Дисертації з теми "Frozen and thawed"
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Kataoka, Ai. "Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in thawed frozen foods." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8857.
Повний текст джерелаFood Science Institute -- Animal Science & Industry
Daniel Y.C. Fung
In February 2008, the FDA released a draft Compliance Policy Guide (CPG) on Listeria monocytogenes and proposed that ready-to-eat (RTE) foods that do not support the growth of L. monocytogenes may contain up to 100 CFU/g of this pathogen. Frozen foods such as ice cream fall in that category since they are consumed in the frozen state. However, other frozen foods, such as vegetables and seafood that are thawed and served at salad and food bars, may support the growth of Listeria and would not be allowed to contain 100 CFU/g according to the draft CPG. In the current study, growth curves were generated for L. monocytogenes inoculated onto four thawed frozen foods - corn, green peas, crabmeat, and shrimp - stored at 4, 8, 12, and 20ºC. Growth parameters, lag phase duration (LPD), and exponential growth rate (EGR) were determined using a two-phase linear growth model and the Square Root Model. The results demonstrated that L. monocytogenes has a very short LPD on these thawed frozen foods during refrigerated storage and that there would be several orders of magnitude of growth (i.e., more than 1.7 log increase at 4 ºC) of the organism before the product is found to be organoleptically unacceptable. Although it would not be possible to take advantage of any extended lag phase duration caused by freeze injury to the organism, frozen foods containing less than 100 CFU/g of L. monocytogenes that are thawed, or thawed and cooked, and then consumed immediately, should not represent a public health hazard.
DiGrassie, Wynne Aubin. "Evaluation of Stallion Frozen-Thawed Semen Using Conventional and Flow Cytometric Assays." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33896.
Повний текст джерелаIn experiment one, six ejaculates were collected from each of three stallions. The semen from each ejaculate was centrifuged and frozen in 0.5 ml polyvinyl chloride straws. Two straws from each ejaculate were thawed and evaluated. Semen was evaluated for post-thaw motility, morphology, mitochondrial activity using Rhodamine 123 (R123), plasma membrane integrity using propidium iodide (PI) and ethidium monoazide (EMA), and chromatin structure using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Data was recorded as percentages for all but the SCSA for both experiment one and two. The extent of chromatin denaturation was calculated using the SCSA and the alpha-t population [at = red/(red +green) fluorescence]. From the alpha-t population, statistics were calculated such mean (Xat), standard deviation (SDat), percentage of cells outside (COMPat) the main alpha-t population and the mean green fluorescence (mean green) of the population.
Results from experiment one demonstrated that all flow cytometric tests except EMA were able to distinguish between live and freeze-killed samples (p < 0.0001). Also the stallion accounted for most of the variation in samples when compared to ejaculate and straw within an ejaculate. Therefore two straws could be chosen at random from a stallion and evaluated in experiment two.
In experiment two, twenty-nine stallions were evaluated using the same tests as experiment one excluding EMA. Fertility data was obtained from the 1998 or 1999 breeding season. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the best-fit model to predict overall pregnancy rate. SCSA and R123-PI assays accounted for the largest amount of variation in fertility (R2 = 0.65, p < 0.0004). Within SCSA and the R123/PI assays Xat and PI staining had the highest contribution to this variation in fertility (R2 = 0.11, R2 = 0.47) respectively. The best-fit model for predicting fertility included the assay combination listed above and the interactions between SDat and mean green staining as well as R123 and mean green staining. Post-thaw motility and morphology did not account for significant variation in fertility (p = 0.22, p = 0.46) respectively.
Based on this project post-thaw motility and morphology are poor predictors of fertility in frozen-thawed stallion semen. However, through the addition of SCSA and R123-PI to the routine evaluation of frozen-thawed stallion semen time and money may be saved in advance by identifying those stallions with poor post-thaw fertility.
Master of Science
Mataveia, Gracinda Andre. "Effect of heterologous seminal plasma and semen extenders on motility of frozen-thawed ram sperm." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05142008-123139/.
Повний текст джерелаBotha, Alma Ester. "Effect of the acidic buffer 2-[n-morpholino] ethanesulfonic acid on frozen-thawed bull semen." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02252010-141250/.
Повний текст джерелаGriffin, Erin Michelle. "Development of an extender protocol to enhance the viability of frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3151.
Повний текст джерелаBateson, E. A. J. "Cryopreservation of platelets : investigation of factors affecting recovery and function of frozen and thawed platelets." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233520.
Повний текст джерелаBotha, Alma Ester. "Effect of the acidic buffer 2-(N-Morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid on frozen-thawed bull semen." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22848.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Production Animal Studies
unrestricted
Wickramasinghe, Anita Elizabeth. "Influence of Freezing and Thawing Methods on Textural Quality of Thawed FrozenPotato Slices." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406116697.
Повний текст джерелаLavara, García Raquel. "Genetics of fresh and frozen-thawed semen traits and their relationship with growth rate in rabbits." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/31657.
