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Статті в журналах з теми "Freight cars Wheels Defects"
1
Lovska, A., and V. Ravlyuk. "IDENTIFICATION OF THE CAUSES OF SURFACE DEFECTS OF WHEELS OF CARS EQUIPPED WITH COMPOSITE PADS." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 40 (December 28, 2022): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents the results of the analysis of surface defects and faults of freight car wheels caused by frictional interaction with composite brake pads. It is established that the main influence on the thermomechanical behavior of freight car wheels is caused by thermal loads that occur during braking. In cases of thermal overloads, which arise mainly as a result of prolonged braking, the generation of stresses and deformations occurs, the consequences of which are the appearance of high-temperature local defects on the rolling surface of freight car wheels. These defects negatively affect the safety of trains and significantly increase the operating costs of railway transport. To determine the thermal stress state of the freight car wheel during braking, its calculation was carried out. As a calculation method, the finite element method was used, which is implemented in the SolidWorks Simulation software package. The temperature effect on the wheel during braking is determined to be permissible from the point of view of ensuring the strength of the wheel. The conducted research will contribute to the creation of recommendations for managing the temperature effect on the wheel, as well as improving the safety of trains and significantly reducing operating costs in railway transport.
2
Vyplaven, V. S., A. O. Kolomeec, and A. A. Popkov. "METHODS FOR FREIGHT CARS WHEELS ROLLING SURFACE DEFECTS DETECTING IN MOTION BY USING TENSOMETRY." Fundamental and Applied Transport Issues, no. 1 (2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52170/2712-9195/2021_2_5.
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3
Rozhkova, Elena. "EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF BRAKING EQUIPMENT OPERATION IN INNOVATION FREIGHT CARS." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-3-46-53.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The object of researches is brake systems of innovation freight cars. The work purpose consists in the assessment of braking system effectiveness in innovation freight cars and in standard ones at different operation modes.
The scientific novelty consists in the definition of the dependence of a slide block depth on the length of wheel pair skidding motion and braking distance dependence upon car speed. During the work there was carried out a retrospective analysis of cases with traffic safety violation connected with the formation of excessive sliders in freight cars in organized trains because of the violation of braking equipment normal operation. By means of the least-squares method there was obtained a linear equation defining the dependence of slider depth upon the skidding length of a wheel pair. As a result of the work there were defined parameters of defect formation on freight car wheels at their skidding, the calculations of braking system efficiency in different freight cars were carried out.
In the course of the analysis of freight car braking efficiency there are obtained equations of braking length in the accepted range of speeds at the beginning of braking for empty and loaded states. Minimum values of the design factor of braking block pressing in translation to a train length of 200 shafts in the empty state were 0.2256 for a speed of 40km/h, in the loaded one – 0.1781 for a speed of 120 km/h at the standard values 0.22 and 0.14 respectively. By means of calculations and experiments it is proved that composite braking block pressing force on a shaft exceeds 4tf/shaft, and that of cast-iron – 10tf. Accordingly, a car with the shaft load of 25 tf/shaft and accepted parameters of a braking system may be operated up to the speeds of 120 km/h inclusive without limitations.
4
Otoka, A. G., D. V. Budnik, and A. M. Liakh. "Experience of operation of the UDP-2001SM railway wheelset bearing vibration diagnostics installation and the OMSD-02 mechanism diagnostics system." Dependability 22, no. 4 (November 21, 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2022-22-4-8-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Aim of the paper is to compare the UDP-2001SM installation for vibration diagnostics of bearings of freight, refrigerator and passenger car wheels and the OMSD-02 mechanism diagnostics system that since recently has been used in the Belarusian Railway.Methods. By way of analysis of the UDP-2001SM vibration diagnostics installation and the OMSD-02 mechanism diagnostics system, the authors considered the list of identifiable defects, method for defining threshold values (reference levels) of vibroacoustic pulses and noises for the criteria of “faulty” and “good”, statistical data for rejected axleboxes of freight and passenger car wheelsets in respect to the overall number of conducted measurements, the experience of operation in various car shops of the Belarusian Railway. Results. The paper describes the process of vibration diagnostics of wheelset bearings of freight and passenger cars using the case of stationary acquisition of vibroacoustic signals from acoustic plates that interact with the diagnosed axlebox. The authors present the diagrams of the UDP-2001SM installation and OMSD-02 system, as well as the defects of bearings that are to be identified using the above diagnostics equipment. Conclusion. The paper showed the advantages and disadvantages of the above diagnostics systems based on the experience of their application in a number of car shops of the Belarusian Railway.
