Статті в журналах: "Foundation plant species"

1

Ellison, Aaron, Hannah Buckley, Bradley Case, Dairon Cardenas, Álvaro Duque, James Lutz, Jonathan Myers, David Orwig, and Jess Zimmerman. "Species Diversity Associated with Foundation Species in Temperate and Tropical Forests." Forests 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020128.

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Foundation species define and structure ecological communities but are difficult to identify before they are declining. Yet, their defining role in ecosystems suggests they should be a high priority for protection and management while they are still common and abundant. We used comparative analyses of six large forest dynamics plots spanning a temperate-to-tropical gradient in the Western Hemisphere to identify statistical “fingerprints” of potential foundation species based on their size-frequency and abundance-diameter distributions, and their spatial association with five measures of diversity of associated woody plant species. Potential foundation species are outliers from the common “reverse-J” size-frequency distribution, and have negative effects on alpha diversity and positive effects on beta diversity at most spatial lags and directions. Potential foundation species also are more likely in temperate forests, but foundational species groups may occur in tropical forests. As foundation species (or species groups) decline, associated landscape-scale (beta) diversity is likely to decline along with them. Preservation of this component of biodiversity may be the most important consequence of protecting foundation species while they are still common.

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Valdesolo, Tommaso, Silvia Del Vecchio, and Gabriella Buffa. "Patterns of Seed Dispersal in Coastal Dune Plant Communities." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 10983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710983.

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Seed dispersal is a key determinant of species distribution, although it is still unclear how it contributes to species assembly in plant communities. We linked patterns of seed dispersal to coexisting species to investigate the role of dispersal in the species assembly process. We focused on 19 species coexisting in a foredune plant community, classified as “foredune foundation species”, “semi-fixed dune species,” and “alien species”. The number of seeds dispersed by the 19 species was monitored monthly in 25 plots for 12 months. Then we compared both dispersal strategies and dispersal phenology among the species. Foredune foundation species, species of the semi-fixed dune, and alien species used the same dispersal strategies, with the exception of hemerochory, which was prevalently used by alien species. The three groups of species differentiated the dispersal season: semi-fixed dune species and alien species were early and late dispersers, respectively (spring vs. late summer), while foredune foundation species dispersed seeds in summer. Seasonal differentiation in seed dispersal may play a more important role in the species assembly process than dispersal vectors. Shifts in seasonality due to climate change may influence the timing of seed dispersal and provide species with different colonization opportunities.

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Lucero, Jacob E., Taylor Noble, Stephanie Haas, Michael Westphal, H. Scott Butterfield, and Christopher J. Lortie. "The dark side of facilitation: native shrubs facilitate exotic annuals more strongly than native annuals." NeoBiota 44 (April 5, 2019): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.44.33771.

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Positive interactions enhance biodiversity and ecosystem function, but can also exacerbate biological invasions. Facilitation of exotic invaders by exotic foundation species (invasional meltdown) has been studied extensively, but facilitation of exotic invaders by native foundation species has attracted less attention. Specifically, very few studies have examined the extent that native foundation species facilitate native and exotic competitors. Understanding the processes that mediate interactions between native and exotic species can help explain, predict, and improve management of biological invasions. Here, we examined the effects of native foundation shrubs on the relative abundance of the annual plant community – including native and exotic taxa – from 2015–2018 in a desert ecosystem at Carrizo Plain National Monument, California, USA (elevation: 723 m). Shrub effects varied by year and by the identity of annual species, but shrubs consistently enhanced the abundance of the annual plant community and facilitated both native (n=17 species) and exotic (n=4 species) taxa. However, at the provenance level, exotic annuals were facilitated 2.75 times stronger in abundance than native annuals, and exotic annuals were always more abundant than natives both near and away from shrubs. Our study reaffirms facilitation as an important process in the organisation of plant communities and confirms that both native and exotic species can form positive associations with native foundation species. However, facilitation by native foundation species can exacerbate biological invasions by increasing the local abundance of exotic invaders. Thus, the force of facilitation can have a dark side relevant to ecosystem function and management.

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4

Zerebecki, RA, AR Hughes, J. Goff, TC Hanley, W. Scheffel, and KL Heck Jr. "Effect of foundation species composition and oil exposure on wetland communities across multiple trophic levels." Marine Ecology Progress Series 662 (March 18, 2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13624.

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Climate-driven range shifts can result in altered mixtures of foundation species that can affect ecosystem structure and function. Higher diversity mixed assemblages may moderate disturbance impacts, yet this prediction has rarely been tested. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill provided an opportunity to examine the effects of salt marsh foundation species identity and composition on the response of both plant and faunal communities to oil disturbance. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, salt marshes are typically dominated by the foundation species smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. However, the sub-tropical black mangrove, Avicennia germinans, is expanding northward and increasingly growing with, and even replacing, Spartina. Based on a series of field surveys in the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, we found that oil exposure had few impacts on the plant community 5 yr post-oiling, though oil disturbance shifted the interaction among foundation species, increasing Avicennia’s competitive advantage and likely enhancing mangrove expansion. In contrast, abundance of the epibenthic animal community was reduced by ~30% and community composition was altered at oiled sites. Mixed foundation species assemblages provided few reductions in oil impacts within either trophic level. Strong habitat associations of epibenthic taxa, coupled with oil effects on individual foundation species, likely suppressed any advantage of mixed vegetation on the associated fauna. Our survey highlights that plant and epibenthic animal responses to disturbance can be decoupled, emphasizing the importance of examining both simultaneously to better understand and predict long-term responses.

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5

Mukherjee, Swarnali, Rudra Prasad Das, Soumyajit Banerjee, Parthiba Basu, Goutam K. Saha, and Gautam Aditya. "Correspondence of butterfly and host plant diversity: foundation for habitat restoration and conservation." European Journal of Ecology 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eje-2019-0007.

