Статті в журналах: "Frank Bridge"

1

Bishop, John. "Bridge-Building: The Frank Bridge Trust." Musical Times 132, no. 1775 (January 1991): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/965550.

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2

Everett, William A., Karen R. Little, and Stewart R. Craggs. "Frank Bridge: A Bio-Bibliography." Notes 51, no. 2 (December 1994): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/898893.

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3

Hindmarsh, Paul. "Frank Bridge: Seeds of Discontent." Musical Times 132, no. 1775 (January 1991): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/965549.

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4

Earle, Ben. "Modernism and Reification in the Music of Frank Bridge." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 141, no. 2 (2016): 335–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690403.2016.1216045.

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ABSTRACTDrawing on the tradition of Formenlehre, this article puts forward a methodological historicism as a means of mediating between the disciplinary expectations of musical analysis, on the one hand, and philosophical aesthetics, on the other. Stylistic developments in the later music of Frank Bridge, perhaps British music's best claim to a high modernist of the generation of Schoenberg and Stravinsky, are illuminated by means of Theodor W. Adorno's notion of musical ‘reification’. A comparative analysis of the complementary modernism of Bridge's contemporary Ralph Vaughan Williams is also put forward, and a critical light shone on recent writing on British musical modernism in general.

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5

FILATOV, G. V. "INHABITED BRIDGE OF THE XX CENTURY." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.03.2.

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This article shows the formation process of inhabited bridge during the twentieth century. First building-bridge was erected in 1962. It is Marin County Civic Center by Frank Lloyd Wright. In 1991 Stock Exchange was constructed in London by SOMs project. It is first square-bridge. In 1997 first inhabited bridge of еру twentieth century was erected in Moscow.

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6

Earle, Ben. "The Music of Frank Bridge. By Fabian Huss." Music and Letters 97, no. 2 (May 2016): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ml/gcw042.

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7

Mellers, Wilfrid. "Paradise, Panic and Parody in Britten's Frank Bridge Variations." Tempo, no. 217 (July 2001): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200017289.

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Britten's first masterpiece, A Boy was Born, paid tribute to the English choral tradition which had played so prominent a part in our musical history, albeit with a technical virtuosity very different from the manners, if not the modes, of conventional British pastoralism. Although A Boy was Born is not strictly speaking a religious work, it is about the burgeoning of life in innocence, and Britten's ‘cleverness’ involved a knack of discovering musical images that ‘enact’ aurally and even physically the visual images of the poems: a marvellous instance of which is the simultaneously burning and freezing major and minor seconds that aurally ‘realize’ the Bleak Mid-Winter of Christina Rosetti's poem.

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8

Landesberg, Amir, and Samuel Sideman. "Regulation of energy consumption in cardiac muscle: analysis of isometric contractions." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 276, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): H998—H1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.3.h998.

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The well-known linear relationship between oxygen consumption and force-length area or the force-time integral is analyzed here for isometric contractions. The analysis, which is based on a biochemical model that couples calcium kinetics with cross-bridge cycling, indicates that the change in the number of force-generating cross bridges with the change in the sarcomere length depends on the force generated by the cross bridges. This positive-feedback phenomenon is consistent with our reported cooperativity mechanism, whereby the affinity of the troponin for calcium and, hence, cross-bridge recruitment depends on the number of force-generating cross bridges. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a model that does not include a feedback mechanism cannot describe the dependence of energy consumption on the loading conditions. The cooperativity mechanism, which has been shown to determine the force-length relationship and the related Frank-Starling law, is shown here to provide the basis for the regulation of energy consumption in the cardiac muscle.

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9

Milani-Nejad, Nima, Ying Xu, Jonathan P. Davis, Kenneth S. Campbell, and Paul M. L. Janssen. "Effect of muscle length on cross-bridge kinetics in intact cardiac trabeculae at body temperature." Journal of General Physiology 141, no. 1 (December 31, 2012): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201210894.

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Dynamic force generation in cardiac muscle, which determines cardiac pumping activity, depends on both the number of sarcomeric cross-bridges and on their cycling kinetics. The Frank–Starling mechanism dictates that cardiac force development increases with increasing cardiac muscle length (corresponding to increased ventricular volume). It is, however, unclear to what extent this increase in cardiac muscle length affects the rate of cross-bridge cycling. Previous studies using permeabilized cardiac preparations, sub-physiological temperatures, or both have obtained conflicting results. Here, we developed a protocol that allowed us to reliably and reproducibly measure the rate of tension redevelopment (ktr; which depends on the rate of cross-bridge cycling) in intact trabeculae at body temperature. Using K+ contractures to induce a tonic level of force, we showed the ktr was slower in rabbit muscle (which contains predominantly β myosin) than in rat muscle (which contains predominantly α myosin). Analyses of ktr in rat muscle at optimal length (Lopt) and 90% of optimal length (L90) revealed that ktr was significantly slower at Lopt (27.7 ± 3.3 and 27.8 ± 3.0 s−1 in duplicate analyses) than at L90 (45.1 ± 7.6 and 47.5 ± 9.2 s−1). We therefore show that ktr can be measured in intact rat and rabbit cardiac trabeculae, and that the ktr decreases when muscles are stretched to their optimal length under near-physiological conditions, indicating that the Frank–Starling mechanism not only increases force but also affects cross-bridge cycling kinetics.

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10

Siry, Joseph M. "Building as Bridge: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Marin County Civic Center." Art Bulletin 101, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 115–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043079.2019.1564179.

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11

Terui, Takako, Munguntsetseg Sodnomtseren, Douchi Matsuba, Jun Udaka, Shin'ichi Ishiwata, Iwao Ohtsuki, Satoshi Kurihara, and Norio Fukuda. "Troponin and Titin Coordinately Regulate Length-dependent Activation in Skinned Porcine Ventricular Muscle." Journal of General Physiology 131, no. 3 (February 25, 2008): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200709895.

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We investigated the molecular mechanism by which troponin (Tn) regulates the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart. Quasi-complete reconstitution of thin filaments with rabbit fast skeletal Tn (sTn) attenuated length-dependent activation in skinned porcine left ventricular muscle, to a magnitude similar to that observed in rabbit fast skeletal muscle. The rate of force redevelopment increased upon sTn reconstitution at submaximal levels, coupled with an increase in Ca2+ sensitivity of force, suggesting the acceleration of cross-bridge formation and, accordingly, a reduction in the fraction of resting cross-bridges that can potentially produce additional active force. An increase in titin-based passive force, induced by manipulating the prehistory of stretch, enhanced length-dependent activation, in both control and sTn-reconstituted muscles. Furthermore, reconstitution of rabbit fast skeletal muscle with porcine left ventricular Tn enhanced length-dependent activation, accompanied by a decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity of force. These findings demonstrate that Tn plays an important role in the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart via on–off switching of the thin filament state, in concert with titin-based regulation.

