Дисертації: "Frictional contact model"

1

Do, Nguyen Ba. "Modeling of Frictional Contact Conditions in Structures." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7123.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This thesis explores two aspects of modeling the behavior of joint friction in structures. The first aspect deals with the accurate and efficient simulation of a simple system that incorporates the LuGre friction law. Energy transfer and dissipation in a structural joint model is the second topic of this thesis. It is hypothesized that friction could serve to pump energy from one frequency to higher frequencies where it might be dissipated more quickly. Motivation for this study stems from the need to have accurate models of high-precision space structures. Because friction at connecting joints plays a major role in the damping capacity of the structure, a good understanding of this mechanism is necessary to predict the vibratory response and enhance the energy dissipation of the structure. Simulation results of a dynamic system with LuGre friction show that the system is relatively well-conditioned when the slip velocity is small, and ill-conditioned for large slip velocities. Furthermore, the most efficient numerical method to simulate this system is determined to be an implicit integration scheme. To study the energy transfer and dissipation, two models of a jointed structure with friction are considered. Results from the steady-state forced responses of the two structural systems indicate that friction converted low frequency, single harmonic excitation to multi-harmonic response through internal resonances. However, differences in energy dissipation results between the models show that the response of a frictional system is highly sensitive to system parameters and friction laws. Conclusions and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

de, Carufel Jean. "Model predictive control of a manipulator arm with frictional/unilateral contact." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4114.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Controlling mechanisms whose equations of motion involve nonlinear discontinuous terms is difficult. A robot manipulator doing a task requiring intermittent contacts with the environment is such a system. Historically, the difficulty was avoided by splitting the global control problem into subproblems defined by the smooth structures of the piecewise discontinuous model. As a result, algorithms for controlling robot manipulators in free motion, transition to contact (impact control) and force/motion in contact were obtained separately and implementation was done using a switching law. In this thesis, nonlinear Model Predictive Control (MPC) is proposed as a unified solution for controlling robot manipulators with intermittent contacts. The use of a model-based prediction over a receding horizon allows MPC to foresee discontinuous changes in the dynamics and smoothly adjust the control command. Therefore, it was used extensively in the process industry where state and control command saturations are often present. The first contribution in this thesis lies in the use of MPC for controlling systems with discontinuities in the equations of motion. Through analysis and simulation, the ability of the nonlinear MPC approach to provide a unifying solution is demonstrated. The literature on nonlinear MPC being almost inexistent, the work presented herein also contributes to the understanding of how MPC can be applied to nonlinear systems. Because the complete analytical solution of the nonlinear MPC problem is not prone to real-time applications, two implementation alternatives are also proposed. Both use the operational space information about the task to perform to reduce considerably how much computation is necessary for a solution. The first approach is similar to the resolved-acceleration algorithm with the resolved acceleration being computed from a reduced MPC problem. The second is called the predictive impedance algorithm since its formulation is similar to impedance control with the impedance being replaced by the output of a reduced MPC problem. The applicability of both algorithms has been demonstrated through simulation. Experimental results were also obtained for the predictive impedance solution.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

De, Carufel Jean. "Model predictive control of a manipulator arm with frictional/unilateral contact." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/NQ32441.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Nykänen, Robin. "Simulation of Bolted Joint with Frictional Contacts." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74490.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

An easy and reliable way to join two or more components is to use a bolted joint. When torque is applied on the bolt head, a clamp force is achieved. However about 90% of this torque will be used just to overcome the friction in the interfaces. To be able to fasten these in an ecient and precise manner the friction in the bolt threads and underhead area is important to understand. This is currently investigated at Atlas Copco by using a friction test rig, FTR, which measures the clamp force, the total torque and the shank torque. To evaluate the test rig and also to be able to evaluate dierent friction models, a parameterised simulation model of a bolted joint is built. This is a 3D-model of the joint containing a bolt, a nut and a test specimen. The stiness and frictional behaviour of the FTR is used in the model to get a good comparison between these two. Dierent contact formulations and settings are tested to achieve a good model. Also, mesh size, step size and material models are evaluated to see the eect of these. The results show a good correlation between the FTR data and the simulation model. For the total torque to clamp force ratio a dierence of about 1% is achieved. The average dierence in shank torque and underhead torque is at 3.1% and -1.6% respectively. The pressure distribution for this model is shown to be unevenly distributed along the threads. This is minimized by softening the contact, but this instead increases the error between the FTR data and the simulation model. For the evaluation of friction models that are based on the contact pressure this needs to be investigated further to nd a good compromise between the contact pressure and the frictional behaviour.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

DESHMUKH, DINAR V. "PHYSICS BASED REDUCED ORDER MODELS FOR FRICTIONAL CONTACTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1115997302.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Giacoma, Anthony. "Efficient acceleration techniques for non-linear analysis of structures with frictional contact." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0095.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

La mécanique computationnelle est un outil incontournable pour le monde de l’ingénierie mécanique. Motivé par un désir de réalisme et soumis à un perpétuel gigantisme, les modèles numériques doivent aujourd’hui inclure des phénomènes physiques de plus en plus complexes. Par conséquence, d’importantes capacités calculatoires sont requises afin de traiter des problèmes à la fois non-linéaires mais aussi de grande taille. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il convient de développer les stations de calculs mais aussi les méthodes algorithmiques utilisées afin de résoudre efficacement ces types de problèmes. Récemment, les méthodes de réduction de modèle se révèlent comme d’excellentes options au développement d’algorithmes de résolution performants. Le problème du contact frottant entre solides élastiques est particulièrement bien connu pour sa complexité et dont les temps de calcul peuvent devenir prohibitifs. En effet, les lois qui le régissent sont très hautement non-linéaires (non différentiables). Dans ce mémoire, nous nous proposons d’appliquer différentes méthodes de réduction de modèle (a posteriori et a priori) à ce type de problème afin de développer des méthodes de calculs accélérées dans le cadre de la méthode des éléments finis. Tout d’abord, en se plaçant dans le cadre des petites perturbations en évolution quasistatique, la réductibilité de diverses solutions impliquant du contact frottant est mise en évidence via leur décomposition en valeur singulière. De plus, leur contenu à échelle séparée est exhibé. La méthode non-incrémentale et non-linéaire à large incrément de temps (LATIN) est par la suite présentée. Dans un second temps et à partir des observations faites précédemment, une méthode LATIN accélérée est proposée en s’inspirant des méthodes multigrilles non-linéaires de type “full approximation scheme” (FAS). Cette méthode s’apparente en partie aux méthodes de réduction de modèle de type a posteriori. De plus, une stratégie de calcul de modes à partir d’un modèle de substitution est proposée. Par la suite, la décomposition propre généralisée (PGD) est utilisée afin de développer une méthode de résolution non-linéaire efficace reposant fondamentalement sur une approche de réduction de modèle de type a priori. Enfin, quelques extensions sont proposées telle que la résolution de problème faisant intervenir des études paramétriques, ou encore la prise en charge de non-linéarités supplémentaires telle que la plasticité
Computational mechanics is an essential tool for mechanical engineering purposes. Nowadays, numerical models have to take into account complex physical phenomenons to be even more realistic and become larger and larger. As a consequence, more and more computing capacities are required in order to tackle not only non-linear problems but also large scale problems. For that purpose, both computers and numerical methods have to be developed in order to solve them efficiently. In the last decades, model reduction methods show great abilities to assign such challenges. The frictional contact problem between elastic solids is particularly well-known for its difficulty. Because its governing laws are highly non-linear (non-smooth), prohibitive computational time can occur. In this dissertation, model reduction methods (both a posteriori and a priori approaches) are deployed in order to implement efficient numerical methods to solve frictional contact problem in the finite element framework. First, small perturbations hypothesis with a quasi-static evolution are assumed. Then, reducibility of some frictional solutions is emphasized and discussed using the singular value decomposition. In addition, a scale separability phenomenon is enlightened. Then, the non-linear large time increment method (LATIN) is introduced. Secondly, an accelerated LATIN method is suggested by drawing an analogy between previous scale separability observations and the non-linear multigrid full approximation scheme (FAS). This accelerated non-linear solver relies essentially on the a posteriori model reduction approach. A precomputation strategy for modes relying on surrogate models is also suggested. Next, the proper generalized decomposition (PGD) is used to implement a non-linear solver relying fundamentally on an a priori model reduction method. Finally, some extensions are given to assign parametric studies and to take into account an additional non-linearity such as elastoplastic constitutive laws

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Filippis, Hugo de. "Dynamique non linéaire du contact inter-aubes de turbine : caractérisation expérimentale et simulation numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDL0056.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Dans la perspective d’une amélioration des performances et de l’efficacité de la génération future des turboréacteurs, et afin de respecter les réglementations environnementales évolutives concernant les pollutions diverses émises par ces machines, les industriels du secteur de l’aéronautique cherchent des solutions technologiques adaptées. Parmi l’ensemble des pistes étudiées par les fabricants, l’augmentation de la vitesse de rotation de la turbine basse pression au sein du turboréacteur est envisagée pour augmenter le rendement global, en contrepartie du renforcement des phénomènes vibratoires complexes, dont il est nécessaire de maîtriser en phase de conception. En effet, la turbine basse pression qui compose les turboréacteurs de la génération LEAP a la particularité d’être constituée d’un assemblage d’aubes dont la géométrie intègre un talon à l’extrémité supérieure de celles-ci. L’ensemble des talons vient alors s’emboîter les uns avec les autres lors du montage des aubes sur le disque, appliquant de ce fait une précharge statique sur celles-ci, grâce à un angle de prétorsion prévu dès la phase de conception. La fonctionnalité de ce talon est double : d’une part il sert à garantir l’étanchéité de la veine aérodynamique en limitant les pertes fluides du flux d’air traversant les aubes, et d’autre part il introduit un amortissement par frottement par le biais du contact entre les talons des aubes fixées sur le disque, permettant ainsi de réduire l’amplitude de vibration de celles-ci. L’objectif de cette thèse est alors de pouvoir reproduire le comportement dynamique non-linéaire d’une aube de turbine basse pression sur un modèle numérique, et de valider les résultats obtenus à l’aide d’un banc d’essai expérimental académique. Pour ce faire, une étude bibliographique est menée afin d’établir un état de l’art des bancs d’essai expérimentaux existant, leurs spécificités, les observations réalisées, le matériel employé, etc., afin de positionner par rapport à la littérature le banc d’essai académique conçu dans le cadre de cette thèse, compte-tenu des spécifications souhaitées. Une fois la conception et la fabrication du banc d’essai abouties, des essais préliminaires nécessaires au déverminage de celui-ci sont réalisés, notamment des analyses modales des aubes ainsi que des essais de torsion pour la calibration de jauges de déformation afin de mesurer la précharge statique lors de l’assemblage des aubes sur le banc d’essai. Des réponses forcées sur la plage de fréquence du premier mode de flexion de la structure ont été réalisées à l’aide d’une excitation par un sinus pas à pas pour différence configurations de précharge statique. De même, la construction du modèle numérique ainsi que la réalisation de calculs de réponses fréquentielles non-linéaires implique la compréhension et le maniement de méthodologies spécifiques, notamment pour traiter les forces non-linéaires liées au contact avec frottement entre les talons des aubes. Par ailleurs, une problématique supplémentaire, intrinsèque à la construction du modèle éléments finis reproduisant la précharge statique par prétorsion des aubes, est la non-coïncidence des maillages des interfaces de contact, nécessitant dans un premier temps de les contraindre pour les rendre suffisamment réguliers afin de conserver la construction d’éléments de contact nœud à nœud. Dans un second temps, une méthode permettant de traiter cette problématique est proposée, à partir d’une courte bibliographie et en prenant en compte les différentes méthodologies de calcul, des réponses fréquentielles supplémentaires sont alors calculées
With a view of improving the performance and efficiency of the future generation of turbojet engines, and in order to comply with evolving environmental regulations concerning the various pollutants emitted by these machines, aerospace manufacturers are looking for suitable technological solutions. Among all the avenues studied by the manufacturers, increasing the rotational speed of the low-pressure turbine within the turbojet engine is envisaged to increase overall efficiency, in return for the reinforcement of complex vibratory phenomena which need to be taken into account during the design phase. In fact, the low-pressure turbine used in the LEAP generation of jet engines has the particularity of being made up of an assembly of blades whose geometry incorporates a shroud at the upper end of them. All the shrouds interlock with each other when the blades are mounted on the disc, thereby applying a static pre-load to the blades, thanks to a pre-twist angle provided for at the design stage. The function of this shroud is twofold: on the one hand, it serves to guarantee the tightness of the airfoil by limiting the fluid losses of th airflow passing through the blades, and on the other hand, it introduces frictional damping through contact between each blade fixed on the disc, thus reducing their vibration amplitude. The aim of this thesis is to reproduce the non-linear dynamic behavior of a low-pressure turbine blade on a numerical model, and to validate the results obtained using an academic experimental test bench. To this end, a bibliographical study is carried out to establish the state of the art of existing experimental test benches, their specific features, the observations made, the equipment used, etc., in order to position the academic test bench designed as part of this thesis in relation to the literature, taking into account the desired specifications. Once the design and manufacture of the test bench have been completed, the preliminary tests required for its debugging are carried out, including modal analysis of the blades and torsion tests for the calibration of strain gauges to measure the static pre-load when the blades are assembled on the test bench. Forced responses over the frequency range of the structure’s first bending mode have been achieved using step sinus excitation for different static pre-load configurations. Similarly, building the numerical model and calculating non-linear frequency responses requires an understanding and handling of specific methodologies, particularly for dealing with the non-linear forces associated with the frictional contact between the blades shrouds. An additional problem, intrinsic to the construction of the finite element model reproducing the static pre-loading by blade pre-twisting, is the non-coincidence of the meshes of the contact interfaces, necessitating firstly to constrain them to make them sufficiently regular in order to preserve the construction of node-to-node contact elements. Secondly, a method for dealing with this problem is proposed, based on a short bibliography, and taking into account the various calculation methodologies, additional frequency responses are then calculated

