Статті в журналах: "French movement"

1

Neveu, Erik. "Trend Report: The Contentious French." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 7, no. 3 (October 1, 2002): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.7.3.884q162027u25668.

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Anglophone scholars often miss the important contributions to social movement studies by French researchers. This is especially true since the early nineties when numerous books and articles presented findings that are highly relevant to the international community of social movement researchers. Although the variety of fieldwork, topics, and approaches challenges efforts to synthesize, this report organizes recent trends in French social movement research by four thematic groupings: (1) the question of violence—its demise as a repertoire and the "civilizing of policing"; (2) changes in activism and militant behaviors—which focuses on new styles of commitment; (3) new social movements—referring less to a perspective than to movement types, such as immigrant, expert, and transnational movements; and (4) the biographical turn—a shift toward the subjective and "micro" dimensions of ideologies, life stories, and lived experiences.

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2

Authier, J. Marc, and Lisa A. Reed. "French Tough-movement revisited." Probus 21, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prbs.2009.001.

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3

De Cat, Cécile. "French dislocation without movement." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 25, no. 3 (October 23, 2007): 485–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-007-9023-z.

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4

Baudchon, Gerard P. "Movement in the French Pacific: Recent Situation and Prospects." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 2 (June 1992): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100207.

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Population movements in the French Pacific territories (French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna) are discussed. The local government of French Polynesia and the French authorities have tried since the beginning of the 1980s to prevent migration to Tahiti by retaining the population on the outer islands and by encouraging return migration. In New Caledonia, though the internal migration problem has been overshadowed by political turmoil, the 1988 Matignon Agreement addresses regional development and migration. The future of movement in the French Pacific is partly linked to the political status and economic prosperity of each territory because the actual policies are very expensive and cannot be maintained without external financial assistance.

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5

Holland, Michael. "Translating Mouvement, Translating Movement." Paragraph 43, no. 1 (March 2020): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2020.0322.

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A particular problem arises for the translator when a word has no equivalent in the target language, because what it refers to is something that the speakers of that language simply do not think. The French term mouvement is a case in point. All French dictionaries give prominence to a definition of the term which relates it to impulse, sentiment and passion and characterizes it positively as a ‘sign of life’. By contrast, although the OED records that movement may refer to ‘a “moving” of the mind’, ‘an impulse of desire or aversion’, it defines this usage as now obsolete. The article begins by tracing the problem as it arose during the translation of some of Maurice Blanchot's early writings, before going on to show that, in Blanchot's use of it, the term mouvement eventually parts company with all of its received meaning in French, and refers to the movement whereby language itself becomes writing when image is allowed priority over rational thought. From having been a problem, therefore, the interruption of exchange between French and English for the translator of mouvement foregrounds translation itself as the site of an original mode of writing.

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6

Vincent, Anne. "The "French Doctors' Movement" and Beyond." Health and Human Rights 2, no. 1 (1996): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065233.

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7

Ayoun, Dalila. "Verb movement in French L2 acquisition." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2, no. 2 (August 1999): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672899900022x.

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This study investigates the acquisition of verb movement phenomena in the interlanguage of English native speakers learning French as a second language. Participants (n=83), who were enrolled in three different classes, were given a grammaticality judgment task and a production task. The French native speakers' results (n=85) go against certain theoretical predictions for negation and adverb placement in nonfinite contexts, as well as for quantification at a distance. The production task results, but not the grammaticality judgment results, support the hypothesis that the effects of parameter resetting successfully appear in the interlanguage of adult L2 learners.

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8

Wall, Irwin M. "The French Workers' Movement since 1945." International Labor and Working-Class History 29 (1986): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900000569.

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9

Zhu, Yifan. "The Influence of the French New Wave Movement on Contemporary World Art Film Creation." Communications in Humanities Research 3, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/3/20220555.

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The French New Wave is one of the three major aesthetic movements in the world film history. The "New Wave" films shocked the world, causing the "New Wave" film movements in America, Europe, Asia and other countries to emerge one after another, triggering a worldwide film aesthetic revolution. The French "New Wave" has a profound impact on modern films. This paper focuses on grasping the emergence, development, prosperity and decline of the French "New Wave" film aesthetics, paying attention to live broadcast and process documentaries, analyzing the artistic skills of the New Wave film to shape characters, effectively summarizing the influence of the French New Wave movement on contemporary world artistic film creation, so as to find out some rules of film development and provide a necessary reference system for contemporary world film art creation, And explore the development direction of Chinese film in the future.

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10

Williams, Gwyn. "Cosmopolitanism and the French Anti-GM Movement." Nature and Culture 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2008.030108.