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12

Wannenburg, Thomas, Paul M. L. Janssen, Dongsheng Fan, and Pieter P. De Tombe. "The Frank-Starling mechanism is not mediated by changes in rate of cross-bridge detachment." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): H2428—H2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.5.h2428.

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We tested the hypothesis that the Frank-Starling relationship is mediated by changes in the rate of cross-bridge detachment in cardiac muscle. We simultaneously measured isometric force development and the rate of ATP consumption at various levels of Ca2+ activation in skinned rat cardiac trabecular muscles at three sarcomere lengths (2.0, 2.1, and 2.2 μm). The maximum rate of ATP consumption was 1.5 nmol ⋅ s−1 ⋅ μl fiber vol−1, which represents an estimated adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) rate of ∼10 s−1 per myosin head at 24°C. The rate of ATP consumption was tightly and linearly coupled to the level of isometric force development, and changes in sarcomere length had no effect on the slope of the force-ATPase relationships. The average slope of the force-ATPase relationships was 15.5 pmol ⋅ mN−1 ⋅ mm−1. These results suggest that the mechanisms that underlie the Frank-Starling relationship in cardiac muscle do not involve changes in the kinetics of the apparent detachment step in the cross-bridge cycle.

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13

Milani-Nejad, Nima, Benjamin D. Canan, Mohammad T. Elnakish, Jonathan P. Davis, Jae-Hoon Chung, Vadim V. Fedorov, Philip F. Binkley, et al. "The Frank-Starling mechanism involves deceleration of cross-bridge kinetics and is preserved in failing human right ventricular myocardium." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309, no. 12 (December 15, 2015): H2077—H2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00685.2015.

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Cross-bridge cycling rate is an important determinant of cardiac output, and its alteration can potentially contribute to reduced output in heart failure patients. Additionally, animal studies suggest that this rate can be regulated by muscle length. The purpose of this study was to investigate cross-bridge cycling rate and its regulation by muscle length under near-physiological conditions in intact right ventricular muscles of nonfailing and failing human hearts. We acquired freshly explanted nonfailing ( n = 9) and failing ( n = 10) human hearts. All experiments were performed on intact right ventricular cardiac trabeculae ( n = 40) at physiological temperature and near the normal heart rate range. The failing myocardium showed the typical heart failure phenotype: a negative force-frequency relationship and β-adrenergic desensitization ( P < 0.05), indicating the expected pathological myocardium in the right ventricles. We found that there exists a length-dependent regulation of cross-bridge cycling kinetics in human myocardium. Decreasing muscle length accelerated the rate of cross-bridge reattachment ( ktr) in both nonfailing and failing myocardium ( P < 0.05) equally; there were no major differences between nonfailing and failing myocardium at each respective length ( P > 0.05), indicating that this regulatory mechanism is preserved in heart failure. Length-dependent assessment of twitch kinetics mirrored these findings; normalized dF/d t slowed down with increasing length of the muscle and was virtually identical in diseased tissue. This study shows for the first time that muscle length regulates cross-bridge kinetics in human myocardium under near-physiological conditions and that those kinetics are preserved in the right ventricular tissues of heart failure patients.

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14

Tanner, Bertrand C. W., Jason J. Breithaupt, and Peter O. Awinda. "Myosin MgADP release rate decreases at longer sarcomere length to prolong myosin attachment time in skinned rat myocardium." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309, no. 12 (December 15, 2015): H2087—H2097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00555.2015.

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Cardiac contractility increases as sarcomere length increases, suggesting that intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlie the Frank-Starling relationship to confer increased cardiac output with greater ventricular filling. The capacity of myosin to bind with actin and generate force in a muscle cell is Ca2+ regulated by thin-filament proteins and spatially regulated by sarcomere length as thick-to-thin filament overlap varies. One mechanism underlying greater cardiac contractility as sarcomere length increases could involve longer myosin attachment time ( t on) due to slowed myosin kinetics at longer sarcomere length. To test this idea, we used stochastic length-perturbation analysis in skinned rat papillary muscle strips to measure t on as [MgATP] varied (0.05–5 mM) at 1.9 and 2.2 μm sarcomere lengths. From this t on-MgATP relationship, we calculated cross-bridge MgADP release rate and MgATP binding rates. As MgATP increased, t on decreased for both sarcomere lengths, but t on was roughly 70% longer for 2.2 vs. 1.9 μm sarcomere length at maximally activated conditions. These t on differences were driven by a slower MgADP release rate at 2.2 μm sarcomere length (41 ± 3 vs. 74 ± 7 s−1), since MgATP binding rate was not different between the two sarcomere lengths. At submaximal activation levels near the pCa50 value of the tension-pCa relationship for each sarcomere length, length-dependent increases in t on were roughly 15% longer for 2.2 vs. 1.9 μm sarcomere length. These changes in cross-bridge kinetics could amplify cooperative cross-bridge contributions to force production and thin-filament activation at longer sarcomere length and suggest that length-dependent changes in myosin MgADP release rate may contribute to the Frank-Starling relationship in the heart.

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15

Wang, Zhijie, Jitandrakumar R. Patel, David A. Schreier, Timothy A. Hacker, Richard L. Moss, and Naomi C. Chesler. "Organ-level right ventricular dysfunction with preserved Frank-Starling mechanism in a mouse model of pulmonary arterial hypertension." Journal of Applied Physiology 124, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 1244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00725.2017.

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rapidly fatal disease in which mortality is due to right ventricular (RV) failure. It is unclear whether RV dysfunction initiates at the organ level or the subcellular level or both. We hypothesized that chronic pressure overload-induced RV dysfunction begins at the organ level with preserved Frank-Starling mechanism in myocytes. To test this hypothesis, we induced PAH with Sugen + hypoxia (HySu) in mice and measured RV whole organ and subcellular functional changes by in vivo pressure-volume measurements and in vitro trabeculae length-tension measurements, respectively, at multiple time points for up to 56 days. We observed progressive changes in RV function at the organ level: in contrast to early PAH (14-day HySu), in late PAH (56-day HySu) ejection fraction and ventricular-vascular coupling were decreased. At the subcellular level, direct measurements of myofilament contraction showed that RV contractile force was similarly increased at any stage of PAH development. Moreover, cross-bridge kinetics were not changed and length dependence of force development (Frank-Starling relation) were not different from baseline in any PAH group. Histological examinations confirmed increased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and decreased von Willebrand factor expression in RVs with PAH. In summary, RV dysfunction developed at the organ level with preserved Frank-Starling mechanism in myofilaments, and these results provide novel insight into the development of RV dysfunction, which is critical to understanding the mechanisms of RV failure. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A multiscale investigation of pulmonary artery pressure overload in mice showed time-dependent organ-level right ventricular (RV) dysfunction with preserved Frank-Starling relations in myofilaments. Our findings provide novel insight into the development of RV dysfunction, which is critical to understanding mechanisms of RV failure.

