Статті в журналах: "Free settling"

1

Swanson, V. F. "Free and hindered settling." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 6, no. 4 (November 1989): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03403462.

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2

Hartman, Miloslav, Otakar Trnka, and Karel Svoboda. "Free Settling of Nonspherical Particles." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 33, no. 8 (August 1994): 1979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00032a012.

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3

Nikolic, Z. S. "Computer simulation of free settling and skeletal settling during liquid phase sintering." Science of Sintering 38, no. 1 (2006): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0601041n.

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In recent years, a range of computer simulation models leading to a better understanding of liquid phase sintering phenomena, have been developed with the aim of simulating the detailed evolution of microstructure during grain growth. Some liquid phase sintered materials show both macrostructural and microstructural effects associated with gravity force. Therefore we will develop a numerical procedure for the estimation of how much gravity will influence domain (two-dimensional particle representation) growth, domain boundary migration and solid skeleton formation due to gravity induced segregation during liquid phase sintering. The method used for the simulation of a gravity field will be based on the settling procedure. Gravity induced settling will be separated into two stages - Free Settling and Skeletal Settling. Isolated solid phase domains fall under gravity and slide down over the already settled domains (free settling). During settling they make point contacts with each other. Necks between them then form and start to grow until the equilibrium dihedral angle between the domain boundaries and the liquid is established. Thus a solid skeleton forms and skeletal settling of a connected solid structure takes place. .

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4

Gmachowski, Lech. "Free settling of aggregates with mixed statistics." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 315, no. 1-3 (February 2008): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.07.008.

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5

Karamanev, Dimitar G., and Ludmil N. Nikolov. "Free rising spheres do not obey newton's law for free settling." AIChE Journal 38, no. 11 (November 1992): 1843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381116.

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6

Saito, Fumio, Kazuyoshi Arai, and Mitsuo Kamiwano. "Free Settling Cylindrical Particles in Stagnant Water [Translated]†." KONA Powder and Particle Journal 10 (1992): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/kona.1992019.

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7

Jiang, Si Qi, Jun Hua Zhang, Guo Ming Gao, Hong Wei Wang, and Tao Li. "Discussion of Muddy Surface Settling of Xiaolangdi Reservoir." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.267.

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Sediment settling velocity is an important parameter in particle suspension and indispensable link of hyperconcentrated flow as well as basic theory support for efficient sediment transport of Xiaolangdi Reservoir. This paper has adopted current sediment sample in Xiaolangdi Reservoir to take still water settling experiment, observed carefully silt sediment distribution during different settling duration under various initial concentrations, analyzed common settling velocity calculation method, and adopted settling duration curve method as calculation method to obtain a constant settling velocity of free settling section. Typical settling velocity that is obtained from experiments makes supplement and fitness to settling velocity formula of the existing groups of sediment sample, amends the formula coefficient, further explore the settling characteristics and settling velocity of fine particle mixed viscous sediment with water concentration change, and meanwhile this paper researched settling distance impact on settling velocity, existing sediment group settling transition to mesh settling critical transition silt concentration of Xiaolangdi Reservoir.

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8

SAITO, Fumio, Kazuyoshi ARAI, and Mitsuo KAMIWANO. "Free settling of a cylindrical particle in stagnant water." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 27, no. 10 (1990): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.27.673.

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9

MATSUMOTO, Kenji, Shuichi NAGAOKA, Hiroyuki OHNO, Yusaku ISOBE, Hironori AWAHARA, Tomoaki HACHIMURA, Masashi BUMA, Mayuko OSHIMA, and Hiroyuki TOSAKA. "Free-Settling Phenomenon of Particles at Large Reynolds Numbers." Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology 53, no. 2 (2012): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.53.70.

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10

Le Nguyen, Hoa Tien, and Luong Hong Phuoc Vo. "Calculating the settling velocity of cohesive sediment based on semi-empirical method." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 21, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/15164.

