Дисертації з теми "France du XVIIIe siècle"
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Kriegel, Blandine. "La constitution de l'histoire savante aux XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO30000.
Повний текст джерелаPayen, Michel. "Démographie et société en Hainaut : Gommegnies et Frasnoy, fin du XVIIe siècle - milieu du XVIIIe siècle." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1184.
Повний текст джерелаHamoury, Maud. "La peinture religieuse en Bretagne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20010.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis is to study Breton religious painting between the XVII and the XVIII centuries. Although the richness of Breton religious heritage is well known, little attention has been given so far to Breton religious painting during this period because of its alleged poorness. This thesis is divided into four sections. Each one will analyse in depth the following topics : First an analysis of the structures of patronage and artistic commissions. These range from choosing the artist, methods and techniques through to contracts and final payments. Next, this thesis look into the different centres of artistic production and the social and economic contexts in which the artists worked. Attention will also be given to the artist's place in society and his training. Then the examine of the painter's profession : analysis of task distribution within the workshop and of the painters' influence. Understanding of painter's technical ability and nature of his work through the study of sources, especially prints. Then lastly, this thesis surveys the amount and range of paintings. Appendix I: Catalogue of paintings in Brittany. Appendix II: Biographical artists dictionary
Conchon, Anne. "Le péage en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010520.
Повний текст джерелаMarchal, Corinne. "Les chapitres nobles en Franche-Comté au XVIIIe siècle." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA1014.
Повний текст джерелаPerrier, Sylvie. "La tutelle des mineurs en France, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles : famille, patrimoine, enfance." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081113.
Повний текст джерелаIn the demographical context of old regime france, mortality is the first cause for the breakings of unions. This thesis explores the juridical and social mechanisms of protection of minor orphans and their inheritance. Research took place in paris and chalonssur-marne, in the champagne region, and 205 accounts of guardianship were used, covering the xviith and xviiith centuries. Family itineraries demonstrated that the surviving parent (moyher or father) is usually chosen to be the guardian of his or her minor children and that kinship involvement is very high. Remarriage of the surviving parent has major consequencies on the lives of the children of the first union. Thus, it appeared that they don't live continually in the home of their guardian. This research has also demonstrated the existence of a juridical culture, at least among the higher classes. The juridical discourse of the guardian changes over the period : at the end of the xviiith century, the wellbeing of the children is in the center of the debate
Dumont, Castagné Véronique. "Fortunes des textiles dans la France méridionale, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20039.
Повний текст джерелаTextile production began with the protestant king Henri IV, helped by Sully and Barhélemy de Laffemas. In the second half of the seventh century, they constituted a so much source of income for the crown, that Louis XIV and Colbert made of it a real business of state. Many manufactories and commercial companies were created by royal decision and legally assisted. In south of France, the most famous and rich traders financed the production of laces, embroideries, and various stuffes. The most important part of Toulouse activity was trade, even if many weaving realized in the town, were enough estimated by the population to have had a strong influence. Archives records reveal customs worked out textiles, like the development of the bundles or the way to be in mourning. They show interiors design and the manner whereby notion of luxury, fashion, and wealth light up in the city
Michon, Bernard. "L'aire portuaire de Nantes aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Nantes, 2005. http://books.openedition.org/pur/121800.
Повний текст джерелаIn the 17th and 18th century, the further expansion of the large transoceanic trades induces a serious evolution in the French ports hierarchy and a clustering phenomenon in favour of a few major trading organisations. In the last century of the Ancien Régime, Nantes, in the same way as Bordeaux, Marseille or Le Havre-Rouen, most certainly belongs to this category of major trading ports of the kingdom. Whilst affirming their international trading status, they exercise a constant supervision over the smaller ports situated in their immediate environment leading to the construction of true shipping and seaport areas. As Nantes is a port situated at the furthest point along the estuary of the Loire, (where the true high sea ships do not sail to) some outer harbours are erected further up the estuary. Paimboeuf, which is the most important, is a true creation from Nantes. Along the close Atlantic coastline, an area can be highlighted where the coastal navigation trade is particularly important. It stretches from the Lorient ports, in the north, to Les Sables-d'Olonne in the south. In addition, studying the vessels, which sail to the ports of Nantes reveals the essential role played by the flotilla of the nearby ports, especially with the proximity flows of supplies and redistribution by coastal navigation. Amongst the surrounding ports, some of them such as, Vannes, Le Croisic, Pornic or Les Sables-d'Olonne actively take part in cod fishing in northern America and/or adapt some of their ships for the American islands. Nantes also acts as an unloading port for most of the warships. Furthermore, Nantes traders and merchants have several methods to play a more or less direct role in these expeditions. Finally, on a human scale, the shipping area divides itself into two aspects: the first one is the interaction between the elite from the nearby ports and the Nantes trading area. The close relations can lead to some of them being promoted up the chain of command. The second one is the consideration of the recruitment area of labour, which boards on the Nantes ships
Groussard, David. "La gestion de l’eau dans les villes bretonnes aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505459/fr/.
