Статті в журналах: "FPI CONTROLLER"

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Sheikh, M. R. I., R. Takahashi, and J. Tamura. "Robust Stabilizing Controllers to Automatic Generation Control for Load Frequency Control Application." Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2010): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3063.

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Since superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit with a self-commutated converter is capable of controlling both the active and reactive powers simultaneously and quickly, increasing attention has been focused recently on power system stabilization by SMES control. This study presents the effects of novel control strategies of self-tuned fuzzy proportional integral (FPI) controller and fuzzy frequency (FF) controller associated with the automatic generation control (AGC) including SMES unit. The effects of the self-tuning configuration with FPI controller in AGC is also compared with that of FF controlled AGC on SMES control. The simulation results show that both self tuning control schemes of AGC are very effective in damping out of the oscillations caused by load disturbances and it is also seen that the FF controlled AGC with SMES perform better primary frequency control compared to FPI controlled AGC with SMES. Keywords: Load frequency control; Single area power system; FPI controller; FF controller; SMES unit. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3063 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 285-293 (2010)

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Alkargole, Hazim M., Abbas S. Hassan, and Raoof T. Hussein. "Analyze and Evaluate the Performance Velocity Control in DC Motor." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2020.12.507.

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A mathematical model of controlling the DC motor has been applied in this paper. There are many and different types of controllers have been used with purpose of analyzing and evaluating the performance of the of DC motor which are, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Fuzzy Proportional Derivative (FPD) ,Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), Fuzzy Proportional Derivative with integral (FPD plus I) , and Fuzzy Proportional Integral (FPI) with membership functions of 3*3, 5*5, and 7*7 rule bases. The results show that the (FLC) controller with 5*5 rule base provides the best results among all the other controllers to design the DC motor controller.

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Alawad, Nasir Ahmed. "Comparison Performance of PI and FPI Controllers for Model Reduction of Binary Distillation Column Plant." Brilliant Engineering 2, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.001.005.

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Distillation is the separation strategy in the oil and compound businesses for cleansing of conclusive items. This paper deals with the reduced dynamic model and control of the distillation tower by applying a multi-loop control framework in Matlab/Simulink for a double blend. The structure objective considered is to guarantee that the top item, the base item, the reflux rate and the reboiler rate stray inside their recommended limits forever and for all the aggravations. This paper proposes an optimal tuning method for fractional Proportional-Integral controller (FPI). The method consists of minimizing Integral Absolute Error (IAE) performance index criterion. Acceptable controller (FPI) is acquired via looking in the space of plan boundaries (Kp,Ki). An example of application (distillation column) plant is presented to evaluate the proposed method. A comparison with classical PI controller and optimal PI shows that the system under fractional state is robust in terms of transient specifications, maximum overshot, settling and rise times. The simulation results shows that more than (21%) improvement for reducing the max-overshot and(65%)improvement for increasing response speed for fractional PI compared with classical PI.MATLAB simulation toolbox is used to show the effectives of the proposed method.

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Ko, Jae-Sub, Jun-Ho Huh, and Jong-Chan Kim. "Improvement of Energy Efficiency and Control Performance of Cooling System Fan Applied to Industry 4.0 Data Center." Electronics 8, no. 5 (May 25, 2019): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050582.

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This paper proposes a control method to improve the energy efficiency and performance of cooling fans used for cooling. In Industry 4.0, a large number of digital data are used, and a large number of data centers are created to handle these data. These data centers consist of information technology (IT) equipment, power systems, and cooling systems. The cooling system is essential to prevent failure and malfunction of the IT equipment, which consumes a considerable amount of energy. This paper proposes a method to reduce the energy used in such cooling systems and to improve the temperature control performance. This paper proposes an fuzzy proportional integral(FPI) controller that controls the input value of the proportional integral(PI) controller by the fuzzy controller according to the operation state, a VFPI (Variable Fuzzy Proportional Integral) controller that adjusts the gain value of the fuzzy controller, and a variable fuzzy proportion integration-variable limit (VFPI-VL) controller that adjusts the limit value of the fuzzy controller’s output value. These controllers control the fan applied to the cooling system and compare the energy consumed and temperature control performance. When the PI controller consumes 100% of the power consumed, the FPI is 50.5%, the VFPI controller is 44.3%, and the VFPI-VL is 32.6%. The power consumption is greatly reduced. In addition, the VFPI-VL controller is the lowest in temperature variation, which improves the energy efficiency and performance of the cooling system using a fan. The methods presented in this paper can not only be applied to fans for cooling, but also to variable speed systems for various purposes and improvement of performance and efficiency can be expected.

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Wen, Jian-Ping. "Fractional Order Nonlinear Feedback Controller Design for PMSM Drives." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/290310.

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Fractional order integral is introduced into active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) to establish the structure of fractional order proportional integral controller (FPI). Fractional order ADRC (FADRC) is designed by replacing the nonlinear state error feedback control law using nonlinear function combination in ADRC with FPI, which can combine the high performance of ADRC estimating disturbances with the characteristics of fractional order calculus more really describing the physical object and spreading the stable region of the system parameters. The proposed FADRC is applied to permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed servo system in order to improve robustness of system against the disturbances. Compared with ADRC, simulation results verify that the proposed control method has given very good robust results and fast speed tracking performance.

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Elshenawy, Mahmoud, Ashraf Fahmy, Adel Elsamahy, Shaimaa A. Kandil, and Helmy M. El Zoghby. "Optimal Power Management of Interconnected Microgrids Using Virtual Inertia Control Technique." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 24, 2022): 7026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197026.

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Two interconnected AC microgrids are proposed based on three renewable energy sources (RESs): wind, solar, and biogas. The wind turbine drives a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). A solar photovoltaic system (SPVS) with an appropriate inverter was incorporated. The biogas genset (BG) consists of a biogas engine coupled with a synchronous generator. Two interconnected AC microgrids, M1 and M2, were considered for study in this work. The microgrid M2 is connected to a diesel engine (DE) characterized by a continuous power supply. The distribution power loss of the interconnected AC microgrids comprises in line loss. The M1 and M2 losses are modeled as an objective function (OF). The power quality enhancement of the interconnected microgrids will be achieved by minimizing this OF. This research also created a unique frequency control method called virtual inertia control (VIC), which stabilizes the microgrid frequency using an optimal controller. In this paper, the following five controllers are studied: a proportional integral controller (PI), a fractional order PI controller (FOPI), a fuzzy PI controller (FPI), a fuzzy fractional order PI controller (FFOPI), and a VIC based on FFOPI controller. The five controllers were tuned using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize the (OF). The main contribution of this paper is the comprehensive study of the performance of interconnected AC microgrids under step load disturbances, step changes in wind/solar input power, and eventually grid following/forming contingencies as well as the virtual inertia control of renewable energy resources used in the structure of the microgrids.