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Abstract At a spatial scale, the diversity of butterflies varies with numerous factors including the availability of the host plant species. In parity with this proposition, the correspondence of diversity of butterfly and plant in the background of the urban–rural gradient was evaluated using Kolkata, India, as a model study area. The results reveal significant positive correlation between the diversity of butterflies and the plants, with the different values for the suburban, rural, and urban areas. Identification of the butterfly loads for the plants in the respective areas can be useful in enhancing the conservation of the butterflies through enhanced plantation of the concerned plant species. Alternatively, the disclosure of the generalist and specialist pattern of the plant species preference by the butterflies may be useful in enhancing the population of the respective species in the concerned areas. The conservation strategy for butterfly species may be refined through the use of both or any one of the quantitative assessment of the butterfly–plant links in the urban–rural gradient in Kolkata, India, and similar places in the world.

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6

Bell, Kristian J., Tim S. Doherty, and Don A. Driscoll. "Predators, prey or temperature? Mechanisms driving niche use of a foundation plant species by specialist lizards." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1947 (March 31, 2021): 20202633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2633.

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Foundation species interact strongly with other species to profoundly influence communities, such as by providing food, refuge from predators or beneficial microclimates. We tested relative support for these mechanisms using spinifex grass ( Triodia spp.), which is a foundation species of arid Australia that provides habitat for diverse lizard communities. We first compared the attributes of live and dead spinifex, bare ground and a structurally similar plant ( Lomandra effusa ), and then tested the relative strength of association of two spinifex specialist lizard species ( Ctenophorus spinodomus and Ctenotus atlas ) with spinifex using a mesocosm experiment. Temperatures were coolest within spinifex compared to bare ground and Lomandra. Invertebrate abundance and the threat of predation were indistinguishable between treatments, suggesting temperature attenuation may be a more important driver. Overall, the dragon C. spinodomus preferred live over dead spinifex, while the skink C. atlas preferred dead spinifex, particularly at warmer air temperatures. However, both species displayed individual variability in their use of available microhabitats, with some individuals rarely using spinifex. Our results provide an example of temperature attenuation by a foundation species driving niche use by ectothermic animals.

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7

Lamit, L. J., T. Wojtowicz, Z. Kovacs, S. C. Wooley, M. Zinkgraf, T. G. Whitham, R. L. Lindroth, and C. A. Gehring. "Hybridization among foundation tree species influences the structure of associated understory plant communities." Botany 89, no. 3 (March 2011): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-006.

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Understanding how genetic identity influences community structure is a major focus in evolutionary ecology, yet few studies examine interactions among organisms in the same trophic level within this context. In a common garden containing trees from a hybrid system (Populus fremontii S. Wats. × Populus angustifolia James), we tested the hypothesis that the structure of establishing understory plant communities is influenced by genetic differences among trees and explored foliar condensed tannins (CTs) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as mechanisms. Several findings support our hypothesis: (i) Understory biomass and cover increase along the genetic gradient from P. angustifolia to P. fremontii. (ii) Along the same hybridization gradient, species richness decreases and species composition shifts. (iii) Populus foliar CT concentrations and PAR decrease from P. angustifolia to P. fremontii. (iv) Understory species richness increases with foliar CTs; however, biomass, cover, and composition show no relationship with CTs, and no understory variables correlate with PAR. (v) Structural equation modeling suggests that foliar CTs are a primary mechanism linking overstory tree genetics with understory richness. Using an experimental system dominated by naturally colonizing exotic species, this study demonstrates that a genetic gradient created by tree hybridization can influence understory plants.

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8

Gavilán, R. G., and R. M. Callaway. "Effects of foundation species above and below tree line." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 151, no. 4 (July 14, 2016): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2016.1200687.

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9

Gagnon, Karine, Eli Rinde, Elizabeth G. T. Bengil, Laura Carugati, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen, Roberto Danovaro, Cristina Gambi, et al. "Facilitating foundation species: The potential for plant–bivalve interactions to improve habitat restoration success." Journal of Applied Ecology 57, no. 6 (April 6, 2020): 1161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13605.

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10

Travis, Steven E., and C. Edward Proffitt. "Genotypic interactions limit growth and stimulate flowering in a salt marsh foundation plant species." Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 18 (February 2016): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2016.01.002.

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11

Pence, Valerie C., and Emily Beckman Bruns. "The Tip of the Iceberg: Cryopreservation Needs for Meeting the Challenge of Exceptional Plant Conservation." Plants 11, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11121528.

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Cryopreservation is increasingly important as a conservation tool, particularly for threatened exceptional species. The goal of this study was to investigate the current knowledge of plant cryopreservation through a search of the literature in Web of Science and align that with the 775 species currently identified on the Working List of Exceptional Plants. While there is a good foundation in plant cryopreservation research, particularly with economically important species, there are significant gaps in research on families that contain the largest numbers of currently known exceptional species, including the Dipterocarpaceae, Rhizophoraceae, and Pittosporaceae. Even families well represented in both in the literature and on the List of Exceptional Plants had much less overlap at the level of genus. Tropical trees, a significant portion of exceptional species, were not as well represented in the literature as herbaceous species. Over 70% of all articles dealt with in vitro cryopreservation, with much less emphasis on other methods (seed, embryo, dormant bud, and pollen) that will be more cost-effective for species where they can be applied. While the research on plant cryopreservation to date provides a strong foundation and is being utilized effectively for conserving the diversity of a number of economically important species, this study revealed significant gaps that can help prioritize future research to more effectively conserve the diversity of threatened exceptional species.

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12

Nic Lughadha, E., J. Baillie, W. Barthlott, N. A. Brummitt, M. R. Cheek, A. Farjon, R. Govaerts, et al. "Measuring the fate of plant diversity: towards a foundation for future monitoring and opportunities for urgent action." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1454 (February 28, 2005): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1596.