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16

Allen, David M. "Commentary on "The 'Ins and Outs' of Enactment: A Relational Bridge for Psychotherapy Integration" by Frank." Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 12, no. 3 (2002): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1053-0479.12.3.287.

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17

Smith, L., C. Tainter, M. Regnier, and D. A. Martyn. "Cooperative Cross-Bridge Activation of Thin Filaments Contributes to the Frank-Starling Mechanism in Cardiac Muscle." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 9 (May 2009): 3692–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2009.02.018.

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18

Reda, Sherif M., and Murali Chandra. "Dilated cardiomyopathy mutation (R174W) in troponin T attenuates the length-mediated increase in cross-bridge recruitment and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 317, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): H648—H657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00171.2019.

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Alterations in length-dependent activation (LDA) may constitute a mechanism by which cardiomyopathy mutations lead to deleterious phenotypes and compromised heart function, because LDA underlies the molecular basis by which the heart tunes myocardial force production on a beat-to-beat basis (Frank-Starling mechanism). In this study, we investigated the effect of DCM-linked mutation (R173W) in human cardiac troponin T (TnT) on myofilament LDA. R173W mutation is associated with left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction and is found in multiple families. R173W mutation is in the central region (residues 80–180) of TnT, which is known to be important for myofilament cooperativity and cross-bridge (XB) recruitment. Steady-state and dynamic contractile parameters were measured in detergent-skinned guinea pig left ventricular muscle fibers reconstituted with recombinant guinea pig wild-type TnT (TnTWT) or mutant TnT (TnTR174W; guinea pig analog of human R173W mutation) at two different sarcomere lengths (SL): short (1.9 µm) and long (2.3 µm). TnTR174W decreased pCa50 (−log [Ca2+]free required for half-maximal activation) to a greater extent at long than at short SL; for example, pCa50 decreased by 0.12 pCa units at long SL and by 0.06 pCa units at short SL. Differential changes in pCa50 at short and long SL attenuated the SL-dependent increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity (ΔpCa50) in TnTR174W fibers; ΔpCa50 was 0.10 units in TnTWT fibers but only 0.04 units in TnTR174W fibers. Furthermore, TnTR174W blunted the SL-dependent increase in the magnitude of XB recruitment. Our observations suggest that the R173W mutation in human cardiac TnT may impair Frank-Starling mechanism. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work characterizes the effect of dilated cardiomyopathy mutation in cardiac troponin T (TnTR174W) on myofilament length-dependent activation. TnTR174W attenuates the length-dependent increase in cross-bridge recruitment and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity.

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19

Édes, István Ferenc, Dániel Czuriga, Gábor Csányi, Stefan Chłopicki, Fabio A. Recchia, Attila Borbély, Zoltán Galajda, et al. "Rate of tension redevelopment is not modulated by sarcomere length in permeabilized human, murine, and porcine cardiomyocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 1 (July 2007): R20—R29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00537.2006.

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The increase in Ca2+ sensitivity of isometric force development along with sarcomere length (SL) is considered as the basis of the Frank-Starling law of the heart, possibly involving the regulation of cross-bridge turnover kinetics. Therefore, the Ca2+ dependencies of isometric force production and of the cross-bridge-sensitive rate constant of force redevelopment ( ktr) were determined at different SLs (1.9 and 2.3 μm) in isolated human, murine, and porcine permeabilized cardiomyocytes. ktr was also determined in the presence of 10 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi), which interfered with the force-generating cross-bridge transitions. The increases in Ca2+ sensitivities of force with SL were very similar in human, murine, and porcine cardiomyocytes (ΔpCa50: ∼0.11). ktr was higher ( P < 0.05) in mice than in humans or pigs at all Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]) [maximum ktr ( ktr,max) at a SL of 1.9 μm and pCa 4.75: 1.33 ± 0.11, 7.44 ± 0.15, and 1.02 ± 0.05 s−1, in humans, mice, and pigs, respectively] but ktr did not depend on SL in any species. Moreover, when the ktr values for each species were expressed relative to their respective maxima, similar Ca2+ dependencies were obtained. Ten millimolar Pi decreased force to ∼60–65% and left ΔpCa50 unaltered in all three species. Pi increased ktr,max by a factor of ∼1.6 in humans and pigs and by a factor of ∼3 in mice, independent of SL. In conclusion, species differences exert a major influence on ktr, but SL does not appear to modulate the cross-bridge turnover rates in human, murine, and porcine hearts.

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20

Blake, Andrew, Robert Robinson, Alex Rovira, and Charles Sommers. "SEC and FDIC proposed rules on the orderly liquidation of certain large broker-dealers." Journal of Investment Compliance 17, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-07-2016-0029.

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Purpose To alert financial market participants to rules jointly proposed by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) regarding orderly liquidation of certain large broker-dealers as mandated in Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank). Design/methodology/approach Explains how typical broker-dealer liquidations are generally effected, the alternative of determining a broker-dealer to be a “covered broker-dealer” to be liquidated through an orderly liquidation proceeding under Title II of Dodd-Frank, the appointment of the FDIC as receiver and Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) as trustee, the requirement for the SIPC to file a protective decree with a federal district court, the possible use of “bridge broker-dealers” to facilitate an orderly liquidation, the FDIC’s procedures for settling claims of customers and other creditors against covered broker-dealers, and additional proposed provisions for administrative expenses and unsecured claims. Findings Counterparties of broker-dealers that could be subject to an orderly liquidation proceeding should evaluate the proposal and consider whether, if adopted, the rules would require any changes to credit risk or other internal procedures. Large broker-dealers that could be the subject of such an orderly liquidation proceeding should do the same. Although the formal comment period has closed regarding the proposal, market participants that did not submit comments but who still wish to influence final rule making should still consider submitting written comments to the SEC and FDIC or otherwise advocating before them. Originality/value Practical guidance from experienced securities and financial services lawyers.

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21

Mason, Jeffrey D. "Arthur Miller's America: Theatre & Culture in a Time of Change." Theatre Survey 47, no. 1 (April 13, 2006): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557406230096.

