Готові списки джерел за темами / Fronts (Meteorology) Australia, Southeastern

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Fronts (Meteorology) Australia, Southeastern"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Fronts (Meteorology) Australia, Southeastern"

Reeder, Michael J., Thomas Spengler, and Ruth Musgrave. "Rossby waves, extreme fronts, and wildfires in southeastern Australia." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 6 (March 24, 2015): 2015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl063125.

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McInnes, Kathleen L., John L. McBride, and Lance M. Leslie. "Cold Fronts over Southeastern Australia: Their Representation in an Operational Numerical Weather Prediction Model." Weather and Forecasting 9, no. 3 (September 1994): 384–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0384:cfosat>2.0.co;2.

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Sharples, Jason J., Graham A. Mills, Richard H. D. McRae, and Rodney O. Weber. "Foehn-Like Winds and Elevated Fire Danger Conditions in Southeastern Australia." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 49, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1067–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2219.1.

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Abstract Bushfires in southeastern Australia are a serious environmental problem, and consistently cause loss of life and damage to property and other assets. Understanding synoptic processes that can lead to dangerous fire weather conditions throughout the region is therefore an important undertaking aimed at improving community safety, protection of assets, and fire suppression tactics and strategies. In southeastern Australia severe fire weather is often associated with dry cool changes or coastally modified cold fronts. Less well known, however, are synoptic events that can occur in connection with the topography of the region, such as cross-mountain flows and foehn-like winds, which can also lead to abrupt changes in fire weather variables that ultimately result in locally elevated fire danger. This paper focuses on foehn-like occurrences over the southeastern mainland, which are characterized by warm, dry winds on the lee side of the Australian Alps. The characteristics of a number of foehn-like occurrences are analyzed based on observational data and the predictions of a numerical weather model. The analyses confirm the existence of a foehn effect over parts of southeastern Australia and suggest that its occurrence is primarily due to the partial orographic blocking of relatively moist low-level air and the subsidence of drier upper-level air in the lee of the mountains. The regions prone to foehn occurrence, the influence of the foehn on fire weather variables, and the connection between the foehn and mountain waves are also discussed.

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Wilson, K. J., S. L. Barrell, and R. Del Beato. "An Approach to Verifying Prognoses of Line Phenomena and its Application to Fronts over Southeastern Australia." Monthly Weather Review 115, no. 7 (July 1987): 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1339:aatvpo>2.0.co;2.

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Pook, Michael J., Peter C. McIntosh, and Gary A. Meyers. "The Synoptic Decomposition of Cool-Season Rainfall in the Southeastern Australian Cropping Region." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 45, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2394.1.

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Abstract Daily rainfall during the April–October growing season in a major cropping region of southeastern Australia has been related to particular types of synoptic weather systems over a period of 33 yr. The analysis reveals that cutoff lows were responsible for at least 50% of all growing-season rainfall and accounted for 80% of daily rainfall events exceeding 25 mm per station. The proportion of rainfall contributed by cutoff lows varies throughout the growing season. It is highest in austral autumn and spring (55% and 57%, respectively) and falls to a minimum in July (42%). By way of contrast, the total contribution of all types of frontal systems to growing-season rainfall is about 32%, although the monthly value reaches a maximum of 41% in July when mean cutoff rainfall reaches a minimum. Rainfall associated with fronts is strongly concentrated in the lower range of daily falls (less than 10 mm per station). Frontal rainfall is found to be more consistent from year to year than is cutoff rainfall. The number of cutoff lows per season is highly variable, and there is a significant correlation between the number of cutoff days and atmospheric blocking in the region south of Australia in each month of the growing season. The mean amount of rainfall per cutoff day is also variable and has declined by approximately 0.8 mm over the analysis period. An understanding of the mechanisms controlling year-to-year variability of cutoff rainfall is therefore an important step in improving seasonal forecasts for agriculture in southeastern Australia.

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Friesen, Christopher R., and Richard Shine. "At the invasion front, male cane toads ( Rhinella marina ) have smaller testes." Biology Letters 15, no. 7 (July 2019): 20190339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0339.

