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Книги з теми "Free payments"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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1

Parikh, Ashok. Impact of liberalization, economic growth and trade policies on current accounts of developing countries: An econometric study. Helsinki: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2002.

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2

Goodman, Jordan Elliot. Master your debt: Slash your monthly payments and become debt free. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010.

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3

Bill, Westrom, ed. Master your debt: Slash your monthly payments and become debt free. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010.

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4

Browne, F. X. Technological advances in payments: Laissez-faire banking and monetary theory. Dublin: Central Bank of Ireland, 1994.

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5

Mappa, Sanford L. How to become mortgage free in ten years or less without extra payments. Glenview, IL: Lunar Pub., 1996.

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6

Sorsa, Piritta. Macroeconomic conditions and import surcharges in selected transition economies. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Policy Development and Review Department, 1999.

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7

Gabb, Anthony A. Implications of the North American free trade agreement for balance of payments and external debt in Belize. Jamaica, New York: Division of Administration & Economics, St. Vincent's College, St. John's University, 1997.

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8

Funabashi, Yōichi. Tsūka retsuretsu. Tōkyō: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1988.

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9

Funabashi, Yōichi. Managing the dollar: From the Plaza to the Louvre. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1988.

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10

Managing the dollar: From the Plaza to the Louvre. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: Institute for International Economics, 1989.

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11

Funabashi, Yoichi. Managing the dollar: From the plaza to the Louvre. Washington, D.C: Institute for International Economics, 1988.

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12

Funabashi, Yoichi. Managing the dollar: From the plaza to the Louvre. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: Institute for International Economics, 1989.

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13

South Africa. Office of the Auditor-General., ed. Report of the Auditor-General to the Free State Legislature on the special audit investigation into alleged irregularities in respect of payments to adult basic education and training centres in the Free State Department of Education. [South Africa]: Office of the Auditor-General, 2006.

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14

Trade and dependence: Essays on the Indian economy. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1999.

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15

Hirelings: African American workers and free labor in early Maryland. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 2011.

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16

Lion, Joanna. Development of a case mix based reimbursement method for hospital OPDS and free-standing clinics. Waltham, Mass: Heller School, Brandeis University, 1986.

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17

Moine, Donald J. How to be mortgage free in 8 to 10 years by making only one extra payment! [Rolling Hills Estates, Calif: Association for Human Achievement], 1995.

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18

United States. Congress. House. A bill to direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to make additional payments under the Medicare program to certain home health agencies with high-cost patients, to provide for an interest-free grace period for the repayment of overpayments made by the Secretary to home health agencies, and for other purposes. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office, 1999.

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19

Britain, Great. An act to allow the importation of rum and other spirits, from the island of Bermuda into the province of Lower Canada without payment of duty, on the same terms and conditions as such importation may be made directly from His Majesty's sugar colonies in the West Indies. London: Printed by George Eyre and Andrew Strahan, Printers to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 2001.

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20

Britain, Great. An act to permit, until the first day of October one thousand eight hundred and one, the importation of herrings and other fish, the produce of the fishery carried on in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and on the coast of Labrador, into this kingdom, without payment of duty. London: Printed by George Eyre and Andrew Strahan, Printers to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 2001.

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21

Britain, Great. An act to allow the importation of rum, or other spirits, from His Majesty's colonies or plantations in the West Indies, into the Province of Quebec, without payment of duty, under certain conditions and restrictions. [London: s.n., 2001.

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22

Office, Great Britain War. Canada (warlike stores, &c.): Return to an address of the Honourable the House of Commons, dated 1 May 1872 for, " Returns of all small arms, ordnance, projectiles, ammunition, accoutrements, and all other stores handed over to the government of the Dominion of Canada, in free gift, within three years of the date on which the regular forces were withdrawn from the Upper Provinces of the Dominion, and including the year in which the forces were so withdrawn, with an approximate statement of the value of the different kinds of stores"; "of all other stores transferred on payment to the Government of the Dominion, with an approximate statement of their actual value, and a statement of the amount paid by the government for their stores"; " descriptive statement of all forts and of all other military and other public buildings transferred to the government of the Dominion without payment"; "and, statement of the forts and buildings handed over on payment, with an approximate valuation ...". [London: HMSO, 2002.

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23

Gill, Tim. Duty Free?: Payments for Charity Trustees. NCVO Publications, 1994.

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24

Gill, Tim, and Kate Kirkland. Trustee Briefings: Duty Free?: Payments for Charity Trusts. NCVO Publications, 1997.

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25

Gill, Tim, and Kate Kirkland. Trustee Briefings: Duty Free?: Payments for Charity Trusts. NCVO Publications, 1995.

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26

Goodman, Jordan E., and Bill Westrom. Master Your Debt: Slash Your Monthly Payments and Become Debt Free. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2010.

