909889-2-7-2019-1-1-231-236.
5
Kurćubić, Vladimir, Slaviša Stajić, Nemanja Miletić, and Marko Petković. "INSIGHTFUL APPLICATION OF HERBAL EXTRACTS IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ANIMAL DISEASES AND IMPROVEMENT OF MEAT QUALITY AND SAFETY." In 1st International Symposium on Biotechnology. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt28.181k.
Анотація:
In an indirect way, through animal nutrition or selection, we can influence the composition and quality of muscle and fat tissue, and thus the nutritional and functional value of meat. The process is longer and is not fully controlled yet. Direct processes improve nutritional properties by adding components with functional properties and/or reducing or removing ingredients that may negatively affect health. Herbal raw materials and extracts, by-products and wastes from fruit and vegetable processing can modify feed in order to achieve a stable health status and preserve animal well-being and sensory quality of meat, with an extended shelf life.
6
Bahloul, Neila, M. A. Balti, M. S. Guellouze, and Nabil Kechaou. "Coupling of microwave radiations to convective drying for improving fruit quality." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7794.
Анотація:
The present study aims to find the best drying method to minimize the duration of the operation while respecting the nutritional value of the product. Experiments of convective drying and microwave radiation were respectively carried out with a convective dryer (heat temperature: 65 °C and air velocity: 1.3 m/s) and a microwave oven (power level: 100 W and frequency: 2450 MHz). Six coupling tests between the convective drying and microwave radiation were conducted. The only variable condition is the time output of tomatoes from the convective dryer or the microwave oven corresponding to an intermediate mass ratio (IMR) 0.5, 0.4 and 0.3. The microwave drying removes the bound water faster than convective drying. This explains the observed time savings due to convection-microwave and microwave-convection combined drying. The combination of convection drying and microwave drying to an IMR 0.5 preserved better the red color and the antioxidants of the tomato. Thus, the convection–microwave combined drying (IMR 0.5) proved most suitable for preserving the quality of tomatoes. Keywords: convective drying; microwave; coupled drying; color.
7
Balasubramaniam, V. M. (Bala). "Non-Thermal Preservation of Fruit Juices." In ASME 2008 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2008-5404.
Анотація:
Consumers demand healthier fresh tasting foods without chemical preservatives. To address the need, food industry is exploring alternative preservation methods such as high pressure processing (HPP) and pulsed electric field processing. During HPP, the food material is subjected to elevated pressures (up to 900 MPa) with or without the addition of heat to achieve microbial inactivation with minimal damage to the food. One of the unique advantages of the technology is the ability to increase the temperature of the food samples instantaneously; this is attributed to the heat of compression, resulting from the rapid pressurization of the sample. Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing uses short bursts of electricity for microbial inactivation and causes minimal or no detrimental effect on food quality attributes. The process involves treating foods placed between electrodes by high voltage pulses in the order of 20–80 kV (usually for a couple of microseconds). PEF processing offers high quality fresh-like liquid foods with excellent flavor, nutritional value, and shelf life. Pressure in combination with other antimicrobial agents, including CO2, has been investigated for juice processing. Both HPP and PEF are quite effective in inactivating harmful pathogens and vegetative bacteria at ambient temperatures. Both HPP and PEF do not present any unique issues for food processors concerning regulatory matters or labeling. The requirements are similar to traditional thermal pasteurization such as development of a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan for juices and beverages. Examples of high pressure, pasteurized, value added products commercially available in the United States include smoothies, fruit juices, guacamole, ready meal components, oysters, ham, poultry products, and salsa. PEF technology is not yet widely utilized for commercial processing of food products in the United States. The presentation will provide a brief overview of HPP and PEF technology fundamentals, equipment choices for food processors, process economics, and commercialization status in the food industry, with emphasis on juice processing. Paper published with permission.
8
Khanzode, Anand U., and Sachin R. Karale. "Overview of Solar Air Drying Systems in India and His Vision of Future Developments." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99116.