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Макарова, Taisiya Makarova, Мелешко, Nataliya Meleshko, Жаринов, and Sergey Zharinov. "Ultrasonic Testing of Railway Transport Units with Phased Array Flaw Detectors." NDT World 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12576.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article describes possibilities of phased array flaw detectors application for testing of railway transport units, such as wheel set axles, all-rolled wheels, solebars of freight cars. The task was to reproduce the standard testing procedures using phased array flaw detectors and demonstrate their advantages in visibility, efficiency, repeatability, results validity. Unfortunately, one of the main advantages of phased array flaw detectors, namely – a possibility to control the focusing depth – are lost while testing of large scale objects.
Sector scanning technique with the phased array flaw detectors OmniScan and Isonic 2010 in the minimum configuration was used for the research. In the all cases acoustical images of the following reflectors were obtained within the range of selected angles: saw-cuts in axles, spot-drillings and saw-cuts in wheels, side drilled holes and natural defects in solebars.
The Multi Group software (Isonic 2000) at testing of wheel set axles has enabled the testing schemes to be realized with one prism and one phased array instead of several classical piezoelectric transducers.
Circumferential testing of all-rolled wheels from internal lateral surface under the roll surface level has allowed transverse cracks and flange embedded defects to be detected.
Solebar testing has been more complicated because of a form and irregularity of scanning surface, necessity of its cleaning and a complex profile of back surface. Nevertheless the usage of phased array flaw detectors has made it possible to identify the back surface profile.
Application of phased arrays substantially increases testing efficiency and improves visibility of obtained results.
6
Vyplaven, V., A. Kolomeets, and A. Popkov. "Processing of strain gauge control signals by the Kalman filter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/3/032015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract One of the methods for detecting defects in the rolling surface of the wheels of freight cars is to measure the deformations of the rail under the passing train. The method is based on the analysis of a strain gauge signal. The main task of the strain gauge signal analysis is the selection of informative components and the removal (filtering) of interference. The paper presents methods of filtering diagnostic signals of strain gauge control and the selection of informative components. The useful signal component can be used to measure the mass of cars, to determine the dynamic load on the rails and to detect defects in the rolling surface of the wheels. The method of adaptive Kalman filtering and linear convolution are proposed as signal processing tools. Based on these algorithms, a software module based on the.NET Framework has been developed using the C# programming language. The algorithms were tested on the signals received when the train was moving along the active section of the track, with a strain gauge control system located on it. The computational complexity and speed of the algorithms are assessed, and the possibility of their further application in the autonomous mode of the system is investigated. The results show that the use of the Kalman filtering algorithm provides a significant performance advantage over the linear convolution algorithm.
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Kossov, V. S., G. M. Volokhov, O. G. Krasnov, M. N. Ovechnikov, A. L. Protopopov, and V. V. Oguenko. "Influence of the axial loads of rolling stock on the contact-fatigue life of rails." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-3-149-156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Analysis of operational data for defective and highly defective rails showed that up to 25 % is the contact-fatigue defects. In connection with the development of heavy haul traffic on the Russian railways, it is relevant to determine the influence of cars with increased axial loads of 25 and 27 tf on the contact fatigue life of rails. The solution of this problem is set forth in this article. The Brown-Miller model of multi-axial fatigue was used in the calculation. This model is integrated into the Fatigue software system, which is tied to the Marc calculation system through Pat-ran. Since under operating conditions the wheel moves (rolls) along the rail on meandering trajectory, in computer modeling weight coefficients were taken into account that characterize the percentage of wheels in the cross-sectional areas of the rail. Calculations of contact fatigue life took into account the variability of vertical loads from the impact on the track of trains formed from innovative open cars with axial loads of 23.5, 25 and 27 tf under operating conditions, loaded with real loading blocks. According to the analysis of calculated data with an increase in axial loads from 23.5 to 25 tf, it is necessary to expect a decrease in the service life of rails in contact fatigue resistance by 19 %, with a further increase in axle loads of up to 27 tf per 32 %. Considering that the share of freight cars with axial loads of 25 tf does not exceed 15...20 %, then on the routes of its use the service life of rails should be expected to decrease by 3...4 %. The method proposed by the authors for predicting the contact fatigue life of rails with increasing axial loads is advisable to improve in part of the experimental determination of the fatigue and strength characteristics of rail steel from the degree of hardening of the rolling surface, its probabilistic properties and the use of the integral distribution law for vertical forces, taking into account the structure of the freight traffic passing through the section. The work was carried out according to the RFBR project 17-20 01088.
