Статті в журналах: "Fossil Victoria"

1

Brammer, Naomi R., and Mir-Akbar Hessami. "DECENTRALISED GENERATION IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY RELIABILITY." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2009-0003.

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Distributed or decentralised generation (DG) using advanced fossil fuel and renewable energy technologies is an attractive alternative to traditional electricity generation. Over 75% of new generating capacity installed in the Australian state of Victoria between 2000 and 2010 will be DG from gas turbines and wind farms. However, it is uncertain if this new capacity will be sufficient to maintain historic levels of electricity supply reliability. The contribution of DG to Victoria’s electricity supply in 2010 has been assessed, through analysis of modelled supply and demand data and comparisons with data from 2000. While it was assumed that new gas turbines will provide peak load and emergency generation, the role of wind farms was evaluated by considering their equivalent firm capacity estimated using statistical and probabilistic methods. Results show that all DG from gas turbines will contribute to Victoria's electricity supply in 2010, but only 4-30% of installed wind farm capacity can be considered firm or reliable. Technical performance indicators suggest that the new generating capacity will be unable to satisfy increased demand with adequate reliability. Additional base load capacity and demand reduction measures are required to ensure Victoria’s electricity supply reliability is maintained in the future.

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2

Earp, Clem. "Early Devonian fossils from the Broadford Formation, central Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 127, no. 2 (2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs15014.

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The Broadford Formation of central Victoria, Australia, hitherto lacked an identifiable fossil record but has, nevertheless, recently been considered to be wholly Silurian. Shelly fossil localities below and within the Broadford Formation reported in this study have yielded Boucotia australis and other brachiopods, indicating that much of the formation has a maximum age of Early Devonian.

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3

Bomfleur, Benjamin, Christian Pott, and Hans Kerp. "Plant assemblages from the Shafer Peak Formation (Lower Jurassic), north Victoria Land, Transantarctic Mountains." Antarctic Science 23, no. 2 (November 23, 2010): 188–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000866.

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AbstractThe Jurassic plant fossil record of Gondwana is generally meagre, which renders phytogeographic and palaeoclimatic interpretations difficult to date. Moreover, plant fossil assemblages mainly consist of impressions/compressions with rather limited palaeobiological and palaeoecological significance. We here present a detailed survey of new Early Jurassic plant assemblages from the Pliensbachian Shafer Peak Formation, north Victoria Land, Transantarctic Mountains. Some of the well-preserved fossils yield cuticle. The floras consist of isoetalean lycophytes, sphenophytes, several ferns, bennettitaleans, and conifers. In addition, three distinct kinds of conifer shoots and needles were obtained from bulk macerations. The composition of the plant communities is typical for Jurassic macrofloras of Gondwana, which underscores the general homogeneity of Southern Hemisphere vegetation during the mid-Mesozoic. Altogether, the plant fossil assemblages indicate humid and warm temperate conditions, which is in contrast to recent palaeoclimatic models that predict cool temperate climates for the continental interior of southern Gondwana during the Jurassic. However, there is no evidence for notable soil development or peat accumulation. The environmental conditions were apparently very unstable due to intense volcanic activity that resulted in frequent perturbation of landscape and vegetation, hampering the development of long-lived climax communities. Cuticles of bennettitaleans and conifers show xeromorphic features that may have been beneficial for growth in this volcanic environment.

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4

Kaulfuss, Uwe, and Gennady M. Dlussky. "Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, ?Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance." Journal of Paleontology 89, no. 6 (November 2015): 1043–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2015.62.

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AbstractThe fossil record of Australasian Formicidae is extremely sparse. It currently comprises two ants in the subfamilies Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae from Plio/Pleistocene strata in Victoria, Australia, 14 as-yet undescribed ants from Cape York amber, and one ant in the subfamily Amblyoponinae from the early Miocene Foulden Maar in southern New Zealand. Here, we report on a diverse myrmecofauna preserved as compression fossils from Foulden Maar and describe Amblyoponinae gen. et sp. indet.,Rhytidoponera waipiatan. sp.,Rhytidoponera gibsonin. sp.,Myrmecorhynchus novaeseelandiaen. sp., andAustroponera schneiderin. sp. Further isolated wings are designated as Formicidae sp. A, B, and C, the former resembling a member of subfamily Dolichoderinae. Fossils ofAustroponeraandMyrmecorhynchusare reported for the first time, whereasRhytidoponera waipiatan. sp. andR.gibsonin. sp. are the first Southern Hemisphere fossil records of this genus.The fossil taxa from Foulden Maar establish the subfamilies Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Ponerinae and, possibly, Dolichoderinae in the Australasian region in the early Miocene and provide evidence that the few native ants in the extant New Zealand fauna are the surviving remnant of taxonomically different, possibly more diverse, warm-temperate to subtropical myrmecofauna.

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5

Easton, L. C. "Pleistocene Grey Kangaroos from the Fossil Chamber of Victoria Fossil Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 130, no. 1 (January 2006): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/3721426.2006.10887045.

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6

Fehse, Dirk. "A new fossil species of Austrocypraea (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from Red Bluff, Victoria of Australia." Palaeontographica Abteilung A 299, no. 1-6 (June 10, 2013): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/pala/299/2013/115.

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7

Gastaldo, Robert A. "An explanation for lycopod configuration, ‘Fossil Grove’ Victoria Park, Glasgow." Scottish Journal of Geology 22, no. 1 (May 1986): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg22010077.

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8

Bell, Phil R., Russell D. C. Bicknell, and Elizabeth T. Smith. "Crayfish bio-gastroliths from eastern Australia and the middle Cretaceous distribution of Parastacidae." Geological Magazine 157, no. 7 (October 30, 2019): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819001092.