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In the fall of 2000, to honor Arthur Miller's eighty-fifth birthday, the University of Michigan sponsored an international symposium on the playwright's work, and Enoch Brater has now edited a volume based on selected presentations from that event. In plain terms, the book includes Brater's chronicle of Miller's days at the university, playwright Frank Gagliano's thoughts on adapting Timebends for the stage, Toby Zinman's interview with actor Patrick Stewart on playing Lyman Felt in The Ride Down Mt. Morgan, Brater's interviews with composer William C. Bolcom on his opera version of A View from the Bridge and with Miller himself via satellite hookup, an afterword by critic Mel Gussow, and fourteen scholarly essays that form the body of the volume.

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22

Payne, Anthony. "Britten and the String Quartet." Tempo, no. 163 (December 1987): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200023548.

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THAT BENJAMIN BRITTEN already possessed in his early twenties a most astonishing technical assurance has never been in doubt; nor that he commanded a range of feeling and a stylistic integrity which proclaimed a uniquely precocious maturity. So much was evident from early published scores like the Sinfonietta, Phantasy for oboe quartet, Variations on a theme of Frank Bridge, and Our Hunting Fathers. The route by which he had reached this early maturity, however, was not generally known until comparatively recently, and the book which was for decades to remain the most reliable and perceptive guide to his music—the symposium of 1952 edited by Donald Mitchell and Hans Keller—said little about the pre-opus 1 works, or about influences.

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23

Díaz-Maldonado, Rodrigo. "Historical Experience as a Mode of Comprehension." Journal of the Philosophy of History 13, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341352.

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Abstract In the past two and a half decades, Frank Ankersmit has developed a complex notion of historical experience. Despite its many virtues it has at least one major difficulty: it implies a sharp separation between experience and language. This essay aims to bridge this gap, while preserving the positive aspects of Ankersmit’s theory. To do this, I will first present the ontological and epistemological implications of Ankersmit’s notion of historical experience. Next, I will present my objections to his idea. Finally, I will propose two modifications to his notion of historical experience: first, in the epistemological sense by considering historical experience as a form of Louis Mink’s configurational comprehension and, second, in the ontological sense by relating historical experience with the vitalist ontology of José Ortega y Gasset.

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24

Amiad Pavlov, Daria, and Amir Landesberg. "The cross-bridge dynamics is determined by two length-independent kinetics: Implications on muscle economy and Frank–Starling Law." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 90 (January 2016): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.007.

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25

Ait-Mou, Younss, Karen Hsu, Gerrie P. Farman, Mohit Kumar, Marion L. Greaser, Thomas C. Irving, and Pieter P. de Tombe. "Titin strain contributes to the Frank–Starling law of the heart by structural rearrangements of both thin- and thick-filament proteins." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 8 (February 8, 2016): 2306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516732113.

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The Frank–Starling mechanism of the heart is due, in part, to modulation of myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity by sarcomere length (SL) [length-dependent activation (LDA)]. The molecular mechanism(s) that underlie LDA are unknown. Recent evidence has implicated the giant protein titin in this cellular process, possibly by positioning the myosin head closer to actin. To clarify the role of titin strain in LDA, we isolated myocardium from either WT or homozygous mutant (HM) rats that express a giant splice isoform of titin, and subjected the muscles to stretch from 2.0 to 2.4 μm of SL. Upon stretch, HM compared with WT muscles displayed reduced passive force, twitch force, and myofilament LDA. Time-resolved small-angle X-ray diffraction measurements of WT twitching muscles during diastole revealed stretch-induced increases in the intensity of myosin (M2 and M6) and troponin (Tn3) reflections, as well as a reduction in cross-bridge radial spacing. Independent fluorescent probe analyses in relaxed permeabilized myocytes corroborated these findings. X-ray electron density reconstruction revealed increased mass/ordering in both thick and thin filaments. The SL-dependent changes in structure observed in WT myocardium were absent in HM myocardium. Overall, our results reveal a correlation between titin strain and the Frank–Starling mechanism. The molecular basis underlying this phenomenon appears not to involve interfilament spacing or movement of myosin toward actin but, rather, sarcomere stretch-induced simultaneous structural rearrangements within both thin and thick filaments that correlate with titin strain and myofilament LDA.

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26

Verschoor, A., S. Srivastava, R. Grassucci, and J. Frank. "Native 3D structure of eukaryotic 80s ribosome: morphological homology with E. coli 70S ribosome." Journal of Cell Biology 133, no. 3 (May 1, 1996): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.133.3.495.

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A three-dimensional reconstruction of the eukaryotic 80S monosome from a frozen-hydrated electron microscopic preparation reveals the native structure of this macromolecular complex. The new structure, at 38A resolution, shows a marked resemblance to the structure determined for the E. coli 70S ribosome (Frank, J., A. Verschoor, Y. Li, J. Zhu, R.K. Lata, M. Radermacher, P. Penczek, R. Grassucci, R.K. Agrawal, and Srivastava. 1996b. In press; Frank, J., J. Zhu, P. Penczek, Y. Li, S. Srivastava ., A. Verschoor, M. Radermacher, R. Grassucci, R.K. Lata, and R. Agrawal. 1995. Nature (Lond.).376:441-444.) limited to a comparable resolution, but with a number of eukaryotic elaborations superimposed. Although considerably greater size and intricacy of the features is seen in the morphology of the large subunit (60S vs 50S), the most striking differences are in the small subunit morphology (40S vs 30S): the extended beak and crest features of the head, the back lobes, and the feet. However, the structure underlying these extra features appears to be remarkably similar in form to the 30S portion of the 70S structure. The intersubunit space also appears to be strongly conserved, as might be expected from the degree of functional conservation of the ribosome among kingdoms (Eukarya, Eubacteria, and Archaea). The internal organization of the 80S structure appears as an armature or core of high-density material for each subunit, with the two cores linked by a single bridge between the platform region of the 40S subunit and the region below the presumed peptidyltransferase center of the 60S subunit. This may be equated with a close contact of the 18S and 28S rRNAs in the translational domain centered on the upper subunit:subunit interface.

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27

Landesberg, A. "End-systolic pressure-volume relationship and intracellular control of contraction." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 270, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): H338—H349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.270.1.h338.