Повний текст джерелаThrough this study, we shall go back to the water management in the urban areas of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, precisely at the time when a suspicious perception of the humid environment is developing. The historiographical approach of water has been evolving for almost thirty years and is fostered by contemporary issues. Water has fully become a research subject and the setting of Brittany is not neutral : its environmental, institutional and cultural characteristics play a key role in the elaboration of hydrological works. The situation evolved over the two centuries : on the local level, the major changes lie in the councils' management of the hydraulic equipments and the appointment of administrators to handle the urban affairs. The designing mission shifts also from craftmanship to engineering, and this change in the professional expertise of the designer entails repercussions on both the organization of the building site and the morphology of the equipment. This redefinition of the administrative and technical tasks influences the works' practicality
Garrouste, Marcel. "L'assistance publique en Agenais aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40037.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis concerns the organisation of the social services in agenais from the end of the 16th century until the revolution. The first chapter describes the geographic and administrative framework, the social and economic structure, the sanitary framework and the emergence of ideas and legislation during that period. Part one concern the hospitals : the first sub-title recalls the origins of the hospital establishments in agenais and their historic evolution. The second sub-title studies the hospital administration (management, patrimony, personnel) and the third sub-title their purpose (patients, daily routine and internal regulation). Part two includes the social services outside the hospitals : the first sub-title concerns the mendicity problem (the general hospital of "la manufacture", the tightening - up measures, the declarations of 1700, 1724 and 1764). The second sub-title covers emergency assistance at home (parish and community first aid and government interventions). The third sub-title deals with assisting abandonned children and the responsability of homeless children
Gorau, François. "La vénalité des charges militaires en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040144.
Повний текст джерелаThe purchase of military charges known as the "venality" of military officers' commissions came early into use and was a wide phenomenon in the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries, especially in the royal household. Because of the scarcity of regulative texts, the frequency of illegal acts and the ambiguous attitude of the state towards its deviations, this institution is a complex system with ill-defined limits, which is a characteristic trait of the Ancien regime. The study of notarial records and chroniclers' memorials can help measure the economic and social import of the venality of commissions in officers' circles, be they courtiers or country gentlemen. Although the evolution and the end of this institution were different from those of secular offices, they testify nonetheless to the powerlessness of the monarchy to adapt its reforms to the new ideas of the XVIIIth century
Bersagol, Jean-Luc. "Petites villes et réseaux urbains en Haute-Auvergne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100008.
Повний текст джерелаThe main thread of our research will therefore consist of researching the little tows’s specificities in a central region of France, the Haute-Auverne at the17th and 18th centuries, like it will be done before in other provincial systems like “Dauphiné, Bourgogne or Bretagne”. First, it will come back on definitions and characteristics éléments of town during the modern time. Then, administrative and geographic situation of Haute-Auvergne and differents country towns are define. Life style of these auvergnate’s towns, local organization, financial and urbanistic management are the top of the second part. Demographical and professional studies gives occasion to interessed us at these very little urban societies living near important rural areas. The final study of these second part, is about social and professionnal town’s structures and geography. The administrative, social and economic approach will offer us a last axe, allowing us to see more precisely how those changes affect the life of populations. Trade, marriages, etc… cause mobility from town to town, but also from town to rural areas. Here appear other forms of relations, involving not only social elites, but also the population in all its diversity. As a conclusion we hope this regional study will allow us to give an answer to the questioning of specificity of the small cities in Haute-Auvergne area and her integration in regional or national networks
Luo, Tian. "La Chine théâtrale en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040011.
Повний текст джерелаFrom the end of the seventeenth century to the French Revolution, the “chinoiserie” and the passion for drama were developing in coexistence. Did these two social phenomena, lasting for almost one century, unite each other? Did they really influence the social life of France? We are naturally curious about such questions. It can be a quite good way to follow the relevant trails in the history of French theatre in order to trace out how China was apprehended by the French society. The interest about the others often reflects the inner preoccupation of the observer himself. When the French playwrights criticize or compliment China, they think rather of their own country. Therefore, the interpretation of China in the French theatre is the product not only of the information conveyed by the missionaries, the sailors and the merchants but also of the intense meditation about the French society, about its system and its rules. .
Chevalier, Françoise. "La prédication protestante en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040374.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis attempts an approach of the protestant preaching in France during the 17th century. This study is based on a quantitative and a semantic analysis of tree hundred sermons, printed during this period. First, we define, the sermon in the 17th century and the mission of the minister. He must faithfully preach the word of god. The sermon is, in fact, a scrupulously exegesis, work for word, of the verse of bible. We have analysed four themes, god, christ, the old and the new man. We have analysed, the place of the debates between the protestants and the catholics. We have listed the different verses of bible which are mention in the sermons. So, we can answer at the question, how did they read the bible ?
Wolvesperges, Thibaut. "Le mobilier parisien en laque au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040197.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of Parisian furniture of lacquer was never really dissociated from the general history of Parisian furniture of XVIIIth century or, sometimes, related, in a broader way, without being truly deepened, to the 'chinoiserie'. However, nobody has analyzed, so far, the lacquer and its market in France during the XVIIIth century, on the ground of archives documents, which is crucial for a good understanding of this kind of furniture. The creation and trade of such particular furniture was conditioned by the great difficulty to obtain in Paris high-quality panels. After having studying the lacquer's market, we suggest to start on the different lacquer used in the Parisian cabinetmaking, together with their reproductions carried out according to the 'vernis martin' technique. Then, we will be able to deepen Parisian furniture of lacquer's trade -the most important of all-, hold, not by cabinetmakers, but by 'marchands-merciers' delivering sparingly lacquer panels that the cabinetmakers could not acquire due to their high price. Finally, we will study the cabinetmakers position, then we will deal with amateurs and collectors of lacquer and lacquer furniture and particularly the royal taste for them, on the basis of numerus documents from the 'garde-meuble de la couronne' kept in the National archives
Villate, Dominique. "L'équipement hôtelier parisien au milieu du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040296.
