Дисертації з теми "Fruit assessment"
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Abdullah, Nurhayati. "An assessment of pyrolysis for processing empty fruit bunches." Thesis, Aston University, 2005. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9666/.
Повний текст джерелаOni, Peter I. "Parkia biglobosa (Jasq.) benth. in Nigeria : a resource assessment." Thesis, Bangor University, 1997. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/parkia-biglobosa-jasq-benth-in-nigeria--a-resource-assessment(4cf52e79-3d7e-46e1-99e6-e04eb1ed2dfc).html.
Повний текст джерелаBagnulo, John David. "Antioxidant Assessment in Western Maine Elderly Women Following 30 Days of Wild Blueberry Consumption." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BagnuloJD2003.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVinyes, i. Guix Elisabet. "Environmental assessment of Catalan fruit production focused on carbon and water footprint." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393899.
Повний текст джерелаDurante la última década, el sector agrícola ha pasado de las prácticas tradicionales a métodos más intensivos con el fin de aumentar su productividad, como respuesta a la creciente demanda de una población creciente. En consecuencia la producción de alimentos ha generado una importante contribución al agotamiento de los recursos naturales y el cambio climático. Para desarrollar una gestión ambiental adecuada es esencial para las industrias conocer los principales indicadores ambientales de sus productos y procesos: emisiones, consumo de energía y agua, generación de residuos, eficiencia, etc. Conocer esta información puede ayudar a los productores a mejorar la gestión de sus sistemas productivos, dar un valor ambiental añadido a sus productos, y también proporcionar más información a los consumidores. Teniendo en cuenta que la manzana y melocotón son dos frutas significativas en los países mediterráneos, y la mayoría de las publicaciones sobre los impactos ambientales de la produccion de fruta se basan en un año productivo único, este estudio pretende realizar un análisis ambiental de la producción de manzana y melocotón utilizando la metodología del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV), con el fin de proporcionar nueva información ambiental sobre la fruta, y también introducir un análisis de la perspectiva plurianual para identificar la variabilidad de los impactos ambientales relacionados con el rendimiento anual de las plantaciones, las condiciones geográficas y climáticas. Los resultados se expresarán en términos de huella de carbono y de agua, con el fin de comparar estos conceptos desde un punto de vista metodológico, y que para que la información pueda servir para informar sector de la fruta y de los consumidores. La huella de carbono cuantifica las emisiones de CO2 equivalentes relacionadas con el ciclo de vida de un producto o servicio en términos de calentamiento global. La huella hídrica cuantifica el agua que se consume para desarrollar un producto de un bien o un servicio. Este estudio sigue un marco interdisciplinario, teniendo en cuenta las siguientes etapas en el proceso de producción de la fruta: fase agrícola, distribución, consumo, residuos, así como el sistema relacionado con los materiales y sustancias relacionados con la producción de fruta. Los sistemas estudiados son huertos de manzano y melocotón situados en Cataluña. Los datos utilizados han sido recogidos directamente de un huerto de la Unidad de Horticultura Ambiental en el Instituto de Investigación para la Agricultura y la Alimentación y Tecnología (IRTA), ubicado en la provincia de Lleida en el noreste de España, el estudio abarca entre 9-15 años de producción real. Esta tesis contribuye a detectar los puntos críticos del impacto ambiental relacionados con la producción de fruta con una perspectiva de ACV, así como evaluar las ventajas y debilidades de las metodologías existentes para calcular la huella de carbono y huella de agua, además de desarrollar nuevos aspectos metodológicos y la generación de nuevos datos sobre el tema para los productores de frutas y otros actores involucrados en ciclo de producción de fruta. Aunque el estudio demuestra que el ACV es una herramienta útil para estimar el impacto asociado a un producto o proceso y para el cálculo de los indicadores huella de carbono i huella hídrica, existen todavía algunas cuestiones por resolver en cuanto a la calidad de las bases de datos de impacto ambiental y los datos disponibles, porque a veces, es necesario trabajar con datos genéricos.
During the last decade, the agricultural sector has changed from traditional practices to more intensive methods in order to increase their productivity, as a response to the growing demand of an increasing population. Consequently food production has become an important contribution to the depletion of natural resources and climate change. To develop a proper environmental management it is essential for industries to know the main environmental indicators of their products and production processes: emissions, energy and water consumption, waste generation, efficiency, etc. It also can help producers to improve their production system management, give an added environmental value to their product, and provide more information to consumers. Considering that apple and peach are two significant fruits in the Mediterranean countries, and most publications on environmental impacts of fruit productions are based on one single productive year, this study attempts to perform an environmental analysis of apple and peach production using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, in order to provide new environmental information of fruit, and also introduce a multiyear perspective analysis to identify the variability of the environmental impacts related to annual orchard yield, geographic and climatic conditions. The results will be expressed in terms of Carbon footprint (CF) and Water Footprint (WF) terms, In order to compare these concepts from a methodological point of view, and how those can be introduced to inform fruit sector and the consumers. The CF measures the emissions of CO2eq related with the life cycle of a product or services in terms of Global warming. WF measures the water consumed to develop a product a good or a service in terms of litres. This study follows an interdisciplinary framework, considering the following stages in the process of fruit production: agricultural stages, retail, consumption ad disposal, as well as the back-ground system related with materials and substances production. The systems studied are apple and peach orchards located in Catalonia. Data used have been collected directly from an orchard of the Environmental Horticulture Unit at the Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA) located in the North East of Spain, and covers between 9-15 years of real production. This dissertation contributes to detect the hot spots of the environmental impact related to fruit production with a perspective of LCA, as well as evaluate the advantages and weakness the existing methodologies to calculate the Carbon and water Footprints, besides developing methodological aspects and generating new data on the topic and fruit producers and all the actors involved in fruit production. Although the study demonstrates that LCA is a useful tool for estimating the impact associated with a product or process and calculate the CF and WF indicators, there are still some issues to be resolved regarding to the quality of environmental impact databases and data available because sometimes, it is needed to work with generic data, and it can generate variability in the results.
Landers, Emilee Kathleen. "Rapid Compositional Assessment of Tomato Fruit by Using Portable Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417539506.
Повний текст джерелаPaschal, Ryan Tyler. "An Assessment of Fruit Offerings for 7Th and 8Th Grade Students in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149649/.
Повний текст джерелаAdamson, Nancy Lee. "An Assessment of Non-Apis Bees as Fruit and Vegetable Crop Pollinators in Southwest Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26313.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
O'Neill, Maura. "Factors affecting carotenoid absorption and a comparative assessment of carotenoid intake in five European countries." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267824.
Повний текст джерелаRamniceanu, Radu. "An Empirical Assessment of the Effects of SPS Regulations on U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Exports." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76926.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Eriksen, Harley. "The Feasibility And Validity Of Novel Dietary Assessment Methods In A Pre-School Setting." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/642.