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Filippov, Viktor, Aleksandr Petrov, Elena Kurzina, and Angelina Kurzina. "WAYS TO REDUCE THE WEAR OF WHEEL FLANGES IN FREIGHT BOGIES." Transport engineering 2022, no. 8 (August 7, 2022): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2022-8-44-55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study objective is to reduce the number of cases of current uncoupling repairs and operational costs associated with defects in wheel flanges of freight cars in conditions of increasing linear and axial loads and speeds. The paper is devoted to solving the problem of improving the interaction of the friction-mechanical system "wheel-rail" in curved sections of the track by reducing the anti-torque in the places of the supports of the car body on bogies. Computational and experimental research methods are used. The novelty of the work is that rational friction pairs in the unit of center plate – female center plate, friction and strength characteristics of composite polymer materials for installation in the support units of the car are experimentally determined; there are also calculated the moments of resistance forces to the bogie turning from the real values of the friction factors for different variants of supporting the car body, simulating the passage of transition and circular curves. As a result, the following is found: the lowest friction factor of 0.11 is shown by a pair of friction – metal-glass-filled polyamide 6, which reduces the moment of resistance to rotation when fully supported by a female center plate by 2.91 times, and when implemented on a side bearing, the total anti-torque also decreases by 2.91 times; the wearing of glass–filled polyamides by 2.5 two times lower than for other modifications, and hardness increases with an increase of glass fiber in the structure. This leads to making the following conclusions: a rational pair of friction in the unit of center plate – female center plate is metal - glass–filled polyamide 6; to reduce the wear of flanges in curved sections of the track, it is advisable to implement a simultaneous reduction in friction factor in the areas of female centre plate and side bearings for free rotation of the bogie in curves; Currently developed composite polymer materials, which simultaneously have high strength and anti-friction properties (polyamides modified with fiber glass, molybdenum disulfide, fullerene fillers), can have a positive effect on solving the problem of wear of wheel flanges.
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Filippov, Viktor, Aleksandr Petrov, Elena Kurzina, and Angelina Kurzina. "WAYS TO REDUCE THE WEAR OF WHEEL FLANGES IN FREIGHT BOGIES." Transport engineering 2022, no. 8 (August 7, 2022): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2022-8-44-55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study objective is to reduce the number of cases of current uncoupling repairs and operational costs associated with defects in wheel flanges of freight cars in conditions of increasing linear and axial loads and speeds. The paper is devoted to solving the problem of improving the interaction of the friction-mechanical system "wheel-rail" in curved sections of the track by reducing the anti-torque in the places of the supports of the car body on bogies. Computational and experimental research methods are used. The novelty of the work is that rational friction pairs in the unit of center plate – female center plate, friction and strength characteristics of composite polymer materials for installation in the support units of the car are experimentally determined; there are also calculated the moments of resistance forces to the bogie turning from the real values of the friction factors for different variants of supporting the car body, simulating the passage of transition and circular curves. As a result, the following is found: the lowest friction factor of 0.11 is shown by a pair of friction – metal-glass-filled polyamide 6, which reduces the moment of resistance to rotation when fully supported by a female center plate by 2.91 times, and when implemented on a side bearing, the total anti-torque also decreases by 2.91 times; the wearing of glass–filled polyamides by 2.5 two times lower than for other modifications, and hardness increases with an increase of glass fiber in the structure. This leads to making the following conclusions: a rational pair of friction in the unit of center plate – female center plate is metal - glass–filled polyamide 6; to reduce the wear of flanges in curved sections of the track, it is advisable to implement a simultaneous reduction in friction factor in the areas of female centre plate and side bearings for free rotation of the bogie in curves; Currently developed composite polymer materials, which simultaneously have high strength and anti-friction properties (polyamides modified with fiber glass, molybdenum disulfide, fullerene fillers), can have a positive effect on solving the problem of wear of wheel flanges.