Повний текст джерелаBy the middle of the 18th century, about 940 residential hotels were concurrently set up in Paris. As a hostelry for travelers, they were concentrated in the north where gathered public coaches though the famed inns preferred the west part of Paris visited by rich foreigners. The variety of the prices didn't involve a great difference in the set of the facilities placed at visitors' disposal, except for the quality of materials. Embellishment, comfort, attendance, were progressively uniformed meanwhile many hotels claimed their specificity. Trade narrowly watched by the police, exacting the keeping of registers of customers, hostelry happened to be exposed to undesirable visitors who put them in financial difficulties
Plénet, Michel. "Catholiques et protestants en Vivarais aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : modes de vie, modes de croire." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/plenet_m.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to compare two communities living in Vivarais, the Catholics and the Protestants, through their ways of life and their ways of believing. The frame of the study is Vivarais defined as a civilian diocese of the Ancien Regime. However three sites are particularly taken into account : Annonay, Villeneuve-de-Berg and Privas. The period studied includes the 17th and 18th century, more precisely from 1629, the year of the Peace treaty of Alès, to the edict of 1787. The comparison has enabled us to show that the two denominations have many things in common in both ways of believing and ways of life. Several ways of coexistence have been highlighted through the three sites studied : either with a watertight or an open denominational boundary
Marc, Christophe. "L'armée royale en Roussillon aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0538.
Повний текст джерелаThe royal army is examined at 17th and 18th centuries, in a province annexed to the kingdom of France, the Roussillon, and through the social and legal relations. The army is the base of monarchy like its principal means of action and control on this lately conquered province. The royal army is a society in the society, provided with its own rules, its own traditions and its own jurisdiction. The army is dual, it is gangrened by social conflicts, reflections of the civil society maintain animosities as well for the officers for the army rabble. But the men of war are also equipped with a strong spirit of body and will separate remainder of the society. Monarchy will set up a true administration to control the army. By setting up men such as the Intendants and the Commissars, monarchy aims to reduce the abuses of the soldiers and to make the army an obeying instrument. Even if the soldiers voluntarily form a company putting itself in withdrawal of the remainder of the civil company, the latter all the same will have relations with the inhabitants of Roussillon. Some will be trade, because the army is a force which has need to be equipped, placed and to be fed. For certain residents of the Roussillon, the army is an incomparable financial basket. For those which will be the victims of the various daily exactions of the soldiers (free violence, robbery, rapes, homicides), the army will be a true curse. In the logic of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, the army will be a material element of the annexation of Roussillon in France. The soldiers will be the social cement between the province and its new monarch, allowing and imposing the acceptance of fastening on France
Bessière, Arnaud. "La domesticité dans la colonie laurentienne au XVIIe siècle et au début du XVIIIe siècle (1640-1710)." Thèse, Paris 4, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/650/1/D1612.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDumortier-Laparra, Amélie. "La maison bouche royale : caractères, définition, diffusion d’un modèle (XVIIe – XVIIIe siècles)." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100055.
Повний текст джерелаThe “bouche royale” is a highly structured institution, within which hundreds of “officiers” and “garçons” evolve. The eight “offices” constitutive of the “bouche royale” comprise a number of office-holders, who join the “bouche royale” throughout “survivance”, and most of the times thanks to family cooptation. Because of the juridical status of their office, all the “officiers de bouche” benefit from various perks and honorific privileges as well as from fiscal and royal exemptions. One should also take into account the economic perspective of the “maison bouche”, which is a formal organization, ensuring supply, preparation and service of the food to the monarch, to his family, to his hosts and to part of his commensal officers. Both economic and political aspects of the “bouche” are tightly intermingled. A theoretical and practical analysis of service in 18th century Versailles shows recurrent schemes of meals, which constitute the typical French model. However, service “à la française” and the corresponding model of meals are extremely costly. The astronomic expenses reported on the accounts of “chambre aux deniers” speak for themselves. Besides, the costly personnel of the “bouche” are progressively becoming useless. These factors contribute to both the extinction of the French model and the overall reshaping of the “bouche” department
Le, Franc Erwann. "Bâtir en Bretagne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : l'exemple du Vannetais." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2043.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis, part of a research on the social history of modern architecture, aims to grasp the entire process of the art of building. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the construction sector was an essential cog in the wheel of human activity. In Brittany, in the Vannetais region, it was driven by the commercial and religious dynamism of the period. This research first of all takes as its object of study the world of construction as a cultural system: the life of craftsmen, the trades, their organization and status, training, the transmission of knowledge and know-how, the book culture of architects. The period is delimited to the 1620s, which saw the emergence of the modern architect on the territory, until the 1750s, when the administration of Brittany reorganized the corps of engineers of the Pont et Chaussées. Then, based on largely unpublished documentation, the aim is to analyse how these men carry out their jobs, to see how they fit into the construction process, by studying the mechanism of control, the economy and the life of construction sites. The world of construction is traversed by ideas and influences that underlie the evolution of forms and techniques. From selected examples, based on iconography (plans, drawings, engravings) and preserved architecture, we observe the implementation of the building. How are programs determined, what are the influences and cultural transfers?
Hennebelle, David. "Aristocratie, musique et musiciens à Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30026.
Повний текст джерелаThe relationship which linked the aristocratic circle, music and musicians was the mainstructuring basis of the musical world during the Age of Enlightenment. Through various motives and aptitudes, wealthy aristocrats protected musicians. They would support private orchestras, accept dedications. They would contribute to extend the music market or would assert their musical tastes by frequently practissing music themselves. From praise music to avant-garde music, the aristocratic musical patronage enjoyed their Golden Age and directed the birth of specific forms of musical creations. As for musicians who were in the service of an aristocratic house, they would have various but still rather privileged statuses. As they were able to diversify their activities and their ways of life, and as they were very close to high social groups - which they could identify to, musicians contributed in building a complex image of their profession : they weren't submissive artist but neither were they emancipated artists
Rouet, Marion. "Les potagers aristocratiques et royaux en Ile-de-France : (fin XVIIe - fin XVIIIe siècle)." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131012.