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Cazier, Olivier. "Instabilités dynamiques de systèmes frottants en présence de variabilités paramétriques - Application au phénomène de crissement." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830950.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Lors de la conception d'un frein, le confort et le bien-être du consommateur font partie des critères principaux. En effet, les instabilités de crissement, qui engendrent une des pollutions acoustiques les plus importantes, représentent un challenge actuel pour la communauté scientifique et les industriels du domaine. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la mise en évidence du caractère variable du crissement, observé pour deux systèmes de freinage d'un même véhicule, grâce à des plans d'expériences, expérimental et numérique. Pour être représentatif d'une famille de structures, il est désormais indéniable qu'il faille prendre en compte les variabilités observées sur de multiples paramètres liés au système étudié dès la phase de conception. L'enrichissement des simulations déterministes actuelles nécessite la mise en place d'outils non déterministes rapides et respectant le conservatisme des solutions étudiées. Pour ce faire, nous avons contribué au développement de méthodes numériques dédiées à la propagation des données floues dans le cas des graphes de coalescence, à la détermination des positions d'équilibre de corps en contact frottant à partir d'une méthode de régulation basée sur la logique floue. Cette solution permet d'appliquer une technique de projection pour réduire le coût numérique en utilisant des bases modales des composants réanalysées par un développement homotopique.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

wu, yunxian, and yiyun wang. "A Drucker-Prager model for elastic contact with friction." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16693.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In mumerical contact simulations with friction, the simple Coloumb law is usually employed. Standard plasticity models are difficult to use since the balance enforced on the contact surface typically only involves balance of traction vectors, and does not use the full stress tensor on the interface. In this work we describe an approach that allows for the use of the stress tensor, thus opening up the possibility of using more advanced plasticity models. We exemplify this approach by implementing the Drucker-Prager pressure sensitive plasticity model.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Vadakkeveetil, Sunish. "Analytical Modeling for Sliding Friction of Rubber-Road Contact." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79596.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Rubber friction is an important aspect to tire engineers, material developers and pavement engineers because of its importance in the estimation of forces generated at the contact, which further helps in optimizing tire and vehicle performances, and to estimate tire wear. It mainly depends on the material properties, contact mechanics and operating condition. There are two major contributions to rubber friction, due to repeated viscoelastic deformation from undulations of surface called hysteresis and due to Vander Waals interaction of the molecules called adhesion. The study focuses on analytical modeling of friction for stationary sliding of rubber block on rough surfaces. Two novel approaches are discussed and compared. Frictional shear stress is obtained from the energy dissipated at the contact interface due to the elastic deformations of rubber block at different length scales. Contact mechanics theories based on continuity approach combined with stochastic processes to estimate the real contact area, mean penetration depth and true stresses at contact depending on operating conditions. Rubber properties are highly temperature dependent. Temperature model developed based on heat diffusion relation is integrated to consider the effects of temperature rise due to frictional heating. Model results are validated with theoretical results of literature. Simulation results of friction model is obtained for Compound A sliding on rough surface. Material properties are obtained using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Time temperature superposition. Influence of the friction models under different conditions are discussed. Model results are validated with experimental data from Dynamic friction tester on a 120-grit surface followed by future works.
Master of Science

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Colville, Kevin William. "Friction models in the solution of nonstationary contact problems." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17334.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Bibliography: pages 82-83.
In most implementations of the finite element method for the solution of contact problems the model of friction used is the classic Amontons-Coulomb. This dissertation is an attempt to rectify the current situation by considering four more advanced friction models, and coding them in FORTRAN for use with the finite element program ABAQUS. The new models are: a quasi-steady-state sliding model proposed by Zhang, Moslehy and Rice; a nonlinear pressure-dependent model proposed by Wriggers, vu Van and Stein; and a model that includes a film of lubricant proposed by Wilson, Hsu and Huang. The friction models are described in detail, including the algorithmic implementation. The contact problem is then formulated in the Total Lagrangian and Updated Lagrangian formulations for contact between an elastic-plastic (Mises plasticity) body and a rigid tool. The variational (weak) form of the formulation is given and this is then discretised by the finite element method. To test and compare the models three common metal forming processes are simulated: hemispherical punching of a disk, two-dimensional plane strain and three-dimensional cold rolling of a strip, and axisymmetric cup deep-drawing. The results are presented in the form of contour plots of the second invariant of stress (Mises), and the plastic yield and maximum stress. Also graphs for the thickness strain are given. These results are presented for each combination of friction model and process to allow easy comparison of frictional behaviour.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Cigeroglu, Ender. "Development of microslip friction models and forced response prediction methods for frictionally constrained turbine blades." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181856489.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Sextro, Walter. "Dynamical contact problems with friction : models, methods, experiments and applications /." Berlin Heidelberg New York, NY Springer, 2002. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2889583&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Sextro, Walter. "Dynamical contact problems with friction : models, methods, experiments and applications /." Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0711/2006940067.html.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Schmid, Florian. "Analysis of geometrically non-linear models for contact with dry friction." Berlin Logos-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/99054186X/04.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Arvanitaki, A. "Adhesion and traction of viscoelastic contacts." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8273.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

El, Azzouzi Khalid. "Modélisation et simulation numérique à l’échelle des fibres du comportement dynamique d’un multifilament unidirectionnel en placement de fibres robotisé." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0027.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Le comportement mécanique d’un fil de carbone en compression transverse est caractérisé par des déplacements relatifs importants entre fibres, ce qui lui confère un comportement fortement non-linéaire lié aux contacts inter-fibres. Le caractère multi-échelle de la structure fibreuse rend problématique la caractérisation du comportement mécanique du fil de carbone utilisé dans le procédé de placement de fibres sèches automatisé. La complexité de la modélisation mécanique de ce milieu fibreux à l’échelle des fibres est due au fait que la forte non-linéarité mécanique dépend en grande partie de la configuration géométrique des fibres, des interactions de contact-frottement entre elles et le contexte dynamique de la dépose. Le couplage fort entre chargements et modes de déformation dans les différentes directions et l’évolution de la microstructure, qu’il est bien difficile d’appréhender, accentuent fortement la complexité de la modélisation d’une telle structure fibreuse. Le travail de la thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’optimisation du moyen de dépose robotisé de fils secs avec une source de chaleur par laser. Afin de comprendre le comportement thermo-mécanique du fil au cours de la dépose, un modèle dynamique a été développé pour simuler un milieu fibreux en interaction. Le but est de pouvoir prédire le réarrangement des fibres dans un fil sous sollicitation, ainsi que l’évolution des points de contact entre fibres. Ce travail est une première étape vers l’objectif final qui est de définir les paramètres procédés par rapport à la nature des fils secs déposés permettant d’obtenir une préforme de bonne qualité avec une vitesse de dépose élevée
The mechanical behavior of the carbon tow in lateral pressure characterized by the relative movement between fibers giving it a non-linear behavior because of the contact inter-fibers. The fact that the fibrous structure of the tow makes it difficult to characterize its mechanical behavior during the automated placement. The complexity of the mechanical modeling of this fibrous media at fiber scale is due to the fact that the mechanical non-linearity depends in large part to the geometric configuration of fibers, the friction between fibers and also the dynamic environment of the placement. The mechanical modeling complexity is a consequence of the tight coupling between loading and deformation directions modifying the microstructure. This thesis is in keeping with the parameter optimization of the Automated Dry Fiber Placement process with a laser heat source. In order to improve understanding the thermos-mechanical behavior of tow during placement, a dynamic model has been developed to simulate the interaction between fibers. The aim is to be able to predict the geometric configuration of fibers under loading, as well as the position of the contact points. These works are the first step to achieving the objective of identifying and optimizing process parameters in order to increase the lay down speed as well as the quality of the preform

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Bartsch, Ralf, Jens Sumpf, André Bergmann, and Marcus Bona. "Approach for Predicting the Friction Temperature between Thermoplastics in Dry-Running Sliding Friction with Periodically Recurring Contacts." Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31813.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

A variety of analytical and numerical approaches for calculating the friction temperature have been developed in the past. However, none is capable to estimate the friction temperature of thermoplastic friction pairings. Therefore, a semi-analytical model for predicting the friction temperature has been developed. Dry friction and periodically recurring contact is a premise. In the article the derivation is shown und influencing parameters are explained. A validation is made by experimental studies on a conveyor system. The model can be applied to sliding chain conveyor as well as perspectively similar tribological systems.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Söderberg, Anders. "On interface modeling emphasis on friction." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Machine Design (Div.), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3986.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The general trend toward increased use of computer models and simulations during product development has led to a need for accurate and reliable product models. The function of many products relies on contact interfaces between interacting components. To simulate the behavior of such products, accurate models of both components and interfaces are required. Depending on the purpose of the simulation, interface models of different degrees of complexity are needed. In simulation of very large systems with many interfaces, it might be computationally expensive to integrate detailed models of each individual interface. Condensed models, or abstractions, that describe the interface properties with a minimum of degrees of freedom are therefore required.

This thesis deals with mechanical interfaces with an emphasis on friction. In the four appended papers friction models are discussed in terms of condensed models, as well as in terms of more detailed contact models. The aim is to study how friction can be modeled in behavioral simulation of products and to discuss the convenience and relevance of using different types of friction models as building blocks of a system model in behavioral simulations.

Paper A presents a review of existing condensed friction models for sliding contacts under different running conditions and discusses the models from both simulation and tribological points of view.

In papers B and C a simplified contact model, called the elastic foundation model, is used to model friction in a boundary-lubricated rolling and sliding contact. The model is integrated in a dynamic rigid body model of a mechanical system, the system behavior is simulated, and the result is compared with experimental results.

