Статті в журналах з теми "Franco-German representations and cultural transfers"

This article examines the middle management representations of organization and managerial roles within a specific bicultural organizational context. The argument explores the extant cross-cultural management literature and identifies two predominant positions: a functionalist-stable stance and a dynamically interpretive perspective of culture. Historically, both positions have contributed to understanding management roles and behaviours in different cross-cultural contexts; however, each also possesses limitations. In response, the argument elaborates a multi-paradigmatic model and framework that synergise elements of the respective approaches. An interpretive methodology using a distinctive qualitative case study of the Franco-German collaborative media venture ARTE is developed. The researchers conducted 31 interviews with French and German ARTE middle managers in order to determine their perceptions of middle-manager roles in this context. The article identified differences in managerial role perceptions and behaviours as well as hybrid working practices as a result of intercultural adaptation and learning in addition to implications, limitations and future directions in the study.

Abstract The authors of the paper focus on the intercultural dimension in the translation of advertising texts, attempting to compare and illustrate the influence of cultural elements upon advertising text-creation in American, German and Slovak cultural spaces. Reflecting the social, psychological and cultural aspects of translation transfer, they survey the tension between the domestic and the foreign and consequent choices in translation strategy. They present tendencies observed across a span of almost two decades in the translation of advertising texts into Slovak and provide possible explanations for their development.

George Tabori (1914–2007), a Hungarian-born British playwright of Jewish decent, is closely associated with German Holocaust theatre. Less well-known is his prolific career in German radio drama. This contribution traces the trajectory of Tabori’s short story ‘Weissmann und Rotgesicht’ and its adaptation for German radio in 1978. The overall theme of its narrative can be identified as the issue of competing minoritized groups (Jews and Indigenous Americans), their respective identity politics and mechanisms of ‘othering’. My analysis first asks how the short story presents these questions, as it was written in a North American context primarily shaped by the popular cultural format of the western movie. Secondly, I ask how the topic is culturally and medially transferred to the radio play form, considering the production’s West German context of the late 1970s. My interest is guided by the question whether and how we can read this 1978 radio play as an intervention in the debate on the representation of the ‘Indian’ in popular German culture and its simultaneous erasure, several decades after the Holocaust, of the Jew.

This paper is written within the framework of a cognitive study of the economic discourse metaphor used to objectify various types of activities of an enterprise and its environment. The research aims to identify the semantic and pragmatic features characterizing the linguistic and axiological implementation of metaphorical representation of the internal structure of a modern economic company and its relationships with the external business world. The work analyzes the types of metaphors, highlights the features of lexical units that are actualized during the transfer of meanings, and demonstrates evaluative connotations. The scientific novelty of the research lies in systematizing metaphors of such an important segment of economic discourse as entrepreneurial activity and providing their typology based on Russian, English, German, and French, revealing the common and specific features in the conceptualization of relationships and characteristics of a modern company. As a result, the dominant metaphorical models in the representations of an economic enterprise, their axiological and cultural characteristics are shown, the types of metaphors in the “Economics” subject area corresponding to the functional aspect of metaphors are listed.

Summary Thanks to reforms of the enlightened absolutism the first Slovenian newspaper, Lublanske novice, was published in Ljubljana (Laibach) – besides Laibacher Zeitung, published in German – in the last decades of the 18th century and was founded by Valentin Vodnik. Both newspapers were the main transfer media for the Vienna Enlightenment, encompassing, among others, the beginnings of Slovenian linguistics and ‘pergodbe’. Their narratives focused on the fragments of secular prose, the ‘Bildung’ and humanitarian postulates and practices. Their representation, containing some cosmopolite accents, was deelitized, embodied into three-dimensional patriotism and, on the same occasion, as for the humanitarian topic, into utopian aspiration in social transgression. The narratives connect Enlightenment with ethnical and religious discourse, showing some ambiguities by interweaving gender stereotypes with the representation of the difference of Slovenian theatre and historiography and demonstrating cultural criticism along with pan-Slavism.

The representation of word boundaries constitutes a central issue of many writing systems and orthographies, especially when two different components of a segmental phonographic and a word-based morpho-syntactical principle interact. This interaction will be studied in the context of literacy transfer from a L2 learnt at school to a vernacular and non-written L1. The central question of this paper will be how three different types of literate and metalinguistic knowledge intervene in this process. As a case study, the spontaneously written narratives of Moroccan school children who speak Tarifit Berber as their first language in Germany (with German as L2) and Morocco (with Modern Standard Arabic as L2) will be analysed. We assume that the writing of Berber in these two settings does not only differ on the level of the two different scripts, but also on the level of very divergent orthographic principles at the morpho-syntactical level. This paper presents material from two research projects on literacy acquisition of Moroccan students in Germany and Morocco, in which students from different grades were asked to produce oral narratives in Berber (and their second language, i.e. Arabic or German, respectively) and then to transcribe them according to their preferred script system. The similarities in the treatment of word boundaries cut across the overt differences in the choice of the script system: pupils in Germany, even if they use the Arabic script, transfer a word concept from German, while in Morocco, even in the case of Latin letters, a different model is dominant. As will be shown with respect to the problem of prepositional phrases in detail, the different models function like “matrix scripts”. They indicate at the same time, albeit in different degrees, a cultural accommodation to the dominant school or official language.

