Статті в журналах: "Free of administration"

1

Stoinea, Vasilică. "Flawed Administration through the Lens of Free Access to Public Information." Perspectives of Law and Public Administration 13, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62768/plpa/2024/13/1/02.

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This paper conducts an analysis of the concept of "good administration" in contrast to the concept of "flawed administration", with both concepts being examined through the lens of free access to public information. Issues related to access to public information are often timely and can have a significant impact on society and political processes. Therefore, research in this field can be particularly relevant and can capture public attention. Transparent and responsible public administration is essential for good governance. This theme can contribute to identifying issues of flawed administration in the domain of public information communication and can provide solutions for enhancing governmental transparency. The uniqueness of the theme lies in its multifaceted approach, including transparency and administrative responsibility, legislation concerning access to public information, as well as the use of specific case studies to illustrate issues related to this topic. Thus, in this article, we will present several pertinent cases from judicial practice that illustrate how flawed administration is often linked to the denial or restriction of access to public information.

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2

Prasad, Kamala. "Free, Fair, Peaceful Election and the Administration." Indian Journal of Public Administration 37, no. 3 (July 1991): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119910313.

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3

Khunga, CC. "Modern States’ Administration: Cases of Nigeria and Sudan." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55190/mvgs6083.

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The main purpose of this article is to examine the role played by modern states in administration, using Nigeria and Sudan as case studies. Modern states have become predominant basis on which political authority and power are constructed, playing important roles in administration and governance of countries. They ensure that citizens are protected and that there is stability, both internally and externally. Using open systems theory and content analysis, this article conducted a systematic review of literature. The article finds that Nigeria and Sudan administrations have not been effective due political instabilities and violence perpetrated by groups such as Boko Haram insurgents. As a result, these countries experience challenges in governance, economic sustainability and administration. It recommends stakeholder mobilisation for effective politics-free administration. Keywords: Open Systems; Modern States; Administration; Politics; Nigeria; Sudan

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4

Agosti, Emanuela, Provera Alessia, Laila L. Gadipudi, Naresh N. Ramavath, Colasanto Antonio, Davide Raineri, Annalisa Chiocchetti, et al. "Cholesterol-Free Ketogenic Diet Administration Ameliorates Experimental Metabolic Syndrome." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A43—A44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.085.

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Abstract Background and Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathologic condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The prevalence of MetS parallels the rise of obesity rate reaching pandemic proportions due to the increased consumption of high-calories-high-fat-high-carbohydrates low-fibers diet associated with a sedentary lifestyle. MetS is associated with a plethora of comorbidities as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Noteworthy, NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of MetS, and it can further progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that, in its turn, can evolve to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the clinical relevance of NAFLD/NASH, however, effective therapy is still lacking. Lifestyle changes, including diet and physical activity, are so far the most effective interventions in NAFLD. Referring to nutritional approaches, however, there is not a definitive agreement concerning the dietary regimen to introduce into clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the capacity of a cholesterol-free ketogenic diet (KD) to improve pathological parameters associated with experimental MetS. Methods: MetS was induced in C57BL/6 mice by feeding with a cholesterol-enriched western diet (WD) up to 16 weeks followed by the switching to KD for further 8 weeks. WD and KD were chemical characterized through GC and SD-PAGE analysis. Results: KD administration in MetS mice significantly improved the liver pathological manifestations by lowering the gene expression of pro-inflammatory/fibrogenetic markers such as CCl2, IL-12, CD11b, OPN, Gal-3, TGF-β and α1-procollagen. Furthermore, KD feeding decreased the hepatic content of triglycerides and the hepatocellular damage, as testified by the reduction in ALT release. These observations were further supported by the histological analyses that revealed a significant amelioration in the extent of steatosis, necro-inflammation, and collagen fibers deposition, as confirmed by the Sirius-red staining in KD-fed mice. Interestingly, KD reduced the splenomegaly observed in WD-fed mice suggesting a reduction in chronic systemic inflammation. Finally, KD feeding ameliorated WD-induced muscle atrophy as confirmed by the recovery of the gastrocnemius mass. Microbiota analyses are ongoing. Conclusion: Altogether these results suggest that cholesterol-free ketogenic diet administration might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for MetS.

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5

Grant, Kathleen A., and Herman H. Samson. "Oral self administration of ethanol in free feeding rats." Alcohol 2, no. 2 (March 1985): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-8329(85)90067-9.

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6

Grant, Kathleen A., and Chris Ellyn Johanson. "Oral Ethanol Self-Administration in Free-Feeding Rhesus Monkeys." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 12, no. 6 (December 1988): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb01345.x.

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7

Bartnikas, Lisa M., Michelle F. Huffaker, William J. Sheehan, Watcharoot Kanchongkittiphon, Carter R. Petty, Robert Leibowitz, Marissa Hauptman, Michael C. Young, and Wanda Phipatanakul. "Impact of school peanut-free policies on epinephrine administration." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 140, no. 2 (August 2017): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.040.

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8

Bartnikas, Lisa M., Michelle F. Huffaker, William J. Sheehan, Watcharoot Kanchongkittiphon, Carter Petty, Anne Sheetz, Robert Leibowitz, Michael C. Young, and Wanda Phipatanakul. "Impact Of School Peanut-Free Guidelines On Epinephrine Administration." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 133, no. 2 (February 2014): AB207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.743.