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27

Goodman, Jordan E. AARP Master Your Debt: Slash Your Monthly Payments and Become Debt Free. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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28

Goodman, Jordan E. AARP Master Your Debt: Slash Your Monthly Payments and Become Debt Free. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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29

Goodman, Jordan E. AARP Master Your Debt: Slash Your Monthly Payments and Become Debt Free. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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30

Goodman, Jordan E. AARP Master Your Debt: Slash Your Monthly Payments and Become Debt Free. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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31

Desroches, Crystle. Set up Your Payments : a Practical Guide to Starting an Ecommerce Business: Free Commerce. Independently Published, 2021.

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32

King, Winner. Debt Payoff Planner A5: Small Format Tracker / Log Book to Record Payments Towards Being Free of Debt. Independently Published, 2021.

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33

Tsuka retsuretsu. Asahi Shinbunsha, 1988.

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34

Officer, Lawrence H. New Balance of Payments for the United States, 1790-1919: International Movement of Free and Enslaved People, Funds, Goods and Services. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.

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35

New Balance of Payments for the United States, 1790-1919: International Movement of Free and Enslaved People, Funds, Goods and Services. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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36

Dimand, Robert. Pre-Classical Views of Trade: The Origins of International Economics (Logos Studies in Language & Linguistics.). Routledge, 2004.

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37

Dimand, Robert W. The Origins of International Economics (Logos Studies in Language & Linguistics.). Routledge, 2004.

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38

Vetter, George. No Debt No Fret: The Guide to Payment Free Highlife. Independently Published, 2017.

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39

Dimand, Robert. General Equilibrium in International Trade: The Origins of International Economics (The Origins of International Economic). Routledge, 2004.

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40

Brusse, Wendy Asbeek. 4. Liberalization, Convertibility, and the Common Market. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199570829.003.0005.

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Анотація:

This chapter examines how the European Payments Union resolved the problem of currency convertibility and unlocked the potential of trade liberalization, thereby paving the way for the European Economic Community (EEC), which in turn spurred further intra-European trade. It first provides an overview of trade and payments before and immediately after World War II and goes on to discuss postwar approaches to convertibility and liberalization. It then considers the degree, speed, and commitment with which countries opened up their domestic markets to each other's exports under the Trade Liberalization Programme. It concludes with an assessment of Britain's efforts to join a wider free trade area with the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation.

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41

Lyons, David. Reparations for Slavery and Jim Crow. Edited by Naomi Zack. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.013.31.

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Although slavery was abolished in 1865, racial subordination was maintained under Jim Crow, and those wrongs have caused lasting harms. Governments, institutions, and individuals (including corporations) are morally accountable today if they supported or profited from slavery or Jim Crow. Reparations would include cash payments, but moral wrongs are not fully repaired by material compensation. Slavery and Jim Crow were total systems predicated on a persisting ideology of white supremacy. Reparations should enable those wronged to rebuild their lives, free of oppressive racism.

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42

Grivno, Max. 3. “There Are Objections to Black and White, but One Must Be Chosen”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036521.003.0004.

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This chapter explores farmers' strategies for recruiting and disciplining a diverse workforce of slaves, free blacks, and hired whites. Regardless of the composition of their workforces, landowners labored under certain imperatives: they needed to eliminate or at least trim the cost of supporting their workers' dependent kin and to rid themselves of surplus hands during slower seasons while guaranteeing a workforce adequate for harvesting wheat. To balance these competing imperatives, employers of free labor winnowed workers they perceived as unproductive from their rolls and crafted economic and legal stratagems to bring hired farmhands to heel. For their part, slave owners grafted the most attractive elements of free labor onto the peculiar institution, such as cash payments and promises of freedom. Thus, when viewed from the perspective of northern Maryland's farmers and planters, the distinction between slavery and free labor appears murky: the seasonal rhythms of wheat production shaped both.

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43

Campbell, McLachlan, Shore Laurence, and Weiniger Matthew. Part I Overview, 2 The Basic Features of Investment Treaties. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199676798.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 introduces the reader to the basic features of investment treaties, with particular emphasis on two types of treaties under which investment arbitrations have arisen: bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and multilateral investment treaties. It first discusses the structure of BITs, focusing on provisions in such areas as substantive rights, compensation for losses (war clause), free transfer of payments, dispute settlement, and subrogation. It then examines the common provisions of four major multilateral investment treaties, namely: NAFTA; the Energy Charter Treaty; the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement and the newly-concluded Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (not yet in force).

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44

Feller, Laurent. Travail, salaire et pauvreté au moyen âge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0010.