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Settling velocity is an important parameter affecting the characteristics of sediment transport. Especially for cohesive sediment in estuarine or mangrove areas, determination of settling velocity is extremely complex. The study focuses on anlalyzing the relationship between settling velocity and sediment concentration. Based on the empirical formulas of Hwang (1989) and experimental data of Mehta and Li (2003), the settling velocity by concentration is considered with variation of four parameters a, b, m and n. The method is applied to calculate the settling velocity of cohesive sediment in Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Ho Chi Minh city. From collected sediment samples in fieldwork, the settling column test is used to determine settling velocities. With 38 data of experimental settling velocity, the semi-empirical curve is determined. The results show that the settling velocity in free settling is about 0.28 × 10-5 m/s; the maximum velocity is about 0.99 × 10-3 m/s corresponding to the maximum concentration of 4.7 kg/m3. The resulting values of a, b, m and n are 0.05; 3.5; 3 and 3.2, respectively. The results are reliable to real applications.

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11

Afanasev, L. V., A. A. Yatskih, A. D. Kosinov, Yu G. Yermolaev, N. V. Semionov, O. P. Minin, and S. G. Shevelkov. "A Study of the Pulsations of Flow in the Settling Chamber and Their Relationship with the Pulsations of the Supersonic Flow." Siberian Journal of Physics 14, no. 2 (2019): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-9447-2019-14-2-77-85.

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Experimental study of the influence of flow pulsation in settling chamber on the supersonic free stream disturbances was carried out. Data on the pulsations in the settling chamber and the efficiency of deturbulization system as well as the correlation of pulsations of the flow of settling chamber and flow pulsations in test section of T-325 supersonic wind tunnel of ITAM SB RAS were obtained.

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12

Námer, Juraj, and Jerzy J. Ganczarczyk. "Fractal Dimensions and Shape Factors of Digested Sludge Particle Aggregates." Water Quality Research Journal 29, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1994.028.

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Abstract In a previous paper, digested sludge particle aggregates were examined by an image analysis system and by a free-settling multi-exposure photographic method. Based on microscopic observations, it was found that these aggregates exhibited the characteristics of statistically self-similar fractals. The experimentally determined terminal settling velocities and 2-D settling shape factors, which described the irregularity of aggregates during the settling operation, were utilized in this work to estimate the parameters of a settling equation in which the fractal geometry of aggregates was incorporated. Based on these equations, the 2-D and 3-D size-density fractal dimension of digested sludge particles were determined.

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13

Wendling, Valentin, Nicolas Gratiot, Cédric Legout, Ian G. Droppo, Catherine Coulaud, and Bernard Mercier. "Using an optical settling column to assess suspension characteristics within the free, flocculation, and hindered settling regimes." Journal of Soils and Sediments 15, no. 9 (May 8, 2015): 1991–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1135-1.

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14

Mendez, Yuri. "The Hindered Settling Velocity of Particles of Any Shape in Low Reynolds Number Flow." Fluids 8, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8010021.

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This article takes insights from a previously derived mathematical framework for the free settling velocity of particles of any shape to model analytical constructs to solve the hindered settling velocity of hard particles of any shape. Because the geometry of the physical environment and continuity can be strictly enforced in the construct model, the relative velocity of the fluid front pumped upward by the settling particles can be found, thus allowing for calculation by subtracting the front velocity from the calculated velocity.

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15

Tokunaga, S. "Analysis of Dewatering Characteristics of Lake and River Sediments." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (May 1, 1991): 1969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0653.

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In order to analyze the dewatering characteristics of sediments, settling and filtration tests were made on 25 types of lake and river sediments. Relationships among the indexes of the dewatering characteristics and effects of particle size and ignition loss on the dewatering characterstics are analyzed. A linear correlation exists between the initial settling rate and the compression volume. Particle size shows linear correlations to the initial settling rate, compression volume, and water content of filter cake, indicating that sediments of fine particles are difficult to be dewatered. An existence of organic pollutants strongly reduces the efficiency of gravity settling. By the addition of NaCl (3 w/v%), the initial settling rates and the specific resistances decrease down to 56% and 35% those of the NaCl–free sediments, respectively.

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16

Etterer, T., and P. A. Wilderer. "Generation and properties of aerobic granular sludge." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0114.

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A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to investigate the generation of different granules cultured under aerobic and alternating anaerobic/aerobic conditions. The reactor was fed with synthetic wastewater. A substrate loading rate of 3.6 kg COD/ (m3 day) was applied. Granules of heterotrophic microorganisms were formed. After the first experimental period of 8 weeks the average granule diameter was 3.2 mm. In the second period, alternating anaerobic/aerobic conditions were applied to form granular sludge with an average diameter of 3.0 mm. An isopycnic centrifugation procedure was used to determine the characteristic density of the aerobic granular sludge. The average density of the granular sludge was 1.044 g/ml and 1.048 g/ml, respectively. In free-settling tests the final settling velocity of single aggregates was examined to estimate porosity. Settling velocities up to 2.0 cm/s could be measured. Calculations based on the experimental results showed an average granula porosity of 72% for the first run and 65% average porosity for the second run. This paper indicates the validity of general assumptions in free-settling tests.

