Статті в журналах: "Free and open interviews"

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Hershkowitz, Irit, Michael E. Lamb, Uri Blasbalg, and Yael Karni-Visel. "The dynamics of two-session interviews with suspected victims of abuse who are reluctant to make allegations." Development and Psychopathology 33, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001820.

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AbstractSupportive forensic interviews conducted in accordance with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Revised Protocol (RP) help many alleged victims describe abusive experiences. When children remain reluctant to make allegations, the RP guides interviewers to (a) focus on rapport building and nonsuggestive support in a first interview, and (b) plan a second interview to allow continued rapport building before exploring for possible abuse. We explored the dynamics of such two-session RP interviews. Of 204 children who remained reluctant in an initial interview, we focused on 104 who made allegations when re-interviewed a few days later. A structural equation model revealed that interviewer support during the first session predicted children's cooperation during the rapport-building phase of the second session, which, in turn, predicted more spontaneous allegations, which were associated with the interviewers’ enhanced use of open-ended questions. Together, these factors mediated the effects of support on children's free recall of forensically important information. This highlighted the importance of emphasizing rapport with reluctant children, confirming that some children may need more time to build rapport even with supportive interviewers.

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Wilson, Dawn K., Suzanne Domel Baxter, Caroline Guinn, Russell R. Pate, and Kerry McIver. "A Qualitative Study of Interviewer-Administered Physical Activity Recalls by Children." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 10, no. 6 (August 2013): 833–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.6.833.

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Background:Qualitative methods were used to better understand how to obtain interviewer-administered recalls of physical activity from children.Methods:Subjects were 24 third- and fifth-grade children from 1 school in Columbia, South Carolina. Cognitive interviews targeted different retention intervals (about the same or previous school day). Round 1’s protocols used an open format and had 4 phases (obtain free recall, review free recall, obtain details, review details). Round 2’s protocols used a chronological format and had 3 phases (obtain free recall, obtain details, review details). Trained coders identified discrepancies across interview phases in children’s recalls of physical activity at physical education (PE) and recess. Based on the school’s schedule, children’s reports of PE and recess were classified as omissions (scheduled but unreported) or intrusions (unscheduled but reported).Results:Across interview phases, there were numerous discrepancies for Round 1 (regardless of grade, sex, or retention interval) but few discrepancies for Round 2. For Rounds 1 and 2, respectively, 0% and 0% of children omitted PE, while 33% and 0% intruded PE; 44% and 56% of children omitted recess, while 33% and 0% intruded recess.Conclusions:Results provide important information for facilitating interviewer-administered recalls of physical activity with elementary-age children.

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Rathomi, Hilmi Sulaiman, and Eka Nurhayati. "Hambatan dalam Mewujudkan Open Defecation Free." Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v1i1.4325.

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Open defecation free (ODF) merupakan salah satu target terpenting dalam Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) yang ditujukan memutus rantai transmisi penyakit menular. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perilaku buang air besar sembarangan (BABS) yang masih dilakukan oleh masyarakat, sekaligus menganalisis berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap upaya eliminasinya menggunakan model behavior change wheel. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross sectional dengan melibatkan 210 orang penduduk Desa Mangunjaya, Kabupaten Bandung yang dipilih secara cluster random sampling periode April 2017. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner tervalidasi, lalu dianalisis menggunakan software SPSS 20 dengan uji chi-square dan Spearman Rank Correlation. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 28,6% penduduk Desa Mangunjaya yang masih mempraktikkan kebiasaan BAB sembarangan 22,4% penduduk yang tidak memiliki jamban. Ditemukan korelasi positif yang signifikan perilaku BABS dengan faktor motivasi (r=0,584), kemampuan (r=0,638), dan kesempatan (r=0,548). Terdapat perbedaan persepsi antara warga yang masih melakukan BABS dan yang tidak melakukan BABS mengenai faktor apa yang dinilai menghambat kepemilikan dan penggunaan jamban. Meskipun keduanya menyatakan bahwa faktor biaya adalah penghambatan utama, warga yang melakukan BABS cenderung menyalahkan lokasi desa sebagai hambatan terbesar kedua, sementara warga yang tidak BABS menilai bahwa kurangnya edukasi justru menjadi faktor terpenting selain hambatan biaya. Masih terdapat warga yang BABS dan tidak memiliki jamban dipengaruhi oleh faktor motivasi, kapabilitas, dan kesempatan. Peningkatan pengetahuan dan kepemilikan jamban perlu diupayakan lebih serius karena merupakan determinan terpenting pencapaian kondisi open defecation free di Desa Mangunjaya. BARRIER OF OPEN DEFECATION FREE Open defecation free (ODF) is one of the most important target in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that is intended to break the transmission chain of infectious diseases. This research aims to discover the open defecation (OD) behavior as well as to analyze factors that influence its elimination effort using behavioral change wheel model. This was a cross sectional study involving 210 villagers from Desa Mangunjaya, Bandung during April 2017 who were randomly selected with cluster random sampling method. Data were taken through interview using validated questionnaire, then analyzed using SPSS 20 with chi-square and Spearman rank correlation test. This research found there were 28.6% of residents in Desa Mangunjaya who are still practising OD and 22.4% do not have latrines. There was a significant positive correlation between OD behavior with motivational factor (r = 0.584), capability (r: 0.638), and opportunity (r: 0.548). There was a difference of perception between residents who were still practicing OD and who were not, on what factors are considered to inhibit the ownership and use of latrines. Although both placed the cost factor as the main barrier, residents who practicing OD tend to assess the location of the village as the second greatest obstacle, meanwhile the second group put the lack of education as a major factor in addition to cost constraints. The achievement of ODF condition in Desa Mangunjaya was inhibited by motivational, capability, and opportunity factors. Increasing latrines ownership and knowledge among villagers were very crucial, since they are the most important determinants.

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Fallowfield, Lesley, Lucy Matthews, Susan L. Catt, Mairead MacKenzie, Jacqui Gath, and Valerie A. Jenkins. "Assessing the value of progression-free survival (AVALPROFS)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2014): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.31_suppl.187.

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187 Background: Controversy exists about progression free survival (PFS) as an endpoint in novel cancer therapy trials. PFS is attractive for practical and methodological reasons but is not always a surrogate for overall survival. It is debatable whether or not PFS has discernable clinical benefit for patients (pts), the main treatment (tmt) goal. Also overlooked are pt perceptions. Few trials directly address if disease stabilisation is worth tmt side effects (SEs) or include relevant patient reported outcome (PRO) measures. AVALPROFS examines longitudinally pts’ understanding of therapeutic intent, PFS and the value placed on drugs that control cancer but have SEs. We report the pilot study here. Methods: The primary pilot aim was to obtain feedback from pts having drugs offering only PFS or modest OS gains, about the acceptability and comprehensibility of PROs for use in a longitudinal study. These included validated quality of life and anxiety measures and 4 study specific interview schedules. In close collaboration with Independent Cancer Patients’ Voices (ICPV) and using an iterative process, draft interviews (pre-tmt, on-tmt, at withdrawal due to toxicity or progression) were developed. Pilot study pts’ clinic consultations were taped prior to home interviews by researchers. Results: 11/19 eligible pts with metastatic breast, lung and head and neck cancers at different treatment phases participated. No pt recalled the phrase PFS being used in consultations. Few knew their latest scan results. Some were confused about the therapeutic aims of further tmt, 4/10 thought it would extend survival. All had experienced or anticipated considerable toxicity. None found the interview schedules too upsetting; all provided comprehensive feedback about these and the trade-off questions. Conclusions: PFS is confusing and questions remain about its true value. Involvement of ICPV in potentially distressing research about study design and PROs at the outset was invaluable. Inclusion of feedback from pilot study pts permitted further refinements to the AVALPROFS study which is currently open and recruiting. Clinical trial information: 16342. [Table: see text]

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Saini, Sanjeev K., C. N. Krishnan, and L. N. Rajaram. "Open Source Adoption Index." International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 2, no. 3 (July 2010): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jossp.2010070103.

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This paper reports the preliminary results of a study conducted to assess and quantify the adoption of Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) by organisations and enterprises. While almost all organisations use FOSS in some form today, there is a wide variation in the manner and extent to which they do so, and presently no quantitative measure exists that can capture the true picture. The present work has built a model with two sets of parameters that, when fed with relevant data about an organisation, generates a single number, the FOSS Adoption Index (FAI), for that organisation. The index is so defined that the higher its value for an organisation, the greater is the extent of FOSS adoption in that organisation. Beyond the single measure FAI that gives a coarse assessment, the model also allows drilling down to finer levels of granularity that provides deeper insights into the status and role of FOSS within a given organisation. Primary data collected for two classes of organisations through questionnaire based surveys and interviews have been used to demonstrate the working of the model as well as its potential usefulness for real world situations.