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Hired working is a topic rarely dealt with by medievalists. It is nevertheless a central matter: beside the corvée and the range of constraints that goes with the seigniorial system, wages play an important part in the organization of rural or urban working. In the first place, every kind of work, even constrained work, has a cost. This ranges from the material organization of the tasks to the offering of a meal or to the payment of a monetary counterpart in exchange for the work. These features are compensations for the time passed in the fields or in the workshop and for the strength and skill used to satisfy the demands of the master. The fact that this cost is not necessarily, and never entirely, monetized is a barrier to thinking that between tenth and fifteenth centuries work could be considered a mere commodity whose wage is a price. The existence of counterparts in working means that there are reciprocal obligations: this fits well with an economic system in which acts and things can be valued according to social or political circumstances. Hired working appears to have been part of the seigniorial system from its very beginnings, as a marginal but useful way to obtain work from free workers. The way in which the different tasks are remunerated, and not only the amounts concerned, reveal the hierarchies in working: there is a gap between the gold given once a year to an architect (or to a professor at a university) and the bullion used to pay workers once a week on construction sites. The ways of remunerating work can be very complicated, mixing payments in cash and in kind. These payments show a considerable confusion in the conception of what the remuneration consists of: different words are used, even in the same contexts, to indicate the same economic reality, especially in rural contexts where the remuneration can involve clothes, cash, food, and accommodation. In the end, salary and poverty appear to be closely linked in the mentalities as well as in the social and economic reality. Hired working, salary, and misery are clearly three interrelated features of the medieval economic and social reality.

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45

Marken, Penny. Bill Payment Organizer: Organize Your Way to Being Debt Free. Independently Published, 2022.

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46

1952-, Yi Chʻang-jae, and Taeoe Kyŏngje Chŏngchʻaek Yŏnʾguwŏn (Korea), eds. From East Asian FTAs to an EAFTA: Typology of East Asian FTAs and implications for an EAFTA. Seoul, Korea: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, 2006.

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47

Trader's ABC. European Free Trade Association, 1994.

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48

Rashid, Salim, and Irwan Shah Zainal Abidin. From TPPA to CPTPP: potential impact on Malaysia's finance, banking and trade. UUM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789672210962.

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The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) is an economic partnership pact negotiated by 12 countries in three continents, namely Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, United States and Vietnam. The TPPA has evolved into the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), when the United States pulled out from the multilateral free trade deal in 2018. Malaysia began negotiations on the TPPA in August 2010, and participated as a full negotiating member from October 2010 onwards.The TPPA itself was based on the United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS), which was completed in 2011. This agreement provided a benchmark to decide and evaluate on several issues in the CPTPP. The overall intent of the CPTPP is a simple one: it is to extend non-discriminatory practices to all CPTPP members. This does not mean that regulations and restrictions will not exist that such regulations will apply equally to Malaysian and non-Malaysian CPTPP members. Contentious issues in the CPTPP will be analyse and discuss in this book. Is the Malaysian economy ready for the CPTPP rules especially in the financial and capital markets? To what extent that Bank Negaras ability to retain their power to intervene when either the balance of payments or the currency is felt to be under threat with CPTPP? What are the impacts of CPTPP to the real economic side of the Malaysian economy? Will national rights are being relinquished under CPTPP? How about the concern over investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS)? This book will address these issues in an objective and rational manner.

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49

Poblete, JoAnna. Flexible and Accommodating. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038297.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the labor recruitment and retention strategies developed by the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association (HSPA) specifically for Filipino U.S. colonials. Learning from the mistakes of Puerto Rican recruitment, the HSPA successfully attracted legally mobile Filipinos to Hawaiʻi through a variety of programs, such as predominantly male migration, free return passage after three years of work, family reunions, and the payment of transport for workers' wives and children to join them in Hawaiʻi. With access to and support for open colonial mobility, intra-colonial Filipino laborers willingly moved to work on sugar plantations in the islands. The chapter shows that the recruitment of Filipinos prevented what could have been grave labor shortages in local plantations. It explains how the HSPA's flexible programs gave Filipinos a range of mobility choices that Puerto Rican intra-colonials did not have.

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50

Sawyer, W. Charles. U.S. International Trade Policy. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216028529.

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Анотація:

To understand trade policy, one needs to understand the basics of international economics. This book provides nonspecialists with accessible explanations of international trade, enabling readers to appreciate the importance of current events in international trade policy. Due to the ever-increasing globalization of the U.S. economy, articles that involve international trade policy—both here and abroad—are increasingly common in publications such as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Economist. In many cases, it is apparent that the authors of such articles lack a sound understanding of the basics of international trade policy. Similarly, many nonspecialist readers do not have the necessary background to grasp the meaning of current events in international economics. This book serves both writers and readers, providing concise, easy-to-understand overviews of the key topics necessary for journalists to write understandable articles on trade policy and for readers to understand what they are reading. The book begins with coverage of the basic framework of international economics that readers need to grasp in order to understand trade policy. The next two sections cover the tools of trade policy and the political factors that drive their use. The author discusses the history of trade policy, describes how it has evolved over time, and explains where it is headed in the future. Readers will come away with a working understanding of topics such as balance of payments, the current account, comparative advantage, government export subsidies, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Doha Round, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the European Union (EU), and the U.S. Trade Representative.

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