Paper D discusses the application of the elastic foundation model to rough surface contact problems and investigates how the error in the elastic foundation results depends on surface roughness.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Khaleghian, Seyedmeysam. "The Application of Intelligent Tires and Model Base Estimation Algorithms in Tire-road Contact Characterization." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92883.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Lack of drivers knowledge about the abrupt changes in pavement friction and poor performance of the vehicle stability, traction and ABS controllers on the low friction surfaces are the most important factors affecting car crashes. Due to its direct relation to vehicle stability, accurate estimation of tire-road characteristics is of interest to all vehicle and tire companies. Many studies have been conducted in this field and researchers have used different tools and have proposed different algorithms. One such concept is the Intelligent Tire. The application of intelligent tire in tire-road characterization is investigated in this study. Three different test setups were used in this research to study the application of the intelligent tires to improve mobility; first, a wheeled ground robot was designed and built. A Fuzzy Logic algorithm was developed and validated using the robot for classifying different road surfaces such as asphalt, concrete, grass, and soil. The second test setup is a portable tire testing trailer, which is a quarter car test rig installed in a trailer and towed by a truck. The trailer was equipped with different sensors including an accelerometer attached to the center of the tire inner-liner. Using the trailer, acceleration data was collected under varying conditions and a Neural Network (NN) algorithm was developed and trained to estimate the contact patch length, effective tire rolling radius and tire normal load. The third test setup developed for this study was an instrumented Volkswagen Jetta. Different sensors were installed to measure vehicle dynamic response. Additionally, one front and one rear tire was instrumented with an accelerometer attached to their inner-liner. Two intelligent tire based algorithms, a tire pressure estimation algorithm and a road condition monitoring algorithm, were developed and trained using the experimental data from the instrumented VW Jetta. The two-step pressure monitoring algorithm uses the acceleration signal from the intelligent tire and the wheel angular velocity to monitor the tire pressure. Also, wet and dry surfaces are distinguished using the acceleration signal from the intelligent tire and the wheel angular velocity through the surface monitoring algorithm. Some of the model based tire-road friction estimation algorithms, which are widely used for tire-road friction estimation, were also introduced in this study and the performance of each algorithm was evaluated in high slip and low slip maneuvers. Finally a new friction estimation algorithm was developed, which is a combination of experiment based and vehicle dynamic based approaches and its performance was also investigated.
PHD

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Piroti, Shwana, and Jesper Eriksson. "Friction Modeling in FE Simulation : Identification of Friction Model Parameters in Airbag and Crash Dummy Head Contact through Simulation and Experimental Data Response Correlation." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232473.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Motor vehicle-traﬃc accidents are a common cause of traumatic brain injuries, resulting in severe and sustaining disabilities, or even fatality. In an eﬀort to mitigate injuries related to vehicle crashes, various safety systems such as the occupant airbag has been implemented. In angled impacts, occupant interaction with the airbags can lead to head rotation, and during recent years head rotation has been emphasized as an important contributor to head injury risk. Therefore, for prediction of head injury risk in crash simulations it is important to correctly model the friction force which arises in the contact between occupants and the car interior. The aim of this thesis is therefore to study the friction within such a system. More speciﬁcally, the analysis is focusing on dummy head to airbag interaction and to correlate a three parameter friction model for this contact pair, as well as a one parameter model currently used by Volvo Car Group, with measured laboratory test data in the software LS-DYNA.A preliminary study in LS-DYNA was conducted to determine the conﬁguration of the laboratory setup consisting of a statically inﬂated customized driver airbag and a crash dummy head being launched to impact the airbag. The laboratory test data was analyzed using linear regression and Students T-test to identify the inﬂuence of parameters on the measured responses. The simulation model was then modiﬁed to represent the laboratory setup, prior to an optimization study performed to correlate simulation and laboratory test data responses. Lastly, an evaluation study was made to test whether or not the proposed friction model could improve occupant crash simulations.It was found in the thesis study that the friction force had a large eﬀect on the rotation of the head around the vertical axis (z−axis in the anatomical coordinate system of the head). The experimental data showed that the internal pressure of the airbag had little eﬀect on the response. This was likely due to the studied pressures being large enough for the airbag to be so stiﬀ that no plowing eﬀect of the dummy head moving through the airbag fabric could be seen. Furthermore, results from the optimization study indicated that the model correlation was improved when a three parameter friction model with velocity dependence was used. This implies that the friction coeﬃcient is dependent on the velocity. It was also shown that material properties aﬀecting friction behavior vary between diﬀerent crash dummy heads, as well as diﬀerent surface coating. Both dummy T-shirt fabric and grease paint resulted in signiﬁcantly lower surface friction.Due to the diﬀerence in friction for diﬀerent dummy heads, a single set of friction model parameter values that describes the friction behavior of all crash dummy heads does not exist. The study ﬁnds that when sliding is present in a contact, a three parameter model for describing the friction improves the correlation, as it can account for the velocity dependence of the friction in the contact. In contrast, when sliding is not present the one parameter and the three parameter model give similar results.Keywords: friction, velocity dependent friction coeﬃcient, ﬁnite element analysis, car crash simulation, Volvo Cars, crash test dummy head, driver airbag, LS-DYNA, laboratory testing, optimization study.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Damazo, Bradley N. "A compliance model of the roller contact interface for a friction drive used on ultra precision machine tools." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283256.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Baccar, Amina. "Etude de la géométrie et de la cinématique du système vis à rouleaux." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI033.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Ce travail de thèse Cifre, réalisé dans le cadre de la collaboration avec la société Elbi, porte sur la modélisation de la géométrie et de la cinématique du système vis à rouleaux. Ce travail analyse la cinématique et la géométrie du mécanisme de vis à rouleaux satellites (RSM) pour fournir une base fondamentale pour soutenir ses diverses applications. Un modèle 3D du système vis à rouleaux est développé. Un code numérique a été développé en fonction de la géométrie et la cinématique du système de vis à rouleaux. Le champ d’effort et le champ de pression en fonction des défauts de forme et de la géométrie sont obtenus dans ce travail. Ensuite, un modèle 3D du moment de frottement dans le contact entre les surfaces de la vis à rouleaux est développé. La vitesse de glissement et la force de frottement se produisant entre vis/rouleau et entre rouleau/écrou a été calculé conformément à la cinématique, la géométrie et les erreurs de forme. L’efficacité, les pertes par frottement et la durée de vie du mécanisme de la vis à rouleaux en fonction des défauts de forme, de la cinématique et de la géométrie sont obtenues. Ces résultats numériques montrent le rendement important du système de vis à rouleaux en fonction des défauts de forme (autour de 97%). Par ailleurs, une partie expérimentale a été faite sur un banc d’essais électromécanique en collaboration avec le laboratoire Ampère d’Insa de Lyon afin de comparer les résultats expérimentaux avec les résultats théoriques. Ces expériences nous permettent de découvrir plusieurs sources de pertes de frottement dans l’ensemble du banc d’essais, ce qui confirme le faible rendement obtenu expérimentalement (autour de 50 %) pour tout l’ensemble (vérin électromécanique, réducteur). Quelques optimisations ont été effectuées pour améliorer l’efficacité de l’ensemble. Mais il reste difficile de quantifier l’efficacité de système (vis-rouleaux-écrou) expérimentalement. Pour cela, des essais manuels effectués en utilisant le système vis à rouleaux seul confirme les résultats numériques. Une autre partie expérimentale (en utilisant les machines MTM et HFRR) a été faite afin d’obtenir l’influence du lubrifiant sur le coefficient de frottement. Quatre huiles de différentes caractéristiques ont été utilisées. Ces huiles ont été utilisées sur le banc d’essais, mais l’influence du lubrifiant sur le rendement de l’assemblage n’est pas obtenue à cause de la rugosité importante des surfaces de contact du système vis à rouleaux
This PhD work, carried out in collaboration with the Elbi company concerns the modeling of the geometry and the kinematics of the roller screw system. This work analyzes the ki- VII Résumé nematics and the geometry of the planetary roller screw mechanism (RSM) to provide a fundamental basis to support its various applications. A 3D model of the roller screw system is developed. A numerical code has been developed as a function of the geometry and the kinematics of the roller screw system. The force and the contact pressure distribution as a function of form errors and geometry are obtained in this work. Then, a 3D model of the frictional moment was developed. The sliding speed and the frictional force (between screw/roller and roller/nut) was calculated as a function of the kinematics, the geometry and the form error. Efficiency, frictional losses and the lifetime of the roller screw mechanism as a function of the form errors, the kinematics and geometry are obtained. These numerical results show the high efficiency of the roller screw system (around 97 %). Furthermore, experiments were performed on an electromechanical bench in collaboration with the laboratory Ampére of INSA Lyon, to compare these results with theoretical predictions. These experiments reveal several sources of friction losses, which confirms the low efficiency obtained experimentally (around 50 %) for the complete system (electromechanical actuator and gearbox). Some optimizations have been made to improve the efficiency of the assembly. But it remains difficult to quantify the efficiency of the set (screw-roller-nut) experimentally because of the presence of many sources of friction. To attain this goal, manual tests using the single roller screw system confirm the numerical results. Furthermore, another experimental part (using the HFRR and MTM Machines) was carried out to obtain the influence of the lubricant on the friction coefficient. Four oils of different characteristics were used. These four oils were used on the test bench, but the influence of the lubricant on the performance of the system was not obtained due to the high roughness of the contact surfaces of the roller screw system

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Jakel, Roland. "Analyzing a bolted, conical hub-shaft-connection with finite friction contact in Creo Simulate 3.0: Best practices for working with large displacement analysis, bolt preloads and finite friction contact." Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21441.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Der Vortrag beschreibt, wie mittels des Kontaktmodells mit endlicher Reibung in Creo Simulate 3.0 ein Schwungrad mit axial verschraubtem mit Kegel-Presssitz berechnet werden kann. Da in Creo Simulate 3.0 des Softwareentwicklers PTC das Kontaktmodell mit endlicher Reibung nur für die Theorie großer Verformungen implementiert ist, nicht jedoch für einfache Analysen mit kleinen Deformationen, muss der Anwender einige softwareseitige Einschränkungen geschickt umgehen. Es werden Vorgehensweisen vorgeschlagen, wie der Anwender dies bewerkstelligen kann. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Modellierung von Schrauben sowie der Einstellung der Schraubenvorspannung. Rechenergebnisse des Programms werden mit analytischen Lösungen verglichen.
The presentation describes how to analyze a flywheel with axially bolted hub-shaft- connection using a conical press fit with help of the finite friction contact model in Creo Simulate 3.0. Since Creo Simulate 3.0 from PTC offers a finite friction contact model implementation just for large displacement analysis, but not for simple analyses with small displacements, the user has to work around a couple of code specific limitations. Best practices are proposed how to do this. Special attention is paid on bolt modeling and preload adjustment. Analysis results are compared with analytical solutions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Jones, Logan. "Modélisation des forces de contact entre le pneu d’un avion et la piste." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0019/document.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Lorsqu’un avion atterrit, la force principale nécessaire pour arrêter l’avion est obtenue par le freinage. Par une réduction de la vitesse de rotation des roues, les freins provoquent une vitesse de glissement entre les pneus et la piste. C’est cette différence de vitesse qui génère la force de freinage capable de stopper l’avion. La modélisation de cette force est essentielle pour l’estimation de la longueur de piste à l’atterrissage. Les modèles classiques utilisés par les avionneurs sont assez simplistes et dérivent expérimentalement des modèles de frictions les plus simples. De sorte que ces modèles sont dans l’incapacité d’estimer l’influence de paramètres clefs influençant la force de freinage. Il s’agit, en particulier de la pression des pneus, de la nature de la gomme, de la température ambiante et de celle de la gomme, de l’état de la piste, de sa texture, etc. L’objectif de la thèse a été de développer un modèle de contact pneu-piste capable d’estimer la force de freinage. C’est le « Brush Model » qui a servi de base à cette modélisation. En phase de freinage la zone de contact est constituée d’une première zone de déformation de la gomme qui crée une force résistante en suivant la loi de Hooke, puis d’une seconde zone de glissement dont la force de résistance suit la loi de Coulomb. Ce modèle a été amélioré grâce aux résultats de la mécanique des structures pour la loi de Hooke et grâce aux résultats de la tribologie pour la loi de Coulomb. Ces deux modélisations faisant appel aux données issues de la science des matériaux. L’ensemble de ces modélisations a été enrichi par une coopération avec plusieurs centres de recherches ayant fourni de nombreux résultats expérimentaux. Le modèle obtenu a ensuite été confronté avec des résultats d’essais en vol obtenus avec « Airbus Operations S.A.S ». La thèse a validé le prétraitement des données d’essais ainsi que le processus d’identification qui a permis de montrer l’accord du modèle avec les résultats expérimentaux obtenus lors des essais en vol. Cette modélisation donne des résultats très encourageants, elle permet une compréhension beaucoup plus approfondie des effets de l’environnement sur les forces de freinage. De sorte que cette thèse a permis d’améliorer très sensiblement la compréhension fondamentale des phénomènes en jeu lors du freinage, au contact entre le pneu et la piste. Chez Airbus, les résultats obtenus vont servir de base pour les travaux à venir sur ce thème
As an aircraft lands on a runway, the principal force acting to stop the aircraft within the confines of the runway is generated by the brakes. The brakes cause the tire’s rotational speed to slow down with regards to the aircraft’s speed over the ground. This difference in speed causes friction and it is this friction that is the principal force to stop the aircraft. In order to be able to estimate the stopping distance of an aircraft an understanding of this friction is essential. Traditionally, aircraft manufactures have relied on simplistic, empirically derived friction models. However, these empirical models cannot estimate the influence of several key factors that are known (scientifically) to affect friction such as the rubber temperature, the runway texture, the ambient air temperature and the rubber composition to name a few. This PhD work aims to develop a frictional model that can be used to estimate the friction developed between an aircraft tire and the runway. A model commonly known as the Brush Model, is derived for usewith aircraft tires and runways. The underlying physics of this model are developed using the established scientific theories of tribology, material science and strength of materials. Coordination with several research institutes provides experimental results to reinforce the model. The model is then compared with flight test results obtained from a partnership with Airbus OperationsS.A.S. The PhD works demonstrates the entire validation process from flight test data cleaning, the derivation of a curve-fitting algorithm and the matching of derived model with the flight test data. The modeling has shown very encouraging results. It allows for a much deeper understanding of the environmental effects on friction. This PhD work has greatly improved the fundamental understanding of friction and will serve as a base for future works with Airbus