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AbstractFossil crayfish are typically rare, worldwide. In Australia, the strictly Southern Hemisphere clade Parastacidae, while ubiquitous in modern freshwater systems, is known only from sparse fossil occurrences from the Aptian–Albian of Victoria. We expand this record to the Cenomanian of northern New South Wales, where opalized bio-gastroliths (temporary calcium storage bodies found in the foregut of pre-moult crayfish) form a significant proportion of the fauna of the Griman Creek Formation. Crayfish bio-gastroliths are exceedingly rare in the fossil record but here form a remarkable supplementary record for crayfish, whose body and trace fossils are otherwise unknown from the Griman Creek Formation. The new specimens indicate that parastacid crayfish were widespread in eastern Australia by middle Cretaceous time, occupying a variety of freshwater ecosystems from the Australian–Antarctic rift valley in the south, to the near-coastal floodplains surrounding the epeiric Eromanga Sea further to the north.

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9

WINTERSCHEID, HEINRICH. "Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene." Phytotaxa 428, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5.

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The following names of fossil Magnoliidae with some synonyms are typified: Brasenia victoria (syn. Nymphaea doliolum) (Nymphaeaceae), M. ludwigii (syn. Magnolia lignita) and Magnolia cor (syn. Magnolia hoffmannii) (Magnoliaceae), Vitis teutonica (Vitaceae), and Symplocos casparyi (Symplocaceae).

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10

Greenwood, DR. "Early Tertiary Podocarpaceae - Megafossils From the Eocene Anglesea Locality, Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 35, no. 2 (1987): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870111.

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The nomenclature of some Tertiary fossil Podocarpaceae is reviewed. Fossil Podocarpaceae from the Eocene Anglesea locality in Victoria are described and assigned to six species from five modern genera using cuticular and other vegetative morphology. Falcatifolium australis D. R. Greenwood is the first record for this genus in Australia. Dacrycarpus eocenica D. R. Greenwood, Podocarpus platyphyllum D. R. Greenwood and Prumnopitys lanceolata D. R. Greenwood are new species. Decussocarpus brownei (Selling) D. R. Greenwood and Prumnopitys aff. Pr. Tasmanica (Townrow) D. R. Greenwood have previously been recorded as megafossils from the Australian Tertiary. The diversity of Podocarpaceae recorded from Anglesea is far greater than in any modern Australian forests.

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11

Carpenter, Raymond J., Myall Tarran, and Robert S. Hill. "Leaf fossils of Proteaceae subfamily Persoonioideae, tribe Persoonieae: tracing the past of an important Australasian sclerophyll lineage." Australian Systematic Botany 30, no. 2 (2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb16045.

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Fossils from the Eocene of South Australia and Western Australia and the Oligo–Miocene of Victoria represent the first known Australian leaf fossils of subfamily Persoonioideae, tribe Persoonieae. Persoonieaephyllum blackburnii sp. nov. is described from Middle Eocene Nelly Creek sediments near Lake Eyre, South Australia. Persoonieae are an important clade for understanding vegetation transitions in Australasia. The Nelly Creek leaf fossils are small (~6mm wide) and belong to an assemblage that has some characteristics of open vegetation, which is also inferred for the Oligo–Miocene of the Latrobe Valley, Victoria. In contrast, the Western Australian Late Eocene Persoonieae occur with diverse Lauraceae and other elements now typical of closed rainforests, and may, therefore, have been derived from communities that are unlike those in which most Persoonieae now occur. All fossil Persoonieae leaves so far known are hypostomatic (or virtually so), a state of stomatal distribution now only found in species of reasonably mesic habitats in New Zealand, New Caledonia and eastern Australian eucalypt forests. The ancestral state of stomatal distribution in Persoonieae leaves is unclear, but evidence suggests ancient associations of amphistomaty with open habitats, evolutionary loss of adaxial stomata in more closed vegetation, and the evolution of pronounced xerophylly within south-western Australian heathlands.

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12

Christophel, DC, and SD Lys. "Mummified Leaves of Two New Species of Myrtaceae From the Eocene of Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 6 (1986): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860649.

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Leaf collections made from Lenses A and B of Pit II at the Eocene Alcoa Anglesea locality produced the first Eocene record of mummified leaves of the Myrtaceae. In order to determine their diversity and affinities a set of 19 architectural and cuticular characters was selected with which to analyse the leaves. This character set was tested with 65 extant leaves from 11 species of six genera within the Myrtaceae. Operational taxonomic units were analysed using a semi-Euclidian distance metric and the UPGMA clustering algorithm. Results indicated that the character set and analyses successfully clustered all members of each species used, and in the case of Syzygium loosely clustered most species of the genus that were tested. When applied to 34 fossil Myrtaceae leaves, the character sets and analyses revealed that two distinct fossil leaf taxa were present. The organ genus Myrtaciphyllum Christophel & Lys is proposed for mummified leaves with affinities to the Myrtaceae. Two species are erected: the type species M. undulatum, and M. douglasii. The two species are primarily differentiated on cuticular features. The analyses further showed that, in addition to the two fossil groups being distinct from each other, neither demonstrated close affinities with any of the 11 species of extant Myrtaceae used in the analysis. Two fossil Myrtaceae leaves included from the Miocene Bacchus Marsh locality showed moderate affinity to Myrtaciphyllum undulatum.

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13

Yanbin, Shen. "Jurassic conchostracans from Carapace Nunatak, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 6, no. 1 (March 1994): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000131.

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Fossiliferous horizons of the Ferrar Group at Carapace Nunatak of southern Victoria Land have yielded the richest and most diverse freshwater Jurassic biota hitherto recorded from Antarctica. Fossil conchostracans are the most important in terms of number of individuals and distributional area. Scanning electron microscopy is used to establish a new genus and species (Carapacestheria balli), and Cyzicus (Lioestheria) disgregaris Tasch is attributed to Carapacestheria disgregaris (Tasch) emend. The conchostracan fauna of the Ferrar Group, characterized by Carapacestheria, is probably of early Middle Jurassic age.

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14

McLoughlin, S., and J. A. Long. "New records of Devonian plants from southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Geological Magazine 131, no. 1 (January 1994): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800010517.