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This paper explores the rights-based cosmopolitanism of French anti-GM activists and their challenge to the neoliberal cosmopolitanism of the World Trade Organization and multinational corporations. Activists argue that genetic modification, patents, and WTO-brokered free trade agreements are the means by which multinationals deny people fundamental rights and seek to dominate global agriculture. Through forms of protest, which include cutting down field trials of genetically modified crops, activists resist this agenda of domination and champion the rights of farmers and nations to opt out of the global agricultural model promoted by biotechnology companies. In so doing, they defend the local. This defense, however, is based on a cosmopolitan discourse of fundamental rights and the common good. I argue that activists' cosmopolitan perspective does not transcend the local but is intimately related to a particular understanding of it.

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11

Mazur, Amy G. "DRAWING LESSONS FROM THE FRENCH PARITY MOVEMENT." Contemporary French Civilization 25, no. 2 (October 2001): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/cfc.2001.25.2.004.

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12

Pasquereau, Jérémy. "French polar response particles and neg movement." Natural Language Semantics 28, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 255–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11050-020-09164-w.

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AbstractI present new data from European French involving embedded polar response particles (a.k.a. yes/no particles) in response to negative questions and develop a novel proposal which integrates the insights of previous analyses (e.g. Holmberg in Lingua 128:31–50, 2013; Roelofsen and Farkas in Language 91(2):359–414, 2015). The main puzzle has to do with the interpretation of non ‘no’ (bare or followed by a clause), which may assert its antecedent or the negation of its antecedent. It is shown that the meaning of non-responses varies as a function of the scope of negation with respect to various operators in its antecedent. Polar response particles in French are analyzed as the spell-out of a Polarity head which has moved from a lower position. The various interpretations of polar response particles are modelled as being constrained by the interaction between the necessity of the movement of the Polarity head and a constraint on scope preservation. The ramifications of this proposal for related phenomena (e.g. ‘low negation’ in English, N-word responses) are then discussed.

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13

Bošković, Željko. "On Multiple Wh-Fronting." Linguistic Inquiry 33, no. 3 (July 2002): 351–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438902760168536.

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I show that multiple wh-fronting languages (MWFL) do not behave uniformly regarding wh-movement and eliminate MWFL from the crosslinguistic typology concerning wh-movement in multiple questions. Regarding when they have wh-movement, MWFL behave like non-MWFL: some behave like English (they always have wh-movement), some like Chinese (they never have it), and some like French (they have it optionally although, as in French, wh-movement is sometimes required). MWFL differ from English, Chinese, and French in that in MWFL even wh-phrases that do not undergo wh-movement still must front for an independent reason, argued to involve focus. The fronting has several exceptions (semantic, phonological, and syntactic in nature), explanation for which leads me to posit a new type of in-situ wh-phrase and argue for the possibility of pronunciation of lower copies of chains.

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14

Valois, Daniel. "On the Structure of the French DP." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 41, no. 4 (December 1996): 349–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100016613.

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AbstractThis paper discusses and expands upon various ideas concerning the structure of nominals in general (DPs) and of French nominals in particular, with the underlying idea that CP and DP have parallel argumental and functional structure. The main topics discussed are: (i) the projection of arguments in French and English; (ii) the parameterization of N-movement, which accounts for some word order differences between French and English; (iii) the distribution of adjectives in event nominals, which reflects that of adverbs in clauses in both French and English; (iv) a peculiar case of rightward movement out of DP that provides further evidence for N-movement as well as for the claim concerning the prohibition on right adjunction of genitive nominals within DP; and (v) extraction facts that are a consequence of the status of [Spec, DP] as an A′-position in French.

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15

Mitrofanov, Andrey. "The Barbet Movement in the Times of the French Revolution: Peasants, Counter-Revolutionaries, Bandits?" ISTORIYA 12, no. 7 (105) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015439-1.

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During the French Revolution, an anti-French rebel movement, known as the barbets, took place at the territories of the County of Nice and Piedmont. Barbets were the forerunners of the Italian Insorgenze of 1796—1814. At the territories where the barbets units operated, the power of the new French administration was weak, the roads were unsafe, robbery and smuggling flourished. From time to time, small and large uprisings broke out in rural communes and cities in the region. The Nice region and part of Piedmont were in a state of permanent civil war, which in the official French discourse was called “banditisme” or “brigandage”. The rise of the Barbet movement was in 1796—1800. Only at the time of the Consulate the French government managed to partially eliminate this threat to order and civil peace. The author of the article, based on archive sources and newest historiography, presents a new view on the barbet movement, paying a special attention to clan conflicts among rioters and the social composition of this popular movement in general.

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16

WALRAVEN, KLAAS VAN. "DECOLONIZATION BY REFERENDUM: THE ANOMALY OF NIGER AND THE FALL OF SAWABA, 1958–1959." Journal of African History 50, no. 2 (July 2009): 269–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853709990053.