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17

Wu, R. "Hydrodynamic drag on non-spherical floc and free-settling test." Water Research 35, no. 13 (September 2001): 3226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00050-1.

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18

Pang, S. J., Z. H. Zhang, Y. Bao, and S. Q. Gao. "Settling abalone veliger larvae in a free-swimming microalgal culture." Aquaculture 258, no. 1-4 (August 2006): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.028.

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19

Maxey, M. R. "The gravitational settling of aerosol particles in homogeneous turbulence and random flow fields." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 174 (January 1987): 441–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112087000193.

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The average settling velocity in homogeneous turbulence of a small rigid spherical particle, subject to a Stokes drag force, is shown to depend on the particle inertia and the free-fall terminal velocity in still fluid. With no inertia the particle settles on average at the same rate as in still fluid, assuming there is no mean flow. Particle inertia produces a bias in each trajectory towards regions of high strain rate or low vorticity, which affects the mean settling velocity. Results from a Gaussian random velocity field show that this produces an increased settling velocity.

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20

Kihn, Jean Claude, Charlotte L. Masy, Michèle M. Mestdagh, and Paul G. Rouxhet. "Yeast flocculation: factors affecting the measurement of flocculence." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 779–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-132.

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The physical meaning of the residual absorbance of a yeast suspension after flocculation and settling has been investigated. Starting with a dispersed suspension, agitation accelerates flocculation by increasing the probability of collision between particles. As flocculation advances, agitation also breaks the flocs. A stationary state is reached when flocculence (tendency to flocculate) is counterpoised by agitation. If the intensity of agitation is maintained constant, the free cell concentration reflects the flocculence, provided the stationary state is reached. The residual absorbance, determined after settling of the flocs, is a measure of the free cell concentration and represents an adequate parameter to characterize yeast flocculence.

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21

Dupont, René, and Claus Dahl. "A one-dimensional model for a secondary settling tank including density current and short-circuiting." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0105.

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This paper presents a dynamic one-dimensional flux model for the secondary settling tank which is suitable for use with the latest innovations in models for activated sludge tanks, and which takes into account observed effects of density current and short-circuiting. The components of the influent to the settling tank are divided into three fractions. Soluble components, non-settleable particulate components (primary particles), and settleable particulate components. (macroflocs). Soluble components and primary particles are considered to follow the hydraulic flow in the settling tank. The transport of macroflocs in the settling tank is modelled according to the traditional flux theory on a layer model of the settling tank extended with a model for density current and short-circuiting. For modelling of the density current in the inlet region of the settler a dynamic inlet height is introduced. The short-circuiting is modelled by the introduction of a factor which accounts for the dilution in the suspended solids concentration at the bottom of the settling tank down to the concentration in the return sludge flow. Settling velocities of the macroflocs for both free and hindered sedimentation are measured, and a new model for the settling velocity is proposed. The model is validated with data from the wastewater treatment plant Lynetten, Copenhagen, Denmark. It was found that the suspended sludge concentration profile and the suspended sludge concentration in the return sludge were predicted well with the model.

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22

L, Roessiana D., Setiyadi Setiyadi, and Sandy BH. "Model Persamaan Faktor Koreksi pada Proses Sedimentasi dalam Keadaan Free Settling." Jurnal Sains &Teknologi Lingkungan 6, no. 2 (September 13, 2014): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jstl.vol6.iss2.art3.

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23

Appolaire, B., V. Albert, H. Combeau, and G. Lesoult. "Free growth of equiaxed crystals settling in undercooled NH4Cl–H2O melts." Acta Materialia 46, no. 16 (October 1998): 5851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(98)00236-5.

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24

Lee, D. J., G. W. Chen, Y. C. Liao, and C. C. Hsieh. "On the free-settling test for estimating activated sludge floc density." Water Research 30, no. 3 (March 1996): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(95)00229-4.

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25

Nikolic, Zoran S. "Computer Simulation of Liquid Phase Sintering: Gravity Induced Skeletal Structure Evolution – A Review." Materials Science Forum 624 (June 2009): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.624.19.