Повний текст джерелаAlimbetov, Dauren Sembekovich. "The effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on endothelial function and assessment of biomarkers for monitoring intake." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553136.
Повний текст джерелаDuvenhage, Andries J. "An assessment of the potential of irradiation as a postharvest control treatment against the banded fruit weevil, Phlyctinus callosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): effects on adult weevils and host fruit (‘Flavor Fall’ pluots)." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85709.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The export of South African fruit to some of its biggest international markets may be rejected if the phytosanitary pest, Phlyctinus callosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is found in fruit consignments. An alternative to methyl bromide fumigation is needed and one of the most promising of the alternative treatments is phytosanitary irradiation as it is environmentally friendly, does not leave residues on food or in the environment and it is effective against a wide variety of insects. Field-collected weevils were treated with five doses of gamma irradiation (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 Gy) and the fecundity and fertility of mating crosses of treated males and females with treated and untreated individuals of the opposite sex, were determined to evaluate the effect on P. callosus reproductive ability post-treatment. Results indicated that irradiation treatment did not affect fecundity, but fertility was significantly affected, decreasing as the irradiation dose increased. Females were more susceptible to the irradiation treatment than males, and after treatment with 80 Gy, eggs laid by females and mated with either treated or untreated males, did not hatch. A generic dose of 400 Gy for all insect pests except tephritid fruit flies and pupae and adult Lepidoptera is currently approved by USDA-APHIS (United States Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services) for use on certain commodities. Results from the present study support the development of a species-specific dose for P. callosus, as well as the development of a group generic dose for the Curculionidae that is lower than 400 Gy. Effective phytosanitary irradiation treatments are only feasible if the treatment does not adversely affect fruit quality and the marketability of export fruit. Therefore, an investigation of the effects of irradiation disinfestations treatments on the quality of the new pluot cultivar, ‘Flavor Fall’ was made. Packed cartons were treated with three doses of gamma irradiation: 400 Gy, 900 Gy and 1400 Gy. After treatment fruit underwent a PD 7 dual temperature cold storage regime for 42 days and a shelf-life simulation for 7 days. The impact of insect-proof bags, sometimes required by importing countries to keep insects off packaged fruit, was also investigated. Respiration rate of the fruit was measured throughout and fruit quality evaluations were done after cold storage and after shelf-life. The results indicated that quality parameters measured at the end of cold storage, which would be after the fruit arrives at the export markets, were above the minimum standards for overseas markets. Gel breakdown was unacceptably high after the higher temperature exposure of shelf-life for fruit treated with the 900 and 1400 Gy doses. The insect-proof bags reduced shrivel, but resulted in higher incidence of gel breakdown. The use of irradiation, together with the use of the insect-proof bag, has potential as an alternative postharvest mitigation treatment for plums. Lastly, an investigation into potential rearing methods for P. callosus, including recommendation for the future, was made as the availability of a sustainable rearing method that ensures a consistent supply of high quality P. callosus adults would enable continuous research with greater numbers of this pest. The information generated in this study provides a greater understanding of the radiation biology of, not only this curculionid species, but the Curculionidae as a group, and is valuable in advancing the development of alternative postharvest control measures against this phytosanitary pest.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid Afrikaanse vrugte uitvoere na van die grootste internasionale markte mag weg gewys word as die fitosanitêre pes, Phlyctinus callosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in die versending gevind word. ‘n Alternatief vir metiel bromied beroking word benodig en een van die mees belowende alternatiewe behandelings is fitosanitêre bestraling aangesien dit omgewings vriendelik is, nie residue op kos of in die omgewing los nie, en effektief is teen ‘n wye verskeidenheid van insekte. Veldversamelde kalanders is behandel met vyf dosisse gamma bestraling (5, 10, 20, 40 en 80 Gy) waarna die vrugbaarheid van paringskruisings bepaal is deur kruisings tussen behandelde manlike en vroulike kalanders met behandelde en nie-behandelde individue van die teenoorgestelde geslag te maak, en so die na-behandelings effek op die voortplantings vermoeë van P. callosus te evalueer. Die resultate het getoon dat die bestralings behandeling geen invloed gehad het op die hoeveelheid eiers wat gelê is nie, maar dat die uitbroei van eiers aanduidend geaffekteer is deur die behandeling. Die hoeveelheid eiers wat uitgebroei het, het minder geraak soos die bestralings behandeling toegeneem het. Vroulike kalanders was meer sensitief vir die behandeling en na 80 Gy, of hul gekruis is met behandelde of niebehandelde mannetjies, het geen eiers uitgebroei nie. ‘n Generiese dosis van 400 Gy vir alle insekte, uitsluitend tephritiese vrugte vlieë en papies en volwasse Lepidoptera is huidiglik goedgekeur deur die USDA-APHIS (United States Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services) vir sekere kommoditeite. Die resultate van die huidige studie ondersteun die ontwikkeling van ‘n spesie-spesifieke dosis vir P. callosus, so ook die ontwikkeling van ‘n generiese groep dosis vir Curculionidae wat laer as 400 Gy is. Effektiewe fitosanitêre bestralings behandeling is slegs moontlik indien die behandelings dosis nie nadelig vir vrugkwaliteit en die bemarking van uitvoer vrugte is nie. Dus is die effek wat bestralings bestryding behandeling op die kwaliteit van ‘n nuwe pluot kultivar, ‘Flavor Fall’ ondersoek. Vrugte verpak in kartonne is met drie dosisse gamma bestraling behandel: 400 Gy, 900 Gy en 1400 Gy. Na behandeling is die vrugte deur ‘n PD 7 dubbel temperatuur koelopbergings regime van 42 dae en rak-lewe simulasie vir 7 dae gesit. Die impak van insek-bestande sakke wat insekte van die verpakte vrugte weg hou en soms deur invoerende lande ‘n vereiste is, is ook ondersoek. Respirasie tempo van die vrugte is getoets en vrugkwaliteit evaluasies is gedoen na koelopberging en rak-lewe. Die resultate het getoon dat die kwaliteits maatstawwe wat getoets is na koelopberging (wat tipies is wanneer die vrugte by die uitvoer mark arriveer), almal bo die minimum standaarde van die uitvoer markte was. Gel-afbraak was onaanvaarbaar hoog na blootstelling aan die hoër temperature tydens rak-lewe vir vrugte wat behandel is met 900 en 1400 Gy. Die insek-bestande sakke het verrimpeling verminder, maar die voorkoms van gel-afbraak vermeerder. Die gebruik van bestraling, tesame met die insek-bestande sakke, het potensiaal as alternatiewe na-oes behandeling vir pruime. Laastens is ‘n ondersoek ingestel vir moontlike teeltegnieke vir P. callosus en aanbevelings gemaak vir toekomstike studies. Die beskikbaarheid van ‘n volhoubare teeltegniek wat konstante, hoë kwaliteit P. colossus individue verskaf sal aaneenlopende navorsing met groter getalle van die pes moontlik maak. Die inligting wat deur hierdie studie gegenereer is help om die bestralings biologie, nie net van hierdie curculionid spesie nie, maar die Curculionidae as ‘n groep te verstaan, en is kosbaar in die bevordering van ontwikkeling van alternatiewe na-oes beheer meganismes teen hierdie fitosanitêre pes.