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ABSTRACTThis article deals with the 1958 referendum that the French held in Niger to gain approval for the Fifth Republic and reorganization of their empire. It reassesses the French record in Niger, where more people voted ‘No’ – in favour of immediate independence – than in other territories, except Guinea. It does this on the basis of research on the history of the Sawaba movement, which led Niger's autonomous government until the plebisicite. It shows that the French forcibly intervened in the referendum to realize a ‘Yes’ vote and preserve Niger for their sphere of influence after independence in 1960. In detailing the violence and manipulation of the referendum and its aftermath, the article criticizes a revisionist viewpoint which disputed the significance of French intervention. The analysis draws on research on the Sawaba movement, benefiting from insights of social history into the grassroots forces in the nationalist movements of the 1950s. It discusses the historiography of Niger's referendum in relation to new archival sources and memoirs, drawing parallels with other territories, notably Guinea. It concludes that France's interventions in 1958 are crucial for understanding the long-term consequences of the transformations of the independence era.

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17

DE LEÓN RODRÍGUEZ, DIEGO, KARIN A. BUETLER, NOËMI EGGENBERGER, BASIL C. PREISIG, RAHEL SCHUMACHER, MARINA LAGANARO, THOMAS NYFFELER, JEAN-MARIE ANNONI, and RENÉ M. MÜRI. "The modulation of reading strategies by language opacity in early bilinguals: an eye movement study." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19, no. 3 (June 15, 2015): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000310.

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Converging evidences from eye movement experiments indicate that linguistic contexts influence reading strategies. However, the question of whether different linguistic contexts modulate eye movements during reading in the same bilingual individuals remains unresolved. We examined reading strategies in a transparent (German) and an opaque (French) language of early, highly proficient French–German bilinguals: participants read aloud isolated French and German words and pseudo-words while the First Fixation Location (FFL), its duration and latency were measured. Since transparent linguistic contexts and pseudo-words would favour a direct grapheme/phoneme conversion, the reading strategy should be more local for German than for French words (FFL closer to the beginning) and no difference is expected in pseudo-words’ FFL between contexts. Our results confirm these hypotheses, providing the first evidence that the same individuals engage different reading strategy depending on language opacity, suggesting that a given brain process can be modulated by a given context.

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18

Papahagi, Cristiana. "L’opposition statique – dynamique dans la grammaticalisation de la préposition française de." Grammaticalisation 25, no. 2 (August 31, 2003): 223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.25.2.04pap.

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Summary Dynamism is a marked feature for prepositions in French: among its lexicalizations by means of prepositional expressions, inchoative de stands out as the most marked one. Yet, this is the result of a modern normative intervention. Within the more comprehensive framework of the change of perception of space from Latin to the Romance languages, the case of de- is striking. In Latin compounds, de- has a dynamic meaning; gradually, it loses its dynamic sense and becomes completely bleached in Middle French. Owing to this loss of semantic quantity, adverbial compounds drop to the prepositional level or move up to the nominal one, where dynamism is no longer possible. The opposite movement, relexicalisation, happened in the 17th century, and tends to reinforce the preposition de by preventing it from getting bleached in compounds, and from losing its sense. The current state of de in French illustrates these two successive movements: it has become a full preposition, expressing by itself the beginning of a movement, and at the same time the ‘emptiest’ preposition, a mere function marker.

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19

Martineau, France. "Movement of negative adverbs in French infinitival clauses." Journal of French Language Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1994): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269500001976.

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AbstractThis paper examines the position of negative adverbs such as mie, pas, point and jamais in Middle and Classical French infinitival clauses. Instead of linking the movement of the infinitival verb to the strength of functional categories such as AGRℴ, I propose to link it to a parametric change of NEGP from strong to weak. Up to Classical French, the infinitival verb can move to AGRℴ because NEGP is strong; this movement of the infinitival verb to AGRℴ allows the movement of negative adverbs, which are base-generated in VP initial position. At the beginning of Classical French, a parametric change affected the strength of NEGP, from strong to weak. As a result of this parametric change, movement of the infinitival verb to AGRℴ becomes more limited. Moreover, the difference between pas and other negative adverbs is due to a change in the nature of pas, from an adverb base-generated in VP initial position which can move, to a fixed adverb base-generated in the specifier position of NEGP.

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20

MANN, GREGORY. "FETISHIZING RELIGION: ALLAH KOURA AND FRENCH ‘ISLAMIC POLICY’ IN LATE COLONIAL FRENCH SOUDAN (MALI)." Journal of African History 44, no. 2 (July 2003): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853703008442.