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This paper summarizes and reviews a number of important theoretical and experimental results connected to study of gravitational effects on liquid phase sintering. However, we will also investigate numerically gravity induced skeletal structure evolution during liquid phase sintering. Applying domain methodology, solid skeleton evolution will be introduced by definition of skeleton units determined by equilibrium dihedral angle and formation of large solid skeleton arranged in long chain of connected solid-phase domains. The settling procedure will be simulated by two submodels: free settling model in which solid-phase domains fall under gravity over already settled domains, and extended model in which settled domains continue their motion till they reach a position of their local equilibrium. Three more submodels will be also defined: rearrangement densification model, settling densification model, and Brownian motion model. It will be assumed that under gravity condition Stokes’s law settling usually dominates microstructure formation, where the settling procedure as well as settling time will be used for computation of average migration distance during defined time interval. Thus gravity induced solid-phase domain structure evolution will be simulated by simultaneous computation of displacement of the center of mass. The new methodology will be applied for simulation of microstructural evolution of a regular multi-domain model under gravity and gravity conditions.

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26

Ganczarczyk, Jerzy J. "Microbial aggregates in wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 8 (October 1, 1994): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0388.

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Basic forms of microbial aggregates generated in wastewater treatment and techniques used to study them, are described and discussed. The role of the free-setting velocity in evaluation of some physical properties of activated sludge flocs is emphasized. Several regression models were applied to correlate the flocs' settling velocity with flocs' size values. For the studied samples a simple linear model proved to be superior to a multiplicative one, and an introduction to this model of a settling shape factor function instead of constant intercepts, provided a very good correlation of the experimental data. It is expected that a difference between shape factors for the most stable conditions of the flocs and those for the flocs under the settling conditions will make it possible to determine softness or stiffness of these microbial aggregates.

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27

LEI Yao-hu, 雷耀虎, 许桂雯 XU Gui-wen, 李乔飞 LI Qiao-fei, WALI Faiz WALI Faiz, 刘鑫 LIU Xin, 李冀 LI Ji, and 黄建衡 HUANG Jian-heng. "Fabrication of X-ray Absorption Gratings by Free Settling of Bismuth Nanoparticles." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 48, no. 10 (2019): 1005001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20194810.1005001.

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28

YILMAZ, Hilmi Kayhan, and Serkan TOPALOGLU. "Design of a spurious-free RF frequency synthesizer for fast-settling receivers." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES 28, no. 3 (May 8, 2020): 1264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/elk-1907-105.

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29

Fitch, Bryant. "A two-dimensional model for the free-settling regime in continuous thickening." AIChE Journal 36, no. 10 (October 1990): 1545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361010.

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30

Chai, Xiaofeng, Jian Liu, Yao Yu, Jianxiang Xi, and Changyin Sun. "Practical Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Time-Varying Formation Tracking Control for Disturbed Multi-Agent Systems with Continuous Communication Free." Unmanned Systems 09, no. 01 (October 2, 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385021500035.

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In this paper, we study the practical fixed-time event-triggered time-varying formation tracking problem of leader-follower multi-agent systems with multi-dimensional dynamics. Fixed-time event-triggered control schemes with continuous communication and intermittent communication are developed, respectively. Continuous communication and measurement are avoided, and computation cost is reduced greatly in the latter scheme. And the settling time is to be specified regardless of initial states of agents. Meanwhile, tracking errors are adjustable as desired with expected settling time. It is demonstrated that time-varying formation tracking can be achieved under the two proposed control schemes and Zeno behavior can be excluded. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.

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31

Zhou, Shao Ji, Xiao Yu Qin, Hui Xia Liu, and Wei Wei Wang. "A Preliminary Investigation on the Preparation of Bagasse Fly Ash as Clarifying Aid for Clarification of Cane Juice." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 1637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1637.