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Vascular plants are often considered to be among the better known large groups of organisms, but gaps in the available baseline data are extensive, and recent estimates of total known (described) seed plant species range from 200 000 to 422 000. Of these, global assessments of conservation status using International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria are available for only approximately 10 000 species. In response to recommendations from the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to develop biodiversity indicators based on changes in the status of threatened species, and trends in the abundance and distribution of selected species, we examine how existing data, in combination with limited new data collection, can be used to maximum effect. We argue that future work should produce Red List Indices based on a representative subset of plant species so that the limited resources currently available are directed towards redressing taxonomic and geographical biases apparent in existing datasets. Sampling the data held in the world's major herbaria, in combination with Geographical Information Systems techniques, can produce preliminary conservation assessments and help to direct selective survey work using existing field networks to verify distributions and gather population data. Such data can also be used to backcast threats and potential distributions through time. We outline an approach that could result in: (i) preliminary assessments of the conservation status of tens of thousands of species not previously assessed, (ii) significant enhancements in the coverage and representation of plant species on the IUCN Red List, and (iii) repeat and/or retrospective assessments for a significant proportion of these. This would result in more robust Sampled Red List Indices that can be defended as more representative of plant diversity as a whole; and eventually, comprehensive assessments at species level for one or more major families of angiosperms. The combined results would allow scientifically defensible generalizations about the current status of plant diversity by 2010 as well as tentative comments on trends. Together with other efforts already underway, this approach would establish a firmer basis for ongoing monitoring of the status of plant diversity beyond 2010 and a basis for comparison with the trend data available for vertebrates.

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Roka, Bhupen, Alankar K. Jha, and Dhani Raj Chhetri. "A study on plant preferences of red panda (Ailurus fulgens) in the wild habitat: foundation for the conservation of the species." Acta Biologica Sibirica 7 (December 8, 2021): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/abs.7.e71816.

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The red panda is a lesser carnivore that has adapted to the herbivore diet and is distributed in the Himalayan and Hengduan mountain ranges. The study conducted on red panda in Singalila National Park recorded the highest encounter of the species within the altitude of 2800 to 3200 meters in the broad leaf deciduous and broad leaf coniferous forest. 22.22% of direct sightings of red pandas occurred on plant species belonging to the family Fagaceae and were followed by the family Ericaceae (18.52%). The plant species mostly preferred by the red panda in Singalila National Park were Lithocarpus pachyphyllus, Rhododendron arboreum, Abies densa, and Betulia utilis. During all seasons, the dominant plants found in the red panda pellets were Arundinaria maling and Arundinaria aristata.  The distribution of the red panda is influenced by the presence of the preferred plant species, therefore, through this studies effort has been made to document the plant species used by the red panda in the wild habitat.

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14

Zamora, Regino, Alba Lázaro‐González, and José A. Hódar. "Secondary foundation species foster novel plant–animal interactions in the forest canopy: evidence from mistletoe." Insect Conservation and Diversity 13, no. 5 (June 25, 2020): 470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/icad.12428.

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Cusseddu, Valentina, Giulia Ceccherelli, and Mark Bertness. "Hierarchical organization of a Sardinian sand dune plant community." PeerJ 4 (July 12, 2016): e2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2199.

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Coastal sand dunes have attracted the attention of plant ecologists for over a century, but they have largely relied on correlations to explain dune plant community organization. We examined long-standing hypotheses experimentally that sand binding, inter-specific interactions, abiotic factors and seedling recruitment are drivers of sand dune plant community structure in Sardinia, Italy. Removing foundation species from the fore-, middle- and back-dune habitats over three years led to erosion and habitat loss on the fore-dune and limited plant recovery that increased with dune elevation. Reciprocal species removals in all zones suggested that inter-specific competition is common, but that dominance is transient, particularly due to sand burial disturbance in the middle-dune. A fully factorial 2-year manipulation of water, nutrient availability and substrate stability revealed no significant proximate response to these physical factors in any dune zone. In the fore- and middle-dune, plant seeds are trapped under adult plants during seed germination, and seedling survivorship and growth generally increase with dune height in spite of increased herbivory in the back-dune. Sand and seed erosion leads to limited seed recruitment on the fore-dune while high summer temperatures and preemption of space lead to competitive dominance of woody plants in the back-dune. Our results suggest that Sardinian sand dune plant communities are organized hierarchically, structured by sand binding foundation species on the fore-dune, sand burial in the middle-dune and increasingly successful seedling recruitment, growth and competitive dominance in the back-dune.

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16

Shuvar, I., H. Korpita, I. Dudar, and H. Lipińska. "COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF INVASIVE WEED SPECIES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PHYTOCENOSE BIODIVERSITY." Bulletin of Lviv National Environmental University: Agronomy, no. 26 (November 22, 2022): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2022.26.063.

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The global threat from the spread of invasive plant species leads to an imbalance of plant living conditions in the agrocenosis and depletion / destruction of biodiversity. Ukrainian scientists are conducting a research on the impact of alien species of flora in the context of environmental threats to phytoinvasions. Invasive plants are especially dangerous both for the integrity of natural ecosystems and for various areas of economic activity. Invasive plant species cause significant damage to agriculture, forestry and water management, nature reserve areas. Less common invasive plant species create one of the biggest environmental problems in the world. This is a scientifically proven fact, which is legally reflected both in international conventions and in the legislation of individual countries. The foundation of an ecosystem is made by its flora. Therefore, invasive plant species are a blow to its foundation. If climatic conditions are suitable for invasive plants, they have a huge competitive advantage over native species, as they have no or limited natural enemies/consumers and diseases in the local ecosystem that could deter their spread. Therefore, they simply squeeze out local species from the territories, dooming them to extinction. The extinction of native plant species leads to extinction of native species of animals, fungi and many microorganisms that have built ties with the aboriginal flora for thousands or millions of years. They are directly dependent on it and are organically interconnected. That is why the invasion of an alien species does not increase the number and activity of local biodiversity, but, on the contrary, leads to the death of a significant number of species of flora and fauna dominated by only one or more species of invasive plants. In Ukraine, the impact of non-native plants on the environment is growing every year. In terms of Adventist flora, Ukraine ranks first among other flora in the world. The spontaneous fraction of adventive flora of Ukraine has 830 species of vascular plants (including 18 % – archeophytes and 82 % – kenophytes), which is about 14 % of the total flora of the country, which has more than 6,000 species of vascular plants (including all aboriginal and adventitious species), as well as the main cultivated and wild plants.

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Wood, John R. I., Pablo Muñoz-Rodríguez, Bethany R. M. Williams, and Robert W. Scotland. "A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World." PhytoKeys 143 (March 16, 2020): 1–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.143.32821.