10
Shabel’Nikov, A. N., and Yu V. Shapovalova. "Modeling of maintenance systems for railway infrastructure facilities based on the theory of mass service." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-3-165-171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is substantiated the necessity of intro-and dynamics of change are proposed to be implemented within ducing the mechanism of predictable maintenance of railway trans-the framework of a specially created decision support system. It port infrastructure into the practice of the transportation process. was also proposed to use the mathematical apparatus of queuing The functions of object monitoring, diagnostics of their condition theory to implement the tasks of analyzing and synthesizing the structure and functions of the system for organizing maintenance of transport infrastructure facilities. Within the framework of this tool, a mathematical model for the synthesis of maintenance systems for railway infrastructure facilities was constructed and analyzed, and a network of queuing systems describing monitoring, diagnostics and maintenance of these facilities was considered. The analysis technique of the infrastructure objects includes the procedure for structuring the railway transport object in the form of a combination of queuing systems and queuing networks, analysis of their parameters, analysis and optimization of information flows in queuing networks. The features of the application of the developed model for the solution of three practical problems are analyzed: technical and commercial inspection of trains at the sorting station reception, identification and correction of wheelset defects on thermal anomalies, development of a system for diagnosing the negative dynamics of freight cars. A model is described that allows calculating the main parameters (service intensity, service time and location in network) for a network that includes the source of applications (the transportation process), the diagnostic subsystems (as part of the decision support system - DSS) and the maintenance depoes.
Книги з теми "Freight cars Wheels Defects"
1
United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Special investigation report: Emergency fire apparatus. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1991.
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2
United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Special investigation report: Failure of cargo tank transporting hazardous waste on the Washington, D.C. Beltway, I-95, Fairfax County, Virginia, August 12, 1985. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1986.
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3
United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Special investigation report: Medium/heavy truck wheel separations. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1992.
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4
Board, United States National Transportation Safety. Special investigation report: Runway incursions at controlled airports in the United States. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1986.
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5
United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Special investigation report: Railroad yard safety -- hazardous materials and emergency preparedness. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1985.
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6
United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Special investigation report: New York City Transit Authority subway system fires. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1985.
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7
United States. Federal Railroad Administration. Office of Research and Development., ed. Roller bearing failure mechanisms test and wheel anomaly test report: Final report, June 1992. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, 1993.
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8
R, Rajkumar Britto, United States. Federal Railroad Administration. Office of Research and Development., and Transportation Test Center (U.S.), eds. Roller bearing failure mechanisms test and wheel anomaly test report. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, 1992.
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9
Special investigation report: Air traffic control equipment outages. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1996.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Freight cars Wheels Defects"
1
Iwand, Hans, and Joel Hassebrock. "Failure Analysis of Railroad Components." In Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures, 754–77. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v11a.a0006837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Because of the tough engineering environment of the railroad industry, fatigue is a primary mode of failure. The increased competitiveness in the industry has led to increased loads, reducing the safety factor with respect to fatigue life. Therefore, the existence of corrosion pitting and manufacturing defects has become more important. This article presents case histories that are intended as an overview of the unique types of failures encountered in the freight railroad industry. The discussion covers failures of axle journals, bearings, wheels, couplers, rails and rail welds, and track equipment.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Freight cars Wheels Defects"
1
Singh, Som P., Srinivas Chitti, S. K. Punwani, and Monique F. Stewart. "On-Board Detection of Derailed Wheel and Wheel Defects." In ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To improve railroad safety and efficiency, the Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is running a project to develop and demonstrate an On-Board Monitoring Systems Concept (OBMSC) for freight trains. The project scope includes onboard detection of hot bearings, bearing defects, vehicle, ride quality, wheel tread defects, and derailed wheels. This paper presents an analytical model to detect derailed wheel conditions. In the model, an idealized wheelset with associated sprung and unsprung vehicle masses running on crossties is simulated using LS-Dyna software. Track structure (i.e., ties) ballast/subgrade, and soil are represented as linear elastic systems. This paper identifies wheelset vertical acceleration magnitude and associated frequencies for a derailed wheel for empty and loaded car conditions at various operating speeds. The research shows that the predicted wheelset acceleration magnitude for a derailed wheel overlap with those resulting from wheel tread defects, such as wheel flat, shells, and built-up tread. To differentiate between a derailed wheel and wheels with tread defects, a set of criteria is formulated based on amplitude and frequency ranges. Based on the analytical results from the derailed wheel model and field-tested results of revenue service wheels with tread defects, it is established that the OBMSC bearing adapter acceleration (BAA) can be used to detect a derailed wheel and conditions communicated to the train crew or other appropriate parties.