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The bagasse fly ash (BFA), an industrial solid waste of sugar industry, was used to facilitate the clarification of cane juice. After being grounded, washed, rinsed and dried, the BFA was added into the juice before the clarification process including heating the juice to 60°C, coagulation with magnesium sulfate at pH=11.0, flocculation with PAM, and then settling and filtration. The effect of BFA on purification indexes including turbidity, purity and color value of the clarified juice, and the addition of BFA on the settling and filtration rates were investigated. The results shown that while having little effect on the pufification indexes, the addition of BFA could intensify the solid-liquid separation of the clarification. The gravity settling was significantly improved with the addition of BFA, with an addition at 1.5%, the mud thickening rate at free settling phase was increased from 20.7 mL/min without addition of BFA to 270mL/min and the final mud volume reduced from 48.0% of the total volume to 32.3%, the settling time being about 5 minutes. With the addition of BFA, the filtration rate increased significantly, the filter cake specific resistance was reduced from 562.8 kg·s·m-4 without addition of BFA to 31.2kg·s·m-4 with the BFA addition of 1.5%, making the filtration feasible. The optimum addition of BFA and the pressure drop for the filtration were 1.5% and 0.1MPa respectively.

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32

Dahl, C., T. Larsen, and O. Petersen. "NUMERICAL MODELLING AND MEASUREMENT IN A TEST SECONDARY SETTLING TANK." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 2 (July 1, 1994): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0046.

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A numerical model and measurements of flow and settling in activated sludge suspension is presented. The numerical model is an attempt to describe the complex and interrelated hydraulic and sedimentation phenomena by describing the turbulent flow field and the transport/dispersion of suspended sludge. Phenomena such as free and hindered settling and the Bingham plastic characteristic of activated sludge suspensions are included in the numerical model. Further characterisation and test tank experiments are described. The characterisation experiments were designed to measure calibration parameters for model description of settling and density differences. In the test tank experiments, flow velocities and suspended sludge concentrations were measured with different tank inlet geometry and hydraulic and sludge loads. The test tank experiments provided results for the calibration of the numerical model and for comparing measured and calculated results. The numerical model could, fairly accurately, predict the measured results and both the measured and calculated results showed a flow field pattern identical to the flow fields in full-scale secondary settling tanks. A specific calibration of the Bingham plastic characteristic was needed and further knowledge of activated sludge suspension rheology will be necessary to improve the numerical model.

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33

ROBINSON, F. N. H., and H. OCKENDON. "A pure sine-wave oscillator with a fast settling time." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 9, no. 2 (April 1998): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679259800343x.

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An unforced oscillator which obeys the equation x¨+α (x2+x˙2−1)x˙+x=0 has a pure sine-wave limit cycle which is attained rapidly for a range of values of α. In this paper, free and forced oscillation of this equation are examined experimentally and compared with those for the Van der Pol oscillator. Asymptotic solutions for small α confirm the experimental results.

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34

Kryukov, Eugeny, Yury Bugoslavsky, Angel Joaquin Perez Linde, Thomas Holubar, Stephen Burgess, David Marlow, and Jeremy Good. "A method for fast field settling in cryogen-free superconducting magnets for NMR." Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 109 (October 2020): 101684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101684.

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35

Koziol, K., and P. Glowacki. "Determination of the free settling parameters of spherical particles in power law fluids." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 24, no. 4 (December 1988): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0255-2701(88)85001-3.

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36

Song, Jenn-Ming, Yu-Lin Shen, and Hsin-Yi Chuang. "Sedimentation of Cu-rich intermetallics in liquid lead-free solders." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 12 (December 2007): 3432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0431.

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This study investigated the behavior of Cu-containing intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in liquid Sn–Ag and Sn–Zn solders. Experimental results show that for the intermetallics investigated, Cu–Sn and Cu–Zn compounds, the occurrence of settling was dominated by the crystalline temperature of IMCs, buoyancy due to difference in densities, and dissolution potential for the compounds into the liquid. The complete dissolution of Cu–Zn compounds, which took place in the Sn–Zn solders when the Cu content exceeded a critical value, might be ascribed to the depletion of Zn in the melt.

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37

Zhu, Yeling, Yuki Gong, Heather Kaminsky, Michael Chae, Paolo Mussone, and David C. Bressler. "Using Specified Risk Materials-Based Peptides for Oil Sands Fluid Fine Tailings Management." Materials 14, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071582.