Повний текст джерелаVegetables gardens of royal properties and aristocratic houses are gardens which are thought to be essential in the Ile-de-France region as they filled the owners’ table with fruits and vegetables all the year round. They were the witnesses of a change of mentality which took place within the French society during the Ancien Régime between the end of the seventeenth century and the end of the eighteenth century. A the end of the studied period, this garden, which was a source of well-being combining physical exercise and intellectual thought, became the symbol of the nobility’s decline, in particular through the luxurious and unnatural production of early fruit and vegetables. Gardeners and their labour forces thus played an essential role, bearing in mind the equipments and the tools at their disposal. The expertises developed thanks to scientific research (botany) combined with technical progresses. Hothouses became indispensable at the end of the eighteenth century and enabled to grow exotic plants. The fruit and edible cultivations tried to satisfy the demands of the lords of the places as far as beauty and taste (texture and flavour) were concerned in order to be thus distinguished from peasants’ gardens. The notion of aesthetic can be indeed found in the line of the garden, which does not exclude the walk, but it can also be found in the behaviour of fruit trees, which cover the walls and adorn the gardens. The beauty of the fruit also comes into play in both the garden and the plate. The vegetable garden is thus a full-fledged garden, in close connection with the house, even if it is sometimes controversial. It is subject to fashion and it has quite rightly a place within the general arrangement of parks. This study is based on examples from Versailles, Trianon, Fontainebleau, Compiègne, Meudon, Bellevue, Choisy, Sceaux, Chantilly, La Roche Guyon, L'Isle Adam, Pontchartrain, Chamarande and Méréville
Bueb, Renaud. "Condition servile et droit de mainmorte en Franche-Comté méridionale au XVIIIe siècle." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOD006.
Повний текст джерелаIn the eighteenth century, people and their land were still submitted to the law of the lords, in the East of France, especially in the church domains of the south of Franche-Comté (the abbeys of St-Claude, Gigny, and Baume-les-Messieurs). In 1733, Dunod de Charnage, a lawyer from Franche-Comté, recorded the theory of the servile right in a famous treaty. This study consists in revealing the daily life of bondmen and the practice of the servile right, from notarial and judicial archives. The fraud concerned the refusal to acknowledge the seignorial rights, to pay the taxes of transfer or to give the expired estates back to their lords. The protest, which was isolated at the beginning of the century, became massive after 1750. Bondmen suffered the consequences of the "burghers' management" of the lords, income and offered resistance to the attempts of increasing the amount of the feudal duty (seignorial reaction). From 1770 on, Voltaire supported the communities of bondmen in Saint-Claude and thus the compelled the authority to modify the servile statute (the edict of 1779). The inducements to the setting free of these people were of no wail. Just before the revolution, the debate about the suppression of bondage (with brochures, pamphlets, grievances) underlined the lords' foundness for the right of bondage in Franche-Comté, where was the peasants claims pleaded in favour of alleviation of the seigneurial burden
Gojosso, Éric. "Le concept de république en France : (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32046.
Повний текст джерелаDURING THREE CENTURIES, BETWEEN THE XVITH AND THE XVIIITH CENTURY, THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF REPUBLIC WAS DRAMATIC. FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE XVITH AND XVIITH CENTURIES, THE REPUBLIC IS NOT QUITE AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE MONARCHY. AS A MATTER OF FACT, THE REPUBLIC REPRESENTS EITHER THE UNIVERSALITY OF THE SUBJECTS, INDISSOLUBLY UNITED TO THE KING BY MYSTIC LINKS OR A BLURRED POLITICAL FORM BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF PLURALITY OF GOVERNING PEOPLE ACCORDING TO AN INADAPTED AND SHOKING FORMULA IN A COUNTRY LIKE FRANCE. MONARCHOMACHS FAILED TO GRANT THE COMMUNITY WITH SUPREME PREROGATIVES AND WERE NOT ABLE TO CHANGE THE FORMER POINT OF VIEW. ALL IN ALL, THE THEORIZATION OF MODERN STATE HAS strengthENED THE REGIME. NEVERTHELESS FOR LEADING TO A DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE POWERS OF THE PRINCE AND THE SOVEREIGNITY OF THE STATE, THIS THEORIZATION MADE POSSIBLE MANY FORMS OF GOVERNMENT JUST AT THE VERGE OF THE SPECIALIZATION OF THE WORD REPUBLIC. FOR A LONG TIME A PEACEFUL ABSOLUTISM DELAYED SUCH A THEAD BY DOWNGRADING AN OPPOSITION ACCUSED OF REPRESENTING A REPUBLICANISM. THE UNITY OF THE MONARCHY FACES UP THE PLURALITY OF THE REPUBLIC. SUCH A PLURALITY IS USUALLY REJECTED ALTHOUGH NEW STATE STRUCTURES MADE IT FULLY POSSIBLE. IN THE XVIITH AND ABOVE ALL IN THE XVIIITH CENTURY SURGED THE TEMPTATION OF PUTTING AHEAD AN IDEALIZATION OF THE REPUBLIC IN ORDER TO CHANGE THE OLD REGIME. BUT SIMULTANEOUSLY THE DIFFICULTY OF MATCHING THE REPUBLIC AND GREAT-SIZED STATES IMPEDED THE MOST PROGRESSIVES FROM CALLING FOR A RADICAL CHANGE UNTIL THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION WIPED OUT THIS DIFFICULTY. THE SUCCES OF THE WORKS OF ROUSSEAU AN THE TRIUMPH OF THE CONCEPT OF THE NATIONAL SOVEREIGNITY LEAD TO WISH THE SETTING UP OF THE REPUBLIC IN FRANCE. ALL IN ALL AS A RESULT OF A THEORICAL INVESTMENT -ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT IN THE LAST DECADE OF THE MONARCHY- THE REPUBLIC BECOMES A FACTUAL REALITY
Yoon, Eun-Joo. "Les receveurs généraux des finances au XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0149.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to reveal the political ambition of the receivers general of finance who have established themselves as one of the dominant powers in the eighteenth century. At the control of the financial mechanism, these officials support the ministerial activities and the royal family and finance the wars. These services are based on the excessive use of the rescription and on the development of the system to facilitate the use of this bill. The modification of the financial system and the transformation of financiers into a great pivot of the institution allow to the receivers general an important role as the principal royal servant. Their competence and their talent as the manipulators of the rescriptions and of the other bills make them a very special social group. No one can intervene in theirs financial operations, area of the experts. The receivers general make their own network of power, putting their sons in the magistrate and marrying their daughters to the officers or to the masters of requests. Their friends collaborate with them in the high administration, the finance, the munitions, the commerce and the bank. But, the most competent sons are destine to inherit the office of their fathers. Therefore, several dynasties have formed in eighteenth century. To reinforce their status and their strength, they neighbour in the business quarter according to their vocation. With the evolution of their professional role, the status of the receivers general is not any more controversial. Well established at the top of the pyramid of the elites of power, they become the holders of best symbols of the society : the power, the money, and the prestige
Martinez, Fagundez Cesar. "Le contentieux des Officialités en France au XVIIIe siècle." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU2003.