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Ashworth, Henry, Senan Ebrahim, Hassaan Ebrahim, Zahra Bhaiwala, and Michael Chilazi. "A Free, Open-Source, Offline Digital Health System for Refugee Care." JMIR Medical Informatics 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): e33848. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33848.

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Background Rise of conflict, extreme weather events, and pandemics have led to larger displaced populations worldwide. Displaced populations have unique acute and chronic health needs that must be met by low-resource health systems. Electronic health records (EHRs) have been shown to improve health outcomes in displaced populations, but need to be adapted to meet the constraints of these health systems. Objective The aim of this viewpoint is to describe the development and deployment of an EHR designed to care for displaced populations in low-resource settings. Methods Using a human-centered design approach, we conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with patients, health care providers, and administrators in Lebanon and Jordan to identify the essential EHR features. These features, including modular workflows, multilingual interfaces, and offline-first capabilities, led to the development of the Hikma Health EHR, which has been deployed in Lebanon and Nicaragua. Results We report the successes and challenges from 12 months of Hikma Health EHR deployment in a mobile clinic providing care to Syrian refugees in Bekaa Valley, Lebanon. Successes include the EHR’s ability to (1) increase clinical efficacy by providing detailed patient records, (2) be adaptable to the threats of COVID-19, and (3) improve organizational planning. Lessons learned include technical fixes to methods of identifying patients through name or their medical record ID. Conclusions As the number of displaced people continues to rise globally, it is imperative that solutions are created to help maximize the health care they receive. Free, open-sourced, and adaptable EHRs can enable organizations to better provide for displaced populations.

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Soedarman, Yoedhi Swastanto, Budi Pramono, and Mhd Halkis. "Free and Open Indo-Pacific in Defense Cooperation between Indonesia and Australia." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 7 (November 30, 2020): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i7.2065.

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Indonesia and Australia are two neighboring countries with different cultural characteristics and patterns of international relations. This research aims to formulate a pattern of strategic partnerships between Indonesia and Australia in the field of defense cooperation. Through the symbolic interactional approach, the researcher saw actors' behavior between countries by collecting data from various sources; online newspapers, scientific articles, interviews, and discussions illustrated the pattern of defense cooperation between Indonesia and Australia at three levels. At the multilateral level, the relationship between Australia and Indonesia looks rather difficult to reciprocate. At the regional level, especially in the Southeast Asia region, Indonesia and Australia cooperation in non-binding control, and on the bilateral level Indonesia and Australia as equal partners are equally committed to mutual control. Free and Open Indo-Pacific strengthens Indonesia-Australia cooperation in the trade sector. An agreement has been built and ratified into the Indonesia-Australia Law comprehensive economic partnership agreement (IA-CEPA). Thus the internal politics of the alliance is very dynamic. On the one hand, the United States strengthens its dominance by utilizing regional countries challenging Chinese policies as bilateral partnerships. On the other hand, multilateral allies help each other. Development between border countries in various ways for defense development.

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ERMAĞAN ÇAĞLAR, Eda, and Neşe KOCABAŞOĞLU. "Adults Impact on the Reliability and Suggestibility of Children’s Eyewitness Testimony." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 3, no. 3 (December 26, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v3i3.114.

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The aim of the study was to determine the influence of authority on the susceptibility of child witnesses and the reliability of their testimonies. This study, consisting of experimental and control groups, included 20 girls and 20 boys, totalling 40 children. It took place in two phases; an initial phase (“eyewitness”, “post-event interview”) and, one week later, a final phase (“recall”). In the individual interviews held with the children, a questionnaire consisting of a free narrative question and 18 open-ended questions was used. The free narrative question asked the children to specify the details they remembered about the animated film. The open-ended questions focused on the events and characters in the film. However, 12 of the open-ended questions could be answered correctly since they were about characters and situations in the film that the children had watched, while six of the questions were trick questions that were about characters and situations that were not shown in the film. For data analysis, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to reach the deeper level of perception and memories that children shared about the film. In conclusion, after analysis, it was found that even when the interview takes place immediately after the event, children are significantly affected by the misinformation given by an adult and their knowledge on the event in question is shaped according to this misinformation. It was observed that children create "a new event" based on the information they receive from an adult. Keywords: Child, Eyewitness testimony, Reliability, Suggestibility, Suggestive interview, Memory

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Bondi, Christina. "Door's Open, Door's Closed: Toronto's Little Free Libraries." IJournal: Graduate Student Journal of the Faculty of Information 5, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/ijournal.v5i1.33471.

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This paper explores the Little Free Library via the probes of library-variant and infrastructural experience. A fruitful discussion on the benefits and drawbacks will maintain the concept’s contentious nature. The research even sheds light on the socio-economic politics embedded in Little Free Libraries and how they engage with race and class in a curious way. I also include some fieldwork, to supplement the paper’s key arguments. In particular, I selected a sampling of three Little Free Library sites, closest to the University of Toronto campus: two in the Annex (on Prince Arthur Ave. and Brunswick Ave.) and one in Koreatown (on Euclid Ave.). The visual characteristics and location/placement of these miniature libraries have been taken into account. I interviewed a couple informants, each connected in some way to one of the Little Free Libraries from my sampling. The paper then concludes by proposing valuable avenues for future, collaborative research.

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Tarlani, Verry Damayanti, and Astri Mutia Ekasari. "Integrative Solutions for the Acceleration of Open Defecation Free (ODF) in Bandung City." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012086.

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Abstract One of the goals in the SDGs that a region must achieve is 100% sanitation access. Sanitation is considered to have a significant impact on the quality of public health, both in rural and urban areas. The city of Bandung as a city with a high-density level has a big challenge in resolving sanitation matters. Acceleration efforts are needed to improve sanitation access in the city of Bandung which is still low so that it can realize open defecation free (ODF) for every urban village in the city of Bandung. This paper aims to provide a logical framework in the form of efforts that can be made to increase ODF in the city of Bandung. By collecting secondary data, interviews and FGDs as well as the highest and best use approach, the results show that the most important thing is to encourage the community to realize the need for a septic tank through community based total sanitation triggering (STBM) activities, connecting household wastewater channels to PDAM Sewerage, construction of small and large-scale communal septic tanks / IPAL and construction of “Gendong” pipelines, especially those in riverbank areas.

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Tarlani, Verry Damayanti, and Astri Mutia Ekasari. "Integrative Solutions for the Acceleration of Open Defecation Free (ODF) in Bandung City." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012086.

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Abstract One of the goals in the SDGs that a region must achieve is 100% sanitation access. Sanitation is considered to have a significant impact on the quality of public health, both in rural and urban areas. The city of Bandung as a city with a high-density level has a big challenge in resolving sanitation matters. Acceleration efforts are needed to improve sanitation access in the city of Bandung which is still low so that it can realize open defecation free (ODF) for every urban village in the city of Bandung. This paper aims to provide a logical framework in the form of efforts that can be made to increase ODF in the city of Bandung. By collecting secondary data, interviews and FGDs as well as the highest and best use approach, the results show that the most important thing is to encourage the community to realize the need for a septic tank through community based total sanitation triggering (STBM) activities, connecting household wastewater channels to PDAM Sewerage, construction of small and large-scale communal septic tanks / IPAL and construction of “Gendong” pipelines, especially those in riverbank areas.

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Ruismäki, Heikki, and Antti Juvonen. "Life in Sounds, Colours and Atmospheres: A Case Study on Synaesthesia." Journal of Pedagogy and Psychology "Signum Temporis" 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10195-011-0047-0.

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Abstract In this article we focus on the world of colour associations and atmospheres experienced by a famous and successful piano pedagogue. The aim of the study is to open one point of view inside the phenomenon of synaesthesia through one case which is truly reliable. This case study is based on personal interviews with the pedagogue (August 16-19, 1999, and April 27, 2010), and the findings are anchored theoretically in the synaesthetic experience. The article subtitles are the themes and subjects used in the interviews, and the free association discussions have been shaped into more structured form. To express the events in a way that is similar to the real life experiences, we have quoted the interviewee directly in our text. The article shows one individual´s way of experiencing, seeing and feeling the world of sounds and voices. It is concluded that the synaesthesia experiences of the target of the case study were genuine and they were repeated in two different interviews. Synaesthesia is a real phenomenon and not fake in any point of view

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Naelana, Yuva, and S. Bekti Istiyanto. "IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM DAERAH PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT (PDPM) DALAM MEWUJUDKAN ”KABUPATEN TEGAL OPEN DEFECATION FREE 2019”." Jurnal Dakwah Tabligh 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/jdt.v20i1.9604.