Анотація:
Solar Air Drying is one of the oldest method of food preservation. For several thousand years people have been preserving grapes, herbs, Potato’s, corn, milk, fruits, vegetables, spices, meat and fish by drying. Until canning was developed at the end of the 18th century, drying was virtually the only method of food preservation. It is still the most widely used method. Solar Drying is an excellent way to preserve food and solar food dryers are an appropriate food preservation technology for a sustainable world. This technology makes it possible to dehydrate and preserve food professionally without compromising on quality, color, texture, enzymes, vitamins, taste and nutritional values of foods in the process. Food scientists have found that by reducing the moisture content of food to between 10 and 20%, bacteria, yeast, mold and enzymes are all prevented from spoiling it. India is blessed with an abundance of sunlight, water and biomass. Vigorous efforts during the past two decades are now bearing fruit as people in all walks of life are more aware of the benefits of renewable energy, especially solar energy in villages and in urban or semi-urban centers of India. Industries that can benefit from application of solar energy to heat air are Food, Textiles, Dairies, Pharma and Chemical. This paper reviews the present scenario of Solar Air Dryer and strategies for future developments in India.
9
Giorges, Aklilu T. G., and John A. Pierson. "The Cooling Process of Agricultural Products After Boxing and Palletizing." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87788.
Анотація:
Assuring that food products have acceptable quality and are safe to consume requires maintaining adequate nutrition levels and fulfilling consumer expectations. Quality losses can lead to food waste, resulting in increased economic costs and low consumer confidence. Therefore, quality expectations should be maintained at an acceptable level for consumer purchase and consumption. It is well known that a cold environment reduces the respiratory activities and kinematics of nutritional degradation. The cooling temperature is critical since lower than recommended cold temperatures may cause chill damage. Therefore, the food industry intensively employs cold storage methods to slow respiration rates, inhibit harmful bacterial growth, reduce water loss, and prolong shelf life in order to maintain product nutritional value and quality. Improving product cooling efficiency will reduce energy costs that are a significant expense for fruit and vegetable processors. Understanding the cooling process is key to the development of new technology and processes. However, most natural food products are not conformed to simple geometric shapes or uniform properties and distributions. Thus, the cooling process of an agricultural product (cucumbers) was investigated in this study. The study was conducted in a packing house, where the cooling temperature of the cucumbers was recorded by placing multiple thermocouples in the produce after boxing and palletizing as well as cold storage. The test results showed that individual produce cooling was relatively easy to predict. However, boxed and palletized cucumber cooling showed significant variations. For example, the temperature of the cucumbers changed depending on their location in the box in addition to the box location on the stack. In the case of boxed produce cooled by natural convection cooling, the temperature changed from 25 to 18 °C after three hours. However, in the case of palletized tunnel cooled, the temperature change ranged from 25 to 11 °C and 25 to 18 °C after nearly three hours of cooling. Indeed, the temperature differences indicated that the cooling rate has significant variations depending on the location of the produce. Some parts of the pallet received more direct contact with the forced cold air than other parts. Thus, it is very important for produce processors to understand cooling system performance. The study emphasized that efficient use of energy is one of the areas that can have not only significant cost savings but can also improve produce shelf life, reduce food waste, and maintain consumer confidence.
10
Urizar, Anibal. "Palm oil basic steps to process this oil." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/dglu5386.
Анотація:
Palm oil is the edible oil that is most produced worldwide, being led by Indonesia and followed by Malaysia.Crude palm oil is rich in minority components that give it unique nutritional properties, the most important are tocopherols, tocotrienols and carotenoids; it typically has a low content of phospholipids and metals, but a high content of free fatty acids, in a range between 3 and 6%, having values close to 8% in rainy seasons, when the fruits overripe, increasing this value. Although palm oil typically has low metal content, it is important to pay attention to the Fe and Cu content.The deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) is a good indicator to assess the quality of crude palm oil and will give us an idea of how easy or difficult it will be to refine it.Other important aspects regarding the quality of crude palm oil that also must be considered and affect the refining process are mistreatment while handling the fruit, storage, transportation, etc.Palm oil is generally refined by the physical process, which is preferred over the chemical process.Physical refining is a process in which phospholipids and metals (Fe and Cu) are attacked in two ways: the first, the most popular, is dry pretreatment with acid followed by bleaching step using neutral or acid bleaching earths; the second way is the wet pretreatment adding the acid and separating the chelates by centrifugation with wash water.The subsequent process is deodorization or physical refining in which the fatty acids and color compounds are separated from the oil, under controlled temperature and vacuum conditions.This presentation wants to show you how these processes are carried out with industrial data and how this oil goes from crude grade to food grade, complying with the necessary quality standards.
