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Статті в журналах з теми "Fragilità fisica"
1
Sclauzero, P., G. Galli, M. Carraro, G. Barbati, and G. O. Panzetta. "Un nuovo fenotipo di pazienti in dialisi è diventato attuale. Ruolo dei componenti della fragilità sulla qualità di vita in questa popolazione: studio trasversale." Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 24, no. 3 (January 26, 2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.2012.1156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I pazienti in dialisi presentano spesso diverse componenti della fragilità: comorbidità, disabilità, dipendenza, malnutrizione, deficit cognitivo, inadeguate condizioni sociali, che incidono sulla qualità di vita (QoL). Scopo del lavoro è stato indagare questa relazione essendo la letteratura ancora non conclusiva. Ai 203 pazienti (età media 72.03+11.9 aa; età dialitica 42.6+55.6 mm; 126 m) in dialisi a Trieste l'1 agosto 2010 sono stati misurati: QoL (SF-36), disabilità (scale ADL e IADL), dipendenza (Karnofsky Index), stato nutrizionale (scala SGA) ed analizzato lo stato sociale. Il cluster componente fisica SF-36 (39.3+10.4) è risultato più compromesso di quello mentale: 48.5+8.6 (scala 0–100). I pazienti hanno presentato disabilità fisiche (ADL: 32.5%), strumentali (IADL: 38.4%), malnutrizione (34%), dipendenza (42.9%) e mediamente 3.04 comorbidità (range: 0–8). Il 31.5% vive senza supporto familiare, il 44.5% presenta ridotte relazioni sociali. La regressione lineare multipla ha dimostrato l'effetto negativo di: dipendenza (p<0.001), malnutrizione (p=0.001) e disabilità (p=0.005), escludendo comorbidità significative all'analisi univariata (dati aggiustati per genere, età, età dialitica). La vita in famiglia (p=0.002), il benessere economico (p=0.01) e soprattutto estese relazioni sociali (p<0.001) hanno avuto un ruolo positivo (test ANOVA). Pertanto una QoL soddisfacente è favorita dallo screening precoce, dalla riabilitazione funzionale-nutrizionale e dalla prevenzione dell'isolamento sociale attraverso una rete socio-sanitaria coordinata. (sian) (nursing)
2
Cerbara, Loredana, and Maria Girolama Caruso. "Fragilità e rischio di povertà educativa negli adolescenti in Italia. I dati delle indagini del CNR-IRPPS." WELFARE E ERGONOMIA, no. 1 (June 2020): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/we2020-001011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Se attraverso i dati ufficiali (ISTAT, MIUR e altre Istituzioni) si può analizzare dal punto di vista statistico il fenomeno della povertà educativa, costruendo graduatorie territoriali, na-zionali e internazionali, sono le indagini direttamente rivolte ai ragazzi, o anche agli educa-tori, a dare completezza al quadro complessivo del rischio di marginalizzazione a cui sono esposti i minori. Dal 2014 il CNR-IRPPS ha svolto una serie di indagini rivolte ai giovani delle scuole secondarie, sia inferiori che superiori, per approfondire la conoscenza sulla condizione giovanile. Si tratta di esperienze pratiche derivanti dalle attività di ricerca di due progetti del CNR-IRPPS, uno dedicato alla pratica dello sport come veicolo di integrazione sociale (IRPPS WPs n. 106 e 108), che è stato realizzato attraverso quattro survey distinte, e l'altro più specificamente dedicato allo studio della condizione giovanile (IRPPS WPs n. 107; Tintori e Cerbara, 2016) sia in contesti territoriali limitati che a livello nazionale. In entram-bi i progetti un team di ricercatori si è recato nelle scuole per effettuare, durante l'indagine, l'osservazione diretta del comportamento degli studenti ammessi nel campione, rivelando una serie di elementi importanti, in primo luogo per la scuola che è chiamata ad intervenire anche sulla povertà educativa, ma anche a livello di ricerca sociale più allargata. Partendo dal presupposto che la povertà educativa solo in parte coincide con la povertà eco-nomica, i dati raccolti dimostrano che, anche quando le condizioni economiche sono accetta-bili, può verificarsi la presenza di fattori di rischio di esclusione sociale che spesso si so-vrappongono, fino a determinare una vera e propria barriera che impedisce ai ragazzi di vedersi nello stesso modo dei propri pari. Vivere in una famiglia con background migratorio oppure con uno status culturale non elevato, ma anche essere donna, costituiscono elementi sufficienti perché i giovani rimangano vittime di condizionamenti sociali che impediscono lo-ro di scegliere il proprio futuro. E anche i comportamenti devianti (uso di sostanze pericolo-se, atti di violenza verbale o fisica, ecc.) possono essere determinati da situazioni di disagio correlabili con una povertà culturale che è più difficile da determinare ma che è altrettanto importante delle altre declinazioni di povertà. Alla voce degli studenti si aggiunge poi quella dei docenti che, attraverso le due indagini con-dotte dal CNR-IRPPS, hanno potuto esprimere il proprio parere sulla situazione dei giovani da un punto di osservazione particolare ed hanno dato alcune indicazioni su come la scuola potrebbe intervenire per limitare le situazioni di difficoltà nell'integrazione tra i giovani.
3
Silva, Thiago Christiano, Solange Maria Guerra, and Benjamin Miranda Tabak. "Fiscal risk and financial fragility." Emerging Markets Review 45 (December 2020): 100711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2020.100711.