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The Community Based Total Sanitation Program (STBM) is a program launched by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. One of the pillars of the STBM, Open Defecation Free (ODF), is one of the homeworks of the local government. In contrast to other districts, in Tegal Regency the implementation of this program was regulated directly in the Regent's Regulation on the Regional Program for Community Empowerment. The purpose of this study is to explore further how PDPM will be implemented in an effort to realize Tegal Open Defecation Free District in 2019. The method used in the preparation of this study is descriptive qualitative. The author uses two data sources namely primary and secondary through in-depth interviews with three informants and documentation. The results show that so far the Jambanisasi PDPM has been considered successful in building public awareness of the importance of healthy sanitation. The implementation of ODF through the three main components of STBM and triggering techniques to meet the three expectations, namely right target, quality and benefits. PDPM Jambanisasi has succeeded in empowering communities in the health and economic fields through the community of sanitation entrepreneurs.

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Cabrera-Torres, Carolina Priscilla, Maribel Albertina Díaz-Váasquez, Rosa Jeuna Diaz-Manchay, Victoria Sattler, Roseline Jean-Louis, Lisa Thompson, and Franco León-Jiménez. "Women's experiences with mixed use of wood and gas cookstoves and fuels in rural Lambayeque, Peru." Revista del Cuerpo Médico del HNAAA 13, no. 2 (August 9, 2020): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2020.132.662.

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Introduction: Despite program efforts to encourage use of clean cookstoves and fuels to mitigate climate change, many communities continue to use wood-fueled open fires. Objectives: Describe experiences of participants with mixed use of cooking and fuel technologies (e.g. open fires and chimney stoves using wood and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves) in rural Lambayeque, Peru in 2018. Material and methods: Fifteen participants were interviewed using a qualitative exploratory research design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Four categories emerged: decisions about acquiring cooking fuels are primarily based on cost; plastic trash is used to light wood-burning stoves; decisions to use gas over wood are based on quick food cooking time; and benefits and health problems are recognized, but mixed use of fuels persist. Conclusion: Use of both traditional wood cookstoves and plastic trash to ignite fires were used frequently because both are free or cheap. The environmental impact of cutting down trees isn't considered important, but interviewees did notice detriments to their wellbeing. Although gas stoves are used and benefits were mentioned, use of traditional stoves persists. We recommend that policy makers in Peru begin to address barriers to full adoption of new clean cooking technologies and consider governmental subsidies to meet families' spending priorities.

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Purnaweni, Hartuti. "Open Defecation Free (ODF) Program As an Urgent Public Service in Semarang City, Central Java." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187302010.

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Semarang is the capital city of Central Java, located in the heart of Java island. However, the number of households practising Open Defecation (OD) is still quite high. This fact is astonishing since Semarang is an urban metropolitan area. Therefore, the municipal government of Semarang set a target of abolishing OD in 2018. This article is focused on awareness of the local dwellers in Jomblang Village, Candisari District, on their OD behavior. Data for this study were collected by library research, observation, and in-depth interviews. The result shows that Open Defecation Free (ODF) is part of Community Based Total Sanitation Program, a segment of important public health service must be provided by the government, but not yet well committed. The local people of Jomblang are not fully aware of the importance of ODF. Successful ODF programme needs active participation of the local dwellers in addition to the responsibility of the government as the public service provider, especially in health service, which is one of the most important service it must provide besides education service. and right page margins and justified.

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Twaakyondo, Hashim M., and Juma H. Lungo. "Open Source Software in Health Information Systems: Opportunities and Challenges." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 31, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v31i1.546.

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The paper presents results of a study seeking to identify constraining and motivating factors associated with the adoption and use of Free Open Source Software to computerise health Information Systems in a developing country. The study approach is interpretive research to case study with a triangulation of several qualitative data collection methods such as interviews, group discussions and document analysis. The findings indicate that using open source software has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are low entry cost to adopting software, possibilities of software localization, avoiding being hostage of proprietary software and foster knowledge acquisition among software developers. The disadvantages are the need for constant internet access, high switching costs, and lack of human resources especially IT professionals to maintain the software since users get more rights in using and maintaining the system. The study concludes that because of the dynamics in health information systems, open source is appropriate.

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Klaos, Sirje. "Factors Influencing Learners' Satisfaction in an Open E-Learning Environment." Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10099-011-0003-3.

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Factors Influencing Learners' Satisfaction in an Open E-Learning EnvironmentA number of new open learning environments have risen aside to common e-learning environments. Wikiversity is an open environment to all community members. Students' behaviours change in the community creation process, and their self-satisfaction impacts learning. The study methodology is qualitative content analysis, and the data is collected from students' blogs, online and focus group interviews. Data is based on a monitored course for bachelor students of special pedagogy (n=21). There was a possibility to test and assess modern e-learning technologies and use a socio-constructive learning process. The results are studied in light of social-exchange theory. The outcome of this study indicated that learners' satisfaction increases with free access to fellow students' works, full and equal membership of the community and an opportunity to compare oneself to the others. The future research should focus on optimization of policies and sustainable development in education to establish successful exchange systems.

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Ciesielska, Malgorzata, and Ann Westenholz. "Dilemmas within commercial involvement in open source software." Journal of Organizational Change Management 29, no. 3 (May 9, 2016): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-04-2013-0058.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature about the commercial involvement in open source software, levels of this involvement and consequences of attempting to mix various logics of action. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses the case study approach based on mixed methods: literature reviews and news searches, electronic surveys, qualitative interviews and observations. It combines discussions from several research projects as well as previous publications to present the scope of commercial choices within open source software and their consequences. Findings – The findings show that higher levels of involvement in open source software communities poses important questions about the balance between economic, technological, and social logics as well as the benefits of being autonomous, having access to collaborative networks and minimizing risks related to free-riding. There are six levels of commercial involvement in open source communities, and each of them is characterized by a different dilemma. Originality/value – The paper sheds light on the various level of involvement of business in open source movement and emphasize that the popularized “open innovation” concept is only the first step in real involvement and paradigm shift.

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Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Pallavi Lele, Neisha Sundaram, Uddhavi Chavan, Mitchell Weiss, Peter Steinmann, and Sanjay Juvekar. "Psychosocial stress associated with sanitation practices: experiences of women in a rural community in India." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 1 (November 18, 2014): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.110.

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This study examined sources of psychosocial stress related to the use of toilet facilities or open defecation by women and adolescent girls at home, public places, workplaces and in schools in a rural community in Pune, India. The mixed methods approach included focus group discussions among women, key informant interviews, free listing and a community survey of 306 women. Nine per cent of the study households and most seasonal migrant women workers lacked access to toilets. Fear for personal safety, injury or accidents, lack of cleanliness, indignity, shame and embarrassment due to a lack of privacy were significant sources of stress related to open defecation. Seasonal migrant women workers perceived the lack of privacy as a significant source of psychosocial stress but did not fear for their personal safety or injuries, despite their general lack of access to toilet facilities. Women resorting to open defecation feel stressed and harassed by community leaders trying to enforce open defecation-free policies. Our study highlights the need for sanitation programs to consider the specific needs of women with regard to latrine maintenance, safety and privacy offered by sanitation installations. Specific strategies to address the sanitation and hygiene issues of seasonal migrant populations are also required.

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Martens, Cheryl. "Questioning technology in South America." Thesis Eleven 138, no. 1 (February 2017): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513616689393.

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This paper examines Andrew Feenberg’s radical democratic politics of technology in relation to the context of Ecuador’s free and open software movement. It considers the articulation of this movement via the government sponsored activist project FLOK Society (Free/Libre Open Knowledge Society). Based on an ethnographic study (2015–16), which included interviews with FLOK Society coordinators, the paper discusses how such government-activist collaborations, may be useful in expanding Feenberg’s notion of technical politics and the nature of representation in the technical sphere. More specifically, the paper looks at the political shaping of technology, in relation to concepts about ‘the Good Life’, or ‘Buen Vivir’ in the case of Ecuador, and its drive toward a knowledge economy, based on the concepts of ‘Buen Conocer’ and ‘Bioconocimiento’ (Good Knowing and Bioknowledge). The paper argues that certain premises held by Feenberg concerning technical politics, democracy and populism in particular may need to be reconsidered in light of developments in Ecuador.

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Njeru, Anthony Murithi, and Isami Kinoshita. "Evaluating the Significance of Car-Free Streets in Developing Countries: The case of Nairobi, Kenya." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 14 (November 19, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i14.162.