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Maani, Nazanin. "A MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OF THERMAL RESPONSE OF BONE IN SURGICAL DRILLING." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1245.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This Thesis develops a mathematical model for predicting the thermal response in the surgical drilling of bone. The model accounts for the bone, chip and drill bit interactions by providing a detailed account of events within a cylindrical control volume enveloping the drill, the cut bone chip within the drill bit flute and the solid bone. Lumped parameter approach divides the control volume into a number of cells and cells within the sub-volumes representing the drill solid, the bone chip and the bone solid are allowed to interact. The contact mechanics of rough surfaces is used to model chip-flute and chip-bone frictional interaction. In this way not only the quantification of friction due to sliding contact of chip-flute and chip-bone rough surface contact are treated, but also the contact thermal resistances between the rubbing surfaces are included in the model. A mixed combination of constant and adaptive mesh is employed to permit the simulation of the heat transfer as the drill bit penetrates deeper into the bone during a drilling process. Using the model the effect of various parameters on the temperature rise in bone, drill and the chip are investigated. It is found that maximum temperature within the bone occurs at the location adjacent to the corner of the drill-tip and drill body. The results of the model are found to agree favorably with the experimental measurements reported in the existing literature on surgical drilling.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Drobecq, Vincent. "Modélisation de systèmes de freinage ferroviaires avec prise en compte du phénomène de crissement : Application au système de freinage du métro parisien MP59." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1e808ee3-b606-4a16-8ee4-7849353f2c67.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Les problèmes de confort acoustique, de protection sonore de l'environnement et des usagers sont actuellement des problèmes permanents pour les constructeurs de matériels roulant et les équipementiers. Les réglementations internationales toujours plus strictes conduisent les constructeurs de matériels roulant à considérer les problèmes de vibrations et de rayonnement acoustique des les premières étapes de la conception. L’instabilité vibratoire appelée crissement, susceptible d’apparaître en fin de freinage est aujourd'hui très mal maîtrisée et devient une des préoccupations principales sur les matériels roulant ferroviaires. Nous présentons dans cette étude une modélisation détaillée des conditions de contact existant entre matériaux de freinage. L’idée principale est ici de définir de nouveaux modèles originaux de contact faisant intervenir un choix de paramètres majeurs, et parallèlement de réaliser les bancs d'essais associés susceptibles de reproduire les conditions de contact envisagées en accédant de façon expérimentale aux paramètres des modèles analytiques. Une confrontation des résultats analytiques et expérimentaux est faite et permet de définir des jeux de paramètres susceptibles de provoquer le crissement au freinage. Puis une application directe au métro parisien MP59 est faite en intégrant dans nos modèles les paramètres structuraux de son système de freinage ainsi que les caractéristiques sotériologiques et mécaniques de ses matériaux de freinage pour des conditions de freinages spécifiques au MP59. Une corrélation des résultats obtenus par simulations est ensuite faite sur un banc d'essais à l’échelle 1 pour de vérifier l'existence d'angles de contact critiques générant le crissement. On aboutit alors a une proposition de prototype de nouveaux sabots de frein non crissant. Suite à cette approche vibratoire du contact qui permet de définir les paramètres optimaux générateurs de l'excitation du rotor de frein (roue auxiliaire de freinage), nous proposons une seconde voie d’étude visant à réduire le rayonnement acoustique de la roue auxiliaire de freinage. La présentation de solutions déjà existantes pour réduire le crissement en courbe du au contact rail / roue y est faite ainsi qu'une étude du comportement dynamique de la roue auxiliaire de freinage. Puis une modélisation vibroacoustique nous permet de confronter une solution d'amortisseur dynamique avec la seule en vue de la réduction du rayonnement acoustique de celle-ci au freinage. Les résultats obtenus font de la première approche un bon outil pour mettre en place des abaques de paramètres utiles au predimentionnement ou aux modifications des sabots de frein et la seconde approche permet d'envisager des modifications technologiques directement applicables à la roue auxiliaire de freinage.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Emami, Anahita. "Investigation on Physics-based Multi-scale Modeling of Contact, Friction, and Wear in Viscoelastic Materials with Application in Rubber Compounds." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97008.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This dissertation aims to contribute towards the understanding and modeling of tribological phenomena of contact, friction, and wear in viscoelastic materials with application in rubber compounds. Tribiological properties of rubber compounds are important for many applications such as tires, shoe heels and soles, wiper blades, artificial joints, O-ring seals, and so on. In all these applications, the objective is to maximize the friction coefficient to avoid slipping and reduce the wear rate to improve the life expectancy and performance of the products. The first topic in this study focuses on a novel multiscale contact theory proposed by Persson and explains the advantages of this theory over other classical contact theories. The shortcomings of this theory are also investigated, and three methods are proposed to improve Persson's original contact model by correcting the approximation of deformation in the contact area. The first method is based on the original Greenwood and Williamson (GW) contact theory, which neglects the effect of elastic coupling between asperities. The second method is based on an improved version of GW theory, which considers the elastic coupling effect of asperities in an approximate way. The third method is based on the distribution of local peaks of asperities, which is particularly suitable to determine the fraction of a skewed height profile involved in tribological processes. This method can be implemented within the framework of other proposed methods. Since the height profiles of rough surfaces studied in this dissertation are approximately normally distributed, the second correction method is applied to the original contact model to calculate the real contact area and friction coefficient. The second topic addresses the theoretical model of hysteresis friction in viscoelastic materials. The multiscale temperature rise of the rubber surface due to hysteresis friction is also modeled and the effect of flash temperature on the real contact area and friction coefficient is studied. Since the hysteresis friction is not the only mechanism involved in the rubber friction, a semi-empirical model is added to the hysteresis model to include the contribution of adhesion and other processes on the real contact area. Based on the improved multiscale contact theory, a pressure-dependent friction model is also developed for viscoelastic materials, which is in good agreement with experimental results. The third topic deals with the theory of stationary crack propagation in viscoelastic materials and the effect of crack tip flash temperature on the instability of crack propagation observed in some experimental results in the literature. Initially, a theoretical model is developed to calculate the tearing energy vs crack tip velocity in a Kelvin-Voigt rubber model. Besides, two coupled iterative algorithms are developed to calculate the temperature field around the crack tip in addition to the tearing energy as a function of crack tip velocity. In this model, the effect of crack tip flash temperature on the tearing energy is considered to update the relation between tearing energy vs crack tip velocity, which also affects the flash temperature. A theoretical model is also developed to calculate the contribution of the hysteresis effect to the tearing energy vs crack tip velocity using the dynamic modulus master curve of a rubber compound. Then, the low-frequency fatigue test results are compared with the theoretical predictions and used in the framework of powdery rubber wear theory to calculate the stationary rubber wear rate due to fatigue crack propagation. Moreover, a sliding friction and wear test set-up, with both indoor and outdoor testing capability, is developed to validate the theoretical models. The experimental results confirm that the theoretical model can successfully predict the friction coefficient when there is no trace of thermochemical degradation on the rubber surface. Investigating the wear mechanism of rubber samples on three different surfaces reveals that the contribution of fatigue wear rate is less important than other wear mechanisms such as abrasive wear due to sharp asperities or thermochemical degradation due to a significant rise of temperature on the contact area. Finally, the correlation between friction coefficient and wear rate on different surfaces is studied, and it is found that the relation between friction and wear rate strongly depends on the dominant wear mechanism, which is determined by the surface characteristics, sliding velocity, normal load, and contact flash temperature.
PHD

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Reis, Jeselay Hemetério Cordeiro dos. "Modelo de atrito estático em interfaces de contato entre concreto e areia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-17072006-111343/.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Esta tese apresenta os princípios e a formulação de um modelo não-linear de atrito estático em interface de concreto areia. A hipótese básica para desenvolvimento das equações consiste na ocorrência do atrito de deslizamento (atrito verdadeiro), do atrito de rolamento (rearranjo das partículas) e da dilatância (variação de volume durante o cisalhamento). A solução analítica do modelo considera o efeito da rugosidade da superfície de contato, da curva granulométrica da areia e do seu estado de compacidade inicial. Foram realizados ensaios de cisalhamento direto com carga normal constante em interface de contato entre concreto e areia com seção de 500 mm x 500 mm com o objetivo de permitir a calibração do modelo proposto. É discutida e sugerida a incorporação da equação constitutiva desse modelo em análises de interação solo-estrutura via método dos elementos finitos. Sua aplicabilidade é demonstrada através da análise 1D e 2D de estacas de atrito executadas em areia e submetidas a carregamentos de compressão
This thesis presents the principles and formulation underlying a concrete-sand interface nonlinear static friction model. The basic hypothesis employed in the development of the model equation takes into account the interface sliding friction (true friction), a rolling friction (particle rearrangement) and dilatancy(volume variation during shear). The model analytical solution considers the effect of roughness of the contact surface, the grain size distribution and its initial state of compactness of the sand. To calibrate the proposed model, a direct shear stress test under constant load was carried out along a 500mm x 500mm section concrete-sand interface. Furthermore, a discussion and suggestion of the inclusion of the model constitutive equation applied to the analysis of soil-structure interaction using the finite element method are presented. The applicability of the proposed model is proven through the analysis of 1-D and 2-D skin friction piles made of sand mass subjected to compression load

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Roselin, Fredrik. "Simulation of Tribological Contacts in Hydraulic Machines." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69049.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Axial piston machines are operating at high pressure and varying speeds, which requires high reliability of the components. The machine components are separated by a fluid film, but sometimes this film gets penetrated by the surface asperities causing the machine to operate with metal-to-metal contact. In order to improve the design and predict the operating conditions might numerical tools be used. The goal with this thesis was to describe how the tribological contacts in Parkers machines can be modelled, considering oil and surface roughness. The so called Luleå Mixed Lubrication Model have therefore been investigated and it has been described how the model can be used in Parkers machines. The model uses a two-scale method to include the influence of real surface topographies of the components, it gives information about how the surface roughness affect the lubrication conditions. Different options of softwares have been investigated and compared to get an understanding of what possibilities and shortcomings they might have when it comes to this kind of simulations. Results show that all interesting contacts can't be treated the same, therefore must each contact be investigated separetly even though the Luleå Mixed Lubrication Model is used in all cases.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Tournaire, Hadrien. "Méthodologie pour génération de modèles réduits dynamiques multiphysiques : application aux open rotors." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC040/document.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

La conception d’un produit industriel requiert parfois des simulations afin de prédire le comportement du produit en question. En pratique ce type de simulations peut être réalisé en utilisant la méthode des éléments finis, cependant la précision et le niveau de détail souhaité génèrent des modèles difficiles à évaluer. En outre, le caractère itératif présent dans de nombreuses conceptions accentue le ralentissement induit par ces simulations couteuses en temps de calculs. Afin de pallier ce problème, une démarche de réduction de modèle est souhaitée par le partenaire industriel. Les grands axes de travail sur cette méthode sont : la recherche d’une haute compacité, la prise en compte de non-linéarités de grands déplacements et l’évaluation de l’amortissement dans les liaisons du système due au phénomène de contact-friction
The mechanical design of a system involves many investigations, notably the validation of its structural behaviour over its operating frequency range. This kind of analysis can be numerically performed using the finite element method, however in such a context, the required accuracy and detail level imply models whose significant sizes lead to time consuming simulations. Moreover, the optimization process of such a system may request numerous validation computations that turn out extremely slow the design process. In the framework of this PhD we target a reduction methodology whose main features are: being compact, dealing with non-linear displacement and recovering the damping effects of the model joint due to the contact-friction phenomenon

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Doyen, David. "Numerical methods for dynamic contact and fracture problems." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596029.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The present work deals with the numerical solution of dynamic contact and fracture problems. The contact problem is a Signorini problem with or without Coulomb friction. The fracture problem uses a cohesive zone model with a prescribed crack path. These problems are characterized by a non-regular boundary condition and can be formulated with evolutionary variational inequations or differential inclusions. For the numerical solution, we combine, as usual in solid dynamics, a finite element discretization in space and time-integration schemes. For the contact problem, we begin by comparing the main methods proposed in the literature. We then focus on the so-called modified mass method recently introduced by H. Khenous, P. Laborde et Y. Renard, for which we propose a semi-explicit variant. In addition, we prove a convergence result of the space semi-discrete solutions to a continuous solution in the frictionless viscoelastic case. We also analyze the space semi-discrete and fully discrete problems in the friction Coulomb case. For the dynamic fracture problem, using a fully explicit scheme is impossible or not robust enough. Therefore, we propose time-integration schemes where the boundary condition is treated in an implicit way. Finally, we present and analyze augmented Lagrangian methods for static fracture problems