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A monograph of the 425 New World species of Ipomoea is presented. All 425 species are described and information is provided on their ecology and distribution, with citations from all countries from which they are reported. Notes are provided on salient characteristics and taxonomic issues related to individual species. A full synonymy is provided and 272 names are lectotypified. An extensive introduction discusses the delimitation and history of Ipomoea arguing that a broad generic concept is the only rational solution in the light of recent phylogenetic advances. Although no formal infrageneric classification is proposed, attention is drawn to the major clades of the genus and several morphologically well-defined clades are discussed including those traditionally treated under the names Arborescens, Batatas, Pharbitis, Calonyction and Quamoclit, sometimes as distinct genera, subgenera, sections or series. Identification keys are provided on a regional basis including multi-entry keys for the main continental blocks. Six species are described as new, Ipomoea nivea J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Peru, I. apodiensis J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Brazil, I. calcicola J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. pochutlensis J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. zacatecana J.R.I. Wood & Scotland and I. ramulosa J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Mexico, while var. australis of I. cordatotriloba is raised to specific status as I. australis (O’Donell) J.R.I. Wood & P. Muñoz. New subspecies for I. nitida (subsp. krapovickasii J.R.I. Wood & Scotland) and for I. chenopodiifolia (subsp. bellator J.R.I. Wood & Scotland) are described. The status of previously recognized species and varieties is changed so the following new subspecies are recognized: I. amnicola subsp. chiliantha (Hallier f.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. chenopodiifolia subsp. signata (House) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. collina (House) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. austromexicana (J.A. McDonald) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. novogaliciana (J.A. McDonald) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. pavonii (Hallier f.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. melanotricha (Brandegee) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. sepacuitensis (Donn. Sm.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. ternifolia subsp. leptotoma (Torr.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland. Ipomoea angustata and I. subincana are treated as var. angustata (Brandegee) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland and var. subincana (Choisy) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland of I. barbatisepala and I. brasiliana respectively. Attention is drawn to a number of hitherto poorly recognized phenomena in the genus including a very large radiation centred on the Parana region of South America and another on the Caribbean Islands, a strong trend towards an amphitropical distribution in the New World, the existence of a relatively large number of species with a pantropical distribution and of many species in different clades with storage roots, most of which have never been evaluated for economic purposes. The treatment is illustrated with over 200 figures composed of line drawings and photographs.

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Lu, Yongzhong, and Xiaoyun Yang. "Computational Identification of Novel MicroRNAs and Their Targets inVigna unguiculata." Comparative and Functional Genomics 2010 (2010): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/128297.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, noncoding, short RNAs directly involved in regulating gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. High conservation of miRNAs in plant provides the foundation for identification of new miRNAs in other plant species through homology alignment. Here, previous known plant miRNAs were BLASTed against the Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) and Genomic Survey Sequence (GSS) databases ofVigna unguiculata, and according to a series of filtering criteria, a total of 47 miRNAs belonging to 13 miRNA families were identified, and 30 potential target genes of them were subsequently predicted, most of which seemed to encode transcription factors or enzymes participating in regulation of development, growth, metabolism, and other physiological processes. Overall, our findings lay the foundation for further researches of miRNAs function inVigna unguiculata.

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Sthultz, Christopher M., Thomas G. Whitham, Karla Kennedy, Ron Deckert, and Catherine A. Gehring. "Genetically based susceptibility to herbivory influences the ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of a foundation tree species." New Phytologist 184, no. 3 (November 2009): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03016.x.

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Kikvidze, Zaal, Robin W. Brooker, Bradley J. Butterfield, Ragan M. Callaway, Lohengrin A. Cavieres, Bradley J. Cook, Christopher J. Lortie, et al. "The effects of foundation species on community assembly: a global study on alpine cushion plant communities." Ecology 96, no. 8 (August 2015): 2064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-2443.1.

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Barker, Hilary L., Liza M. Holeski, and Richard L. Lindroth. "Genotypic variation in plant traits shapes herbivorous insect and ant communities on a foundation tree species." PLOS ONE 13, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): e0200954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200954.

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22

Hughes, A. Randall, Althea F. P. Moore, and Catherine Gehring. "Plant response to fungal root endophytes varies by host genotype in the foundation species Spartina alterniflora." American Journal of Botany 107, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 1645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1573.

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23

Wojtowicz, Todd, Zacchaeus G. Compson, Louis J. Lamit, Thomas G. Whitham, and Catherine A. Gehring. "Plant genetic identity of foundation tree species and their hybrids affects a litter-dwelling generalist predator." Oecologia 176, no. 3 (September 11, 2014): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2998-3.

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Yamada, Susumu, Masayuki Nemoto, and Toshiya Okuro. "Season and plant life history stage in revegetation influence competition of foundation species, subordinate species, and weeds in a reclaimed grassland." Ecological Engineering 162 (April 2021): 106178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106178.

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Barrett, Spencer C. H., Sarah B. Yakimowski, David L. Field, and Melinda Pickup. "Ecological genetics of sex ratios in plant populations." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1552 (August 27, 2010): 2549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0002.

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In many angiosperm species, populations are reproductively subdivided into distinct sexual morphs including females, males and hermaphrodites. Sexual polymorphism is maintained by frequency-dependent selection, leading to predictable sex ratios at equilibrium. Charles Darwin devoted much of his book ‘ The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species ’ (1877) to investigating plant sexual polymorphisms and laid the foundation for many problems addressed today by integrating theory with empirical studies of the demography and genetics of populations. Here, we summarize our recent work on the ecological and genetic mechanisms influencing variation in sex ratios and their implications for evolutionary transitions among sexual systems. We present the results of a survey of sex ratios from 126 species from 47 angiosperm families and then address two general problems using examples from diverse angiosperm taxa: (i) the mechanisms governing biased sex ratios in dioecious species; (ii) the origins and maintenance of populations composed of females, males and hermaphrodites. Several themes are emphasized, including the importance of non-equilibrium conditions, the role of life history and demography in affecting sex ratios, the value of theory for modelling the dynamics of sex ratio variation, and the utility of genetic markers for investigating evolutionary processes in sexually polymorphic plant populations.

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Roy, Islam. "The Role of NGOs Activities with forest conservation for sustainable development: Experiences from Bangladesh." Studies in Humanities and Education 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/she.v1i1.70.