Повний текст джерела
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Can, Cansin Kemal, and Ismail Canöz. "Testing Minsky’s Financial Fragility Hypothesis for Turkey’s Public Finances." Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly 65, no. 4 (2020): 497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.35551/pfq_2020_4_4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper gauges the degree of fiscal vulnerability in Turkey from a Minskian perspective. Succinctly speaking, Minsky’s financial stability hypothesis states that the government should apply hedge financing at least sporadically and pursue countercyclical fiscal policies to restore stability. We calculated two fiscal fragility indices based on Minsky’s hypothesis to examine the recent trends in Turkish public finances. According to our findings, Turkish fiscal balances are in a deteriorating trend and heading towards (ultra)Ponzi financing which is evidenced by the plummeting values of the fiscal fragility index. The results are suggestive that currently the fiscal performance in Turkey is waning gradually and current fiscal posture is not on a par with past years. Worsening fiscal balances emit a signal for a looming fiscal crisis and it is evident that this trend should promptly be reversed by the aid of appropriate expedients. Quitting the use of procyclical fiscal policies, building up public confidence by primary balance generation, implementing full-fledged tax reform, restructuring contingent liabilities, proper scrutiny of expenditures, reducing profligacy are among the policy options available for the government. Notwithstanding the abundance of alternative fiscal policies, the current Covid-19 pandemic is quite a hindrance to attaining intended outcomes regarding fiscal stability.
5
El-Shagi, Makram, and Camélia Turcu. "Monetary, financial and fiscal fragility in 2020s." Journal of International Money and Finance 117 (October 2021): 102439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2021.102439.
Повний текст джерела
6
Alessandrini, Pietro, Michele Fratianni, Andrew Hughes Hallett, and Andrea F. Presbitero. "External Imbalances and Fiscal Fragility in the Euro Area." Open Economies Review 25, no. 1 (January 25, 2014): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11079-013-9305-5.
Повний текст джерела
7
Kirchner, Markus, and Sweder van Wijnbergen. "Fiscal deficits, financial fragility, and the effectiveness of government policies." Journal of Monetary Economics 80 (June 2016): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2016.04.007.
Повний текст джерела
8
Acharya, Viral V. "Fiscal Dominance - A Theory of Everything in India." Indian Public Policy Review 1, no. 2(Nov-Dec) (November 5, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55763/ippr.2020.01.02.001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Issue: Nov-Dec 2020
This article focuses on the different channels through which fiscal dominance of the central bank affects financial stability in India, notably through its effect on bank recapitalization and regulation, default closure norms, monetary policy decisions, bond market regulations, capital flow measures and central bank balance sheet. Fiscal dominance also has other side effects on the economy, such as crowding out of private sector investment, external sector fragility of corporate sector financing, financial fragility of firms reliant on market financing, and finally, poor transmission of monetary policy. The paper ends with recommendations on the steps a central bank can take to limit being fiscally dominated. This requires a firm commitment to long-term financial stability, which must be reflected in the central bank’s objectives. The central bank must have autonomy over regulatory decisions, including for government-owned entities in the banking and financial sector. The central bank should adopt a mostly rules-based policy making approach rather than relying on excessive discretion. Finally, the central bank should be democratically accountable through transparency of actions and intent as well as an acknowledgement of limitations of its policy options.
9
Deléchat, Corinne, Ejona Fuli, Dafina Glaser, Gustavo Ramirez, and Rui Xu. "Exiting From Fragility in sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Fiscal Policies and Fiscal Institutions." IMF Working Papers 15, no. 268 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513591315.001.
Повний текст джерела
10
Deléchat, Corinne, Ejona Fuli, Dafina Mulaj, Gustavo Ramirez, and Rui Xu. "Exiting from Fragility in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Fiscal Policies and Fiscal Institutions." South African Journal of Economics 86, no. 3 (April 27, 2018): 271–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/saje.12195.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Fragilità fisica"
1
Izgi, Kogar Cigdem. "Fiscal Sustainability, Banking Fragility And Balance Sheets: 2000-2001 Financial Crises In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605052/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis is to identify and assess the reasons of the Turkish financial crises based on various crises model explanations including the first, the second and the third generation models. It is argued that following factors played a crucial role in triggering crises in Turkey. Firstly, under the weak sustainable fiscal policies, implementation of the exchange rate based stabilization program caused the increase in vulnerabilities in the sectoral balance sheets and thus increased the prospective deficit considerations. Secondly, as seen on the international evidence, over-appreciation of the domestic currency put pressure on the current account deficit and other macroeconomic indicators. Thirdly, domestic and external factors also worsen the perceptions on the sustainability of the disinflation program leading to sharp capital outflows.
Within this context, fiscal and current account sustainability are empirically tested under the light of the structural break analysis and it is found that fiscal stance and the current account deficit are both weakly sustainable implying the necessity of policy regime changes before the crises period. Having assessed the structural problems of the government, corporate and banking sector&rsquos balance sheets, intersectoral risk matrix was constructed to analyze the risk accumulation in the sectors considering the impacts of the exchange rate based disinflation program and the ongoing economic imbalances. Both mismanagement of the risks and the structural weaknesses of some banks led to the deterioration of the expectations about the continuity of the program, by increasing tensions and prospective deficit perceptions in the markets. With speculative attacks, a sharp capital outflow was triggered the crises. It is concluded that the causes of the 2000-2001 Turkish financial crises can be interpreted as an example of financial crises model encompassing all elements of the earlier models except seignorage issues.