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Central Business Districts (CBDs) in developing countries continue to experience adverse effects of automobile dominance but most car-free initiatives are concentrated in developed countries. This study evaluates the significance of car-free streets in developing countries by evaluating perceptions of street users and the priorities of key decision makers in Nairobi, Kenya. Based on structured interviews, the results indicate differences in perceptions towards safety comfort and connectivity in varying traffic conditions. From in-depth interviews, it is clear that decision makers have focused on smooth flow and parking of automobiles, order, and security of adjacent premises while side-lining the affairs of pedestrians.Keywords: Car-free; pedestrians; livability; StreeteISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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Schonwetter, Tobias, and Bram Van Wiele. "Social Entrepreneurs’ Use of Fab Labs and 3D Printing in South Africa and Kenya." African Journal of Information and Communication, no. 26 (December 15, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23962/10539/30356.

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This article outlines findings from a study in South Africa and Kenya that explored social entrepreneurs’ use of fabrication laboratories (fab labs), and in particular fab lab 3D printing services, in order to advance their social innovations and enterprises. Based on interviews with representatives of fab lab initiatives and social enterprises, the study found strong linkages between social entrepreneurship and fab labs, and between social entrepreneurs and the use of 3D printing technology. However, it was also found that social entrepreneurs tend not to rely primarily on fab labs for access to 3D printers, preferring to buy and build their own printer units—a practice made cost-effective through the selection of low-cost, open source models. In respect of the computer-aided design (CAD) software used to design the files for 3D printing, it was found that social entrepreneurs prefer the stability and user-friendliness of proprietary CAD software, despite the cost implications. At the same time, it was found that social entrepreneurs frequently use free and open source CAD files available online, and that they seek, in turn, to share their designs on a free and open source basis.

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Santo, Rafi, Dixie Ching, Kylie Peppler, and Christopher Hoadley. "Working in the Open: lessons from open source on building innovation networks in education." On the Horizon 24, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 280–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-05-2016-0025.

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Purpose This article makes the case that the education community can learn from professional learning and innovation practices, collectively called “Working in the Open” (or “Working Open”), that have roots in the free/open source software (F/OSS) movement. These practices focus on values of transparency, collaboration and sharing within communities of experimentation. This paper aims to argues that Working Open offers a compelling approach to fostering distributed educational professional networks that focus on co-constructing new projects and best practices. Design/methodology/approach Insights presented here are based on three sources: expert perspectives on open source work practices gleaned through interviews and blog posts, a qualitative case analysis of a collaborative project enacted by a group of informal learning organizations within the Hive NYC Learning Network, a community of over 70 youth-facing organizations in New York City, as well as an overview of that network’s participation structures, and, finally, knowledge-building activities and discussions held within the Hive NYC community about the topic in situ. From these sources, the authors derived general principles to guide open work approaches. Findings The authors identify five practices deemed as central to Working Open: public storytelling and context setting, enabling community contribution, rapid prototyping “in the wild”, public reflection and documentation and, lastly, creating remixable work products. The authors describe these practices, show how they are enacted in situ, outline ways that Hive NYC stewards promote a Working Open organizational ecosystem and conclude with recommendations for utilizing a Working Open approach. Originality/value Drawing from the F/OSS movement, this article builds on standard practices of professional learning communities to provide an approach that focuses on pushing forward innovation and changes in practice as opposed to solely sharing reflections or observing practices.

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Juniarti, Vivi Rizky, and Joko Siswanto. "Implementation of the Open Defecation Free Study Program in Sungai Dua Village Rambutan District Banyuasin Regency." Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/oaijss.v2i1.15.

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This research is motivated by the fact that there are still many Latrine Villagers who do not comply with Community-Based Total Sanitation Criteria. This study aims to determine the implementation of the Open Defecation Free Program in Sungai Dua Village, Rambutan District, Banyuasin Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods with the type of descriptive research. The type of data used is primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are done through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. This study uses the Policy Implementation Theory of Ripley and Franklin, where the success of policy implementation is influenced by three dimensions namely (1) the level of compliance, (2) the smoothness of routine routines and (3) the desired performance and implementation impact. Based on the results of field research, it shows that the level of compliance in the implementation of the program is not yet optimal, the smoothness of routine functions has not run smoothly, and the desired performance and impact of implementation have not been maximized and not yet achieved. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of the Open Defecation Free Program in Sungai Dua Village, Rambutan District, Banyuasin Regency has not been successful. This research suggests that all rules are obeyed and implemented, it is necessary to increase monitoring and coordination on a regular basis

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Muchsin, Tamrin, and Sri Sudono Saliro. "Open Defecation Free in Kartiasa Village in The Era Of Regional Autonomy: Implementation and Barriers." Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 20, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v20i2.4061.

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Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis keterlibatan Pemerintah Desa Kartiasa dalam melaksanakan salah satu program Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM), yaitu Open Defecation Free (ODF) pada era otonomi daerah saat ini. Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana bentuk keterlibatan Pemerintah Desa ODF pada wilayah Kabupaten Sambas, yaitu Desa Kartiasa, serta faktor penghambat pelaksanaan program ODF. Tulisan penelitian ini bersifat empiris, dan untuk memperoleh data melakukan obesevasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa Pemerintah Desa Kartiasa dalam melaksanakan program ODF berdasarkan pada Surat Edaran Bupati Sambas Nomor 440/16/Dinkes tentang Pelaksanaan Program Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat. Faktor penghambat pelaksanaan ODF oleh Pemerintah Desa Kartiasa yaitu rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk hidup bersih, rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat akan nilai kesehatan, tidak ada peraturan desa, terbatasnya sarana dan prasarana, dan tidak ada pengawasanKata Kunci: Pemerintah Desa, Open Defecation Free, Otonomi Daerah Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the involvement of the village government in implementing one of the Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) programs, namely Open Defecation Free (ODF) in the current era of regional autonomy. This research focuses on how the form of ODF Village Government involvement in the Sambas Regency area, namely Kartiasa Village, as well as the inhibiting factors for the implementation of the ODF program. The writing of this research is empirical, and to obtain data, we conduct observations and interviews. The results showed that the Kartiasa Village Government in implementing the ODF program was based on the Sambas Regent Circular Number 440/16/Dinkes concerning the Implementation of the Community-Based Total Sanitation Program. The inhibiting factors for the implementation of ODF by the Kartiasa Village Government are low community awareness to live clean, low community knowledge of the value of health, no village regulations, limited facilities and infrastructure, and no supervisionKeywords: Village Government, Open Defecation Free, Regional Autonomy.

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Facchin, Federica, Emanuela Saita, Giussy Barbara, Dhouha Dridi, and Paolo Vercellini. "“Free butterflies will come out of these deep wounds”: A grounded theory of how endometriosis affects women’s psychological health." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 4 (January 11, 2017): 538–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316688952.

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This study aimed to develop a grounded theory of how endometriosis affects psychological health. Open interviews were conducted with 74 patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was administered to all women, who were divided into distressed versus non-distressed. At the core of our grounded theory was the notion of disruption due to the common features of living with endometriosis. Experiencing disruption (vs restoring continuity) involved higher distress and was associated with a long pathway to diagnosis, bad doctor–patient relationships, poor physical health, lack of support, negative sense of female identity, and identification of life with endometriosis.

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Zhang, Zhan, Karen Joy, Richard Harris, Mustafa Ozkaynak, Kathleen Adelgais, and Kevin Munjal. "Applications and User Perceptions of Smart Glasses in Emergency Medical Services: Semistructured Interview Study." JMIR Human Factors 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): e30883. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30883.

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Background Smart glasses have been gaining momentum as a novel technology because of their advantages in enabling hands-free operation and see-what-I-see remote consultation. Researchers have primarily evaluated this technology in hospital settings; however, limited research has investigated its application in prehospital operations. Objective The aim of this study is to understand the potential of smart glasses to support the work practices of prehospital providers, such as emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with 13 EMS providers recruited from 4 hospital-based EMS agencies in an urban area in the east coast region of the United States. The interview questions covered EMS workflow, challenges encountered, technology needs, and users’ perceptions of smart glasses in supporting daily EMS work. During the interviews, we demonstrated a system prototype to elicit more accurate and comprehensive insights regarding smart glasses. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the open coding technique. Results We identified four potential application areas for smart glasses in EMS: enhancing teleconsultation between distributed prehospital and hospital providers, semiautomating patient data collection and documentation in real time, supporting decision-making and situation awareness, and augmenting quality assurance and training. Compared with the built-in touch pad, voice commands and hand gestures were indicated as the most preferred and suitable interaction mechanisms. EMS providers expressed positive attitudes toward using smart glasses during prehospital encounters. However, several potential barriers and user concerns need to be considered and addressed before implementing and deploying smart glasses in EMS practice. They are related to hardware limitations, human factors, reliability, workflow, interoperability, and privacy. Conclusions Smart glasses can be a suitable technological means for supporting EMS work. We conclude this paper by discussing several design considerations for realizing the full potential of this hands-free technology.