Звіти організацій з теми "Fruit nutritional quality":
1
Katzir, Nurit, James Giovannoni, and Joseph Burger. Genomic approach to the improvement of fruit quality in melon (Cucumis melo) and related cucurbit crops. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587224.bard.
Анотація:
Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic traits that affect taste, aroma, texture, pigmentation, nutritional value and duration of shelf-life. The molecular basis of many of these important traits is poorly understood and it’s understanding offers an excellent opportunity for adding value to agricultural products. Improvement of melon fruit quality was the primary goal of the project. The original objectives of the project were: The isolation of a minimum of 1000 fruit specific ESTs. The development of a microarray of melon fruit ESTs. The analysis of gene expression in melon using melon and tomato fruit enriched microarrays. A comprehensive study of fruit gene expression of the major cucurbit crops. In our current project we have focused on the development of genomics tools for the enhancement of melon research with an emphasis on fruit, specifically the first public melon EST collection. We have also developed a database to relay this information to the research community and developed a publicly available microarray. The release of this information was one of the catalysts for the establishment of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative (ICuGI, Barcelona, Spain, July 2005) aimed at collecting and generating up to 100,000 melon EST sequences in 2006, leveraging a significant expansion of melon genomic resources. A total of 1000 ESTs were promised under the original proposal (Objective 1). Non-subtracted mature fruit and young fruit flesh of a climacteric variety in addition to a non-climacteric variety resulted in the majority of additional EST sequences for a total of 4800 attempted reads. 3731 high quality sequences from independent ESTs were assembled, representing 2,467 melon unigenes (1,873 singletons, 594 contigs). In comparison, as of June 2004, a total of 170 melon mRNA sequences had been deposited in GENBANK. The current project has thus resulted in nearly five- fold the number of ESTs promised and ca. 15-fold increase in the depth of publicly available melon gene sequences. All of these sequences have been deposited in GENBANK and are also available and searchable via multiple approaches in the public database (http://melon.bti.cornell.edu). Our database was selected as the central location for presentation of public melon EST data of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative. With the available unigenes we recently constructed a microarray, which was successfully applied in hybridizations (planned public release by August 2006). Current gene expression analyses focus on fruit development and on comparative studies between climacteric and non-climacteric melons. Earlier, expression profiling was conducted using macroarrays developed at the preliminary stage of the project. This analysis replaced the study of tomato microarray following the recommendations of the reviewers and the panel of the original project. Comparative study between melon and other cucurbit crops have begun, mainly with watermelon, in collaboration with Dr. Amnon Levi (USDA-ARS). In conclusion, all four objectives have been addressed and achieved. In the continuation project that have been approved we plan to apply the genomic tools developed here to achieve detailed functional analyses of genes associated with major metabolic pathway.
2
Aharoni, Asaph, Zhangjun Fei, Efraim Lewinsohn, Arthur Schaffer, and Yaakov Tadmor. System Approach to Understanding the Metabolic Diversity in Melon. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593400.bard.
Анотація:
Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic factors that affect taste, aroma, color, texture, nutritional value and shelf life. To unravel the genetic components involved in the metabolic pathways behind these traits, the major goal of the project was to identify novel genes that are involved in, or that regulate, these pathways using correlation analysis between genotype, metabolite and gene expression data. The original and specific research objectives were: (1) Collection of replicated fruit from a population of 96 RI lines derived from parents distinguished by great diversity in fruit development and quality phenotypes, (2) Phenotypic and metabolic profiling of mature fruit from all 96 RI lines and their parents, (3) 454 pyrosequencing of cDNA representing mRNA of mature fruit from each line to facilitate gene expression analysis based on relative EST abundance, (4) Development of a database modeled after an existing database developed for tomato introgression lines (ILs) to facilitate online data analysis by members of this project and by researchers around the world. The main functions of the database will be to store and present metabolite and gene expression data so that correlations can be drawn between variation in target traits or metabolites across the RI population members and variation in gene expression to identify candidate genes which may impact phenotypic and chemical traits of interest, (5) Selection of RI lines for segregation and/or hybridization (crosses) analysis to ascertain whether or not genes associated with traits through gene expression/metabolite correlation analysis are indeed contributors to said traits. The overall research strategy was to utilize an available recombinant inbred population of melon (Cucumis melo L.) derived from phenotypically diverse parents and for which over 800 molecular markers have been mapped for the association of metabolic trait and gene expression QTLs. Transcriptomic data were obtained by high throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform instead of the originally planned 454 platform. The change was due to the fast advancement and proven advantages of the Illumina platform, as explained in the first annual scientific report. Metabolic data were collected using both targeted (sugars, organic acids, carotenoids) and non-targeted metabolomics analysis methodologies. Genes whose expression patterns were associated with variation of particular metabolites or fruit quality traits represent candidates for the molecular mechanisms that underlie them. Candidate genes that may encode enzymes catalyzingbiosynthetic steps in the production of volatile compounds of interest, downstream catabolic processes of aromatic amino acids and regulatory genes were selected and are in the process of functional analyses. Several of these are genes represent unanticipated effectors of compound accumulation that could not be identified using traditional approaches. According to the original plan, the Cucurbit Genomics Network (http://www.icugi.org/), developed through an earlier BARD project (IS-3333-02), was expanded to serve as a public portal for the extensive metabolomics and transcriptomic data resulting from the current project. Importantly, this database was also expanded to include genomic and metabolomic resources of all the cucurbit crops, including genomes of cucumber and watermelon, EST collections, genetic maps, metabolite data and additional information. In addition, the database provides tools enabling researchers to identify genes, the expression patterns of which correlate with traits of interest. The project has significantly expanded the existing EST resource for melon and provides new molecular tools for marker-assisted selection. This information will be opened to the public by the end of 2013, upon the first publication describing the transcriptomic and metabolomics resources developed through the project. In addition, well-characterized RI lines are available to enable targeted breeding for genes of interest. Segregation of the RI lines for specific metabolites of interest has been shown, demonstrating the utility in these lines and our new molecular and metabolic data as a basis for selection targeting specific flavor, quality, nutritional and/or defensive compounds. To summarize, all the specific goals of the project have been achieved and in many cases exceeded. Large scale trascriptomic and metabolomic resources have been developed for melon and will soon become available to the community. The usefulness of these has been validated. A number of novel genes involved in fruit ripening have been selected and are currently being functionally analyzed. We thus fully addressed our obligations to the project. In our view, however, the potential value of the project outcomes as ultimately manifested may be far greater than originally anticipated. The resources developed and expanded under this project, and the tools created for using them will enable us, and others, to continue to employ resulting data and discoveries in future studies with benefits both in basic and applied agricultural - scientific research.
3
Poverenov, Elena, Tara McHugh, and Victor Rodov. Waste to Worth: Active antimicrobial and health-beneficial food coating from byproducts of mushroom industry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600015.bard.
Анотація:
Background. In this proposal we suggest developing a common solution for three seemingly unrelated acute problems: (1) improving sustainability of fast-growing mushroom industry producing worldwide millions of tons of underutilized leftovers; (2) alleviating the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency adversely affecting the public health in both countries and in other regions; (3) reducing spoilage of perishable fruit and vegetable products leading to food wastage. Based on our previous experience we propose utilizing appropriately processed mushroom byproducts as a source of two valuable bioactive materials: antimicrobial and wholesome polysaccharide chitosan and health-strengthening nutrient ergocalciferol⁽ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2⁾. ᴬᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᵇᵉⁿᵉᶠⁱᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵐᵃᵗᵉʳⁱᵃˡˢ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᵒʳⁱᵍⁱⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ⁿᵒⁿ⁻ᵃⁿⁱᵐᵃˡ ᶠᵒᵒᵈ⁻ᵍʳᵃᵈᵉ source. We proposed using chitosan and vitamin D as ingredients in active edible coatings on two model foods: highly perishable fresh-cut melon and less perishable health bars. Objectives and work program. The general aim of the project is improving storability, safety and health value of foods by developing and applying a novel active edible coating based on utilization of mushroom industry leftovers. The work plan includes the following tasks: (a) optimizing the UV-B treatment of mushroom leftover stalks to enrich them with vitamin D without compromising chitosan quality - Done; (b) developing effective extraction procedures to yield chitosan and vitamin D from the stalks - Done; (c) utilizing LbL approach to prepare fungal chitosan-based edible coatings with optimal properties - Done; (d) enrichment of the coating matrix with fungal vitamin D utilizing molecular encapsulation and nano-encapsulation