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Дисертації з теми "Français (langue) – Avant 1300 (ancien français) – Gérondif"
Vangaever, Jasper. "Categories under pressure : the gerund and the present participle from Late Latin to Old French." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL157.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation empirically investigates the evolution of the gerund and the present participle in Late Latin, and examines on the basis of this investigation the impact of their morphological merging in Old French on their categorial distinction. The results of this thesis confirm the standard hypothesis of the evolution of the gerund and the present participle in Late Latin, but only partly: they support a specialisation of the gerund in adverbial external syntax, but not of the present participle in adjectival external syntax. Thus, the gerund shows signs of ‘converbalisation’, while the present participle does not undergo a process of ‘participialisation’. Like the gerund, the present participle in Late Latin has mostly adverbial external syntax, and is as such more converb-like than participle-like (cf. Haspelmath 1995: 4). This functional similarity between the gerund and the present participle in Late Latin makes that their morphological merging in Old French raises a major problem for their categorial distinction. A considerable proportion of all Old French ant forms (38%) is categorially indeterminate, that is, not categorisable as either gerunds or present participles – even under the assumption that the gerund and the present participle do not encroach on each other’s distribution, neither in the transition from Late Latin to Old French, nor during the Old French period. This finding leads to the conclusion that the morphological merging of the gerund and the present participle in Old French causes these two types of non-finite verb forms to merge also on a categorial level. The label proposed for this categorial blend is the purely formal one ‘-ant form’
Rouquier, Magali. "Le ce que - phrases en ancien français." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070008.
Повний текст джерелаDelbey, Annie. "Contribution à une description de la cause en ancien français." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040083.
Повний текст джерелаGrammatical marks of cause let appear in old French standing syntactic and semantic features combined with historical and stylistic variability. Great oppositions remain permanently in XIIIth and XIIIth centuries: specialization of de in the field of feelings and wider extent of por; predominance of por ce que, almost exclusively used to justify "which is stated", in narration, of car, que, puis que, quant, capable of justifying stating as well as statement, in speech; constant argumentative value of puis que which, making use of "polyphony of enonciation", inscribes in language itself the will to convince whereas por ce que, except contextual effects, brings a new and objective information. Now these oppositions of meaning and use between conjunctions correspond to different syntactical statutes: only por ce que is an "operator" which tightly links propositions; the other words are rather markers of speech acts. Cause, revealing of a conflictual relationship between interlocutors, seems a good observation post for pragmatics. However one could not exactly study cause in old French but in medieval literature. The law percentage of por ce que shows up the prevalence of proof over motive: in an oral literature which bears truth, speech justifies speech not acts. Nevertheless, syntactical permanencies must not conceal the variations in frequency connected with literary purposes as much as with diachrony. Prose in XIIIth century marks a turning point: conjunctions show the decrease of speech and ensure the cohesion that provided verse; in historical prose, with the increasement of the "operator" it is no more truth which is told but real which is described
Manen, Pierre. "Variations graphiques en français médiéval (du 13e siècle au 15e siècle) : étude du Roman de Troie et de ses réécritures et comparaisons avec l'écrit documentaire contemporain." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030059.
Повний текст джерелаThe increase of linguistic studies about writing and writing systems since the 6O's, after the impulse given by Hjelmslev's or Pulgram's works has made it possible to think differently about the history of writing-systems and, especially about the history of the French writing system. This very project was meant to analyse medieval French spellings with those new theoretical tools and especially to point at the spelling variation which seems so caracteristic of this writing-system : to describe how this system works, it is actually necessary to understand how spelling variation works. It is obviously linked to the diversity of the French language which is not a unified language all through Middle Ages : there are different dialects which influence, sometimes deeply, the spelling and the writing-system. Nevertheless, some spelling variations cannot be interpreted as consequences of dialectal differences ; they rather identify with a natural tendancy of medieval French to vary and this was already pointed at by medieval grammarians who considered variation as a caracterestic feature of vernaculars. Most of those speeling variations are not linked to pronunciation differences but do not challenge the phonographic medieval French system : it still works mainly as a phonographic system but sub-systems developp, more autonomous from the pronunciation but sometimes closer to the different language systems (especially to the morphemes). Medieval writing, is a " craft " made by well-read techicians and meant for well-read technicians ; it thus tend to developp its own way, apart from its relation to the pronunciation, contrary to its evolution in a society of general literacy
Ih, Tchahng-soun. "La place des adjectifs épithètes dans les premiers textes français jusqu'à la Chanson de Roland." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040111.