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Yan, Qixiang, Ibrahim Adamu Tasiu, Hong Chen, Yuting Zhang, Siqi Wu, and Zhigang Liu. "Design and Hardware-in-the-Loop Implementation of Fuzzy-Based Proportional-Integral Control for the Traction Line-Side Converter of a High-Speed Train." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 4094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214094.

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Power quality is one of many issues affecting the traction power supply system. Prominent among the causes of poor power quality is voltage low-frequency oscillation (VLFO). In this paper, a fuzzy-based PI (FPI) controller to optimize the performance of the traction line-side converter (TLSC) and suppress the effect of VLFO is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of China’s railway high-speed five single-phase TLSC is developed, and then the FPI control unit is designed based on specific requirements. The fuzzy antecedent and consequence rules were generated based on the expert and previous knowledge of TLSC operation. An offline simulation of the proposed control scheme under different loads and parameters is conducted to verify the designed. To validate the model, the traction power supply system (TPS) is built on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) real-time digital simulator (FPGA-RTDS), while the FPI control algorithm is load on modeling tech rapid control prototyping (RCP) real-time digital controller (RTDC). Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), and offline simulation studies between current decoupling (PI) control, sliding mode control (SMC), and the proposed control method confirms in addition to excellent dynamic performance; the proposed method can successfully suppress the effect of VLFO.

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Omar, Abeer, Dalia Yousri, Hazem A. Attia, and Dalia Allam. "A new optimal control methodology for improving MPPT based on FOINC integrated with FPI controller using AHA." Electric Power Systems Research 224 (November 2023): 109742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2023.109742.

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Rabbani, Moazzam Ali, Muhammad Bilal Qureshi, Salman A. Al Qahtani, Muhammad Mohsin Khan, and Pranavkumar Pathak. "Enhancing MPPT Performance in Partially Shaded PV Systems under Sensor Malfunctioning with Fuzzy Control." Energies 16, no. 12 (June 12, 2023): 4665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16124665.

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The shift towards sustainable energy sources is gaining momentum due to their environmental cleanliness, abundant availability, and eco-friendly characteristics. Solar energy, specifically harnessed through photovoltaic (PV) systems, emerges as a clean, abundant, and environmentally friendly alternative. However, the efficacy of PV systems is subjective depending on two critical factors: irradiance and temperature. To optimize power output, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies are essential, allowing operation at the system’s optimal point. In the presence of partial shading, the power–voltage curve exhibits multiple peaks, yet only one global maximum power point (GMPP) can be identified. Existing algorithms for GMPP tracking often encounter challenges, including overshooting during transient periods and chattering during steady states. This study proposes the utilization of fuzzy sliding mode controllers (FSMC) and fuzzy proportional-integral (FPI) control to enhance global MPPT reference tracking under partial shading conditions. Additionally, the system’s performance is evaluated considering potential sensor malfunctions. The proposed techniques ensure precise tracking of the reference voltage and maximum power in partial shading scenarios, facilitating rapid convergence, improved system stability during transitions, and reduced chattering during steady states. The usefulness of the proposed scheme is confirmed through the use of performance indices. FSMC has the lowest integral absolute error (IAE) of 946.94, followed closely by FPI (947.21), in comparison to the sliding mode controller (SMC) (1241.6) and perturb and observe (P&O) (2433.1). Similarly, in integral time absolute error (ITAE), FSMC (56.84) and FPI (57.06) excel over SMC (91.03) and P&O (635.50).

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Nayak, Smrutiranjan, Sanjeeb Kumar Kar, and Subhransu Sekhar Dash. "Combined fuzzy PID regulator for frequency regulation of smart grid and conventional power systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp12-21.

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In continually increasing area and structure of modern power system having burden demand uncertainties, the use of knowledgeable and vigorous frequency power strategy is essential for the satisfactory functioning of the Power system. A combined fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (CFPID) controller is suggested for frequency supervision of the power system. To optimize the controller parameters, a review of sine and cosine work adjusted improved whale optimization algorithm (SCiWOA) has been utilized. The next practical application of power-system frequency control is performed by designing a CFPID controller using the proposed SCiWOA technique for a smart grid system having inexhaustible sources like sun oriented, wind, photovoltaic and capacity gadgets like a battery, flywheel just as module electric vehicles. The first advantages of the SCiWOA tuned CFPID controller over hybrid-particle-swarm-optimization and pattern-search (hPSO-PS) adjusted fuzzy proportional-integral (FPI) controller, hybrid bacterial foraging optimization algorithm-particle swarm optimization (hBFOA-PSO) adjusted proportional-integral (PI) controller, genetic algorithm (GA) tuned proportional and integral (PI) controller, BFOA adjusted PI controller, jaya algoritm (JA) tuned PID with derivative filter (PIDN) controller and teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) tuned proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller are demonstrated for the two-area non-reheat thermal power system. The second advantages of the SCiWOA tuned CFPID controller over artificial-bee-colony (ABC) tuned PID controller, SOSA tuned PID controller and Firefly algorithm (FA) tuned PID controller are demonstrated for two-area reheat thermal power system. It is seen that SCiWOA based CFPID controller is more effective in controlling the recurrence comparative with PID regulator.

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Issa, Hazem, and József K. Tar. "Improvement of an Adaptive Robot Control by Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Model Identification." Mathematics 10, no. 19 (October 2, 2022): 3609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10193609.

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Model-based controllers suffer from the effects of modeling imprecisions. The analytical form of the available model often contains only approximate parameters and can be physically incomplete. The consequences of these effects can be compensated by adaptive techniques and by the improvement of the available model. Lyapunov function-based classic methods, which assume exact analytical model forms, guarantee asymptotic stability by cautious and slow parameter tuning. Fixed point iteration-based adaptive controllers can work without the exact model form but immediately yield precise trajectory tracking. They neither identify nor improve the parameters of the available model. However, any amendment of the model can improve the controller’s operation by affecting its range and speed of convergence. It is shown that even very primitive, fast, and simple versions of evolutionary computation-based methods can produce considerable improvement in their operation. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an attractive, efficient, and simple tool for model improvement. In this paper, a PSO-based model approximation technique was investigated for use in the control of a three degrees of freedom PUMA-type robot arm via numerical simulations. A fixed point iteration (FPI)-based adaptive controller was used for tracking a nominal trajectory while the PSO attempted to refine the model. It was found that the refined model still had few errors, the effects of which could not be completely neglected in the model-based control. The best practical solution seems to be the application of the same adaptive control with the use of the more precise, PSO-improved model. Apart from a preliminary study, the first attempt to combine PSO with FPI is presented here.