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Fluid fine tailings are produced in huge quantities by Canada’s mined oil sands industry. Due to the high colloidal stability of the contained fine solids, settling of fluid fine tailings can take hundreds of years, making the entrapped water unavailable and posing challenges to public health and the environment. This study focuses on developing value-added aggregation agents from specified risk materials (SRM), a waste protein stream from slaughterhouse industries, to achieve an improved separation of fluid fine tailings into free water and solids. Settling results using synthetic kaolinite slurries demonstrated that, though not as effective as hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, a commercial flocculant, the use of SRM-derived peptides enabled a 2-3-fold faster initial settling rate than the blank control. The pH of synthetic kaolinite tailings was observed to be slightly reduced with increasing peptides dosage in the test range (10–50 kg/ton). The experiments on diluted fluid fine tailings (as a representation of real oil sands tailings) demonstrated an optimum peptides dosage of 14 kg/ton, which resulted in a 4-fold faster initial settling rate compared to the untreated tailings. Overall, this study demonstrates the novelty and feasibility of using SRM-peptides to address intractable oil sands fluid tailings.

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38

Jirout, Tomáš, and Dita Jiroutová. "Hindered Settling of Fiber Particles in Viscous Fluids." Processes 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10091701.

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In the current literature, information can mainly be found about free and hindered settling of isometric particles in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. These conclusions cannot be used to describe the sedimentation of non-isometric particle in non-Newtonian fluids. For this reason, we have carried out systematic experiments and calculated the correlation of the hindered settling velocity of a cloud of non-isometric particles in high-viscosity and pseudoplastic liquid. The experiments were performed in transparent model fluids, namely, glycerine (a Newtonian fluid) and an aqueous solution of carboxylmethylcelulose CMC (a non-Newtonian pseudo-plastic liquid). These fluids have similar rheological properties, for example, the fresh fine-grained cementitious composites HPC/UHPC. The experiments were carried out with steel fibers with a ratio of d/l = 0.3/20. The settling velocity was determined for fiber volumes from 1% to 5%. While it is known from previous studies that for spherical particles the hindered settling velocity is proportional to the porosity of a suspension cloud on exponent 4.8, which was confirmed by our verification experiment, for the studied fiber particles it is proportional to the porosity on exponent 22.1. This great increase in the exponent is an effect of both the shape of the particles and, in particular, a mutual influence that arises from their interweaving and connection in the suspension.

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39

FUJIWARA, Tadao, and Koji HIROSE. "A Study of a Flow Field in a Circular Settling Tank : Free-settling of a Spherical Particle in a Flow Field Induced by Suction." Bulletin of JSME 28, no. 235 (1985): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.28.68.

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40

Salamatov, V. I., O. V. Salamatov, and D. Yu Zabolotnyaya. "K-4 Impact on Dehydration Process of Red Mud Settling." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 022030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/2/022030.

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Abstract The article represents the results of a study on the red mud dehydration process (thickening, filtration, filtration washing) obtained in the alumina production during the processing of the low-silica bauxites. The synthetic flocculant K-4 has been used in order to intensify the red mud dehydration process. The main washing periods have been studied in the process of the filtration washing analysis. The expendable module impact on the effectiveness of aluminate solution cleaning (mother liquor) obtained from the mud settling has been represented. The settling washing, treated by the flocculant, has been established to allow increasing the quantity of the specific effective moisture at the cost of the mutual volume of the standing pores and the grow of free moisture volume.

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41

Lessard, Catherine, Donald Ellis, Jean Sérodes, and Christian Bouchard. "Traitement physico-chimique d'une eau souterraine fortement chargée en fer et en manganèse." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-012.

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Conventional greensand treatment for the removal of iron and manganese from groundwater is not quite appropriate for waters with a high content of iron and manganese. In this pilot study, different modifications to this process were tested to improve treatment performances for water with a high concentration of iron and manganese: addition of a settling tank, use of sand and anthracite covered with manganese oxides, and aeration. Different oxidants and oxidation sequences were also tested. Results show that the presence of a high quantity of iron significantly improves removal of manganese. These results also confirm that manganese oxidation can be realized with free chlorine inside a filter bed other than greensand, provided that the excess of free chlorine is sufficient. Within the conditions studied, the target area for filtration performances can be attained for every treatment sequence tested and for a filtering aid dose ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/L. Although groundwater aeration leads to better settling performances, it also accelerates head loss in the filtering bed when a filtering aid is present.Key words: groundwater, iron, manganese, pilot study, treatment, separation.

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42

Kondrat'ev, A. S., and E. A. Naumova. "Calculation of the Velocity of Free Settling of Solid Particles in a Newtonian Liquid." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 37, no. 6 (November 2003): 606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:tfce.0000007908.83549.74.