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In Bangladesh, many NGOs have been launched with involving local people in managing livelihood enhancement with forest resource conservation for sustainable development. The study was conducted to assess the capability of NGOs ongoing programs towards species richness and biodiversity conservation in a sustainable way of rural households in Chattogram and Moulavibazar covered by evergreen and semi-evergreen forest area, Tangail and Sherpur covered by Sal forest area and Satkhira covered by Mangrove forest area during 2014 to 2019. Data were collected from 330 IGA participating forest-dependent farmers, who were the member of different NGOs viz. World Vision Bangladesh, Arannyak Foundation, Caritas Bangladesh, Bangladesh Pallidaridro Foundation, and BRAC. The assessment was done using multistage random sampling. A total of 131 plant species were identified adjacent twenty villages of evergreen and semi-evergreen forest, Sal forest and Mangrove forest areas of which 43 species were fruit-producing, 41 timber species, 29 fuelwood and ornamental species, 18 medicinal and species of spices. Most of the farmers (33%) preferred to plant fruit tree species for future plantation followed by timber species (31%). Diversity and abundance of fruit species were found higher in all homestead. Seven livestock, seven poultry, and two pet animal species were recorded. A total of 46 species of cultured fish species were recorded. Besides, analysis of existing management period indicates that farmers lack scientific information, almost every household presently follows traditional management systems. Finally, a homestead forest management plan, conservation of homestead species diversity through scientific management and obtaining training and support from government and NGOs, was found highly demandable by this study.

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Gonçalves, Thamyres Sabrina, and Maria das Dores Magalhães Veloso. "The research effort on seeds of plant species native to the brazilian flora." Bioscience Journal 38 (September 23, 2022): e38081. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-55923.

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The study performed a checklist of publications on species with available seed information and identified their issues and volumes. These publications occurred during the existence of the online versions of Revista Brasileira de Sementes (Brazilian Journal of Seeds) and the Journal of Seed Science. This data survey intends to represent a foundation for other studies and contribute to the knowledge of native plant species in Brazil. The search focused on the seeds of plants native to Brazil, indicating high negligence regarding the knowledge of Brazilian biodiversity because of the total number of articles published in 33 issues of Revista Brasileira de Sementes between 2002-2012 and the Journal of Seed Science, a substitute of the former journal, from 2012 to the first semester of 2020, with 28 issues published, but only 208 studies addressing seeds of plant species native to Brazil.

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Vaudo, Anthony D., John F. Tooker, Harland M. Patch, David J. Biddinger, Michael Coccia, Makaylee K. Crone, Mark Fiely, et al. "Pollen Protein: Lipid Macronutrient Ratios May Guide Broad Patterns of Bee Species Floral Preferences." Insects 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11020132.

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Pollinator nutritional ecology provides insights into plant–pollinator interactions, coevolution, and the restoration of declining pollinator populations. Bees obtain their protein and lipid nutrient intake from pollen, which is essential for larval growth and development as well as adult health and reproduction. Our previous research revealed that pollen protein to lipid ratios (P:L) shape bumble bee foraging preferences among pollen host-plant species, and these preferred ratios link to bumble bee colony health and fitness. Yet, we are still in the early stages of integrating data on P:L ratios across plant and bee species. Here, using a standard laboratory protocol, we present over 80 plant species’ protein and lipid concentrations and P:L values, and we evaluate the P:L ratios of pollen collected by three bee species. We discuss the general phylogenetic, phenotypic, behavioral, and ecological trends observed in these P:L ratios that may drive plant–pollinator interactions; we also present future research questions to further strengthen the field of pollination nutritional ecology. This dataset provides a foundation for researchers studying the nutritional drivers of plant–pollinator interactions as well as for stakeholders developing planting schemes to best support pollinators.

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Hu, Xuli, Runqiang Liu, Honghao Mao, Yong Xu, Bin Chen, Yongfeng Li, and Xia Yang. "Inter-Species Investigation of Biological Traits among Eight Echinochloa Species." Plants 12, no. 17 (August 28, 2023): 3085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12173085.

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Due to the diversity of Echinochloa species and the limited understanding of their damage processes in rice fields, clarifying the biological properties of distinct species could help create a foundation for effective control techniques. Pot experiments and field competition trials were conducted using eight Echinochloa species to elucidate their biological differences and assess their varying levels of negative impact on rice. The survey outcomes showed that E. oryzoides had the highest 1000-grain weight (3.12 g) while E. colona had the lowest (0.90 g). The largest grain number per spikelet found in E. glabrescens (940) was 3.4 times greater than that in E. oryzoides (277). Different species responded variably to changes in temperature and photoperiod. Except for E. caudate, all Echinochloa species exhibited a shortened growth period with the delay of the sowing date. Under field competitive conditions, all Echinochloa species exhibited significantly greater net photosynthetic rates than rice, with E. crusgalli exhibiting the highest photosynthetic capacity. Moreover, in this resource-limited setting, barnyardgrass species had a decrease in tiller formation and panicle initiation but a significant increase in plant height. These findings contribute valuable insights into the biological characteristics of barnyardgrass populations and provide guidance for implementing effective control measures in rice fields.

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Luong, Nguyen Thi, Nguyen Van Quy, and Nguyen Van Hop. "PLANT DIVERSITY IN DAK NONG PROVINCE, VIETNAM: A CASE STUDY IN DAK GLONG AND KRONG NO DISTRICT." Journal of Forestry Science and Technology, no. 15 (2023): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55250/jo.vnuf.2023.15.108-117.

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This study was conducted in Quang Son commune (Dak Glong district), Quang Phu and Dak Nang commune (Krong No district), Dak Nong province, to determine the diversity of plant resources. The temporary transect survey and sample plot method were applied to assess the properties of forest resources as the foundation for conservation management and sustainable development of this valuable resource. This study demonstrates that the flora in Dak Nong has tremendous and vital value in terms of plant biodiversity. A total of 731 species, 425 genera, and 145 families of plants were recorded. The most diverse families are Fabaceae, Orchidaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, etc. The genera with dominant species numbers are Ficus, Syzygium, Bulbophyllum, Cinnamomum, Crotalaria, etc. Regarding the life-form spectrum, Phanerophytes (Ph) accounted for 85.50% of species of the whole flora; in terms of plant geography, up to 89.47% of species belonging to tropical elements in the study area. The flora has high use and conservation value, with 533 useful plant species and 74 plant species threatened nationally and internationally. These results indicate that merging this forest resource into Nam Nung Nature Reserve is required to more effectively manage, conserve and develop a valuable resource beyond its potential and value.