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Bruce, Janine S., Monica M. De La Cruz, Gala Moreno, and Lisa J. Chamberlain. "Lunch at the library: examination of a community-based approach to addressing summer food insecurity." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 9 (March 20, 2017): 1640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017000258.

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AbstractObjectiveTo examine a library-based approach to addressing food insecurity through a child and adult summer meal programme. The study examines: (i) risk of household food insecurity among participants; (ii) perspectives on the library meal programme; and (iii) barriers to utilizing other community food resources.DesignQuantitative surveys with adult participants and qualitative semi-structured interviews with a sub-sample of adult participants.SettingTen libraries using public and private funding to serve meals to children and adults for six to eight weeks in low-income Silicon Valley communities (California, USA) during summer 2015.SubjectsAdult survey participants (≥18 years) were recruited to obtain maximum capture, while a sub-sample of interview participants was recruited through maximum variation purposeful sampling.ResultsSurvey participants (n161) were largely Latino (71 %) and Asian (23 %). Forty-one per cent of participants screened positive for risk of food insecurity in the past 12 months. A sub-sample of programme participants engaged in qualitative interviews (n67). Interviewees reported appreciating the library’s child enrichment programmes, resources, and open and welcoming atmosphere. Provision of adult meals was described as building community among library patrons, neighbours and staff. Participants emphasized lack of awareness, misinformation about programmes, structural barriers (i.e. transportation), immigration fears and stigma as barriers to utilizing community food resources.ConclusionsFood insecurity remains high in our study population. Public libraries are ideal locations for community-based meal programmes due to their welcoming and stigma-free environment. Libraries are well positioned to link individuals to other social services given their reputation as trusted community organizations.

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Cormi, Clément, Guillaume Parpex, Camille Julio, Fiona Ecarnot, David Laplanche, Geoffrey Vannieuwenhuyse, Antoine Duclos, and Stéphane Sanchez. "Understanding the surgeon’s behaviour during robot-assisted surgery: protocol for the qualitative Behav’Robot study." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e056002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056002.

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IntroductionRobot-assisted surgery is spreading worldwide, accounting for more than 1.2 million procedures in 2019. Data are sparse in the literature regarding the surgeon’s mechanisms that mediate risk-taking during a procedure, especially robot-assisted. This study aims to describe and understand the behaviour of the surgeons during robot-assisted surgery and the change in their behaviour with increasing experience in using the robot.Methods and analysisThis is a qualitative study using semistructured interviews with surgeons who perform robot-assisted surgery. An interview guide comprising open questions will be used to ensure that the points to be discussed are systematically addressed during each interview (ie, (1) difference in behaviour and preparation of the surgeon between a standard procedure and a robot-assisted procedure; (2) the influence of proprioceptive modifications, gain in stability and cognitive biases, inherent in the use of a surgical robot and (3) the intrinsic effect of the learning curve on the behaviour of the surgeons. After transcription, interviews will be analysed with the help of NVivo software, using thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationSince this project examines professional practices in the field of social and human sciences, ethics committee was not required in accordance with current French legislation (Decree no 2017-884, 9 May 2017). Consent from the surgeons is implied by the fact that the interviews are voluntary. Surgeons will nonetheless be informed that they are free to interrupt the interview at any time.Results will be presented in peer-reviewed national and international congresses and submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. The communication and publication of the results will be placed under the responsibility of the principal investigator and publications will be prepared in compliance with the ICMJE uniform requirements for manuscripts.Trial registration numberNCT04869995.

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Bin, L. C. P., A. Santos, A. Carvalho, and E. R. Turato. "Meanings of life experiences during manic episodes as reported by outpatients in remission in the Southeast Brazil: A clinical-qualitative study." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71964-2.

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BackgroundPsychosocial representations about the manic episode may constitute personal difficulty factors in dealing with the disorder, to relate socially and compromise satisfactory adherence to clinical treatments. It was elected to recall the experiences of manic episode due to its social and individual stigma.PurposeTo discuss the meanings of life experiences regarding manic episodes as reported by outpatients with bipolar affective disorder in remission.MethodResearch methodology from the Humanities employed to health settings, using clinical-qualitative method, with the technique of semi-directed interview with open-ended questions. The sample was closed by the criterion of theoretical saturation of information. Eight interviews were conducted in a university psychiatric clinic. Data were treated through the qualitative content analysis, with free-floating readings of the corpus - the set of the transcribed interviews - in order to categorization in core's discussion.ResultsPatients whom experienced manic episodes use unique adaptive mechanisms to deal with their psychosocial experiences and emotions. The highlights were the recognized strategies of bargaining, denial, rationalization and escaping when facing the experienced problems.ConclusionThe recognition of the management of patients’ experiences of mental disorder by the healthcare team can better harmonize the professional-patient relationship and develop strategies for greater adherence to the therapeutic and preventive measures for recurrence of the episodes.

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Brusać, Luči, Josipa Dadić, and Tamara Kisovar-Ivanda. "Učeničkim samovrednovanjem do kvalitetnih učeničkih postignuća." Magistra Iadertina 11, no. 1 (November 8, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/magistra.1328.

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The paper presents a study conducted to draw attention to the possibilities of developing the skills of self-evaluation in the process of school learning and their relationship to student achievements. Strategy of here displayed self-evaluation is aimed at learning (development, formative purpose), and not according to numerical assessment (summative purposes). The study included 196 participants (188 students from two schools in Zadar and their 8 teacher). The experimental group included 98 ofstudents, while the control group included 90 ofstudents. With the aim of deep insight into the process of self-evaluation of students' achievements, during the study was used a combined methodology, which included the use of a questionnaire with seven questions of closed type and two open-ended questions intended for the free statements of students, taking part interview with students and semi-structured interviews with their teachers. The results of students' cognitive achievements of both groups, obtained by standardized tests of knowledge, were observedand and analyzed by methods of quantitative data processing. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the results of students experimental and control groups. Analysis of students' free narration and analysis of transcripts of interviews by teachers suggest, as has already been observed by quantitative analysis, trends of higher motivation of students, during and after continuous self-evaluation, reflection on cognitive and metakognitive level and about intensifying the teaching professional focus on the problems of student self-evaluation. Interpenetration of the conclusions of quantitative and qualitative analysis and interpretation is confirmed by the initial assumption that continuous formative self-evaluation of students, during school learning, positive impact on the level of students' achievements, and their interest in the topics.

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Härting, Ralf-Christian, and Włodzimierz Lewoniewski. "Main Influencing Factors of Quality Determination of Collaborative Open Data Pages." Information 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11060283.

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Collaborative knowledge bases allow anyone to create and edit information online. One example of a resource with collaborative content is Wikipedia. Despite the fact that this free encyclopedia is one of the most popular sources of information in the world, it is often criticized for the poor quality of its content. Articles in Wikipedia in different languages on the same topic, can be created and edited independently of each other. Some of these language versions can provide very different but valuable information on each topic. Measuring the quality of articles using metrics is intended to make open data pages such as Wikipedia more reliable and trustworthy. A major challenge is that the ‘gold standard’ in determining the quality of an open data page is unknown. Therefore, we investigated which factors influence the potentials of quality determination of collaborative open data pages and their sources. Our model is based on empirical data derived from the experience of international experts on knowledge management and data quality. It has been developed by using semi-structured interviews and a qualitative content analysis based on Grounded Theory (GT). Important influencing factors are: Better outcomes, Better decision making, Limitations, More efficient workflows for article creation and review, Process efficiency, Quality improvement, Reliable and trustworthy utilization of data.

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Bat Or, Michal, and Reut Zusman-Bloch. "Subjective Experiences of At-Risk Children Living in a Foster-Care Village Who Participated in an Open Studio." Children 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9081218.

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The open studio art therapy model offers a space for free creation; in this space, the art therapist supports the participants’ art process. According to this model, the creative process is the central component of the therapeutic work. This qualitative study seeks to learn, through an analysis of interviews and artwork, about the subjective experiences of at-risk children living in a foster-care village who participated in an open studio. In addition, it seeks to identify changes in the artwork over time. This study involves a qualitative thematic analysis, while the analysis of visual data is based on the phenomenological approach to art therapy. The data include interviews and 82 artworks of five participants, aged 7–10 years. Five main themes emerged from the analysis of the visual and verbal data: (a) engaging in relationships; (b) moving along the continuum from basic, primary, art expressions (e.g., smearing, scribbling, etc.) to controlled expressions; (c) visibility, on a range between disclosure and concealment; (d) holding versus falling/instability; and (e) experiencing and expressions of change. The discussion expands on the themes in relation to key concepts in the field of psychodynamic psychotherapy and art therapy. It also examines the unique characteristics of this population in reference to empirical studies on developmental trauma and challenges of out-of-home placement. Finally, it discusses the study’s limitations and presents recommendations for further research.