Повний текст джерелаIn my thesis i’ve been studying about Ecclesiastical courts in Spain and in France during the XVIIIth century : their organization, their procedures and mainly their their jurisdiction which is dealt with in both spheres ratione materiae and ratione personae. Studying the latter includes the privilegium fory of the clergy in the XVIIIth century. An important aspect of my task consist mainly of the study of benefices. This is why you can find in the yearly income of the bishop and the canons of Quimper and also the 282 vicars of the diocese of Cornouaille. In order to be able to know the purchasing power of this income, i calculated the cost of life in Quimper and in Cornouaille in the XVIIIth century. A long chapter is devoted to the conflicts of jurisdiction between the bishops of Quimper and the seculars judges of the same town, and the difference of opinion between the bishops of Saint-Pol-de-Leon and their canons. In the conclusion, I bring evidence on the reasons why Ecclesiastical Courts fell into decline in France in the XVIIIth century and why they are still extant flourishing in Spain
Vergnaud, Jean-Louis. "Le sentiment de l'honneur en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040093.
Повний текст джерелаThe French sense of honor in the 18th century is a means of evaluation of oneself as well as of the others' value, virtue, prestige or rank. It actually constitutes the moral code of nobility and of gentlemen-soldiers, ruled by legislation and jurisprudence. However on revolution outbreak, it declines for two reasons: first, because of the new ideals of freedom and equality bring up by the revolution; second because after monarchy's overthrow, it no longer constitute the cement between nobility and royal authority
Aragonès, Riu Núria. "Iconographie des Petits Théâtres en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030028.
Повний текст джерелаDiffering from the history of painting which is based on the physical existence of the studied object, theatre art history – where the object of study is by definition an ephemeral piece of art – is elaborated by the assembly of documental sources (images and texts) that the theatre historian uses to analyse the missing object. Theatre iconography has to be studied through an interdisciplinary approach in which the methodology of theatre historians is combined with that of painting historians. Our departing hypothesis is that the analysis of form and style of the image can provide many plausible interpretations for theatre history. In addition, the consideration of the social and cultural context of the epoch (issues on the production, function and destination of the image) will allow the reinterpretation of known images as well as an interpretation for previously unknown images. The analysed sample is made of images having as subject “petits spectacles” in eighteenth-century France (mainly in Paris), that is to say fair theatres, theatres of the boulevard du Temple, Palais-Royal spectacles and other kind of street theatre (puppets, charlatans, singers, etc. ) that composed the non-official theatre life of the eighteenth-century. Through the iconographic analysis we will find a dynamic and transformable image, with multiple forms and functions, that covers current theatre events by using in some occasions traditional pictorial records. The interdisciplinary approach of theatre iconography opens new multiple fields of study that will advance our knowledge on the theatre of the past
Ferland, Catherine. "Bacchus en Canada : boissons, buveurs et ivresses en Nouvelle-France, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17841.
Повний текст джерелаBousiges, Richard. "Une famille cévenole au XVIIIe siècle : les Bousiges." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5005.
Повний текст джерелаThe presented study consists of the analysis of a peasant family from the Saint-Ambroix area of the Cévennes region. The author sets out in search of his family in the 18th century and examines community, departmental, national and sometimes private archives to learn what their life might have been like, as much as in its economic and social aspects as in domestic ones. "Unnamed of History", but sometimes "knocked about" by it, the life of the Bousiges family is similar to that of many Cévennes country folk, having left few traces of its passing on earth in spite of important events which occurred in this region : religious war, revolution, the revolt of the masks, climatic catastrophes. . . In these exceptionnal circumstances, as in the apparent listlessness of everyday life, one sees individual violence, collective revolts, and the exploitation of credulity but also solidarity, friendship, passion. . . The religion as well as socio-economic evolution of this family in the micro-society in which its members live is thus analyzed throughout the 18th century, while a demographic explosion linked to mine exploitation will shatter the countryside and these peasants way of life
Marion, Michel. "Collections et collectionneurs de livres au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040157.