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Singla, Shivali, Anjali Thakur, Sachin Goyal, and Chinu Kumari. "Medicinal Plant Species: Pistacia integerrima galls – A Comprehensive Review." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 4 (June 20, 2022): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.3.50.

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Karkatasringi, whose botanical name is Pistacia integerrima and belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, is a well-known medicinal plant. This plant is native to India and is distributed along the Northwest Himalayan region at about 500–2500 m above the sea level. Various parts of the plant including roots, bark galls, and leaves contain a number of secondary metabolites. Galls are most commonly used in unconventional medicines. There are various Ayurvedic formulations which include Chyavanaprasha, Shringyadi cuma, and Dasamularista and these formulations are used in the treatment of various diseases including ajeema (indigestion), jwara (fever), and yakrit roga (liver disorders) and also in the treatment of swasa (asthma), yakshma (tuberculosis), and hridyaroga (heart diseases). Furthermore, the galls contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The bark of this plant contains flavonoids and terpenoids. The roots and leaves contain terpenoids and tannins. The presence of tannins as major constituents is responsible for the astringent action. The plant species P. integerrima which belongs to the family Anacardiaceae is known for its many uses globally and thus represents the whole family for its high therapeutic value. It is used in the treatment of various diseases including some common conditions such as vomiting, fever, asthma, diarrhea, and cough and also used in modern medicine. Commonly known as crab’s claw, P. integerrima is a tree anciently found in Asia and is a botanically important tree. The galls of this plant have been used in treating dysentery, asthma, liver disorders, and cough and also used to cure snakebites. Using the extracts of P. integerrima, various secondary metabolites including sterols, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids have been isolated. In this review, we highlight the description of plant in classical literature of Ayurveda, and also in this review, we try to discuss about the therapeutic properties and chemical constituents of this plant. An attempt is made to assess the therapeutic potential of this plant in both conventional and modern systems of medicine. This review includes the traditional medicinal uses along with the phytochemical and biological evaluation of this plant species. Furthermore, after considering this review, one can build a foundation for further exploration on this topic and utilization of these resources for further research as well.

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Davidenko, O. N., S. A. Nevskiy, and T. N. Davidenko. "REGIONAL INTEGRATION DATA BASE AS A FOUNDATION OF MONITORING AND RESERVATION RARE PLANT SPECIES IN SARATOV PROVINCE." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 11, no. 1 (2011): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2011-11-1-43-47.

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The data base of condition rare plants species in Saratov province has been composed for the first time for region. The structure of base and patterns of presenting data in various levels are considered.

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33

Molenda, Olivia, Anya Reid, and Christopher J. Lortie. "The Alpine Cushion Plant Silene acaulis as Foundation Species: A Bug’s-Eye View to Facilitation and Microclimate." PLoS ONE 7, no. 5 (May 24, 2012): e37223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037223.

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Masumoto, Natsumi, Yuki Suzuki, Songkui Cui, Mayumi Wakazaki, Mayuko Sato, Kie Kumaishi, Arisa Shibata, et al. "Three-dimensional reconstructions of haustoria in two parasitic plant species in the Orobanchaceae." Plant Physiology 185, no. 4 (January 25, 2021): 1429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab005.

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Abstract Parasitic plants infect other plants by forming haustoria, specialized multicellular organs consisting of several cell types, each of which has unique morphological features and physiological roles associated with parasitism. Understanding the spatial organization of cell types is, therefore, of great importance in elucidating the functions of haustoria. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of haustoria from two Orobanchaceae species, the obligate parasite Striga hermonthica infecting rice (Oryza sativa) and the facultative parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum infecting Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In addition, field-emission scanning electron microscopy observation revealed the presence of various cell types in haustoria. Our images reveal the spatial arrangements of multiple cell types inside haustoria and their interaction with host roots. The 3-D internal structures of haustoria highlight differences between the two parasites, particularly at the xylem connection site with the host. Our study provides cellular and structural insights into haustoria of S. hermonthica and P. japonicum and lays the foundation for understanding haustorium function.

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Pei, Nancai, and W. John Kress. "Research in Forest Biology in the Era of Climate Change and Rapid Urbanization." Forests 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010026.

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Green plants provide the foundation for the structure, function, and interactions among organisms in both tropical and temperate zones. To date, many investigations have revealed patterns and mechanisms that generate plant diversity at various scales and from diverse ecological perspectives. However, in the era of climate change, anthropogenic disturbance, and rapid urbanization, new insights are needed to understand how plant species in these forest habitats are changing and adapting. Here, we recognize four themes that link studies from Asia and Europe presented in this Special Issue: (1) genetic analyses of diverse plant species; (2) above- and below-ground forest biodiversity; (3) trait expression and biological mechanisms; and (4) interactions of woody plants within a changing environment. These investigations enlarge our understanding of the origins of diversity, trait variation and heritability, and plant–environment interactions from diverse perspectives.

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Zhou, Li, Qing Ming Tang, Zhi Ying Wang, and Ting Ting Sun. "Study on the Speices Biodiversity of Plantation Communities in Primary Korean Pine Forest." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1402.

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Species diversity was refers to the rich and colorful differences between biological communities in composition, structure, function and dynamic. In this paper, the 64 pieces of plant community samples as the foundation, From the different types and levels of richness and evenness and species diversity index of Liangshui Nature Reserve, three original Korean pine forest types: korean spruce-korean pine forest (HY); oak-korean pine forest (HZ); linden-korean pine forest (HD), two adjacent artiﬁcial forest types: birch pure forest (BH); larch pure forest (LY) studied, conclusions were as follows: vegetation community structure features survey were conducted to identificate 39 species of vasculat plant through analying community species composition which belonging to 32 genera of 22 families. The community species structure was analyed to find that Korean spruce–korean pine community and larch pure community were stable structure; oak-korean pine community was ageing structure. linden-korean pine community and birch pure community were growing structure. The Korean pine forest species richness and evenness no significant difference with artiﬁcial forests, species diversity indexes were significantly higher compared with the artiﬁcial forests, plant communities less be disturbed, community stability higher than artiﬁcial forests.