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AbstractAn assemblage of fossil plants is here recorded from the Middle Devonian Beacon Heights Orthoquartzite and overlying Aztec Siltstone (Taylor Group), of the Cook Mountains and Skelton Névé regions, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. The Beacon Heights Orthoquartzite exposed in the southern Cook Mountains yielded specimens of the lycopods Haplostigma lineare, Malanzania sp., and Archaeosigillaria sp. cf. A. caespitosa. The Aztec Siltstone flora contains Praeramunculus alternatiramus and H. lineare.

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15

Krassilov, V. A., D. L. Dilcher, and J. G. Douglas. "New ephedroid plant from the Lower Cretaceous Koonwarra Fossil Bed, Victoria, Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 22, no. 2 (January 1998): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519808619195.

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16

Whitelaw, Michael John. "Age Constraints on the Duck Ponds and Limeburner's Point Mammalian Faunas Based on Magnetic Polarity Stratigraphy in the Geelong Area (Victoria), Australia." Quaternary Research 39, no. 1 (January 1993): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1014.

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AbstractNew magnetostratigraphic results may be used to determine the age of two locally important fossil vertebrate faunas near Geelong (Victoria), Australia. Paleomagnetic samples collected from sections located at Limeburner's Point and Limeburner's Bay, together with previously suggested stratigraphic correlations, now constrain the age of the Duck Ponds Local Fauna to be younger than 1.66 myr (and probably greater than 0.98 myr) and the age of the Limeburner's Point Local Fauna to be younger than 0.98 myr. These age determinations enhance the biostratigraphic importance of both local faunas on a continent characterized by a chronic lack of chronologically well-constrained fossil vertebrate localities.

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17

Cantrill, DJ, and JG Douglas. "Mycorrhizal Conifer Roots From the Lower Cretaceous of the Otway Basin, Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 36, no. 3 (1988): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880257.

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Fossil roots with nodular and abbreviated lateral roots are described from the Devils Kitchen locality within the Lower Cretaceous Otway Group. The general morphology of these roots indicates a mycorrhizal association, the oldest such record from Australia. Based on the root morphology and associated megaflora it is considered that the roots are coniferous (Taxodiaceae or Podocarpaceae); an association of the roots with foliage of Geinitzia tetragona sp. nov., which is possibly taxodiaceous, is indicated. The major role of nodular mycorrhizal roots in extant plants is phosphate uptake which enhances minor nitrogen uptake. It is suggested that the fossil roots may have had a similar role. The Devils Kitchen locality is interpreted as a levee or near channel deposit with better drainage andlor a nutrient-poor soil relative to other soils in the sequence. The atypical plant associations of Cladophlebis australis, C. sp. b, and Geinitzia tetragona sp. nov. are a reflection of the above.

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18

Lewis, Emma K., and Andrew N. Drinnan. "The Miocene conifer flora of Balcombe Bay, Victoria, Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 26, no. 2 (2013): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb11031.

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Fossil conifers from an early Miocene flora at Balcombe Bay near Melbourne, Australia, are described and illustrated. The most prominent elements are Araucaria balcombensis Selling emend. R.S.Hill and Dacrycarpus mucronatus P.M.Wells & R.S.Hill, and several other unidentified podocarp leaves are represented. Ovuliferous cones of D. mucronatus are described, along with isolated araucarian microsporophylls and podocarp pollen cones – both with pollen in situ. The floristic elements are similar to Eocene–Oligocene flora described from Tasmania, and indicate that these floras extended to now mainland Australia and persisted into the Miocene. They are indicative of a wetter and warmer climate than the present time.

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19

Watson, Maxwell. "CO2CRC’s carbon capture and geological storage demonstration in Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14016.

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The recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report (Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis) states that ‘warming of the climate system is unequivocal’, and that ‘it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century’. The IPCC report follows a common trend attributing increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions as the cause of this climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels for energy, is the most common greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. Reduction of greenhouse gas emission, particularly CO2 to the atmosphere, is therefore a key environmental issue facing Australia and the world.

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20

Marx, Felix G., Travis Park, Erich M. G. Fitzgerald, and Alistair R. Evans. "A Miocene pygmy right whale fossil from Australia." PeerJ 6 (June 22, 2018): e5025. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5025.

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Neobalaenines are an enigmatic group of baleen whales represented today by a single living species: the pygmy right whale, Caperea marginata, found only in the Southern Hemisphere. Molecular divergence estimates date the origin of pygmy right whales to 22–26 Ma, yet so far there are only three confirmed fossil occurrences. Here, we describe an isolated periotic from the latest Miocene of Victoria (Australia). The new fossil shows all the hallmarks of Caperea, making it the second-oldest described neobalaenine, and the oldest record of the genus. Overall, the new specimen resembles C. marginata in its external morphology and details of the cochlea, but is more archaic in it having a hypertrophied suprameatal area and a greater number of cochlear turns. The presence of Caperea in Australian waters during the Late Miocene matches the distribution of the living species, and supports a southern origin for pygmy right whales.

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21

Fraser, Rebecca, and Roderick Wells. "Palaeontological excavation and taphonomic investigation of the late Pleistocene fossil deposit in Grant Hall, Victoria Fossil Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 31 (2006): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510608619579.

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22

FRASER, REBECCA A., and RODERICK T. WELLS. "Palaeontological excavation and taphonomic investigation of the late Pleistocene fossil deposit in Grant Hall, Victoria Fossil Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 30, sup1 (January 2006): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510609506860.

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23

Rowlands, William. "Challenges and opportunities for fossil fuels in a carbon - constrained world – an Australian perspective." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14013.

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With climate change undeniable, what are Australia’s opportunities for achieving more controlled greenhouse gases releases, while still using fossil fuels? How does this interplay with the reduction of fossil crude oil supply and the increasing shift in Australia towards importing finished products, declining refinery infrastructure and consequently reduction in the availability of chemical feed stocks for the local chemical industry? In fact, will there be an Australian chemicals and refining industry 30 years from now? The talk discussed these questions and aimed to outline a vision for Australia that might successfully deal with some of their aspects. Furthermore, this vision will be partially translated and exemplified with our lignite value add project in Victoria.