The general concepts in theorising the aesthetics of film are still rooted in occidental traditions. Thus, thinking about film is dominated by Western terms and aesthetic paradigms—such as “pieces of work”, the representation of reality or regarding the arts as an act of communication. From such an angle, it is difficult to describe different characteristics of the cinematic image, for example, its ephemeral character. In contrast to occidental thinking, the cultural traditions of East Asia are based on the concept of the way (dō or dao), which allow for the description of aesthetics of transitions and transformations. Inspired by the concept of kire-tsuzuki, as developed by the Japanese–German philosopher Ryōsuke Ōhashi, I shall, in this paper, describe some alternative ways of understanding appearance and occurrence in relation to the cinematic picture.

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the Volga Germans’ national identity which is represented in the visual communication in the context of historical realities in the period of the end of the XIX and the beginning of the XX centuries. The symbolic space of preserved in Saratov Regional Local History Museum funds photos of propaganda posters, notes, streamers and labels’ patterns reflects not only the ethnical German traditional culture peculiarity but also marks famous historical events in the identified period. The comparative analysis of the elements and objects in the visual communication has led to the showing convergences both in their content and design. The semiotic method has revealed symbols and determined the semantics of the studied elements in the visual communication. The collected material has been divided into two groups, each of them having its clear explicit semantic load. The results obtained let us make virtual transfer into the ethnical German cultural space, set the geographical location and reconstruct some historical events typical of Russian Germans in the Volga Region. Preserved to this day not only the elements but also the objects of the visual communication are of historical value, fix ethnical German flavor, give an idea of the formation and representation of the Volga Germans’ identity. Preservation of the authenticity as well as biological survival was of the utter importance for the Russian Germans: the first settlers developed the wasteland in the adverse climate conditions, lived isolated, their dialects were the main means of communication; the Volga Germans equated themselves with the ethnical Germans inhabited their historical motherland – Germany. The concept idea of order typical of German ethnical culture ontologically with its value guidelines, traditions and customs is relevant in the present research.

Abstract In my contribution, I argue that a fruitful integration of computational network analytic methods into literary studies depends on how the ›interaction‹ of two characters in an abstract character network is formalized. I support this hypothesis by using the examples of co-presence, co-reference, and knowledge networks, which I analyze in Heinrich Kleist’s tragedy Die Familie Schroffenstein (1803). I assume that the co-presence of characters can provide the basis for more specific formalizations of interaction. But due to its basal specification of interaction, co-presence networks can only be integrated into rather limited questions of literary studies. I illustrate this circumstance by examining Franco Moretti’s approach in his essay Network Theory, Plot Analysis (2011): How does he connect his network analyses to concepts of literary studies? How does he reflect his methods? Which observational stance does he adopt? How appropriate is his approach to the object of study? And how does he tie his results back to literary theory? Moretti’s explorations show that his network analyses seem to be incompatible with established conceptions of characters – at least partially. Therefore, he demands a new conceptualization of dramatic characters in literary studies. To me, however, it seems to be more productive to put into perspective or enhance – under the auspices of network analysis – existing quantitative aspects of established character presentation (configuration, constellation). I therefore propose two additional formalizations of character interaction to create dramatic networks: co-references and knowledge transfers. Regular co-presence networks, which have widely been tested and discussed among (computational) literary scholars, will serve as a ground of comparison. I illustrate the merits and limitations of co-presence networks on both a single text analysis of Die Familie Schroffenstein and a larger corpus analysis of 587 German-language plays. Cursorily, I present the operationalization of co-references and knowledge transfers. The linguistic concept of co-reference means that two or more linguistic expressions refer to the same entities. A knowledge transfer, in my understanding, is a transmission of new information from at least one literary character to at least one other character. Manual annotations of co-reference chains and knowledge transfers serve as basis for the subsequent network creation. I compare these different manifestations of character interaction in terms of the resulting network visualizations as well as of various mathematical network metrics. The goal is to elicit how useful these two criteria are regarding drama analysis, e. g., the analysis of character properties, and to what extent they can complement, differentiate, or even replace the established co-presence networks. Co-presence, co-reference and knowledge networks reveal different aspects of the characters under consideration, picture different dramatic structures, and place different groups of characters at the center of the networks. Therefore, the three abstract textual representations seem to complement each other. In my article, I show that the extent to which the various criteria can be integrated into research questions of literary studies ought to be discussed on (at least) two levels. Firstly, it is necessary to ask how interesting, relevant, and informative a specific criterion is for one’s own research and whether it can relate to the terminology of literary studies. Secondly, it is important to consider how precise the respective criteria can be annotated manually and, subsequently, if and how reliable they can be annotated automatically.