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Vaughn, Sharon, and Jeanne Shay Schumm. "Middle School Teachers' Planning for Students with Learning Disabilities." Remedial and Special Education 15, no. 3 (May 1994): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259401500303.

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The flow of the planning process model was used to investigate one science and two social studies middle school teachers' preplanning, interactive planning, and postplanning for students with learning disabilities who were mainstreamed into their general education classes. Data were collected from interviews, classroom observations, free-flowing commentary of their lesson plans (think alouds), teachers' planning, videotaped teaching episodes, stimulated recalls, rating scales, and open-ended questions. data analysis revealed that content coverage, classroom/student management, and interest/motivation of the individual student are themes that guide teachers' planning. Teachers' practices and comments reflected little discourse pertaining to knowledge acquisition or planning for students with learning disabilities.

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Soe, Ralf-Martin, and Jaanus Müür. "Mobility Acceptance Factors of an Automated Shuttle Bus Last-Mile Service." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 7, 2020): 5469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135469.

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The main interest of this paper is to analyze the mobility acceptance factors of an automated shuttle bus last-mile service. There is limited research on the passengers’ perception of security and safety of automated mobility, whereas prior research is mostly based on surveys interested in attitudes towards self-driving vehicles, without being linked to the experience. We, on the other hand, are interested in passengers’ feeling of security and safety, after taking a ride with an automated shuttle in an open urban environment. For studying this, we conducted an automated shuttle bus last-mile pilot during a four-month period in the city of Tallinn in late 2019. The method is a case study focusing on one city with several tools for data collection applied (surveys, interviews, document analysis). The pilot, open and free for everybody, attracted approximately 4000 passengers, out of which 4% responded to the online feedback survey. For studying the operational capacity, we had a panel interview with operators of the shuttle service, in addition to analyzing daily operational log files. The results indicate that passengers’ perceived feeling of security and safety onboard was remarkably high, after taking a ride (and lower without a ride, in a different control group). The bus was operated only if operational capacity was secured, thus having significant downtime in service due to environment, technology and traffic-related factors.

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Lasch, Kathryn Eilene, Kristina Fitzgerald, Arijit Ganguli, Vijayveer Bonthapally, Farrah Pompilus, Laure Delbecque, and Saurabh Ray. "Using primary patient data to identify the symptoms of brain metastases to develop a patient-reported outcome measure." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e12515-e12515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e12515.

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e12515 Background: Increasingly, there has been a public call for direct patient input into the development of patient reported outcome (PRO) measures of treatment benefit in adult oncology clinical trials. Patient involvement is especially important in conditions where there is poor prognosis and comparative treatment benefit is minimal with standard outcome measures such as overall or progression free survival. To develop a PRO instrument specifically for patients with brain metastases (BM), this study interviewed patients in this population and also reviewed the clinical literature to identify the signs and symptoms relevant to BM. Methods: A literature search was performed inMEDLINE for articles published between 2000 and 2010. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 19 patients with BM using open-ended questions to elicit the most frequent and the most bothersome symptoms. Patient inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of BM and being eligible for whole brain radiotherapy. Results: The literature review identified the following symptoms as important: intracranial pressure symptoms (e.g., headache, nausea, vomiting), seizures, and focal neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis, mental status changes, memory, motor loss/weakness, visual loss/changes). The most frequent symptoms reported by patients in the interviews were: headache (74%), memory loss (63%), vision problems (58%), loss of balance (53%), and physical weakness (53%). Also, the patient interviews identified the following as most bothersome: headache (32%) and vision problems (21%). The patients reported additional concepts not identified in the literature review, including pain, fear, falling, fainting, and difficulty reading. Some symptoms or signs identified in the literature were not mentioned by patients during the interviews such as intracranial hypertension and hemorrhage. Conclusions: Although there was considerable overlap among patient and literature reports, including patient input broadened the comprehensiveness of potential symptoms. The results suggest the added value of collecting direct, primary patient data when developing measures to assess benefits of treatment in BM patients.

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Trask, Peter C., Bhumi Trivedi, Andrew Palsgrove, William Benton Jones, and Colleen McHorney. "Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma: Results of Hybrid Concept Elicitation/Cognitive Debriefing Interviews." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5973.5973.

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Abstract Aims: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disease that is characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow and the production of excessive amounts of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (usually of the IgG or IgA type or free urinary light chain [paraprotein, M protein, or M-component]). Hallmark symptoms of MM include bone disease, which contributes to pain, and anemia, which manifests itself as tiredness and fatigue. Recently, we developed a new MM Symptom Scale based on a systematic literature review and previously conducted qualitative interviews with MM patients. The instrument presents a set of symptoms and evaluates their frequency and severity over the last seven days. In this study, we conducted one-on-one interviews with third-line plus relapsed or refractory (RR) MM patients to: (1) elicit and confirm key disease symptoms that patients describe in response to MM using open-ended questions; and (2) assess the clarity, understanding, and content validity of the newly-developed draft MM Symptom Scale. Methods: Third-line plus RR MM patients were recruited for one-on-one interviews in San Diego, CA and Fort Lauderdale, FL. All participants had to be adult, symptomatic RR MM patients who had previously been treated with an immunomodulary drug and a proteasome inhibitor. They also had to have evidence of disease progression or be currently on treatment to qualify for the study. The first half of the interview focused on open-ended questions regarding important symptoms that patients had experienced. In the second half of the interview, the MM Symptom Scale was introduced, the patient completed the scale in a think-aloud cognitive-debriefing interview, and each question was evaluated for clarity and understanding. Results: A total of nine patients participated in the hybrid interviews of whom four were female and five were male. The average age of the participants was 61.6 years. The average severity of MM symptoms across the nine participants was 6.2 on a scale of 1-10. The average report of the worst level of pain experienced in the last week was 5.2 on a scale of 1-10. The average report on the worst level of tiredness experienced in the last week was 6.2 on a scale of 1-10. The most frequently-reported symptoms were pain (specifically back pain) and tiredness (100% of participants). Other commonly-reported symptoms include swelling of the extremities, itching, feeling depressed, and diarrhea. During the cognitive-debriefing portion of the interview, most participants did not find difficulty in understanding any of the items. Some symptoms, however, were deemed not particularly relevant for the nine MM patients. For example, all of the nine MM patients believed that the symptoms “loss of bladder control” and “loss of bowel control” did not apply to them. These and other symptoms will be evaluated more closely for potential exclusion from the MM Symptom Scale. Some symptoms – such as neuropathy, sleep difficulty, constipation, and weight gain − were endorsed by at least three patients and will be considered for inclusion in the MM Symptom Scale. Conclusions: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in MM patients is characterized largely by the burden of pain and tiredness in addition to a few other key symptoms. These can be reliably and validly quantified using HRQoL instruments. The MM Symptom Scale is currently being refined to provide a standardized way through which clinician investigators can assess the impact of novel treatments on patients’ HRQoL. Disclosures Trask: Sanofi: Employment. Trivedi:Sanofi: Research Funding. Palsgrove:Sanofi: Research Funding. Jones:Sanofi: Employment. McHorney:Sanofi: Research Funding.

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Grossi, Francesco saverio, Emanuele Utano, Paolo Minafra, Pier Paolo Prontera, Francesco Schiralli, Antonio De Cillis, Evangelista Martinelli, et al. "Oncological and functional outcomes of extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: An 18-years, single-center experience." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 93, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2021.3.268.

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Objective: To present a retrospective analysis on the oncological and functional outcomes of a single-center experience on a large series of extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomies (eLRP) with an extended follow-up. Materials and methods: Herein we present a retrospective review of patients who underwent eLRP. Oncological and functional follow-up data were collected by means of outpatient visits and telephone interviews, assessing overall mortality and biochemical recurrence-free survival. Patients with clinical T4 stage prostate cancer (PCa), previous surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), previous androgen deprivation, radiotherapy, concomitant chemotherapy and/or experimental therapies, and with insufficient follow-up data were excluded. Preoperative data recorded were age, body mass index, ultrasound prostate volume, preoperative PSA and clinical stage of PCa. Operative data (operative time, nerve sparing technique and any perioperative complication) and pathological findings were obtained by consulting the surgical and pathological reports. Oncological and functional follow-up were collected during follow-up visits and telephone interview. Results: Between January 2001 and December 2019, overall 938 eLRP were performed at our Institution. The median follow-up was 132 months. 69.7% of the patients had complete dataset. The estimated overall biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival was 71.4% at 5 years and 58.9% at 10 years. Cancer specific survival was 84,5%. Erectile function was preserved in the most of patients as postoperative IIEF-5 score within 12 months after surgery was > 12 in the 82.1%. About the urinary incontinence, 0.76% of the patients presented severe incontinence (continued and persistent loss of urine) and 7.0% were mildly incontinent (using up to one pad per day). Conclusions; eLRP has shown oncological and functional results comparable to other minimally invasive techniques and to open radical prostatectomy (ORP), with favorable perioperative outcomes than the open technique and a reduced complication rate.