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Donelson, John, and Ronald L. Dicus. "Bearing Defect Detection Using On-Board Accelerometer Measurements." In ASME/IEEE 2002 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtd2002-1645.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vibration signatures of defective roller bearings on railroad freight cars were analyzed in an effort to develop an algorithm for detecting bearing defects. The effort is part of a project to develop an on-board condition monitoring system for freight trains. The Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is sponsoring the project. The measurements were made at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, CO on July 26 – 29, 1999 during the Phase III Field Test of the Improved Wayside Freight Car Roller Bearing Inspection Research Program sponsored by FRA and the Association of American Railroads (AAR). Wheel sets with specific roller bearing defects were installed on a test train consisting of 8 freight cars designed to simulate revenue service. The consist also contained non-defective roller bearings. Accelerometers were installed on the inboard side of the bearing adapters to measure the vibration signatures during the test. Signatures of both defective and non-defective bearings were recorded. The data were recorded on Sony Digital Audio Tape (DAT) Recorders sampling at a rate of 48 K samples per second. We used both ordinary and envelope spectral analysis to analyze the data in an effort to detect features that could be related to known defects. The spectra of non-defective bearings show no remarkable features at bearing defect frequencies. In general, the ordinary spectra of defective bearings do not exhibit remarkable features at the bearing defect frequencies. In contrast, the envelope spectra of defective bearings contain a number of highly resolved spectral lines at these frequencies. In several cases the spectral lines could be related to specific bearing defects. Based on the analysis performed to date, the envelope spectrum technique provides a promising method for detecting defects in freight car roller bearings using an on-board condition monitoring system.
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Cummings, Scott. "Brake Shoe Force Variation." In ASME 2009 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2009-18021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Wheel Defect Prevention Research Consortium (WDPRC) has conducted a review and analysis of existing literature and existing data related to brake shoe force (BSF) variation in freight car brake rigging. This work was conducted to explore the sources of BSF variation, define the expected amount of BSF variation, and describe some of the existing brake system designs that may help reduce the amount of BSF variation. Wheel temperature is related to BSF due to the use of the wheel tread as a brake drum. Variation in BSF within a given railcar is one potential source of elevated wheel temperatures and thermal mechanical shelling (TMS) damage to the wheels. At elevated temperatures, wheels become less resistant to fatigue damage due to changes in the material mechanical properties and relief of beneficial residual stresses. Data recorded by a wayside wheel temperature detector shows that eliminating wheel temperature differences within individual cars could reduce the number of wheels reaching temperatures of concern for TMS by a factor of eight.