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The left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume relationship and the effect of ejection on pressure generation are predicted theoretically based on the intracellular control mechanisms. The control of contraction is described based on coupling calcium kinetics and cross-bridge cycling. The analysis of published skinned and intact cardiac muscle data suggests two feedback control loops: 1) a positive cooperative mechanism that determines the force-length relationship, the length dependence calcium sensitivity of the contractile filaments, and the related Frank Starling law; and 2) a negative mechanical feedback that determines the force-velocity relationship and the generated power. The interplay between these two feedback mechanisms explains the wide spectrum of phenomena associated with the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR); it provides an explanation for the "shortening deactivation" and for the recent observations of the positive effect of ejection on the ESPVR, i.e., the increase of the end-systolic pressure of the ejecting beat over the pressure of the isovolumic beat at the same end-systolic volume. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that the LV contractility depends on the balance between the two intracellular mechanisms and that the effect of loading conditions is determined through these intracellular mechanisms.

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28

Ma, Weikang, Marcus Henze, Robert L. Anderson, Henry Gong, Fiona L. Wong, Carlos L. del Rio, and Thomas Irving. "The Super-Relaxed State and Length Dependent Activation in Porcine Myocardium." Circulation Research 129, no. 6 (September 3, 2021): 617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.120.318647.

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Rationale: Myofilament length-dependent activation (LDA) is the key underlying mechanism of cardiac heterometric autoregulation, commonly referred as the Frank-Starling Law of the heart. Although alterations in LDA are common in cardiomyopathic states, the precise structural and biochemical mechanisms underlying LDA remain unknown. Objective: Here, we examine the role of structural changes in the thick filament during diastole, in particular changes in the availability of myosin heads, in determining both calcium sensitivity and maximum contractile force during systole in permeabilized porcine cardiac fibers. Methods and Results: Permeabilized porcine fibers from ventricular myocardium were studied under relaxing conditions at short and long sarcomere length using muscle mechanics, biochemical measurements, and X-ray diffraction. Upon stretch, the porcine myocardium showed the increased calcium sensitivity and maximum calcium-activated force characteristic of LDA. Stretch increased diastolic ATP turnover, recruiting reserve myosin heads from the super-relaxed state at longer sarcomere length. Structurally, X-ray diffraction studies in the relaxed-muscle confirmed a departure from the helical ordering of the thick filament upon stretch which occurred concomitantly with a displacement of myosin heads towards actin, facilitating cross-bridge formation upon systolic activation. Mavacamten, a selective myosin-motor inhibitor known to weaken the transition to actin-bound power-generating states and to enrich the ordered super-relaxed state myosin population, reversed the structural effects of stretch on the thick filament, blunting the mechanical consequences of stretch; mavacamten did not, however, prevent other structural changes associated with LDA in the sarcomere, such as decreased lattice spacing or troponin-displacement. Conclusions: Our findings strongly indicate that in ventricular muscle, LDA and its systolic consequences are dependent on the population of myosin heads competent to form cross bridges and involves the recruitment of myosin heads from the reserve super-relaxed state pool during diastole.

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29

Lydon-Staley, David M., Eli J. Cornblath, Ann Sizemore Blevins, and Danielle S. Bassett. "Modeling brain, symptom, and behavior in the winds of change." Neuropsychopharmacology 46, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-00805-6.

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AbstractNeuropsychopharmacology addresses pressing questions in the study of three intertwined complex systems: the brain, human behavior, and symptoms of illness. The field seeks to understand the perturbations that impinge upon those systems, either driving greater health or illness. In the pursuit of this aim, investigators often perform analyses that make certain assumptions about the nature of the systems that are being perturbed. Those assumptions can be encoded in powerful computational models that serve to bridge the wide gulf between a descriptive analysis and a formal theory of a system’s response. Here we review a set of three such models along a continuum of complexity, moving from a local treatment to a network treatment: one commonly applied form of the general linear model, impulse response models, and network control models. For each, we describe the model’s basic form, review its use in the field, and provide a frank assessment of its relative strengths and weaknesses. The discussion naturally motivates future efforts to interlink data analysis, computational modeling, and formal theory. Our goal is to inspire practitioners to consider the assumptions implicit in their analytical approach, align those assumptions to the complexity of the systems under study, and take advantage of exciting recent advances in modeling the relations between perturbations and system function.

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30

Stevens, Laura M. "Carl Bridge and Kent Federowich, eds. The British World: Diaspora, Culture and Identity. London: Frank Cass Publishers, 2003. Pp. 240. $40.95 (paper). ISBN 0-7146-8377-9." Journal of British Studies 44, no. 2 (April 2005): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/429777.

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31

Li, Xiaoyang, Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer, Massimo Bagnani, Jozef Adamcik, Paride Azzari, Jingcheng Hao, Aixin Song, Hongguo Liu, and Raffaele Mezzenga. "Metal ions confinement defines the architecture of G-quartet, G-quadruplex fibrils and their assembly into nematic tactoids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 18 (April 21, 2020): 9832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919777117.

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G-quadruplex, assembled from a square array of guanine (G) molecules, is an important structure with crucial biological roles in vivo but also a versatile template for ordered functional materials. Although the understanding of G-quadruplex structures is the focus of numerous studies, little is known regarding the control of G-quartet stacking modes and the spontaneous orientation of G-quadruplex fibrils. Here, the effects of different metal ions and their concentrations on stacking modes of G-quartets are elucidated. Monovalent cations (typically K+) facilitate the formation of G-quadruplex hydrogels with both heteropolar and homopolar stacking modes, showing weak mechanical strength. In contrast, divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) at given concentrations can control G-quartet stacking modes and increase the mechanical rigidity of the resulting hydrogels through ionic bridge effects between divalent ions and borate. We show that for Ca2+ and Ba2+ at suitable concentrations, the assembly of G-quadruplexes results in the establishment of a mesoscopic chirality of the fibrils with a regular left-handed twist. Finally, we report the discovery of nematic tactoids self-assembled from G-quadruplex fibrils characterized by homeotropic fibril alignment with respect to the interface. We use the Frank–Oseen elastic energy and the Rapini–Papoular anisotropic surface energy to rationalize two different configurations of the tactoids. These results deepen our understanding of G-quadruplex structures and G-quadruplex fibrils, paving the way for their use in self-assembly and biomaterials.

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32

Hachad, Naïma. "Borders and Bridges." Francosphères 2, no. 1 (January 2013): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/franc.2013.8.

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33

Foreman, Lewis. "Webern, the BBC and the Berg Violin Concerto." Tempo, no. 178 (September 1991): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200013954.