2
Almeida, Thiara Messias de. "Geosystemic Analysis Applied to the Study of Environmental Fragility on Basin of the River SÃo JoÃo de Tiba, Bahia." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13703.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThe watershed is understood as a complex system that integrates elements natural, socioeconomics and cultural. The objective of research was to assess the anthropogenic changes in the dynamics of landscape the River Basin SÃo JoÃo de Tiba-BA and its interference in the fragility of environmental systems. The basin of 178. 071 hectares, is inserted in the Region of Extreme South Bahia, which was incorporated into the "development" of economic and private megaprojects like cellulose of extensive territorial occupation that this region has experienced, resulting in severe exploitation of natural resources and intense changes in the landscape. Thus, to understand the natural dynamics and the processes of land use and occupation were performed analysis physiographic, morphometric, socioeconomic diagnosis and characterization of the evolution of the use of land, identifying the major impacts of space appropriation process. To meet the proposed objectives, was adopted the scale 1:100.000. The research involved the use of cartographic techniques and remote sensing, through GIS. For this, we used radar image (SRTM and ASTER), and satellite images Landsat TM 5, information collected in fieldwork, and data socioeconomic nature. The data generation and preparation of maps was performed in SIG ArcGIS 10. The integrated analysis of the environment can be inferred that the area is characterized, mostly by plan relief of the Coastal Tablelands of Barriers Group, which originated evolved soils as Yellow Latosols, naturally covered by a rainforest that were gradually replaced. The basin comprises nine different environmental systems. The geo-environmental characteristics of the area were attractive for the development of the main forms of anthropism that changed the landscape and turned it into two types of scenarios: the of pasture and of eucalyptus. The use of land for pasture concentrates most of the arable land, and what else disrespects environmental legislation. The plantation of eucalyptus is agricultural use with the highest growth in the period analyzed, meanwhile, the remaining forest areas were reduced by 63%. The forms of land use practiced in the basin contributed to the increase in environmental degradation processes and, consequently, increasing its Environmental Fragility. It is hoped that the research can collaborate with the area of systems analysis in watersheds as a subsidy to the Environmental Planning.
A bacia hidrogrÃfica à entendida como um sistema complexo que apresenta de forma integrada elementos naturais, socioeconÃmicos e culturais. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar as mudanÃas antropogÃnicas na dinÃmica da paisagem da Bacia HidrogrÃfica do Rio SÃo JoÃo de Tiba-BA e sua interferÃncia na fragilidade dos sistemas ambientais. Trata-se de uma bacia de 178. 071 ha, inserida na RegiÃo do Extremo Sul da Bahia, a qual foi incorporada ao processo de âdesenvolvimentoâ, de megaprojetos econÃmicos e privados de extensiva ocupaÃÃo territorial como a celulose, resultando em acentuada exploraÃÃo de recursos naturais e intensas transformaÃÃes na paisagem. Assim, para entender a dinÃmica natural e os processos de uso e ocupaÃÃo da terra foram realizadas anÃlises fisiogrÃficas, morfomÃtricas, diagnÃstico socioeconÃmico, caracterizaÃÃo da evoluÃÃo dos usos do solo e mapeamentos sÃntese da fragilidade ambiental, identificando os principais impactos decorrentes do processo de apropriaÃÃo do espaÃo. Para atender os objetivos propostos, adotou-se a escala de 1:100.000. A pesquisa envolveu o uso de tÃcnicas cartogrÃficas e sensoriamento remoto, atravÃs do geoprocessamento. Para tal, utilizou-se imagens de radar (SRTM e ASTER), imagens de satÃlite do sistema Landsat 5 TM, informaÃÃes coletadas em trabalhos de campo, e informaÃÃes de natureza socioeconÃmica. A geraÃÃo dos dados e confecÃÃo dos mapas foi realizada no SIG ArcGis 10. A anÃlise integrada do meio fÃsico permite inferir que a Ãrea à caracterizada, em sua maior parte, pelo relevo plano dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Grupo Barreiras, que deram origem a solos evoluÃdos como os Latossolos Amarelos, recobertos naturalmente, por uma mata Ãmida que foi paulatinamente substituÃda. A bacia comporta nove sistemas ambientais diversos. As caracterÃsticas geoambientais da Ãrea foram atrativas para o desenvolvimento das principais formas de antropismo que modificaram a paisagem e a transformaram em dois tipos de cenÃrios: o do pasto e o do eucalipto. O uso do solo com pastagens concentra a maior parte das terras agricultÃveis, e o que mais desrespeita a legislaÃÃo ambiental. A silvicultura à o uso agrÃcola que apresentou maior crescimento no perÃodo analisado, enquanto isso, as Ãreas com remanescentes florestais foram reduzidas em 63%. As formas de uso da terra praticadas contribuÃram para o aumento dos processos de degradaÃÃo ambiental e, consequentemente o aumento da sua fragilidade. A pesquisa contribui com a Ãrea da anÃlise sistÃmica em bacias hidrogrÃficas como subsÃdio ao Planejamento Ambiental.
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Rosa, Lucas Espíndola. "Interfaces entre unidades de conservação e bacias hidrográficas na região de Terra Ronca." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6641.