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9

Ehrl, Denis, Svenja Pistek, Clemens Rieder, Michael Irlbeck, Klaus Hofmann-Kiefer, David Braig, Frederic Klein, Philipp Groene, Riccardo E. Giunta, and Nicholas Moellhoff. "Impact of Postoperative Norepinephrine Administration on Free Flap Flow." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 24 (December 20, 2024): 7816. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247816.

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Background/Objectives: The perioperative interplay between blood pressure, vasopressors, and macrocirculation is well established. However, in the context of free flap surgery, the potential impact of these factors on microvascular flow remains elusive. The aim was to evaluate the impact of norepinephrine administration on the microcirculation of free flaps. Methods: Postoperative systolic blood pressure (sBP), norepinephrine infusion rates (NIRs), and free flap microcirculation were monitored prospectively and analyzed retrospectively in patients receiving free flap surgery who required postoperative intermediate (IMC) or intensive care (ICU). Blood flow, hemoglobin oxygenation (SO2), and relative hemoglobin levels (rHbs) were measured over a period of 24 hours post-anastomosis by laser-doppler flowmetry and white light spectroscopy using the “Oxygen to See” device (O2C, LEA Medizintechnik, Gießen, Germany). Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the impact of NIR on microvascular flow, adjusting for several confounding factors. Subgroup analysis was conducted by categorizing into three groups based on patients’ postoperative sBP. Results: Flaps were performed in 105 patients with a mean age of 61.46 ± 16.29 years. Postoperatively, an increase in microvascular flow over time was observed across all free flaps, while NIR decreased and sBP maintained stable values. Multivariate analysis revealed that the time post-anastomosis (B = 3.76, p < 0.001), SO2 (B = 0.55, p < 0.001), rHb (B= −0.79, p < 0.001), female gender (B = 29.25, p = 0.02), and no previous radiation therapy (B = 41.21, p = 0.04) had a significant impact on postoperative microvascular flow in free flaps. NIR, sBP, smoking status, old age, and ASA score showed no significant impact on free flap flow. Further, NIR showed no significant impact on microvascular flow in any of the subgroups investigated. Conclusions: These findings support the safety of using norepinephrine for maintaining stable blood pressure without compromising microvascular flow, offering valuable guidance for postoperative management.

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10

Malo-Manso, Alfredo, Aida Raigon-Ponferrada, Julia Diaz-Crespo, Juan J. Escalona-Belmonte, Jose Cruz-Mañas, and Jose L. Guerrero-Orriach. "Opioid Free Anaesthesia and Cancer." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 28 (October 21, 2019): 3011–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190705183754.

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: Opioid-free anesthesia is revolutionizing anesthetic practices for its potential benefits in selected patients. Opioid-free anesthesia represents a step forward in anesthetic practice as it has been suggested to provide potential clinical benefits for selected patients. Opioid-free anesthesia spares the use of opioids and involves the administration of multiple adjuvant anesthetics, which may have an impact on cancer progression. All this have added to the growing interest in the immune response to anesthetics, making opioid-free anesthesia a promising avenue for future research. : Assessing the role of anesthetics in immunomodulation in the surgical setting is challenging, and results are often contradictory. Indeed, there is a scarcity of data of studies on humans, which hinder the interpretation of results. However, promising evidence has been published that cancer progression can be delayed by the administration of specific anesthetic agents.

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11

Fox, Charles J. "Free to choose, free to win, free to lose: the phenomenology of ethical space." International Journal of Public Administration 12, no. 6 (January 1989): 913–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900698908524659.

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12

Ketsa, O. V., A. P. Husliakova, and M. M. Marchenko. "Free radical processes in the liver mitochondria of rats exposed to diethyl phthalate." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 96, no. 1 (February 23, 2024): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj96.01.073.

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Diethyl phthalate (DEF) is a synthetic chemical widely used as plasticizer and additive in personal care and pharmaceutical products. Low-dose exposure to this xenobiotic over a long period contributes to its intake into the human body in a high doses. To date, studies of DEF influence on free radical processes in liver cells, in which it is not only metabolized but can also have a prooxidant effect, remain limited. The aim of our research was to determine ROS formation, the intensity of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) and proteolytic activity in the mitochondrial fraction of liver tissue of rats exposed to diethyl phtalate. The experimental white outbred rats were divided into three groups: I – intact animals (control), II and III – rats administered DEF orally for three weeks at a doses that reflect the dose levels received by humans, namely 2.5 and 5.4 mg/kg b.w. respectively. The animals were euthanized on the 14th and 21st day after xenobiotic administration. The mitochondrial fraction from the rat liver was isolated and the level of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, protein carbonyl derivatives, SH-groups and Schiff bases was determined. Proteolytic activity was assessed in the test of hemoglobin cleavage. It was shown that administration of DEF in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg initiated ROS generation and OMP intensification in the rat liver mitochondria only with prolonged administration for 21 days, whereas its administration in a dose of 5.4 mg/kg led to intensification of these processes already on day 14th followed by further amplification on day 21st. The activity of proteolytic enzymes in the mitochondrial fraction was found to be depended on the degree of DEF–induced OMP and was increased with minor OMP intensification but decreased with significant intensification of proteins free radical oxidation. Keywords: carbonyl derivatives, diethyl phthalate, liver, mitochondrial fraction, proteolytic enzymes, ROS, SH-groups

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13

Heredero, C. De Pablos, and D. López Berzosa. "Free Software Implementation Experiences for the Promotion of the Liquid Society." International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdldc.2010070104.