Повний текст джерелаIn the Bibliotheque Nationale, in Paris, auction books catalogues are kept and also preserved: they are the basement of the present thesis. Book collectors, in their social condition, marriages, parents and locations, especially in the head town, are presented. Estates and royalties are evaluated too. Collections themselves are also presented, so in their global part than in their secular variations. Foreign editorial production, knowledge of European and nexs, which collectors used to study production are the aim of an analysis, so too the public auctions: books are very expensive. So we may say that collecting books is an advantage that only few could have
Krumenacker, Yves. "Les protestants du Poitou au XVIIIe siècle (1681-1789)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010612.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing a brief introduction to the geography of the area and to the reofrmation during the 16th and 17th centuries, this piece of work presents : detailed study of the years 1681-1685 ; the policy of persecution from 1686 to 1789, and the coming of religious tolerance. Catholic attemps to convert protestants are also presented. A demographic study shaws that the majority of the population remained protestant. Regular worship was successfully established by 1730, whereas churches were re-established from around 1739. Doctrine was propogated via schools, religious instruction, books, prayers, and sermons. God was presented as severe, demanding conversion, but forgiving his choses ones. An evolution towards a more sanctimonious religion, possibly influenced by pietism. Protestant identity is noticable by analysis of population trends (non observance of catholic practices e. G. Marriage and child-conception); in anti-catholic stories of persecutions: provocative attitudes (desecrations) : the (partial) use of old testatment Christian names; and the greater literacy of protestants. On the whole, the co-existence of the two communities remained peaceful - a common culture united the Poitevins the application of the edict of tolerance in 1788 especially satisfied the richer sections of the population (bourgeois, ploughmen)
Prudhomme, Marie-Claire. "Entre Saint-Saens et Cailly : territoires, relations et pouvoirs dans les campagnes normandes : XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL531.
Повний текст джерелаThis study on rural micro-history concerns a small territory in Haute-Normandie (from Saint-Saëns to Cailly), without morphological unity. It is in fact divided into two different parts belonging to two great rural countries in Haute-Normandie : the Pays de Caux and the Pays de Bray. The organization of the community will be studied, showing the coherence and divisions in the XVII-XVIIIth centuries. Our reflexion will focus on the type of economic development not only based on agricultural resources but on various complementary activities created by these small communities. They are integrated into a complex system of relationship including several levels. Finally, the outlines of the social structure will be highlighted
Tassin, Raphaël. "Giovan Betto (1642-1722) et les architectes italiens en Lorraine (fin XVIIe– début XVIIIe siècle)." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4039.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the second half of the 17th century and the first third of the 18th, lots of emigrants went to Lorraine from Italy, and from the duchy of Milan in particular. Among them, there were primarily craftsmen and architects. The most important and the most famous of these was Giovan Betto (1642-1722), whose unexpected and outstanding career eventually earned him the title of “Duke’s Architect” in 1703. First of all, this dissertation’s aim is to recount the history of the artistic relationships between the duchy of Lorraine and the Italian peninsula, which had begun in the 15th century, but whose heights were reached under the reign of duke Charles III (1545-1608). Then, an attempt is made to characterize and define this diaspora as well as its influence in Lorraine between the end of the Thirty Years’ War and Stanislas’ accession to the throne. This research is mainly focused on Betto’s personality: his biography is considerably updated in view of recent discoveries, and his entire work is thoroughly analysed. The results of this new investigation prove Betto’s significance not only as a paramount actor in the transfer and adaptation of Italian architectural patterns in Lorraine, but also as an artist able to combine church- and convent-building models promoted by religious orders with his own tastes. Finally, and in spite of their common origin and culture, the comparison with other Milanese architects shows how unparalleled Betto was, and how his works had a long-lasting influence on architecture
Brossault, Henri. "Arts et métiers en Franche-Comté aux XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles : le cuir." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010717.
Повний текст джерелаSublime, Jérôme. "Les commissaires des classes de la marine en France (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010684.
Повний текст джерелаThis study analyses a widely unknown 18th century socio-professional category: the commissaires des classes. The French government's system of naval conscription created by Colbert in 1668 divided the realm into several districts, each one directed by an officier des classes. Although they are a reliable source on the French seamen, no one ever wondered who they were, what their social background was and how they managed to fulfill the government's requests concerning naval conscription. The Secretaries of State for the Navy tried to turn them from simple clerks to officers of administration. Thus emerged many unofficial functions, such as: social appeasement, financial help for seamen and closer relations with the littoral authorities (municipalities, merchants, ship-owners) than ever suspected. Their image proved to be ambivalent: they were loathed because they embodied the Royal Law but also praised for their social work. Difficulties in wartime forced them to rise to the occasion. The study of their work through their letters and reports to the Ministry, their administrative production (registration rolls) and the up to now widely unused personal files kept in the National Archives also revealed that they built dynasties of administrators intimately linked with clientelist networks within the maritime districts and at the Court. Acting as a lobby group, these families were keen on keeping their privileges and on preserving their interests in spite of the numerous reforms held by the Ministers throughout the 18th century. A biographical dictionary of 440 officers of classes completes this study, revealing the sociological reality of this administrative key group
Vigouroux, Bernard. "Chinon au XVIIIe siècle, étude sociale." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR2030.