The article deals with the linguistic representation of the linguoculturological triad "domestic – foreign – intercultural" as part of the theory of reflective and translation turns developed by D. Bachmann-Medick. Globalization has transformed the principle of binary categorization and mapped out the possibility of their synthesis and formation of a third space of communication. The purpose of the study is to analyze and describe translation strategies and techniques used for the transfer of intercultural meanings that create a third space in the perception of the global recipientt, where neither basic, nor adaptive culture markers are preserved. The empirical basis of the study is represented with the original and translated texts of international artistic festivals, memoirs of Russian and foreign artists, as well as the verbal content of news online platforms dedicated to the 150 th birth anniversary of S.P. Diaghilev. As a result of the analysis, three key strategies for the translation of linguistic-and-cultural units have been identified: domestication, foreignization and intercultural mediation. They are interchangeably used in the process of translating the Russian texts under consideration. However, owing to the communicative task of original texts – to convey the specifics of Russian culture and include national art in the world cultural fund, the strategy of intercultural mediation is the most frequently used one. This strategy is implemented through the use of Gallicisms in translated English and German texts, international vocabulary, and elimination of national and cultural specifics. It has been shown that a translator's individual style is imposed on the systemic and cultural specifics of natural languages.

Problem. The article deals with general issues relating to the main features of teaching a second or third foreign language (German and French, based on English) to students specializing in applied linguistics. A short list of similarities and differences between English, German and French in the context of their learning is given. This study presents an overview of the concept of multilingual education and analyses the main methods of teaching a third language. The problems associated with teaching a second foreign language are not sufficiently revealed, as this discipline is not very widespread in non-language educational institutions. It generally holds that the methodology of teaching a second foreign language does not differ from that of teaching a first foreign language, except that the second language is taught to a lesser extent. This approach does not take into account a number of characteristics that affect the effectiveness of learning the subject. Goal. The aim is to present the main features of teaching the second/third foreign language (German and French based on previously learnt English) to students majoring in Applied Linguistics. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to find more effective methods of teaching a second foreign language. Methodology. To achieve this goal, a number of research methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of pedagogical and methodological sources on the issues of third language teaching didactics and the concept of multilingual education. The term «multilingualism» is used in official European terminology to refer to both the linguistic diversity of a society and the ability of a person to speak several languages. The concept of "multilingual education" applies to both the development of an individual language repertoire and to «plurilingual education» i.e., education in a context of linguistic and cultural diversity. English, German and French have many things in common: Latin spelling and lexical similarities. All three languages contain many cognates - words that are similar in spelling and pronunciation and mean the same thing. All of these languages have a subject-verb-object syntactic structure. Consequently, the main problems in learning a second/third language after learning English, in the context of three foreign languages in contact with the mother tongue, are interference not only from the mother tongue but also from the second/third language, as well as positive language transfer, given that they both belong to the same Roman language group. Originality. The modern didactic approaches to multilingualism cause a major change not only in the way we teach, but also in the way we learn, develop curricula, and train future professionals. Practical value. The integration of work on language representation and multilingual learning, as well as explaining the plurilingual didactic approach to students, will make the language learning process more focused on students' real skills, more flexible and more creative.

The seven articles in this special issue represent a wide range of international comparative and review studies by international research teams from China, Germany, India, Russia, Switzerland and Mexico. The presented projects are part of the national program "Research on the Internationalisation of Vocational Education and Training", funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). An adapted version of Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory forms the conceptual framework of the special issue. The four system levels (micro, meso, exo and macro) are addressed by one article each. The article on the microsystem level focuses on the intended and implemented curricula in a cross-country comparison of China and Russia. The article on the mesosystem level aims at the development of a quality management model for vocational education and training (VET) institutions in India. At the exolevel, the regional structures of the education and employment systems in Mexico, particularly the cooperation between schools and companies in the hotel industry, are investigated. At the macrosystem level, the social representation of non-academic labour in Mexico is examined in terms of cultural artefacts. Furthermore, three overarching review studies systematise relevant research developments and approaches. The topics of the three review studies are European VET policy, transfer of VET and VET research. The scope ranges from the development of a comparative research tool to a summary analysis of over 5,000 individual publications. Given the broad scope and heterogeneity of the findings, a summative conclusion would hardly be appropriate. Nevertheless, with regard to the model of the ‘triadic conception of purposes in comparative VET research’ that represents a heuristic for describing the purposes of international VET research, we conclude with an emphasis on a need of more criticality. In this context, one finding can be pointed out as an example: One review study found that most studies (here, with reference to VET transfer) refer to the recipient country without a comparative perspective. Thus, there is a clear demand for more comparative research following a critical-reflective approach.