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Information and communication technologies have changed the way in which citizens interact with Public Administrations. Digital literacy is key for the development of the Liquid Society, and Public Administrations must take the lead in promoting more efficient, universal, and user oriented public services. The migration to open source standards allows Public Administration to offer more democratic, universal, and efficient channels for establishing relationships with citizens. In this article, the authors present international experiences that show how certain Public Administrations have migrated to open source software to promote digital literacy in the contexts they are operating. The final results depend on contextual and organizational factors, including the need to change, the political support and the existence of available technological resources, the organizational climate, motivation levels of human resources, and the kind of leadership for the project or the organizational complexity. Change efforts have strategic and organizational impacts that the organization must evaluate beforehand.

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14

Hsu, Hsue-Yin, Jen-Yin Chen, Jenq-Jer Yang, and Chun-Ching Lin. "Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities ofErycibe Osbtusifolia." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 27, no. 01 (January 1999): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x99000148.

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Free radicals may be involved in various pathogenesis processes. Tissue damage and cellular toxicity of some chemicals mediated by oxygen free radicals can be monitored by studying the levels of lipid peroxidation in the tissues. The study reported here is to investigate the MDA concentrations in different tissues after various doses of Erycibe obtusifolia (EO) treatments. EO given at doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg body weight is experimentally tested through oral administration. The antioxidant effect of EO extract is assessed by the measurements of hepatic, renal and splenic lipid peroxides (measured as malondialdehyde; MDA) after treatments. The results show no significant time-related and dose-dependent increase or decrease of MDA concentrations in the liver, kidney and spleen after EO administrations, respectively. The peak of antioxidant activities is found on the first day and the 6 hrs after treatments for liver and kidney, respectively. In contrast, the MDA concentrations in spleen after EO administrations remained above the normal values. This result suggests that a high dose of EO administration may contribute a little antioxidant activity in both liver and kidney.

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15

Sakhniuk, V. "Subjects of public administration through the system of free legal aid: general theoretical aspect." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (December 30, 2022): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.05.57.

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The article examines the powers of public administration subjects through the system of free legal aid. It was established that public administration is performed by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the Coordination Center. The place of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the management system of the free legal aid system is characterized. It has been proven that the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine possesses general managerial competence, which is manifested in the rule-making and organizational-regulatory powers regarding the system of providing free legal aid. The article establishes that the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine carries out general management of the system of free legal aid, at the same time exercising organizational, law-making and normative, coordination and advisory powers in the system of ensuring the right to free legal aid. Special attention was paid to the powers of the Coordination Center, which is a special management body and exercises powers of an organizational, coordinating, expert-analytical, informational, and controlling nature. It was concluded that public administration through the system of free legal aid is a purposeful activity of authorized subjects aimed at ensuring the right to free legal aid. The system of entities that carry out public administration is characterized by the following immanent features: first, it includes the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the Coordination Center; secondly, in contrast to other systems of public administration, it is not extensive; thirdly, it includes subjects possessing general and special management competence; fourthly, the sphere of social relations in relation to which public administration is carried out is specific and includes a positive obligation of the state to ensure the right to free legal aid.

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16

Supinski, G., D. Stofan, D. Nethery, L. Szweda, and A. DiMarco. "Apocynin improves diaphragmatic function after endotoxin administration." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.2.776.

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Free radicals are known to play an important role in modulating the development of respiratory muscle dysfunction during sepsis. Moreover, neutrophil numbers increase in the diaphragm after endotoxin administration. Whether or not superoxide derived from infiltrating white blood cells contributes to muscle dysfunction during sepsis is, however, unknown. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of apocynin, an inhibitor of the superoxide-generating neutrophil NADPH complex, on endotoxin-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. We studied groups of rats given saline, endotoxin, apocynin, or both endotoxin and apocynin. Animals were killed 18 h after injection, a portion of the diaphragm was used to assess force generation, and the remaining diaphragm was used for determination of 4-hydroxynonenal (a marker of lipid peroxidation) and nitrotyrosine levels (a marker of free radical-mediated protein modification). We found that endotoxin reduced diaphragm force generation and that apocynin partially prevented this decrease [e.g., force in response to 20 Hz was 23 ± 1 (SE), 12 ± 2, 23 ± 1, and 19 ± 1 N/cm2, respectively, for saline, endotoxin, apocynin, and endotoxin/apocynin groups; P < 0.001]. Apocynin also prevented endotoxin-mediated increases in diaphragm 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine levels ( P < 0.01). These data suggest that neutrophil-derived free radicals contribute to diaphragmatic dysfunction during sepsis.

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17

Micossi, P., M. Cristallo, M. C. Librenti, G. Petrella, G. Galimberti, M. Melandri, L. Monti, et al. "Free-Insulin Profiles After Intraperitoneal, Intramuscular, and Subcutaneous Insulin Administration." Diabetes Care 9, no. 6 (November 1, 1986): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.9.6.575.

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18

Laji, K. "Abnormal serum free thyroid hormone levels due to heparin administration." QJM 94, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 471–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/94.9.471.