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Braman, S. Kristine, and John M. Ruter. "Preference of Twolined Spittlebug for Ilex Species, Hybrids and Cultivars." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 15, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-15.4.211.

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Abstract Preference of twolined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), for holly species and cultivars was evaluated in the laboratory using detached leaf assays. Field evaluations of spittlebug preference confirmed the high level of susceptibility of holly taxa with Ilex cassine L. or I. opaca Ait. parentage. Taxa observed in the field were rated as highly preferred (10 taxa), moderately (15 taxa), slightly (49), or not preferred (63) based on number of spittlebugs found infesting plants and degree of damage apparent during the two-year study. Increased production and use of pest-resistant plant material reduces the need for pesticide use and provides a good foundation for integrated pest management efforts.

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Schoenrock, Kathryn M., Aisha M. O’ Connor, Stéphane Mauger, Myriam Valero, João Neiva, Ester Á. Serrão, and Stacy A. Krueger-Hadfield. "Genetic diversity of a marine foundation species, Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie, along the coast of Ireland." European Journal of Phycology 55, no. 3 (April 9, 2020): 310–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2020.1724338.

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Barriga, Paola A., Carsten F. Dormann, Edward E. Gbur, and Cynthia L. Sagers. "Community structure and ecological specialization in plant–ant interactions." Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, no. 4 (April 28, 2015): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000139.

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Abstract:Environmental effects on species interactions can be studied by comparative analyses of network structure. For example, comparison of interaction networks among study sites can provide clues to geographic variation of host breadth. Obligate plant–ant interactions are ideal systems to explore these phenomena because they are long term and can be accurately sampled in the field. We tested two hypotheses: (1) network structure and host specialization do not vary among communities, and (2) the effects of plant extinction do not vary among communities. We sampled 10 or more plants for each of the 30 ant–plant species found in three Neotropical locations. We found that network specialization,H2′, was significantly higher than expected in random networks. The ant or plant specialization index,d′, distribution did not vary among localities, neither varied in link or asymmetry distribution. Plant extinction simulations showed that these interactions are vulnerable to plant loss, and the null model was more robust than the observed networks. This study provides a foundation on which plant and ant phylogenies can be added to explore compartment evolution.

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FU, Mingyue, Shuiyuan CHENG, Feng XU, Zexiong CHEN, Zhongbing LIU, Weiwei ZHANG, Jiarui ZHENG, and Ling WANG. "Advance in mechanism of plant leaf colour mutation." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 12071. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha49212071.

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As a common mutation trait in plants, leaf colour mutation is related to the degree of chlorophyll and anthocyanin changes and the destruction of chloroplast structure. This study summarizes the latest research progress in leaf colour mutation mechanism, including the metabolic basis of plant leaf colour mutation, leaf colour mutation caused by gene mutation in the chlorophyll metabolism pathway, leaf colour mutation caused by blocked chloroplast development, leaf colour mutation controlled by key transcription factors and non-coding RNAs, leaf colour mutation caused by environmental factors, and leaf colour mutation due to the involvement of the mevalonate pathway. These results will lay a theoretical foundation for leaf colour development, leaf colour improvement, and molecular breeding for leaf colour among tree species.

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Moda-Cirino, Vânia, Antonio Carlos Gerage, Carlos Roberto Riede, Gustavo Hiroshi Sera, Mário Takahashi, Nelson Salim Abbud, Nilceu Ricetti Xavier de Nazareno, et al. "Plant breeding at Instituto Agronômico do Paraná: IAPAR." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 12, spe (December 2012): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332012000500004.

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The plant breeding program at IAPAR started in 1972, soon after its foundation, and has as main objective the development of superior cultivars with high yield potential, genetic resistance to major biotic and abiotic adverse factors and good nutritional and technological quality. Over these forty years, IAPAR has made available to farmers 184 cultivars of different species, resulting in an increase in the productivity, greater availability of food, decrease in environmental impacts, addition of value to agricultural properties and life improvement of farmers and consumers. Thus, the institution fulfills its mission of generating technology, contributing to the development of agriculture in Paraná and in other parts of Brazil, since many of the cultivars developed are used in different regions of the country.

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Kesel, Erin, André O. Hudson, and Michael V. Osier. "Whole-Genome Sequence, Assembly and Annotation of an Invasive Plant, Lonicera maackii (Amur Honeysuckle)." Plants 11, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 3253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233253.

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The invasive species Lonicera maackii (Amur Honeysuckle) is an increasing problem sweeping from the eastern United States toward the west, impacting normal forest development and animal survival across multiple taxa. Little is known about the genomics of this species, although a related invasive, Lonicera japonica, has been sequenced. Understanding the genomic foundation of the Lonicera maackii species could help us understand the biochemistry and life history that are the underpinnings of invasive success, as well as potential vulnerabilities and strengths which could guide research and development to control its spread. Here we present a draft, but high-quality, short-read whole-genome sequence, assembly, and annotation of Lonicera maackii, demonstrating that inexpensive and rapid short-read technologies can be successfully used in invasive species research. Despite being a short-read assembly, the genome length (7.93 × 108) and completeness (estimated as 90.2–92.1% by BUSCO and Merqury) are close to the previously published chromosome-level sequencing of L. japonica. No bias, by means of a Gene Ontology analysis, was identified among missing BUSCOs. A duplication of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase gene in both Lonicera species is identified, and the potential impact on controlling these invasive species is discussed. Future prospects for a diversity analysis of invasive species is also discussed.

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Murti, Yogesh. "PLANT DNA BARCODES: APPLICATION IN HERBAVIGILANCE." Indian Drugs 60, no. 01 (January 27, 2023): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.60.01.12824.