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Baussan, Eglantine. "Etude tribologique et modélisation du contact peau - chaussette : Application à la course à pied." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871091.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Dix chaussettes ont été étudiées, toutes en coton : quatre d'entre elles pour évaluer l'influencede la structure tricotée sur le frottement (jerseys bouclette, simple, double et ponts de fil), trois sontidentiques au titre du fil près, et les trois dernières à la pointure près. Nous nous sommes attachés aucas des phlyctènes apparaissant lors de la course à pied. Les zones du pied sujettes aux ampoules ontété déterminées grâce à un sondage. La pression s'exerçant sur ces zones et la fréquence des fouléesont été mesurées. Nous avons ainsi programmé une platine oscillante qui reproduit le frottement dansla chaussure. Les mesures obtenues sur ce dispositif ont été comparées à celles du Textile FrictionAnalyser de l'EMPA. En croisant ces résultats avec des mesures de compression et une premièreapproche de test d'absorption des chocs, nous avons observé que le jersey simple est plus indiquédans le cas de la marche car il exerce un frottement moins important que la bouclette et apporte unmeilleur amortissement quasi-statique. Dans le cas de la course à pied, il reste à déterminer si le choca un effet plus dommageable que le frottement et la compression exercée sur la peau. Si le choc estprimordial, le jersey bouclette sera recommandé, sinon le jersey simple. Nous avons développé unmodèle du frottement textile-peau en nous intéressant tout d'abord au cas des tricots bouclette. Lemouvement des bouclettes lors d'un cycle de frottement est assimilé à une rotation entre un anglemaximal en sens bouclette et un angle maximal en sens inverse. Ce modèle donne des résultats trèsproches de l'expérience.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Jakel, Roland. "Das neue Kontaktmodell mit endlicher Reibung in Creo Simulate 3.0 : Theorie und Anwendung ; Vergleich mit dem reibungsfreien und unendlich reibungsbehafteten Kontaktmodell." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-206817.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Der Vortrag beschreibt die zugrunde liegende Theorie und die Softwarefunktionalität des in PTC Creo Simulate 3.0 eingeführten Kontaktmodells mit endlicher Reibung und vergleicht dieses mit den bis Creo Simulate 2.0 exklusiv verwendeten Kontaktmodellen (ideal reibungsfrei und unendlich reibungsbehaftet). An zwei Modellbeispielen (ein von zwei Bremsbacken geklemmtes Bremsschwert und ein verschraubtes Schwungrad) wird versucht, die Funktionsweise des neuen Modells zu demonstrieren. Wegen aktueller Qualitätsprobleme der Software wird die Brauchbarkeit der Kontaktmodelle für den Anwender bewertet (Stand Creo 3.0 M080 / Creo 2.0 M200) und umfangreiches Feedback an den Softwarehersteller PTC gegeben
The presentation describes the underlying theory and software functionality of the finite friction contact model introduced with PTC Creo Simulate 3.0. It is being compared with the friction-free and infinite friction contact model used exclusively until Creo Simulate 2.0. It is being tried to demonstrate the mode of operation of the new model with help of two examples: A brake sword clamped by two brake pads and a bolted flywheel. Because of actual software quality problems, the usability of the contact model for the user is being rated (status Creo 3.0 M080 / Creo 2.0 M200). Furthermore, comprehensive feedback is given to the software developer PTC

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Oberhardt, Tobias. "A micromechanical model for the nonlinearity of microcracks in random distributions and their effect on higher harmonic Rayleigh wave generation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54365.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This research investigates the modeling of randomly distributed surface-breaking microcracks and their effects on higher harmonic generation in Rayleigh surface waves. The modeling is based on micromechanical considerations of rough surface contact. The nonlinear behavior of a single microcrack is described by a hyperelastic effective stress-strain relationship. Finite element simulations of nonlinear wave propagation in a solid with distributed microcracks are performed. The evolution of fundamental and second harmonic amplitudes along the propagation distance is studied and the acoustic nonlinearity parameter is calculated. The results show that the nonlinearity parameter increases with crack density and root mean square roughness of the crack faces. While, for a dilute concentration of microcracks, the increase in acoustic nonlinearity is proportional to the crack density, this is not valid for higher crack densities, as the microcracks start to interact. Finally, it is shown that odd higher harmonic generation in Rayleigh surface waves due to sliding crack faces introduces a friction nonlinearity.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Done, Vamshidhar. "Numerical modeling of dry wear : Experimental study of fretting wear, fretting wear simulations with debris entrapped and industrial applications of fretting wear models." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI137.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

De nombreux modèles numériques sont proposés dans la littérature en utilisant des méthodes d'éléments finis et d'éléments finis discrets pour étudier l'usure par frottement, ils incluent à peine l'effet des débris d'usure. Ces modèles étant coûteux en termes de calcul, simuler un grand nombre de cycles d'usure par frottement n'est pas réalisable dans la pratique. Une nouvelle méthodologie est proposée qui ne nécessite que des propriétés de matériau en vrac comme les coefficients de frottement / usure et utilise des méthodes semi-analytiques pour simuler l'usure par frottement avec des débris piégés. Dans cette approche, les débris sont supposés être attachés à l'une des surfaces pendant le processus de fretting. Les résultats obtenus à partir de cette approche ont été comparés avec des expériences de fretting. La méthode proposée permet de saisir la profondeur d'usure et la largeur des cicatrices, et les résultats sont très proches de ceux observés dans les expériences. L'assemblage des soupapes des moteurs à combustion subit une usure par frottement en raison d'un phénomène complexe impliquant une rigidité structurelle et une tribologie de contact. L'usure des soupapes a de nombreux effets néfastes sur les performances du moteur. Il provoque une récession de la soupape entraînant des changements dans les connexions du mécanisme d'entraînement de la soupape, ce qui perturbe l'ouverture et la fermeture des soupapes. Avec des normes d'émission strictes, l'utilisation de lubrifiant pour réduire la friction au contact est limitée. Si l'usure à travers la circonférence n'est pas uniforme, il y aura une fuite de gaz et le moteur donne moins de puissance. Il est nécessaire de bien comprendre la raison de l'usure des soupapes et de développer un modèle numérique capable de prédire l'usure par frottement de la soupape pour le nombre d'heures de fonctionnement donné. Des expériences ont été réalisées pour comprendre le mécanisme d'usure et calculer les coefficients d'usure qui peuvent être utilisés dans le modèle numérique. Un modèle d'usure numérique est construit qui capture la rigidité structurelle de l'ensemble de soupape et le mécanisme d'usure au contact du siège
Many numerical models are proposed in the literature using finite element and finite discrete element methods to study fretting wear, they barely include the effect of wear debris. These models being computationally expensive, simulating large number of fretting wear cycles is not practically feasible. A new methodology is proposed which needs only bulk material properties like friction/wear coefficients and uses semi-analytical methods to simulate fretting wear with entrapped debris. In this approach, debris are assumed to be attached to one of the surfaces during the fretting process. The results obtained from this approach were compared with fretting experiments. The proposed method permits to capture the wear depth and scar width, and results are very close to that observed in the experiments. Valve assembly of combustion engines undergo fretting wear due to a complex phenomenon involving structural stiffness and contact tribology. Valve wear has many detrimental effects on the engine performance. It causes valve recession leading to changes in connections of valve drive train in turn disturbing the opening and closing of valves. With stringent emission norms, usage of lubricant to reduce friction at the contact is restricted. If the wear across the circumference is not uniform, there will be leakage of gas and the engine gives lesser power output. There is a need to thoroughly understand the reason for valve wear and develop a numerical model that can predict valve fretting wear for the given number of operating hours. Experiments were performed to understand the wear mechanism and derive wear coefficients that can be used in the numerical model. A numerical wear model is built that captures structural stiffness of the valve assembly and wear mechanism at seat contact

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Loizou, Andreas. "Modelling and simulation of themo-mechanical phenomena at the friction interface of a disc brake.An empirically-based finite element model for the fundamental investigation of factors that influence the interface thermal resistance at the friction interface of a high energy sliding pair in a disc brake." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5489.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The fundamental theories of heat generation and transfer at the friction interface of a brake assume either matching or not matching surface temperatures by having a varying or uniform heat partition ratio respectively. In the research presented the behaviour of heat partition has been investigated in a fundamental study based on experimental measurements of temperature and the associated modelling and simulation of heat transfer in a brake friction pair. For a disc brake, an important parameter that was identified from the literature study is the interface tribo-layer (ITL), which has been modelled as an equivalent thermal resistance value based on its thickness and thermal conductivity. The interface real contact area was also an important parameter in this investigation, and it has been found to affect heat partitioning by adding its own thermal resistance. A 2-dimensional (2D) coupled-temperature displacement Finite Element (FE) model is presented, based on which a novel relationship which characterises the total thermal resistance (or conductance) at the friction interface has been characterised based on the ITL thermal properties, the contact area, and the contact pressure at the interface. Using the model the effect of friction material wear on the total thermal resistance (or conductance) at the friction interface was predicted and a comparison of the Archard and Arrhenius wear laws in predicting the wear of a resin bonded composite friction material operating against a cast iron mating surface is presented. A 3-dimensional (3D) model is also presented. This model has represented a small scale disc brake test rig which has been used in parallel with the simulation for validation in a drag braking scenario. Two simulation conditions with different pad surface states were investigated, the first having a nominally flat surface, and the second an adjusted (worn) pad surface based on bedding-in data. The Arrhenius wear model was applied to significance of including wear on the total thermal resistance at the friction interface over a short brake application. A sensitivity analysis on the interface thermal conductance, the location of heat generation, and the magnitude of contact pressure has identified the importance of each factor in determining the total thermal resistance (or conductance) at the friction interface during any friction brake application. It is concluded that the heat partitioning is insensitive on the location of heat generation, and that the most sensitive parameter is the contact pressure.
Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE)

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Loizou, Andreas. "Modelling and simulation of themo-mechanical phenomena at the friction interface of a disc brake : an empirically-based finite element model for the fundamental investigation of factors that influence the interface thermal resistance at the friction interface of a high energy sliding pair in a disc brake." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5489.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The fundamental theories of heat generation and transfer at the friction interface of a brake assume either matching or not matching surface temperatures by having a varying or uniform heat partition ratio respectively. In the research presented the behaviour of heat partition has been investigated in a fundamental study based on experimental measurements of temperature and the associated modelling and simulation of heat transfer in a brake friction pair. For a disc brake, an important parameter that was identified from the literature study is the interface tribo-layer (ITL), which has been modelled as an equivalent thermal resistance value based on its thickness and thermal conductivity. The interface real contact area was also an important parameter in this investigation, and it has been found to affect heat partitioning by adding its own thermal resistance. A 2-dimensional (2D) coupled-temperature displacement Finite Element (FE) model is presented, based on which a novel relationship which characterises the total thermal resistance (or conductance) at the friction interface has been characterised based on the ITL thermal properties, the contact area, and the contact pressure at the interface. Using the model the effect of friction material wear on the total thermal resistance (or conductance) at the friction interface was predicted and a comparison of the Archard and Arrhenius wear laws in predicting the wear of a resin bonded composite friction material operating against a cast iron mating surface is presented. A 3-dimensional (3D) model is also presented. This model has represented a small scale disc brake test rig which has been used in parallel with the simulation for validation in a drag braking scenario. Two simulation conditions with different pad surface states were investigated, the first having a nominally flat surface, and the second an adjusted (worn) pad surface based on bedding-in data. The Arrhenius wear model was applied to significance of including wear on the total thermal resistance at the friction interface over a short brake application. A sensitivity analysis on the interface thermal conductance, the location of heat generation, and the magnitude of contact pressure has identified the importance of each factor in determining the total thermal resistance (or conductance) at the friction interface during any friction brake application. It is concluded that the heat partitioning is insensitive on the location of heat generation, and that the most sensitive parameter is the contact pressure.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Wheeler, Jean-David. "Non-elliptical point contacts : The Torus-on-Plane conjunction." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI131/document.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Cette thèse est dédiée à l’étude des contacts lubrifiés tore-plan sous diverses conditions. Ces contacts se situent à l’interface entre l’extrémité torique des rouleaux et le collet de la bague dans les roulements à rouleaux. La première complexité de cette étude provient de la géométrie particulière des solides concernés. La deuxième est générée par la cinématique complexe qui règne dans ces contacts. Afin de comprendre les mécanismes physiques à l’œuvre, une approche duale (expérimentale et numérique) est adoptée. Le banc d’essai Jérotrib permet une première étude basée sur l’hypothèse que le contact élastohydrodynamique tore-plan est similaire à un contact elliptique équivalent. Grâce à une méthode d’interférométrie optique en lumière blanche qui a été adaptée aux spécificités du contact en question, des mesures précises de l’épaisseur de film ont été effectuées dans un nombre significatif de conditions. Sur cette base, un modèle numérique thermo-élastohydrodynamique a été validé avec précision. Ce dernier a permis d’étudier les écoulements de fluide à l’entrée du contact afin de mettre en évidence leur influence sur le champ d’épaisseur de film. Le modèle numérique a ensuite été amélioré afin de prendre en compte la vraie forme des solides. Il a été validé en épaisseur de film par le banc d’essai Tribogyr, dans des conditions similaires à celles rencontrées dans les vrais roulements. Il a été montré que le cisaillement du fluide est responsable de l’échauffement des solides, qui diminue par suite l’épaisseur de film : ceci souligne la nécessité de modéliser cet échauffement global pour prédire la séparation des surfaces. Par ailleurs, lors de l’étude, le champ de pression et d’épaisseur de film ont perdu leurs symétries à cause de la cinématique et de la forme des solides. Toutefois, le comportement du contact est resté similaire à celui d’un contact elliptique, en dehors de certains cas limites
This thesis is dedicated to the study of torus on plane contacts under various operating conditions. They can be found at the interface between the torus roller-end and the flange in roller bearings. The first challenge of this thesis is to deal with unusual mating geometries. The other challenge is the presence of a complex kinematic which operates in these contacts. In order to further develop the understanding of such a contact, a dual approach (experimental and numerical) is adopted. The Jérotrib test-rig enables a first study, by considering that the élastohydrodynamic torus on plane contact can be modelled by an elliptical equivalent contact. Thanks to a differential colorimetric interferometry method which was improved and adapted during the thesis, precise film thickness measurements are carried out under a rather wide range of operating conditions. A thermo-elastohydrodynamic numerical model is developed and validated by comparing its results to the ones of the test-rig. A numerical study on film forming is then proposed and the role of the contact ellipticity is investigated. The numerical model is improved in order to take into account the actual shape of the solids. A film thickness validation of the model is proposed, thanks to measurements performed on the Tribogyr test-rig. The operating conditions are very similar to the one encountered in actual bearings, and the mating solids have representative geometries: it is an actual torus-on-plane contact. It is demonstrated that the lubricant shearing is responsible for the solids temperature rise, which in its turn, reduces the film thickness. It appears mandatory to be able to predict this global warming of the bodies. It is also demonstrated that the pressure and film thickness distributions lose their symmetry because of the spinning kinematic and the solids shape. However, the behaviour of the torus-on-plane contact appears very similar to the one of an elliptical equivalent contact, apart from some limit cases