Abstract This study explores temporal aspects in tourism discourse across modes, languages and cultures, focusing on translated texts in German, Italian, French, English, and Spanish. Tourism communication, a persuasive force promoting destinations, constructs authentic experiences for potential tourists. Beyond promotion, it reflects a societal practice shaping tourist identities and destination cultures. The translation of tourism texts involves considerations of cultural values and multimodal representations, seeking to transfer the unique selling proposition effectively. Existing research has analyzed trigger words, interlingual strategies, and cultural representations, but a gap exists in understanding the translation of temporal aspects. This paper investigates the multimodal representation, promotion, and transfer of temporality in tourism texts, contributing to contrastive and multimodal research in tourism communication. Key questions addressed include how elements from different modes contribute to the unique selling proposition, how the advertising message is conveyed in a multimodal coherent way, and which temporal aspects are translated and adapted in the target language. The present paper sheds light on the intricate interplay of language and image in conveying the temporal dimension of tourist experiences across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts.

This article takes a closer look at the processes of transcultural adaptation by focusing on the French-Canadian television series Les Invincibles (Radio-Canada, 2005), which was adapted for the French-German cultural channel ARTE in 2010. Based on recent developments in adaptation studies, the authors discuss the question of fidelity as interseriality on two adaptation levels: production process and the diegetic world. Their interest lies in how this example of a multi-faceted, hybrid format impacts upon representations of identities and cultural specificities when it comes to its transcultural adaptation. In-depth, semi-structured, and qualitative interviews with producers and screenwriters are discussed within a content analysis of the episodes as well as a semiotic reflection on aesthetics and narrative aspects.Cet article propose une étude des processus d’adaptation transculturelle en se fondant sur l’analyse de la série québécoise Les Invincibles (Radio Canada, 2005), adaptée pour la chaîne franco-allemande ARTE en 2010. A l’appui des travaux récents dans les domaine des adaptation studies, nous discutons la question de la fidélité en tant qu’intersérialité sur deux niveaux d’adaptation: le processus de production ainsi que l’univers diégetique. Notre analyse porte sur les multiples facettes d’un format hybride et ses répercussions sur les représentations des identités et spécificités culturelles au moment de son adaptation transculturelle. Des entretiens semi-directifs et qualitatifs approfondis avec les producteurs et scénaristes sont confrontés à une analyse de contenu des épisodes ainsi qu’à une réflexion sémiotique sur les aspects esthétiques et narratifs.

Purpose Nested within institutional theory and the political economy perspective, this study aims to examine Chinese outward foreign direct investments (OFDI)-supporting organizations and fostering mechanisms for its SMEs in Europe’s largest economy, Germany. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct a multiple-case study to present rich insights from elite interviews with representatives of Chinese and German governmental organizations, intermediary parties and specialized OFDI consultants. In addition, the authors analyze secondary data such as presentations, websites, brochures, social media and recent Chinese OFDI policies for SMEs. The findings are triangulated by interviewing business owners and senior executives of seven Chinese SMEs that have invested in Germany. Findings Cooperating with Germany’s federal government, China’s ministries implemented an effective OFDI support network in Germany, which connects and benefits both economies. This includes Chinese governmental organizations, privately-held national champions, German–Chinese business associations and linked intermediary parties. These organizations support SMEs through four main mechanisms: networking and information, mutually beneficial knowledge transfer between innovation partners, lobbying for potential cooperation and an objective picture of Chinese OFDI and facilitating investment services. Originality/value This study advances OFDI theory and contributes to the growing discussion on the internationalization of Chinese SMEs by shedding light on China’s OFDI support organizations and mechanisms in the German market. The study also offers practical contributions. Understanding better how governments can spur internationalization is vital, as it determines the effectiveness of policymaking and fosters international mutual understanding, cultural exchange and firm growth and innovation (Ahlstrom, 2010), and hence ultimately contributes positively to society. Moreover, knowing the specific OFDI support organizations and measures China is currently adopting can serve as a helpful orientation for Chinese entrepreneurs who plan to invest in Germany.