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24

COLLOFF, MATTHEW, and GISELLE PERDOMO. "New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)." Zootaxa 2217, no. 1 (September 2, 2009): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2217.1.1.

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Six new species of oribatid mite belonging to the genus Crotonia are described from wet forests in Victoria, Australia. Crotonia alpina sp. nov., C. cornuta sp. nov. and C. victoriae sp. nov. belong to the Capistrata species-group, having the full complement of notogastral setae in the c series; whilst C. momitoi sp. nov., C. blacki sp. nov. and C. gadubanudi sp. nov. are members of the Cophinaria species-group, lacking setae c 2 . The fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957), also a member of the Cophinaria group, is redescribed from Tertiary Kauri pine resin (Agathis yallournensis). The new members of the Capistrata group share an unique combination of characters, including long flagelliform setae c 3 , shorter setiform c 2 and with setae c 3 the shortest of the c series; lateral strips of the notogastral shield ornamented with fields of tubercles; narrow, blunt bothridial auriculae and elongate parallel apophyses of setae h 2 projecting horizontally. The morphological homogeneity of this cluster of species is mirrored by the members of the Cophinaria species-group described herein which, together with C. pyemaireneri Colloff, 2009 and C. tasmanica Łochyńska, 2008 from Tasmania, plus C. jethurmerae Lee, 1985 from South Australia, share relatively well-developed setae d 2 , a porose notogastral shield with narrow lateral tuberculate strips; elongate, acute bothridial auriculae; long, flagelliform setae p 1 and relatively short apophyses of setae h 2 , divergent apically, and projecting posteriodorsally. The Victorian members of the Capistrata andCophinaria species-groups represent two homogeneous clusters of species associated with temperate rainforest refugia and wet sclerophyll forest in high-rainfall zones. An identification key is provided to the Australian species of Crotonia.

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25

Crawford, R. H., V. Paton-Cole, R. Turnbull, E. Fitzgerald, A. Michalewicz, and J. Garber. "Trends in residential sustainability measures in the state of Victoria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 022018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/2/022018.

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Abstract Buildings require a significant quantity of energy and water during their operation. Solar water heaters and rainwater tanks have become increasingly common to reduce the demand for fossil-fuel based energy and mains water within buildings. Since 2006, the Victorian Building Authority has required either a rainwater tank or solar water heater to be installed in any new house built in Victoria, Australia. This research analyses the trend in adoption of these two systems using data from building permits issued from 2006 to 2019. This shows that despite an initial preference for rainwater tanks, solar water heaters have been the preferred choice. This preference was found to be greatest for projects costing from $200k-$600k and for allotment areas smaller than 500 m2. Preference for rainwater tanks tended to increase in line with an increase in project cost and allotment area, and this preference was found to be most common in metropolitan areas. This study provides insight into the opportunities for further adoption of solar water heaters and rainwater tanks, including using information at the LGA level to develop specific business opportunities or to inform policy, such as alternative water efficiency solutions for households where allotment area may limit rainwater tank adoption.

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26

Turner, S., and G. C. Young. "Thelodont scales from the Middle-Late Devonian Aztec Siltstone, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 4, no. 1 (March 1992): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102092000142.

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A new fossil agnathan, Turinia antarctica sp. nov., based on numerous isolated scales, comes from the lower fish-bearing beds of the Aztec Siltstone. Scales from moraine at Mount Suess, originally described as selachian or psammosteid heterostracan, are referred to the new species which shows close affinity with T. gondwana from Bolivia and T. cf. hutkensis from Iran. Reassessment of the biostratigraphy of Middle Devonian turiniid scales suggests that the lower part of the Aztec Siltstone may be of Eifelian age.

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27

Camens, Aaron Bruce, and Stephen Paul Carey. "Contemporaneous Trace and Body Fossils from a Late Pleistocene Lakebed in Victoria, Australia, Allow Assessment of Bias in the Fossil Record." PLoS ONE 8, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): e52957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052957.

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28

Janzen, Jens-Wilhelm, Norman F. Johnson, and Luciana Musetti. "A new fossil species of the Australian endemic genus Peradenia Naumann & Masner (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea, Peradeniidae) from Baltic Amber." Insect Systematics & Evolution 32, no. 2 (2001): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631201x00146.

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AbstractThe family Peradeniidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) is represented by two rare extant species from southeastern Australia (Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania). A new species, Peradenia galerita sp. n., is described from Eocene Baltic amber. The fossil species is very similar to the living Perndenia, but has the short metasomatic petiole typical of most Proctotrupoidea. The subfamily classification of Heloridae proposed by Rasnitsyn and the status of Peradeniidae are briefly reviewed. The subfamily Mesohelorinae Rasnitsyn, 1990 is a junior synonym of Protohelorinae Rasnitsyn, 1980 (syn. n.).

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29

Conran, John G., David C. Christophel, and Leonie Scriven. "Petermanniopsis angleseaënsis Gen. & Sp. Nov.: An Australian Fossil Net- Veined Monocotyledon from Eocene Victoria." International Journal of Plant Sciences 155, no. 6 (November 1994): 816–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/297220.

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30

Jordan, Gregory J., Kate E. Bromfield, J. M. Kale Sniderman, and Darren Crayn. "Diverse Fossil Epacrids (Styphelioideae; Ericaceae) from Early Pleistocene Sediments at Stony Creek Basin, Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Plant Sciences 168, no. 9 (November 2007): 1359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/521686.

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31

Basinger, James F., and David C. Christophel. "Fossil flowers and leaves of the Ebenaceae from the Eocene of southern Australia." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1825–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-258.