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This article argues that an innovative religious movement in postwar French Soudan (Mali) led some French administrators and military officers to adopt a new and more open stance towards local religious practices even as they fought hard to limit conversion to Islam and to counteract Muslim reform. Meanwhile, although the founder of the movement advocated submission to local authorities, young men claiming to be his messengers attacked elders and sorcerers. The article suggests that the religious sphere in the Western Sudan was broader than historians have recognized, and that religious identities were particularly important in the troubled transition from subjects to citizens.

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21

Bantman, Constance. "Jean Grave and French Anarchism: A Relational Approach (1870s–1914)." International Review of Social History 62, no. 3 (December 2017): 451–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859017000347.

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AbstractThis article proposes a biographical approach to the study of anarchist activism, applied to the French journalist, editor, theorist, novelist, educator, and campaigner Jean Grave, one of the most influential figures in the French and international anarchist movement between the late 1870s and World War I. Adopting a relational approach delineating Grave’s formal and informal connections, it focuses on the role of print in Grave’s activism, through the three papers he edited between 1883 and 1914, and highlights his transnational connections and links with progressive circles in France. Due to the central place of both Grave and his publications in the French anarchist movement, this biographical and relational approach provides a basis to reassess the functioning and key strategic orientations of French anarchist communism during its “heroic period” (1870s–1914), by stressing its transnational ramifications and links beyond the anarchist movement.

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22

Miesso, Abalo, and Adikou Missiagbeto. "ELITES ET HISTOIRE: LE MOUVEMENT PAN-EWE ET LADMINISTRATION COLONIALE FRANCAISE AU TOGO." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 07 (July 31, 2023): 787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17285.

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This article aims to analyze the stakes of the pan-Ewe movement in the struggle for liberation which, initiated by the Togolese intellectual elites at the end of the First World War, reached its full extent after the Second World War. These elites, considered as pioneers in the history of the country in this period of political, economic and social crises, have been able to play the role that was theirs, accompanied by the brave ladies of Lome and its surroundings. The essence of the pan-Ewe movement comes down to the determination of traditional or modern elites to create a concept of history in connection with the protest movements whose goal is the reunification of the two Togolese. For this research, it is not a question of abstractly extracting from the pan-Ewe movement the theoretical inconsistencies that led to the mixed results in the struggle for liberation, but of analyzing the spiritual principle of this movement in order to avoid the reach of false subjective opinions which constitute an obstacle for the said movement. Because if the pan-Ewe movement did not succeed in bringing together the two Togos (British and French), with its extension known as pan-Togolese, it knew how to play its role in having led French Togo to its sovereignty. international.

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23

Wolfe, Sam. "Residual Verb Second in French and Romance." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 8, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.208.

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This article revisits the classic definition of a Residual Verb Second language in light of evidence from the history of French, which is supplemented with synchronic evidence from the Romance languages. The core proposal is that following the loss of the Verb Second property French has successively lost multiple Verb Second correlates such that the grammar at different stages can be described as ‘more’ or ‘less’ Verb Second, according to the degree of left-peripheral phrasal or head movement permitted. Novel corpus data is presented for Renaissance and Classical French to show that the triggers for such movement become increasingly restricted along micro and nanoparametric grounds. The gradient conception of Residual Verb Second which emerges from the data is also borne out in the Modern Romance languages, which are argued to instantiate multiple points on a typology of Verb Second residues according to the degree of left-peripheral phrasal movement or head movement that they license.

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24

Chang, Xuewei, Marzelan Bin Salleh, and Jifang Sun. "Resonating Reflections: A Critical Review of Ethnosymbolic Dynamics in Les Six’s Music Nationalism Movement." Arts 13, no. 2 (April 22, 2024): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13020075.

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Les Six and their mentors stirred a debatement of French nationalist music in the early 20th century. However, this movement faced serious criticism and mockery from various quarters and eventually fell apart amid challenges. This critical review explores the ethnosymbolic dynamics within the nationalism music movement of Les Six, and drawing upon ethnomusicological perspectives, the study examines how their compositions reflected and resonated with French national identity and cultural heritage. By analyzing primary sources, scholarly literature, and musical compositions, this article meticulously uncovers the chain reactions generated in the process of constructing national identity and cultural identity within this movement by examining the French societal backdrop, musical traditions, as well as the relationships and attitudes among relevant figures in this movement. The conclusions highlight the multifaceted nature of ethnosymbolism in their work, shedding light on the complexities of national identity construction through music.

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25

De Cat, Cécile. "Dislocation without movement." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 77–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.35.2004.223.

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This paper argues that French Left-Dislocation is a unified phenomenon whether it is resumed by a clitic or a non-clitic element. The syntactic component is shown to play a minimal role in its derivation: all that is required is that the dislocated element be merged by adjunction to a Discourse Projection (generally a finite TP with root properties). No agreement or checking of a topic feature is necessary, hence no syntactic movement of any sort need be postulated. The so-called resumptive element is argued to be a full-fledged pronoun rather than a true syntactic resumptive.