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Khan, Hamza, Hazem Issa, and József K. Tar. "Application of the Robust Fixed Point Iteration Method in Control of the Level of Twin Tanks Liquid." Computation 8, no. 4 (November 10, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation8040096.

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Precise control of the flow rate of fluids stored in multiple tank systems is an important task in process industries. On this reason coupled tanks are considered popular paradigms in studies because they form strongly nonlinear systems that challenges the controller designers to develop various approaches. In this paper the application of a novel, Fixed Point Iteration (FPI)-based technique is reported to control the fluid level in a “lower tank” that is fed by the egress of an “upper” one. The control signal is the ingress rate at the upper tank. Numerical simulation results obtained by the use of simple sequential Julia code with Euler integration are presented to illustrate the efficiency of this approach.

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Brahim, Dahhou, Bendjebbar Mokhtar, and Lachtar Salah. "Improvement of adaptive fuzzy control to adjust speed for a doubly fed induction motor drive (DFIM)." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp496-504.

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This paper presents the doubly fed induction motor (DFIM) speed control using adaptive fuzzy logic PI (AFLPI) controller to give better dynamic performances. Before the advent of modern technology, integral proportional based current controller is usually used due to its simplicity. But, the performance of closed-loop control is largely influenced by this type of speed and torque controllers used, as long as the PI controllers suffer from tuning problem. To overcome the problem, a new technique AFLPI based speed controller for direct field oriented control fed DFIM to get fast speed response and to minimize the torque ripple. The application of this type of control is very satisfactory to replace the conventional PI controller and, even the fuzzy logic PI (FLPI) controller. The performance of the field oriented controlled DFIM drive has simulated at different operating conditions using the AFLPI controller and the obtained results are compared with FLPI controller and conventional PI controller. Accordingly, an improvement in dynamic and robustness is clearly appears in AFLPI controller simulation results compared to the others aforementioned controllers. Simulation Results are presented for the three techniques using Matlab/Simulink to prove the dynamic performances and robustness.

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J, Nandha Gopal, and Muthu Selvan N. B. "Performance analysis of PI and Fractional order PI Controlled Quadratic Boost Converter System using MATLAB/Simulink." Bulletin of Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/bsr2018.

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The depletion in the fossil fuel and increase in global warming has shifted the focus of researchers to green alternative energy. Wind power electrical generation is one such alternative where the kinetic energy of wind power is harnessed to generate green electrical power. India, being the fourth largest wind power generator has attracted numerous researchers towards the improvement of wind energy conversion system. This paper also presents improved controller techniques for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind turbine coupled with Cascaded Quadratic Boost Converter (QBC) and Space Vector Modulation (SVM) based inverter. The digital simulation and execution of PMSG based wind turbine a long with QB Converter and SVM Inverter in a closed loop is presented. The closed loop is realized using Proportional Integral (PI) and Fractional Order Proportional Integral (FOPI) controllers. Initially, the AC power from PMSG wind turbine is converted to DC using bridge rectifier. The DC output from the rectifier is then boosted to the required level using quadratic boost converter. The output from QB converter is then fed to the SVM inverter. The closed loop investigations are carried with PI and FOPI controllers. The simulation results of both PI and FOPI controlled QBC are compared. The outcome of FOPI controller represents that the steady state error and settling time are reduced when compared to PI-controlled closed loop quadratic boost converter.

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Yousif, Salwan Y., and Mohamed J. Mohamed. "Design of Robust Fopi-Fopd Controller for Maglev System Using Particle Swarm Optimization." Engineering and Technology Journal 39, no. 4A (April 25, 2021): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i4a.1956.

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Magnetic Levitation System (MLS) is one of the benchmark laboratories models for designing and testing feedback control systems in the presence of the parametric uncertainties and disturbances effect. Therefore, the MLS can be regarded as a tool to study and verify a certain robust controller design. In this paper, two types of powerful control schemes are presented to control the MLS. The first controller is a robust PI-PD controller, while the other is a robust fractional order FOPI-FOPD controller which provides two extra degrees of freedom to the system. In both controller design procedures, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to find the best values of controller parameters subject to the time-domain objective function and H∞ constraints. All modeling processes including parameterization, optimization, and validation of the controllers are performed using MATLAB. The simulation results show that the MLS with robust FOPI-FOPD is faster and more stable than the MLS with robust classical PI-PD. Also, the proposed FOPI-FOPD controller gives far superior results than the PI-PD controller for disturbance rejection.

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Daraz, Amil, Suheel Abdullah Malik, Athar Waseem, Ahmad Taher Azar, Ihsan Ul Haq, Zahid Ullah, and Sheraz Aslam. "Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System Using FOI-TD Controller." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 5867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185867.

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Automatic Generation Control (AGC) delivers a high quality electrical energy to energy consumers using efficient and intelligent control systems ensuring nominal operating frequency and organized tie-line power deviation. Subsequently, for the AGC analysis of a two-area interconnected hydro-gas-thermal-wind generating unit, a novel Fractional Order Integral-Tilt Derivative (FOI-TD) controller is proposed that is fine-tuned by a powerful meta-heuristic optimization technique referred as Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer (I-FDO) algorithm. For more realistic analysis, various constraints, such as Boiler Dynamics (BD), Time Delay (TD), Generation Rate Constraint (GRC), and Governor Dead Zone (GDZ) having non-linear features are incorporated in the specified system model. Moreover, a comparative analysis of I-FDO algorithm is performed with state-of-the-art approaches, such as FDO, teaching learning based optimization, and particle swarm optimization algorithms. Further, the proposed I-FDO tuned controller is compared with Fractional Order Tilt Integral Derivative (FOTID), PID, and Integral-Tilt Derivative (I-TD) controllers. The performance analysis demonstrates that proposed FOI-TD controller provides better performance and show strong robustness by changing system parameters and load condition in the range of Â ± 50%, compared to other controllers.

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.., Nirmal Kumar, Manish Prateek, Neeta Singh, and Abhinav Saxena. "An Implicit Controlling of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System Controller for The Grid Connected Wind Driven PMSG System." Fusion: Practice and Applications 12, no. 2 (2023): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/fpa.120216.

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The article presents the design and control of the adaptive neuro fuzzy Inference system (ANFIS) for the wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) in the grid connected system. The rectifier and inverter are connected with the PMSG output and the grid for maintaining the voltage at the grid under variable wind operations. Such interconnections have many challenges, like high harmonics at the output and an improper voltage profile. The harmonics are measured in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD). Performance parameters like peak overshoot and settling time of DC link voltage and rotor speed have been measured. The control of the rectifier and inverter has been assessed with the ANFIS and PID controllers. A closed strategic mechanism has been developed for the ANFIS and PID controllers for improving the performance parameters and harmonics.. Finally, it is observed that the peak overshoot (%) and settling time (sec) of the DC link voltage with ANFIS are 5.2% and 2.9 sec, which are found to be less in comparison to the PID controller with the values of 6.1% and 3.8 sec and other existing methods. Similarly, the settling time (sec) of rotor speed with ANFIS is 1.1 sec, which is less than the settling time (2.6 sec) of the PID controller. Another advantage of ANFIS is the reduction of THD (%) of 5.1% with respect to THD (%) of PID controllers of 6.2% and other existing methods. The reduced THD shows the improved version of the voltage profile.