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43

Utenov, E. S., A. Zh Zhusupbekov, K. A. Abdrakhmanova, G. K. Tanyrbergenova, and A. T. Mukhamedzhanova. "Numerical Analysis of Settling of Foundations of Heightened Buildings by the Modulus-Free Method." Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 56, no. 4 (September 2019): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11204-019-09597-4.

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44

Stamou, A. I., M. Latsa, and D. Assimacopoulos. "Design of two-storey final settling tanks using mathematical models." Journal of Hydroinformatics 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2000.0021.

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A mathematical model is applied to the design of two-storey final settling tanks. Computations show that the flow and suspended solids (SS) concentration fields for the upper and bottom tanks are similar. The flow field has the ‘two-layer’ structure, observed in real and laboratory settling tanks, consisting of a bottom current and a free surface return current with approximately equal heights. The SS concentration field is governed by the flow field (and vice versa). The SS concentration profiles are uniform in the major part of the tanks. The hydraulic and SS removal efficiencies improve with decreasing flow rate. In both tanks the outlet SS concentrations are lower than the maximum permissible value (20 mg l−1), with the upper tank showing a better performance than the bottom tank.

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45

Dai, Minglu, Chengxu Tu, Pengfei Du, Zhongke Kuang, Jiaming Shan, Xu Wang, and Fubing Bao. "Near-Wall Settling Behavior of a Particle in Stratified Fluids." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122070.

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The phenomenon of near-wall particle settling in a stratified fluid is an emerging topic in the field of multiphase flow, and it is also widely found in nature and engineering applications. In stratified fluids, particle settling characteristics are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the upper and lower fluids, the particle size, the particle density, and the initial sedimentation conditions. In this study, the main objective is to determine the effect of liquid viscosity and particle density on the detaching process, and the trajectory and velocity of near-wall settling particles in stratified fluids. The inertia and velocity of the particle had a greater impact on the tail pinch-off model in low-viscosity lower fluids; that is, the lower the inertia and velocity, the more apparent the order between deep and shallow seal pinch-off. In comparison, in high-viscosity lower fluids, the tail pinch-off models of different inertia and velocity particles were similar. In terms of particle trajectory, the transverse motion of the particle in the low-viscosity lower fluid exhibited abrupt changes; that is, the particles moved away from the wall suddenly, whereas in the high-viscosity lower fluid, the transverse movement was gradual. Due to the existence of the wall, the transverse motion direction of the free settling particles in the stratified fluid, which is determined by the rotation direction of the particles, changed to a direction away from the wall regardless of the particle rotation direction. This transverse movement also caused the particle settling velocity to drop suddenly or its rising rate to decrease, this is because part of the energy was used for transverse motion and to increase the transverse velocity. In our study, the near-wall settling of particles in a stratified fluid mainly affected the particle trajectory; that is, forced movement away from the wall, thus changing the particle velocity. This characteristic provides a new approach to manipulate particles away from the wall.

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46

Sun, Xiaofeng, Minghao Sun, and Zijian Li. "A Novel Prediction Model of the Drag Coefficient of Shale Cuttings in Herschel–Bulkley Fluid." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 4496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124496.

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In the drilling industry, it is of great significance to accurately predict the drag coefficient and settling velocity of drill cuttings falling in the non-Newtonian drilling fluid. However, the irregular shape of drill cuttings and the non-Newtonian rheological properties of drilling fluid (e.g., shear-thinning and yield stress behavior) make it challenging to predict the settling velocity. In this study, the velocity of particle settlement was studied by a visual device and high-speed camera system. Experimental data of the free settlement of 224 irregular drilling cuttings and 105 spherical particles in the Herschel–Bulkley fluid were obtained. A mechanical model dependent on the force balance of settlement particles was adopted to conduct a detailed statistical analysis of the experimental results, and a prediction model of the drag coefficient of spherical particles in the Herschel–Bulkley fluid was established. A two-dimensional shape description parameter is introduced to establish a model for predicting the drag coefficient of irregular-shaped cuttings in a Herschel–Bulkley fluid. The model has high prediction accuracy for the settling velocity of irregular shale cuttings in Herschel–Bulkley fluid. The average relative error is 7.14%, verifying the model’s accuracy.

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47

Stamou, Anastasios, and Anthoula Gkesouli. "Modeling settling tanks for water treatment using computational fluid dynamics." Journal of Hydroinformatics 17, no. 5 (March 6, 2015): 745–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.069.