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19

Lynch, Thomas D., and Jered B. Carr. "Public administration implications of the north american free trade agreement." International Journal of Public Administration 19, no. 9 (January 1996): 1555–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900699608525157.

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20

Keshtgar, M. R. S., W. A. Waddington, and P. J. Ell. "A pain-free injection technique for administration of radionuclide tracer." Nuclear Medicine Communications 20, no. 5 (May 1999): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199905000-00020.

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21

Kotsougiani, Dimitra, Cornelia M. Banz, Caroline A. Hundepool, Thomas Kremer, Ulrich Kneser, Marcus Lehnhardt, and Leila Harhaus. "Influence of postoperative vasoactive agent administration on free flap outcomes." European Journal of Plastic Surgery 39, no. 6 (August 10, 2016): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00238-016-1223-5.

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22

Bissonnette, Susan Travis. "Smothering Free Speech." Journal of Library Administration 39, no. 2-3 (June 2003): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j111v39n02_08.

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23

Arianto, Oni Dwi, Anang Sujoko, and Agus Wahyudi. "Repressive Political Communication through Legal Products to Preserve Ideology of Jokowi's Government." Journal of Society and Media 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v5n1.p173-198.

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The fundamental value of democracy is civil liberties to express an opinion, assembly, and organization. Data from various institutions observing Indonesian democracy show that since Jokowi's leadership, Indonesia has had problems with civil liberties, from previously free to partly free, thus falling into the flawed category of democracy. The decline in civil liberties was triggered by the Jokowi administration's repressive political communications manifested in the form of repressive legal products. These repressive legal products are used to suppress critical opposition groups who are at odds with the Jokowi administration. This study uses a critical paradigm based on qualitative methods that utilize the theory of Political Discourse Analysis (PDA). The research objective is to reveal the various repressive legal products of the Jokowi administration as well as to explain the context, history, power, and ideology behind the production of these repressive laws. The object of study related to repressive legal products is limited to online news published by media verified by the Press Council. The results of the study concluded that the Jokowi administration presented repressive legal products to perpetuate power and smooth the implementation of capitalist neoliberal ideology.

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24

Mohanty, Sailabala. "Awareness of Medication Error, Medication Management and Prevention among Staff Nurses in IMS &Sum Hospital, Odisha." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 06, no. 04 (December 2016): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708670.

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Abstract Aims: The study aimed to assess the knowledge of staff nurses about medication error, prevention of medication error and its management. Background: Accomplishment of medical order and medication administration are the prominent part of nurse's job. Methods: A descriptive approach was under taken and data was collected in the month of March and April, 2014, from 100 staff nurses of IMS & SUM HOSPITAL. Results: A significant proportion of staff nurses (39%) believed that carefully reading of instruction and labeling of the drug before administrating can prevent medication error followed by heavy workload and high nurse/patient ratio(16%) and insufficient work experience(11%)due to huge turnover were mostly cited by nurses to prevent medication error. Conclusion: Medication administration is the basic function of nurse. So the nurses should be well equipped with skill and knowledge needed for error free medication. Implications for nursing management: Error free medication administration process requires a continuous educational initiative on medication error with regards to prevention of medication error and its reporting and the short-term course on medication error should be added in orientation class by every health care organization.

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25

Rausch, Caitlin R., and Shilpa Paul. "Optimizing patient selection for treatment-free remission." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 1220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155220925167.

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The advent of BCR–ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment and prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Life expectancy for patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia now nears that of the healthy population; however, optimal outcomes require continuous tyrosine kinase inhibitor administration, which can impact patient quality of life. Consequently, the concept of treatment-free remission has been explored in patients achieving and sustaining a deep molecular response. Heterogeneous data exist with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors; however, nilotinib is currently the only therapy that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment-free remission. The decision to pursue treatment-free remission is one that relies heavily on both patient- and disease-related factors. Herein, we will discuss relevant considerations to be made when determining an optimal candidate for treatment-free remission.

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26

Medvedeva, N. V., T. I. Torkhovskaya, L. V. Kostryukova, T. S. Zakharova, V. A. Kudinov, E. O. Kasatkina, V. N. Prozorovskiy, and O. M. Ipatova. "Influence of doxorubicin inclusion into phospholipid nanoparticles on tumor accumulation and specific activity." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 63, no. 1 (January 2017): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20176301056.

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The specific activity of drug formulation of doxorubicin embedded into phospholipid nanoparticles with diameter less than 30 nm (“Doxolip”) was studied in mice LLC carcinoma. Doxolip was prepared according to technology that was elaborated in Institute earlier. Doxorubicin tumor accumulation after intraperitoneal administration (at 4 h) was 4.5 times higher for Doxolip, than for free doxorubicin. The study of doxorubicin antitumor activity in developing tumor after single intravenous administration, 48 h after inoculation, showed, that: 1) tumor growth inhibition of Doxolip was observed at 6th day, while it was only at 11th day for free doxorubicin and revealed in less extent; 2) there was no antitumor effect of free doxorubicin at 8 days after administration of doses 2 and 4 mg/kg, but it was observed for Doxolip in dose-dependent manner, 10% and 30% correspondently. In experiment with developed tumor weekly Doxolip intraperitoneal administration (5 mg/kg, 3 weeks beginning from 7 days after inoculation) resulted in 56% decrease of tumor volume as compared with control. This parameter for free doxorubicin was 2.8 times lower. The obtained data indicate, that incorporation of doxorubicin into phospholipid nanoparticles with size up to 30 nm as delivery system increases its tumor accumulation and results to increase of specific activity both in intraperitoneal and in intravenous administration.