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Meneses, Helber, Orlando Arrieta, Fabrizio Padula, Antonio Visioli, and Ramon Vilanova. "FOPI/FOPID Tuning Rule Based on a Fractional Order Model for the Process." Fractal and Fractional 6, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6090478.

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This paper deals with the design of a control system based on fractional order models and fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers and fractional-order proportional-integral (FOPI) controllers. The controller design takes into account the trade-off between robustness and performance as well as the trade-off between the load disturbance rejection and set-point tracking tasks. The fractional order process model is able to represent an extensive range of dynamics, including over-damped and oscillatory behaviors and this simplifies the process modelling. The tuning of the FOPID and FOPI controllers is achieved by using an optimization, as a first step, and in a second step, several fitting functions were used to capture the behavior of the optimal parameters of the controllers. In this way, a new set of tuning rules called FOMCoRoT (Fractional Order Model and Controllers Robust Tuning) is obtained for both FOPID and FOPI controllers. Simulation examples show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy based on fractional calculus.

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Zhang, Shuo, and Lu Liu. "Normalized Robust FOPID Controller Regulation Based on Small Gain Theorem." Complexity 2018 (September 27, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5690630.

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In this paper, a normalized robust FOPID controller regulation algorithm is proposed. Only one parameter k is necessary to be tuned in the controller regulation process, so the proposed control algorithm is convenient to be applied on both fractional-order systems and integer-order systems. A robustness evaluation function is constructed based on the small gain theorem. Larger robustness evaluation function value will help the system achieve better robustness performance. Another parameter, β, is also available to serve as a tuning knob when larger robust evaluation function value is needed. Therefore, the controlled systems can be stabilized and can achieve quite satisfactory robust control performance using the proposed algorithm. The corresponding robust analysis results are obtained according to different conditions in the discussion. For a special case of widely used fractional-order systems, the FOPI and FOID controllers are presented based on the same tuning scheme together with their robustness discussion. Some examples are shown to verify the robustness of systems controlled by the proposed algorithm.

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Buljevic, Anja, Milos Miletic, Aleksandra Mitrovic, Mirna Kapetina, and Milan Rapaic. "Examples of robust controller design." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 17, no. 1 (2020): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee2001065b.

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In this paper two modern controllers are presented. These controllers should eliminate disturbance effect, handle process variations and process uncertainties. First controller that is considered is conventional Proportional - Integral (PI) controller and second one is Fractional PI (FOPI) controller. After testing both controllers on a series of simulations, performance of both control algorithms were applied on a real 3D crane system.

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Hasan, Muhannad Ali, Ahmed A. Oglah, and Mehdi J. Marie. "Packet loss compensation over wireless networked using an optimized FOPI-FOPD controller for nonlinear system." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 3176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i6.4345.

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Wireless networked control systems (WNCS) consist of an actuator, sensor, and controller communicating over wireless networks in place of traditional point-to-point wired connection. Due to their main advantages, a decrease in maintenance costs, more flexibility, and safety could be achieved. As a result, it attracted a great deal of interest, but packet losses and time delays in the wireless network through transmitting and receiving the data are considered very challenging issues, which impair the output accuracy of the WNCS and can affect the entire system stability. In this study, integer-order proportional integral-proportional derivative (PI-PD) and fractional-order PI-PD (FOPI-FOPD) controllers are proposed to reduce the effect of expected packet loss in a WNCS to improve system performance. At high packet loss percent, the PI controller is introduced to act as a compensator in the feed-forward loop to keep the system stable. MATLAB/Simulink and Truetime simulator are used to simulate the WNCS. The rotary inverted pendulum (RIP) is utilized as the object of the controllers. Grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is used to find the optimal controllers and compensator parameters. The simulation results showed that the FOPI-FOPD is superior to PI-PD in the packet loss compensation.

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Chu, Pengzi, Yi Yu, Danyang Dong, Hui Lin, and Jianjun Yuan. "NSGA-II-Based Parameter Tuning Method and GM(1,1)-Based Development of Fuzzy Immune PID Controller for Automatic Train Operation System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (March 24, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3731749.

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Automatic train operation (ATO) system is one of the important components in advanced train operation control systems. Ideal controllers are expected for the automatic driving function of ATO systems. Aiming at the intelligence requirements of the systems, an NSGA-II-based parameter tuning method for the fuzzy immune PID (FI-PID) controller and a grey model GM(1,1)-based fuzzy grey immune PID (FGI-PID) controller were proposed. Taking a maglev train’s model as the control object and a velocity-time curve as the input, the feasibility of the parameter tuning method for the FI-PID controller and the applicability of the FI-PID controller and the FGI-PID controller for the ATO system were tested. The results showed that the optimized parameters were ideal, the two controllers all showed good performance on the indicators of traceability and comfort level, and the FGI-PID controller performed better than the FI-PID controller. The results exhibited the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

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Xie, Shihao, Yun Zeng, Jing Qian, Fanjie Yang, and Youtao Li. "CPSOGSA Optimization Algorithm Driven Cascaded 3DOF-FOPID-FOPI Controller for Load Frequency Control of DFIG-Containing Interconnected Power System." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031364.

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This paper proposes a new cascaded fractional-order controller (CC-FOC) to solve the load frequency control (LFC) problem of an interconnected power system. The CC-FOC consists of a three-degree-of-freedom fractional-order proportional-integral-differential (3DOF-FOPID) controller and a fractional-order proportional-integral (FOPI) controller. Each area of the two-area interconnected power system in this study consists of a thermal unit, a hydro unit, a diesel unit, and a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The enhanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gravitational search algorithm (GSA) under the chaotic map optimization (CPSOGSA) technique are used to optimize the controller gains and parameters to enhance the load frequency control performance of the cascade controller. Moreover, simulation experiments are conducted for the interconnected power system under load perturbation and random wind speed fluctuations. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed cascaded fractional-order controller outperforms the traditional proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller and three other fractional-order controllers in terms of LFC performance. The suggested cascade controller displays strong dynamic control performance and the resilience of the cascade fractional-order controller by adjusting the load disturbance and analyzing the system characteristics.

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Hasan, Muhannad Ali, Ahmed Alaa Oglah, and Mehdi Jelo Marie. "Time delay effect reduction on the wireless networked control system using an optimized FOPI-FOPD controller." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i2.pp852-862.