This paper is based on findings from an ongoing research project at HafenCity University (HCU) Hamburg on Business and Neighbourhood Improvement Districts (BID and NID) in Germany, generically called Urban Improvement Districts (UIDs). The City of Hamburg introduced the first legislation in Europe allowing the transfer of the proprietor-led BID model and its mechanisms of joint financing and implementing activities in the public realm to residential areas at the end of 2007. A pilot project in the housing estate of Hamburg Steilshoop is testing this new legal instrument in practice. The author describes the introduction of the UID concept in Germany and the specific attributes of the German model. The transition of the BID concept from the longstanding privatist tradition in the US to the formerly strong welfare state in Germany requires careful adaptation to make the instrument fit for purpose under different cultural, legal and fiscal circumstances. The transfer of the mechanisms from commercial districts and business-oriented tasks to residential areas demands even more adjustments. The paper specifies both the risks and the potentials of the new legal instruments for urban development and area regeneration in Germany. Owing to the so far meagre practical experience with the new legal instruments in Germany, the findings are based less on empirical evidence and more on desk research and results from debates on this new private-led urban regeneration policy with urban planners and practitioners, representatives from the real-estate sector and scholars from different disciplines.

The research has a purpose of revealing the specifics of the German emotional concept SEHNSUCHT on the basis of corpus-based method being one of the fragments of contrastive linguo-cultural (language-and-culture oriented) analysis of specific linguo-cultural (language-and-culture) concepts. The tested method includes two research procedures: 1) establishing relevant senses of the concept SEHNSUCHT and identifying their basic sense clusters by contrastive translation analysis of concordances built on the basis of the word query Sehnsucht; 2) determining the emotional concepts that can serve as the representatives of the concept SEHNSUCHT in the target linguo-cultures (languages and cultures). The latter procedure includes processing the co-occurrent profile of the word query Sehnsucht. This profile is an up-to-date definition of the lexeme Sehnsucht. By extrapolating the basic semantic features of this definition on the cognitive features of the concept SEHNSUCHT, the main concept representatives of the latter have been determined. It has been revealed that the basic emotional senses of the concept SEHNSUCHT (‘striving’, ‘desire’, ‘wish’, ‘longing’, ‘mourning for a person one loses’, ‘passionate attraction’ and others) create the following sense clusters: 1) ‘intensive inner affection’; 2) ‘passionate (sexual) affection’; 3) ‘striving for life changes (alternatives)’; 4) ‘longing (nostalgia) for life changes (alternatives)’; 5) ‘mourning (grief) for another person, often with no hope’. Based on the linguistic corpus statistic data as of the frequency of co-occurrent-like forms, co-occurrents and left- and right-hand collocates of the word query Sehnsucht, the co-occurrent profile of the word was developed. With the help of the relevant definition of the lexeme Sehnsucht studied on the basis of the co-occurrent profile, the basic concept representatives of the concept SEHNSUCHT, i.e. PASSION, DESIRE, SADNESS, were revealed. These concepts can facilitate an adequate transfer of the specific concept SEHNSUCHT to the target languages and cultures, provided no adequate analogue exists. The tested method may be also applied in psycholinguistic studies aimed at mental and verbal categorization of specific emotions. References Adolphs, S. (2006). Introducing Electronic Text Analysis: A practical guide for language and literary studies. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203087701 Bahn, D., Kauschke, Chr., Vesker, M., & Schwaryer, G. (2018). Perception of Valence and Arousal in German Emotion Terms: A Comparison between 9-year-old Children and Adults. Applied Psycholinguistics, 39(3), 463–481. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716417000443 Belica, C. (2011). Semantische Nähe als Ähnlichkeit von Kookkurrenzprofilen. In A. Abel & R. Zanin (Hrsg.), Korpora in Lehre und Forschung (pp. 155–178). Bozen-Bolzaro: Freie Universität. Bloch, R. (1967). Über die Bedeutung der Todessehnsucht für psychogene Störungen des Ernährungstriebes. Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse, 13(1), 63–69. Citron, F., Weekes, B. S., & Ferstl, E. C. (2014). How are Affective Word Ratings Related to Lexicosemantic Properties? Evidence from the Sussex Affective Word List. Applied Psycholinguistics, 35, 313–331. doi:10.1017/S0142716412000409 Cowen, A. S., & Keltner, D. (2017). Self-report Captures 27 Distinct Categories of Emotion Bridged by Continuous Gradients. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(38), 7900–7909. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702247114 DKW. (1997). Der kleine Wahrig. Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Gütersloh: Berstelsmann Lexikon. Du, S., Tao, Y., & Martinez, A. M. (2014). Compound Facial Expressions of Emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(15), 1454–1462. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1322355111 DWDS Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Retrieved from: http://www.dwds.de/ressourcen/korpora/ Edgar, A., & Sedgwick, P., (eds). (2007). Cultural Theory: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge. Garnham, A. (1985). Psycholinguistics: Central Topics. London & New York: Methuen. Gawda, B. (2019). The Structure of the Concepts Related to Love Spectrum: Emotional Verbal Fluency Technique Application, Initial Psychometrics, and Its Validation. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 48, 1339–1361. https://doi.org./10.1007/s10936-019-09661-y Izard, C. E. (2011). Forms and Functions of Emotions: Matters of Emotion–Cognition Interactions. Emotion Review, 3, 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410737 Каліщук Д., Лазука О. Особливості вербалізації концепту freedom в американському політичному дискурсі доби «холодної війни». East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 2015. Т. 2, № 1, С. 52–58. Kotter-Grühn, D., Scheibe, S., Blanchard-Fields, F. & Baltes, P. B. (2009). Developmental Emergence and Functionality of “Sehnsucht” (Life Longings): The Sample Case of Involuntary Childlessness in Middle-aged Women. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 634–644. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016359 Kövecses, Z. 1990. Emotion Concepts. New York: Springer. Kulpina, V., & Tatarinov, V. (2018). Dictionary of Linguoculturology Terms as a Solution to the Current Research Problem. Open Journal for Studies in Linguistics, 1(1), 15–20. doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsl.0101.02015k Kuperman, V., Estes, Z., Brysbaert, M., & Warriner, A. B. (2014). Emotion and Language: Valence and Arousal Affect Word Recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 1065–1081. doi:10.1037/a0035669. LCC Leipzig Corpora Collection: Deutsches Nachrichten-Korpus basierend auf Texten gecrawlt 2018. Retrieved from: http://corpora.uni-leipzig.de/de/res?word=Sehnsucht&corpusId=deu_newscrawl-public_2018 Levenson, R. W. (2011). Basic Emotion Questions. Emotion Review, 3, 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410743 Ling. (2002). Sistema Elektronnyih Slovarey [System of Electronic Dictionaries]. ABBYY Lingvo 8.0. Software House. Lomas, T. (2016). Towards a Positive Cross-cultural Lexicography: Enriching Our Emotional Landscape through 216 “Untranslatable” Words Pertaining to Well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(5), 546–558. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2015.1127993 Маслова, В. А. Когнитивная лингвистика. Минск: ТетраСистемс, 2005. Mayer, S., Scheibe, S. & Riediger, M. (2008). (Un)Reachable? An Empirical Differentiation of Goals and Life Longings. European Psychologist, 13(2), 126–140. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040.13.2.126 Mizin, K., Letiucha, L., & Petrov, O. (2019). Deutsche linguokulturelle Konzepte im Lichte der germanisch-ostslawischen Kontraste: Methode zur Feststellung von spezifischen bzw. einzigartigen Bedeutungen. Germanoslavica, 30(1), 49-70. Mizin, K., & Letiucha, L. (2019). The Linguo-Cultural Concept TORSCHLUSSPANIK as the Representative of Ethno-Specific Psycho-Emotional State of Germans. Psycholinguistics-Psiholingvistika, 25(2), 234–249. doi: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-25-2 NWDTEL. (1993). New Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus of the English Language. Danbury CT: Lexicon Publications. Power, M. (2010). Emotion-Focused Cognitive Therapy. Chichester: Wiley. Scheibe, S., Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2007). Toward a Developmental Psychology of Sehnsucht (Life Longings): The Optimal (Utopian) Life. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 778–795. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.778 Scheibe, S., Blanchard-Fields, F., Wiest, M. & Freund, A. M. (2011). Is Longing only for Germans? A Cross-cultural Comparison of Sehnsucht in Germany and the United States. Developmental Psychology, 47(3), 603–618. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021807 Spiegel Online. (2004, October 25). “Habseligkeiten” ist schönstes deutsches Wort [“Belongings” is the most beautiful German word]. Retrieved from http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/0,1518,324670,00.html Stillings, N. A., Chase, Chr. H., Weisler, S. E., Feinstein, M. H., Garfield, J. L., Rissland, E. L., & Weisler, S. W. (1995). Cognitive Science: An Introduction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2350030113 Talmy, L. (2007). Foreword. In M. Gonzalez-Marquez, I. Mittelberg, S. Coulson & M. J. Spivey (Eds.), Methods in Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 11–21). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Vater, H. (2006). On the Mental Lexicon. Studi Linguistici e Filologici Online, 4(1), 175–204. Воркачев С. Г. Любов как лингвокультурный концепт. М.: Гнозис, 2007. Wierzbicka, A. (1999). Emotions Across Languages and Cultures: Diversity and Universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511521256 References (translated and transliterated) Adolphs, S. (2006). Introducing Electronic Text Analysis: A practical guide for language and literary studies. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203087701 Bahn, D., Kauschke, Chr., Vesker, M., & Schwaryer, G. (2018). Perception of valence and arousal in German emotion terms: A comparison between 9-year-old children and adults. Applied Psycholinguistics, 39(3), 463–481. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716417000443 Belica, C. (2011). Semantische Nähe als Ähnlichkeit von Kookkurrenzprofilen. In A. Abel & R. Zanin (Hrsg.), Korpora in Lehre und Forschung (pp. 155–178). Bozen-Bolzaro: Freie Universität. Bloch, R. (1967). Über die Bedeutung der Todessehnsucht für psychogene Störungen des Ernährungstriebes. Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse, 13(1), 63–69. Citron, F., Weekes, B. S., & Ferstl, E. C. (2014). How are affective word ratings related to lexicosemantic properties? Evidence from the Sussex Affective Word List. Applied Psycholinguistics, 35, 313–331. doi:10.1017/S0142716412000409 Cowen, A. S., & Keltner, D. (2017). Self-report captures 27 distinct categories of emotion bridged by continuous gradients. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(38), 7900–7909. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702247114 DKW. (1997). Der kleine Wahrig. Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Gütersloh: Berstelsmann Lexikon. Du, S., Tao, Y., & Martinez, A. M. (2014). Compound facial expressions of emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(15), 1454–1462. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1322355111 DWDS Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Retrieved from http://www.dwds.de/ressourcen/korpora/ Edgar, A., & Sedgwick, P., (Eds). (2007). Cultural Theory: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge. Garnham, A. (1985). Psycholinguistics: Central Topics. London & New York: Methuen. Gawda, B. (2019). The Structure of the Concepts Related to Love Spectrum: Emotional Verbal Fluency Technique Application, Initial Psychometrics, and Its Validation. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 48, 1339–1361. https://doi.org./10.1007/s10936-019-09661-y Izard, C. E. (2011). Forms and functions of emotions: Matters of emotion–cognition interactions. Emotion Review, 3, 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410737 Kalishchuk, D., & Lazuka, O. (2015). Osoblyvosti verbalizatsii contseptu freedom v amerykanskomu politychnomu dyskursi dobu “kholodnoyi viyny” [Verbalizing the Concept of Freedom in the Cold War U. S. Political Discourse]. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 2(1), 52–58. Kotter-Grühn, D., Scheibe, S., Blanchard-Fields, F. & Baltes, P. B. (2009). Developmental emergence and functionality of “Sehnsucht” (life longings): The sample case of involuntary childlessness in middle-aged women. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 634–644. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016359 Kövecses, Z. 1990. Emotion Concepts. New York: Springer. Kulpina, V., & Tatarinov, V. (2018). Dictionary of Linguoculturology Terms as a Solution to the Current Research Problem. Open Journal for Studies in Linguistics, 1(1), 15–20. doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsl.0101.02015k Kuperman, V., Estes, Z., Brysbaert, M., & Warriner, A. B. (2014). Emotion and language: Valence and arousal affect word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 1065–1081. doi:10.1037/a0035669. LCC Leipzig Corpora Collection: Deutsches Nachrichten-Korpus basierend auf Texten gecrawlt 2018. Retrieved from http://corpora.uni-leipzig.de/de/res?word=Sehnsucht&corpusId=deu_newscrawl-public_2018 Levenson, R. W. (2011). Basic emotion questions. Emotion Review, 3, 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410743 Ling. (2002). Sistema Elektronnyih Slovarey [System of Electronic Dictionaries]. ABBYY Lingvo 8.0. Software House. Lomas, T. (2016). Towards a Positive Cross-cultural Lexicography: Enriching Our Emotional Landscape through 216 “Untranslatable” Words Pertaining to Well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(5), 546–558. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2015.1127993 Maslova, V. A. (2005). Kognitivnaya lingvistika [Cognitive Linguistics]. Minsk: TetraSistems. Mayer, S., Scheibe, S. & Riediger, M. (2008). (Un)Reachable? An empirical differentiation of goals and life longings. European Psychologist, 13(2), 126–140. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040.13.2.126 Mizin, K., Letiucha, L., & Petrov, O. (2019). Deutsche linguokulturelle Konzepte im Lichte der germanisch-ostslawischen Kontraste: Methode zur Feststellung von spezifischen bzw. einzigartigen Bedeutungen. Germanoslavica, 30(1), 49-70. Mizin, K., & Letiucha, L. (2019). The Linguo-Cultural Concept TORSCHLUSSPANIK as the Representative of Ethno-Specific Psycho-Emotional State of Germans. Psycholinguistics-Psiholingvistika, 25(2), 234–249. doi: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-25-2 NWDTEL. (1993). New Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus of the English Language. Danbury CT: Lexicon Publications. Power, M. (2010). Emotion-Focused Cognitive Therapy. Chichester: Wiley. Scheibe, S., Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2007). Toward a developmental psychology of Sehnsucht (life longings): The optimal (utopian) life. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 778–795. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.778 Scheibe, S., Blanchard-Fields, F., Wiest, M. & Freund, A. M. (2011). Is longing only for Germans? A cross-cultural comparison of Sehnsucht in Germany and the United States. Developmental Psychology, 47(3), 603–618. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021807 Spiegel Online. (2004, October 25). “Habseligkeiten” ist schönstes deutsches Wort [“Belongings” is the most beautiful German word]. Retrieved from http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/0,1518,324670,00.html Stillings, N. A., Chase, Chr. H., Weisler, S. E., Feinstein, M. H., Garfield, J. L., Rissland, E. L., & Weisler, S. W. (1995). Cognitive Science: An Introduction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2350030113 Talmy, L. (2007). Foreword. In M. Gonzalez-Marquez, I. Mittelberg, S. Coulson & M. J. Spivey (Eds.), Methods in Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 11–21). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Vater, H. (2006). On the Mental Lexicon. Studi Linguistici e Filologici Online, 4(1), 175–204. Vorkachev, S. G. (2007). Lyubov’ kak lingvokul’turniy kontsept [Love as a Linguocultural Concept]. Moscow: Gnozis [in Russian]. Wierzbicka, A. (1999). Emotions Across Languages and Cultures: Diversity and Universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511521256