Smith, Elizabeth Ann. "The Effects of Access and Education on Preschool Children’s Fruit and Vegetable Intake." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492295915836393.
Повний текст джерелаSong, Yuqi. "Automatic assessment of biological control effectiveness of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma bourarachar against Cadra cautella using machine vision." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32892.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Naiqian Zhang
The primary objective of this research is to achieve automatic evaluation of the efficiency of using Trichogramma bourarachae for biological control of Cadra (=Ephestia) cautella by calculating the rate of parasitization. Cadra cautella is a moth feeding as a larva on dried fruit as well as stored nuts, seeds, and other warehouse foodstuffs. It attacks dates from ripening stages while on tree, throughout storage, and until consumption. These attacks cause significant qualitative and quantitative damages, which negatively affect dates’ marketability, resulting in economic losses. To achieve this research goal, tasks were accomplished by developing image processing algorithms for detecting, identifying, and differentiating between three Cadra cautella egg categories based on the success of Trichogramma parasitization against them. The egg categories were parasitized (black and dark red), fertile (unhatched yellow), and hatched (white) eggs. Color, intensity, and shape information was obtained from digital images of Cadra eggs after they were subjected to Trichogramma parasitization and used to develop detection algorithms. Two image processing methods were developed. The first method included segmentation and extractions of color and morphological features followed by watershed delineation, and is referred to as the "Watershed Method" (WT). The second method utilized the Hough Transformation to find circular objects followed by convolution filtering, and is referred to as the "Hough Transform Method" (HT). The algorithms were developed based on 2 images and then tested on more than 40 images. The WT and the HT methods achieved correct classification rates (CCRs) of parasitized eggs of 92% and 96%, respectively. Their CCRs of yellow eggs were 48% and 94%, respectively, while for white eggs the CCRs were 42% and 73%. Both methods performed satisfactorily in detecting the parasitized eggs, but the HT outperformed the WT in detecting the unparasitized eggs. The developed detection methods will enable automatic evaluation of biological control of Cadra (=Ephestia) cautella using Trichogramma bourarachae. Moreover, with few adjustments these methods can be used in similar applications such as detecting plant diseases in terms of presence of insects or their eggs.
Capacci, Sara <1981>. "Quantitative evaluation of household nutrition patterns: an econometric assessment of the UK 5-a-day impact on fruit and vegetable consumption." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3123/.
Повний текст джерелаLihandra, Eka M. "Assessment of ethanol, honey, milk and essential oils as potential postharvest treatments of New Zealand grown fruit a thesis submitted in (partial) fulfilment for the degree of Master of Applied Science at the Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, 2007 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/theses/1361/.
Повний текст джерелаBianchi, Tiago Luís Cardoso Ferreira Pinhanços de. "Correlating sensory attributes, textural parameters and volatile organic compounds for the assessment of distinctive quality traits of melon and peach fruit cultivars." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671744.
Повний текст джерелаEl meló (Cucumis melo L.) i el préssec (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) són dues espècies fruiteres d'interès econòmic a la Unió Europea. La millora en la qualitat de varietats de meló i préssec és fonamental per a mantenir i incrementar la seva acceptació i consum. En aquest context, l'objectiu central d'aquesta tesi va ser investigar els principals paràmetres de qualitat de diferents cultivars de meló i préssec mitjançant la correlació d'anàlisis sensorials i instrumentals. La correlació de mètodes sensorials i instrumentals va permetre identificar aquells paràmetres amb impacte positiu o negatiu sobre la percepció sensorial de fruits de meló i préssec, bé directament o mitjançant interacció amb altres trets de qualitat. La combinació d'aquestes metodologies va proporcionar informació important per a una millor avaluació de la qualitat i la seva aplicació permetrà la millora en la qualitat de fruits de meló i préssec sense comprometre altres trets de qualitat d'interès
Programa de Doctorat en Tecnologia
Lecompte, Emily M. "A Mixed Methods Study of the Factors that Enhance and Challenge Food Security, Fruit and Vegetable Access and Consumption, and the Uptake and Management of the Ottawa Good Food Box." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35255.
Повний текст джерелаJohnstone, Kelly Rose. "Organophosphate exposure in Australian agricultural workers : human exposure and risk assessment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16345/1/Kelly_Johnstone_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJohnstone, Kelly Rose. "Organophosphate exposure in Australian agricultural workers : human exposure and risk assessment." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16345/.
Повний текст джерелаBarkley, Zenesha R. "An Educational Intervention to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Parents of Obese and Overweight Children." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/394.
Повний текст джерелаUroš, Miljić. "Proizvodnja i ocena kvaliteta voćnog vina od sorti domaće šljive (Prunus domestica L.)." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=93783&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD thesis was to assess the possibility of using three native plum varieties, with different ripening periods (Ĉaĉanska rana, Ĉaĉanska lepotica and Poņegaĉa), as raw material for the production of fruit wines. Determined mechanical composition and chemical characteristics of fruit pomace and juice indicate that the Ĉaĉanska lepotica and Poņegaĉa are considered as better raw materials for the production of fruit wine compared to Ĉaĉanska rana. Optimization of fermentation conditions (temperature, pH, the duration of fermentation and the dose of pectolytic enzyme) was conducted. This step also included investigation of the different pectolytic enzymes use for the treatment of pomace and evaluated the impact of using different yeast strains, as well as the effect of different production microorganisms on the plum wine quality. It was found that, among the tested production microorganisms, Spriferm (S. cerevisiae) yeast gives the plum wine of best quality. Numerical optimization procedure resulted with the following values of the process parameters of plum wine fermentation: temperature 25 °C, pH value 3.5 and pectolytic enzyme dose of 0.5 g/100 kg. Under these conditions the obtained fitted models predict the ethanol yield of 7.5% v/v, glycerol yield 5 g/l, the wine yield of 48% (48 ml from 100 g of pomace) and the formation of 710 mg/l of methanol. Characterization of the produced plum wines included the determination of the most important ingredients: alcohol, acids, minerals, phenolic and aromatic compounds, as well as evaluation of their functional characteristics (antiradical, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities). Finally, the possibility of reducing the methanol production in plum wine was estimated by applying different physico-chemical treatments of the pomace. Significantly higher efficiency of procedures that involve some form of heat treatment of pomace, compared to treatments which involve the use of certain oenological means, was observed.