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Wireless Networked Control System (WNCS) is made up of an actuator, sensor, and controller that communicates through a wireless network rather than typical point-to-point cable connections. Lower maintenance costs, greater flexibility, and increased safety are the main WNCS advantages, so as a result, it has attracted a lot of researchers. Nevertheless, time delays and packet losses in wireless data transmission are classified as complicated problems, which impair WNCS output accuracy and may influence the overall system stability. Integer-Order PI-PD (PI-PD) and Fractional-Order PI-PD (FOPI-FOPD) controllers are proposed to reduce the impact of the control signal transmission's time delay and improve system performance. Matlab Simulink and True-time simulator are used to simulate the WNCS, and ZigBee protocol is used in transceiving the control signal between the controller and the system. Rotary Inverted Pendulum (RIP) acted as the controller's objective. The Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) technique is utilized to evaluate the best controller parameters. Xbee S2 modules are used to implement the signal transmission process over ZigBee protocol. The FOPI-FOPD controller outperforms the PI-PD controller in the simulation and experimental results in decreasing the influence of time delay on system stability

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Alanis, Alma Y., Jorge D. Rios, Nancy Arana-Daniel, and Carlos Lopez-Franco. "Real-time neural control of all-terrain tracked robots with unknown dynamics and network communication delays." Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología 21, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fi.25940732e.2020.21.3.026.

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This work focuses on the design of an intelligent controller that is a considerably large challenge for cyber-physical systems. The proposed controller can deal with unknown dynamics, actuator saturation, unknown external and internal disturbances, unknown communication delays and packet losses. Such a controller is designed using a discrete-time approach based on inverse optimal control and a recurrent high-order neural network identifier. The applicability of the proposed scheme is shown through real-time results using a tracked robot platform controlled through a wireless network under different network scenarios.

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Bouderres, Nacer, Djallel Kerdoun, Abdelhak Djellad, Sofiane Chiheb, and Azzeddine Dekhane. "Optimization of Fractional Order PI Controller by PSO Algorithm Applied to a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 55, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.550401.

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With the increasing integration of renewable energies into power grids, their control and power quality are becoming the main focus of many research efforts. In a grid-connected photovoltaic system, the control strategy is necessary to efficiently use the solar energy as well as to ensure high power quality. This paper presents a study on the robustness of a Fractional Order PI controller based on the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO-FOPI) in a grid-connected PV system. The controller used was integrated into the inverter to apply voltage-oriented control (VOC). Fractional order controllers have an additional degree of freedom, so that a wider range of parameters is available to provide better control. Parameter optimization of the FOPI and classical PI controllers are performed using the PSO algorithm. The performance of the FOPI controller is compared with that of the classical PI controller. A complete study of the behavior of the grid connected PV system is tested using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show the performance and efficiency of the PSO-FOPI controller compared to the classical PI controller in terms of rapidity, stability and precision, as well as the THD reduction of the current injected to the grid for any variation of solar irradiance.

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Ko, Jae-Sub, and Dong-Hwa Chung. "Efficiency Optimization Control of IPMSM drive using SC-FNPI Controller." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 26, no. 12 (December 31, 2012): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2012.26.12.009.

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Zamee and Won. "A Novel Plant Propagation-Based Cascaded Fractional Order PI Controller for Optimal Operation of Grid-Connected Single-Stage Three-Phase Solar Photovoltaic System." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 4269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204269.

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Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters are gaining attention all over the world. The optimal controller setting is key to the successful operation of a grid-connected PV system. In this paper, a novel plant propagation algorithm-based fractional order proportional-integrator (FOPI) controller for cascaded DC link voltage and inner current control of a grid-connected PV controller has been proposed, which outperforms particle swarm optimization-based PI and elephant herding optimization-based FOPI in terms of multicriteria-based analysis. The performance of the proposed controller also has been measured in terms of total harmonic distortion to maintain the appropriate power quality. Also, the proposed controllers were tested under various solar irradiance and voltage sag conditions to show the effectiveness and robustness of the controllers. The whole system is developed in OPAL-RT using MATLAB/Simulink and RT-LAB as a machine-in-loop (MIL) system to validate the performance in real time.

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Sahu, Prakash Chandra, Ramesh Chandra Prusty, and Sidhartha Panda. "A gray wolf optimized FPD plus (1+PI) multistage controller for AGC of multisource non-linear power system." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-05-2018-0154.

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Purpose The paper has proposed to implement gray wolf optimization (GWO)-based filter-type proportional derivative with (FPD) plus (1+ proportional integral) multistage controller in a three-area integrated source-type interlinked power network for achieving automatic generation control. Design/methodology/approach For analysis, a three area interconnected power system of which each area comprises three different generating units where thermal and hydro system as common. Micro sources like wind generator, diesel generator and gas unit are integrated with area1, area2 and area3 respectively. For realization of system nonlinearity some physical constraints like generation rate constraint, governor dead band and boiler dynamics are effected in the system. Findings The supremacy of multistage controller structure over simple proportional integral (PI), proportional integral, derivative (PID) and GWO technique over genetic algorithm, differential evolution techniques has been demonstrated. A comparison is made on performances of different controllers and sensitivity analysis on settling times, overshoots and undershoots of different dynamic responses of system as well as integral based error criteria subsequent a step load perturbation (SLP). Finally, sensitive analysis has been analyzed by varying size of SLP and network parameters in range ±50 per cent from its nominal value. Originality/value Design and implementation of a robust FPD plus (1 + PI) controller for AGC of nonlinear power system. The gains of the proposed controller are optimized by the application of GWO algorithm. An investigation has been done on the dynamic performances of the suggested system by conducting a comparative analysis with conventional PID controller tuned by various optimization techniques to verify its supremacy. Establishment of the robustness and sensitiveness of the controller by varying the size and position of the SLP, varying the loading of the system randomly and varying the time constants of the system.

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Xin, Rui Hao, Chun Yang Wang, Xue Lian Liu, Ming Qiu Li, and Duan Yuan Bai. "Robust Fractional Order Proportional Integral Control for Large Time-Delay System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1614.

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In this paper, a new control method for large time delay system is proposed. Firstly, the decreasing time delay controller is used to remodel large delay time plant into small delay time plant. Then, a fractional robust proportional-integral controller (FOPI) is designed, using the phase margin and cut-off frequency at a specified point in the Bode plot of flat robust conditions, to guarantee the desired control performance and the robustness of the high order system to the gain order system. For comparison between the fractional order proportional integral controller and the traditional integer order PID (IOPID) controller, the IOPID controller is also designed following the same proposed tuning specifications. The simulation results indicates that the both designed controllers work efficiently. Furthermore, the FOPI controller makes the large time-delay system get better control effect, the system has high robustness, adaptive ability and anti-jamming ability.