Повний текст джерелаThe general aim of this thesis was to study the genetic determinism for some traits related to artificial insemination (AI) dose production of fresh and frozen-thawed semen, in order to explore the interest and limitation of different strategies for their genetic improvement in a paternal line of rabbits selected for growth rate during the fattening period (28-63 days). In chapter 1, genetic parameters of sperm production traits are estimated as well as the genetic relationship with daily gain (DG). The heritabilities (h2) of the semen traits were 0.13±0.05, 0.08±0.04 and 0.07±0.03 for ejaculate volume (V), sperm concentration (CN) and sperm production (PROD) per ejaculate, respectively. A favourable and moderate genetic correlation was observed between V and DG (0.36±0.34). From this chapter it may be concluded that if a seminal trait is to be included as a selection objective, a useful one could be sperm production, as it is a trait in which both volume and concentration are included. Moreover, there is currently no evidence to suggest that selection for DG in rabbits will affect sperm production adversely. The aim of chapter 2 was to explore the genetic determinism of some sperm quality traits and their genetic relation with the selection criteria of the paternal rabbit line. The heritabilities (h2) of semen quality traits commonly evaluated in a classic spermiogram were 0.18, 0.19 and 0.12 for NAR (%, percentage of sperm with intact acrosome), ANR (%, percentage of sperm abnormalities) and MOT (%, percentage of total motile sperm cells) respectively. We also estimated the h2 of some motion CASA parameters 0.09, 0.11, 0.10, 0.11, 0.11 and 0.11 for VAP (µm/s; average path velocity), VSL (µm/s; straight-line velocity), VCL (µm/s; curvilinear velocity), LIN (%, linearity index), ALH (µm; amplitude of the lateral head displacement), STR (%, straightness). Genetic correlations between DG and semen traits showed a high HPD95% (interval of highest density of 95%). However there is some consistent evidence of the negativity of the genetic correlations of DG with NAR and MOT (-0.40 and -0.53, respectively). Chapter 3 aims to determine the repeatability and heritability of sperm head characteristics: width (W, ¿m), area (A, ¿m2),length (L, ¿m) and perimeter (P, ¿m), and explore the relationships between them and with the selection objective (DG). The results obtained showed that sperm head dimensions are heritable (ranged between 0.2 and 0.29). The genetic correlations between sperm traits were always high and positive (between 0.72 and 0.90), with the exception of L-W genetic correlation, which was moderate. Regarding the genetic correlations between DG and sperm head characteristics, the resulting means ranged from -0.09 for L-DG to -0.43 for W-DG, showing consistent evidence of the negativity of the genetic correlations. The environmental and male effects that could have an influence on sperm freezability are studied in Chapter 4. Six different traits were evaluated: sperm concentration (CONC, 106spermatozoa/mL), acrosome integrity in fresh (NAR, %) and frozen-thawed semen (Nar-FT, %), sperm motility in fresh (MOT, %) and frozen-thawed semen (Mot-FT, %) and the percentage of viable sperm in frozen-thawed semen (Live-FT, %). In addition, two synthetic traits were computed: the relative reduction of acrosome integrity (Rnar, %) and relative reduction of motility (Rmot, %) after the freezing-thawing process. A multiple-trait recursive model was used to analyse the relationships between the semen traits considered. For the fixed effects studied, the season had the highest impact on post-thaw semen characteristics. Results of the analysis of recursive coefficients showed that fresh semen concentration and motility influence the future freezability of the semen. All traits studied presented moderate repeatabilities, ranging from 0.11 to 0.38. These results provide conclusive evidence that sperm freezability in rabbits could be heritable. Regarding male correlations, there were large positive male correlations between fresh traits (rm=0.77-0.57), as well as between direct frozen-thawed traits (rm=0.72-1). Male effects on fresh and direct frozen-thawed traits were generally positively correlated. This correlation was moderate to high for MOT with all frozen-thawed traits (rm=0.41-0.74) and for Mot-FT and all fresh traits (rm=0.5-0.74); these results suggest that these traits could be genetically related. The final chapter of this thesis focused on estimating the heritability of semen freezability traits and estimating the genetic correlation between frozen-thawed sperm traits and the growth rate in a paternal rabbit line. Estimated heritabilities showed that frozen-thawed semen traits are heritable (ranged between 0.08 and 0.15). In the case of Live-FT, the estimated heritability is the highest and suggests the possibility of effective selection. After the study of genetic correlations, it seems that DG was negatively correlated with sperm freezability, but due to the high HPD95% no further conclusions could be drawn. More data should be included in order to obtain better accuracy for the estimates of these genetic correlations. If the results obtained in the present study were confirmed, it would imply that selection for DG could alter sperm cell membranes or seminal plasma composition, both components related to sperm cryoresistance.
Lavara García, R. (2013). Genetics of fresh and frozen-thawed semen traits and their relationship with growth rate in rabbits [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31657
TESIS
Naveed, Fatima. "Role of embryo quality in a randomised comparison of laser assisted hatching on the implantation rate of frozen thawed embryo transfer cycles." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972044.