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The study area has approximately 6 thousand km2 and is composed of four basins (Água Quente, São Mateus, São Vicente and São Domingos) tributaries of the Paranã River and located in a transition area between the Vão do Paranã (GO) and Oeste Baiano (BA). Among these four basins, (São Mateus and São Vicente) are overlain by two conservation units (Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca and APA Serra Geral de Goiás). The other two basins (Água Quente and São Domingos) are contiguous to the former. The study area contains karstic environments concerning the geological unit of the Bambuí Group, as well as the sandstones of the Urucuia Group, that associated to a polygenic morphosculture and to poorly structured soils make this area naturally vulnerable. In these terms, the research aims to analyze the environmental dynamics between the UC and the hydrographic basins, since the basins inserted in the UC can have their use and dynamically disciplined by the environmental characteristics, while the outer basins do not. The objective is also to understand how the expansion and consolidation of the agricultural frontier in the area of study can be related to the intensification of the vulnerability processes of the study region between 1990 and 2014. It also aims to understand how the variables environmental conditions favor the occupation of the region's lands, as well as understanding soil degradation and alteration mantles (water erosion processes and mass movements). The research uses as theoretical foundation the integrated analysis of the landscape from the interaction between hydrographic basins and UC as units of analysis. The selected method was the multitemporal monitoring of land use and coverage, as well as observation of morphopedological and climatic variables, as well as the empirical analysis of the erosive phenomenon and mass movements, which allowed the distinction of vulnerable sectors to soil loss. Thus, it was verified that the most vulnerable basin is the Água Quente river basin, followed by basin of the São Mateus, São Domingos and São Vicente rivers. It was also observed that the low sectors of these basins are predominantly pasture-occupied, while the high sectors has for predominance the agricultural commodities areas. The most suppressed phytophysiognomies were clean field and dirty field for settlement of agriculture and cerrado ralo for the pastures. The anthropogenic occupation of this region was encouraged by several policies, which contributed to the agricultural activities. In this sense, the UC are important in resources maintaining, since the presented area in 2014 was just over 50% of the remaining vegetation. In addition, the study area is strongly influenced by the morphological conditions, since the remaining vegetation is, predominantly in rocky areas and poorly structured soils. Finally, it can be said that, the collection, treatment and understanding of these different informations was fundamental importance for the evaluation of the synergy between the hydrographic basins and UC in the area of the study.
A área de estudo conta com aproximadamente 6 mil km2 e é composta por quatro bacias (Água Quente, São Mateus, São Vicente e São Domingos) afluentes do rio Paranã e situadas em uma área de transição entre o Vão do Paranã (GO) e Oeste Baiano (BA). Dentre estas quatro bacias, duas (São Mateus e São Vicente) estão sobrepostas por duas unidades de conservação (Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca e APA Serra Geral de Goiás). As outras duas bacias (Água Quente e São Domingos) são contíguas às primeiras. A área de estudo contém ambientes cársticos concernentes a unidade geológica do Grupo Bambuí, bem como os arenitos do Grupo Urucuia, que associados a uma morfoescultura poligênica e a solos pouco estruturados tornam esta área naturalmente vulnerável. Nesses termos, a pesquisa objetiva analisar a dinâmica ambiental entre as UC e as bacias hidrográficas, visto que as bacias inseridas nas UC podem ter seu uso e dinâmica disciplinados pelas características ambientais, enquanto que as bacias exteriores não. Objetiva-se compreender também como a expansão e consolidação da fronteira agropecuária na área de estudo pode se relacionar com a intensificação dos processos de vulnerabilidade da região de estudo entre os anos de 1990 a 2014. Visa também compreender como as variáveis ambientais favorecem a ocupação das terras da região, bem como entender os processos de degradação dos solos e mantos de alteração (processos erosivos hídricos e movimentos de massa). A pesquisa utiliza como fundamentação teórica a análise integrada da paisagem a partir da interação entre bacias hidrográficas e UC como unidades de análise. O método selecionado foi o acompanhamento multitemporal do uso e cobertura do solo, além da observação de variáveis morfopedológicas e climáticas, bem como a análise empírica do fenômeno erosivo e dos movimentos de massa, que propiciaram a distinção de setores vulneráveis à perda de solos. Assim, constatou-se que a bacia mais vulnerável é a bacia do rio Água Quente, seguida pela bacia do rio São Mateus, São Domingos e São Vicente. Observou-se ainda que os baixos setores destas bacias são ocupados predominantemente por pastagens, enquanto o alto setor tem por predominância as áreas agrícolas de commodities. As fitofisionomias mais suprimidas foram campo limpo e campo sujo para assentamento da agricultura e cerrado ralo para as pastagens. A ocupação antrópica desta região foi incentivada por diversas políticas, que contribuiu para o avanço das atividades agropecuárias. Nesse sentido, as UC são importantes na manutenção dos recursos, visto que a área apresentava em 2014 pouco mais 50% de vegetação remanescente. Ademais, a área de estudo apresenta-se fortemente influenciada pelas condições morfopedológicas, visto que a vegetação remanescente encontra-se, predominantemente, assentada em áreas de afloramentos rochosos e solos pouco estruturados. Por fim, pode-se dizer que o levantamento, tratamento e entendimento destas diferentes informações foi de fundamental importância para avaliação da sinergia entre as bacias hidrográficas e UC na área de estudo.
4
CARVALHO, Deysianne Ulhôa de. "Financeirização e fragilidade no Setor Público brasileiro: um estudo entre os anos de 2008-2014." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2016. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/934.