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Globally, 80% of the world population uses the herbal medicines. Wellbeing is a key guideline in arranging natural prescriptions and herbal products for medical care, and a basic segment of value control. Among consumers, there is a widespread misconception that “natural” always mean “safe.” However, certain adverse occurrences recorded in relation with herbal products are due to quality issues. Ongoing improvements in sub-atomic plant ID utilizing DNA arrangement information empower exact recognizable proof of plant species from herbal prescriptions utilizing characterized DNA markers for identification of species by the application of short sequence of genome by DNA barcoding. It depends on three unique cornerstones of current scientific classification, including molecularization (i.e., the utilization of the fluctuation of sub-atomic markers as discriminator; computerization (i.e., the non-repetitive rendering of the information utilizing informatic; and normalization (i.e., the augmentation of a way to deal with general gatherings of not carefully related life forms). DNA meta-barcoding is a specific application of this field which includes several organisms. Both the techniques are highly demandable for the rapid authentication of herbal drugs. The implementations for a strong and exhaustive barcoding framework are advocated and promise a scope of potential advantages, both monetarily and environmentally. The age and curation of DNA reference information of natural medications should turn into a public opinion need and perceived as a basic science foundation of the pharma world.

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Xu, Ping, Qinwei Guo, Xin Pang, Peng Zhang, Dejuan Kong, and Jia Liu. "New Insights into Evolution of Plant Heat Shock Factors (Hsfs) and Expression Analysis of Tea Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses." Plants 9, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030311.

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Heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) is one of key regulators in plant abotic stress response. Although the Hsf gene family has been identified from several plant species, original and evolution relationship have been fragmented. In addition, tea, an important crop, genome sequences have been completed and function of the Hsf family genes in response to abiotic stresses was not illuminated. In this study, a total of 4208 Hsf proteins were identified within 163 plant species from green algae (Gonium pectorale) to angiosperm (monocots and dicots), which were distributed unevenly into each of plant species tested. The result indicated that Hsf originated during the early evolutionary history of chlorophytae algae and genome-wide genetic varies had occurred during the course of evolution in plant species. Phylogenetic classification of Hsf genes from the representative nine plant species into ten subfamilies, each of which contained members from different plant species, imply that gene duplication had occurred during the course of evolution. In addition, based on RNA-seq data, the member of the Hsfs showed different expression levels in the different organs and at the different developmental stages in tea. Expression patterns also showed clear differences among Camellia species, indicating that regulation of Hsf genes expression varied between organs in a species-specific manner. Furthermore, expression of most Hsfs in response to drought, cold and salt stresses, imply a possible positive regulatory role under abiotic stresses. Expression profiles of nineteen Hsf genes in response to heat stress were also analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Several stress-responsive Hsf genes were highly regulated by heat stress treatment. In conclusion, these results lay a solid foundation for us to elucidate the evolutionary origin of plant Hsfs and Hsf functions in tea response to abiotic stresses in the future.

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Ning, Zhonghua, Cong Chen, Tian Xie, Qing Wang, Xu Ma, Haochen Sui, and Baoshan Cui. "A novel herbivorous wood-borer insect outbreak triggers die-offs of a foundation plant species in coastal ecosystems." Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 6, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 1823888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2020.1823888.

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Cáceres, Yolanda, Luis D. Llambí, and Fermín Rada. "Shrubs as foundation species in a high tropical alpine ecosystem: a multi-scale analysis of plant spatial interactions." Plant Ecology & Diversity 8, no. 2 (September 10, 2014): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2014.960173.

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Meng, Yanan, Yihua Ren, Wenjing Wang, Mark L. Gleason, Rong Zhang, and Guangyu Sun. "A Genome Sequence Resource for the Geographically Widespread Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum asianum." Plant Disease 104, no. 8 (August 2020): 2044–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-20-0034-a.

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Colletotrichum asianum is a worldwide plant pathogen causing serious fruit or leaf anthracnose diseases on a variety of plant hosts such as mango, coffee berry, chili, and other potential hosts, and it is distributed widely in Asia, America, Africa, and Oceania. This is the first genome resource available for C. asianum. The draft genome assembly will allow further analysis of species diversity and evolutionary mechanisms, and may serve as a foundation for genetic analysis that leads to greater understanding of interactions between plants and fungal pathogens.

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Carroll, John M., Bradley T. Furman, Lisa J. Jackson, Elizabeth A. Hunter, and Bradley J. Peterson. "Propagule risk in a marine foundation species: Seascape effects on Zostera marina seed predation." Journal of Ecology 107, no. 4 (March 5, 2019): 1982–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13154.

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Sathasivampillai, Saravanan Vivekanandarajah, Pholtan Rajeev Sebastian Rajamanoharan, and Sujarajini Varatharasan. "PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM MYRISTICA DACTYLOIDES GAERTN." Science Heritage Journal 4, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gws.02.2020.74.75.

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Myristica dactyloides Gaertn. is an endemic plant species to Sri Lanka and it belongs to Myristicaceae family. M. dactyloides is a medicinal plant that is used to treat various illnesses in traditional medicine in Sri Lanka. There is no review published for M. dactyloides. Thus, this works aims summarize and present a comprehensive review including the phytochemistry of this plant species. This work would provide a foundation for further studying the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of M. dactyloides. Web of Science (an electronic database) was utilized to identify relevant published work. A sum of 21 compounds have been found in various parts of M. dactyloides belong to classes like arylalkanone and lignan. More compounds were identified from stem bark. Compounds including Malabaricone A have been identified in both seed and stem bark. On the other hand, this is no scientific evidence available for any pharmacological activity study for ethnomedical uses. This work provides a basis for further studying the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of this plant.

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Maharjan, Puna Maya, Jinyeong Cheon, Jiyun Jung, Haerim Kim, Jaewon Lee, Minjeong Song, Gi Uk Jeong, Youngchan Kwon, Byoungshik Shim, and Sunghwa Choe. "Plant-Expressed Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Elicits Humoral Immunity in Mice." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090978.

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The current 15-month coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has accounted for 3.77 million deaths and enormous worldwide social and economic losses. A high volume of vaccine production is urgently required to eliminate COVID-19. Inexpensive and robust production platforms will improve the distribution of vaccines to resource-limited countries. Plant species offer such platforms, particularly through the production of recombinant proteins to serve as immunogens. To achieve this goal, here we expressed the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein in the glycoengineered-tobacco plant Nicotiana benthamiana to provide a candidate subunit vaccine. This recombinant RBD elicited humoral immunity in mice via induction of highly neutralizing antibodies. These findings provide a strong foundation to further advance the development of plant-expressed RBD antigens for use as an effective, safe, and inexpensive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Moreover, our study further highlights the utility of plant species for vaccine development.

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