Повний текст джерелаNaveed, Fatima. "Role of embryo quality in a randomised comparison of laser assisted hatching on the implantation rate of frozen thawed embryo transfercycles." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972044.
Повний текст джерелаSteckler, Daniela. "Assessment of female and male conception rate and correlation to quality of frozen-thawed semen in the dog." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62569.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Production Animal Studies
PhD
Unrestricted
Chido, Chakanya. "Fatty acid composition, colour stability and lipid oxidation of mince produced from fresh and frozen/thawed fallow deer meat." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2479.
Повний текст джерелаParker, Nikola A. "The xenogenous capacitation response of fresh, cooled/extended and frozen/thawed equine semen as determined by a chlortetracycline stain." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41023.
Повний текст джерелаParker, Nikola Alethia. "The xenogenous capacitation response of fresh, cooled/extended and frozen/thawed equine semen as determined by a chlortetracycline stain /." This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-171012/.
Повний текст джерелаNothling, Johan O. "The effect of the addition of autologous prostatic fluid on the fertility of frozen-thawed dog semen after intravaginal insemination." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59908.
Повний текст джерелаBucher, Andreas. "Fixed-time AI pregnancy rate following insemination with frozen-thawed or fresh-extended semen in progesterone supplemented CO-Synch protocol in beef cows /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000286606.
Повний текст джерелаGreiser, Theresa Madeleine [Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Sieme, and Ottmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Distl. "Analysis of breed effects and genetic parameters of semen qualitytraits for frozen-thawed semen in stallions / Theresa Madeleine Greiser ; Harald Sieme, Ottmar Distl." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202272207/34.
Повний текст джерелаShuttleworth, Rachel. "Fertility of frozen-thawed dog sperm with the addition of homologous prostatic fluid or protein-free sperm TALP prior to intravaginal insemination of bitches." Diss., Electronic thesis, 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03232005-141222/.
Повний текст джерелаBlais, Louis. "The evaluation of spermatozoal damage done at each step of the cryopreservation procedure from a line of chicken selected for high fertility, of frozen-thawed semen and a random, bred control line /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61847.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Bing Rong. "Evaluation of frozen-thawed semen from Swedish Red and White AI bulls : with special reference to the relation between zona pellucida binding, in vitro fertilization and in vivo fertility /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5436-0.gif.
Повний текст джерелаHallap, Triin. "Assessment of sperm attributes of frozen-thawed AI doses from Swedish and Estonian dairy bull sires : with special reference to pre-selection through swim-up, and the influence of age on potential fertility /." Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005113.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVeleva, Z. (Zdravka). "Factors affecting the outcome of IVF/ICSI." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514288838.
Повний текст джерелаLesage, Kim. "Experimental studies of thaw consolidation of fine grained frozen soils from the Mackenzie Valley." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28240.
Повний текст джерелаRen, Junping. "Interpretation of the Frozen Soils Behavior Extending the Mechanics of Unsaturated Soils." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39555.
Повний текст джерелаSánchez-Partida, Luis Gabriel. "Studies on the effect of compatible solutes, epididymal compounds, and antioxidants on the post-thaw motility and fertility of pellet frozen ram spermatozoa /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs211.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSingh, Kamaljit Engineering & Information Technology Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Dynamics of residual non-aqueous phase liquids in porous media subject to freeze-thaw." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. Engineering & Information Technology, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44875.
Повний текст джерелаXIAO, XING-PU, and 蕭興浦. "Studies on relationships between qualities and the structure of frozen pork and cooked-frozen-thawed egg white." Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63804699733696332562.
Повний текст джерелаTing-chieh, Kang, and 康定傑. "Effects of Cryoprotectant Components on Frozen-Thawed Semen Quality of Alpine Goats." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94072914846352141382.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
動物科學與畜產系所
99
Sperm cryopreservation is one of the basic technologies in reproduction biology. However, the quality of frozen-thawed goat semen is still not as good as that of the fresh semen. The types and components of cryoprotectants might be the key points for improving the goat semen quality after frozen and thawed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effects of concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), amino acid and pH value on frozen-thawed semen quality in Alpine goats. In the following research was to establish the extracting method of LDL from hen’s egg yolk. The results showed that the recovery rate of our extraction method was 60.37%. In the study 1, various concentrations of LDL (between 0 and 20%, w/v) were tested in freezing extenders for Alpine goat semen cryopreservation. The results showed that, the motility (72.65%), survival rate (79.74%), and mitochondrial potential (72.77%) of frozen-thawed Alpine goat semen cryopreserved in extender containing 4% LDL were significantly better than those of other treatment groups and the control group (P < 0.05). In study 2, the experiment 1 was to evaluate the effects of pH value of extender on the quality of frozen-thawed Alpine goat semen. The results showsed that quality of frozen-thawed Alpine goat semen in 4% LDL extender was significantly improved when its pH value was adjusted to 6.4 when compare to that of pH 5.7 and 7.0 (P <0.05). In the experiment 2 of study 2, the effects of commercial Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 (RPMI-1640) amino acids on the quality of frozen-thawed Alpine goat semen was evaluated. Various concentrations of RPMI-1640 (between 10 and 50%, v/v) in freezing extenders were tested. The results showed that the motility (73.29%), survival rate (77.27%), and mitochondrial potential (68.27%) of frozen-thawed Alpine goat semen were significantly better in the extender containing 40% 1X RPMI-1640 than other treatment groups and the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the traditional role of the egg yolk using as a cryoprotectant in Alpine goat semen cryopreservation extender could be substituted by LDL. In addition, the cryopreservation extender containing 4% LDL and 40% RPMI-1640 and its pH value was adjusted to 6.4, can achieve the best cryopreservation effect for the Alpine goat semen.