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27

Klodell, Charles T., J. David Richardson, Thomas M. Bergamini, and David A. Spain. "Does Cell-Saver Blood Administration and Free Hemoglobin Load Cause Renal Dysfunction?" American Surgeon 67, no. 1 (January 2001): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480106700111.

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Our aim was to evaluate the impact of cell-saver volume and free hemoglobin load on renal dysfunction. Intraoperative blood salvage was conducted in standard fashion, and in each case a sample of the blood was removed for testing. Outcome data on individual patients were collected during a 6-year period (1992–1998). The total amount of free hemoglobin each patient received was calculated. Renal dysfunction was defined as a rise in creatinine level of 1.0 mg/dL above baseline. There were a total of 125 patients who received salvaged blood. The free hemoglobin concentration ranged from 19 to 304 mg/dL (mean, 87.5 mg/dL). Patients were stratified into groups on the basis of the total free hemoglobin received, and the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated a difference between groups in the prevalence of renal dysfunction ( P < 0.001). A total of 15 patients (12%) had significant postoperative renal dysfunction. There was an association between the amount of free hemoglobin load and subsequent renal dysfunction. This may warrant further study toward establishing policies and limits regarding maximal free hemoglobin blood.

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Belloto, Emmanuelle, Frédérique Diraison, Alexandra Basset, Gwenola Allain, Pauline Abdallah, and Michel Beylot. "Determination of protein replacement rates by deuterated water: validation of underlying assumptions." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 292, no. 5 (May 2007): E1340—E1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00488.2006.

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H2O administration has recently been proposed as a simple and convenient method to measure protein synthesis rates. 2H2O administration results in deuterium labeling of free amino acids such as alanine, and incorporation into proteins of labeled alanine can then be used to measure protein synthesis rates. We examined first whether during 2H2O administration plasma free alanine enrichment is a correct estimate of the enrichment in the tissue amino acid pools used for protein synthesis. We found that, after 2H2O administration, deuterium labeling in plasma free alanine equilibrated rapidly with body water, and stable enrichment values were obtained within 20 min. Importantly, oral administration of 2H2O induced no difference of labeling between portal and peripheral circulation except for the initial 10 min after a loading dose. The kinetics of free alanine labeling were comparable in various tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, heart) and in plasma with identical plateau values. We show next that increased glycolytic rate or absorption of unlabeled amino acids from ingested meals do not modify alanine labeling. Calculated synthesis rates of mixed proteins were much higher (20- to 70-fold) in plasma and liver than in muscle and heart. Last, comparable replacement rates of apoB100-VLDL were obtained in humans by using the kinetics of incorporation into apoB100 of infused labeled leucine or of alanine labeled by 2H2O administration. All of these results support 2H2O as a safe, reliable, useful, and convenient tracer for studies of protein synthesis, including proteins with slow turnover rate.

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Clabough, Jeremiah, and Mark Pearcy. "Is the free press free? Using truth claims to examine fake news." Social Studies Research and Practice 13, no. 3 (November 19, 2018): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-04-2017-0018.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship dynamics between the executive office and the free press; and how these dynamics have been altered under the Trump administration. Donald Trump has questioned the validity and accuracy of claims, even going as far to call some organizations (CNN and The New York Times) “fake news.” The authors discuss the historically contentious relationship between the executive office and the free press as well as the ways in which Donald Trump has altered the dynamics of this relationship. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors explore the role of the free press in American politics. The authors designed two classroom-ready activities by drawing on the best teaching practices advocated for in the C3 Framework. To elaborate, both activities allow students to research and analyze arguments made by Donald Trump and challenge false claims. This enables students to engage in the four dimensions of the Inquiry Arc in the C3 Framework. Findings The authors provide two activities that can be utilized in the high school social studies classroom to enable students to dissect American politicians’ messages. These two activities can be adapted and utilized to enable students to examine political candidate’s messages. By completing the steps of these two activities, students are better prepared to be critical consumers of political media messages and take civic action to challenge false claims. Originality/value Donald Trump has attempted to undermine the free press in the USA. He objects to stories that do not paint his administration in a positive light. This manuscript uses the media literacy position statement from NCSS and Ochoa-Becker’s framework for truth claims to explore Trump’s statements and claims.

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Peoples, Laura L., Kevin G. Lynch, Jamie Lesnock, and Nidhi Gangadhar. "Accumbal Neural Responses During the Initiation and Maintenance of Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 1 (January 2004): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00638.2003.

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During a chronic extracellular recording session, animals with a history of cocaine self-administration were allowed to initiate drug seeking under drug-free conditions. Later, in the same recording session, animals engaged in intravenous cocaine self-administration. During the drug-free period, 31% of 70 accumbal neurons showed a significant increase in average firing rate in association with either or both the exposure to cues that signaled the onset of cocaine availability and the subsequent onset of drug-seeking behavior. The neurons that showed an average excitatory response during the drug-free period were the only group of neurons that showed an average excitatory phasic response to cocaine-reinforced lever presses during the drug self-administration session. A majority of the neurons that were activated during the drug-free period, like the majority of other neurons, showed decreases in average firing in response to self-administered cocaine. However, the neurons that were activated during the drug-free period maintained a higher rate of firing throughout the self-administration session than did other accumbal neurons. The data of the present study are consistent with the conclusion that accumbal neurons contribute to, or otherwise process, initiation of drug seeking under drug-free conditions and that they do so via primarily excitatory responses. Furthermore, there is continuity between the drug-free and -exposed conditions in neural responses associated with drug seeking. Finally, the data have potential implications for understanding mechanisms that transduce accumbal-mediated drug effects that contribute to drug addiction.