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The simplistic commentator would sometimes have it that, compared to elsewhere in Europe, British music–making between the wars was insular and inward–looking. This is not strictly true; and it very much depended on where you were. While in some quarters there was a strong conviction of the superiority of the British music that had emerged since Elgar, there was also widespread and increasing interest in what was happening on the Continent, as exemplified in the activities of Arthur Bliss, Eugene Goossens and later Constant Lambert and Frank Bridge, and the journalism of Havergal Brian. It was, of course, true that the new composers presented by the Diaghilev ballet attracted a wide following, not only for the brilliance of the ballets themselves but also for their high quality of orchestral performance, at a time when British orchestras were not renowned for their performance standards. Many British composers of the time were also performed abroad, far more than might now be realized, and the new music from Europe was heard in London. Particularly after the inception of the ISCM Festivals in 1922, with British musicians playing a leading role in their organization, an awareness of the latest trends in Europe was widely felt in UK musical circles — though certain idioms, particularly those of the Second Viennese School and some works of Bartók, would not become accepted by the wider public until the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, Sir Henry Wood and Sir Adrian Boult, in particular, performed new music in all styles.

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34

Ly, Sel, Kim-Hung Pho, Sal Ly, and Wing-Keung Wong. "Determining Distribution for the Product of Random Variables by Using Copulas." Risks 7, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks7010023.

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Determining distributions of the functions of random variables is one of the most important problems in statistics and applied mathematics because distributions of functions have wide range of applications in numerous areas in economics, finance, risk management, science, and others. However, most studies only focus on the distribution of independent variables or focus on some common distributions such as multivariate normal joint distributions for the functions of dependent random variables. To bridge the gap in the literature, in this paper, we first derive the general formulas to determine both density and distribution of the product for two or more random variables via copulas to capture the dependence structures among the variables. We then propose an approach combining Monte Carlo algorithm, graphical approach, and numerical analysis to efficiently estimate both density and distribution. We illustrate our approach by examining the shapes and behaviors of both density and distribution of the product for two log-normal random variables on several different copulas, including Gaussian, Student-t, Clayton, Gumbel, Frank, and Joe Copulas, and estimate some common measures including Kendall’s coefficient, mean, median, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis for the distributions. We found that different types of copulas affect the behavior of distributions differently. In addition, we also discuss the behaviors via all copulas above with the same Kendall’s coefficient. Our results are the foundation of any further study that relies on the density and cumulative probability functions of product for two or more random variables. Thus, the theory developed in this paper is useful for academics, practitioners, and policy makers.

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35

Ratcliff, Roger, and Michael J. Frank. "Reinforcement-Based Decision Making in Corticostriatal Circuits: Mutual Constraints by Neurocomputational and Diffusion Models." Neural Computation 24, no. 5 (May 2012): 1186–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00270.

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In this letter, we examine the computational mechanisms of reinforce-ment-based decision making. We bridge the gap across multiple levels of analysis, from neural models of corticostriatal circuits—the basal ganglia (BG) model (Frank, 2005 , 2006 ) to simpler but mathematically tractable diffusion models of two-choice decision making. Specifically, we generated simulated data from the BG model and fit the diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978 ) to it. The standard diffusion model fits underestimated response times under conditions of high response and reinforcement conflict. Follow-up fits showed good fits to the data both by increasing nondecision time and by raising decision thresholds as a function of conflict and by allowing this threshold to collapse with time. This profile captures the role and dynamics of the subthalamic nucleus in BG circuitry, and as such, parametric modulations of projection strengths from this nucleus were associated with parametric increases in decision boundary and its modulation by conflict. We then present data from a human reinforcement learning experiment involving decisions with low- and high-reinforcement conflict. Again, the standard model failed to fit the data, but we found that two variants similar to those that fit the BG model data fit the experimental data, thereby providing a convergence of theoretical accounts of complex interactive decision-making mechanisms consistent with available data. This work also demonstrates how to make modest modifications to diffusion models to summarize core computations of the BG model. The result is a better fit and understanding of reinforcement-based choice data than that which would have occurred with either model alone.

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36

Kraus, Sascha. "Book review: Simon Bridge, Ken O’Neill and Martin Frank, Understanding enterprise: Entrepreneurship and small business. Third edn. Houndsmill: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. 505 pp. ISBN 0—230—55270—6. £39.99 (pbk)." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 28, no. 1 (January 28, 2010): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02662426100280010702.

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37

Levine, Philippa. "Carl Bridge and Kent Fedorowich, eds. The British World: Diaspora, Culture and Identity. London: Frank Cass Publishers; dist. by ISBS, Portland, Ore. 2003. Pp. 240. $26.50 paper. ISBN 0-7146-8377-9." Albion 36, no. 4 (2005): 782–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4054663.

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38

Banfield, Stephen. "Philip Rupprecht, British Musical Modernism: The Manchester Group and their Contemporaries (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015). xiv + 492 pp. £84.99 (hb.). ISBN 9780521844482.Fabian Huss, The Music of Frank Bridge (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press,." Music Analysis 35, no. 3 (April 5, 2016): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/musa.12068.

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39

Fuchs, Franklin, and Stephen H. Smith. "Calcium, Cross-Bridges, and the Frank-Starling Relationship." Physiology 16, no. 1 (February 2001): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2001.16.1.5.

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The steep relationship between active force and length in cardiac muscle is based on a length dependence of myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. However, it is not muscle length but the lateral spacing between actin and myosin filaments that sets the level of Ca2+ sensitivity, mainly through modulation of myosin-mediated activation of the thin filament.

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40

Diao, Yuanan, Claus Ernst, Gabor Hetyei, and Pengyu Liu. "A diagrammatic approach for determining the braid index of alternating links." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 30, no. 05 (April 2021): 2150035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216521500358.

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This paper concerns the braid index of an alternating link. It is well known that the braid index of any link equals the minimum number of Seifert circles among all link diagrams representing it. For an alternating link represented by a reduced alternating diagram [Formula: see text], it is known that [Formula: see text], the number of Seifert circles in [Formula: see text], equals the braid index [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] contains no lone crossings, where a crossing in [Formula: see text] is called a lone crossing if it is the only crossing between two Seifert circles in [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] contains lone crossings, then one can reduce the number of Seifert circles in [Formula: see text] using link-type preserving moves such as the Murasugi–Przytycki operation. Let [Formula: see text] be the maximum number of Seifert circles in [Formula: see text] that can be reduced, then we have [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, if the [Formula: see text]-span of the HOMFLY polynomial of [Formula: see text] satisfies the equality [Formula: see text]-span[Formula: see text], then the Morton–Frank–Williams (MFW) inequality [Formula: see text]-span[Formula: see text] leads us to the simple braid index formula [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we derive explicit formulas for many alternating links based on minimum projections of these links by establishing the equality [Formula: see text]-span[Formula: see text]. Our methods depend on the structures of the link diagrams under consideration and our results lead to explicit braid index formulas that are applicable to a very large class of links, a proper subset of which contains all two bridge links, all alternating pretzel links, and more generally all alternating Montesinos links. The derived braid index formula for an alternating Montesinos link is a function whose inputs are the signs of the crossings in the rational tangles of the Montesinos link. Finally, by applying the now proven Jones Conjecture on the writhe of minimum braids of a link, our results also allow us to obtain explicit formulas of the writhe of minimum braids for the links discussed in this paper from the minimum projections of these links.