Amin, Sarah Anne. "The Application Of Valid And Feasible Dietary Assessment Methods To Evaluate The Impact Of Policy And Behavioral Interventions On Children's Fruit And Vegetable Consumption." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/452.
Повний текст джерелаDuvenage, Stacey. "Risk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:h7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serovar typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus within a stone fruit production environment." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30792.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
Unrestricted
Steingaß, Christof Björn [Verfasser]. "Supply chain assessment of fresh pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit with special reference to their volatiles, sensory characteristics, and phenolic compounds / Christof Björn Steingaß." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1106838858/34.
Повний текст джерелаWilliams, Heather Lorraine. "An assessment of land for commercial apple orchard potential on CLI class 4 and 5 soils in the Nanaimo B.C. area - a case study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25067.
Повний текст джерелаScience, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate
Losi, Lorenzo. "Impact assessment of an innovative process for levulinic acid production from biomass." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаChiveu, Chemulanga Josiah [Verfasser], Elke [Akademischer Betreuer] Pawelzik, Elke [Gutachter] Pawelzik, Michaela [Gutachter] Dippold, and Klaus [Gutachter] Dittert. "Assessment of genetic and nutritional diversity, and salinity tolerance of Kenyan guava (Psidium guajava L.): an underutilized naturalized fruit species / Chemulanga Josiah Chiveu ; Gutachter: Elke Pawelzik, Michaela Dippold, Klaus Dittert ; Betreuer: Elke Pawelzik." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116423112X/34.
Повний текст джерелаVaziri, Alyssa S. "Pink and Dude Chefs: Effectiveness of an After-School Nutrition Knowledge and Culinary Skills Program for Middle School Students to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Consumption." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1946.
Повний текст джерелаPassuello, Ana Carolina Badalotti. "Aplicação da avaliação do ciclo de vida em embalagens descartáveis para frutas : estudo de caso." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12690.
Повний текст джерелаLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool which evaluates the environment aspects and the potential impacts through a product life cycle, from the acquisition of raw materials to production, use and final disposition. Theirs features enable the use of this tool application on the products comparison. One industry that is the target of this kind of analysis is packaging, for it has a very short time of usage and not necessarily linked to the packaged product. In this work, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is applied to the fruit disposable packages industry, aiming at comparing wood and corrugated cardboard boxes environmental performances. The methodology used to apply the LCA is in accordance with what is indicated on the ISO Standards 14040, and it is divided in four stages: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment and interpretation. The assessment baseline scenario takes into consideration the energetic production according to the Rio Grande do Sul energy matrix and the landfill solid wastes disposition. In the impact assessment, an analysis was made on the level of characterization and normalized damage. The results obtained at the characterization level show that the wood packages are more environmentally interesting than those in corrugated cardboard to most of the impact categories assessed. In relation to the categories related to human health, the wood packages scores are 75% lower to carcinogenics and non-carcinogenics. The corrugated cardboard scenario scores are better to the ionizing radiation, stratospheric ozone depletion and photochemical oxidation categories, being among 62% and 74% lower than those of the wood scenario. For climate changes, the corrugated cardboard life cycle has an impact value 25% higher than the wood one. For the categories related to ecosystem quality, the value obtained for the wood life cycle is 95% lower for eutrophication and 70% lower for water bodies’ ecotoxicity. The characterization results conducted to the normalized damage assessment. For normalization at damage level, it was demonstrated that the major advantage of the corrugated cardboard life cycle is its low utilization of energy and mineral resources. For the other damage categories – climate change, human health and ecosystem quality – the wood life cycle showed better performance than corrugated cardboard life cycle. The results discussion demonstrates that the processes that contribute most to the impacts, in both life cycles analyzed, are related to wood extraction, energy production and solid wastes disposition. For the corrugated cardboard scenario, it is also interesting to call attention to the cellulose production by the Kraft process. Scenario evaluation demonstrates that the energetic production matrix and the final solid waste disposition have a direct influence on LCA results. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the wood package has a better environmental performance that the one in corrugated cardboard in the baseline scenario assessed.
Ramasodi, Robert Mooketsa. "Pest risk analysis on hand luggage at OR Tambo International Airport a case study of flights from Cameroon, India and Kenya /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02112009-104221.
Повний текст джерелаHuisamen, Nicola. "Assessment of microbial levels in the Plankenburg and Eerste Rivers and subsequent carry-over to fresh produce using source tracking as indicator." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20407.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The agricultural sector of South Africa is currently facing a serious water crisis. The decreased availability of water as a result of climate change and the constantly growing population has left many farmers increasingly dependant on surface water as primary source of irrigation. Urbanisation along with out-dated and insufficient wastewater treatment works have all contributed to polluting large volumes of these resources. Consequently, many farmers have been forced to use irrigation water, not only of poor quality, but often water which has been polluted with untreated sewage. As a result, this project aimed at investigating the link between the quality of irrigation water and the impact on the safety of fresh produce. A base-line of the microbial load at three sites along the Plankenburg and Eerste Rivers was established using standard microbial methods for the detection of indicator organisms such as total and faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococci as well as potential pathogens that included Salmonella, Listeria, Staphylococcus, endosporeformers and aerobic colony counts. Chemical parameters such as pH, alkalinity, conductivity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were also monitored, but were not correlated to microbial pollution levels in the rivers. High faecal coliform and E. coli concentrations, ranging from 310 to 7 x 106 cfu.100 mL-1 and 230 to 7 x 106 cfu.100 mL-1, respectively, were detected. The recommended irrigation water guidelines of ≤1 000 (WHO, 1989) and ≤4 000 cfu.100 mL-1 (DWAF, 2008) for faecal coliforms and E. coli were exceeded, indicating faecal pollution and thus a high health risk. This health risk was confirmed when potential pathogens such as Aerococcus