Повний текст джерелаIn the 18th century, Chinon is a town that has been sound asleep since the beginning of the Middle Ages. It's first of all an administrative and judiciary town whose laws are inherited from the Ancien Régime. The poor textile production is in jeopardy. The main trade activity is in the sale of local agricultural products : although the production is diversified, it is not exported enough. Overcounty trade is not the driving activity of the town. The leading class is made of privileged orders, middle officers, noblemen, commoners, lawyers, doctors, a few bourgeois and one or two tradesman. They represent 5% of the inhabitants. The middle class is made of people who are economically independent and have a professional activity ; they represent 25 % of the inhabitants and are the most numerous tax payers. The other two-thirds of the inhabitants are the people : daily labourers, unskilled workers, wage-earners and servants. Most artisans, who belong to this class, are organised in communities. All family members need to have more than one activity. During hard years, old age and widow(er)hood may lead to pauperism. The lack of upward mobility is the main feature of this society ; this makes the emerging of a new leading class which could revive the town impossible
Hibou-Dugat, Juliette. "Le goût pour le XVIIIe siècle dans l'ébénisterie française au XIXe siècle (1839-1900)." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040076.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the 19th century, decorative arts and particularly furniture were marked by a disconcerting polyphony of neo-styles. Around 1830, one can note a revival for 18th century styles, neo-styles which were probably the most durable, broadcast, symbolic and influent. These pastiches and copies of furniture bore marked aesthetic, historical, cultural, social and political values. Paradoxically, these styles born under the monarchy, became favoured by the new bourgeoisie and, under the Third Republic, symbolised the French national style. Throughout the century, the appearance and the evolution of this interest for the previous century is apparent in the study of both the knowledge and the image one had of the History and the Arts of the Age of Enlightenment, in the examination of the first collections of 18th century furniture, and in the analysis of the pieces presented at the national and universal exhibitions. This new aesthetic dominated in the eclectic interiors during the second half of the century. The ébénistes showed an unheard ingenuity and erudition in responding to this increasing demand in France, in Europe and in the United States. The quality of their work attests of their ability to adapt to new technical, stylistic and economical circumstances, while respecting the tradition of their craft. This taste and this production engendered critics and debates on the notion of style, on creativity and the importance of the tradition and modernity, forwarding the paradoxical role of these neo-styles in the beginnings of modernity
Soullard, Éric. "Les eaux de Versailles (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENH032.
Повний текст джерелаThe waterworks of Versailles is the largest project in the history of Ancien Régime. The numbers are really impressive, because to satisfy his passion for fountains, Louis XIV dug a dozen artificial lakes with a total capacity of 8 million cubic meters, build miles of aqueducts on arches in imitation of Antiquity, lay 20 km of iron pipes and 10 km of lead pipe. Not to mention the machine of Marly, the largest ever built mechanical hydraulic, which leads to Versailles waters of the Seine, located 160 m below the palace. Beyond Versailles palace there are other royal satellites which also have their water effects: the Menagerie, the Trianon, the Hameau of the Queen Marie-Antoinette, and Marly with his Grand Jet, the highest in France, peaking at 40 m.In addition to these great facilities are used to feed the fountains, Louis XIV is also implementing a network of “eaux bonnes à boire”, with a total of 7.4 miles of underground aqueducts to supply the palace, the Grand Common, horses in stables, not to mention the inhabitants of the town of Versailles, with spring water, the healthiest of all. The Sun King is therefore intended benefactor through civic and public fountains which equip the new royal capital. To build, manage, maintain and operate these facilities, the King's Buildings equip themselves with a large staff where the survival of the post from father to son and occupational endogamy is the rule. Staff which, given its technical expertise, remains in place during the Révolution and even until the Second Empire
Lyon-Caen, Nicolas. ""Marchands de miracles" : la bourgeoisie janséniste parisienne au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010528.
Повний текст джерелаAbad, Reynald. "L'approvisionnement alimentaire de Paris aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040217.
Повний текст джерелаGuilleminot, Solange. "La Conflictualité dans le Présidial de Caen au XVIIIe siècle." Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN1266.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is the continuation of lawsuits and criminal trials in caen and surrounding during the xvii th century in the xviii th century. The family is under the authority of church and state, the wealth are managed by the customary law in normandy but excluding is making progress and many people are kept in confinement. In those days,it is the reduction of agressions, wrongs, thefts, burglaries the number is also reduced when new means of heavy debursements are on the increase. But the misdemeanours in the forests in the countries fines in the towns the proceedings for the impositions taxations remain for generations. At last kingship is sick and tired of the judges' wrestling and religious contests
Millet, Audrey. "Les dessinateurs de fabrique en France (XVIIIe-XIXe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080017.
Повний текст джерелаThe first industrialization rested on what recent historiography calls “the revolution of the consumers”: a consumption and an increased circulation of all the objects of the daily life which are fabrics, laces, tapestries, earthenware, wallpapers, crockery… The desire to buy and have other goods than those which allow simple survival led thus to an assertion of the phenomena of fashion, implying for the producers the need for taking into account the changing taste of the consumers and the diversification of their consumption. The race to novation to allure the customers becomes a major stake for the manufacturers. The draughtsman occupies an essential place in this competition, since the first phase of the production process, before that of manufacturing and of marketing, is that of creation, the design of the product. This study thus aims at questioning the statute of this very qualified worker, holder of a know-how ; still little formalized in the second half of the 18th century, this know-how tends to show a slow institutionalization, of which we will examine the rhythms until the emergence and the coding of the profession. Work and its author being indissociable entities, we will question the statute of the draughtsman-author within the production process which is collective and industrial, nonsingular and artistic. Seldom studied, the place of the women in the manufacturing world must also be analyzed. Moreover, it is advisable to live behind us ordinary social taxonomies and in particular the fixed binary oppositions: art/industry, artist/craftsman, liberal art/mechanical art, but also drawing of linear figure/drawing
Louyot, Gérard. "Des savoirs d'artisans au métier d'ingénieur dans la construction navale française du XVIIe au XVIIIe siècle." Paris, CNAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0681.