Huang, ruei-chang, and 黃芮昌. "Effects of Cryoprotectant Composition on the Semen Quality of Frozen-Thawed Canine Semen." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a5hwad.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
動物科學與畜產系所
105
Cryopreservation process produces significant changes in mammalian spermatozoa with the subsequent decrease in its fertility potential. Different factors are involved in the alteration of sperm during the cryopreservation: the cryoprotectant used and chilling, freezing and thawed processes employed. Therefore, a large number of extenders have been studied in order to preserve the canine semen quality during the cryopreservation. This study was investigated to explore the effect of glycerol (G), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and trehalose concentration on post-thawing canine semen quality. Semen were collected from three mature Maltese canine (2 and 5 years of age);The aim of this study is to evaluate the semen quality and is divided into motility (%), progressive (%), viability (%), acrosome integrity (%), mitochondrial integrity (%), and DNA integrity. Results showed that the final glycerol concentration of 5% of the cryoprotectant is significantly higher (P <0.05) than other extender is 3%, 4%, 6% and 7% glycerol concentration in 11% lactose with 20% egg yolk basic extender. When the extender added 11% LDL, canine semen quality (P < 0.05) is significant higher than 10%, 12%, 13% and control group (20% egg yolk) in 11% lactose with 5% glycerol-based extender. Based on the 11% LDL with 5% glycerol based extender, the final optimal trehalose concentration of canine semen cryoprotectant is 350 mM which is better than 300 mM and the control group (11% lactose). In conclusion, the best concentration of glycerol, LDL and trehalose for freezing canine semen are 5 %, 11% and 350 mM. Keywords: Canine, Cryoprotectation, low density lipoprotein, Glycerol, Semen quality, Trehalose
Montano, Pedroso Gisele 1981. "In Vitro Function of Frozen-Thawed Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Spermatozoa Undergoing Sorting and Recyopreservation." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148447.
Повний текст джерела黃伯達. "Comparisons of Effects of Fertilization Promoting Peptide, Adenosine, and Pentoxifylline on Frozen - thawed Human Sperm." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63197007408477945893.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
臨床醫學研究所
90
Summary Introduction Upon release from the male, mammalian sperm are nonfertilizing, but become functionally competent cells with the capacity to fertilize physiologically both in the female reproductive tract and / or under appropriate conditions in vitro, a process so-called “capacitation”. Capacitation involves both sperm surface and intracellular changes. Certain requirements for the modulation of capacitation have been identified : Fertilization promoting peptide ( FPP; pGlu-Glu-ProNH2 ), a tripeptide produced by the prostate gland and secreted into seminal plasma in several mammals, is a potential modulator of capacitation in vivo. At ejaculation, nonfertilizing mammalian sperm come into contact with FPP, which elicits capacitation — dependant responses, i.e. stimulating capacitation in uncapacitated sperm and then inhibiting spontaneous acrosome reaction in capacitated cells. FPP thus initiates and maintains fertilizing potential of sperm until they contact an oocyte in the female reproductive tract. Adenosine, another compound found in mammalian seminal plasma, elicits similar capacitation — dependant responses in sperm cells to FPP. The combination of FPP plus adenosine, whether mixed at low, non-stimulatory concentrations or high, maximally-stimulatory concentrations, was more effective in promoting capacitation than either compound used individually. This suggests that the two molecules act via separate external receptors and modulate a common signal transduction pathway. Adequate sperm motility is known to be an essential prerequisite for successful fertilization. Pentoxifylline, clinically used to enhance motility of sperm from infertile human subjects, is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor leading to an increase in intracellular cAMP level. In hamsters, pentoxifylline has been shown to induce capacitation, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction, and also to improve fertilization rates in vitro. The application of pentoxifylline could contributes to enhancement of post — thawed sperm motility and selection of viable sperm in intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Both FPP and adenosine may act as a first messenger, via adenylate cyclase ( AC ) / cAMP signaling pathway, to modulate the fertilizing ability of mammalian sperm. Cyclic AMP, therefore, plays an essential role in the mechanisms of capacitation and acrosome reaction, which are modulated by either external signal molecules such as FPP and adenosine, or by artificial sperm stimulants such as pentoxifylline. Herein, we try to evaluate the effects of FPP, adenosine and pentoxifylline on the fertilizing ability and motility characteristics of frozen — thawed human sperm. Materials and Methods Semen Sample Semen obtained by masturbation was provided by volunteer donors. After liquefaction and basic seminalysis, the donated semen sample was stored by cryopreservation. On the day of examination, the frozen semen sample was thawed, and the post — thawed sperm suspension was then divided into 2 to 4 aliquotes, one of which was used as the control. Just after thawing, the other aliquots were treated to make 100nM FPP, 10μM adenosine, or 1 mg/mL pentoxyfilline sperm suspensions. Thereafter, we assessed the effects of these three reagents on frozen — thawed human sperm at 1 hour and 4 hours of incubation. Part I. Chlortetracycline ( CTC ) Fluorescence Assessment We collected 16 semen samples, all which were divided into 4 aliquotes of sperm suspension after thawing. One of the 4 aliquotes was used as the control, and the other aliquots were added with reagents to make 100nM FPP - treated, 10μM adenosine - treated, and 1 mg/mL pentoxyfilline - treated sperm suspensions respectively. Most cytological techniques uased to determine the effects of treatment on sperm capacitation only identify acrosome — intact cells and acrosome — reacted cells。