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Demirtas, Metin, and Farhan Ahmad. "Fractional fuzzy PI controller using particle swarm optimization to improve power factor by boost converter." An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 13, no. 2 (July 27, 2023): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.2023.1260.

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The power circuit of AC voltage controller capable of operating at a leading, lagging, and unity power factor is studied by a lot of researchers in the literature. Circuits working with high switching frequency are known as power factor correctors (PFCs). The single-phase boost converter has become the most popular topology for power factor correction (PFC) in general purpose power supplies. Power factor correction circuit provides conventional benefits to electric power systems. The benefits are the reduction of power factor penalty and utility bill and power loss. Therefore, a boost converter power factor correction scheme is presented in this paper. A PI, fuzzy logic PI and fractional order PI (FOPI) controllers are used to fix an active shaping of input current of the circuit and to improve the power factor. The controller parameters (coefficients) are optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Average current mode control (ACMC) method is used in the circuit. The converter circuit consists of a single-phase bridge rectifier, boost converter, transformer and load. A mathematical model of the plant is required to design the PI controller. A model for power factor correction circuit is formed in MATLAB/Simulink toolbox and a filter is designed to reduce THD value. The proposed model is simulated using a combination of PI, fuzzy logic and FOPI controllers. The control scheme is applied to 600 Watt PFC boost converter to get 400 Volt DC output voltage and 0.99 power factor. The input voltage is 230 VRMS with 50 Hz. The combination of FOPI and PI controller has the best solution to control the power factor according to PI and fuzzy controllers.

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Niemann, Hans. "A model-based approach to fault-tolerant control." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-012-0005-x.

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A model-based approach to fault-tolerant controlA model-based controller architecture for Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) is presented in this paper. The controller architecture is based on a general controller parameterization. The FTC architecture consists of two main parts, a Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) part and a controller reconfiguration part. The theoretical basis for the architecture is given followed by an investigation of the single parts in the architecture. It is shown that the general controller parameterization is central in connection with both fault diagnosis as well as controller reconfiguration. Especially in relation to the controller reconfiguration part, the application of controller parameterization results in a systematic technique for switching between different controllers. This also allows controller switching using different sets of actuators and sensors.

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Yousef, Ali Mohamed, Farag K. Abo-Elyousr, Ahmed Elnozohy, Moayed Mohamed, and Saad A. Mohamed Abdelwahab. "Fractional Order PI Control in Hybrid Renewable Power Generation System to Three Phase Grid Connection." International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 470–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2020.12.3.5.

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The main objective of this paper is to allow renewable energy sources (RES) to actively participate within hybrid microgrid by proposing a new control system based on fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) controller. Fractional order proportional integral controller is a classical proportional integral (PI) in which the integral part is a fraction instead of integer numbers. The paper introduces a hybrid photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine and battery storage system connected to a three-phase grid. Three types of controller are considered and compared for a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), namely, FOPI, PI, and the fractional order integral control (FIC). For the PV resource, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller was designed using the incremental conductance plus integral regulator technique. A DC/DC boost converter was utilized to connect the renewable energy resources to a point of common coupling. MATLAB/Simulink is adopted to perform the simulation results of the developed HRES. The results show that the FOPI controller outperforms other controllers under several operating conditions. The paper also includes experimental results from a prototype real scale.

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Allende Peña, Jacobo Marcos, Salvador Antonio Rodríguez Paredes, and Bernardino Benito Salmerón Quiroz. "Control and signal filtering system for a quadcopter; analysis, comparison and implementation via low-cost IMU and microcontroller." Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fi.25940732e.2021.22.2.015.

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This work presents the development, analysis and comparison of dynamic models, to implement in a simple way a filtering and control system for a quadcopter through the use of a microcontroller. A non-linear dynamic model obtained from the Euler Lagrange equations is approached, also a simplified non-linear model from the first model and a linear model are obtained. Subsequently, making use of each model, controllers are designed using the computed torque controller technique, then, their performance index is obtained through numerical simulations applied to the complete non-linear model to compare their response. Afterward, with the various models and through observers and Kalman filters, signal filtering systems are synthesized for a low-cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), the filtering results are also compared using a performance index, later, the model and filtering system are selected to implement the controller. Finally, the selection of the model, the controller and filtering are validated through experimentation with a quadcopter prototype developed by the authors, based on an experimental platform with four rotors, a fiberglass structure, a microcontroller and an IMU MPU 6050.

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Chen, Hao, Wei Xie, Xiyang Chen, Jingang Han, Nadia Aït-Ahmed, Zhibin Zhou, Tianhao Tang, and Mohamed Benbouzid. "Fractional-Order PI Control of DFIG-Based Tidal Stream Turbine." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050309.

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This study mainly investigates the current and speed control strategies of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), which is applied to a tidal stream turbine (TST). Indeed, DFIG using integer-order PI (IOPI) controller has been widely proposed in the applications with a similar system, especially in wind energy conversion system (WECS). However, these conventional controllers cannot deal with the problems caused by the parameter variations satisfactorily under complex and harsh operation conditions, and may even deteriorate the performance. As a result, a fractional-order PI (FOPI) controller is considered to improve the efficiency and performance of DFIG-based TST in this paper. The FOPI controller, developed from the traditional IOPI controller and the fractional calculus theory, has a lot of prominent merits in many aspects, such as robustness, stability, and dynamic performance. In this paper, the proposed control strategies are embedded into the whole TST model which contains the tidal stream turbine, and the generator. The obtained simulation results demonstrate the prominent effectiveness and advantages of the proposed strategies compared with the conventional IOPI controller in terms of overshoot, static error, adjustment time, and robustness. It implies that FOPI controller could be a good candidate in TST applications.

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Nikkhah Kashani, Hoda, Reza Rouhi Ardeshiri, Meysam Gheisarnejad, and Mohammad-Hassan Khooban. "Optimal Cascade Non-Integer Controller for Shunt Active Power Filter: Real-Time Implementation." Designs 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs6020032.

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Active power filters (APFs) are used to mitigate the harmonics generated by nonlinear loads in distribution networks. Therefore, due to the increase of nonlinear loads in power systems, it is necessary to reduce current harmonics. One typical method is utilizing Shunt Active Power Filters (SAPFs). This paper proposes an outstanding controller to improve the performance of the three-phase 25-kVA SAPF. This controller can reduce the current total harmonic distortion (THD), and is called fractional order PI-fractional order PD (FOPI-FOPD) cascade controller. In this study, another qualified controller was applied, called multistage fractional order PID controller, to show the superiority of the FOPI-FOPD cascade controller to the multistage FOPID controller. Both controllers were designed based on a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The obtained results demonstrate that the steady-state response and transient characteristics achieved by the FO (PI + PD) cascade controller are superior to the ones obtained by the multistage FOPID controller. The proposed controller was able to significantly reduce the source current THD to less than 2%, which is about a 52% reduction compared to the previous work in the introduction. Finally, the studied SAPF system with the proposed cascade controller was developed in the hardware-In-the Loop (HiL) simulation for real-time examinations.