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O processo de financeirização intensificou-se após a década de 1970, devido a uma série de transformações político-econômicas ocorridas nesse período, movidas pela ideologia neoliberal. A financeirização é um fenômeno que se sustenta de forma independente do crescimento real da economia, pois o capital se reproduz sem, necessariamente, possuir relação direta com o processo produtivo. Com esse descolamento, as finanças se ampliam, formando um cenário de fragilidade financeira para os agentes econômicos. Em países em desenvolvimento ou periféricos, a financeirização ocorre de modo específico, fazendo com que o Estado fique fragilizado, diferente das economias desenvolvidas onde o processo atinge mais fortemente o setor privado. Essa característica justifica o estudo da fragilidade do Setor Público brasileiro, cujo objetivo é analisar como o processo de financeirização o impactou, no período 2008-2014, exatamente no contexto em que ocorria uma grande crise no setor financeiro com repercussão global. Para realizar o estudo proposto, a metodologia consistirá na revisão bibliográfica, na coleta e análise dos dados dos relatórios contábeis do Setor Público brasileiro e na utilização do índice de fragilidade financeira aplicado ao Setor Público elaborado por Terra et al (2009). No Brasil, o processo de financeirização é conduzido pelo endividamento do Setor Público, considerado o fundamental eixo da acumulação rentista-patrimonial. Esse processo tem sido intensificado pela política de manutenção de taxas de juros elevadas e, consequentemente, intrincado as finanças do Setor Público, de modo que seus gastos financeiros, permanentemente alimentados por altas taxas de juros, favorecem o crescimento da dívida pública. Essas circunstâncias regem o Estado para uma situação de fragilidade financeira, a la Minsky, comprometendo sua capacidade de atuar como agente anticíclico e mantendo-o refém dos interesses do capital financeiro. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o Setor Público brasileiro está, de fato, fragilizado e que isso se deve à forma com que a financeirização ocorre no Brasil.The financialization process after de 70 decade has enhanced due to a succession of political and economical transformations occurred in this time lapse, induced by a neoliberal ideology. Financialization is such a phenomenon that is apparently self sustained within an independent way apart from the real growth of economy, since the capital reproduces itself without necessarily keeping direct relation with the productive process. With such detachment, finances will broaden and making up a sceneray of finance fragility for the economical agents. In non developed or peripheral countries financialization occur on a specific way by conveying the State to fragility, differently of developed economies where process reaches private sector more strongly. Such characteristic justifies itself the very study of fragility of Brazilian public sector, which main objective is the understanding of how financialization process had impacted it, 2008-2014 term, right at the context when a great crisis in the finance sector had been in course and with a global rebouding as well. In order to accomplish the proposed study, the methodology will consist of bibliographic revisal, collecting and analysis of accounting reports data of Brazilian Public Sector and the use of financial fragility index as well, practiced by the Public Sector developed by Terra et al (2009) In Brazil financialization process has been conducted by the indebtedeness of Public Sector, thus considered the fundamental axis of patrimonial-rendering accumulation. Such process has been enhanced by the maintenance of raised interest tax policy, resulting intricate the Public Sector finance so that its continuous finance expenditure supplied by high interest taxes, favours the growth of public debt. Those circunstances drive the State into a “Minsky way” finance fragility position, jeopardizing its competence role of an “anticyling” agent, and keeping it likewise hostage of the finance capital. These attained results follows that Brazilian Public Sector in fact is weakened and this due to means and ways financialization occur in Brazil.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
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BANDIERA, LUCA. "Volatilita', debito e crescita: il ruolo della politica fiscale in paesi a basso reddito. Elementi di teoria ed evidenza empirica attraverso studi di casi." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/828.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La ricerca sugli effetti negativi del debito sulla crescita economica si è concentrata principalmente sui paesi a reddito medio (PRM) e paesi con accesso ai mercati finanziari, un gruppo PRM con accesso illimitato ai mercati internazionali dei capitali. La letteratura sugli effetti della volatilità macroeconomica sulla crescita, che si e' concentrata sui PRM, è stata sviluppata nel 1990. Un numero limitato di studi ha tentato di analizzare il legame tra debito e crescita in paesi a basso reddito. Questa raccolta di ricerche tenta di colmare questa lacuna, esaminando l'applicabilità del quadro concettuale che collega volatilita', debito e crescita ai paesi a basso reddito. In particolare, le ricerche si concentrano sul ruolo della politica fiscale in paesi a basso reddito, la sua pertinenza per raggiungere e mantenere la sostenibilità del debito ed evitare crisi con conseguenze negative protratte sulla crescita economica. I risultati indicano che le politiche fiscali nei paesi a basso reddito non hanno necessariamente un ruolo chiave nel garantire il rispetto del vincolo di bilancio intertemporale di governo e nel mantenere la sostenibilità del debito. Questo risultato è in netto contrasto con l'attuale ricerca economica sulla sostenibilità fiscale nei PRM e porta a diverse implicazioni per la condotta della politica economica in paesi a basso reddito.Research on the negative effect of debt on economic growth has mainly focused on middle income countries (MICs) and market access countries (MACs), the latter a group of MICs with unconstrained access to international capital markets. Literature on the effects of macroeconomic volatility on growth focusing on MICs was developed in the 1990’s. Few studies have attempted to analyze the nexus between debt and growth in low income countries (LICs). This collection of papers attempts to fill this gap, by examining the applicability of the conceptual framework linking volatility, debt and growth to LICs. Specifically, the papers focus on the role of fiscal policy in LICs, its relevance for achieving and maintaining debt sustainability deterring economic crisis and excessive growth slumps. Results indicate that LICs fiscal policies do not necessarily play a key role in ensuring respect of the government intertemporal budget constraint and debt sustainability. This result is in stark contrast with existing economic research on fiscal sustainability in MICs leading to different implications for policy conducts in LICs.