With CTC, the acrosome — intact category can be subdivided into two on the basis of apparent differences in their functional state, i.e. uncapacitated and capacitated: F, with uniform fluorescence over the entire head, characteristic of uncapicitated, acrosome-intact cells B, with a fluorescence - free band in the post-acrosomal region, characteristic of capicitated, acrosome - intact cells AR, with dull or absent fluorescence over the sperm head, characteristic of capicitated, acrosome - reacted cells In addition to CTC , we use Hoechst 33258 to assess the live / dead status of the sperm. In each sample, 200 Hoechst 33258 negative cells were assessed for CTC staining patterns under Nikon’s eclipse E600 microscope equipped with phase — contrast and epifluorescent optics. Part II. Computer Aided Sperm Analyzer ( CASA ) Depending on the post — thawed semen qualities, we divided the sperm suspensions into 2 to 4 aliquotes. One aliquote was used as the control, and the other 1 to 3 aliquots were treated to make 100nM FPP, 10μM adenosine, or 1 mg/mL pentoxyfilline sperm suspensions. There were 27 cases with FPP — treated aliquotes, 16 cases with adenosine — treated aliquotes, and 23 cases with pentoxyfilline — treated aliquots in this experiment. Using CASA, we assessed the following motion parameters in each sample: Straight — line velocity ( VSL ):the straight — line distance between the beginning and the end of the track divided by the time elapsed Curvilinear velocity ( VCL ):the total distance between each position of the cell center of brightness ( CB ) for a given cell during the acquisition, divided by the time elapsed Average path velocity ( VAP ):the smoothed average position of the CB and gives an average cell path velocity Amplitude of lateral head displacement ( ALH ):the mean width of the head oscillation as the cell swims Beat cross frequency ( BCF ):the frequency with which the cell track crosses the cell path in either direction Straightness ( STR ):the departure of the cell path from a straight line Linearity ( LIN ):the departure of the cell track from a straight line Statistic Analyses All statistic analyses were carried out by paired t — test. Percentage data of the CTC results were subjected to arc — sine transformation before statistic analyses. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and P≦0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results Part I. Chlortetracycline ( CTC ) Fluorescence Assessment CTC fluorescence assessment showed no significant differences between control group and FPP — treated, adenosine — treated, pentoxifylline — treated groups. All FPP, adenosine, and pentoxifylline failed to improve the fertilizing ability of frozen — thawed human sperm. Part II. Computer Aided Sperm Analyzer ( CASA ) At 1 hour of incubation, the VCL of adenosine — treated and pentoxifylline — treated groups were significantly greater than that of control group. In addition, pentoxifylline significantly lessened LIN up to 4 hours of incubation. Although FPP did not speed the frozen — thawed human sperm, it did modify the motility characteristics. At 1 hour of incubation, the BCF of FPP — treated group was significantly smaller than that of control group. At 4 hours of incubation, FPP made the STR and LIN much less than that of the control group. Pentoxifylline did not affect the motility rate of the frozen — thawed human sperm. However, the motility rates of both the FPP — treated and adenosine — treated groups were unexpectedly lower than that of the control group at 1 hour of incubation. Discussion CTC fluorescence assessment showed that none of FPP, adenosine and pentoxifylline have significant effects on the capacitation and acrosome status of frozen — thawed human sperm. While comparing the motility characteristics of reagent - treated cells and non - treated cells with CASA, however, we found that all these three reagents did modify the swimming behaviors of frozen — thawed human sperm. The results of our studies gave us some hints of mechanisms about the modulation of sperm fertilizing ability: After 1 hour of incubation, the VCL of adenosine — treated and pentoxifylline — treated cells are significantly greater than that of non — treated cells. This indicated that the intracellular cAMP level determines swimming velocity of sperm. Within the physiologically effective range, the higher the intracellular cAMP level, the larger the VCL. Because the swimming velocities of frozen — thawed cells did not be affected by the addition of FPP, we concluded that FPP, as a first messenger, may act on AC / cAMP signaling pathway indirectly. Despite of no effects on the velocities of the post — thawed sperm cells, FPP made the departure of cell tracks and paths significantly farther away from a straight line after 4 hours of incubation. Such a finding suggested that FPP is more closely than adenosine related to the alterations of swimming tracks associated with hyperactivation, which most of post- thawed sperm failed to express because of the damages resulting from freezing and thawing procedure. In addition, it is reasonable that the motility rates reflected the overall energy reserve of sperm population in our study. By activating adenylate cyclase, adenosine converted ATP to cAMP and thus contributed to the significant fall in the motility rate of post — thawed cells after 1 hour of incubation.. In contrast to pentoxifylline, which accelerated the movement of frozen — thawed cells without affecting motility rate, FPP caused a significant