viridans, Klebsiella, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium were detected at all three sites. The carryover of organisms from rivers to produce (green beans and grapes) was investigated by comparing the microbial population of the Plankenburg and Eerste Rivers to the population recovered from irrigation water and the surface of fresh produce. Faecal coliforms, E. coli, Aerococcus viridans, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella, L. innocua, L. grayi, L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in all three sample types, indicating a similarity between the microbial populations found in the river, the irrigation water and produce. Thus, the transfer of potential pathogens from the rivers to produce is a strong possibility. The build-up of organisms on the surface of green beans as a result of multiple irrigations was also confirmed by an increase in faecal coliform concentrations from initial concentrations of none detected to 44 000 cfu.100 mL-1 over a 10 day irrigation period. Finally, microbial source-tracking techniques including multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) profiling, and the API 20E classification system were used to determine genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of 92 faecal isolates (from irrigation water and produce) and 13 reference strains. Numerical classification systems was used to classify the 105 faecal isolates according to the degree of similarity between the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the 105 isolates. A high degree of similarity indicates a high probability that isolates originate from the same strain and therefore from the same source, thereby confirming the transfer of organisms Faecal isolates (93 and 98%, respectively) were found to be resistant to Vancomycin at both the 5 and 30 μg concentrations. The majority of isolates presented some resistance to Erythromycin (15 μg) and Ampicillin (25 μg), with 82% of isolates presenting an inhibition zone ≤4 mm. Isolates were sensitive towards Ciprofloxacin (1 and 5 μg), Ofloxacin (15 μg), Ceftriaxone (30 μg) and Cefotaxime (5 μg), which were able to inhibit the growth of 79.8, 93.3, 79.8, 88.5 and 71.2% of the isolates, respectively. The 13 medical reference strains all presented different genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and thereby indicated a high degree of variability between isolates from the same species. Finally, 35% of the isolates could be grouped together based on similar genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, therefore, more than a third of the faecal isolates obtained from the surface of the fresh produce was as a result of faecal contaminants in the irrigation water. It could therefore be concluded that a health risk is associated with the water from the Plankenburg and to a lesser extent, Eerste River when used as source of irrigation, thereby risking the transfer of potentially harmful organisms, present in the rivers as result of faecal pollution, to the surface of fresh produce.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika stuur tans af op 'n dreigende water krisis. Klimaatsverandering tesame met 'n spoedig groeiende bevolking het gelei tot 'n aansienlike vermindering in die land se varswaterbronne terwyl veranderende reënvalpatrone daartoe bygedra het dat talle boere al hoe meer afhanklik geword het van oppervlakvarswaterbronne as hul hoof-besproeïngsbron. Verstedeliking, armoede asook verouderde en onvoldoende infrastrukture het egter bygedra tot die besoedeling van baie van hierdie oppervlakvarswaterbronne. Gevolglik is meeste boere genoodsaak om klaar te kom met besproeïngswater van, nie net onaanvaarbare mikrobiese kwaliteit nie, maar dikwels water wat gekontamineer is met onbehandelde riool. Hierdie studie was gevolglik daarop gemik om die impak van die mikrobiologiese kwaliteit van besproeïngswater op die veiligheid van vars groente en vrugte te bepaal. Standaard mikrobiologiese metodes vir die bepaling van indikator organismes soos totale en fekale kolivorms, E. coli en enterococci asook potensiële patogene wat Salmonella, Listeria en Staphylococcus insluit, was gebruik om die mikrobiese lading by drie verskillende punte (P1, P2 en P3) in die Plankenburg en Eerste Rivier te bepaal. Chemiese parameters soos pH, alkaliniteit, konduktiwiteit en Chemiese Suurstof Behoefte was ook bepaal maar geen korrelasie kon tussen hierdie eienskappe en die mikrobiese besoedelingsvlakke getref word nie. Hoë konsentrasies fekale kolivorms en E. coli wat onderskeidelik vanaf 3.1 x 102 tot 7 x 106 kve.100 mL-1 en 2.3 x 102 tot 7 x 106 kve.100 mL-1 gestrek het en gereeld die voorgeskrewe riglyne van onderskeidelik ≤1 000 (WHO, 1989) en ≤4 000 kve.100 mL-1 (DWAF, 2008) oorskry het, was by al drie punte gevind. Hierdie resultate het gedui op fekale besoedeling wat gevolglik met 'n hoë gesondheidsrisiko geassosieer kon word. Hierdie risiko was bevestig deur die teenwoordigheid van talle potensiële patogene, soos Aerococcus viridans, Klebsiella, Listeria monocytogenes en Salmonella typhimurium, wat vanaf al drie punte geïsoleer was. Die oordrag van organismes vanaf die besoedelde riviere na vars vrugte en groente (groen bone en druiwe) was bepaal deur die mikrobiese lading in die Plankenburg en Eerste Rivier te vergelyk met dié verkry vanuit die besproeïngswater en vanaf groen bone wat besproei was met hierdie water. Fekale kolivorms, E. coli, Aerococcus viridans, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella, L. innocua, L. grayi, L. monocytogenes en Staphylococcus aureus was vanaf al drie die monster tipes geïsoleer. Hierdie resultate het gedui op eenderse mikrobiese populasies in al drie bronne en het daarom die moontlike oordrag van patogene bevestig. Die opbou van organismes as gevolg van veelvuldige besproeïngsessies aan die oppervlak van groen bone was bevestig deur die toename in fekale kolivorm konsentrasie vanaf 'n begin telling van nul tot 'n maksimum konsentrasie van 44 000 kve.100 mL-1. Laastens was mikrobiologiese bron naspeurbaarheidstegnieke soos multi-antibiotika weerstandbiedende profiele en die API 20E klassifikasie sisteem gebruik om individuele genotipe en fenotipe profiele van die 105 fekale isolate saam te stel. Numeriese klassifikasie sisteme was gebruik om die isolate op grond van ooreenkomste tussen hul individuele fenotipiese en genotipiese karaktereienskappe te groeppeer. 'n Hoë mate van ooreenkomstigheid sal dan daarop dui dat isolate van dieselfde besoedlingsbron afkomstig is en gevolglik die oordrag van organismes vanaf besproeïngswater na vrugte en groente bevestig. Onderskeidelik 93 en 98% van die fekale isolate het daarop gedui om weerstandbiedend te wees teen beide 5 en 30 μg Vancomycin. Die meerderheid isolate (82%) het ook 'n mate van weerstand teenoor Erythromycin (15 μg) en Ampicillin (25 μg) getoon met inhibisie sones ≤4 mm. Isolate was ook sensitief teenoor Ciprofloxacin (1 en 5 μg), Ofloxacin (15 μg), Ceftriaxone (30 μg) en Cefotaxime (5 μg). Hierdie antibiotikums was in staat om die groei van onderskeidelik 79.8, 93.3, 79.8, 88.5 en 71.2 % van die isolate te inhibeer. Alhoewel resultate 'n hoë mate van variasie tussen isolate van dieselfde spesie getoon het was dit nogtans moontlik om 35% van die isolate saam te groeppeer op grond van ooreenstemmende genotipe en fenotipe profiele. Meer as 'n derde van die fekale isolate wat vanaf die oppervlakte van die groente en vrugte geïsoleer was, was afkomstig vanaf fekale besmetting in die besproeïngswater. Die oordrag van potensieël patogene organismes vanaf besoedelde riviere na vars vrugte en groente tydens besproeïng was sodoende bevestig. 'n Hoë gesondheidsrisiko was gevolglik gekoppel aan die gebruik van water vanaf die Plankenburg Rivier, en in 'n minder mate die Eerste Rivier, as bron van besproeïngswater.