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41

ملكاوي, أسماء حسين. "عروض مختصرة". الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر (إسلامية المعرفة سابقا) 15, № 59 (1 січня 2010): 200–189. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/citj.v15i59.2647.

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القرآن الكريم والقراءة الحداثية دراسة تحليلية نقدية لإشكالية النص عند محمد أركون، الحسن العباقي، دمشق: صفحات للدراسات والنشر، 2009م، 320 صفحة. أزمة الحضارة العربية المترددة، أبو يعرب المرزوقي، الدوحة: الدار العربية للعلوم ناشرون، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، 2009م، 71 صفحة. العولمة وأزمة الليبرالية الجديدة - الكتاب الثاني، محمد عابد الجابري، بيروت: الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر، 2009م، 392 صفحة. أزمة القيم من مأزق الأخلاقيات إلى جماليات الوجود، جمال مفرج، بيروت: الدار العربية للعلوم ناشرون، 2009م، 95 صفحة. التعليم وأزمة الهوية الثقافية، محمد عبد الرؤوف عطية، القاهرة: مؤسسة طيبة للنشر والتوزيع، 2009م، 334 صفحة. Media, Religion and Conflict, By Lee Marsden, and Heather Savigny, London: Ashgate Publishing; Har/Ele edition (October 30, 2009), 184 pages. Muslims and Media Images: News versus Views, By Ather Farouqui, Oxford University Press, New York: USA (October 11, 2009), 368 Arab News and Conflict: A Multidisciplinary Discourse Study (Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture),By Samia Bazzi, John Benjamins Pub Co (October 15, 2009), 240 pages. Terror Post 9/11 and the Media (Global Crises and the Media), By David L. Altheide, Peter Lang Publishing; First printing edition (July 15, 2009), 232 pages. Al-Ghazali, Averroes and the Interpretation of the Qur'an: Common Sense and Philosophy in Islam (Culture and Civilization in the Middle East), By Avital Wohlman, Routledge; 1 edition (December 25, 2009), 130 pages. Al- Ghazali's Philosophical Theology, By Frank Griffel, New York: Oxford University Press, USA (May 28, 2009), 424 pages. The Qur'an in Its Time (So as Middle East Issues), By Werner Daum, Al Saqi (September 24, 2009), 224 pages. The East-West dichotomy, By Thorsten Pattberg, New York: LoD Press, (August 18, 2009), 276 pages. Understanding Muslim Identity: Rethinking Fundamentalism, By Gabriele Marranci, Palgrave Macmillan; 1 edition (February 17, 2009), 242 pages. God's Continent: Christianity, Islam, and Europe's Religious Crisis (The Future of Christianity), By Philip Jenkins, Oxford University Press, USA; Reprint edition (April 6, 2009), 352 pages. Was Jesus a Muslim?: Questioning Categories in the Study of Religion, By Robert F. Shedinger, Fortress Press (May 1, 2009), 192 pages. A Deadly Misunderstanding: A Congressman's Quest to Bridge the Muslim-Christian Divide, By Mark D. Siljander, HarperOne; 1 edition, (October 7, 2008), 272 pages. للحصول على كامل المقالة مجانا يرجى النّقر على ملف ال PDF في اعلى يمين الصفحة.

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42

Chartrand, Gary, Kyle Kolasinski, and Ping Zhang. "The Colored Bridges Problem: In Memory of Frank Harary (1921-2005)." Geographical Analysis 43, no. 4 (October 2011): 370–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2011.00827.x.

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43

Janotka, Ivan, Peter Paulík, Patrik Ševčík, and Michal Bačuvčík. "Physical and Chemical State of the Concrete Piers of the Former Franz Joseph Bridge Built in 1891." Key Engineering Materials 691 (May 2016): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.691.297.

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This article discusses the properties of concrete within the piers of the Old Bridge in Bratislava (former Franz Joseph Bridge). It was the first permanent bridge across the river Danube in Bratislava as well as within the present territory of Slovakia. Mechanical, physical and chemical properties were verified on core drills, some of them being almost 23 m long. The concretes were tested for dynamic and Young’s elasticity module and compressive strengths. Subsequently the fines of concrete specimens were studied by the X-ray diffraction, TG-DTA and mercury intrusion porosimetry techniques and also by chemical analyses and SEM observations. The piers were made from 5 different concrete kinds. The concrete in the caissons and in the piers does not fulfil the criteria for structural concrete defined in the present European standards. This finding seriously suggests that carrying capacity of the piers after the reconstruction of the bridge, without any strengthening would become questionable.

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44

Basso, Ellen B. ": Bridges to Humanity: Narratives on Anthropology and Friendship . Bruce Grindal, Frank Salamone." American Anthropologist 98, no. 4 (December 1996): 891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1996.98.4.02a00350.

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45

KITLV, Redactie. "Book reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 83, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2009): 294–360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002456.