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Numerous flowers and a diverse assemblage of leaves are mummified in clay lenses in the base of the Demons Bluff Formation overlying the Eastern View Coal Measures. Fossil localities occur in the Alcoa of Australia open cut near Anglesea, Victoria, Australia. Flowers are tubular, less than 10 mm long, and about 5 mm wide. Four sepals are connate forming a cup-shaped calyx. Four petals are fused in their basal third and alternate with sepals. Flowers are all unisexual and staminate. Stamens are epipetalous and consistently 16 in number, arranged in 8 radial pairs. Pollen is subprolate, tricolporate, and about 32 μm in diameter. The exine is smooth to slightly scabrate. A rudimentary ovary occurs in some flowers. Sepals usually have a somewhat textureless abaxial cuticle with actinocytic stomata. Some sepals, however, have frill-like cuticular thickenings over some abaxial epidermal cells and some subsidiary cells with pronounced papillae overarching guard cells. One of the more common leaf types found associated with the flowers is characterized by the same peculiar cuticular thickenings and overarching papillae on subsidiary cells that occur on sepals. This cuticular similarity indicates that flowers and leaves represent a single taxon. Leaves are highly variable in size and shape but are consistently entire margined, with pinnate, brochidodromous venation. The suite of features characterizing the flowers is unique to the Ebenaceae. Flowers of many extant species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) closely resemble the fossil flowers. Fossil leaves, too, are typical of leaves of extant Diospyros. Both flowers and leaves are considered conspecific and have been assigned the name Austrodiospyros cryptostoma gen. et sp. nov. The Anglesea fossils represent one of the earliest well-documented occurrences of the Ebenaceae and are the earliest known remains of Ebenaceae from Australia. They support the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin for the family with late Tertiary diversification in the Malesian region.

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Archer, Michael, Hayley Bates, Suzanne J. Hand, Trevor Evans, Linda Broome, Bronwyn McAllan, Fritz Geiser, et al. "The Burramys Project: a conservationist's reach should exceed history's grasp, or what is the fossil record for?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1788 (November 4, 2019): 20190221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0221.

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The fossil record provides important information about changes in species diversity, distribution, habitat and abundance through time. As we understand more about these changes, it becomes possible to envisage a wider range of options for translocations in a world where sustainability of habitats is under increasing threat. The Critically Endangered alpine/subalpine mountain pygmy-possum, Burramys parvus (Marsupialia, Burramyidae), is threatened by global heating. Using conventional strategies, there would be no viable pathway for stopping this iconic marsupial from becoming extinct. The fossil record, however, has inspired an innovative strategy for saving this species. This lineage has been represented over 25 Myr by a series of species always inhabiting lowland, wet forest palaeocommunities. These fossil deposits have been found in what is now the Tirari Desert, South Australia (24 Ma), savannah woodlands of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Queensland (approx. 24–15 Ma) and savannah grasslands of Hamilton, Victoria (approx. 4 Ma). This palaeoecological record has led to the proposal overviewed here to construct a lowland breeding facility with the goal of monitoring the outcome of introducing this possum back into the pre-Quaternary core habitat for the lineage. If this project succeeds, similar approaches could be considered for other climate-change-threatened Australian species such as the southern corroboree frog ( Pseudophryne corroboree ) and the western swamp tortoise ( Pseudemydura umbrina ). This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?’

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Ferràndez-Cañadell, Carles, Francesc Ribot, and Lluís Gibert. "New fossil teeth of Theropithecus oswaldi (Cercopithecoidea) from the Early Pleistocene at Cueva Victoria (SE Spain)." Journal of Human Evolution 74 (September 2014): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.020.

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34

Gibert, Luis, Gary R. Scott, Denis Scholz, Alexander Budsky, Carles Ferràndez, Francesc Ribot, Robert A. Martin, and María Lería. "Chronology for the Cueva Victoria fossil site (SE Spain): Evidence for Early Pleistocene Afro-Iberian dispersals." Journal of Human Evolution 90 (January 2016): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.002.

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35

Bishop, Ian D., and Sophie Atkinson. "Understanding New Landscapes." International Journal of E-Planning Research 1, no. 4 (October 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2012100101.

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The pace of transition to new energy sources, and away from fossil fuels, is as hard to predict as any other impact of climate change. However, it appears inevitable that a transition will be made eventually. In some countries, notably Germany and Denmark, the process is already well underway. In others it is just beginning. This article uses the situation of the state of Victoria in southern Australia to explore the possible extent of landscape change under a move to renewable energy sources, and to explore the key variables and tools for analysis and communication which will identify the consequences and support planning. A scenario for a future level of wind power generation in Victoria is proposed, potential sites identified and then the visual impact of these analyzed, not simply on a case-by-case basis but as a system of facilities across the landscape. People travelling by road, or train, will be particularly aware of the extent to which the change is pervasive and new parameters and representations are proposed for documentation of these dynamic visual landscape outcomes.

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Ziegler, Tim, Jessica Day, Karina Herbu, and Marie Blyth-McHale. "Efficient Digitisation of Unaccessioned Specimens in a Large Vertebrate Fossil Collection to Enhance Data Quality and Mitigate Risk." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26653.