Повний текст джерелаCette étude tente d'appréhender l'évolution des métiers de la construction qui firent de la Marine royale au milieu du XVIIe siècle, la première technquement du monde occidental. Dés 1861, le roi Louis XV tente de maîtriser les zones de combat de la manche et de la Méditerranée par le nombre de ses vaisseaux, ce qu'il a presque réussi. A cette époque, les charpentiers assemblent les éléments composant le navire, à l'aide de conceptions instrumentales. Rapidement la nécessité d'utiliser des plans s'impose. La troisième étape se traduit par l'emploi de calculs qui assurent la stabilité et la sécurité du vaisseau. Pour conforter le savoir des constructeurs leurs ministres font appel aux enquêtes sur les méthodes pratiquées par les chantiers hollandais et anglais de 1661 à 1745. Les marines, par leur participation aux progrès techniques, sont en contact avec les milieux scientifiques et civiles origines d'échanges fructueux conduisant aux importants acquis technoologiques partagés entre les carènes françaises allongées et les aides anglaise à la manoeuvre. Enfin pendant la durée de cette recherche, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Abraham Duquesne, les Hubac et leurs confrères, de 1661 à 1678, le marquis de Seingnelay, le chevalier de Tourville, Blaise Pangalo de 1679 à 1699 et le comte de Maurepas, René Duguay-Trouin et Blaise Ollivier, de 1700 à 1745 forment des trinômes qui agissent par tentatives d'homogénéisations des escadres. Ils réussissent, ainsi, à faire adopter des modèles de vaisseaux, réalisés par less constructeurs, jusqu'à l'extinction de la marine de guerre à voile. Alors, lorque sec termine cette thèse, le projet de Colbert et de ses successeurs de donner à leur roi le pouvoir sur mer semble encore possible
Gaillard, Béatrice. "Les Franque : une dynastie d’architectes avignonnais au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040276.
Повний текст джерелаIssued from a long lineage of entrepreneurs, the architect Jean-Baptiste Franque (1683-1758) and his two sons, François II (1710-1793) and Jean-Pierre (1718-1810) were particularly active for all XVIIIth century in Avignon, and Comtat Venaissin, but also in Provence, in Languedoc and in Vivarais. After sojourn at the Academy of France in Rome, François II Franque had to know a brilliant one career in Paris and in province where he was employed on numerous occasions by the Benedictines mauristes.This monographic study is interested in the formation, in the culture and in the career of these architects. The abundance of sources allowed to study the implementation and the functioning of the offices of Avignon and Paris which collaborated on numerous occasions. The list of their works, which counts approximately three hundred and eighty entries, proves to which point their production was important. The analysis of their work attempted to study their style which becomes integrated perfectly into the architectural production of their period and to advance the recognized talent of these architects in the art of the distribution and the stéréotomie. This work is accompanied with a documentary volume presenting the transcription of the several sources, and mainly a large correspondence between these architects and their clients
Bastien, Pascal. "Le spectacle pénal à Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28589.
Повний текст джерелаGenot, Viviane. "Justices seigneuriales de Haute-Auvergne au XVIIIe siècle, 1695-1791." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10028.
Повний текст джерелаThe seigniorial justices of Haute-Auvergne in the eighteenth century reflect society, symbolize the transitory juridical application between the custom law and the written law and give shape to a judicial dynamism of proximity. Society is perceived through the quantitative importance of litigants and witnesses; according to their professions, ages, sexes, illiteracy. In a substantial number, to the imprecise scopes, the seigniorial institutions adapt their organization to their territory. Their staff, sometimes polyvalent, remains upright. The offices are not venal. The lordship poverty is often harmful to the maintenance of the places of justice and to the prosecution of crimes and offences. In the field of the police force, the seigniorial jurisdictions exert missions of public utility and private. The penal matter is very rich in proceedings. The penal infringements go against the people or/and against the possessions. The first consist of verbal insults or/and of the real insults, which means physical. The seconds are divided into thefts and degradations; two types sometimes worsened by the night circumstance. However, the majority of the seigniorial lawsuits is civil. This subject reveals : legal life, procedural documents, means of possibility of homeownership and tariffications of property according to the places. Repression imposes : mortgages, seizures, adjudications. Relations between the seigniorial institutions, independent, and the royal ones, their superiors, are correct. Seigniorial justices of Haute-Auvergne, respectful of the ways of life of their justiciables to which they return their honor, remain solid and alert until the revolution
Trinque, France. "La fortune de Nicolas Poussin en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040139.
Повний текст джерелаThe French national painter, Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665) has always been a paragon in painting. Artists from as diverse schools and styles from Nicolas Loir and Sébastien Bourdon to Delacroix, Cézanne or Picasso studied with interest the work of this master from Normandy. Studying his fortune in the XVIIIth century show the extent by which he remained alive in the French mind even when his artistic style was most solemn and austere. His critical fortune, both visual and commercial, indicates the role model that Poussin indeed was at the beginning of the XVIIIth century. Around 1750 the favour bestowed on him as the “sublime” representative of painting made his imitators open to severe criticism. His exceptional fame caused his works to be “stripped” from France by foreign collectors. Combining fashion, the market and a taste for classical art and for “exemplum vertutis” subjects, a Poussin cult emerged in the 1780s causing painters and poets alike to emulate the master
Turcot, Laurent. "Le promeneur à Paris au XVIIIe siècle : construction d'une figure sociale." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0083.
Повний текст джерелаAt the begining of the 17th century, Parisian high society engaged in "honnete" promenade. A preserve of the elite, this promenade in all its civility, was a fashionable social ritual. It allowed a stroller to "see", and, most importantly, "to be seen". Yet, at the end of the century, various disruptions set in motion the construction of a new form of promenade. Casting aside the rules of modern civility, this new promenade granted a newly individualized and subjective relationship between the stroller and the city. This transformation of the strollers' appreciation for and perception of the city was made possible by the establishment of a new social role : the urban stroller. The act of promenading allows the stroller to take in the city all the while granting a sense of autonomy. There is an individualization of both the practice of promenading and of the urban space. There is an intersection, complementarity and mutual influence between the theory and practice of the promenade. This allows us to understand the genesis of the urban behavior of the stroller