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Cummings, Scott M., and Don Lauro. "Inspections of Tread Damaged Wheelsets." In ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2008-74009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inspections of 163 wheelsets conducted by the Wheel Defect Prevention Research Consortium (WDPRC) have produced critical information in identifying the high-level root causes of tread damage. While the overall wheel tread damage problem appears to be split fairly evenly between shelling and spalling, the type of tread damage on a wheelset is strongly linked to the type of car from which it was removed. Coal car wheels, which generally run in heavy axle load, high-mileage service with minimal yard handling, are almost exclusively subject to shelling damage with little spalling damage. On the other hand, mixed freight cars, such as tank cars and covered hopper cars, tend to run in lower mileage service with more yard handling, resulting in fewer loading cycles under lighter stress and more frequent use of hand brakes. Not surprisingly then, wheels from these types of cars were observed to have a mix of spalling and shelling damage, with spalling being the predominant damage mechanism. Nearly every high impact wheel (HIW) inspected showed either spalling, shelling, or some combination of the two. As expected, wheel impact load detector (WILD) readings and radial tread run out data were found to be related. Rim thickness deviations and rim lateral face deviations were not found to be important contributors to shelling. The lateral tread location of radial run-out deviations and crack bands could be an important clue in discovering the root cause of shelling. Radial run-out data and crack band location data shows that shelling damage is most prevalent outboard of the tapeline. This is the expected wheel/rail contact position of a wheel in the lead wheelset position of a truck, while riding on the low (inside) rail of a curve. Many of the wheels that were removed for wear causes were found to have noncondemnable shelling and spalling, indicating that tread damage is more prevalent than repair records would indicate.
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Alsahli, Ali, Allan M. Zarembski, and Nii Attoh-Okine. "Predicting Track Geometry Defect Probability Based on Tie Condition Using Pattern Recognition Technique." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23051.
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Abstract Rail transportation plays a vital role in U.S. transportation. According to the National Transportation Statistics report from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, railroads generate 29% of ton-miles of freight, whereas air, truck, water, and pipeline transportation represent the rest of the freight traffic. In the passenger spectrum, the 2016 National Transit Summary and Trends report stated that trips using rail transit modes increased from 2012 to 2016. These facts show the importance of rail transportation in the United States and highlight the critical importance of railroad traffic safety. Based on the FRA 2016 statistics, track-related defects are the second-largest cause of rail accidents. Furthermore, track irregularities resulting from defects in these parameters lead to an increase in dynamic forces that accelerate the rate of track deterioration. Consequently, the need to monitor and detect the presence and types of defects on railway tracks arises. The availability of track geometry cars and autonomous visual inspection vehicles has made acquiring track information easier. However, the need to study and understand these data remains unfulfilled. Machine learning has recently started to gain popularity in the field of railroad research due to increasing computational capacity and the need for such tools to provide information that is more useful. Techniques such as deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN), artificial neural networks, and support vector machines have been used for prediction problems in railroad research. This paper combines engineering judgments and statistical analysis to develop analytical models to estimate the probability of developing geometry defects as a function of tie conditions. The analysis is based on data provided by Georgetown Rail’s AURORA tie inspection system and from a major US class 1 railroad track geometry cars. The data used in this analysis relates to a geometry defect dataset and a tie condition dataset. The geometry dataset covers 125,554 geometry defects taken from several years of track-geometry inspection data. The data collection period was from 2014 to 2016. Convolutional neural network models were developed to estimate the probability of defects given tie patterns, as well as the outputs of the models used to build multiple regression models. Additionally, various data analysis issues were addressed in this paper. This paper’s contribution includes predictive models of track geometry defects as a function of tie condition and position. The models provide approaches to predicting the probability of geometry defects as functions of tie conditions and positions.
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Cummings, Scott M., and Paul Krupowicz. "The Effects of Wheelset Position and Operating Environment on Rolling Contact Fatigue." In ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2008-74014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Wheel Defect Prevention Research Consortium (WDPRC) conducted analyses of wheel impact load detector (WILD) data to explore how wheelset position and operating environment affect rolling contact fatigue (RCF). The typical three-piece freight car truck used in North America produces higher tangential wheel/rail contact forces on the wheelset in the lead position than on the wheelset in the trail position of a truck as a car negotiates a curve. An analysis of WILD data shows that these higher forces are contributing to more shelling damage on wheelsets that are consistently in the lead position of a truck. Datasets in which the cars are frequently oriented with the A-end leading show the largest percentage of elevated WILD readings in the lead position of the lead truck (axle 4) followed by the lead position of the trail truck (axle 2). Likewise, datasets in which the cars are frequently oriented with the B-end leading show the largest percentage of elevated WILD readings in the lead position of the lead truck (axle 1) followed by the lead position of the trail truck (axle 3). Additionally, datasets in which there is an equal mix of car orientations show a much more evenly distributed location of elevated WILD readings. Another analysis of WILD data from five trainsets of nearly identical cars shows that any differences in wheel tread damage due to component differences are insignificant in comparison to the differences in wheel tread damage associated with environmental factors. While this analysis does not address component specification differences that could potentially have a large influence on shelling (such as M-976 trucks in comparison to standard trucks), it does show that environmental factors can play a large role in wheel tread damage. Car routing and loading characteristics were investigated as possible wheel damage factors. It appears that cars running on routes through terrain with longer, steeper grades may be prone to increased wheel shelling, probably due to thermal mechanical shelling (TMS). Side-to-side imbalanced loading appears to play a minor role in wheel shelling for two of the five trainsets.