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26

Moiroud, Lionel, Anaïs Royo, and Maria Pia Bucci. "The Developmental Eye Movement Test in French Children." Optometry and Vision Science 97, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000001598.

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27

ATICI KANBEROĞLU, Nesrin. "NATIONALISM MOVEMENT FROM FRENCH REVOLUTION TO TURKISH REPUBLIC." Journal of Academic Social Science Studies Volume 5 Issue 6, no. 5 (2012): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/jasss_410.

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28

Faucher, Florence. "Is there hope for the French ecology movement?" Environmental Politics 7, no. 3 (September 1998): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644019808414408.

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29

de Bousingen, Denis Durand. "French doctors join movement against far-right politics." Lancet 349, no. 9055 (March 1997): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61769-2.

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30

Harrison, N. "The Modern Essay in French: Movement, Instability, Performance." French Studies 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knm274.

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31

Toloudis, Nicholas. "InstituteurIdentities: Explaining the Nineteenth Century French Teachers' Movement." Social Movement Studies 7, no. 1 (May 2008): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14742830801969373.

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32

Ghimire, Tara Nath, and Shyam Prasad Phuyel. "The Democratic Movement in the World." Historical Journal 14, no. 1 (March 7, 2023): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hj.v14i1.52964.

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This study is related to the democratic movement in the world. The research focuses on the role of the democratic movement and its impact on today for human civilization. This study is prepared about the democratic movement, its achievements, and the essential foundations for democracy. It examines democratic movements from the Magna Carta, the bloodless revolution in Britain, and American independence to the French revolution. The research is reached in conclusion with an attempt to investigate the question of what effect the democratic movement has had on the transformation of the modern era. There were various efforts for the establishment of democracy during the political changes. This is also true that there is standing in the face of problems and challenges from institutionalizing its achievements. Research is focused on democratic movements and their achievements. This study is completely qualitative research in nature. Only secondary material has been used in the study and the available data has been taken out using descriptive and analytical methods.

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33

Hawkins, Roger, Richard Towell, and Nives Bazergui. "Universal Grammar and the acquisition of French verb movement by native speakers of English." Second Language Research 9, no. 3 (October 1993): 189–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839300900301.

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White (1989) has shown that L1 English-speaking learners of L2 French appear to be more successful in acquiring the postverbal location of French manner and frequency adverbs than L1 French-speaking learners of L2 English are in acquiring the preverbal location of English manner and frequency adverbs. One implication of recent work by Pollock (1989) on the structure of English and French clauses is, however, that the task of acquiring the placement of manner and frequency adverbs should be the same for both sets of learners, because English provides learners with as much positive syntactic evidence for preverbal manner/frequency adverbs as French does for the postverbal location of such adverbs. The problem, then, is to explain why there should be this difference in success. On the basis of a detailed study of the developing intuitions of English-speaking adult learners of L2 French it is suggested in this article that the English-speakers' success is only apparent. Both groups of learners have great difficulty in resetting a parametrized property of the functional category Agr, but the English- speaking learners of French are able to make use of nonparametrized properties of Universal Grammar to handle surface syntactic differences between English and French, properties which are not so readily available to the French-speaking learners of English. It is suggested that this finding is in line with an emerging view about the role of parametrized functional categories in second language acquisition.

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34

Brown, Becky. "The social consequences of writing Louisiana French." Language in Society 22, no. 1 (March 1993): 67–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500016924.

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ABSTRACTStudies on language shift often refer to the demise of the ousted variety by detailing various stages of language decay and extinction. Problematic for these accounts are well-documented cases of intervening social phenomena, such as language revival movements, which can alter in some way the stages of decline. French Louisiana's situation illustrates language shift interacting with a strong revival movement. In the wake of the revival and in spite of continued shift, another trend is apparent – the writing of Louisiana French. Whereas shift clearly represents a stage of language decline, the creation of a written code functions as a key ingredient for language maintenance. A sociolinguistic analysis of these forces reveals the complexity and the conflict involved in the choice of the written word. (Sociolinguistics, Louisiana French, Cajun, Louisiana French Creole, variation in writing, ethnography, literacy, language maintenance)

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35

McCarthy, Brian. "Pitch features of classroom French intonation." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.11.1.07mcc.

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Abstract Using fundamental frequency measurements taken from mingograph traces, the direction and range of pitch movements were studied in a series of utterances produced by native speakers of French and by a group of (near-) beginner students of that language. Results were also compared to the Delattre models for major and minor continuation and finality. Analysis of the native speakers allows us to determine the extent to which the pattern of pitch movement is a function of the speaking context. It is then possible to see additional differences occurring when the task is performed by foreign language learners. Our most significant findings relate to differences between the utterances of free conversation and those occurring in controlled contexts (oral reading, repetition, drill responses), and to a certain blurring of the distinction between major and minor continuation in student speech.