Water Research Commission
National Research Foundation
Page, Girija. "An environmentally-based systems approach to sustainability analyses of organic fruit production systems in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sustainable Agricultural Systems at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/825.
Повний текст джерелаBrown, Paul W. "Chill Hour Assessment for the Yuma Area." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215724.
Повний текст джерелаMashau, Fhumulani Mathilda. "Risk assessment of fire blight om pome fruits in South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02012006-114148.
Повний текст джерелаde, Kock Lorren. "Carbon intensive but decarbonising quickly? Retrospective and prospective life cycle assessments of South African pome fruit." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29886.
Повний текст джерелаNina, Dimitrov. "Određivanje sadržaja patulina u proizvodima od jabuka i procena izloženosti stanovništva patulinu." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107244&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Повний текст джерелаThis study reports for the first time the occurrence of patulin, a secondary metabolite of certain fungi, in apple-based food, as well as risk assessment related to patulin intake by infants, children, adolescents and adults in Serbia. In total, 356 samples of infant fruit juices (48), infant purée (66), juices for children (small package with straw, 100), and juices in family package (142) were collected from the market over three years (2013–15) and analysed using validated method based on liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Patulin was found in 44% of infant juices and 17% of infant purée, with all values below the legal limit of 10 μg/kg (maximum 8.3 and 7.7 μg/kg, respectively). The proportion of contaminated samples among fruit juices for children was 43%, with the highest patulin concentration at 30.2 μg/kg, not exceeding the maximum allowed level of 50 μg/kg. Patulin was found in 51% of juices in family package, with 0.7% of the samples in excess of the legal limit of 50 μg/kg (mean 4.3 μg/kg). Apple juices showed significantly higher percentage of contaminated samples (74% versus 28%), as well as higher mean patulin content (6.4 versus 2.1 μg/kg) when compared with the multifruit ones. Risk assessment of patulin intake by Serbian infants, children, adolescents and adults, conducted by deterministic and probabilistic approaches and including the bioaccessibility results, revealed a ratio between exposure and toxicological reference dose for patulin of 0,4 μg/kg body weigth, called hazard quotients, well below 1, indicating a tolerable exposure level and no health concern. Furthermore, analysis of pesticide residues and toxic metals confirmed safety of apple products on the market. However, identification of multiple pesticide residues is a reason for an active attitude and carefully planned and conducted monitoring of food safety, expecialy in the case of food for infants and young children, as they are the most susceptible population group.
Moore, Patricia Marie. "Fresh Fruits and Vegetables in a Rural Elementary School: A Mixed-Methods Program Evaluation." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2744.
Повний текст джерелаMcHugh, Kelci Marie. "TANGLEWOOD TRAIL WALKING AND VOUCHER PROGRAM." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/67.
Повний текст джерелаTzu, Chang Wen, and 張雯慈. "Exposure Assessment of Organophosphate Pesticides for Fruit Growing Farmers." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66665631446076570686.
Повний текст джерела長榮大學
職業安全與衛生學系碩士班
93
Fruit growing farmers are exposed to pesticides via skin contact or inhalation of dusts or droplets emitted from preparation of pesticides and application of these pesticides to fruit trees. Significant differences in pesticide exposure among fruit growing farmers exist because of differences in the practices of pesticide application (e.g., mixed-usage of several pesticides, without following usage instructions, usage of personal protection equipment) and environmental factors (e.g., air direction, air velocity, topographical characteristics, etc.). A crucial issue on exploring health hazards due to pesticide exposure is to conduct an exposure assessment to accurately estimate farmers’ exposure to pesticides. In this study, 31 fruit growing farmers were recruited to measure their exposures to organophosphate pesticides when they conducted pesticide spraying. Personal air exposure samples were taken by using OVS-2 tubes and IOM samplers and dermal exposures were measured by using α-cellulose as skin patches. Farmers’ spraying activities were observed by research personnel and recorded by using a digital camera when the exposure sampling were conducting. Urine samples of the farmers were also collected before and after pesticide spraying. Sixty-one air samples (including 31 OVS-2 and 30 IOM samples), 329 skin patches and 60 urine samples were obtained from these framers. The results of sample analyses showed the mean concentrations ( standard deviation) of the farmers’ air exposures for dimethion, methidathion, chlorpyrifos, and omethoate were 17.56(±17.54), 28.15(±26.52), 19.97(±16.07) and 35.23(±32.84) mg/m3, respectively; the means ( standard deviation) of skin exposures for these agents were 6927.02±(8923.31)、2052.96(±3142.18)、755.75(±1002.93) and 325.77(±528.55) g. For each farmer, each type of samples (air and dermal exposure samples) and each type of samplers, the concentrations of all four measured pesticides were summed up as the total exposure concentration of these pesticides. Based on the values of taking natural log-transformation of the total exposure concentrations measured by OVS-2 and IOM samplers, a simple linear regression analysis was performed. The correlation coefficient (r) of the total exposure concentrations measured by these two samplers was 0.55. The results of linear regression analyses to the air and dermal exposures based on the log-transformed total exposure concentrations showed a moderate correlation (r=0.51) between the OVS-2 measured exposure and the dermal exposure and a lower but closer correlation (r=0.48) between the IOM measured exposure and the dermal exposure. The possible exposure determinants recorded from the field observation and the video tape analyses of pesticide spraying activities were used to build multiple regression models for the framers’ air and dermal exposures. The results indicated that both air and dermal exposure were significantly associated with the times in pesticide mists and of upward spraying. Because urine samples were not enough, the correlation between urine measurements and air or skin measurements could not be accurately estimated. From the results of urine measurements, it showed that the metabolite of organophosphate pesticides, dimethyl phosphate (DMP), would reached the highest concentration in urine after 12 hours of exposure. Based on the results of this study, some important points relevant to pesticide exposure assessment were raised: (1) The use of OVS-2 tubes suggested by NIOSH is not enough to measure the pesticide exposure of fruit grower framers. It is necessary to use IOM samplers to provide the supplementary exposure measurements; (2) Personal spraying practices and behaviors of fruit growing farmers could influence pesticides exposure. It is required to pay attention to these practice and behaviors when conducting exposure assessment and controls. Under the circumstance of lacking exposure measurements, even if the exposure measurements taken in the same season and similar climate conditions, it still has a lot of uncertainty on the exposure estimation of fruit growing farmers during one year work period.
(9838247), Phul Subedi. "Non-invasive assessment of fruit: Attributes other than sweetness." Thesis, 2007. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Non-invasive_assessment_of_fruit_Attributes_other_than_sweetness/13454954.