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David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World (Trevor Burnard)Louis Sala-Molins, Dark Side of the Light: Slavery and the French Enlightenment (R. Darrell Meadows)Stephanie E. Smallwood, Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora (Stephen D. Behrendt)Ruben Gowricharn, Caribbean Transnationalism: Migration, Pluralization, and Social Cohesion (D. Aliss a Trotz)Vilna Francine Bashi, Survival of the Knitted: Immigrant Social Networks in a Stratified World (Riva Berleant)Dwaine E. Plaza & Frances Henry (eds.), Returning to the Source: The Final Stage of the Caribbean Migration Circuit (Karen Fog Olwig)Howard J. Wiarda, The Dutch Diaspora: The Netherlands and Its Settlements in Africa, Asia, and the Americas (Han Jordaan) J. Christopher Kovats-Bernat, Sleeping Rough in Port-au-Prince: An Ethnography of Street Children &Violence in Haiti (Catherine Benoît)Ginetta E.B. Candelario, Black Behind the Ears: Dominican Racial Identity from Museums to Beauty Shops (María Isabel Quiñones)Paul Christopher Johnson, Diaspora Conversions: Black Carib Religion and the Recovery of Africa (Sarah England)Jessica Adams, Michael P. Bibler & Cécile Accilien (eds.), Just Below South: Intercultural Performance in the Caribbean and the U.S. South (Jean Muteba Rahier)Tina K. Ramnarine, Beautiful Cosmos: Performance and Belonging in the Caribbean Diaspora (Frank J. Korom)Patricia Joan Saunders, Alien-Nation and Repatriation: Translating Identity in Anglophone Caribbean Literature (Sue N. Greene)Mildred Mortimer, Writings from the Hearth: Public, Domestic, and Imaginative Space in Francophone Women’s Fiction of Africa and the Caribbean (Jacqueline Couti)Colin Woodard, The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down (Sabrina Guerra Moscoso)Peter L. Drewett & Mary Hill Harris, Above Sweet Waters: Cultural and Natural Change at Port St. Charles, Barbados, c. 1750 BC – AD 1850 (Frederick H. Smith)Reinaldo Funes Monzote, From Rainforest to Cane Field in Cuba: An Environmental History since 1492 (Bonham C. Richardson)Jean Besson & Janet Momsen (eds.), Caribbean Land and Development Revisited (Michaeline A. Crichlow)César J. Ayala & Rafael Bernabe, Puerto Rico in the American Century: A History since 1898 (Juan José Baldrich)Mindie Lazarus-Black, Everyday Harm: Domestic Violence, Court Rites, and Cultures of Reconciliation (Brackette F. Williams)Learie B. Luke, Identity and Secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889-1980 (Rita Pemberton)Michael E. Veal, Dub: Soundscapes and Shattered Songs in Jamaican Reggae (Shannon Dudley)Garth L. Green & Philip W. Scher (eds.), Trinidad Carnival: The Cultural Politics of a Transnational Festival (Kim Johnson)Jocelyne Guilbault, Governing Sound: The Cultural Politics of Trinidad’s Carnival Musics (Donald R. Hill)Shannon Dudley, Music from Behind the Bridge: Steelband Spirit and Politics in Trinidad and Tobago (Stephen Stuempfle)Kevin K. Birth, Bacchanalian Sentiments: Musical Experiences and Political Counterpoints in Trinidad (Philip W. Scher)

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46

Kaddu-Mulindwa, Dominic, Gerhard Held, Michael Pfreundschuh, and Joerg Thomas Bittenbring. "Salvage High-Dose Melphalane and Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Diffuse Large b-Cell Lymphoma Refractory to 2nd or 3rd Line Treatment." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5881.5881.

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Abstract Background: Refractory or early relapsed (<1 year) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma has a dismal prognosis especially for those not responding to salvage chemotherapy (Van den Neste; Bone Marrow Transplant. 2016 Jan;51(1):51-7). Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is potentially curative (Glass et al; Lancet Oncology 2014 Jun;15(7):757-66). Even though this is less likely in those not responding or having frank progression pre-transplantation. Methods: At our institution we identified all patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma (diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma and blastoid mantle cell lymphoma) who were refractory or progressive to salvage chemotherapy with R-DHAP and who had peripheral blood stem cells (> 2x10^6 CD34+/kg body weight) collected after the 1st or 2nd cycle. These patients were eligible and planned to receive salvage high-dose melphalane and autologous stem cell transplantation as remission induction before allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Allogeneic transplantation was performed from sibling donors or matched unrelated or mismatched unrelated donors: The conditioning regimen with fludarabine, busulfane, cyclophosphamide and anti-thymocyte globuline as published (Glass et al; Lancet Oncology 2014 Jun;15(7):757-66) was used in all but 2 patients. Statistical analysis was performed with Prism©; GraphPad Software; (LaJolla CA) Results: From2006 to 2015 we identified 28 patients (21 male , 7 female, age 18-67 years, median age 47 years), 25 had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and 3 had blastoid mantle cell lymphoma. 22 had relapsed within 1 year after primary diagnosis and 6 within a median of 25.3 months. After high-dose melphalane and autologous stem cell transplantation 13 patients had a partial and 6 a complete remission. 1 patient died due to neutropenic infection, 2 patients died due to progressive disease leading to a transplant related mortality of 3.5 %. Median progression-free survival after autologous transplantation was 4.6 months. 24 proceeded to allogeneic stem cell transplantation. 8 patients had a matched related sibling, 9 had a matched unrelated donor and 7 had a mismatched unrelated donor. Transplant related mortality was 42 % in this heavily pretreated population. 2-year overall survival of all patients intended for treatment is 21 %. One of these patients with relapsed mediastinal lymphoma after allogeneic transplantation was cured by salvage radiotherapy and is in long-term remission (> 2 years). Conclusions: Salvage high-dose melphalane and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma as a bridge to allogeneic transplantation is potentially curative for a minor fraction of these patients. However, the remission rate of 79 % (46% PR, 21% CR) and progression-free survival of 4.6 months after high-dose melphalane and autologous stem cell transplantation provides a window of opportunity to use new drugs and cellular therapies in these poor prognosis patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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47

MALINSKY, J., and A. MOROZOVSKIY. "MOTT'S LIKE BEHAVIOR OF ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS." Fractals 04, no. 02 (June 1996): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x96000273.

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New model of Long Range Electron Transfer has been suggested to evaluate an electron transfer rate in some structures like proteins. Mott's like behavior has been obtained. It is possible that this description might yield better estimation for an electron rate than one which has been accepted in this field. This phenomenon may bridge proteins and doped semiconductors as far as their conductivity is concerned. Both Franck-Condon factor as well as an electron contribution have been optimized at the same footing. Fit with experimental data is considered to be reasonable. Fractal considerations allow one to account for intervening medium.

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Rosenbaum, Jonathan. ": Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles . Frank Brady. ; Chimes at Midnight . Bridget Gellert Lyons." Film Quarterly 43, no. 2 (December 1989): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.1989.43.2.04a00070.

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49

Rosenbaum, Jonathan. "Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles Frank Brady Chimes at Midnight Bridget Gellert Lyons." Film Quarterly 43, no. 2 (December 1989): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1212809.

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50

Winthrop, Rob. "The Real World: Conserving Biocultural Diversity: A Profile of Katy Moran." Practicing Anthropology 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.22.1.e91378314v25186r.

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The challenge of forging connections between anthropology and public policy is a lesson each generation must apparently relearn. The history of anthropology certainly offers good examples. But we also need to look to our contemporaries for models of successful practice. However impressive figures such as Franz Boas or Philleo Nash (Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, among other posts) may be, they faced different challenges and employed different strategies to reach their goals. As we stagger across that bridge to the twenty-first century, efforts to utilize anthropology in the policy domain appear far more challenging—both ethically and practically—than they did fifty or eighty years ago.

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