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Aggarwal, Vinod. "Reluctance to Lead: U.S. Trade Policy in Flux." Business and Politics 11, no. 3 (October 2009): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1257.

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The U.S. is no longer providing leadership in trade policy. In recent years, we have seen a sharp turn toward a rapid proliferation of bilateral preferential trade agreements, accords that are likely to undermine the World Trade Organization (WTO). By pursuing a strategy of ‘competitive liberalization’ both on a sectoral basis under the Bill Clinton administration, and then a policy of seeking bilateral arrangements under the George W. Bush administration, this article argues that American administrations have undermined the coalition for free trade in the United States. Consequently, protectionist industries including textiles, steel, and agriculture have made further liberalization more difficult and thus the prospects for promoting continued trade liberalization have grown dimmer.

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English, H. E., and Duncan Cameron. "The Free Trade Papers." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 13, no. 4 (December 1987): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3550897.

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Lockley, SW, DJ Skene, K. James, K. Thapan, J. Wright, and J. Arendt. "Melatonin administration can entrain the free-running circadian system of blind subjects." Journal of Endocrinology 164, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): R1—R6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.164r001.

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Although melatonin treatment has been shown to phase shift human circadian rhythms, it still remains ambiguous as to whether exogenous melatonin can entrain a free-running circadian system. We have studied seven blind male subjects with no light perception who exhibited free-running urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and cortisol rhythms. In a single-blind design, five subjects received placebo or 5 mg melatonin p.o. daily at 2100 h for a full circadian cycle (35-71 days). The remaining two subjects also received melatonin (35-62 days) but not placebo. Urinary aMT6s and cortisol (n=7) and core body temperature (n=1) were used as phase markers to assess the effects of melatonin on the During melatonin treatment, four of the seven free-running subjects exhibited a shortening of their cortisol circadian period (tau). Three of these had taus which were statistically indistinguishable from entrainment. In contrast, the remaining three subjects continued to free-run during the melatonin treatment at a similar tau as prior to and following treatment. The efficacy of melatonin to entrain the free-running cortisol rhythms appeared to be dependent on the circadian phase at which the melatonin treatment commenced. These results show for the first time that daily melatonin administration can entrain free-running circadian rhythms in some blind subjects assessed using reliable physiological markers of the circadian system.

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Shiga, Kiyoto, Masaru Tateda, and Shigeru Saijo. "Complication-Free Laryngeal Surgery after Irradiation Failure with Prostaglandin E1 Administration." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 111, no. 9 (September 2002): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940211100904.

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To examine the usefulness and efficacy of administration of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) after laryngeal surgery in patients who were previously treated with radiotherapy, we retrospectively examined the clinical data of 12 patients who had undergone partial laryngectomy and 21 patients who had undergone total laryngectomy. Complications were observed in 5 of the 7 cases treated with partial laryngectomy without PGE1 administration, while no complications were observed in the 5 cases treated with PGE1 after operation. Also, complications, including major leakage, were observed in 6 of the 15 patients who underwent total laryngectomy without PGE1, and no complications were observed in the 6 patients who received PGE1. The hospital stay was shorter for the patients treated with PGE1 than for those not receiving such treatment. Although this study was a small, nonrandomized pilot trial, the results indicated that PGE1 administration may be useful and effective for patients who undergo laryngeal surgery after irradiation failure, in decreasing the risk of postoperative complications and increasing the quality of life of the patients.

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KOYANO, Hidekatsu. "Environment Administration and Substitute Technology. Development of Pb Free Solder Plating." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 49, no. 3 (1998): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.49.235.

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APLEY, M. D., J. F. COETZEE, P. M. IMERMAN, L. A. KARRIKER, and R. GEHRING. "Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in swine following needle-free, intramuscular, and intravenous administration." Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 30, no. 5 (October 2007): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00887.x.

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Barker, SGE, MRS Keshtgar, and PJ Ell. "Needle-free vehicle for administration of radionuclide for sentinel-node biopsy." Lancet 353, no. 9162 (April 1999): 1410–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)00468-7.

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Oveisi, F. "Oleoylethanolamide inhibits food intake in free-feeding rats after oral administration." Pharmacological Research 49, no. 5 (May 2004): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2003.12.006.

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Griffing, G. T., T. E. Wilson, and J. C. Melby. "Converting-enzyme inhibitor administration lowers urinary free 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone levels." Hypertension 7, no. 2 (March 1985): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.7.2.178.

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Freundlich, Bruce, Alan Kivitz, and Jonathan S. Jaffe. "Nearly Pain-Free Self-administration of Subcutaneous Methotrexate With an Autoinjector." JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 20, no. 5 (August 2014): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rhu.0000000000000117.