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Courbon, Cédric. "Vers une modélisation physique de la coupe des aciers spéciaux : intégration du comportement métallurgique et des phénomènes tribologiques et thermiques aux interfaces." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713527.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

De nos jours, le contexte de mondialisation des marchés impose aux industriels des contraintes économiques sans précédent. Afin de rester concurrentiels, ils n'ont d'autre choix que de modifier leur façon de concevoir et d'innover. Les techniques de production sont directement concernées avec par exemple une volonté de réduire les cycles de mise au point visant à définir les paramètres optimaux de mise en forme. On constate alors l'immersion d'un besoin fort en moyens de support, flexibles et prédictifs, permettant de limiter les campagnes d'essais et de faciliter leur exploitation. La simulation numérique se présente comme un outil pouvant répondre à ces critères. Ce travail s'est inscrit dans une démarche d'amélioration de la modélisation et de la simulation des opérations d'usinage, et à une échelle plus locale, de la modélisation de la coupe des métaux. Il aborde donc un problème complexe, fortement couplé, faisant intervenir mécanique, thermique, tribologie et métallurgie dans des conditions extrêmes. Une première partie expérimentale s'est donc orientée vers une compréhension plus fine des mécanismes de coupe mis en jeu en usinage d'un C45 normalisé et d'un 42CrMo4 trempé revenu. Elle a notamment permis de mettre en évidence, dans les zones de déformation intense, des affinements de grain conséquents, produits par l'activation d'un processus de recristallisation dynamique (DRX). L'inspection des zones de contact outil-matière a également montré les fortes hétérogénéités de contact existantes à l'interface outil-copeau et révélant la formation d'une résistance thermique de contact. Une étude rhéologique des deux nuances s'est appuyée sur des essais de compression dynamique. Menée à haute déformation, elle a permis de reproduire les évolutions microstructurales observées en coupe et d'appréhender leur influence sur la limite d'écoulement des matériaux. Deux modèles de comportement "à base métallurgique" ont été identifiés, présentant une retranscription plus fidèle que les modèles phénoménologiques standards. Des essais tribologiques dédiés ont permis d'extraire des modèles de contact capables de reproduire les phénomènes locaux existants à l'interface outil-matière. L'accent s'est principalement porté sur la thermique de contact au travers de lois de partage variables intégrant la notion de résistance thermique. L'intégralité de ces modèles a enfin été implémentée dans le code de calcul Abaqus© grâce à des développements spécifiques. Une stratégie de modélisation a été mise en place autour d'un modèle de coupe 2D afin de restituer les tendances majeures observées lors de la coupe d'aciers spéciaux. L'association de modèles 2D et 3D à copeau continu, de modèles à copeau segmenté ainsi que de simulations thermiques découplées présente un fort potentiel permettant, à terme, de modéliser une opération d'usinage dans sa globalité.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Kallel, Achraf. "Une modélisation du contact par l'approche mortier : application à la mise en forme." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2173/document.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Cette thèse est située dans le cadre du projet FUI OASIS ayant comme objectif la modélisation d'un processus d'emboutissage optimisé. Le travail consiste essentiellement au développement des algorithmes de contact plus appropriés à ce type de mise en forme. Dans la littérature et pour plusieurs codes de calcul industriels, l'approche NTS (nœud à segment) demeure la plus utilisée pour la résolution d'un problème de contact. Dans certaine configuration, cette méthode présente des insuffisances et un manque de précision. On la remplaçant par l'approche mortier, on arrive à résoudre une gamme assez large de problèmes de contact. La méthode mortier, utilisée au initialement pour un calcul avec décomposition de domaine, a été le centre d'intérêt de plusieurs travaux de recherche pour la modélisation du contact. Dans ce travail, on va regrouper plusieurs méthodes de gestion du contact en les combinant avec l'approche mortier. L'algorithme de résolution, les éléments d'implémentation ainsi quelques exemples de validation présentant une critique des avantages et les limites de chaque techniques sont détaillés dans ce travail afin d'obtenir un support technique pour tous travail ultérieurs avec la méthode mortier. Le principal avantage de la méthode mortier se manifeste dans l'application des conditions de contact sous forme d'intégrale dans l'interface. Bien que cette méthode permette de réduire la différence des contraintes dans l'interface de contact d'un élément à un autre pour obtenir une meilleure continuité de la pression de contact, elle demeure insuffisante dans certaines applications en particulier pour les problèmes en grande déformation. Le lissage des surfaces de contact, qu'on peut appliquer par différentes techniques, présente une solution classique à ce genre de problème en mécanique de contact. L'originalité de ce travail, c'est la combinaison de l'utilisation des courbes B-Spline cubiques pour la description presque exacte de la surface de contact d'un côté avec une formulation avec l'approche mortier pour l'application des conditions de contact d'un autre côté. Cette combinaison forme un duo gagnant permettant de résoudre un problème de contact en grandes déformation. Les termes permettant l'implémentation des différentes techniques de lissage pour la résolution d'un problème de contact sont détaillés. Une attention particulière est accordée au lissage avec les B-Spline Cubiques.Tous les algorithmes détaillés dans ce travail sont implémentés dans un code maison FiEStA. C'est un code de calcul par éléments finis libre en langage C++. Certains développements concernant la loi de comportement hyper-élastique et l'intégralité du module du contact sont développés dans ce travail de thèse
This thesis is situated in the FUI OASIS project which the objective is the modeling of an optimized stamping process. The work mainly involves the development of the most appropriate contact algorithms such formatting. In the literature and several industrial computing codes, the NTS approach (node to segment) remains the most used for the resolution of a contact problem. In certain configuration, this method has shortcomings and a lack of precision. We replacing it with mortar approach, we manage to solve a broad range of contact problems. The mortar method, used for the initial for calculation using domain decomposition, was the focus of several research projects for the modeling of the contact. In this work, we will consolidate multiple contact formulation methods in combination with mortar approach. The resolution algorithm, the elements of implementation and some examples of validation with a review of the advantages and limitations of each technique are detailed in this work in order to get technical support for subsequent work with the mortar method. The main advantage of the mortar method is in the application of the contact conditions in integral form in the interface. Although this method reduces the difference of the stresses in the contact interface of a component to another to obtain a better continuity of the contact pressure, it is still insufficient in some applications, particularly for large deformation problems. The smoothing of contact surfaces, which can be applied by various techniques, presents a classic solution to this problem in mechanical contact. The originality of this work is the combination of using cubic B-Spline curves for the almost exact description of the contact surface on one side with the use of the mortar approach to the application of the contact conditions on the other hand. This combination forms a winning combination for solving a contact problem in large deformation. The terms allowing the implementation of the different smoothing techniques for solving a problem of contact are detailed. Particular attention is paid to smoothing with Cu bic B-Spline. All algorithms detailed in this work are implemented in a house code 'Fiesta'. This is a free finite elements computer code in C ++. Some developments in the law of hyper-elastic behavior and completeness of the contact module are developed in this thesis