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Sugiharto, Mugeni, and Nurhayati Nurhayati. "Mewujudkan Desa ODF (Open Defecation Free) Melalui Kegiatan Inovatif Di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Sumedang dan Lombok Barat." Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan 22, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/hsr.v22i1.855.

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Introduction: The ODF (open defecation free) village to realize a healthy environment in preventing diarrheal diseases.This study aims to. Local government support is very important to accelerate the increase in the number of ODF village coverage. The purpose of this study is to find out the efforts of the regional government to realize the ODF village. This type of research is descriptive, using secondary data obtained and interviews. Research sites in Muaro Jambi, Sumedang and West Lombok Regencies, 2016. ODF villages have progressed along with increasing government support and community participation in encouraging stop open defecation free (SODF). The coverage of SODF people in 2016 in Muaro Jambi Regency was 78.07%, in Sumedang Regency 79.53%, and in West Lombok Regency 85.16%. Innovations to accelerate the realization of ODF villages include regulations, giving prizes, cooperating with NGOs and local entrepreneurs to make sanitation shops and sanitation savings and credit cooperatives, and providing punishment for people who break the agreement to stop defecating. The support of the local government by making innovative activities has accelerated the increase in the coverage of ODF villages in each district. Local government support and community participation are very important to realize the ODF village. ABSTRAK Program desa ODF (open defication free) untuk mewujudkan lingkungan sehat dalam mencegah penyakit diare. Dukungan pemerintah daerah sangat penting untuk percepatan peningkatan jumlah cakupan desa ODF. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui upaya pemerintah daerah untuk menwujudkan desa ODF. Jenis penelitian diskriptif, menggunakan data sekunder diperoleh dan wawancara. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Sumedang dan Lombok Barat, tahun 2016. Terdapat kemajuan desa ODF seiring dengan meningkatnya dukungan pemerintah dan peran serta masyarakat menggalakkan stop buang air besar sembarangan (SBS). Cakupan masyarakat SBS tahun 2016 di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi 78,07%, di Kabupaten Sumedang 79,53%, dan di Kabupaten Lombok Barat 85,16%. Inovasi untuk percepatan mewujudkan desa ODF diantaranya menerbitkan regulasi, pemberian hadiah, kerja sama dengan LSM dan pengusaha lokal membuat toko sanitasi dan koperasi simpan pinjam sanitasi, dan memberikan sangsi bagi masyarakat yang melanggar kesepakatan stop buang air besar. Adanya dukungan pemerintah daerah dengan membuat kegiatan inovatif , telah mempercepat peningkatan cakupan desa ODF disetiap kabupaten. Dukungan pemerintah daerah dan peran serta masyarakat sangat penting untuk mewujudkan desa ODF.

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Curran, Louise, Khalid Nadvi, and Sangeeta Khorana. "Building on open economy politics to understand the stalled EU–India trade negotiations." International Affairs 97, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 1883–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab171.

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Abstract Global trade governance is increasingly characterized by a growing fragility in multilateral institutions and a preference for bilateral negotiations. The literature on such negotiations focuses primarily on successful agreements. Academic research on unsuccessful or stalled bilateral talks is limited, although better understanding of such outcomes may provide lessons for future negotiations. This article contributes to such understanding by proposing a revised open economy politics (OEP) framework, adapted to ‘second generation’ OEP analysis. Our framework highlights the multidirectional linkages between the trinity of interests, institutions and international interactions within trade negotiations, while adding the role of power and ideas to the analysis. We leverage our revised framework to explore why the European Union–India Free Trade Agreement (EUIFTA) negotiations stalled, thus providing insights as negotiators seek to revive them. Drawing on 45 semi-structured interviews conducted over a seven-year period in the EU and India, we examine what impact these different factors had on the progress of talks. Our results suggest that our revised OEP approach provides a multi-layered and integrated framework which enables us to better understand negotiating outcomes. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the shifting balance between emerging economies and developed economies as a result of the geopolitical (power) shifts and ideational change will affect future trade negotiations.

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Charapan, Nadzeya. "Communication Matters: How Do Visitors Interact with Ethnographic Open-Air Museums?" Informacijos mokslai, no. 83 (December 20, 2018): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2018.83.9.

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[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] Though the concept of an ethnographic open-air museum is not a new one, little is known about the interplay between a visitor and an amalgam museum setting. Ethnographic open-air museums are complex spaces with shared qualities of outdoor sites and indoor museums. Grounded in Gibson’s theory of affordances (1979), the article explores how visitors interact within and in relation to the hybrid space of ethnographic open-air museum and how communication shapes their interactions. The analysis is based on a qualitative study of visitors in the Belarusian State Museum of Folk Architecture and Rural Lifestyle (Aziartso, Belarus) and the Open-Air Museum of Lithuania (Rumšiškės, Lithuania). The data were collected using participatory observation and semistructured interviews with visitors. The article employs a constructivist approach and conceptualizes an ethnographic museum as a free-choice environment, where behavior patterns are linked to the institutional context and the visitors’ ability to perceive the information about the objects and environments that specified the possibilities and constraints for interacting with the museum’s space. The study reveals how cultural communication fosters the diversity of visiting scenarios and the perceptions of ethnographic open-air museums as cultural heritage sites, natural parks and stages for entertainment. The implications of this research could be relevant to cultural policymakers and communication specialists in designing the cultural, recreational and educational policies of museums.

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McGregor, Susan E., Franziska Roesner, and Kelly Caine. "Individual versus Organizational Computer Security and Privacy Concerns in Journalism." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 418–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2016-0048.

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Abstract A free and open press is a critical piece of the civil-society infrastructure that supports both established and emerging democracies. However, as the professional activities of reporting and publishing are increasingly conducted by digital means, computer security and privacy risks threaten free and independent journalism around the globe. Through interviews with 15 practicing journalists and 14 organizational stakeholders (supervising editors and technologists), we reveal the distinct - and sometimes conflicting-computer security concerns and priorities of different stakeholder groups within journalistic institutions, as well as unique issues in journalism compared to other types of organizations. As these concerns have not been deeply studied by those designing computer security practices or technologies that may benefit journalism, this research offers insight into some of the practical and cultural constraints that can limit the computer security and privacy practices of the journalism community as a whole. Based on these findings, we suggest paths for future research and development that can bridge these gaps through new tools and practices.

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Rosanna, Siti Farihah, Khabib Fadlilatul Ma'ruf, Yogi Aditya, Globila Nurika, and Edza Aria Wikurendra. "Analysis On Village Readiness In The Acceleration Of Open Defecation Free Achievement Status Based On Stimulus, Organism, And Response Approach." Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region 4, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jphtcr.v4i2.10617.

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Introduction: Open Defecation Free (ODF) is a condition in the community that has carried out total sanitation and does no more Open Defecation (OD). Dukuh Village was chosen as the research location because it was a village with the highest OD in Ngadiluwih, Kediri. This high rate of OD is caused by a lack of public awareness about the importance of sanitation. This research was conducted to analyze the village readiness to accelerate ODF status in Dukuh Village.Methods: This study was done in a qualitative method with a single holistic case study design using Stimulus-Organism-Response theory. The key informants of this study were five persons:1) the Head of Dukuh Village, 2) the environmental health officer of Wonorejo Community Health Center, 3) Dukuh Village community leader and 4) the community representatives who still defecated, and 5) no more defecated in an open area after triggering activities. They were selected purposively. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussion, and documents review. Data analysis was done through the Spradley model, scoring and categorizing village readiness using the scales of Aydin and Tasci.Results: Five main problems were the lack of funds for the ODF program, poor socialization, low Clean and Healthy Behavior, lack of roles from community leaders, and limited land for latrine construction. Based on the analysis of village readiness in achieving the ODF program using the Aydin & Tasci scale, the obtained score was 2.1. This score indicated that Dukuh Village was not ready yet and a lot of system improvements[h1] were needed.Conclusion: Dukuh Village was not ready yet for the ODF program and need a lot of system improvements. It was recommended to make village policies, create working groups, and maximizing socialization.