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Oliveto, Alison H., John R. Hughes, Stephen T. Higgins, Warren K. Bickel, Sara L. Pepper, Pamela J. Shea, and James W. Fenwick. "Forced-choice versus free-choice procedures: Caffeine self-administration in humans." Psychopharmacology 109, no. 1-2 (October 1992): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02245484.

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Maples, K. R., S. J. Jordan, and R. P. Mason. "In vivo rat hemoglobin thiyl free radical formation following phenylhydrazine administration." Molecular Pharmacology 33, no. 3 (March 1988): 344–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0026-895x(25)13209-4.

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Sojka, Janice E., M. A. Johnson, and G. D. Bottoms. "Serum triiodothyronine, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine concentrations in horses." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.01.52.

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SUMMARY The objectives of this experiment were to determine serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (fT4) at rest, following thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) administration, and following phenylbutazone administration in healthy horses. This was done to determine which available laboratory test can best be used for diagnosis of hypothyroid conditions in horses. Serum T3, T4, and fT4 concentrations in serum samples obtained before and after tsh stimulation and following phenylbutazone administration for 7 days were determined. Baseline values ranged from 0.21 to 0.80 ng of T3/ml, 6.2 to 25.1 ng of T4/ml, and 0.07 to 0.47 ng of fT3/dl. After 5 IU of tsh was administered IV, serum T3 values increased to 6 times baseline values in 2 hours. Thyroxine values increased to 3 times baseline values at 4 hours and remained high at 6 hours. Free T4 values increased to 4 times baseline values at 4 hours and remained high at 6 hours. Administration of 4.4 mg of phenylbutazone/kg, every 12 hours for 7 days significantly decreased T4 and fT4 values, but did not significantly affect serum T3 concentrations. It was concluded that a tsh stimulation test should be performed when hypothyroidism is suspected. Measurement of serum fT4 concentrations, by the single-stage radioimmunoassay, does not provide any additional information about thyroid gland function over that gained by measuring T4 concentrations. Phenylbutazone given at a dosage of 4.4 mg/kg every 24 hours, for 7 days did significantly decrease resting T4 and fT4 concentrations, but did not significantly affect T3 concentrations in horses.

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Leone, R., M. E. Fracasso, E. Soresi, G. Cimino, M. Tedeschi, D. Castoldi, V. Monzani, L. Colombi, T. Usari, and A. Bernareggi. "Influence of glutathione administration on the disposition of free and total platinum in patients after administration of cisplatin." Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 29, no. 5 (1992): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00686008.

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Dukare, M. V., and R. B. Saudagar. "NEEDLE-FREE INJECTION SYSTEM." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i2.25885.

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Needle free injection system are to introduce the various medicines into patients without piercing the skin with a conventional needle. Needle-free technology offers the many benefit of reducing patient concern about the use of needle. Needle free injection is the very effective injections a wide range of drugs and bioequivalent to syringe and needle. It results in less pain, and is strongly preferred by patients. Additional benefits include very fast injection compared with conventional needles and no needle disposal issues. Not only benefit of the pharmaceutical industry to the increasing product sales, it has the added potential to increase compliance with dosage regimens and improved outcomes. Today, they are a steadily developing technology that promises to make the administration of medicine more efficient and less painful.

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Dutta, Sandeep, and William F. Ebling. "Emulsion Formulation Reduces Propofol's Dose Requirements and Enhances Safety." Anesthesiology 87, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 1394–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199712000-00019.

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Background Propofol, a highly lipophilic anesthetic, is formulated in a lipid emulsion for intravenous use. Propofol has brisk onset and offset of effect after rapid administration and retains rapid offset characteristics after long-term administration. The authors tried to determine whether the emulsion vehicle is requisite for propofol's evanescent effect-time profile. Methods The time course of sedation and electroencephalographic (EEG) effect after propofol administration was measured in three studies in rats instrumented. In study 1, propofol was infused in either emulsion or lipid-free vehicle (n = 12), in a repeated measures cross-over design. In study 2, propofol in lipid-free vehicle was infused with or without simultaneous infusion of drug-free lipid emulsion (n = 6) in a repeated measures cross-over design. In study 3, propofol was infused in either emulsion (n = 5) or lipid-free vehicle (n = 5) to EEG burst suppression. Results In study 1, relative to the emulsion formulation, propofol administered at equivalent doses in lipid-free vehicle resulted in a longer time to effect onset (1.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.1 min, EEG) and a trend for delayed anesthetic recovery (26.8 +/- 9.4 vs. 17 +/- 3.5 min, EEG; 26.1 +/- 8.8 vs. 16.8 +/- 3.3 min, sleep). In study 2, coadministration of drug-free emulsion with propofol did not alter the time course of effect. In study 3, more than twice the dose of propofol was required to achieve EEG burst suppression with the lipid-free formulation. Two animals died after administration of propofol to EEG burst suppression with the lipid-free formulation; no deaths occurred in the emulsion group. Conclusion The incorporation of propofol in emulsion reduces dose requirements and produces rapid onset and recovery of anesthetic effect.

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TAO, YOUSHAN, and QIAN GUO. "A FREE BOUNDARY PROBLEM MODELLING CANCER RADIOVIROTHERAPY." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 17, no. 08 (August 2007): 1241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202507002261.