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36

Sajkowski, Wojciech. "French image of the inhabitants of the Illyrian Provinces and the emergence of South Slavic nationalisms." Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia 27 (December 13, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bp.2020.27.5.

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The Illyrian Provinces, a part of the 1st French Empire which existed in the years 1809-1813, are often portrayed as a political entity which anticipated various projects of the political emancipation of the South Slavs. However, the link between later pan-South-Slavic movements and the Napoleonic political activity is a matter which still remains unclear and deserves some in-depth analysis. Most often the Napoleonic impact on the evolution of the nascent South-Slavic nationalisms is viewed in the perspective of the posterior political attitudes of the Croat, Slovene or Serbian elites towards the French, and their own interpretations of the Napoleonic impact on the pan-South-Slavic movement. The proposed paper will concentrate on the opposite approach and will investigate how French perceived the South Slavs in the perspective of the nascent nationalisms, especially that French propaganda presented Napoleon as the savior of the European nations including the „Illyrian” one. But how French defined this „Illyrian” nation? This question can be answered thanks to the French strive for description of the societies inhabiting Illyrian Provinces.

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37

Sajkowski, Wojciech. "French image of the inhabitants of the Illyrian Provinces and the emergence of South Slavic nationalisms." Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia 27 (December 13, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bp.2020.27.5.

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The Illyrian Provinces, a part of the 1st French Empire which existed in the years 1809-1813, are often portrayed as a political entity which anticipated various projects of the political emancipation of the South Slavs. However, the link between later pan-South-Slavic movements and the Napoleonic political activity is a matter which still remains unclear and deserves some in-depth analysis. Most often the Napoleonic impact on the evolution of the nascent South-Slavic nationalisms is viewed in the perspective of the posterior political attitudes of the Croat, Slovene or Serbian elites towards the French, and their own interpretations of the Napoleonic impact on the pan-South-Slavic movement. The proposed paper will concentrate on the opposite approach and will investigate how French perceived the South Slavs in the perspective of the nascent nationalisms, especially that French propaganda presented Napoleon as the savior of the European nations including the „Illyrian” one. But how French defined this „Illyrian” nation? This question can be answered thanks to the French strive for description of the societies inhabiting Illyrian Provinces.

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Duval, Nathalie. "The French Federation of Eclaireuses: A female movement where any little French girl was to be comfortable." Studia Iuridica, no. 90 (June 27, 2022): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-90.5.

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According to one of the famous foundresses of the French Federation of Eclaireuses (FFE), Marguerite Walther, it had to a be a female movement where “any little French girl would be comfortable” – comfortable to learn about moral values and about freedom. The FFE was very successful during the 1930s, achieving a high number of enrolments which were maintained after World War II. But the 1960s resulted in some fatal consequences for the FFE due to several reasons. There were financial problems, personality clashes, changes of attitude, and, eventually, co-education. Nevertheless, undertaking the analysis ofthe impact ofthe Eclaireuses’ movement one may clearly see its contribution to women’s empowerment in France. The question is to determine the particularities of this kind of feminism and how the women participating in the movement became more engaged in civil society.

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Jean-Baptiste, Shanna. "Black Women and Their Discontents in the French Context." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-10461929.

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This essay explores the decolonial future imagined by the Black women who make up Annette K. Joseph-Gabriel’s Reimagining Liberation: How Black Women Transformed Citizenship in the French Empire (2020). A much-needed project of historical redress, Joseph-Gabriel’s study proposes the concept “decolonial citizenship” as a framework to tackle the archival and scholarly invisibility of Black women’s contributions to decolonial movements and their espousing new ways of belonging that are grounded in practices, geographies, epistemologies, and communities that persist despite the French colonial orb. This essay argues that the contemporary Afrofeminist movement in France’s fight for Black liberation and articulations of new forms of belonging point to the continued discontents of the country’s Black population with the universalist pretenses of the French republic.

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Munaro, Nicola, Cecilia Poletto, and Jean-Yves Pollock. "Eppur si muove!" Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2001 1 (December 31, 2001): 147–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.1.07mun.

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This article offers a comparative syntax approach to wh-questions in French and Bellunese, a Northern Italian dialect spoken in the town of Belluno. A striking difference between the two languages, otherwise very closely related, lies in the fact that bare wh-words in root questions, which display obligatory subject clitic inversion (SCLI), must appear at the right edge of the sentence in Bellunese. In French on the other hand apparent in situ structures ban SCLI and do not accept que in sharp contrast with Bellunese. To make sense of these data we suggest that despite appearances wh-words in Bellunese do move to the left periphery, just as they must in French SCLI structures. This in turn requires that the remaining IP also move to the left periphery which should then be highly split. The minimal parameter distinguishing French and Bellunese, we claim, lies in the existence of a class of non assertive clitics in Bellunese, which have turned into interrogative markers. Their absence in French triggers obligatory wh-movement to a high operator position at the left edge of the CP domain. In this light it is suggested that French wh in situ questions also involves invisible remnant IP movement and wh movement to a truncated left periphery.