Повний текст джерелаThe predilection for the front of noun of the attributive adjective is one of the characteristic features of the noun syntax in the old French. So it is the predilection for the front of noun of the attributive adjective in the old French, that they wanted to explain with the Germanic influence or the Latin language. But according to our study, one clear characteristic feature was found. It is that "some" of the attributive adjectives could be contributed to the proportion of relatively strong percentage to the front of noun in the oldest French texts
Bankov, Dimitri Lubomirov. "La substitution non pronominale comme moyen de cohésion et d'organisation textuelles dans quelques textes en anciens français." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070007.
Повний текст джерелаThe analysis of anaphoras in some old french texts shows a tendency towords the more frequent usage of the nominal "true" anaphora than in moderne french. Old french appears not to elaborate the nominal "untrue" anaphora. The boundaries between the spheres of usage of the zero-anaphoras, pronomional and demonstrative anaphoras are rather blurred. In these three types of repetetive usage anaphorism and deixis fuse together
Diedhiou, Fidèle. "L’emploi des temps du récit dans quelques textes d'ancien français (IXe ; XIe - XIIIe siècles)." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100139.
Повний текст джерелаThe question of the confusion of times in the texts of ancient French worried for a long time the medievalist, conscent of the role excellently importing that the present all around plays which exists a past and a future. So agrees it to draw the attention to the relational function of the times which notably translate the succession rather than the time as tel. The times, and particularly the present and the simple past, strengthen the succession of the events and the feelings, their chronological relation or their resemblance. Far from belonging to a shape of typical linguistic expression, as one often let it believe, this confusion of times is much rather a practice appropriate for this time. Every considered time, in the story, fills completely its linguistic function, in period when the orality is still important. That is why it is advisable to put well in evidence juxtaposition impossible of the modem system and the ancient system
Oppermann, Evelyne. "Les emplois injonctifs du futur en français des origines au début du seizième siècle." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030057.
Повний текст джерелаKawaguchi, Yuji. "Recherches linguistiques sur le champenois méridional au moyen âge : aspects phonétiques et graphiques." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIML010.
Повний текст джерелаThe corpus of the present thesis is Chartes en langues françaises antérieures à conservées dans les départements de l'Aube, de la Seine-et-Marne et de l'Yonne (1988). The appearance of the first acts in vulgar language was closely related to the development of communes in Belgium and Picardy. Their forms and their styles are from the molds of Latin acts. I tried to give a minute analysis of Old French acts of the 13th century coming from the southern part of Champagne region. As a result, we are surprised to find a remarkable persistence of dialect characteristics through many centuries. At the 13th century, the eastern region of Champagne was more conservative than the Brie, western region near Paris, while Troyes region was hesitating between these two poles. We made also a close examination of written forms of acts, point by point, by recontextualizing them in the history of each town, each medieval abbey or each historic person. Old Champagne acts of the thirteenth century are particularly important for a better understanding of the development of Old French after the fourteenth century and the history of the formation of Standard French
Fagard, Benjamin. "Evolution sémantique des prépositions dans les langues romanes : illustrations ou contre-exemples de la primauté du spatial?" Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070008.
Повний текст джерелаTHE GOAL OF THIS STUDY IS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THERE ARE RULES FOR THE SEMANTIC EVOLUTION OF ROMANCE PREPOSITIONS. WE HAVE FIRST LISTED ALL PREPOSITIONS OF THE ROMANCE LANGUAGES, OLD AND NEW, AND ANALYZED THEIR SEMANTIC EVOLUTION; WE HAVE THUS BEEN ABLE TO SHOW THE EXISTENCE OF SEMANTIC CHAINS WHICH PARTIALLY CONFIRM THE LOCALIST THEORY, SINCE IT SEEMS THAT SPATIAL MORPHEMES DEVELOP NEW MEANINGS MORE EASILY THAN OTHERS. WE THEN ANALYZED IN DETAIL THE SEMANTIC EVOLUTION OF A FEVl PREPOSITIONS ON THE BASIS OF A VAST CORPUS - MAINLY IN OLD AND MIDDLE FRENCH -, WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SEMANTIC PROTOTYPE THEORY. THIS ENABLED US TO OBSERVE THE STAGES AND MODALITIES OF THEIR EVOLUTION. THE ANALYSIS OF OUR RESULTS SHOWS THAT THE RULE [SPACE > TIME > ABSTRACTION] MAY BE PRESERVED, IF ONE KEEPS IN MIND THE FACT THAT IT IS BUT OWE OF THE RULES APPLYING TO SEMANTIC EVOLUTION, AND THAT IT INTERACTS WITH MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRAGMATIC FACTORS