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The Museums Victoria (NMV) Vertebrate Palaeontology Collection holds more than 130,000 specimens, including the single largest collection of vertebrate fossils from the state of Victoria, Australia. Accessioned specimens make up around one third of the collection; however, few of the other, unaccessioned specimens have been catalogued. Vertebrate fossil accession at NMV is carried out in three stages: registration under a permanent specimen number, entry into the database software catalogue Axiell EMu, and barcode-based location tracking using a handheld device linked to an online application (http://mvwise.museum.vic.gov.au). In the past, unregistered specimens have been catalogued or location- tracked only infrequently, and the scale of legacy subcollections makes full registration an impractical goal for unaccessioned specimens. Accurate knowledge of unaccessioned specimens is essential to estimate collection size and composition, and predict future resource needs. Where such knowledge is held by staff but not documented, there is a persistent risk of dissociation or loss. Further, having accessible digital records greatly enhances data discoverability for research and exhibition users. We describe an EMu-based workflow for unaccessioned specimens in the NMV Vertebrate Palaeontology Collection, which newly documents and tracks specimens without the time burden of prior accession protocols. Minimum-data EMu catalogue records are generated from a handheld MVWISE scanner (based on Apple mobile hardware), with photographs that include the specimen along with any existing metadata or context. These records are immediately linked to trackable barcodes associated with storage locations. Subsequently, relevant taxonomic, stratigraphic or historical information can be cross-referenced to catalogue records en masse, either directly or using import functions. This metadata is accessed efficiently from within Axiell EMu via the specimen photographs, rather than requiring a subsequent physical search. The risks mitigable by this project are discussed, as are reasons commonly cited for not accessioning specimens, and dilemmas and consequences arising from the new approach. We also provide guidance on the rates of data generation, the required and recommended resources to be used, and forecast practical benefits in discovery and use for the collection.

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Henry, Leonia, and Elijah Omutange. "Fractionation of Trace Metals between Catchment Soils and Associated Wetland Sediments of Selected Wetlands of Lake Victoria, East Africa." Journal of Wetlands Ecology 3 (February 11, 2010): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v3i0.2222.

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The aim of this work was to study the trace metals transfer between soil aquifers and the immediate sediments of the selected wetlands of Lake Victoria. The study covered five trace metals Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn as these are associated with vehicular traffic and with the combustion of fossil fuels which could both be significant sources of pollution within the wetlands of Lake Victoria basin. Three types of trace metal analyses from various locations of Katonga, Simiyu and Nyando catchments of Lake Victoria were performed: total concentrations, the concentrations in the non-residual fraction and the concentration in the exchangeable fraction. The soil characteristics: texture, pH and organic matter contents, were studied in relation to Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) to assess the rate of movement of the metals between the soil and the wetland sediments. Eventually, the potential retention and leaching capacity of trace metals within the catchment soils and its possible impact on the composition of the receiving sediments of the wetlands were studied. The comparison between Nyando and Simiyu wetlands showed high variations in the soil characteristics and hence in leaching capacity of the studied metals. In general most areas in Nyando wetland required some measures to improve the CEC of the soil for higher agricultural productivity. Key Words: Trace metals; fractionation; CEC; leaching capacity; soil properties DOI: 10.3126/jowe.v3i0.2222 Journal of Wetlands Ecology, (2009) Vol. 3, pp 68-76

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38

Piper, KJ. "An early Pleistocene record of a giant koala (Phascolarctidae: Marsupialia) from western Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 2 (2005): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05221.

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THE pre Holocene-Late Pleistocene record of Phascolarctos in Australia is extremely meagre. There are at least two, possibly three extinct species of Phascolarctos in addition to the extant Phascolarctos cinereus (Black 1999). P. yorkensis (syn. Cundokoala yorkensis; Black and Archer 1997) is known from the Early Pliocene Curramulka Local Fauna, South Australia (SA), and the Late Pleistocene Wellington Caves Local Fauna, New South Wales (Archer et al. 1997; Pledge 1992). P. stirtoni occurs in the Late Pleistocene Cement Mills Local Fauna, Queensland, and is known only from a partial maxilla containing P3-M2 (Bartholomai 1968, 1977). Phascolarctos material from the mid- Pleistocene Victoria Fossil Cave and Spring Cave, Naracoorte, SA, have also been referred to P. cf. stirtoni but remain undescribed (Reed and Bourne 2000; Moriarty et al. 2000). P. maris is known from a single lower molar from the Early Pliocene Sunlands Local Fauna, SA (Pledge 1987). Black (1999) cast doubt on its validity, suggesting its features may fall within the intraspecific variation of P. stirtoni. If P. maris is referable to P. stirtoni it is another South Australian instance of this species, and extends its range back to the Early Pliocene. The new phascolarctid material documented here is from the early Pleistocene Nelson Bay Local Fauna, Portland, Victoria (141o 35? E; 38o 36? S). It is therefore an important additional southern occurrence of a species larger than the living P. cinereus, and is the only pre- Late Pleistocene record of the Phascolarctidae in Victoria.

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39

Bean, Lynne B. "Reappraisal of Mesozoic fishes and associated invertebrates and flora from Talbragar and Koonwarra, eastern Australia." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 129, no. 1 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs17001.

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Eastern Australia has two major Mesozoic fossil localities. The Talbragar Fish Bed in central west New South Wales contains an assemblage of Upper Jurassic fishes, plants and insects. The Koonwarra Fossil Bed, in South Gippsland, Victoria, has an assemblage of Lower Cretaceous fishes, plants and insects. The geological settings of these localities are described. Each locality has a common genus of fish that was originally described as Leptolepis. The names of both these fish have been changed, the Talbragar one to Cavenderichthys talbragarensis and the Koonwarra one to Waldmanichthys koonwarri. Both of these fish have been placed into the Family Luisiellidae, together with a Patagonian fish, Luisiella feruglioi. Each locality also has a member of the family Archaeomenidae: Archaeomene tenuis from Talbragar and Wadeichthys oxyops from Koonwarra. The relationships of these and other fish have been discussed by various authors over the last 20 years and a summary of these comments is presented, as well as a brief comparison between the plants of both localities. The localities of Talbragar, Koonwarra and the Argentinian fishes during the Mesozoic appear to have similar palaeo-environmental settings, which may explain the similarities in the assemblages. The Australian localities contain well-preserved specimens which shed light on the diversity and extent of fishes in southern Gondwana, a region otherwise poorly represented in the fossil record.

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40

Dunning, G. R., B. F. Kean, J. G. Thurlow, and H. S. Swinden. "Geochronology of the Buchans, Roberts Arm, and Victoria Lake groups and Mansfield Cove Complex, Newfoundland." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-113.