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El Houssi, Leila. "The History and Evolution of Independence Movements in Tunisia." Oriente Moderno 97, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340139.

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After the establishment of French protectorate in 1881, the role played by the domestic nationalist movements that emerged in Tunisia during the early twentieth century is fundamentally important for any analysis of the long chain of events that ultimately led to the decolonization of the country. The first Tunisian nationalist movement was that of the Jeunes Tunisiens (Young Tunisians) in 1907, which was fronted by two charismatic leaders: al-Bašīr Ṣafar and ʿAlī Bāš Ḥānbah. Al-Bašīr Ṣafar, the undisputed heart and soul of the movement, was among the founders of the Ḫaldūniyyah, a journalist for Le Tunisien, and, after 1908, the governor of Sousse. ʿAlī Bāš Ḥānbah as an administrator at the Collège Sadiki and co-founder of Le Tunisien. After the Great War, another movement emerged demanding the creation of a parliamentary assembly made up of both French and native citizens: the Parti Libéral Constitutionnel, or Dustūr, led by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Taʿālbī, which founded the Arabic-language newspaper “Sabīl al-Rašād”. Initially underestimated by the French authorities, Dustūr would go on become a legitimate nationalist movement. In 1934, at the Congress of Ksar Hellal, the party line imposed by Dustūr frustrated and disappointed many young nationalist militants, who split away from the group and founded a movement of their own that would go on to become the primary champion of the independence struggle: Néo-Dustūr. Among these young militants were Ḥabīb Būrqībah, the leader of the new party, which radically transformed itself with a cross-class platform capable of winning the allegiance of the Tunisian masses in the fight for greater independence. As we shall see, the origins of decolonization in Tunisia indisputably lay in the creation and evolution of these nationalist groups, which built upon and succeeded one another during the first four decades of the twentieth century.

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de Goede, Meike J. "Duress and Messianism in French Moyen-Congo." Conflict and Society 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2018.040115.

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The Matsouanist religion in Congo-Brazzaville has its roots in Amicale, a sociopolitical association and movement that aimed to improve the rights of colonial subjects that emerged in the late 1920s. After its leader, André Matsoua, died in prison, the movement transformed into a religion that worships Matsoua as a prophet. In this article, I argue that this transformation should be understood not as a rupture but as continuation, albeit in a different discursive domain. This transformation was steered by duress, or the internalization of structural violence in everyday life under colonialism. Through this discursive transformation, Matsoua’s followers appropriated the movement and brought it into a culturally known place that enabled them to continue their struggle for liberation from colonial oppression.

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Quéré, Mathias. "“Second-Class Citizens”: The Mobilization of the French Homosexual Movement for the “Right to Difference” (1979–1982)." Journal of History 57, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 362–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jh-57-3-2022-0010.

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While the French constitution of 1791 abolished the crime of sodomy, the 19th century nevertheless allowed the political power and the bourgeoisie to repress homosexuality thanks to a broad legal arsenal. In 1942, Philippe Pétain explicitly reintroduced the criminalisation of homosexual relations into French law. Some years later, an amendment adopted in 1960 considered homosexuality a “social plague”, like tuberculosis or alcoholism. French homosexuals remained what they had always been: second-class citizens. The homosexual movement that emerged in the 1970s was mostly revolutionary and very few were interested in legalist demands. Many of activist came from extreme left-wing organisations; for them it was more a question of fighting for the revolution than attempting to become citizens like the others. With the end of the 1970s, the revolutionary horizon vanished and the French homosexual movement, in a quest for popularization, evolved its paradigms to fight against repression. This article retraces and discusses the evolution of homosexual mobilisation in the early 1980s, when gay and lesbian activists reconfigured the French homosexual movement from the perspective of claiming a “right to difference” and ending their status as “second-class citizens”.

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de Marenne, Eric Touya. "Gilets jaunes, Macron’s presidency, and France’s contradictions." Contemporary French Civilization 45, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2020): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/cfc.2020.24.

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The recent gilets jaunes movement in France has put in question the traditional oppositions (left/right, progressive/conservative) that has marked the French political discourse since the Second World War. What are the causes and ramifications of this significant transformation? Are these protests that paralyzed France for more than half a year only a “French story” or do they raise issues beyond the borders of France? Have the decisions made by the French government in response to the movement resolved the crisis? This article explores the extent to which the gilets jaunes movement reveals France’s current contradictions between its ambition to remain a major nation in the world and the formidable challenges it faces regarding the preservation of its sovereignty with respect to EU’s demands, its socio-economic welfare system in a globalized world, and its democratic form of governance with the rise of populism. These questions/issues that are deeply rooted in the movement have national but also global implications.

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Cinque, Guglielmo. "A Note on “Restructuring” and Quantifier Climbing in French." Linguistic Inquiry 33, no. 4 (October 2002): 617–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438902762731781.

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Although Modern French was originally taken to lack the “restructuring” phenomenon altogether, four different “restructuring” effects have more recently been claimed to exist in the language:en andy climbing, quantifier climbing, adverb climbing, and long movement in ‘easy-to-please’ constructions. Evidence discussed in this article shows that only en andy climbing and long movement in ‘easy-to-please’ constructions are bona fide instances of “restructuring” in French.

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Stuart, Robert. "“Calm, with a Grave and Serious Temperament, rather Male”: French Marxism, Gender and Feminism, 1882–1905." International Review of Social History 41, no. 1 (April 1996): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000113690.

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SummaryThis article argues that historians have underestimated the importance and complexity of Marxists' engagement with feminism during the introduction of their doctrine into the French socialist movement before the First World War. It examines the ideological discourse of the Parti Ouvrier Français, the embodiment of Marxism in France from 1882 to 1905, in order to reveal the ambiguities and contradictions of the French Marxists' approach to the “woman question” – seeking to explicate the puzzling coincidence in the movement's rhetoric of a firmly feminist commitment to women's rights with an equally intransigent hostility to organized feminism.

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Gaultier, Alexandre, Cédric Masclet, and Jean-François Boujut. "Characterising the low-tech approach through a value-driven model." Proceedings of the Design Society 4 (May 2024): 2353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2024.238.

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AbstractIn this article, we argue that the low-tech narrative redefined by a French low-tech movement in recent years can be considered as a legitimate research object for design research. Based on the French low-tech movement's literature, we present the definitions of the low-tech concept as an approach driven by principles and highlight two theorical limitations of this type of definition. Based on a value-sensitive design approach, we present transdisciplinary research results through a value-driven low-tech model and discussed its limitations and possible use as a tool for engineers.

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Sibalis, Michael David. "Parisian Labour During the French Revolution." Historical Papers 21, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030945ar.

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Abstract Workers in revolutionary Paris did not show the class consciousness nor, with certain exceptions, the organizational skills of the workers' movement after 1830. Nevertheless, an analysis of eighty-five recorded labour disputes proves labour protest to have been a significant form of protest in the capital between 1789 and 1799. Sans-culotte unity has been exaggerated, and wage-earners articulated demands (principally for higher wages) that set them apart from the master-craftsmen and shopkeepers who directed the sans-culotte movement. The response of the authorities to labour unrest was often hesitant and contradictory, and the repressive Le Chapelier law of 1791 was in fact rarely invoked.

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Bode, Ingo. "Wege zur Solidarität." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 26, no. 102 (March 1, 1996): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v26i102.937.

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The recent strike movement in France has been seen either as a combat of public sector employees willing to save their material privileges or - in contrast - as a generalized political protest in defense of national institutions and against economic globalization. There was also !arge discord in the weakened French left about whether or not to support the movement. In this mticle it is argued that behind this discord we can see different conceptions of what should be leftist solidarity, each of them being restricted to one of its basic dimensions: the ethical and the utilitaristic one. lt will be shown that along these lines we find a deep cleavage between the academic and the syndicalistic part of the French left in which trade unions figure as social movcment organisations and therefore account for the political character of the strike movemcnt. Despite their structural capacity to enrich pattcms of group interest with ethical reasoning, these organisations fail in what has bccn offercd by thc course of the movement and scems tobe the only way out of crisis: that is confronting the two dimensions of solidarity in a deliberative setting of Ieftist politics.

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Berry, David. "‘Fascism or Revolution!’ Anarchism and Antifascism in France, 1933–39." Contemporary European History 8, no. 1 (March 1999): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777399000132.

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French anarchists were careful to distinguish between the Popular Front's leaders - the politicians - and its working-class supporters. They enthused over ‘the fraternity, the solidarity and the strength of the working class’ manifested in the extra-parliamentary antifascist movement of 1934–35. They took an active, and in some respects a leading part, in that movement. This article assesses the French anarchists' contribution to the antifascist movement and their critique of ‘Popular Frontism’. It also asks to what extent the anarchist movement can be said to have succeeded or failed in its objectives, and examines the ideological debates which the experiences of 1936–39 provoked between different anarchist currents over revolutionary strategy and tactics.

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