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BANDIERA, LUCA. "Volatilita', debito e crescita: il ruolo della politica fiscale in paesi a basso reddito. Elementi di teoria ed evidenza empirica attraverso studi di casi." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/828.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La ricerca sugli effetti negativi del debito sulla crescita economica si è concentrata principalmente sui paesi a reddito medio (PRM) e paesi con accesso ai mercati finanziari, un gruppo PRM con accesso illimitato ai mercati internazionali dei capitali. La letteratura sugli effetti della volatilità macroeconomica sulla crescita, che si e' concentrata sui PRM, è stata sviluppata nel 1990. Un numero limitato di studi ha tentato di analizzare il legame tra debito e crescita in paesi a basso reddito. Questa raccolta di ricerche tenta di colmare questa lacuna, esaminando l'applicabilità del quadro concettuale che collega volatilita', debito e crescita ai paesi a basso reddito. In particolare, le ricerche si concentrano sul ruolo della politica fiscale in paesi a basso reddito, la sua pertinenza per raggiungere e mantenere la sostenibilità del debito ed evitare crisi con conseguenze negative protratte sulla crescita economica. I risultati indicano che le politiche fiscali nei paesi a basso reddito non hanno necessariamente un ruolo chiave nel garantire il rispetto del vincolo di bilancio intertemporale di governo e nel mantenere la sostenibilità del debito. Questo risultato è in netto contrasto con l'attuale ricerca economica sulla sostenibilità fiscale nei PRM e porta a diverse implicazioni per la condotta della politica economica in paesi a basso reddito.Research on the negative effect of debt on economic growth has mainly focused on middle income countries (MICs) and market access countries (MACs), the latter a group of MICs with unconstrained access to international capital markets. Literature on the effects of macroeconomic volatility on growth focusing on MICs was developed in the 1990’s. Few studies have attempted to analyze the nexus between debt and growth in low income countries (LICs). This collection of papers attempts to fill this gap, by examining the applicability of the conceptual framework linking volatility, debt and growth to LICs. Specifically, the papers focus on the role of fiscal policy in LICs, its relevance for achieving and maintaining debt sustainability deterring economic crisis and excessive growth slumps. Results indicate that LICs fiscal policies do not necessarily play a key role in ensuring respect of the government intertemporal budget constraint and debt sustainability. This result is in stark contrast with existing economic research on fiscal sustainability in MICs leading to different implications for policy conducts in LICs.
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Longobucco, Yari, Laura Rasero, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, and Chiara Lorini. "La fragilità fisica e cognitiva nell'anziano." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1234834.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La tesi di dottorato mira a valutare il ruolo dell'infermiere nello screening della fragilità dell'anziano, secondo il modello bio-psico-sociale.
Mira altresì a valutare le possibili associazioni tra la Health Literacy del Caregiver con esiti di salute su questa specifica popolazione.
Книги з теми "Fragilità fisica"
1
Aizenman, Joshua. Fiscal fragility: What the past may say about the future. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.
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2
Aizenman, Joshua. Fiscal fragility: What the past may say about the future. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.
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3
Pathways to sustainable development amid "6f" crisis: A critical analysis of the fiscal, food, fuel, frontiers, fragility of climate and functional democracy crises. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2015.
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4
Song, Min. Xibei neng yuan fu ji qu sheng tai cui ruo feng xian yu jing yu sheng tai an quan cai shui zhi chi yan jiu: Yi Shanxi Sheng Yulin Shi wei li = Research on risk early-warning of ecological fragility and fiscal policy support for ecological security in energy-rich region of Xibei : in case of Shaanxi Province Yulin. Beijing Shi: Jing ji ke xue chu ban she, 2016.
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Deléchat, Corinne, Ejona Fuli, Dafina Glaser, Gustavo Ramirez, and Rui Xu. Exiting from Fragility in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Fiscal Policies and Fiscal Institutions. International Monetary Fund, 2015.
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Deléchat, Corinne, Ejona Fuli, Dafina Glaser, Gustavo Ramirez, and Rui Xu. Exiting from Fragility in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Fiscal Policies and Fiscal Institutions. International Monetary Fund, 2015.
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Govi, Elisabetta, ed. BIRTH. Archeologia dell’infanzia nell’Italia preromana. Bologna University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/disciarche31.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’archeologia dell’infanzia è un campo di ricerca molto attuale nel quadro internazionale degli studi dedicati all’antichità e negli anni più recenti ha visto una crescita considerevole anche grazie all’approccio interdisciplinare che arricchisce le indagini archeologiche di prospettive complementari, prime fra tutte quella dell’antropologia fisica e culturale. Il mondo infantile resta tuttavia molto difficile da analizzare per la scarsa visibilità che i bambini hanno in termini archeologici, a causa della fragilità dei resti ossei e della limitata evidenza sul piano sociale e culturale. Occorre allora adottare specifiche metodologie di indagine, capaci di fare emergere le tracce di una componente delle comunità antiche tanto significativa, quanto poco rappresentata a livello funerario. La attenta lettura contestuale dei dati riferibili ai bambini è il necessario presupposto per approdare a corrette ipotesi ricostruttive sulla percezione che ogni popolo aveva dell’infanzia. L’opera affronta il tema per la prima volta in modo sistematico e organico, mappando il fenomeno delle sepolture infantili nell’Italia del primo millennio a.C. Trenta saggi, scritti da circa sessanta studiosi, rendono questo volume la più aggiornata e completa raccolta di dati e di studi sull’archeologia dell’infanzia della penisola nell’età preromana. L’attenzione è rivolta non solo all’ambito sepolcrale, certamente il più ricco di informazioni, ma anche a quelli abitativo e santuariale molto meno noti, per ottenere un quadro conoscitivo il più possibile esteso e articolato. Dopo alcuni saggi che introducono alla riflessione teorica sviluppatasi attorno al tema, la prima parte dell’opera è dedicata ad un caso studio del mondo etrusco, oggetto di un recente progetto multidisciplinare; la seconda parte comprende numerosi contributi sull’Etruria, un territorio per il quale mancava finora una visione d’insieme su tutti i principali centri; la terza parte raccoglie saggi sulle popolazioni dell’Italia antica, offrendo uno straordinario sguardo sul mosaico di culture; infine un saggio finale, che delinea le coordinate culturali e antropologiche del fenomeno, valorizza la ricchezza e la complessità dell’opera. BIRTH costituisce il più completo strumento di conoscenza e di analisi del comportamento dei popoli dell’Italia antica nel trattamento funerario del bambino. Numerose appendici forniscono una dettagliata registrazione delle tombe infantili, base per ogni ricostruzione storica. L’opera è il primo passo di un percorso di studi destinato a proseguire, perché ancora molte sono le prospettive di indagine che l’archeologia dell’Italia preromana consente di sviluppare nell’ambito del più vivace dibattito scientifico internazionale sull’infanzia.