Повний текст джерела(9800051), Colin Greensill. "Non-invasive assessment of fruit quality by near-infrared spectroscopy for fruit grading in an in-line setting." Thesis, 2000. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Non-invasive_assessment_of_fruit_quality_by_near-infrared_spectroscopy_for_fruit_grading_in_an_in-line_setting/13426595.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Chia-Ming, and 劉家銘. "The attraction assessment of the volatiles from banana and guava fruit against females of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54138476973985995572.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
102
This study preliminarily evaluated the attractiveness of fresh fruits against females of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. The results showed that native mango (Mangifera indica Linn. cv. Native) and banana (Musa sapientum L. cv. Pei - Chiao) exhibited 2.40 and 2.10 times higher attractiveness than the control, red guava (Psidium guajava cv. Thai Maroon). When analyzed and evaluated the attractiveness of the headspace volatiles of banana and red guava using gas-mass chromatography (GC/MS). The results showed that butyl isovalerate, sec-butyl butyrate, isobutyl isovalerate and amyl butyrate exhibited higher attractiveness than other volatiles of banana, the catch rates for B. dorsalis female being 40.0, 28.0, 23.0 and 28.0%, respectively. There were no significant differences among these four components of banana volatiles. In addition, the attractiveness of the mixture of these four components against B. dorsalis females was not significantly different with their single components. The catch rate of ethyl caproate was 43.3% against B. dorsalis females, exhibiting the highest attractiveness and there were significant differences among the volatiles of red guava. In choice tests between fresh fruits and the components of banana volatiles, the results showed that sec-butyl butyrate exhibited more attractiveness among other components against fruit fly females. There was no significant difference between sec-butyl butyrate and mature or immature fruits of lemon (Citrus limon). Furthermore, sec-butyl butyrate was more attractive than a food attractant, Torula yeast/borax, against fruit fly females whether they were starved or not before experiment. Greenhouse tests of the persistent attractiveness of 5 different carriers, i.e., septa, melamine foam, cotton pad, filter paper, and wood pulp rag, were also conducted. The results showed each carrier contained 20 ?l of sec-butyl butyrate could sustain 9 days in greenhouse. The attractive of 5 carriers were no significant differences in choice test.
Duvenage, James. "Surface microbial ecology food safety and horticulture production assessment of pear fruit (Pyrus communis)." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53487.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
MSc
Unrestricted
Chen, Yu-Jen, and 陳育仁. "Assessment of the trapping efficacy of the yellow sticky board to the oriental fruit fly." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57789710673038180464.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
植物病蟲害學系
85
Abstract In order to judge whether the fly was sex-matured or not, the sizes of thorax and abdomen as well as the size and weight of both testis and ovary of the oriental fruit fly aged 1 , 3 , 8 , 13 and 20 day-old after emergence under 28℃ rearing condition weremeasured. No significant difference in the length of thorax was observed. Significantincrease in the width of thorax was observed when male was 8 day-old and female 13day-old. The abdomen reached its maximal length in 13 day-old adult. The fruit fly wassexually matured when its length or width of testis was respectively over 0.8 or 0.4 mm ,or over 1.6 or 0.8 mm in ovary. Theoriental fruit fly was mature when the weight oftestis or ovary was over0.09 or 0.99 mg, respectively. Except 3 day-old male the lengthand width of testis and ovary of trapped flies were longer than that of untrapped one.The ovary was significantly longer in trapped 8 day-old female than that of untrappedone.Both male and female oriental fruit fly had a high spectral response to 575 nm yellowlight. It was significantly near 585 nm light that the spectral response of male orientalfruit fly aged 8 , 13 and 20 were higher than that of age 1 and 3 about 15﹪. Both 13day-old male and female flies had a high spectral response to each wave length tested. Under outdoor condition (23-30℃), the peak trapping time of yellow sticky board to adult fly was getting earlier as the flies aged. Half of numbers of trapped male and female fruit flies were trapped near noon. Before 9:00 and after 15:00, the trap capture rate of male and female was less than 20﹪.But no one fly was trapped since 18:00 till 6:00 next day. The maximal rate was 42﹪and 28﹪in 13 day-old male and female ,and the lowest was 13﹪and 8﹪in 1 day-old male and female, respectively. The trapping for 8 day-old adults was up to 30﹪in male and 20﹪in female. The trap count ratio of male / female was 2:3. Three sizes of yellow sticky boards(215×75、215×150 、215×300mm) were tested to trap the oriental fruit fly. The 215×150 mm board showed the best in the trap capture rate of both male and female. The trap count ratio of male / female was 1:2 by 215×150 mm board and that was 2:3 by 215×150 and 215×300mm. The trapping rate of yellow sticky board to flies in the presence of poisoned methyl eugenol fiber board was lower than that sticky board alone. When distance between them was 0.5m the trapped male was much by sticky board with fiber board than alone, respectively. The trapped female by sticky board with fiber board was significantly lower than that by sticky board alone. The assessment of the trapping efficacy of male could be increased by sticky board with methyl eugenol but decreased in female. The addition of 100﹪ MgO to yellow sticky board could increase its trapping rate to both male and female flies. The attractability of yellow sticky board with MgO was better than ZnO. The capture rate of male fruit fly with MgO was higher than with ZnO about 10-20﹪. It was significantly in 100﹪density. But The capture rate of female fruit fly with MgO was higher than ZnO about 4-7﹪. It was no singnificantly between them under 70﹪ density. Under 1000 Lux light, the trapping distance of the yellow sticky board was less than 30 cm. When the light intensity was between 1000 Lux and 2000 Lux, the trapping distance to male was less than 80 cm and to female less than 100 cm. Fifteen yellow sticky boards were set up in a five acreage guava orchard at Tou-Liu from December 1996 till April 1997, to trap the oriental fruit fly. Since December 1996 till January 1997 the trapped male fruit flies were much than female when the growth fruit on tree and ground were under 3000 and 2000 grain. The trapped male fruit flies were as much as female after March the growth fruit on tree and ground were over 4000 and 1000 grain. At the same time, the percent of damage fruit was increased. Sin December 1996 till February 1997, the average temperature was under 20℃ this period, the trap capture of the oriental fruit fly was significantly the average temperature was under 18℃, no oriental fruit fly was trapp average temperature was up to 20℃.When the average temperature was over boards peaks of precipitation, 24mm and 45mm in February and March 1997 respect During that time the trap count was less than one adults. Appare Apparently, t efficiency of the yellow sticky board could be affected by the change of temperature and precipitation.
(12271705), John Austin Guthrie. "Robustness of NIR calibrations for assessing fruit quality." Thesis, 2005. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Robustness_of_NIR_calibrations_for_assessing_fruit_quality/21454485.