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Volcanic groups of the Central Mobile Belt of the Newfoundland Appalachians have previously been subdivided into "early" and "late" arc sequences, separated in time by a quiescent Caradocian stage defined in some areas by fossil-bearing black shales.New U–Pb zircon ages of [Formula: see text] and 473 ± 2 Ma for rhyolites of the Buchans and Roberts Arm groups, respectively, show them to be correlative early Ordovician sequences. These ages serve to refute both the previous Rb–Sr whole-rock isochron ages of 447 Ma and the idea that these groups were "late arc" sequences. These new ages corroborate evidence from late Arenig – early Llanvirn conodonts in the Buchans Group and calibrate this fossil occurrence.A new U–Pb zircon age of 479 ± 3 Ma from plagiogranite of the Mansfield Cove Complex immediately west of the Roberts Arm Group shows that this plutonic body is only slightly older than the adjacent volcanic rocks and not Hadrynian as previously supposed. Local field relationships suggest this body may represent part of a disrupted ophiolite. It is coeval with the ophiolitic Annieopsquotch Complex along a strike to the south and may form part of a belt of rocks derived from early Ordovician ocean floor that is discontinuously exposed along the western boundary of the Buchans – Roberts Arm Belt.Zircons from rhyolite at the northeast termination of the Tulks Hill volcanics, part of the extensive Victoria Lake Group, give an age of [Formula: see text]. This dated sequence contains limestone previously dated as Llanvirn–Llandeilo by conodonts. This part of the group is therefore younger than the Buchans Group, and the designations "early" and "late" arc are not appropriate. The thrusting that juxtaposed these groups is no longer constrained to be of Silurian age but could have been middle to late Ordovician. Precambrian zircons included in the Victoria Lake Group rhyolite could have been incorporated from associated sedimentary rocks and suggest that the group may have formed in a tectonic setting transitional between oceanic and continental and received detritus from several sources.

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41

Baird, Robert F. "Fossil avian assemblage of pitfall origin from Holocene sediments in Amphitheatre Cave (G-2), south-western Victoria, Australia." Records of the Australian Museum 44, no. 1 (May 28, 1992): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.44.1992.27.

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42

Gell, Peter A., Philip A. Barker, Patrick De Deckker, William M. Last, and Ljubica Jelicic. "The Holocene history of West Basin Lake, Victoria, Australia; chemical changes based on fossil biota and sediment mineralogy." Journal of Paleolimnology 12, no. 3 (December 1994): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00678023.

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43

Barrett, Paul M., Roger B. J. Benson, Thomas H. Rich, and Patricia Vickers-Rich. "First spinosaurid dinosaur from Australia and the cosmopolitanism of Cretaceous dinosaur faunas." Biology Letters 7, no. 6 (June 21, 2011): 933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0466.

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A cervical vertebra from the Early Cretaceous of Victoria represents the first Australian spinosaurid theropod dinosaur. This discovery significantly extends the geographical range of spinosaurids, suggesting that the clade obtained a near-global distribution before the onset of Pangaean fragmentation. The combined presence of spinosaurid, neovenatorid, tyrannosauroid and dromaeosaurid theropods in the Australian Cretaceous undermines previous suggestions that the dinosaur fauna of this region was either largely endemic or predominantly ‘Gondwanan’ in composition. Many lineages are well-represented in both Laurasia and Gondwana, and these observations suggest that Early–‘middle’ Cretaceous theropod clades possessed more cosmopolitan distributions than assumed previously, and that caution is necessary when attempting to establish palaeobiogeographic patterns on the basis of a patchily distributed fossil record.

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44

Kovarovic, Kris, J. Tyler Faith, Kirsten E. Jenkins, Christian A. Tryon, and Daniel J. Peppe. "Ecomorphology and ecology of the grassland specialist, Rusingoryx atopocranion (Artiodactyla: Bovidae), from the late Pleistocene of western Kenya." Quaternary Research 101 (January 19, 2021): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.102.

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AbstractRusingoryx atopocranion is an extinct alcelaphin bovid from the late Pleistocene of Kenya, known for its distinctive hollow nasal crest. A bonebed of R. atopocranion from the Lake Victoria Basin provides a unique opportunity to examine the nearly complete postcranial ecomorphology of an extinct species, and yields data that are important to studying paleoenvironments and human-environment interaction. With a comparative sample of extant African bovids, we used discriminant function analyses to develop statistical ecomorphological models for 18 skeletal elements and element portions. Forelimb and hindlimb element models overwhelmingly predict that R. atopocranion was an open-adapted taxon. However, the phalanges of Rusingoryx are remarkably short relative to their breadth, a morphology outside the range of extant African bovids, which we interpret as an extreme open-habitat adaptation. It follows that even recently extinct fossil bovids can differ in important morphological ways relative to their extant counterparts, particularly if they have novel adaptations for past environments. This unusual phalanx morphology (in combination with other skeletal indications), mesowear, and dental enamel stable isotopes, demonstrate that Rusingoryx was a grassland specialist. Together, these data are consistent with independent geological and paleontological evidence for increased aridity and expanded grassland habitats across the Lake Victoria Basin.

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45

López-Gappa, Juan, Leandro M. Pérez, Ana C. S. Almeida, Débora Iturra, Dennis P. Gordon, and Leandro M. Vieira. "Three new cribrimorph bryozoans (order Cheilostomatida) from the early Miocene of Argentina, with a discussion on spinocystal shield morphologies." Journal of Paleontology 95, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 568–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.108.