decrease in motility rate without speeding the sperm cells. There must be additional energy expenses other than those required for swimming in the FPP — treated cells. These additional energy expenses, which resulted in intracellular “ energy shift “, also accounted for the less active sports ( less BCF without greater velocities ) in the FPP —treated cells after 1 hour of incubation. After 4 hours of incubation, either of the adenosine — treated and FPP — treated groups had a smaller, but not significantly different motility rate from that of control group. This indicated that a substantial proportions of cryopreservation — damaged cells, because of energy exhaustion resulting from the addition of FPP or adenosine, did not survive as long as if not exposed to any reagent post — thawed. Sperm cell membrane plays an essential role in capacitation and acrosome reaction. Cryopreservation causes damage to the integrity and function of the sperm cell membrane and thus alters the permeabilities of ion and water, leading to sperm intracellular ion concentrations out of the physiologic ranges optimal for fertilization. It is well known that the intracellular Ca++ concentration is closely correlated with the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa, and rearrangements of cytoskeletal elements modulated by intracellular Ca++ / calmodulin — dependent protein kinases lead to modifications of cell movement. Because the previous literature revealed that FPP is a potential modulator of capacitation and hyperactivation, and our studies showed that FPP could modify swimming behaviors with additional energy expenses in frozen — thawed sperm cells with non - optimal intracellular ion concentrations, we propose that FPP potentiates fertilizing ability and prevents spontaneous acrosome loss, via regulating membrane — bound Na+ - K+ATPase and / or Ca++ATPase, by keeping the sperm intracellular Ca++ concentration within the “ capacitation “ range. In addition to cAMP, the intracellular Ca++ is another second messenger in modulation of capacitation and acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa. FPP failed to speed frozen — thawed cells because the intracellular “ energy shift “ resulted in no significant increase in the cAMP level. However, pentoxifylline also made the departure of cell tracks significantly farther away from a straight line as FPP did. Therefore, there may be “ cross — talk “ between Ca++ / calmodulin and AC / cAMP signaling pathway. While acting on the specific receptor on the sperm cell membrane, FPP may make conformational changes of the cytoplasmic domain of its receptor which then activate G proteins. Some of these G proteins help modulate the intracellular Ca++ level, activate the Ca++ / calmodulin — dependent protein kinases, and thus lead to rearrangements of cytoskeletal elements associated with hyperactivation. Other G proteins modulate AC / cAMP and the consequent protein phosphorylation. Both Ca++ / calmodulin and AC / cAMP signaling pathway interact with each other and thus modulate the expression of capacitation and hyperactivation. Although Green et al. reported that FPP induces capacitation in fresh human sperm within one hour of incubation, our study showed that the physiologic effects on the motion characteristics of frozen — thawed cells caused by FPP appeared beyond one hour of incubation. Such a delay resulted from a longer time it took for FPP to modulate the intracellular ion concentrations, which might be far away from the physiologic ranges, in the viable frozen — thawed sperm cells to the optimal levels for fertilization. Because cryopreservation disrupted sperm cell membrane and cytoskeleton, only a few “ healthier “ post — thawed sperm cells could express capacitation and hyperactivation. This is why none of the three reagents used in our studies made any difference in the fertilizing ability between reagent —treated and control groups. We suggest that FPP resets the intracellular ion concentrations of sperm cells at levels optimal for fertilization at ejaculation. Both the intracellular Ca++ and cAMP act as second messengers in the modulation of sperm fertilizing ability. There may be branching and cross — talk between pathways involved in capacitation to regulate and coordinate a sperm cell’s response to specific signal molecules such as FPP and adenosine. It consumes energy to regulate the intracellular ion concentrations and to amplify the cell’s specific response to the incoming information, so is the physiologic significance of the phenomenon of “ capacitation “. Perspectives To verify the mechanism of FPP in modulating the fertilizing ability of mammalian sperm, we could try to use digitalis and vanadate to evaluate the possible effects of FPP on Na+ - K+ATPase and Ca++ATPase on the sperm cell membrane. Digitalis is an inhibitor of Na+ - K+ATPase, which leads to an elevation of intracellular Ca++ level. By stablizing the structure of Ca++ATPase, vanadate slows down the passage of Ca++. Comparisons of the effects of FPP, digitalis / vanadate, and FPP + digitalis / vanadate on spermatozoa, we will clarify the possible mechanisms of FPP we proposed on the sperm intracellular ion concentrations. In addition, it was recently demonstrated that ceramide stimulates the Ca++ATPase in a dose — dependent manner and sphingosine has conversely an inhibitory effect on Ca++ATPase activity. Such sphingolipids may also be considered in assessing whether or not FPP has any effects on membrane — bound Ca++ATPase of sperm. Calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem may also help us understand the role of calcium channel in capacitation and acrosome reaction. By using microarray, we may try to specify the proteins and their functions in the signal pathways responded to FPP and adenosine. Once proved to contribute to regulation of membrane — bound Na+ - K+ATPase and Ca++ATPase, FPP could be widely applied in biomedical science.