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As a colonizing species expands its range, individuals at the invasion front experience different evolutionary pressures than do those at the range-core. For example, low densities at the edge of the range mean that males should rarely experience intense sperm competition from rivals; and investment into reproduction may trade-off with adaptations for more rapid dispersal. Both of these processes are predicted to favour a reduction in testis size at the invasion front. To explore effects of invasion stage in Australian cane toads ( Rhinella marina ), we collected and dissected 214 adult males from three regions: one in the species' range-core (northeastern Australia), and two from invasion fronts (one in northwestern Australia and one in southeastern Australia). Despite the brief duration of separation between toads in these areas (approx. 85 years), testis masses averaged greater than 30% higher (as a proportion of body mass) in range-core males than in conspecifics sampled from either vanguard of the invasion. Previous work has documented low reproductive frequencies in female cane toads at the invasion front also, consistent with the hypothesis that evolutionary and ecological pressures unleashed by an invasion can favour relatively low resource allocation to reproduction in both sexes.

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Pook, M. J., J. S. Risbey, P. C. McIntosh, C. C. Ummenhofer, A. G. Marshall, and G. A. Meyers. "The Seasonal Cycle of Blocking and Associated Physical Mechanisms in the Australian Region and Relationship with Rainfall." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 12 (November 25, 2013): 4534–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00040.1.

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Abstract The seasonal cycle of blocking in the Australian region is shown to be associated with major seasonal temperature changes over continental Antarctica (approximately 15°–35°C) and Australia (about 8°–17°C) and with minor changes over the surrounding oceans (below 5°C). These changes are superimposed on a favorable background state for blocking in the region resulting from a conjunction of physical influences. These include the geographical configuration and topography of the Australian and Antarctic continents and the positive west to east gradient of sea surface temperature in the Indo-Australian sector of the Southern Ocean. Blocking is represented by a blocking index (BI) developed by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. The BI has a marked seasonal cycle that reflects seasonal changes in the strength of the westerly winds in the midtroposphere at selected latitudes. Significant correlations between the BI at Australian longitudes and rainfall have been demonstrated in southern and central Australia for the austral autumn, winter, and spring. Patchy positive correlations are evident in the south during summer but significant negative correlations are apparent in the central tropical north. By decomposing the rainfall into its contributions from identifiable synoptic types during the April–October growing season, it is shown that the high correlation between blocking and rainfall in southern Australia is explained by the component of rainfall associated with cutoff lows. These systems form the cyclonic components of blocking dipoles. In contrast, there is no significant correlation between the BI and rainfall from Southern Ocean fronts.

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Manton, Michael J., Loredana Warren, Suzanne L. Kenyon, Andrew D. Peace, Shane P. Bilish, and Karen Kemsley. "A Confirmatory Snowfall Enhancement Project in the Snowy Mountains of Australia. Part I: Project Design and Response Variables." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 7 (July 2011): 1432–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jamc2659.1.

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AbstractThe Snowy Precipitation Enhancement Research Project (SPERP) was undertaken from May 2005 to June 2009 in the Snowy Mountains of southeastern Australia with the aim of enhancing snowfall in westerly flows associated with winter cold fronts. Building on earlier field studies in the region, SPERP was developed as a confirmatory experiment of glaciogenic static seeding using a silver-chloroiodide material dispersed from ground-based generators. Seeding of 5-h experimental units (EUs) was randomized with a seeding ratio of 2:1. A total of 107 EUs were undertaken at suitable times, based on surface and upper-air observations. Indium (III) oxide was released during all EUs for comparison of indium and silver concentrations in snow in seeded and unseeded EUs to test the targeting of seeding material. A network of gauges was deployed at 44 sites across the region to detect whether precipitation was enhanced in a fixed target area of 832 km2, using observations from a fixed control area to estimate the natural precipitation in the target. Additional measurements included integrated supercooled liquid water at a site in the target area and upper-air data from a site upwind of the target.

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Ullah, Fahim, Sara Imran Khan, Hafiz Suliman Munawar, Zakria Qadir, and Siddra Qayyum. "UAV Based Spatiotemporal Analysis of the 2019–2020 New South Wales Bushfires." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 10207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810207.