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AbstractBryozoans with calcified frontal shields formed by the fusion of costae, collectively constituting a spinocyst, are traditionally assigned to the family Cribrilinidae. Today, this family is regarded as nonmonophyletic. In the Argentine Cenozoic, cribrilinids were until recently represented by only two fossil species from the Paleocene of Patagonia. This study describes the first fossil representatives of Jolietina and Parafigularia: J. victoria n. sp. and P. pigafettai n. sp., respectively. A fossil species of Figularia, F. elcanoi n. sp., is also described. The material comes from the early Miocene of the Monte León and Chenque formations (Patagonia, Argentina). For comparison, we also provide redescriptions of the remaining extant species of Jolietina: J. latimarginata (Busk, 1884) and J. pulchra Canu and Bassler, 1928a. The systematic position of some species previously assigned to Figularia is here discussed. Costafigularia n. gen. is erected, with Figularia pulcherrima Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001 as type species. Two species previously assigned to Figularia are here transferred to Costafigularia, resulting in C. jucunda n. comb. and C. tahitiensis n. comb. One species of Figularia is reassigned to Vitrimurella, resulting in V. ampla n. comb. The family Vitrimurellidae is here reassigned to the superfamily Cribrilinoidea. The subgenus Juxtacribrilina is elevated to genus rank. Inferusia is regarded as a subjective synonym of Parafigularia. Parafigularia darwini Moyano, 2011 is synonymized with I. taylori Kuklinski and Barnes, 2009, resulting in Parafigularia taylori n. comb. Morphological data suggest that these genera comprise different lineages, and a discussion on the disparities among cribrilinid (sensu lato) spinocysts is provided.UUID: http://zoobank.org/215957d3-064b-47e2-9090-d0309f6c9cd8

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46

Boomer, Ian, and Ben Gearey. "The occurrence of a new species of <i>Gomphocythere</i> (Ostracoda, Limnocytheridae) in the Holocene of SE Turkey: the northernmost record for the genus." Journal of Micropalaeontology 29, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0262-821x09-011.

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Abstract. A new species of the genus Gomphocythere (Sars, 1924) from SE Turkey extends the known Holocene biogeographical range of this taxon northwards by 500 km although only sub-fossil remains have been discovered so far. The species has been recorded previously in open nomenclature, from a middle Pleistocene site in northern Israel but the genus Gomphocythere is particularly abundant and diverse in the large lakes of South and East Africa (e.g. Lakes Malawi, Tanganyika and Victoria). The closest relative of the new species, based on external carapace characteristics, is known to be alive today along one of the sources of the River Jordan, central Israel. This suggests the presence of a geographically distinct ‘northern group’ of Gomphocythere separated from the majority of known occurrences in eastern and southern Africa.

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MARTIN, SARAH K., LUKE I. SKIDMORE, and JEFFREY D. STILWELL. "A first record of Cretaceous aphids (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphidomorpha) in Australia, from the Lower Cretaceous Koonwarra Fossil Bed, Victoria." Zootaxa 4137, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4137.1.7.

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48

Causse, C., and J. S. Vincent. "Th–U disequilibrium dating of Middle and Late Pleistocene wood and shells from Banks and Victoria islands, Arctic Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 2718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-231.

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An attempt has been made at dating Middle and Late Pleistocene deposits from Banks and Victoria islands using the Th–U disequilibrium method. Geological correlations are difficult to establish because of the discontinuous nature of the terrestrial units and the relative absence of datable fossil wood and shells. The Th–U geochemical system likely remained closed for extended periods because of the presence of permafrost, which implies very limited or absent water circulation. The Th–U age determinations obtained confirmed the previously established stratigraphic framework and provide chronological information in that samples of Sangamonian age are differentiated from those that are younger (Wisconsinan and Holocene) or older (Middle Pleistocene). The Th–U disequilibrium method carefully used in areas where water circulation is limited can thus provide chronological control for sediments older than those that can be dated by the radiocarbon method.

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49

Gell, Peter A., Ian R. Sluiter, and Jennie Fluin. "Seasonal and interannual variations in diatom assemblages in Murray River connected wetlands in north-west Victoria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 53, no. 6 (2002): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01021.

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Epipelic diatom assemblages collected from three wetlands connected to the Murray River displayed considerable variation in response to flooding and drying phases. Murray River water input usually generated diatom assemblages dominated by Aulacoseira species. After isolation, the diatom flora of two wetlands shifted to assemblages of small Fragilariaceae forms. Elevated nutrient levels corresponded with the appearance of eutraphentic taxa such as Cyclotella meneghiniana, Eolimna subminuscula, Luticola mutica and Nitzschia palea. Further evapoconcentration induced shifts to taxa tolerant of elevated salinity levels including Amphora coffeaeformis, Navicula incertata, Staurophora salina and Tryblionella hungarica. Ordination analyses reveal a strong chemical control on the diatom taxa present in the wetlands, in accordance with known ecological preferences for salinity and nutrients. The influence of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in controlling diatom assemblages was subordinate to salinity once conductivity values exceeded 1400 μS cm–1. The results of such biomonitoring provide a means of interpreting wetland history from fossil assemblages contained in sediment sequences.

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McCune, Amy R. "Biogeographic and stratigraphic evidence for rapid speciation in semionotid fishes." Paleobiology 22, no. 1 (1996): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300016006.

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In this study I take advantage of an unusual system of fossil lakes in eastern North America to estimate the time for speciation of endemic semionotid fishes. Twenty-one species are all found in sedimentary cycle P4, the deposits of a single Early Jurassic lake, in the Towaco Formation of the Newark Basin in New Jersey. To determine the degree of endemism in the fauna from this fossil lake and estimate time for speciation, I surveyed more than 2000 museum specimens from 45 named localities in the Newark Basin and related basins of the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Newark Supergroup. Six species not found in deposits equal in age to P4 or older are considered to be endemics, eight species occurring in older deposits presumably colonized Lake P4, and evidence for whether the remaining seven species were endemics or colonists is equivocal. The time for the formation, decline, and evaporation of Lake P4, in which P4 sediments were deposited, has been estimated at 21,000-24,000 years. Because all endemic Semionotus first occur in the first third of lake history, the estimated time for speciation of endemics is six species in 5000-8000 years. This rate is remarkably similar to that estimated for the five cichlids in Lake Nabugabo that diverged from Lake Victoria cichlids in about 4000 years.

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