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Huang, Wei, and Yan Liu. "Unsafe Hunting of Freight Rail Cars." In 2009 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2009-63042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hunting of rail vehicles refers to self-excited oscillation of truck and carbody. This dynamic instability is due to the conicity of the wheels, the wheel/rail creep forces and the action of the suspensions. Hunting increases wheel/rail wear, causes damage to sensitive lading and in extreme cases can throw the track out of geometry. Furthermore, severe hunting can create unsafe operating conditions that lead to derailments. Although it is widely recognized that truck hunting is not a good thing, it is a fact that many thousands of trucks do hunt on any given day but the number of derailments from hunting are few. So when is the hunting unsafe? Database and parametric studies of unsafe hunting are presented in this paper. The FRA database was used to study the hunting derailments by year, car type, track, speed, load condition, weather and temperature. Parametric studies of hunting and unsafe hunting of three-piece freight cars were conducted based on a large number of measured wheel profiles in combination with worn and new rail profiles. The vehicle, track and operational factors that have the major influence on unsafe hunting are analyzed and the conditions of unsafe hunting presented.
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Schiavone, Ben, and Richard M. Klein. "Magnetic Particle Inspection of Freight Car Axles and Wheel Sets." In ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magnetic particle inspection (MPI) is a nondestructive testing method used to test ferromagnetic components for surface and subsurface defects. The method, in use since the 1940’s is an efficient means of inspection. MPI as with all other inspection methods must be performed in accordance with specific steps to be effective. This paper provides an overview of the method and describes the test sequence to ensure proper inspection of components. The discussion will focus on inspection of freight car loose axles and wheel sets although the points brought forth apply to any part tested using MPI.
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Santos, A. A., S. J. Romano, and F. C. Santos. "Theoretical and Experimental Comparison of the Heating From Shoe-Wheel and Pad-Disk Braking Systems for Railroad Freight Cars." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68684.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Brazilian freight cars use brake shoes directly applied onto the wheels. This system causes wheel heating, which in turn gives rise to thermal stresses and loss of mechanical strength. An alternate solution is a system of brake disks and pads, which would not heat the wheels. This system is not used in high load railroads. Because temperature is one of the major factors affecting braking performance, a study of the viability of replacing shoe brakes by disk brakes must evaluate and compare the heating of wheels and disks. The present work evaluates the heating of disk-pad systems when used for braking freight cars. Preliminary numerical simulations were done to check whether the expected temperatures would exceed the limits and damage friction materials and systems. Following that, real scale tests were conducted in critical braking conditions for both types of brake systems. Dynamometer tests were performed in real scale at the Railroad Laboratory of the State University of Campinas, Brazil. Results showed that, as far as system heating is concerned, there is nothing to prevent the replacement of the current system by a disk-pad system.
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Donelson, John, Wayne M. Zavis, S. K. (John) Punwani, Monique Ferguson Stewart, and Mark C. Edwards. "On-Board Condition Monitoring System for Freight Trains." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/rtd-25718.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) and Wilcoxon Research have developed a real-time on-board condition monitoring system for freight trains. The Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration funded the development of the system. The system monitors bearings, wheels, trucks and brakes on freight trains in order to detect equipment defects and derailments. The objectives of the system are to improve railroad safety and operation efficiency through continuous monitoring of mechanical components on freight trains.