В данной статье рассматриваются основные выталкивающие факторы гугенотов, а также отмечаются ход, пути и особенности эмиграционных потоков во Франции с середины XVI до середины XVIII вв. Проведенный исторический анализ показал, что главной причиной эмиграционных волн гугенотов на протяжении несколько столетий были религиозные притеснения. Основными центрами расселения французских реформатов стали, в первую очередь, протестантские страны, такие как Швейцария, Голландия, германские государства, Англия. Гугеноты получили сочувствие и поддержку как религиозные беженцы в реформированных странах Европы. В результате своего исследования автор приходит к выводу, что Франция серьезно пострадала от утечки квалифицированных работников. Эмиграция значительно подорвала социально-экономическую ситуацию в королевстве. Учитывая, что среди уезжавших были и представители интеллектуальной элиты, это был существенный удар для науки и культуры Франции. С другой стороны, гугеноты играли важную роль в экономических и культурных трансфертах в Европе. Во многих странах благодаря их деятельности развивалась торговля и промышленность. Сегодня наследие гугенотов сохраняется как во Франции, так и за рубежом. Французские протестантские общины за рубежом создавали свою собственную эмигрантскую среду, сохраняя культурную, религиозную, этнические черты. Гугеноты активно участвовали в социально-экономической жизни принимающих стран, а так же были в постоянном диалоге с политическими институтами принимающих стран. Одной из главных особенностей эмиграции гугенотов является активное их участие в определении условий пребывания на новом месте, а также власть и выбор на переговорах, которыми они обладали в этом процессе. This article examines the main factors pushing out the Huguenots, and also notes the course, paths and features of emigration flow in France from the middle of the XVI to the middle of the XVIII centuries. Historical analysis has shown that the main reason for the emigration waves of Huguenots for several centuries was religious oppression. The main centers of the settlement of French Protestants were, first of all, Protestant countries such as Switzerland, Holland, German States, England. The Huguenots received sympathy and support as religious refugees in the reformed countries of Europe. As a result of his research, the author comes to the conclusion that France has been seriously affected by the leakage of qualified workers. Emigration has significantly undermined the socio-economic situation in the Kingdom. Given that among those who left were representatives of the intellectual elite, this was a signifi cant blow to the science and culture of France. On the other hand, the Huguenots played an important role in economic and cultural transfers in Europe. In many countries, thanks to their activities, trade and industry developed. Today, the Huguenot heritage is preserved both in France and abroad. French Protestant communities abroad created their own emigrant environment, preserving cultural, religious, and ethnic features. Huguenots actively participated in the socio-economic life of the host countries, as well as were in constant dialogue with political institutions. One of the main features of Huguenot emigration is their active participation in determining the conditions of their stay in the new place, as well as the power and choice in negotiations that they had in this process.