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Chami, Ralph, Raphael Espinoza, and Peter J. Montiel, eds. Macroeconomic Policy in Fragile States. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853091.001.0001.
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Setting macroeconomic policy is especially difficult in fragile states. Political legitimacy concerns are heightened, raising issues such as who the policymakers are, what incentives move them, and how the process of policymaking is likely to work under limited legitimacy and high uncertainty both about the macroeconomic environment and about policy effectiveness. In addition, fragility expands the range of policy objectives in ways that may constrain the attainment of standard macroeconomic objectives. Specifically, in the context of fragility policymakers also need to focus on measures to mitigate fragility itself—namely, they need to address issues such as regional and ethnic economic disparities, youth unemployment, and food price inflation. Socio-political developments around the world have thus pushed policymakers to broaden their toolkit to improve the effectiveness of macroeconomic management in the face of these constraints. The chapters in this book address these issues, both by giving an analytical context from which policymakers can build to answer the questions they face in fragile situations as well as by providing lessons drawn from empirical analyses and case studies. The first section of the volume discusses the interactions between political economy considerations and macroeconomic policymaking. The second section covers the private sector environment in fragile states. The third section focuses on macroeconomic policy, especially fiscal policy, monetary policy, exchange rate policy, external flows, and aid effectiveness. The last section explains the role of the IMF in fragile states and concludes by presenting case studies from the Middle East and from Sub-Saharan Africa. The contributors to the volume are economists and political scientists from academia as well as policymakers from international organizations and from countries affected by fragility.
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Akyüz, Yilmaz. Policy Response in Advanced Economies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797173.003.0001.
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The world economy is in a bad shape, largely because of misguided policies in the United States and Europe in response to the crisis. The crisis is taking too long to resolve, leading to unnecessary losses of income and jobs. Recovery has been sluggish and unbalanced between labour and capital, and between industry and finance. This is mainly because governments have been unwilling to remove the debt overhang through timely, orderly, and comprehensive restructuring, and fiscal policy has acted to restrain recovery, resulting in excessive reliance on unconventional monetary policy. The ultra-easy monetary policy has led to speculation and asset bubbles and created a global debt trap rather than stimulating consumption and productive investment. This policy approach has not only failed to boost growth, but also aggravated global systemic problems, including financial fragility in both advanced and developing economies, and inequality, underconsumption and structural demand gap.
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McBride, Stephen, Bryan Evans, and Dieter Plehwe, eds. The Changing Politics and Policy of Austerity. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447359517.001.0001.
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This collection of original essays explores the myriad expressions of austerity since the 2008 financial crisis. Case studies drawn from Canada, Australia and the European Union provide extensive comparative analysis of austerity --fiscal consolidation and structural reforms to labour and the public sector. Contributions examine such themes as privatisation, class mobilization and resistance, the crisis of liberal democracy and the rise of the far right. The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in shaping future austerity and alternatives is signalled. The controversies around the pandemic’s merciless revelation of the status of public health infrastructures after decades of austerity capitalism and the sudden visibility of the fragility of globalized neoliberal capitalism at large at the same time help to anticipate alternative scenarios: a) another return to the status quo ante crisis, b) selective escape from the prerogatives of austerity capitalism mainly in the areas of immediate concern for public health and c) more comprehensive departures from what then could finally be understood as late austerity capitalism and post-neoliberalism. What is needed is a transition to a mode of economic governance that not only opens up scope to overcome austerity and structural reform policies, but which also offers a functional framework for the indispensable social-ecological transformation of the economy. Such an objective calls for democratic economic governance to overcome the austerity regime and combine environmental and social policy objectives. Given the rapidly shifting terrain, this comprehensive handbook provides important insights into a complex and fast changing period of politics and policy.
Частини книг з теми "Fragilità fisica"
1
Besley, Timothy, and Hannes Mueller. "Fiscal Capacity and State Fragility." In Macroeconomic Policy in Fragile States, 235–70. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853091.003.0009.
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This chapter discusses issues that arise in building an effective fiscal state and relates this to debates about causes and consequences of state fragility. It argues that the lack of capacity to raise revenue is symptomatic of a wider range of issues that lie at the heart of state fragility, including a weak private sector, a lack of legitimacy and poorly functioning administrative structures. Building the capacity to mobilize revenues requires building a social contract based on a culture of voluntary compliance in addition to strengthening more tangible aspects of the state. This has far-reaching consequences policies that aim to strengthen fiscal capacity in the context of fragility.
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Chami, Ralph, Mattia Coppo, Raphael Espinoza, and Peter Montiel. "Macroeconomic Policy Issues in Fragile States." In Macroeconomic Policy in Fragile States, 1–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853091.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Around half of the world population living in extreme poverty resides in fragile states. The objective of this book is to develop our understanding of how state fragility must be accounted for in the design of macroeconomic policy. This chapter introduces the volume by presenting the concept of state fragility and by explaining how the macroeconomies of fragile states differ from those of other developing economies. The chapter also proposes a framework to illustrate how the poverty trap and the fragility trap interact, leveraging on the existing literature as well as on the new contributions presented in this volume. Finally, the chapter extracts policy lessons from the other 19 chapters in the book, in three increasingly specific steps: (1) General principles for policy engagement, (2) Policies to escape fragility, and (3) Macroeconomic policies to manage fragile economies, in particular in the areas of fiscal policy, monetary policy, and financial development.