approaches - Done, it was found that no encapsulation methods are needed to enrich chitosan matrix with vitamin D; (e) testing the performance of the coating for controlling spoilage of fresh cut melons - Done; (f) testing the performance of the coating for nutritional enhancement and quality preservation of heath bars - Done. Achievements. In this study numerous results were achieved. Mushroom waste, leftover stalks, was treated ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵁⱽ⁻ᴮ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃ ᵛᵉʳʸ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵃᶜᶜᵘᵐᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2, ᶠᵃʳ ᵉˣᶜᵉᵉᵈⁱⁿᵍ any other dietary vitamin D source. The straightforward vitamin D extraction procedure and ᵃ ˢⁱᵐᵖˡⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵃˡʸᵗⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ⁻ᵉᶠᶠⁱᶜⁱᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᵉᵗᵉʳᵐⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2 ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗ suitable for routine product quality control were developed. Concerning the fungal chitosan extraction, new freeze-thawing protocol was developed, tested on three different mushroom sources and compared to the classic protocol. The new protocol resulted in up to 2-fold increase in the obtained chitosan yield, up to 3-fold increase in its deacetylation degree, high whitening index and good antimicrobial activity. The fungal chitosan films enriched with Vitamin D were prepared and compared to the films based on animal origin chitosan demonstrating similar density, porosity and water vapor permeability. Layer-by-layer chitosan-alginate electrostatic deposition was used to coat fruit bars. The coatings helped to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of fruit bars, delaying degradation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity loss as well as reducing bar softening. Microbiological analyses also showed a delay in yeast and fungal growth when compared with single layer coatings of fungal or animal chitosan or alginate. Edible coatings were also applied on fresh-cut melons and provided significant improvement of physiological quality (firmness, weight ˡᵒˢˢ⁾, ᵐⁱᶜʳᵒᵇⁱᵃˡ ˢᵃᶠᵉᵗʸ ⁽ᵇᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᵃ, ᵐᵒˡᵈ, ʸᵉᵃˢᵗ⁾, ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ʳᵉˢᵖⁱʳᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽Cᴼ2, ᴼ²⁾ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᵈ not cause off-flavor (EtOH). It was also found that the performance of edible coating from fungal stalk leftovers does not concede to the chitosan coatings sourced from animal or good quality mushrooms. Implications. The proposal helped attaining triple benefit: valorization of mushroom industry byproducts; improving public health by fortification of food products with vitamin D from natural non-animal source; and reducing food wastage by using shelf- life-extending antimicrobial edible coatings. New observations with scientific impact were found. The program resulted in 5 research papers. Several effective and straightforward procedures that can be adopted by mushroom growers and food industries were developed. BARD Report - Project 4784
4
Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer, and Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense: The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.
Анотація:
The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.
5
Sherman, Amir, Rebecca Grumet, Ron Ophir, Nurit Katzir, and Yiqun Weng. Whole genome approach for genetic analysis in cucumber: Fruit size as a test case. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594399.bard.
Анотація:
The Cucurbitaceae family includes a broad array of economically and nutritionally important crop species that are consumed as vegetables, staple starches and desserts. Fruit of these species, and types within species, exhibit extensive diversity as evidenced by variation in size, shape, color, flavor, and others. Fruit size and shape are critical quality determinants that delineate uses and market classes and are key traits under selection in breeding programs. However, the underlying genetic bases for variation in fruit size remain to be determined. A few species the Cucurbitaceae family were sequenced during the time of this project (cucumber was already sequenced when the project started watermelon and melon sequence became available during the project) but functional genomic tools are still missing. This research program had three major goals: 1. Develop whole genome cucumber and melon SNP arrays. 2. Develop and characterize cucumber populations segregating for fruit size. 3. Combine genomic tools, segregating populations, and phenotypic characterization to identify loci associated with fruit size. As suggested by the reviewers the work concentrated mostly in cucumber and not both in cucumber and melon. In order to develop a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array for cucumber, available and newly generated sequence from two cucumber cultivars with extreme differences in shape and size, pickling GY14 and Chinese long 9930, were analyzed for variation (SNPs). A large set of high quality SNPs was discovered between the two parents of the RILs population (GY14 and 9930) and used to design a custom SNP array with 35000 SNPs using Agilent technology. The array was validated using 9930, Gy14 and F1 progeny of the two parents. Several mapping populations were developed for linkage mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fruit size These includes 145 F3 families and 150 recombinant inbred line (RILs F7 or F8 (Gy14 X 9930) and third population contained 450 F2 plants from a cross between Gy14 and a wild plant from India. The main population that was used in this study is the RILs population of Gy14 X 9930. Phenotypic and morphological analyses of 9930, Gy14, and their segregating F2 and RIL progeny indicated that several, likely independent, factors influence cucumber fruit size and shape, including factors that act both pre-anthesis and post-pollination. These include: amount, rate, duration, and plane of cell division pre- and post-anthesis and orientation of cell expansion. Analysis of F2 and RIL progeny indicated that factors influencing fruit length were largely determined pre-anthesis, while fruit diameter was more strongly influenced by environment and growth factors post-anthesis. These results suggest involvement of multiple genetically segregating factors expected to map independently onto the cucumber genome. Using the SNP array and the phenotypic data two major QTLs for fruit size of cucumber were mapped in very high accuracy (around 300 Kb) with large set of markers that should facilitate identification and cloning of major genes that contribute to fruit size in cucumber. In addition, a highly accurate haplotype map of all RILS was created to allow fine mapping of other traits segregating in this population. A detailed cucumber genetic map with 6000 markers was also established (currently the most detailed genetic map of cucumber). The integration of genetics physiology and genomic approaches in this project yielded new major infrastructure tools that can be used for understanding fruit size and many other traits of importance in cucumber. The SNP array and genetic population with an ultra-fine map can be used for future breeding efforts, high resolution mapping and cloning of traits of interest that segregate in this population. The genetic map that was developed can be used for other breeding efforts in other populations. The study of fruit development that was done during this project will be important in dissecting function of genes that that contribute to the fruit size QTLs. The SNP array can be used as tool for mapping different traits in cucumber. The development of the tools and knowledge will thus promote genetic improvement of cucumber and related cucurbits.
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Caulfield, Laura E., Wendy L. Bennett, Susan M. Gross, Kristen M. Hurley, S. Michelle Ogunwole, Maya Venkataramani, Jennifer L. Lerman, Allen Zhang, Ritu Sharma, and Eric B. Bass. Maternal and Child Outcomes Associated With the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer253.
Анотація:
Objectives. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) aims to safeguard the health of low-income, nutritionally at-risk pregnant and postpartum women and children less than 5 years old. This systematic review evaluates whether participation in WIC is associated with nutrition and health outcomes for women, infants, and children, and whether the associations vary by duration of participation or across subgroups. Because of major revisions to the WIC food package in 2009, we prioritized studies published since 2009 and included studies comparing outcomes before and after the 2009 food package change. Data sources. Using electronic publication databases, we conducted a literature search from January 2009 to September 2021 and a targeted search for selected outcomes from January 2000 to September 2021. Review methods. Paired team members independently screened search results, serially abstracted data, assessed risk of bias, and graded strength of evidence (SOE) using standard methods for observational studies. Results. We included 82 quantitative observational studies and 16 qualitative studies, with 49 studies comparing outcomes of WIC participants with WIC-eligible non-participants. WIC prenatal participation was associated with lower risk of three outcomes: preterm delivery (moderate SOE), low birth weight (moderate SOE), and infant mortality (moderate SOE). Prenatal WIC participation was associated with better maternal diet quality (low SOE), lower risk of inadequate gestational weight gain (low SOE), lower alcohol use in pregnancy (low SOE), and no difference in smoking (low SOE). Maternal WIC participation was associated with increased child preventive care and immunizations (each low SOE), and higher cognitive scores for children (low SOE). Child WIC participation was associated with better diet quality (moderate SOE), and greater intakes of 100 percent fruit juice, whole grain cereals, and age-appropriate milk (moderate SOE). Household WIC participation was associated with greater purchasing of healthy food groups (moderate SOE). Maternal WIC participation was not associated with breastfeeding initiation (moderate SOE). The evidence was insufficient for other outcomes related to maternal health and child growth. The evidence generally was insufficient on how WIC participation affects outcomes across subgroups. Conclusions. Maternal WIC participation was associated with improved birth outcomes, lower infant mortality, and better child cognitive development. WIC participation was associated with purchasing healthier foods and with improved diets for pregnant women and children. More research is needed on maternal health outcomes; food security; child growth, development, and academic achievement; and effectiveness of WIC in all segments of the eligible population.