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A computational fluid dynamics model is presented for the calculation of the flow, suspended solids, and tracer concentration fields in the settling tanks of the water treatment plant of Aharnes, an important component of the water supply system of the greater area of Athens, Greece. The model is applied to investigate the expected negative effect of the wind on the hydraulic and settling performance of the tanks and to evaluate the improvement resulting from the installation of one and two baffles; the wind is modeled using a simple and very conservative approach that involves the setting of a constant horizontal flow velocity on the free surface. The model is calibrated and verified with field turbidity measurements. Calculations show that the effect of wind on the flow field and the hydraulic efficiency is strong, with the creation of massive re-circulation areas with intense mixing and high short circuiting; however, the effect of wind on the settling performance of the tanks is not pronounced. The removal efficiency of the tanks, which is 72.48% in calm conditions, is reduced to 68.07% for windy conditions; moreover, it increases to 70.00 and 71.04%, when one or two baffles are installed, respectively.

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48

Xu, Tao, Haisheng Yu, and Jinpeng Yu. "Finite-Time Control for a Coupled Four-Tank Liquid Level System Based on the Port-Controlled Hamiltonian Method." Complexity 2020 (November 27, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5320756.

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This work investigates the finite-time control problem for a nonlinear four-tank cross-coupled liquid level system by the port-controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) model. A fixed-free methodology is exhibited which can be used to simplify the controller design procedure. To get an adjustable convergent gain of the finite-time control, a feasible technique named damping normalization is proposed. A novel parameter autotuning algorithm is given to clarify the principle of choosing parameters of the PCH method. Furthermore, a finite-time controller is designed by a state-error desired Hamiltonian function, and the relationship between the settling time and a parameter is given, which can be applied in practical engineering easily to adjust the settling time according to the industrial need. Finally, simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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49

Krasinski, Keith, Robert S. Holzman, Bruce Hanna, M. Alba Greco, Michael Graff, and Madhu Bhogal. "Nosocomial Fungal Infection During Hospital Renovation." Infection Control 6, no. 7 (July 1985): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700061750.

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AbstractNosocomial fungal pulmonary infections (Zygomycetes, Aspergillussp.) developed in two premature infants in a special care unit (SCU) adjacent to an area of renovation. Inspection showed that inadequate barriers permitted the passage of airborne particles between the two areas, and cultures confirmed a significantly higher (p≤0.05) density of mold spores in the SCU (0.88 cfu per hour per settling plate) compared to a construction-free comparison area (0.22 cfu per hour per settling plate). The major source of mold was the dust above the hospital's false ceiling. In another construction area, impervious barriers were shown to effectively restrict the dispersal of mold. Our experience addsRhizopustoAspergillusas a possible cause of construction-related nosocomial infection. Sporadic episodes will continue to occur until the hazards of renovation are appreciated and effective preventive measures are routinely instituted.

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50

Gardner, Wayne S., Brian J. Eadie, Joann F. Chandler, Christopher C. Parrish, and John M. Malczyk. "Mass Flux and "Nutritional Composition" of settling Epilimnetic Particles in Lake Michigan." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-145.

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A series of sediment-trap samples, collected at a 30-m depth in southeastern Lake Michigan, was analyzed to evaluate the seasonal flux and nutritional value of settling epilimnetic particles as potential food for benthic organisms. Flux was highest in the spring (due in part to resuspension), lowest in the summer during stratification, and intermediate during autumn months. Organic content of the particles ranged from 10% ash free dry weight (AFDW) in March through May samples to 17–19% in July–August samples. During the summer, microbial degradation of organic materials occurred in the trap bottles without added preservative, as evidenced by less AFDW in nonpreserved trap bottles than in similar chloroform-preserved bottles. The percentage of AFDW occuring as lipid ranged from 3.5% in April–May up to 14% during May through August. Dominant lipid classes were hydrocarbons, polar lipids including phospholipids and chlorophyll a, and free fatty acids. The ratio of n-alkane C-17 (algal indicator) to n-alkane C-29 (terrestrial or resuspension indicator) and the ratio of biogenic silica to AFDW in preserved samples both reached a maximum in May, shortly before lipid content peaked in the benthic amphipod, Pontoporeia hoyi. This observation agrees with the hypothesis that P. hoyi receives much of its nutrition from the spring algal bloom.

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