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Skedung, Lisa. "Tactile Perception : Role of Friction and Texture." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103916.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Tactile perception is considered an important contributor to the overall consumer experience of a product. However, what physical properties that create the specifics of tactile perception, are still not completely understood. This thesis has researched how many dimensions that are required to differentiate the surfaces perceptually, and then tried to explain these dimensions in terms of physical properties, by interconnecting human perception measurements with various physical measurements. The tactile perception was assessed by multidimensional scaling or magnitude estimation, in which methods human participants assign numbers to how similar pairs of surfaces are perceived or to the relative quantity of a specified perceptual attribute, such as softness, smoothness, coarseness and coolness. The role of friction and surface texture in tactile perception was investigated in particular detail, because typically tactile exploration involves moving (at least) one finger over a textured surface. A tactile approach for measuring friction was developed by means of moving a finger over the surfaces, mounted on a force sensor. The contribution of finger friction to tactile perception was investigated for surfaces of printing papers and tissue papers, as well as for model surfaces with controlled topography. The overarching research goal of this thesis was to study, systematically, the role of texture in tactile perception of surfaces. The model surfaces displayed a sinusoidal texture with a characteristic wavelength and amplitude, fabricated by surface wrinkling and replica molding techniques. A library of surfaces was manufactured, ranging in wavelengths from 270 nm up to 100 µm and in amplitudes from 7 nm up to 6 µm. These surfaces were rigid and cleanable and could therefore be reused among the participants. To my knowledge, this is the first time in a psychophysical experiment, that the surface texture has been controlled over several orders of magnitude in length scale, without simultaneously changing other material properties of the stimuli. The finger friction coefficient was found to decrease with increasing aspect ratio (amplitude/wavelength) of the model surfaces and also with increasing average surface roughness of the printing papers. Analytical modeling of the finger’s interaction with the model surfaces shows how the friction coefficient increases with the real contact area, and that the friction mechanism is the same on both the nanoscale and microscale. The same interaction mechanism also explains the friction characteristics of tissue paper. Furthermore, it was found that the perceptions of smoothness, coarseness, coolness and dryness are satisfactorily related to the real contact area at the finger-surface interface. It is shown that it is possible to discern perceptually among both printing papers and tissue papers, and this differentiation is based on either two or three underlying dimensions. Rough/smooth and thin/thick were the two main dimensions of surface feel found for the printing papers, whereas friction and wavelength were strongly related to the perceptual cues employed in scaling the model surfaces. These experimental results support the duplex theory of texture perception, which holds that both a “spatial sense”; used to discriminate the roughest textures from the others, and a “vibration sense”; used to discriminate among the smoother textures, are involved. The perception of what is considered rough and smooth depends on the experimental stimulus context. It is concluded that friction is important for human differentiation of surface textures below about 10 µm in surface roughness, and for larger surface textures, friction is less important or can even be neglected. The finger friction experiments also allowed the following conclusions to be drawn: (i) The interindividual variation in friction coefficients is too large to allow direct comparison; however, the trends in relative friction coefficients for a group of participants are the same. (ii) Lipids are transferred to the test surface of study, and this lowers the friction. (iii) Many of the studies point to a characteristic frequency during sliding of about 30 Hz, which is both characteristic of the resonance frequency of skin and the expected frequency associated with the fingerprints. (iv) The applied load in surface interrogation is in fact regulated in response to the friction force. The limits in tactile perception were indirectly researched by similarity scaling experiments on the model surfaces. Wrinkle wavelengths of 760 nm and 870 nm could be discriminated from untextured reference surfaces, whereas 270 nm could not. The amplitude of the wrinkles so discriminated was approximately 10 nm, suggesting that nanotechnology may well have a role to play in haptics and tactile perception.
Taktil perception bidrar starkt till den sammantagna upplevelsen av en produkt, men hur materials olika ytegenskaper påverkar och styr perceptionen är ännu inte helt klart. Den här avhandlingen undersöker hur många och vilka egenskaper som är viktiga när känslan mellan två ytor jämförs. Tillvägagångssättet är tvärvetenskapligt där fysikaliska mätningar kopplas ihop med perceptions mätningar där människor används som instrument. Två typer av perceptionsförsök har utförts, multidimensionell skalning där försökspersoner sätter siffror på hur lika två ytor känns, samt magnitud estimation där i stället intensiteten på specifika perceptuella storheter som t.ex. upplevt lenhet, upplevd mjukhet och upplevd strävhet bedömdes. Eftersom taktil perception innebär kontakt samt relativ rörelse mellan hud och ytor, har fokus i avhandlingen varit att undersöka hur friktion och ytans struktur (ytråhet) påverkar och bidrar till den taktila perceptionen. Förutom fysikaliska mätningar på friktion och ytstruktur har värmekonduktivitet, mjukhet samt olika standard mätningar inom pappersindustrin mätts. En metod för att mäta friktion mellan ett finger och olika ytor har utvecklats för att i möjligaste mån återspegla friktionskomponenten i upplevt taktil perception. Friktionskoefficienter beräknades och jämfördes mellan alla ytor. De stimuli som har studerats är tryckpapper och mjukpapper samt modellytor, gjorda för att systematiskt undersöka hur ytstruktur påverkar perceptionen. Tillverkningsmetoden för modellytorna valdes så att ytorna var tåliga och kunde tvättas och därmed återanvändas. Strukturen på ytorna bestod av ett vågformat mönster där våglängden varierade mellan 270 nm och 100 µm och amplituden mellan 7 nm och 6 µm. Enligt vår vetskap är det första gången som strukturer i de här skalorna har gjorts utan att samtidigt ändra andra material egenskaper. Friktionskoefficienten minskade med ökad kvot mellan amplituden och våglängden på modellytorna samt med ytråheten på tryckpappren. En analytisk modell tillämpades på kontakten mellan ett finger och ytorna som visade att friktionskoefficienten beror av den verkliga kontaktarean. För de mycket grövre mjukpappren uppmättes inga stora skillnader i friktion förmodligen för att kontakarean mellan de olika mjukpapprena var lika. Den faktiska kontakarean visade sig också vara viktig för perceptionen av lenhet, strävhet, torrhet och svalhet. Det visade sig vara en stor perceptuell skillnad mellan olika typer av tryckpapper och mjukpapper utifrån hur stimuli placerade sig på en taktil karta. För de tre materialen användes enbart två alternativt tre egenskaper hos materialet för att särskilja mellan alla olika par. För tryckpapper verkade en viktig dimension kunna beskrivas av alla de perceptuella och fysikaliska egenskaper som har med kontaktarean att göra, d.v.s. lenhet, svalhet, torrhet, ytråhet, värmekonduktivitet samt friktion. För att taktilt särskilja mellan olika ytor där bara strukturen är varierade, kunde friktion och våglängden relateras till spridningen i kartan. Båda studierna stödjer duplex theory of texture perception, där ett spatialt sinne används för att särskilja en av de grövre ytorna från en slät, och ett vibrationssinne för att särskilja mellan olika släta strukturer. Friktionen visade sig alltså vara en viktig fysikalisk egenskap för strukturer under åtminstone 10 µm i ytråhet. Från fingerfriktions mätningar kunde även följande slutsatser dras: (i) Stora skillnader i friktionskoefficient mellan olika personer uppmättes, men trenderna mellan olika individer var samma, vilket gör att relativa skillnader i friktion från en individ är representativa. (ii) Lipider (fingerfett) som överförs från fingret till ytan vid kontakt sänker friktionen. (iii) Frekvensinnehållet i friktionskraften varierar mellan olika ytor och den frekvenstopp som ses vid 30 Hz kan möjligtvis bero på fingrets struktur eller resonansfrekvensen på huden. (iv) Den pålagda kraften under en friktionsmätning visar sig omedvetet regleras av den friktionskraft som fingret möter under rörelse. Hur små strukturer som kan diskrimineras har indirekt undersökts genom likhetsförsöket på modellytorna där försökspersoner skulle bedöma hur lika alla par av ytor kändes. Resultaten visade att ytorna med våglängder på 760 nm och 870 nm upplevdes olika jämfört med referens ytor utan något systematiskt mönster, medan ytan med 270 nm i våglängd inte kunde särskiljas. Amplituden på ytan som kunde diskrimineras var endast ca 10 nm, vilket indikerar att nanoteknologi mycket väl kan bidra inom haptiken och för att i framtiden kontrollera den taktila perceptionen.

QC 20121026

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Bonniot, Thomas. "Fatigue crack growth under non-proportional mixed-mode loading in rail steel : From experiment to simulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX096/document.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Les rails de Chemins de fer sont soumis à de la fatigue de roulement due au passage répété des roues de train, ce qui induit différents types de fissures, telles que les Squats. Ces fissures sont soumises à un chargement de mode mixte non-proportionnel I + II + III, dans des proportions variables le long du front, avec des phases de compression, ce qui rend la prédiction de leur trajet et de leur vitesse délicate.La cinétique de fissuration en mode I a été déterminée dans de l’acier à rail R260, pour des rapports R positifs et négatifs, ainsi que la cinétique de mode mixte II & III corrigée des effets de frottement. Les Facteurs d’Intensité des Contraintes (FICs) effectifs ont été obtenus à partir des sauts de déplacements dans le plan et hors plan mesurés en surface, le long de la fissure. De ces lois cinétiques, il ressort que ni le mode I seul, ni les modes de cisaillement seuls ne peuvent expliquer la fissuration des rails. C’est donc la combinaison des trois modes, suivant des trajets de chargement complexes, qui en est responsable.Des essais de fissuration par fatigue en mode mixte non-proportionnel I + II ont ensuite été réalisés, suivant des trajets de chargement représentatifs de ceux subis par les squats. La stéréo corrélation d’images a été utilisée pour obtenir les champs de déplacements en pointe de fissure. Les méthodes classiques de mesure des FICs à partir de champs de déplacements n’étant pas adaptées, du fait des efforts de contact et frottement entre les lèvres de fissure, de nouvelles méthodes ont été développées. Les trajets et vitesses de fissuration ont été étudiés au regard de ces FICs effectifs. Il apparait que la prédiction du trajet à partir du critère de la contrainte tangentielle maximale n’est pas très fiable, mais peut être améliorée par la prise en compte de la plasticité en pointe de fissure ainsi que des efforts de contact/frottement entre les lèvres de fissure. Les vitesses de propagation obtenues se corrélèrent bien avec une combinaison des trois FICs effectifs dans une loi de type « Paris ».De ces essais, il ressort que du fait de la rugosité de la fissure, l’enchevêtrement d’aspérités et le frottement réduisent considérablement les FICs effectifs. Et cela même en l’absence de compression normale, ce qui ne peut être modélisé par une simple loi de Coulomb. De plus, l’usure des lèvres de fissure a aussi une forte influence sur les FICs effectifs. Le challenge pour les applications structurelles est donc non seulement de choisir le critère de bifurcation et la loi cinétique les plus appropriés, mais également de prendre en compte la rugosité et l’usure des lèvres de fissure, afin d’estimer correctement les FICs effectifs à utiliser dans ces modèles.Pour les applications industrielles, une approche d’ingénieur, simplifiée, a été proposée afin de prendre en compte le frottement induit par la rugosité dans l’estimation des trajets de chargements effectifs à partir des trajets nominaux. Cette approche a été validée sur des essais de mode mixte séquentiel I + II & III
Rails are submitted to Rolling Contact Fatigue due to repeated passages of train wheels, which induces several types of cracks, such as Squat-type cracks. Those cracks undergo non-proportional mixed-mode I + II + III loading, including compression phases, in variable proportions along the crack front, making the prediction of their paths and growth rates a challenge.Mode I crack growth kinetics, for positive and negative R ratios, were first determined in R260 steel, as well as friction-corrected crack growth kinetics for fully-reversed combined mode II and III. The effective Stress Intensity Factors (SIFs) were deduced from the measured in-plane and out-of-plane crack face sliding displacements. From those kinetic laws, it was deduced that neither pure mode I, nor pure shear mode loadings can explain the crack growth rates observed in rails. A combination of those three loading modes, according to complex loading paths had thus to be prospected.Non-proportional mixed-mode I + II fatigue crack growth tests were then performed, following representative loading paths. Stereo digital image correlation was used to measure the near-tip displacement field. Post-treatment methods generally used to deduce the effective SIFs from these fields were inappropriate because of contact and friction stresses along the crack face. New methods were thus developed. The crack paths and growth rates were analyzed, using the effective SIFs. Crack path prediction by the maximum tangential stress criterion was found not to be very reliable, but substantially improved when crack tip plasticity and the presence of contact and friction stresses along the crack faces were taken into account. The measured crack growth rates correlated well with a combination of the three effective SIFs in a Paris-type law.From these experiments, it appears that due to crack face roughness, asperities interlocking and friction substantially reduce the effective SIFs, even without any normal compression, which cannot be captured by a simple Coulomb’s law. Besides, crack faces wear also has a large influence on the effective SIFs. The challenge for structural applications is thus not only to choose the most appropriate bifurcation criterion and crack growth law, but also to take crack face roughness and wear into account, in order to estimate the correct effective SIFS to use in these models.For industrial applications, a simple engineering approach was proposed to integrate roughness-induced friction in the estimation of the effective loading path from the nominal one. This approach was validated on sequential mixed-mode I + II & III experiments

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Abdi, Adel. "Efficient Winter Road Maintenance : A Study of Technical and Contractual Issues." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141945.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Since ancient times, roads have tied people and cultures together. Roads have been createdwith the aim of facilitating trade and cultural exchange among different regions in the world. After the technologic development in vehicle industry and dramatically increase of motoring in the world during the past century road communication has gained a great importance for transporting people and goods. Thus, good safety and accessibility on roads all year round is now a vital necessity for a healthy economy in all modern societies. In order to keep roads safe, available for use with high transport quality they need to be maintained in real time. One of the most difficult tasks in this context is to keep the roads in good condition and accessible even during winter. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to attempt to specify the most efficient ways of executing winter road maintenance. The preliminary issue in this context is whether it is the use of current assistive tools, that is, technical aspects that should be optimized and developed or whether it is the way in which winter maintenance services are procured and outsourced, that is, contractual aspects that should be improved which could give the optimal impact for both clients and contractors and make winter road maintenance more effective, or both issues. In order to define the outline of the research project a comprehensive state of the art survey was initiated with the intention of collecting and gaining insights into the earlier studies in the research area. Three basic areas associated with the performance of winter road maintenance were considered to be most relevant for review due to the anchorage between the areas. The selected areas were climatological, technical and contractual aspects. The literature review was followed by an electronic questionnaire survey. The results of the study in this stage showed that current technical methods almost functioned in a reasonable manner but there was an imprecise dissatisfaction with the current maintenance contract. The second stage of the research consisted of a number of additional empirical investigations in order to identify contractual problematic issues behind the current winter road maintenance in Sweden. Generally, those factors that are rarely considered as potential underlying causes to costly performance of winter road maintenance in Sweden were studied in this research project for example improper use of related technical assistive tools, procurement of improper bundled winter services and inappropriate contract structure. This thesis consists of six papers, five of which are related to each other, and the first one is completely independent but within research area. Findings in the thesis contributes to extend understanding about; how designing appropriate contracts can improve winter road maintenance, how proper use of assistive tools can reduce unnecessary winter road maintenance costs and minimize road traffic disruptions and delays, how a partnering structure in contracts can create confidence and trust between clients and contractors that in turn leads to minimizing or eliminating conflicts and disputes between parties involved, how choice of appropriate procurement methods through proper bundling of winter road services can contribute to shorten the procurement process and create incentives for contractors, and how selection of proper payment mechanisms can contribute to higher service quality of performed winter road measures. Additionally, an adequate knowledge and understanding of climate, proper knowledge of road weather and its impact on winter road traffic is essential for contribution of better planning of how to maintain the road network during winter. Since understanding about winter issues and its effect on winter road traffic is far from complete and winter road maintenance in the cold regions is a similar challenge, broad and complex, the results of this research may even contribute to improving winter maintenance problems in the countries with severe winters like Sweden.