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Bushfires have been a key concern for countries such as Australia for a long time. These must be mitigated to eradicate the associated harmful effects on the climate and to have a sustainable and healthy environment for wildlife. The current study investigates the 2019–2020 bushfires in New South Wales (NSW) Australia. The bush fires are mapped using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, the hotpots are monitored, and damage is assessed. Further, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)-based bushfire mitigation framework is presented where the bushfires can be mapped and monitored instantly using UAV swarms. For the GIS and remote sensing, datasets of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and VIIRS fire data products are used, whereas the paths of UAVs are optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The mapping results of 2019–2020 NSW bushfires show that 50% of the national parks of NSW were impacted by the fires, resulting in damage to 2.5 million hectares of land. The fires are highly clustered towards the north and southeastern cities of NSW and its border region with Victoria. The hotspots are in the Deua, Kosciu Sako, Wollemi, and Yengo National Parks. The current study is the first step towards addressing a key issue of bushfire disasters, in the Australian context, that can be adopted by its Rural Fire Service (RFS), before the next fire season, to instantly map, assess, and subsequently mitigate the bushfire disasters. This will help move towards a smart and sustainable environment.

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Zhang, Yang, Chinmay Jena, Kai Wang, Clare Paton-Walsh, Élise-Andrée Guérette, Steven Utembe, Jeremy David Silver, and and Melita Keywood. "Multiscale Applications of Two Online-Coupled Meteorology-Chemistry Models during Recent Field Campaigns in Australia, Part I: Model Description and WRF/Chem-ROMS Evaluation Using Surface and Satellite Data and Sensitivity to Spatial Grid Resolutions." Atmosphere 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10040189.

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Air pollution and associated human exposure are important research areas in Greater Sydney, Australia. Several field campaigns were conducted to characterize the pollution sources and their impacts on ambient air quality including the Sydney Particle Study Stages 1 and 2 (SPS1 and SPS2), and the Measurements of Urban, Marine, and Biogenic Air (MUMBA). In this work, the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF/Chem) and the coupled WRF/Chem with the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) (WRF/Chem-ROMS) are applied during these field campaigns to assess the models’ capability in reproducing atmospheric observations. The model simulations are performed over quadruple-nested domains at grid resolutions of 81-, 27-, 9-, and 3-km over Australia, an area in southeastern Australia, an area in New South Wales, and the Greater Sydney area, respectively. A comprehensive model evaluation is conducted using surface observations from these field campaigns, satellite retrievals, and other data. This paper evaluates the performance of WRF/Chem-ROMS and its sensitivity to spatial grid resolutions. The model generally performs well at 3-, 9-, and 27-km resolutions for sea-surface temperature and boundary layer meteorology in terms of performance statistics, seasonality, and daily variation. Moderate biases occur for temperature at 2-m and wind speed at 10-m in the mornings and evenings due to the inaccurate representation of the nocturnal boundary layer and surface heat fluxes. Larger underpredictions occur for total precipitation due to the limitations of the cloud microphysics scheme or cumulus parameterization. The model performs well at 3-, 9-, and 27-km resolutions for surface O3 in terms of statistics, spatial distributions, and diurnal and daily variations. The model underpredicts PM2.5 and PM10 during SPS1 and MUMBA but overpredicts PM2.5 and underpredicts PM10 during SPS2. These biases are attributed to inaccurate meteorology, precursor emissions, insufficient SO2 conversion to sulfate, inadequate dispersion at finer grid resolutions, and underprediction in secondary organic aerosol. The model gives moderate biases for net shortwave radiation and cloud condensation nuclei but large biases for other radiative and cloud variables. The performance of aerosol optical depth and latent/sensible heat flux varies for different simulation periods. Among all variables evaluated, wind speed at 10-m, precipitation, surface concentrations of CO, NO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10, aerosol optical depth, cloud optical thickness, cloud condensation nuclei, and column NO2 show moderate-to-strong sensitivity to spatial grid resolutions. The use of finer grid resolutions (3- or 9-km) can generally improve the performance for those variables. While the performance for most of these variables is consistent with that over the U.S. and East Asia, several differences along with future work are identified to pinpoint reasons for such differences.

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Дисертації з теми "Fronts (Meteorology) Australia, Southeastern"

Kazempour, Alireza. "Meteorological studies of cut-off lows over Australia with a VHF radar /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk2361.pdf.

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May, Peter T. "VHF radar studies of the troposphere /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm4666.pdf.

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May, Peter T. "VHF radar studies of the troposphere / by Peter T. May." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20636.

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