Повний текст джерелаPredictive models based on near infra-red spectroscopy for the assessment of fruit internal quality attributes must exhibit a degree of robustness across the parameters of variety, district and time to be of practical use in fruit grading. At the time this thesis was initiated, while there were a number of published reports on the development of near infra-red based calibration models for the assessment of internal quality attributes of intact fruit, there were no reports of the reliability ("robustness") of such models across time, cultivars or growing regions. As existing published reports varied in instrumentation employed, a re-analysis of existing data was not possible.
An instrument platform, based on partial transmittance optics, a halogen light source and a (Zeiss MMS1) detector operating in the short wavelength near infra-red region was developed for use in the assessment of intact fruit. This platform was used to assess populations of macadamia kernels, melons and mandarin fruit for total soluble solids, dry matter and oil concentration. Calibration procedures were optimised and robustness assessed across growing areas, time of harvest, season and variety. In general, global modified partial least squares regression (MPLS) calibration models based on derivatised absorbance data were better than either multiple linear regression or 'local' MPLS models in the prediction of independent validation populations. Robustness was most affected by growing season, relative to the growing district or variety. Various calibration updating procedures were evaluated in terms of calibration robustness. Random selection of samples from the validation population for addition to the calibration population was equivalent to or better than other methods of sample addition (methods based on the Mahalanobis distance of samples from either the centroid of the population or neighbourhood samples). In these exercises the global Mahalanobis distance (GH) was calculated using the scores and loadings from the calibration population on the independent validation population. In practice, it is recommended that model predictive performance be monitored in terms of predicted sample GH, with model updating using as few as 10 samples from the new population undertaken when the average GH value exceeds 1.0.
Chen, Hsiang-Chi, and 陳翔齊. "In vivo assessment of the anti-inflammatory effects of the fruit and the leaf of Artocarpus communis." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23935240858502346790.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
100
Artocarpus communis has been identified as a rich source of flavonoids, which have been highly gaining attention for their potential chemopreventive abilities. In this study, methanol extract of the fruit of A. communis (MEFA) and methanol extract of the leaf of A. communis (MELA) were prepared and their effects on inflammation-associated skin tumorigenesis were assessed using mouse models including 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cutaneous inflammation as well as 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated and TPA-promoted skin tumorigenesis. There are two topics included in this study: (1) Effects of methanol extracts of fruit and leaf of Artocarpus communis on inflammation-associated skin tumorigenesis in ICR mice; (2) Effects of 3’-geranyl-2’,3,4,4’-tetrahydroxychalcone and xanthoangelol of Artocarpus communis on inflammation-associated skin tumorigenesis in ICR mice. According to the results, both of MEFA and MELA produced a significant decrease in intensity of neutrophil infiltration in mouse skin caused by TPA, which appeared to be mediated by inhibition of NF-κB/AP-1-regulated pro-inflammatory genes (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and production of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and PGE2). In addition, topical application with MEFA or MELA significantly reduced cutaneous edema in dorsal skin and ear of TPA-induced mice. Topical application with MEFA or MELA effectively attenuated tumor incidence, hyperplasia (evaluated by multiplicity and volume of tumors), malignancy and angiogenesis of TPA-caused skin tumor promotion in DMBA-initiated mice. These findings first demonstrate that flavonoid-rich MEFA and MELA may inhibit the promotion of skin tumorigenesis in vivo by directly potent anti-inflammatory actions. Moreover, an HPLC analysis revealed that MEFA contained flavonoids compounds such as 3’-geranyl-2’,3,4,4’-tetrahydroxychalcone and xanthoangelol. Furthermore, we investigate the anti-inflammatory abilities of 3’-geranyl-2’,3,4,4’-tetrahydroxychalcone and xanthoangelol on TPA-induced cutaneous inflammation as well as DMBA-initiated and TPA-promoted skin tumorigenesis in ICR mice. As the results showed, topical application with 3’-geranyl-2’,3,4,4’-tetrahydroxychalcone and xanthoangelol significantly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and PGE2) and reduced cutaneous edema in dorsal skin and ear of TPA-induced mice. In addition, topical application with 3’-geranyl-2’,3,4,4’-tetrahydroxychalcone or xanthoangelol effectively attenuated tumor incidence, hyperplasia of TPA-caused skin tumor promotion in DMBA-initiated mice. In conclusion, these results indicate that MEFA and MELA are rich in flavonoids, which possess great anti-inflammatory potential. Also, it suggests that 3’-geranyl-2’,3,4,4’-tetrahydroxychalcone and xanthoangelol are the bioactive compounds of MEFA and MELA from Artocarpus communis.
Lee, Shing-Yang, and 李世仰. "The attraction assessment of the volatiles from banana fruit mixed poisoned methyl eugenol against Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60289915901741514464.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
104
This study evaluated the attract-and-kill effects of two fruit volatiles, sec-butyl butyrate and butyl isovalerate combined with poisoned methyl eugenol (ME) against Batrocera dorsalis adults. The results showed that the attract-and-kill rates of B. dorsalis males in different combination of fruit volatiles and poisoned ME by 1 : 1、0.1 : 1、0.01 : 1 were all over 82.5%, there were no significant different among each other. But the attract-and-kill rate of B. dorsalis females in the combination by 1:1 was 87.2 ± 4.8 %, exhibited the highest attract-and-kill rate and there was significant different to other treatments. The choice tests of two fruit volatiles combined with poisoned ME against B. dorsalis in greenhouse. The results showed that the effects of sec-butyl butyrate mixed poisoned ME were better than butyl isovalerate mixed poisoned ME treatment against B. dorsalis males and females, the mean relative attract-and-kill rates were 59.5 ± 2.2%、67.3 ± 6.6%, respectively. In choice test of 4 different traps, the results showed that the improved long-lasting high-efficiency trap exhibited better effects against B. dorsalis adults. The mean relative attract-and-kill rates of male and female flies were 38.0 ± 4.2%、44.8 ± 3.7%, respectively. The results of persistent efficiency of different carriers showed that the soap was not a good carrier to promote or extend the effectiveness or persistent of poisoned attractant. The Vaseline as the carrier could sustained attract-and-kill effects to 5 days, there were no significant different with fresh poisoned attractants. Added the dose of poisoned attractant in Vaseline, the attract-and-kill effectiveness could sustained to 7 days.
Chiveu, Chemulanga Josiah. "Assessment of genetic and nutritional diversity, and salinity tolerance of Kenyan guava (Psidium guajava L.): an underutilized naturalized fruit species." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E46B-4.
Повний текст джерелаHildebrand, Deana A. "Assessment of the stages of change for increasing fruit and vegetable availability and accessibility in low-income families with preschool age children." 2007. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2354.pdf.
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