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Gobo, Giampietro. "Ritorno a Likert. Verso una survey discorsiva." SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE, no. 88 (December 2009): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sr2009-088001.

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- For decades, the dilemma between open-ended and closed-ended response alternatives occupied the methodological debate. Over the years, dominant approaches in survey have reacted to this dilemma by opting for fixed response alternatives and the standardization of interviewer's behaviour. If this methodological decision has been the survey's fortune, making it the methodology most widely used in the social sciences, however it produces a large amount of biases well known in the literature. In order to re- medy these biases an alternative proposal can be designed by re-discovering and adapting two «old» proposals: Likert's technique called «fixed question/free answers», and Galtung's procedure named «open question/closed answer». Both procedures are guided by the same principle: make the interview into a conversation, let the interviewee answer freely in his/her own words, and thus release him/her from the researcher's schemes.

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Siu, Kin Wai Michael, Jia Xin Xiao, and Yi Lin Wong. "Policy, implementation and management of the inclusive design of open space for visually impaired persons." Facilities 37, no. 5/6 (April 1, 2019): 330–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-01-2018-0021.

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Purpose This study aims to address policy, implementation and management, the three stages of inclusive open space. It compares both the level of design and implementation of open space in Beijing, Hong Kong and Taipei by following the inclusive guidelines. It also identifies recommendations for policy, implementation and management of inclusive open space and its facilities. Design/methodology/approach Field observations were conducted in 27 parks within three cities. In-depth interviews were conducted with a variety of participants, including visually impaired persons, government officers, representatives of non-governmental organisations, local communities and experts. Findings Most of the so-called inclusive environments and facilities have not been user-friendly in actual practice. The findings suggest that policies are an essential precondition; however, implementation and management must not be ignored because they ensure the effectiveness of inclusive design. Research limitations/implications Comprehensive and continuous studies on the proposed framework are recommended throughout the policy, implementation and management processes. Practical implications The findings serve as a reference and direction for taking a holistic approach to inclusive design of open space in densely populated cities. Social implications This study examines the levels of inclusive open space and illustrates how to provide barrier-free environments that can be used by the widest spectrum of people. Originality/value This study evaluates policy, implementation and management in the three cities based on 29 guidelines generated from seven principles of inclusive design. A research framework is proposed for researchers and policymakers to consider how to achieve effective inclusive open spaces.

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Kafle, Simrin, and Bandana Pradhan. "Situation of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene and Diarrhoeal Disease After Open Defecation Free Declaration and Associated Factors of Makwanpur District, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20303.

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Background: Makwanpur district was declared Open Defecation Free in 2013 as the movement started in Nepal since 2003 to address the high burden of diarrhoeal disease among under five children. As the water supply, sanitation and hygiene situation of the district is not known after the declaration, the need for this study was visualized.Methods: It was a cross sectional study among randomly sampled 178 households using interview and observation. Water, sanitation and hygiene situation was assessed in terms of related facilities, knowledge and practices of mothers. Results were compared with the standard open defecation free criteria of Nepal. Five years trend of diarrhoeal disease was analysed from the health facility records to assess the impact of declaration.Results: Of the total households 92% had toilets and 90% had access to improved water source. About 79% mothers had high knowledge on safe water, sanitation and hygiene and 43% practiced hand washing with soap at critical times. Proper disposal of solid and liquid waste was found among 32% and 46% of households respectively. About 68% of households had good water, sanitation and hygiene situation and was found to be significantly associated with related knowledge among mothers irrespective of their economic status. Diarrhoeal disease among under five children was found declining after open defecation free declaration.Conclusions: Water, sanitation and hygiene status in the study area is found lower than the criteria for open defecation free declaration. However, diarrhoeal disease among children under five is declining after the declaration.

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Muanda, Christophe, Jacqueline Goldin, and Rainer Haldenwang. "Factors and impacts of informal settlements residents' sanitation practices on access and sustainability of sanitation services in the policy context of Free Basic Sanitation." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.123.

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Abstract Through the Free Basic Sanitation (FBSan) service policy, many informal settlements in South Africa have been provided with basic sanitation facilities. However, access to these facilities remains challenging for many residents. These challenges have compelled residents to adopt a range of alternative sanitation practices. Through interviews, observation and focus group discussions in five informal settlements in the Western Cape, South Africa, 383 randomly selected respondents identified factors that shape their sanitation practices and how these practices impact on access to, and sustainability of sanitation services in the policy context of the FBSan. Residents' sanitation practices include the use of buckets, porta-potties, plastic bags, and existing facilities within and outside their settlements for either defecating or discharging the bucket contents and open defecation. These sanitation practices are informed by factors including safety concerns, poor conditions of the facilities, lack of privacy and choice. These findings suggest that the provision of facilities through the FBSan policy should consider the multiple and varied needs of residents, practices and conditions of their settlements prior to the selection and deployment of facilities to informal settlements in South Africa. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

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Recio Mayorga, Joaquín, Prudencia Gutiérrez-Esteban, and Cristóbal Suárez-Guerrero. "Open Educational Resources in virtual teaching communities." Apertura 13, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/ap.v13n1.1921.

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Formative models related to the theory of connectivism are increasingly flexible, open and participatory. Under this trend, ideas such as virtual teaching communities (VCT) or Open Educational Resources (OER) have been Widespread, which lead us to talk about online educational opportunities. Accordingly, this work seeks and analyzes the uses and potentialities of educational resources of free access in a VCT, while examining the meaning that members of that community give to the OER. In addition, a qualitative research procedure endorsed the development and validation of data-collection instruments, such as an interview and an indicator guide to analyze and evaluate the OER shared in a VCT, through participant observation, which is characterized by exchange processes and collaborative work among teachers. Among the main findings, it is observed that virtual communities have a greater presence in teacher training, where the impulse and expansion of OER is verified. These facts highlight the importance of the research field of flexible and open education with technology and particularly, the potential use of VCT, where OER have a special relevance in teacher training.

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Likhtin, А. A. "Transformation of Public Administration in the Digital Era." Administrative Consulting, no. 4 (June 28, 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2021-4-18-26.

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The purpose of the article is to characterize the conditions for the transformation of pub- lic administration in the digital age. The relevance of the research is connected with the actively spreading digital innovations, which increasingly cover the frontiers of public ad- ministration, forming a new framework for institutional changes. These changes need competent reflection and systematization. The theoretical part of the work is devoted to the discussion of the concepts of “open government”, “digital government”, “digital trans- formation”, which have become one of the key elements of public management discourse. The process of digitalization involves the free flow of information from public authorities to the public and third parties, such as civil society organizations and the media, as well as from the public and third parties to the authorities, and is at the heart of well-function- ing open governments that are successfully undergoing the path of digital transformation. Methodologically, the article is based on expert interviews with representatives of public authorities of St. Petersburg, aimed at forming an idea of the institutional framework for the transformation of public administration in the context of digitalization. The author of the article conducted a number of expert interviews with the deputy heads of the districts of St. Petersburg and the deputy chairmen of the committees. As a method of interview analysis, the content analysis of the interview was used using the software ATLAS.ti 9 (http://atlasti.com). The main procedures implemented in this program are coding and grouping by category. As a result of the study, 16 codes were identified, which were com- bined into 3 semantic categories: macro-institutional conditions, micro-institutional condi- tions, and technical conditions for successful transformation of public administration in the context of digitalization. Analyzing the interview data, the author comes to the conclusion that the success of the transformation of public administration in the era of digitalization is directly related to the efforts and resources allocated by public sector bodies to imple- ment the law or policy, both at the time of implementation and over time. In other words, the interweaving of macroinstitutional, microinstitutional, and technical conditions plays a critical role. At the same time, the competencies of civil servants at all levels of govern- ment are a unifying element, a generative factor in the implementation of both macro-in- stitutional, micro-institutional, and technical conditions for the transformation of public administration in the era of digitalization.

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Brunette, Michelle K. "The Outdoor Guided Walk as a Culturally Sensitive Research Method." Diversity of Research in Health Journal 3 (March 4, 2020): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28984/drhj.v3i0.299.

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A guided walk is a mobile research method in which interviews occur over the course of a walk with participants. This mobile method can enable complex connections between people, and between people and places (Sheller & Urry, 2006). In this paper, I describe a three-stage outdoor guided walk, with emphasis on recommendations to advance this method. An outdoor guided walk can encourage open and pressure free dialogue, which can be especially useful in building rapport with culturally diverse participants. Future researchers wishing to employ an outdoor guided walk must consider weather, privacy and noise, and building a balanced relationship with participants. The guided walk offers many benefits in contributing to a dynamic and context-rich research environment, and contributing to both research and participant wellness.

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