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Vu, Truong Nguyen Luan, Vo Lam Chuong, Nguyen Tam Nguyen Truong, and Jae Hak Jung. "Analytical Design of Fractional-Order PI Controller for Parallel Cascade Control Systems." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042222.

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The fractional-order proportional-integral (FOPI) controller tuning rules based on the fractional calculus for the parallel cascade control systems are systematically proposed in this paper. The modified parallel cascade control structure (PCCS) with the Smith predictor is addressed for stable, unstable, and integrating process models with time delays. Normally, the PCCS consists of three controllers, including a stabilized controller, for a class of unstable and integrating models, a disturbance rejection controller in the secondary loop, and a primary servomechanism controller. Accordingly, the ideal controller is obtained by using the internal model control (IMC) approach for the inner loop. The proportional-derivative (PD) controller is suggested for the stabilized controller and is designed based on a stability criterion. Based on the fractional calculus, the analytical tuning rules of the FOPI controller for the outer loop can be established in the frequency domain. The simulation study is considered for three mentioned cases of process models and the results demonstrate the flexibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for the PCCS in comparison with the other methods. The robustness of the proposed method is also justified by perturbed process models with ±20% of process parameters including gain, time constant, and delay time.

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Behera, Aurobindo, Subhranshu Sekhar Pati, Umamani Subudhi, Subhankar Ghatak, Tapas Kumar Panigrahi, Mohammed H. Alsharif, and Syed Mohsan. "Frequency Stability Analysis of Multi-Renewable Source System with Cascaded PDN-FOPI Controller." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 13065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013065.

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The present work describes a multi-area (two and three) renewable-energy-source-integrated thermal-hydro-wind power generation structure along with fleets of plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs) in each control area. The generation–load balance is the prime objective, so automatic generation control (AGC) is adopted in the system. In the paper, a cascaded combination of proportional derivative with filter PDN and fractional-order proportional integral (FOPI) is proposed and tuned using the hybrid chemical reaction optimization with pattern search (hCRO-PS) algorithm. The hCRO-PS algorithm is designed successfully, and its effectiveness is checked through its application to various benchmark functions. Further, Eigen value analysis is carried out for the test system to verify the system stability. The impacts of diverse step load perturbation (i.e., case I, II, III, and IV) and time-varying load perturbation are also included in the study. Moreover, the impact of renewable sources, PEVs in different areas, and varied state of charge (SOC) levels on the system dynamics are reflected in the work. From the analysis, it can be inferred that the proposed controller provides comparable results with other fractional-order and conventional controllers under varying loading conditions.

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Murtaza, Ghulam, Aamir I. Bhatti, and Yasir A. Butt. "Super twisting controller-based unified FDI and FTC scheme for air path of diesel engine using the certainty equivalence principle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 12 (October 24, 2017): 1623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017732860.

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This paper proposes a combination of higher order sliding mode and adaptive control for unified fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant control (FTC) of the air path of a diesel engine. Current diesel engines are equipped with features such as variable geometry turbochargers (VGT) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) for exhaust emission control. Since EGR and VGT systems are present in the exhaust channel, they are strongly coupled and are prone to both structured as well as unstructured faults. The proposed controller detects and estimates the structured faults by means of adaptation laws, designed by making use of the certainty equivalence principle. Fault effects are compensated by repositioning the actuators. This allows relaxation of the boundedness condition of the super twisting algorithm, as sliding mode controller gains are required to dominate the unstructured parts only, which consequently reduces chattering. A nonlinear multi-input multi-output reduced state control-oriented model has been employed for working out the FTC strategy for EGR and VGT actuators. The stability of the overall system has been analysed using the Lyapunov stability criterion. Faults and proposed controllers are simulated using a fully validated industrial scale diesel engine model to establish the effectiveness of the algorithm.

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Babu, Naladi Ram, Sanjeev Kumar Bhagat, Tirumalasetty Chiranjeevi, Mukesh Pushkarna, Arindita Saha, Hossam Kotb, Kareem M. AboRas, et al. "Frequency Control of a Realistic Dish Stirling Solar Thermal System and Accurate HVDC Models Using a Cascaded FOPI-IDDN-Based Crow Search Algorithm." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (August 5, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9976375.

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Unbalancing the real power in power system leads to fluctuation in system frequency which can cause the several negative effects on the performance and reliability of the interconnected power system. Therefore, to deal with this, the load frequency control (LFC) of a three-area asymmetric thermal power system integrated with a solar thermal power plant (STPP), a realistic dish-stirling solar thermal system (DSTS), and an accurate high voltage direct current (HVDC) link are presented in this work. For the suggested system, a novel cascade controller called fractional-order proportional-integral and integral-double-derivative with filter (FOPI-IDDN) is designed. By minimising a newly proposed performance index called the HPA-ISE and adjusting the controller and other system model parameters using a metaheuristic method called the crow search algorithm (CS). When comparing the system dynamics, it was found that the suggested FOPI-IDDN controller outperformed the FOPI, PIDN, and FOPIDN controllers. The findings of this study show that HPA-ISE shows approximately 30% and 60% improvements in settling time (ST) and peak overshoots (POS) for frequency response, and 32% and 18% improvements for the tie power responses in terms of ST and POS over ISE criteria. Also, studies on different area capacity ratios have shown that a system connected to a greater capacity ratio operates better. The realistic DSTS system with fixed and recurring insolation in area 1 and area 2 outperforms the others, according to experiments using different DSTS insolation. Also, it is discovered that the parallel AC-AHVDC link study is superior to the AC and HVDC connection research. Moreover, it seems from the sensitivity study that the CS-optimized FOPI-IDDN controller improvements obtained under normal settings are consistent across a wide range of changes.

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A., Immanuel, Challa Babu, Sudheer P., Pavan Kumar Naidu R., and Nageswara Rao Atyam. "Adaptive FPA Algorithm based OPF with Unified Power Flow Controller." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web 9, no. 40 (October 12, 2022): e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/ew.v9i40.150.