Yang, Ihsienhsuuan, and 楊逸軒. "Effects of Cryoprotectant Composition and Freezing Rate on the Semen Quality of Frozen-Thawed Boar Semen." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31213879345805837845.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
動物科學與畜產系所
103
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of cryoprotectant composition, including various concentrations of glycerol, trehalose, and low density lipoprotein (LDL), and freezing rate on the quality of frozen-thawed boar semen. Parameters analyzed were sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial potential and DNA integrity. Results demonstrated that the semen quality of cyroprotectant containing 6% glycerol is significantly (P < 0.05) improved in comparison with those of croprotectant containing 3 and 4.5 % glycerol. Semen positioned 1 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen (average freezing rate = -60℃/min) had significantly (P < 0.05) better quality then semen positioned 3 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen (average freezing rate = -30℃/min) after thawing. Using the cyroprotectant containing 300 mM trehalose lead to significantly (P < 0.05) improved semen quality when compared to using cryoprotectants containing 250 mM trehalose, 350 mM trehalose, and 11% lactose. In addition, cyroprotectant containing 10% LDL was significantly (P < 0.05) better than 8% LDL, 12% LDL, and 20% egg yolk in terms of maintaining semen quality. Taken together, the combination of using the cyroprotectant containing 6% glycerol, 300 mM, and 10% LDL with the average freezing rate at -60℃/min (positioned 1 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen) had the optimal semen quality. Using such semen for artificial insemination (AI) had similar (P > 0.05) conception rate (53.8 vs. 54.5%) in comparison with using fresh semen. However, the litter size (13.0 v.s. 9.2) and the number of piglets born alive per litter (12.0 v.s. 9.0) of the sows AI with frozen semen were significantly higher than those of the sows AI with fresh semen.
Yuan, Hwa-Hsing, and 袁華興. "Effects of hCG, oLH, and cAMP on progesterone secretion of fresh and frozen-thawed bovine luteal cells." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35722993402181882685.
Повний текст джерелаZheng, Ming De, and 鄭明得. "Effects of protease in inhibitors of rice bran on the autolysis of frozen-thawed squid mantle muscle." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30836625595884147471.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Sheng-Yang, and 吳昇陽. "Effects of Extender Components and Seminal Plasma Excluding on the Semen Quality and Fertility of Cooled or Frozen-Thawed Goat Semen after Artificial Insemination." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48304859500083053026.
Повний текст джерела(9189401), Katharine G. Sharp. "Utilization of Frozen Thawed Semen in Large Black Pigs; Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Large Black Pigs Fed Diets Supplemented With or Without Alfalfa." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаIn recent years conservation of minor livestock breeds has been faced with numerous challenges attributed to decreasing national herd sizes, as well as differences in reproduction and growth. One such minor swine breed, the Large Black pig (LB), is increasingly attractive to small farmers due to their foraging abilities and carcass characteristics. Therefore, the LB pigs have been used in niche pork production systems which market pasture-raised pork products. The LB breed is critically endangered, maintaining a registered breeding population of less than 400 animals, with increasing prevalence of inbreeding and genetic drift. Therefore, the LB breed could benefit from a genetic importation to increase genetic diversity in a national herd with rapidly decreasing animal numbers. A genetic importation would require frozen semen to be brought in from another country for use in breeding U.S. pigs. Frozen-thawed semen (FTS) presents challenges for swine due to the reduced motile sperm cells which negatively impacts fertility. Therefore, the present study evaluated the utilization of FTS in a genetic importation for the LB pig.
A genetic importation occurred in 2016 where semen from the United Kingdom was used on various farms in the U.S. but resulted in zero piglets born. Therefore, 16 LB sows were donated to Purdue University for research into improving estrous and ovulation synchronization to facilitate FTS utilization. Four breeding replicates were performed where following 14 days of Matrix feeding, OvuGel® was administered at 144 h following last Matrix feeding (LMF) or 96 h in post-weaned sows and two FTS inseminations occurring at: 30 and 36 h, 17 and 23 h, 24 and 30 h, and 24 and 32 h after OvuGel® for replicates 1-4, respectively. Approximately 2.64±0.3 billion motile sperm cells per insemination were utilized in replicates 1-3 with American LB FTS, with replicate 4 utilizing 0.34±0.03 billion motile sperm cells of imported FTS. Follicle diameter (P=0.260), ovulation within 48 h of OvuGel® (P=0.411), and weight prior to breeding (P=0.681) did not influence conception rate, however expression of estrus was determined to significantly influence conception rate (P=0.043). Seventy-five LB piglets were weaned across the first three breeding replicates, with parity 2 sows observed to have larger litter sizes than parity 1 sows (P=0.066).