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Baer, Katherine, Sanjeev Gupta, Mario Mansour, and Sailendra Pattanayak. "Building Fiscal Institutions in Fragile States." In Macroeconomic Policy in Fragile States, 297–333. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853091.003.0011.
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Building or restoring fiscal institutions is central to state-building and economic growth in fragile states. This chapter proposes a two-step approach to designing and implementing tax revenue and public expenditure reforms in fragile states based on the experience of IMF technical assistance programs. Reforms to build fiscal institutions in fragile states need to be sequenced to reflect country-specific circumstances. In the first stage, the focus should be on using available administrative capacity for effective tax collection and developing core public financial management functions with easy-to-implement measures. In the second stage the focus can shift to medium-term revenue and public financial management strategies to help countries exit fragility. Country authorities should lead coordination efforts, with technical assistance providers playing a supportive role. The chapter also discusses the role of fiscal conditionality in IMF programs in fragile states and how it should focus on the medium- and long-term aspects of institution building.
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Stanford, Jim. "The crisis next time: the GFC and the continuing fragility of capitalism." In The Changing Politics and Policy of Austerity, 248–71. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447359517.003.0013.
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A decade after the global financial crisis of 2008-09, most OECD economies had still not regained normal economic and labour market conditions. Now the COVID-19 pandemic has thrown the global economy into the worst crisis since the Great Depression. The advanced capitalist economies enter this crisis in an economically and politically precarious state: financial leverage and instability, fiscal imbalances, constraints on monetary policy, and household financial fragility are all worse than in 2008-09. Perhaps most worryingly, the legitimacy and effectiveness of democratic institutions and processes have been battered by a decade of hardship, polarization, and populism. In this worrying context, progressive movements must develop and fight for a response to this latest crisis that will strengthen popular economic and political capacities, instead of merely rescuing a battered, financialized regime.
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Roos, Jerome. "The Establishment Digs In." In Why Not Default?, 251–60. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691180106.003.0019.
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This chapter considers the factors behind Greece's compliance in the first years of the crisis. It shows that in the first two years of the crisis, the “establishment triangle” revolving around the political class, private bankers, and the financial technocrats at the Bank of Greece, far from being weakened by the government's precarious fiscal position or the financial fragility of the Greek banks, actually managed to solidify its stronghold on financial policymaking through its capacity to fulfill a bridging role to foreign lenders and keep providing their fiscally distressed national government with much-needed short-term credit lines. The third enforcement mechanism, in short, was relatively effective. But while this helped internalize debtor discipline into the Greek state apparatus, it did not succeed in returning the country to solvency.
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Tsika, Noah. "Introduction." In Screening the Police, 1–26. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577721.003.0001.
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This introduction historicizes cinema’s relationship to policing and particularizes that relationship beyond familiar questions of regulation and censorship, while also revisiting those very questions in the context of a broader study of police power. How did the institution of law enforcement interact with the studio system? How was classical Hollywood shaped by—and how, in turn, did it shape—specific police activities? To what extent and in what ways did cinema serve the emergent public relations needs of police agencies, and vice versa? Police departments were not passive beneficiaries of Hollywood’s fiscal and ideological investments but active and self-interested contributors to various cinematic projects, many of which they themselves initiated. The relative fragility of police legitimacy—its disputability, particularly in the face of obvious abuses of power—necessitated this constant advocacy in twentieth-century America, as did Hollywood’s generic, formula-driven, reiterative commercial character.
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Sforza, Vincenzo, Alessandro Mechelli, and Riccardo Cimini. "Towards the Modernisation of EU Public Sector Accounting Standards." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 40–54. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3731-1.ch003.
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In the field of comparative international governmental accounting research, this chapter participates to the growing debate around the EPSAS-project that according to the EU Commission has a political priority. In this vein, it demonstrates that considering all the governmental subsectors of public administration (central government, state government, local government, social security funds) of the 28 EU Member States, proximity of national regulation to the IPSAS affects the magnitude of total adjustments. These are a proxy of fiscal fragility and are the difference between the non-harmonized data of governmental accounting and the harmonized ESA-2010 national accounting. Findings show that adjustments are significant in magnitude in countries whose regulation has low proximity to IPSAS; opposite, their magnitude is low in countries with high proximity to the IPSAS. Even if they have not provided the anticipated level of harmonisation, the process of modernising the EU public sector accounting standards cannot ignore that the future EPSAS should not diverge much from the IPSAS.
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Galbraith, John Kenneth, and James K. Galbraith. "War and the Next Lesson." In Money. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691171661.003.0017.
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This chapter examines the lessons of World War II with respect to money and monetary policy. World War I exposed the fragility of the monetary structure that had gold as its foundation, the great boom of the 1920s showed how futile monetary policy was as an instrument of restraint, and the Great Depression highlighted the ineffectuality of monetary policy for rescuing the country from a slump—for breaking out of the underemployment equilibrium once this had been fully and firmly established. On the part of John Maynard Keynes, the lesson was that only fiscal policy ensured not just that money was available to be borrowed but that it would be borrowed and would be spent. The chapter considers the experiences of Britain, Germany, and the United States with a lesson of World War II: that general measures for restraining demand do not prevent inflation in an economy that is operating at or near capacity.
Звіти організацій з теми "Fragilità fisica"
1
Aizenman, Joshua, and Gurnain Kaur Pasricha. Fiscal fragility: what the past may say about the future. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16478.
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