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In this work a novel modified flower pollination algorithm has been developed to solve the problem of single and multi-objective Optimal Power Flow operations for Unified power Flow Controller in Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems. In the proposed Adaptive Flower Pollination Algorithm the best initial solution can be chosen from the fittest and also the weights are adaptively adjusted to get better convergence characteristics. The nature of the objective functions is non-linear and difficult to get best possible solutions within the boundary conditions of total power demand. The weak nodes are determined in the system to locate the UPFC with Fuzzy approach considering input parameters as L-Index and voltage magnitudes. The projected method is validated using IEEE-30 and IEEE-57 bus systems for three objective functions, namely, system real power loss minimization, fuel cost minimization and the combination of total generating cost and system real power loss. Results of Fuzzy- Adaptive Flower Pollination Algorithm based OPF optimization for UPFC produced optimum results for the considered objectives of total fuel cost, real power loss and for the multiobjective.

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Rakhshani, Elyas, Arcadio Perilla, Jose L. Rueda Torres, Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, Thiago Batista Soeiro, and Mart A. M. M. Van Der Meijden. "FAPI Controller for Frequency Support in Low-Inertia Power Systems." IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy 7 (2020): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oajpe.2020.3010224.

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Kanev, Stoyan, and Michel Verhaegen. "Controller reconfiguration in the presence of uncertainty in the FDI." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 36, no. 5 (June 2003): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)36484-4.

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Kumar, Mano Ranjan, and Subhojit Ghosh. "Hybrid Optimization Based FOPI Controller Design with Real-Time Validation." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 1 (2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.05.014.

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Jiangbo, Zhao, and Wang Junzheng. "The fractional order PI control for an energy saving electro-hydraulic system." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 39, no. 4 (October 30, 2015): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331215610184.

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In an electro-hydraulic system (EHS), the throttling phenomenon of the hydraulic valve leads to the problem of low utilization efficiency of hydraulic energy and severe increases in temperature. To alleviate this problem, this paper presents a type of one-chamber-controlled hydraulic circuit. In some applications where elastic load is dominant, this hydraulic circuit can achieve a significant energy-saving effect. For a valve-controlled system, the orifice non-linearity and the slowly varying parameter significantly influence the control performance of the electro-hydraulic system. With this aim in mind, the orifice compensation method is proposed to deal with the orifice non-linearity. Based on the compensation, the fractional order proportional–integral (FOPI) controller is adopted to deal with the problem of fluid parameter variation. In the controller designing process, this paper proposes a controller parameter tuning method based on system frequency characteristic data. Simulation and experiment results show that the strategy presented in this paper can reduce the energy losses dramatically and, at the same time, the control performance of electro-hydraulic system can be guaranteed.

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Shaolin, Hu, Sun Guoji, Ouyang Huajiang, and Chen Rushan. "FDI algorithms of abrupt faults in controlled autoregressive processes." International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 1, no. 2 (June 6, 2008): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17563780810874762.

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47

Hussain, Israfil, Dulal Chandra Das, Nidul Sinha, Abdul Latif, S. M. Suhail Hussain, and Taha Selim Ustun. "Performance Assessment of an Islanded Hybrid Power System with Different Storage Combinations Using an FPA-Tuned Two-Degree-of-Freedom (2DOF) Controller." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 5610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215610.

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During the past few decades, there has been significant growth in the renewable energy market because of increased concern over global warming and the continuous depletion of fossil fuel resources. There is a promising solar thermal technology that utilizes low-temperature heat to generate electricity. The conversion process of thermal energy to electricity is based on the principle of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). This study investigated a novel islanded hybrid power system consisting of an ORC low temperature solar thermal system, wind (WTG), diesel generation (DEG) set, and combined application of an energy storage system (ESS), such as a battery (BESS), super magnetic energy storage (SMES), and an ultracapacitor (UC) unit. Furthermore, the hybrid system was employed with a single controller (one of proportional-integral (PI), PI with derivative (PID), two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) PI, and 2DOF PID controllers) with proportionate gains to the DEG, and the ESS, which is another unique aspect of this work. Moreover, a comparative performance assessment of the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) to tune the PI, PID, 2DOF PI, and 2DOF PID controllers was carried out. Finally, the performance of the above hybrid system was compared with different ESS combinations, namely, (i) only BESS, (ii) BESS + UC, and (iii) BESS + SMES. The simulation results indicated that a renewable integrated isolated power system with BESS + SMES provided a better response than the other ESS combinations. In fact, the presence of comparative dynamic responses verified the superiority of an FPA-tuned 2DOF PID compared with other FPA-tuned controllers.

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Muñoz, Jorge, Francesco Piqué, Concepción A. Monje, and Egidio Falotico. "Robust Fractional-Order Control Using a Decoupled Pitch and Roll Actuation Strategy for the I-Support Soft Robot." Mathematics 9, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9070702.

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Tip control is a current open issue in soft robotics; therefore, it has received a good amount of attention in recent years. The desirable soft characteristics of these robots turn a well-solved problem in classic robotics, like the end-effector kinematics and dynamics, into a challenging problem. The high redundancy condition of these robots hinders classical solutions, resulting in controllers with very high computational costs. In this paper, a simplification is proposed in the actuation setup of the I-Support soft robot, allowing the use of simple strategies for tip inclination control. In order to verify the proposed approach, inclination step input and trajectory-tracking experiments were performed on a single module of the I-Support robot, resulting in zero output error in all cases, including those where the system was exposed to disturbances. The comparative results of the proposed controllers, a proportional integral derivative (PID) and a fractional order robust (FOPI) controller, validate the feasibility of the proposed approach, showing a clear advantage in the use of the fractional robust controller for the tip inclination control of the I-Support robot compared to the integer order controller.

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Padiachy, Vadan, and Utkal Mehta. "Novel Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral Controller for Hybrid Power System with Solar Grid and Reheated Thermal Generator." Solar 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 298–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solar3020018.

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This paper presents a new fractional-order proportional-integral, (PI)λ (FO[PI]) type structure to investigate the load frequency control (LFC) problem. In the literature, some controllers’ extensive tuning options may slow or complicate the optimization process. Due to the intricacy of the tuning, even if there are fewer tuning parameters, a robust structure can be obtained. The (PI)λ structure deviates from the standard FOPI, integer PID, or PI-PD controllers with the same or fewer tuning parameters. The efficacy of a tri-parametric fractional-order controller is examined on a two-area interconnected hybrid power system comprising a photovoltaic (PV) grid and a Reheated Thermal Generator (RTG). In order to obtain optimal performance with lower control efforts, a novel dual-performance index is developed for the LFC problem. Various analyses are also proven to perform better than other optimized controllers from the recent literature. The presented scheme is significantly robust to disturbance interruptions, non-linearities, and parameter perturbations. It is also observed that there are no stability issues due to communication time delays. It is highlighted that the improvement can be obtained without adding complex structure or controller parameters.

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尹, 延松. "Research on VIENNA Rectifier Based on FPID Controller Optimized by GA Algorithm." Journal of Electrical Engineering 04, no. 02 (2016): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jee.2016.42015.

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