Large Black and Duroc-sired (DS) crossbred pigs from replicates 1 and 2 farrowing were fed corn and soybean meal based finishing diets supplemented with (FIB) or without alfalfa and wheat middlings (CON). Following 6 dietary phases through finishing, 25 LB and 25 DS pigs were slaughtered at similar ages for digestive organ dissection and carcass measurements. Loin muscles were evaluated for fresh pork quality and instrumental color and tenderness. LB pigs had a reduced ADG (P<0.0001) and G:F (P<0.0001) compared to DS pigs. Pigs fed FIB resulted in reduced ADG (P=0.020) and reduced G:F (P=0.007). At slaughter LB pigs were 26.4 kg lighter than DS pigs (P<0.0001), and pigs that were fed FIB had lighter live weights (P=0.002) than pigs fed CON. LB pigs had 28.5±1.3 cm2 smaller longissimus muscle area (P<0.0001), yielding 2.0 cm more 10th rib back fat than DS pigs (P<0.0001). CON pigs had heavier HCW (P<0.0001) than FIB pigs, however FIB pigs had greater percent lean (P=0.015). LB pigs had significantly reduced percent lean than DS pigs (P<0.0001). LB pigs had loins with reduced drip loss (P=0.009) and cooked shear force values (P<0.0001). Overall, the growth and carcass composition of the pigs was most affected by genotype, and to a lesser extent than the type of diet fed.
In conclusion, the genetic importation of LB semen was successful as ½ blood piglets were created for dispersal into the U.S. LB herd. Improvements in FTS utilization in this heritage breed contributed to the successful creation of live-born pigs. Additionally, growth and carcass information was obtained for LB breeders to use in understanding and marketing of this heritage breed of pigs.
Maiden, Nicholas Russell. "The assessment of bullet wound trauma dynamics and the potential role of anatomical models." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/99527.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medical Sciences, 2014.
Rato, Ana Mafalda Leal. "Influence of post-thaw culture period on the developmental potential of frozen embryos." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/1421.
Повний текст джерелаTENG, T. C., and 鄧誠正. "The Behaviors for Thaw Settlement and Consolidation of Frozen Soil--Case Study for Taichung Harbor Area." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28873626091387429761.
Повний текст джерела逢甲大學
土木及水利工程研究所
81
This thesis is an investigation of no larger change in the coefficient of consoidiation of the frozen soil after thawing. The soil selected for this studies are saline soils which are popular in existence along the site of the coasts of Taiwan. The testing soils are sampled from the site of Taichung Fossil-fueled Power Plant , Expansion Unit 2. Because this construction project is located near the seashore of Taichung Harbour ,the soils sampling contain in nature of 1% salt concentration. In addition ,these salt-affected soils possess some amounts of the anode ions (sodium- and magnesium-ions). Due to occurrence of the factors, their influence to the coefficient of consolidation are also included for studies. According to their physical properties, we take four different soils for tests. The samples are : 1. No salt soil. 2. The saline soil of 1% salt concentration. 3. The soil of 1% sodium concentraction. 4. The soil of 1% magnesium concentraction. And from the testing results,we conclude that: A. The coefficient of consolidation after thawing of these four sampling soils are almost close. B. The coefficient of thaw settlement Ao varies with different soils ,it is examined that the sodium soil has relatively larger value than the regular soil. C. With temperature ranging from -15℃ to ambient 20℃,the void ratio will increase in all four sampling soils. But the regular soil will have the largest increase while the saline soil shows smallest increasing of void ratio. A full knowledge of the behaviors on the consolidation by freezing-thawing techniques will render a reasonable good solution to the engineers dealing with construction and design works.
Sánchez-Partida, Luis Gabriel. "Studies on the effect of compatible solutes, epididymal compounds, and antioxidants on the post-thaw motility and fertility of pellet frozen ram spermatozoa." 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs211.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSanchez-Partida, Luis Gabriel. "Studies on the effect of compatible solutes, epididymal compounds, and antioxidants on the post-thaw motility and fertility of pellet frozen ram spermatozoa / by Luis Gabriel Sanchez Partida." 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18596.
Повний текст джерелаxv, 257 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Aims to determine if the compatible solutes (proline, glycine betaine, and trehalose), the epididymal compounds (taurine, hypotaurine and inositol) or the antioxidants (carnosine and ascorbic acid) in tris-citrate based diluents could improve the post-thaw survival and/or fertility of ram spermatazoa.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Science, 1996?