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This paper deals with a procedure for cancer radiovirotherapy which requires not only injection of replication-competent viruses but also administration of radioiodide. The viruses infect tumor cells, replicate inside them and eventually cause their death. As infected cells die, the viruses inside them are released and then proceed to infect adjacent tumor cells. Radioiodide is in a continuous state of flux between the tumor and the remaining part. Iodide undergoes beta particle decay and the emitted beta particles have a significant effect on tumor cells. The combination of virotherapy with radiotherapy has recently been shown to be significantly more effective than treatment with virotherapy alone. Cancer radiovirotherapy can be described by a free boundary problem for a nonlinear system of partial differential equations, where the free boundary is the surface of a tumor. Global existence and uniqueness of solutions to this free boundary problem is proved, and a new explicit parameter condition corresponding to the success of therapy is also found. Furthermore, numerical simulations are given to show that there is an optimal timing for radio-iodine administration, and that there is an optimal dose for the radioactive iodide.

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Skjæbæk, Christian, Jan Frystyk, Jens Møller, Jens Sandahl Christiansen, and Hans Ørskov. "Free and total insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins during 14 days of growth hormone administration in healthy adults." European Journal of Endocrinology 135, no. 6 (December 1996): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1350672.

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Skjærbæk C, Frystyk J, Møller J, Christiansen JS, Ørskov H. Free and total insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins during 14 days of growth hormone administration in healthy adults. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:672–7. ISSN 0804–4643 The objective was to investigate the effect of growth hormone (GH) administration on circulating levels of free insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in healthy adults. Eight healthy male subjects were given placebo and two doses of GH (3 and 61U/m2 per day) for 14 days in a double-blind crossover study. Fasting blood samples were obtained every second day. Free IGF-I and IGF-II were determined by ultrafiltration of serum. Total IGF-I and IGF-II were measured after acid–ethanol extraction. In addition, GH, insulin, IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and IGFBP-3 were measured. Serum-free and total IGF-I increased in a dose-dependent manner during the 14 days of GH administration. After 14 days, serum-free IGF-I values were 610 ± 100 ng/l (mean±sem) (placebo), 2760 ± 190 ng/l (3IU/m2) and 3720 ± 240 ng/l(6 IU/m2) (p = 0.0001 for 3 and 6 IU/m2 vs placebo; p = 0.004 for 3 IU/m2 vs 6 IU/m2). Total IGF-I values were 190 ± 10 μg/l (placebo), 525 ± 10 (3 IU/m2), and 655 ± 40 μg/l (6 IU/m2) (p < 0.0001 for 3 and 6IU/m2 vs placebo; p = 0.04 for 3 IU/m2 vs 6 IU/m2). There were no differences in the levels of free or total IGF-II during the three study periods. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 was decreased during GH administration (p = 0.04 for placebo vs 3IU/m2; p = 0.006 for placebo vs 6 IU/m2). In conclusion, fasting serum free IGF-I increased dose dependently during GH administration and free IGF-I increased relatively more than total IGF-I. This may partly be due to the decrease in IGFBP-1. Christian Skjærbæk, Institute of Experimental Clinical Research, Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus Kommune Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Huan, Menglei, Shuang Tian, Han Cui, Bangle Zhang, Dan Su, Jieping Wang, Kangchu Li, and Weidong Cao. "Deposition of Doxorubicin in Rats following Administration of Three Newly Synthesized Doxorubicin Conjugates." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/926584.

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We previously reported the synthesis of three DOX conjugates that represented different targeting vehicles and showed them to have antitumor activity bothin vitroandin vivo. However, the relationships between the pharmacokinetics of these DOX conjugates and their chemical structures were not characterized. In the current study, free DOX derived from each of the conjugates was found at low levels in the rat circulatory system, with conjugated DOX being the major form. The two polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugates slowly released DOX, andt1/2βfor total DOX from DOX-LNA, PEG-ami-DOX, and PEG-hyd-DOX was 5.79, 10.22, and 15.18 h, respectively. All three conjugates also deposited less DOX into normal organs than did an equivalent dose of free DOX, and theCmaxvalue of free DOX released by DOX- LNA, PEG-ami-DOX, and PEG-hyd-DOX was 32.5, 9.5, and 4.7 μg/g, respectively. Among the conjugates, the compound with an acid-labile bond between PEG and DOX exhibited the lowest free DOX deposition in healthy tissues, which should decrease the systemic toxicity of free DOX while allowing for tumor targeting by PEG.

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Min Gyo, Koo. "Embracing Free Trade Agreements, Korean Style: From Developmental Mercantilism to Developmental Liberalism." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 25, no. 3 (December 31, 2010): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps25306.

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This study analyzes how and to what extent South Korea has embedded developmental liberalism into its free trade agreement (FTA) initiative, departing from its traditional focus on developmental mercantilism. In the wake of the global economic crisis of 2008-09 and the subsequent expansion of government interventionism across the world, the developmental state model has attracted renewed scholarly attention. It offers a useful conceptual framework to examine how a particular set of arrangements between the competitive and uncompetitive sectors in South Korea has shifted from developmental mercantilism to developmental liberalism. South Korea`s FTA initiative constitutes a notable policy shift to liberalism, departing from a mercantilist approach with a policy mix of import protection and export promotion. It has been shaped by a top-down political initiative rather than a bottom-up demand from business groups and the general public. Despite South Korea`s liberal but state-centric nature, its FTAs are closely embedded in its social fabric.

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