QC 20140227

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Inglot, Agnieszka, and Oskar Franzén. "PREVENTION OF WHEEL WEAR, A CASE STUDY : Developing a functioning wheel profile for rail-mounted transportation trolley." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17695.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This bachelor’s degree project aimed to improve the wheel profile of a rail mounted trolley and determine the cause of wheel failure. The proceedings of this project where modelled after an approach for solving wear problems with an emphasis on designing for sustainability. A case study and root cause analysis (RCA) was performed and the flanged wheels were deemed insufficient for the given heavy-haul system. Possible areas of wheel profile improvement were identified and further researched with multiple literature reviews. Throughout the projects duration several limitations were introduced that reduced the concept testing to exclusively theoretical prediction models. Archard’s model was implemented to predict wear and operating time for the proposed material and wheel tread profile concepts. The wheel flange dimensions were chosen based on recommendations from wheel and rail interference handbooks among other sources. The final wheel and rail profile suggestion improved operating time by approximately 300% and wear resistance by 50% compared to its predecessor. This result was achieved by applying the same theoretical prediction model to both current and suggested profiles. The findings of this project are meant to aid SCA among others in similar cases and additionally highlight the value of product improvement from a technological, sociological, and environmental perspective.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Jbily, Dalia. "Prise en compte de l’usure dans la modélisation du comportement sous charge des engrenages roues et vis tangentes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI037/document.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Les engrenages roues et vis sans fin sont une solution avantageuse pour transmettre le couple entre des axes perpendiculaires non concourants. Ces engrenages offrent une solution simple et efficace en terme de coût dans les applications de transmission de puissance, où un grand rapport de réduction est nécessaire, en comparaison avec les engrenages classiques à axes parallèles qui nécessitent normalement deux ou trois étapes pour obtenir les mêmes réductions avec une augmentation conséquente de complexité et du nombre de pièces. L’usure de surface est un des modes de défaillance observés dans la vie des engrenages roues et vis sans fin qui influe sur la portée de contact, les caractéristiques de transmission et le bruit résultant. La première étape de ces travaux est la mise au point d’un modèle numérique pour étudier le comportement quasi statique des engrenages roues et vis sans fin avec une roue en bronze et une vis en acier. Le modèle est basé sur la résolution des équations de compatibilité des déplacements ainsi que sur la méthode des coefficients d’influence. Les effets globaux de flexion et les effets locaux de contact ont été séparés. Les effets de contact ont été obtenus par la théorie de Boussinesq. Les coefficients de flexion sont estimés par la combinaison d’un calcul Éléments Finis et des fonctions d’interpolation, permettant d’une part de prendre en compte l’environnement de l'engrenage (la géométrie des arbres, des jantes et des voiles, l’emplacement des roulements,...) et d’autre part de réduire significativement les temps de calculs. Dans une seconde étape, une méthodologie est proposée pour modéliser l’usure de la surface de dent de la roue. Le modèle de contact quasi-statique de la répartition des charges est combiné avec un modèle d’usure d’Archard. Ce modèle suppose que la profondeur d’usure est directement proportionnelle à la pression de contact et à la distance de glissement et inversement proportionnelle à la dureté du matériau. Cette loi d’usure est modifiée pour prendre en compte l’influence des conditions de lubrification en utilisant un coefficient d’usure local, dépendant de l’épaisseur du film lubrifiant, rapportée à l’amplitude des rugosités des surfaces. L’enlèvement de matière par l’usure du flanc de la roue influe sur la répartition des pressions et donc les modifications de la géométrie des dents doivent être incluses dans la prédiction de l’usure. Le calcul des pressions de contact est ainsi mis à jour pour tenir compte des changements de géométrie. Enfin, pour valider le modèle développé des comparaisons du modèle avec des résultats expérimentaux issus de la bibliographie ont été effectuées
Worm gears are one of the technical devices for transmitting torque between spatial crossed axes. They provide a simple and cost effective solution in power transmission applications, where a high reduction ratio is required. Comparable conventional parallel axis gearing would normally require two or three stages to achieve the same reduction, with a consequent increase in complexity and number of parts. Surface wear is one of the failure modes observed in life worm gear sets which affects the contact patterns, the other transmission characteristics and the resultant noise. The first step of this work is the development of a numerical model to study provide the quasi-static behavior of worm gears with bronze wheel and steel worm. The model is based on solving of the equation of displacement compatibility and the influence coefficient method. The global effects of bending and local effects of contact are separated. The contact effects are obtained with the theory of Boussinesq. Bending effects are estimated by the combination of one standard FEM computation and interpolation functions. These methods allow, on the one hand, to take into account the environment of the gear (shaft shape, rim, web, bearing location ...) and on the other to reduce significantly the computation time. In a second step, a methodology is proposed for predicting the wear of the wheel tooth surface. In this process, a quasi-static contact model of the load distribution is combined with Archard's wear model. This model assumes that the wear depth is directly proportional to the contact pressure and sliding distance and inversely proportional to the hardness of the material. The wear law is modified to take into account the influence of the lubrication conditions using a local wear coefficient, depending on the lubricant film thickness, relative to the amplitude of surface roughness. Removal of material by wear on the wheel flank affects the pressure distribution, therefore the changes in teeth must be included in the prediction of wear. The calculation of contact pressures must also be updated to take into account the modification of the gear flank geometry. The last step concerns the validation of the numerical. Comparisons have been carried out between the model results and experimental ones issued from the bibliography

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Vermot, Des Roches Guillaume. "Simulation fréquentielle et temporelle du crissement. Application à la conception de freins automobiles industriels." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589951.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Le crissement de frein est une nuisance sonore classique dans l'automobile. L'augmentation des coeﬃcients de friction et la réduction de la masse mènent aujourd'hui à de hauts niveaux vibratoires dans les fréquences auditives, et ces problèmes de qualité se traduisent par des pénalités économiques aux équipementiers, bien qu'il n'existe pas de méthode robuste de conception. La pratique industrielle repose donc sur de coûteuses phases de prototypage et d'ajustement. L'évolution de la puissance de calcul permet le calcul de grands assemblages mécaniques mais les études vibratoires non-linéaires restent généralement hors de portée. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de la thèse est de fournir, dès les phases de conception, des outils de conception numérique d'aide à la résolution du crissement. Une méthode de réduction paramétrée utilisant comme base de Rayleigh-Ritz les modes réels du système assemblé permet la génération de modèles réduits très compacts, avec modes réels exacts. La méthode proposée d'ajustement des modes de composants utilise les modes libres de composants comme degrés de liberté explicites. L'étude des sensibilités et la réanalyse d'un assemblage en fonction de modiﬁcations à l'échelle d'un composant deviennent possibles. Les études temporelles non-linéaires sont rendues possibles par deux développements. Un schéma de Newmark non-linéaire modiﬁé et un Jacobien ﬁxe adapté aux vibrations de contact sont introduits. Le frein est réduit en un superélément avec modes réels exacts et une zone non réduite au niveau du contact. Un ensemble d'outils de conception est illustré sur un modèle industriel de frein. La stabilité instantanée et les trajectoires de modes complexes sont étudiées. Les interactions modales et les phénomènes non-linéaires au sein des cycles limites sont alors mieux compris. Des corrélations temps/fréquence sont obtenues par l'identiﬁcation modale instantanée et une décomposition espace-temps. La grande utilité d'un modèle temporel d'amortissement modal est illustrée. Enﬁn, la modiﬁcation d'un composant critique au crissement est testée et validée.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Kozáková, Marcela. "Ověření spolupůsobení základové desky a piloty." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390244.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The doctoral thesis deal with the interaction between the foundation plate and deep foundation in the form of bored piles in the case of skeleton construction. The issue of tension redistribution from the column between the plate and the pile is investigated on specific object – „Shopping and entertainment center Fórum Nová Karolina”. On this object were selected columns monitored and load tests of the piles was executed. Values of the axial loading of the piles and the actual deformation of the construction have been derived from measurements and tests. They were compared with the results of structural behavior by numerical modeling.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Boos, Michael. "Validation of Volumetric Contact Dynamics Models." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5920.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

A volumetric contact dynamics model has been proposed by Gonthier et al. [1, 2, 3] for the purpose of rapidly generating reliable simulations of space-based manipulator contact dynamics. By assuming materials behave as a Winkler elastic foundation model, forces and moments between two bodies in contact can be expressed in terms of the volume of interference between the undeformed geometries of the bodies. Friction between bodies is modelled by a dwell-time dependent bristle model for both tangential friction, and spinning friction torque. This volumetric model has a number of advantages. Unlike point-contact models, it allows for the modelling of contact between complex geometries and scenarios where the contact surface is relatively large, while being less computationally expensive than finite element methods. Rolling resistance is included in the model through damping effects across the volume of interference. The friction model accounts for dwell-time dependent slip-stick effects, spinning friction torque, and the Contensou effect. In this thesis, an experimental validation of the volumetric contact model is presented for the first time. Models for simple geometries in contact (e.g. cylinder-on-plane, sphere-on-plane) have been developed for stationary contact and for contact with motion normal and tangential to the contact surface. Tangential motion is modelled with pure translation, pure rotation about the normal axis, and combined motion, in order to separately consider friction forces, spinning friction torque, and the Contensou effect, respectively. An apparatus has been developed to experimentally validate these models for metal-on-metal contact. The apparatus has two configurations, one for validating the normal contact models and the other for the friction models. Experimental measurements of forces and displacements are used to identify model parameters (e.g. volumetric stiffness, friction coefficients, etc.). For normal force experiments, modelling the contact forces as proportional to volume of interference was found to be a reasonable approximation. A Hertzian model was compared with the volumetric model for spherical payloads loaded quasi-statically. Using stiffnesses estimated from spherical experiments, small misalignments of the cylindrical payloads were estimated that corresponded well with measured results. Dynamic experiments suggest an inverse relationship between impact velocity and the hysteretic damping coefficient. The high normal forces applied in the friction experiments were found to create significant wear on the contact surfaces. Coefficients of friction between titanium and aluminum were found to be consistent translationally and rotationally. Friction forces from combined translation and rotation demonstrate that the Contensou effect is accurately described by the volumetric contact model.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

TONAZZI, DAVIDE. "Macroscopic frictional contact scenarios and local contact dynamics: at the origins of “macroscopic stick-slip”, mode coupling instabilities and stable continuous sliding." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/863973.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Local contact behavior and its interaction with the global dynamics of the system are at the origin of innumerable contact issues concerning several different disciplines like tribology, geophysics, vibration mechanics or fracture mechanics. When two elastic media are in relative motion with a frictional interface, friction induced vibrations arise into the system. By a macroscopic point of view, the “macroscopic stick-slip” scenario occurring during relative motion is characterized by sudden friction force drops (sliding state) along the time, separated by periods of elastic energy accumulation (stick state). Instead, the mode dynamic instability occurs when a vibration mode of the mechanical system becomes unstable, due to frictional contact forces. This kind of instabilities, generated by frictional forces, have been mainly object of papers dealing with specific issues in different domains such as brake squeal, hip endoprosthesis squeaking, wheel-rail vibrations, earthquakes, etc. In this context, experimental and numerical analyses have been focused here on understanding how the local interface behavior affects the macroscopic frictional response of the system, and, conversely, during instability scenarios. The macroscopic frictional scenarios (macroscopic stick-slip instability, mode coupling instability, stable continuous sliding) arising between two simple elastic media in relative motion have been investigated numerically and experimentally. A newer experimental setup (TRIBOWAVE) has been developed and it allowed to reproduce and to investigate the different scenarios under well-controlled boundary conditions. The same frictional scenarios have been reproduced by transient numerical simulations. A dedicated friction law as a function of adherence (sticking) time has been recovered by means of experimental tests. The obtained friction law has been implemented in the numerical model, leading to a quantitative validation of the simulated scenarios by the experiments. Nonlinear transient simulations, complex eigenvalue analyses and experimental tests allowed for drawing instability maps as a function of system key parameters. The numerical model, validated by the comparison with the experimental global measurements (forces, accelerations/velocity), allowed for investigating the coupling between the local contact behavior (contact status distribution, wave and rupture propagation, precursors) and the system dynamic response during macroscopic stick-slip instability, mode coupling instability and stable continuous sliding. The understanding of the coupling between contact and system dynamics will bring to further improvements on the control of contact instabilities and related wear issues.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Дисертації з теми "Frictional contact model"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями