Дисертації з теми "Fort développement"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Fort développement".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Bénéfice, Guillaume. "Développement d'une méthode de couplage partitionné fort en vue d'une application aux turbomachines." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0050/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo increase turbomachinery design, manufacturers have to comprehend complex aeroelastic phenomena involving compressors like fluid-structure interaction limit cycles of fans. The understanding and the modeling of these phenomena involve developing complex solvers coupling techniques and validating these techniques with bench tests. The bench test of the CREATE compressor is instrumented to study the coupling between aerodynamic instabilities and structure vibration, in particular on the first stage rotor, and allows to validate numerical techniques. The flow modeling upstream to the first stage with the Turb’Flow flow solver (targeting turbomachinery applications) shows that, to have accurate results, inlet limit conditions must take into account. The ingestion of non-homogeneous flow upstream to the inlet guide vane is accurately modeled. This phenomenon can appear upstream to fans and interact with structure Eigen-modes. Explicit partitioned strong coupling considered in time domain was implemented in a Turb’Flow flow solver. As there is a risk of time shift at the fluid-structure interface, careful attention should be paid to energy conservation at the interface. This conservation is crucial when displacements are large and when strong non-linear behaviors occur in both fluid and structure domains, namely shock waves, flow separations and non-linear structural damping. In parallel with coupling technique development, the three-order implicit Runge-Kutta scheme (RKI-3) was implemented and validated on a structure dynamic case (transonic turbine blade vibration) and on a case of shock waves propagation. The RKI-3 scheme allows increasing the time step of one order of magnitude with the same accuracy. There is a CPU time gain for structure dynamics simulations, but no for URANS simulations. However, the RKI-3 scheme can be to use for fluid-structure coupling simulations. The coupling technique was validated on a test case involving tube in which the shock wave impinges on a cross flow flexible panel, initially at rest. This case allows modeling an interaction between sonic flow and a panel movement with a tip clearance. Some numerical simulations were carried out with different temporal schemes. The RKI-3 scheme has no influence on results (compared with Gear and/or Newmark scheme) on the energy conservation at the fluid-structure interface. Compared to experimental results, pressure is in fairly good ix Liste des publications agreement. The analysis of numerical results highlighted that a vertical shock tube with up and down waves creates pressure fluctuation. Frequency is under predicted and amplitude is not in fairly good agreement. The panel root modeling might be questionable
Song, Bing. "Décisions des entrepreneurs. Création d'entreprise, entrepreneuriat à fort développement et évolution de l'équipe fondatrice." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0011.
Повний текст джерелаEntrepreneurs contribute significantly to economic activities and job creation. Engaging in entrepreneurial activities requires entrepreneurs to face the high likelihood of failure, take risks, and bear a great deal of uncertainty. Hence, understanding and identifying factors that contribute to individuals starting a business, keeping engaging in and growing their entrepreneurial activities are crucial. This study explores 1) a novel factor that determines various levels of entrepreneurial propensity across countries and cultures and 2) how the entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial teams choose their development paths and evolvement.Chapter 1 illustrates and initiatively employs a linguistic feature of future tense, inflectional morphology (i.e., conjugation) for future tense (IF), to measure the perception of uncertainty, and explores its effect on a country's entrepreneurial propensity. Using inflectional morphology for future tense is argued to make speakers perceive uncertainty intensely. Therefore, their resident countries and regions experience fewer new ventures created. The empirical evidence supports the proposition by using the country-level data in 137 countries from 2010 to 2018. The finding implies that the linguistic feature of future tense can serve as the institutional factor of an individual's perception of uncertainty and contribute to the heterogeneity of nationwide and regional entrepreneurial propensity.Chapter 2 investigates whether the founding team composition of novice entrepreneurs help predict whether they become high-growth entrepreneurs. Unlike previous research, this study takes the entrepreneur's perspective by tracking 1000 novice entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial activity in their first ten years. The results show that team composition in the very first company matters for the likelihood that entrepreneurs ultimately experience high-growth status. The findings further indicate that non-family members participating as business partners in the very first company of the entrepreneurs help them become habitual. Moreover, high-growth entrepreneurs are more often habitual entrepreneurs. When running the analysis at the company level, different results appear, which highlights the need for choosing well the level of analysis when comparing the outcomes of entrepreneurial activity.Chapter 3 assesses the evolution of entrepreneurial founding teams (EFTs). EFTs are key drivers of new ventures' success, but they are not static over time. In this chapter, the temporality of EFT evolutionary events is highlighted and evidenced to make different consequences. This investigation was conducted by tracking 1,000 U.K. EFTs for the first ten years of their ventures. Based on the temporal sequence of founder departure and new member entry, founder crowd-out and replacement are two newly defined types of evolution. The results reveal different antecedents (equity ownership, alternative entrepreneurial opportunity and the disparity of ownership distribution) for founder departure and crowd-out, as well as for new member entry and replacement. Furthermore, the disparity of ownership after evolution is affected differently by evolutionary events in terms of magnitude. These findings shed light on the importance of the temporality of EFT evolutionary events
Brozek, Cédrik. "Conception et développement de nouveaux alliages de titane à haute ductilité et fort écrouissage." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066099/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work carried out concerns the development and characterization of new high deformation titanium alloys, combining TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) and TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) effects. They are part of the search for more economical technologies in terms of energy costs, requiring in particular the development of lightweight and efficient structural materials with exceptional strength, toughness and ductility. We first used a semi-empirical approach, combining theoretical calculations and experimental data, as a method for designing these new alloys. Based on electronic parameters, this approach makes it possible to control the degree of stability of the β phase of titanium. This metallurgy, called combinatorial metallurgy, allowed us to quickly develop 3 new grades of alloys, which are : Ti-8.5Cr-1.5Sn, Ti-8.5Cr-1.5Al, and Ti-10V-4Cr-1Al. It turns out that several deformation mechanisms are triggered to plastically accommodate the material during an external mechanical stress. Among these mechanisms are the {332}⟨113⟩ twinning, the stress martensite, and the dislocation slip. We have shown that their synergy gives rise to two effects, a microstructural refinement effect called "dynamic Hall & Petch effect", and an effect comparable to the matrix-reinforcement interactions, called the "Composite effect". We then carried out a comparative ballistic test campaign with other titanium alloys, to analyze the behavior to damage, closest to a potential industrial application. We have shown that alloys with the ability to be transformable by deformation are those with the highest toughness (KIC) and resilience (KCV). Finally, in a final part, focusing on the opening of this thematic, we first studied the transposition of the design method to an industrial alloy. Then, a transposition of the TRIP / TWIP effects to α+β matrices, whose promising results of mechanical properties offer new perspectives.Keywords : Titanium alloys, Twinning, Strain-hardening, Deformation microstructure, Martensitic phase transformation
Henry, Jean-Pierre. "Stratégies paysannes dans une zone sahélo-soudanienne fort peuplée : L'arrondissement de Matameye (Niger Central)." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUEL022.
Повний текст джерелаLocated in central Niger, on the edge of the Damagaram and of Nigeria, Matameye district (department of Zinder) records a sahelo-sudanese climate featuring great irregularities in times and in space. Being on overcultivated area as well as a much inhabited one, its rural society must face serious threats : the disappearance of fallow, a marked erosion of soils, and crops which often enough show a deficit. In order to be able to meet their needs, heads of families must set up strategies : according to the feasibility they turn to commercial farming, horticulture or breeding. Markets, as trading and meeting places, ensure the spreading of crafstmen articles and manufactured intems. Due to its proximity to Nigeria, these peoples regularly migrate. The youngest brothers and the sons emigrate in order to escape the stiff authority of the Mai Gida. As a matter of fact, this rural community is of a hierarchical and septate type, needless to say, rather inequal. In view of the decrease of agricultural incomings, towards 1974, the technical and administrative authorities have launched upon this rural environment a developing project (known as the "3M" project : Magaria, Matameye and Mirria) regardless of any previous, serious, socio-economical study. The acts are being imposed without even consulting the peasants and it will be a failure that may very well leave a deep mark upon these peoples
Ben, Elhaj Salah Sami. "Modélisation non-locale et stochastique de matériaux à fort gradient de propriétés par développement asymptotique." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0018.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim is to propose a macroscopic, deterministic and non-local model, constructed by scale transition for heterogeneous materials with high property gradients and containing a random distribution of inclusions. More precisely, the inclusions are distributed in an elastic matrix according to a stochastic ergodic process. Several non-local models exist in the literature, but they do not allow (or very little) to obtain non-local quantities and/or fields at the macroscopic scale from a scale-transition. Besides, it is often difficult to link the non-local parameters to the microstructure. To this aim, we developed a two-step approach.In the first stage, we combined the method of asymptotic developments with an energetic approach to reveal a second displacement gradient in the strain energy. The advanced model involves three homogenized elasticity tensors functions of the stochastic parameter and of the phase properties. As opposed to the literature, the model involves two characteristic lengths strongly linked to the microstructure. These lengths define two morphological representative elementary volumes on which full field simulations are performed in order to determine the macroscopic strain tensors at orders 0 and 1 involved in the formulation of the model. In order to test this first version of the model, numerical simulations were performed. The estimate of the classical part of the energy, coming from the local part of the fields, has been successfully compared to classical bounds for a composite bar consisting of a random distribution of two homogeneous and isotropic elastic materials. Then, numerical solving of the whole model including the non-local terms has been performed in the three-dimensional case. Two types of microstructures with increasing morphological complexity were used. The first ones are virtual microstructures generated from a given simple pattern randomly distributed throughout the structure and composed of a big inclusion circled by six identical small ones. The second are real microstructures of Ethylène-Propylène-Diène Monomère (EPDM) obtained by tomography and containing clusters of inclusions with complex structures.In order to obtain a macroscopic model that can be used for structure analysis, without any full field intermediate calculations, a second scale transition has been performed using stochastic variational homogenization tools in the ergodic case. More precisely, the Γ-convergence method has been used in order to have a convergence of energy rather than that of mechanical fields, aiming at keeping a strong microstructural content. In fine, the model is macroscopic, non-local, deterministic and strongly connected to the microstructure. Non-local effects are now accounted for by the presence of the second displacement gradient but also by the presence of the virtual (memory) displacement field of the inclusions. The link with microstructure is still manifest through the presence of the stochastic parameter and phase properties, but also by the presence of the asymptotic fractions of the inclusion phase in the material and in each of the morphological volumes defined by the model characteristic lengths. In order to prepare the use of the model for structure calculations, a non-local finite element enriched with Hermit-type interpolations was implemented in FoXtroT, the finite element solver of the Pprime Institute. This element takes into account the virtual (memory) displacement field related to inclusions as well as the gradients of the macroscopic and virtual displacement fields. The first numerical results on this aspect, to our knowledge never discussed in the literature, are promising
Ren, Zheng. "Contribution au développement du transistor bipolaire à fort gain et d'un interrupteur bidirectionnel à quatre quadrants." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4031/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to meet the requirement of more efficient electrical energy management for intelligent buildings, a new 600V bidirectional switch, named as TBBS, has been proposed by the GREMAN laboratory. Previous studies have validated the current and voltage bidirectionality of this newly proposed topology. The research work carried out in this thesis deals with a deeper and more comprehensive study of this bidirectional switch and its elementary component - the High-gain bipolar juncion transistor. The first chapter introduces the operation of the TBBS and its physical modeling in a finite element simulation environment. The second chapter presentes the research work related to the experimental caracterisation of the TBBS and the High-gain bipolar junction transistor. At last the third chapter deals with the electrical modeling of these two bipolar components
Moreau, Franck. "Proposition d'une typologie des modes de développement des jeunes entreprises technologiques innovantes à fort potentiel de croissance." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100153.
Повний текст джерелаWithin an exploratory approach, our thesis is aimed to improve the description and the understanding of the development of high-tech start-ups. After defining the context of our research through a demographic study of the Sophia Antipolis clusters, we undertook three qualitative case studies. These case studies propelled us to envisage the existence of four distinct development models based on the temporality and integration of the activities linked to the technological, commercial, and financial development processes. Their existence was validated using a resourcebased and competence-based quantitative study of 20 companies within the framework of a procedural analysis. We propose a characterisation in terms of different variables and an operational and conceptual mapping of four development models entitled classic, simple, chaotic and complex
Mallet-Guy, Benoît. "Modèles non linéaires distribués des transistors à effet de champ : application à l'analyse de stabilité des transistors à fort développement de grille." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0019.
Повний текст джерелаFlorea, Ovidiu. "Développement d'un magnétomètre nanofabriqué très basse température (30 mK) et fort champ magnétique (16 T) : étude de nouveaux états magnétiques apparaissant dans les nanoaimants frustrés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY061/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work was to develop a Faraday force magnetometer to measureabsolute values of the magnetization at very low temperatures (30 mK) andhigh applied magnetic fields (16 T) with a high sensitivity (10-5 emu). This magnetometer will be especially dedicated to the study of the field induced properties of frustrated magnets.In a first part, I present the development of this magnetometer. It involves the optimization of the dilution refrigerator and field gradient coils, and the development of a capacitive detection with a cold amplifier stage to improve the measurement sensitivity. Preliminary magnetic measurements are shown. The changes in the design required to make the magnetometer operational are discussed.In a second part, I focus on experimental studies of frustrated magnets: Gadolinium garnets, described by classical spins, and Copper based frustrated molecular compounds, to probe quantum effects. These measurements were performed from 70 mK to 300 K, with the existing magnetometers at the Institut Neel.In Gd3Ga5O12, we have complemented the H-T phase diagram. This phase diagram was proven to be robust by our study on the isomorphous compound, Gd3Al5O12. We evidence the convergence of all the observed phases to a unique point in both samples.In quantum systems, we performed preliminary studies on Cu44 clusters with tetrahedral motives, and on a triangular system Cu3. Although promising, these studies were not pursued due to sample problems
Desplanche, Sarah. "De l'étude fondamentale d’hydrates d’acide fort par spectroscopie de vibration et de relaxation à l'application de leur super-conductivité protonique pour le développement d'une micropile à combustible." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0171/document.
Повний текст джерелаFuel cells (FC) using hydrogen possess very good energy performance and produce no greenhouse gases. It presents itself today as a clean and efficient solution. This alternative could then become a possible substitute for fossil fuels and palliate for the intermittency ofcertain renewable energies.There are various types of FC, mainly distinguished by the nature of the electrolyte that composes their proton exchange membrane. Using strong acid clathrate hydrates as solid electrolyte represents an alternative for which very little is known nowadays. These systems are nanoporous crystalline solids consisting of a water host network forming nanometric cavities encapsulating guest molecules. In the case of strong acid clathrate hydrates, the confinement of acidic species within the aqueous cages generates proton excess that isdelocalized along their aqueous network. At room temperature, these clathrate hydrates have then excellent proton conductivity, which is higher than that of the FCs membranes currently used. The objective of this PhD was to develop an electrolyte based on hexafluorophosphoricacid clathrate hydrate (one of the best-known conductors of this class of system) on the basisof a fundamental physico-chemical approach, and to develop a miniaturized FC assemblyincorporating this new electrolyte.At a fundamental level, it was necessary to understand the driving factors responsible for the super-protonic conductivity of these systems and in particular, the relationship between the conductivity and the hydration number (i.e. water to acid molar ratio in the clathrate). The microscopic mechanisms have been studied by means of Raman spectroscopy and imaging, supplemented by nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments. A set of results concerning the structure (clathrate type, phase transition and thermodynamic stability), the dynamics (vibrational modes, proton diffusion and kinetics) and the chemistry (inclusion of fluorinated impurities) has thus been obtained. As a selective and microscopic probe, the Raman scattering technique provided unique information. It allowed to probe the acid-cages interactions, to propose an experimental protocol monitoring the hydration number and also,to reveal, for the first time, a microstructuration of the clathrate hydrate only observed abovea hydration threshold. These physico-chemical properties have been correlated with the conductivity measurements, making it possible to understand the impact of the hydration number and of the chemical impurities onto the electrochemical performances of the solid electrolyte. All these results led to an original technological development. A new micro-fuel cell using hexafluorophosphoric acid hydrates as the electrolyte has been designed. This development offers a FC with performances comparable to the FCs currently available and operating from room temperature to negative temperatures
Jaunay, André. "Capital social et entrepreneuriat. Contribution des dispositifs d’appui à l’entrepreneuriat à la constitution du capital social des créateurs d’entreprises à fort potentiel." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090051.
Повний текст джерелаWe study the ability of the various devices supporting new companies to satisfy entrepreneurs’ needs regarding social capital. These needs are critical and evolving, and vary significantly depending on the social characteristics of the entrepreneur. We test the hypothesis that the support organizations that Richez- Battesti (2005) call “embedded” have a higher capacity than non-embedded ones do.Our study does not confirm this hypothesis: the embedding of support mechanisms is not determinative. Instead, the crucial factor is the entrepreneur’s personality. The environment proposes, whereas the entrepreneur chooses.However, we demonstrate that some features of these devices are critical. The results allow for us to conclude that certain public policies, devices and learning processes related to entrepreneurs can have an impact on both the constitution of social capital and the inequalities in social capital
Alvarado, patino Nelson Andrey. "Évaluation des performances thermomécaniques des enrobés bitumineux à fort taux de recyclage : Apport du procédé de régénération Fenixfalt." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0021/document.
Повний текст джерелаAn experimental programme has been performed on three types of bituminous mixes with variable recycling rates and the possible addition of rejuvenator. The mix composition and the production process have been defined in order to perform a comparative analysis. The coating process modifies the physico-chemical parameters of the binders, like consistency, glassy transition temperature, cristallizable moiety, aromatics and asphaltenes rates; the above variations are limited by using the rejuvenator. As the RAP content increases, the compactibility and the rutting of the mixes decrease and the viscoelastic stiffness increases, but the rejuvenation reduces these variations. Globally, RAP increases the fatigue resistance of the mixes and flattens the Wöhler curve. Rejuvenation enhances ɛ6 fatigue parameter; fatigue performances increase with R&B temperature and colloidal index of the binder and as the viscous component of the mixes decreases. The positive impact of a high rate of RAP and of the rejuvenation on the allowable traffic has been evaluated from the structural design of a threelayered pavement. At low temperature, the deterioration of the tension ductility and of the stress restrained failure temperature produced by the RAP, is limited by the rejuvenation; a compromise with the fatigue resistance has to be found. The rejuvenated mixes laid as surface layers on a provincial road have experienced a smaller evolution that non rejuvenated mixes
Irzyk, Michaël. "Généralisation de faisceaux d'ions à partir de plasmas à haute densité : simulations numériques par code PIC de l'extraction, de la mise en forme du faisceau et de l'usure des grilles, développement de sources radio-fréquences à forte densité de courant (Ar, Xe) et à fort taux de dissociation (O2, N2)." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2036.
Повний текст джерелаDumas, Antoine. "Développement de méthodes probabilistes pour l'analyse des tolérances des systèmes mécaniques sur-contraints." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0054/document.
Повний текст джерелаTolerance analysis of mechanism aims at evaluating product quality during its design stage. Technique consists in computing a defect probability of mechanisms in large series production. An assembly condition and a functional condition are checked. Current method mixes a Monte Carlo simulation and an optimization algorithm which is too much time consuming. The objective of this thesis is to develop new efficient method based on probabilistic approach to deal with the tolerance analysis of overconstrained mechanism. First, a linearization procedure is proposed to simplify the optimization algorithm step. The impact of such a procedure on the probability accuracy is studied. To overcome this issue, iterative procedures are proposed to deal with the assembly problem. They enable to compute accurate defect probabilities in a reduced computing time. Besides, a new resolution method based on the system reliability method FORM (First Order Reliability Method) for systems was developed for the functional problem. In order to apply this method, a new system formulation of the tolerance analysis problem is elaborated. Formulation splits up the overconstrained mechanism into several isoconstrained configurations. The goal is to consider only the main configurations which lead to a failure situation. The proposed method greatly reduces the computing time allowing getting result within minutes. Low probabilities can also be reached and the order of magnitude does not influence the computing time
Karlsson, Mina. "L’aide au développement en Éthiopie : Une comparaison de l’aide au développement apportée à l’Ethiopie par deux pays européens." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-92000.
Повний текст джерелаKestemont, Bruno. "Les indicateurs de développement durable: fondements et applications." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210086.
Повний текст джерелаLa comparaison des courants de la soutenabilité faible et de la soutenabilité forte nous sert de fil conducteur pour évaluer la part normative et la part objective du choix des paramètres et de leur méthode d'agrégation. L'agrégation arithmétique implique des hypothèses de substituabilité entre les facteurs, ce qui relève de la soutenabilité faible. La pondération, toujours normative, peut être explicite ou se traduire par le choix d'une unité ou dimension unique. Nous redéfinissons la soutenabilité faible comme étant la réduction de la complexité à une dimension unique. Il y a dès lors autant d'indicateurs de soutenabilité faible que de choix possibles de cette dimension unique. En particulier, l'empreinte écologique par habitant relève d'une forme "écologique" de soutenabilité faible. Le prix de marché est l'unité fondamentale de mesure de sa forme "économique". Nous montrons que les acteurs ne savent pas bien identifier leur intérêt et qu'ils ne sont pas parfaitement égoïstes, ce qui introduit un biais non systématique remarquable dans toute mesure en unité monétaire. La soutenabilité forte se caractérise par la multiplicité de dimensions ou "capitaux critiques" dont le dépassement d'un seul suffit à déterminer la non soutenabilité. Les différentes formes de soutenabilités faibles peuvent représenter des capitaux critiques parmi d'autres.
Nous présentons une typologie des acteurs et du partage des responsabilités, également susceptible d'introduire des grandes divergences dans les résultats publiés. Quelques études de cas illustrent ces différents éléments dans des contextes contrastés. L'empreinte écologique de consommation se limite en particulier à une responsabilisation du seul consommateur, alors que les comptes nationaux permettent d'envisager la coresponsabilité de l'ensemble des acteurs. L'indicateur de "dématérialisation de l'économie" appliqué à un village indien montre la pertinence de mesurer l'utilisation absolue de matière sans pondération monétaire. Il est par ailleurs possible de minimiser le coût de dépollution sans toucher à la limite absolue d'émissions globales de centrales thermiques. Les deux dimensions, coûts sociaux et bénéfices environnementaux, peuvent donc être traitées séparément.
En conclusion, il est possible d'identifier, dans chaque calcul d'indicateur de développement durable, une composante relativement objective de soutenabilité "forte" et une composante "faible", négociable, de partage des droits et responsabilités.
/ We study how different world views may influence how to develop sustainable development indicators. The comparison of weak sustainability and strong sustainability serves as a guide to estimate the share of objective versus normative choice of parameters and their method of aggregation. We then present a typology of actors and shared responsibilities, which may also introduce large discrepancies in the results published. Some case studies illustrate these different elements in contrasting contexts. It appears that it is possible to identify in each calculation of sustainable development indicator, a relatively objective component of sustainability and a negotiable component of shared rights and responsibilities.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Amicy, Anne-Suze. "L’éducation relative à l’environnement dans le programme des deux premiers cycles du niveau fondamental en Haïti. Analyse comparative des programmes de sciences expérimentales de France, Haïti et Ontario (Canada)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research is part of a dynamics of quality assessment and applicability of education on the environment in the science curriculum in elementary Haiti, while taking into account what is being practiced in France and Canada (Ontario). The analysis of the content of curricula of experimental sciences of these three (3) countries has served to mark such an approach. Irresponsible behaviors towards the environment faced with serious problems are aggravating factors that directly affect the entire population. Accelerated environmental degradation of the Republic of Haiti is a major concern that requires to look for more concrete and lasting actions in order to greatly contribute to solving these numerous problems. These findings require a different approach, a different way of thinking. It is a matter of orienting education and teaching to new paradigms including education on the environment enshrined in international forums as an important tool in the resolution of environmental problems and whose aim is to create citizens endowed with genuine environmental awareness. The analysis of the sciences curricula of elementary schools of the three countries under study allows to see that the school systems are moving more towards an education which tends to transmit and to make acquire knowledge about EE for the environment instead of placing the child in the real learning environment where he may develop close relationships with the environment. This observation led us to interview 50 school officials and 212 teachers of the fundamental level in Haiti about their vision, their knowledge and the place reserved to this concept in their teaching schedules. The result of the analysis of these data shows great ignorance of the concept in the school environment under study and in addition to that EE just widens the gap of school inequalities already obvious in Haiti
Girard, Julien N. "Développement de la Super Station LOFAR & observations planétaires avec LOFAR." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835834.
Повний текст джерелаVan, den Bossche Olivier. "Entreprendre pour le développement. Une histoire des politiques UE-ACP de développement du secteur privé, de Lomé à Cotonou (1975-2000)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA063.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis retraces the historical construction of a so-called priority development aid policy. Private sector development policies consist of aiming at economic development by strengthening the local private sector (micro, small and medium-sized enterprises) and improving the foreign investment climate. The implementation of these policies is studied here in the context of the relations between the European Union institutions and the countries of the Africa-Caribbean-Pacific (ACP) group from 1975 to 2000, that is to say during the five successive EU-ACP partnership agreements known as the Lomé Conventions.Although these policies represent a dominant objective of development aid today, they already existed in other forms as early as 1975. The author decided to study the evolution of a development aid public policy with a particular focus on the institutions in Brussels. The author looks at the links of the services of the Directorate-General for Development (DG VIII) of the European Commission with the Community or joint instruments serving this policy: the European Investment Bank and the Centre for Industrial Development. The history of these policies is interspersed with the evolutions that are specific to certain transnational economic networks, member states, and other international organizations (World Bank, OECD). The research is placed in a double perspective of international organizations history and a transnational history of economic networks, to trace the individual socio-professional trajectories and the institutional dynamics that explain the making of European development policies.Three stages are studied: industrial co-operation (1975-1985), which aims to achieve a marriage of interests between the political objectives of developing countries in the framework of the “New International Economic Order” and the economic needs of Europe; the emergence of “private sector development” as a new hegemonic terminology within the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) (1985-1995); the time for institutional and operational reforms of development aid in the name of effectiveness and global changes (1995-2000)
Davi, Hendrik. "Développement d'un modèle forestier générique simulant les flux et les stocks de carbonne et d'eau dans le cadre des changements climatiques." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112303.
Повний текст джерелаA model simulating CO2 and H2O stocks and fluxes is described, parameterised, validated and improved at forestry stand scale and up scaling to the region is set about. The effect on simulated fluxes of the uncertainty on key input parameters is estimated. Each process implemented in the model is then separately evaluated. After that, the model is adapted to various forest ecosystems and validated from hours to decals by comparison with carbon fluxes and wood growth measurements. To improve the carbon water coupling and the response of foliar photosynthesis to irradiance, the mésophylle resistance for CO2 flux between stomata and chloroplasts is incorporated in the photosynthesis model. To improve the aerial wood growth simulation, an allocation scheme is developed for deciduous trees using two kinds of functional constraints: the carbohydrates homeostasis and the hydraulic equilibrium. Two models, one simulating the Leaf Area Index from carbohydrates content, the other simulating the Leaf mass per Area from absorbed irradiance by leaves, are also developed and validated. After that, the spatial aggregation effect of the key input parameters, spatially varying, on the simulated fluxes, is quantified using a sensitivity analysis and three study cases at three different scales (from 1 ha to 1000 ha). Lastly, at regional scale, a linear relationship between the average LAI and the logarithm of the standard deviation of NDVI measured by remote sensing is highlighted and the theoretical basis of this relationship is studied
Nassour, John. "Success-failure learning for humanoid : study on bipedal walking." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERSA001.
Повний текст джерелаWe learn and develop from our experiences through continuous interactions with the world. Neurological understanding of the learning mechanisms is beginning to emerge to a level where they can be validated on robots. The Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) is involved in cognitive control by acting as an early warning system for error in relation to the risk taking tendency (the Vigilance). Whereas, the Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC) plays a role in reward loop by coding of outcomes, thus, regulating decision-making and expectation. These neural mechanisms play an underpinning role in cognitive development and learning. Furthermore, it has been shown that robust and complex motor patterns are said to originate from the spinal cord, where it is believe to process a central patterns generator (CPG). This thesis presents computational neural models, realized on a robot that can acquire and learn from experiences. A framework for success-failure learning based on the studies of ACC is presented, this learning framework provide a neural mechanism that allows the robot to learn from experiences. Based on the OFC, this success-failure learning was extended to support for coding of reward adaptively which enhance the learning to improve the robot's performance. A low-level controller based on the studies of CPG was developed to provide a diverse patterns generator for the production of motor patterns for learning. Bringing it all together, we validated the success-failures learning framework with the supports of the extended CPG on a humanoid robot, NAO, learning to walk under varying condition. The results showed that the robot was able to adapt as well as deal with disturbances
Meqdadi, Osama. "Interaction approach for exploring sustainability spread in supply networks." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4019.
Повний текст джерелаThe integration of sustainability with supply networks has become a salient issue that companies seek to achieve in order to enhance their competitiveness. Although there is a considerable body of research that concerns sustainability integration with supply chain management, there is still a lack of understanding on how companies can spread sustainability across their supply networks and what strategies to adopt to achieve that. This thesis acknowledges this research gap and adopts the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) interaction approach where change concept and relationship characteristics, particularly power and trust, are utilized to investigate sustainability spread across supply networks. Accordingly, this thesis adopts a supply network perspective to study what influences companies to adopt certain sustainability strategies, how sustainability initiatives spread to suppliers and across supply networks, and impact of power and trust on sustainability spread within supply networks. The thesis revealed five strategies, reactive, proactive, reactive monitoring, proactive mentoring and integrating, that contribute to better understanding of how companies can adopt certain strategies to spread sustainability within companies and across supply networks. The findings indicate that power impact is evident in implementing the reactive monitoring strategy where coercive power has significant impact on influencing suppliers to spread sustainability. Trust and non-coercive power appear to enhance implementing the proactive mentoring and integrating sustainability strategies and spread of sustainability across supply networks
Schweizer, Stéphane. "Développement de catalyseurs réutilisables au palladium supporté sur polymère : applications à la formation de liaisons carbone-carbone." Mulhouse, 2008. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/developpement-de-catalyseurs-reutilisables-au-palladium-supporte-sur-polymere-applications-a-la-form/BUS4085749.
Повний текст джерелаPalladium-catalyzed reactions have now a crucial importance for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. The usual homogeneous catalysts present two major disadvantages : firstly they are very expensive and usually cannot be recovered for reuse, only the precious metal itself can be recovered, secondly traces of palladium remain in waste and products, which requires expensive purification steps of the products. We have therefore prepared reusâble heterogeneous catalysts, where the palladium is supported on a polymer bearing various phosphino groups, prepared from a Merrifield polymer. Catalysts possessing diarylphosphino ligands are very efficient for the Suzuki coupling reactions from aryl brodes, and for the Heck and Sonogashira reactions from aryl iodides, in the presence of 0. 5 to 2. 5 milliequivalents of supported palladium. To perform the Suzuki coupling from aryl chlorides, which possess only a weak reactivity, but are cheap and easily accessible, we have prepared catalysts bearing alkylarylphosphino ligands. These catalysts are more sensitive in the presence of protic solvents, (specific experimental conditions for the coupling reaction had to be devised) but also much more reactive. Excellent yields were obtained for the coupling reactions from many aryl chlorides. We patented this supported catalyst, which is the first catalyst of general use for this coupling reaction from aryl chlorides. All our supported catalysts could be reused many times without showing any loss of efficiency and palladium losses are minimal (some microequivalents of the substrate)
Janvier, Baptiste. "Localisation et repérage temporel des moments forts de la journée du jeune enfant : Effets de l'adjonction d'indications visuelles des "temps forts" données par la montre Prim' Time." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR2015.
Повний текст джерелаHector, Paul Geoffrey Cuthbert. "A knowledge-based development model for primate cities of the developing world." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE058.
Повний текст джерелаThis mixed methods research study seeks to develop, validate and assess the policy- relevance of a Knowledge-based development Model. The model is based on UNESCO’s Knowledge Societies Conceptual Framework. This model is developed from the literature, validated through expert panels and field tested through application in selected primate cities of developing countries located in Africa and Asia. The study seeks to gain insights through the use of the maturity model into how the knowledge assets within the identified cities can be more effectively leveraged to address the strategic societal challenges identified by the United Nations in its post-2015 sustainable development goals (SDGs).Hevner’s (2004) Design Science Research provides an overarching epistemological, ontological and axiological frame for structuring this investigation. The process of scoping, designing and evaluating the model was guided by Mettler’s (2009) parameters for model development. Drawing on the extant literature, indicators for the nine constructs in the UNESCO framework – human rights, pluralism, inclusion, equity, openness, freedom of expression, universal access to information, cultural and linguistic diversity and education – were developed and the maturity model populated. Consultations with subject experts, as well as a Delphi study with a purposefully selected panel of more than 60 global experts provided the means for validating the Model. Pilot studies in Addis Ababa and Bangkok enabled an empirical exploration of the model, an assessment of the city’s knowledge maturity and provided insights into the model’s policy relevance. Findings from the pilots further contributed to the model’s refinement.This research is the first-ever attempt to develop and empirically apply a knowledge-based development model grounded in UNESCO Knowledge’s Societies Conceptual Framework. This study supports the Organization’s mission of creating policy tools and resources for developing countries, in particular, itprovides a concrete response to Recommendation 10 of the UNESCO World Report: Towards Knowledge Societies (UNESCO, 2005). The potential for knowledge and knowledge processes in overcoming strategic societal challenges, such as the SDGs, is recognized, but there is still limited understanding around how to effectively identify and leverage knowledge at the societal level and to extend knowledge management from the realm of the organization to the society (Bresnahan & Gambardella, 2004; Ergazakis & Metaxiotis, 2011; Ritter, 2006; Yigitcanlar et al., 2012; Yigitcanlar & Lönnqvist, 2013). This field is still in a pre-paradigmatic phase with methodologies, frameworks and approaches still evolving (Ergazakis & Metaxiotis, 2011), so the dissertation and the model it advances contribute to theory-building in the area of societal-level knowledge management, and supporting policy-makers in their response to the SDGs. This research also builds transdisciplinary linkages across disparate fields of endeavor such as knowledge management, intellectual capital as well as human rights and human development.Globalization and the ease of mobility is increasing the heterogeneity of cities, posing new challenges for social cohesion. Previously the largest cities were located in the developed world but in the future they will be in developing countries (UNDESA, 2014). Developing countries are not well prepared to cope with the challenges of rapid population growth and urbanization. Research on cities is still focused on those of the developed world whose conditions and context are materially different from those of the developing world (Atiqul Haq, 2012; Jenkins, 2013; Roy, 2005). Accordingly, this limits the generalizability of existing research. This dissertation therefore contributes to the academic literature on the role of knowledge management in the rapidly urbanizing cities of the developing world
Yiou, Sylvie. "Développement de sources laser solides de forte luminance autour de 980 nm." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00787545.
Повний текст джерелаVoldoire, Adrien. "Outil de développement et d'optimisation dédié aux onduleurs SiC de forte puissance." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT037.
Повний текст джерелаThe exponential development of aircraft transportation is a threat in the context of global warming. One of the solutions investigated consists in increasing the amount of embedded electrical power systems and actuators. Using a deterministic optimization tool appear as a promising solution to take into account the multiple compromises in a power converter design during the pre-design step, with the goal to minimize the weight. An optimization tool is proposed to bring comparative elements between different inverter topologies and technological solutions.The development of the tool requires elaborating analytical models to be compliant with the gradient-based algorithm. Harmonic analyses with Fourier transform enable calculating the signal ripples, to respect aircraft standards. Components are also designed precisely with appropriate loss models to estimate the converter efficiency. All the developed models are experimentally validated with a 10 kW prototype.As the use a gradient-based algorithm is not common in power electronics, studies are carried out to validate this proposed methodology. These studies show the effectiveness of the algorithm choice in the pre-design step, and indicates some limits and forecasts. Finally, the algorithm is used to compare different architectural and technological solutions on aircraft cases. The results are discussed regarding classical sizing methodologies
Mindykowski, Pierrick. "Etude des mécanismes d'inflammation impliqués dans le développement des feux de végétation." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX1A080.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work is an experimental, numerical and theoretical study of the mechanisms involved in the piloted ignition of wildland fuels. In the first part, the transport and combustion of firebrands, responsible for the spotting process, are modeled to determine the ignition potential of these particles at landing. Model results are in good agreement with literature data. Scaling laws based on the Froude modeling approach are proposed. The second part is devoted to the piloted ignition of wildland fuel beds exposed to a radiant heat flux. Experiments were conducted on pine needle fuel beds using the FPA. A comparative analysis between the experimental data and the results obtained using the two-phase model SAFIR, developed at IUSTI, is carried out to improve the knowledge of the ignition mechanism. An integral model is also proposed describing the transient heating of a fuel bed exposed to an incident heat flux and including convective and radiative losses. From this integral model, a relevant high-flux asymptotic solution is derived that relates linearly the inverse of the ignition time to the incident heat flux. Eventually we propose a procedure based on the asymptotic solution for the determination of the ignition time from a few experiments at high incident heat fluxes
Golra, Fahad Rafique. "A Refinement based methodology for software process modeling." Télécom Bretagne, 2014. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=14184.
Повний текст джерелаThere is an increasing trend to consider the processes of an organization as one of its highly valuable assets. Processes are the reusable assets of an organization which define the procedures of routine working for accomplishing its goals. The software industry has the potential to become one of the most internationally dispersed high-tech industry. With growing importance of software and services sector, standardization of processes is also becoming crucial to maintain credibility in the market. Software development processes follow a lifecycle that is very similar to the software development lifecycle. Similarly, multiple phases of a process development lifecycle follow an iterative/incremental approach that leads to continuous process improvement. This incremental approach calls for a refinement based strategy to develop, execute and maintain software development processes. This thesis develops a conceptual foundation for refinement based development of software processes keeping in view the precise requirements for each individual phase of process development lifecycle. It exploits model driven engineering to present a multi-metamodel framework for the development of software processes, where each metamodel corresponds to a different phase of a process. A process undergoes a series of refinements till it is enriched with execution capabilities. Keeping in view the need to comply with the adopted standards, the architecture of process modeling approach exploits the concept of abstraction. This mechanism also caters for special circumstances where a software enterprise needs to follow multiple process standards for the same project. On the basis of the insights gained from the examination of contemporary offerings in this domain, the proposed process modeling framework tends to foster an architecture that is developed around the concepts of ``design by contract" and ``design for reuse". This allows to develop a process model that is modular in structure and guarantees the correctness of interactions between the constituent activities. Separation of concerns being the motivation, data-flow within a process is handled at a different abstraction level than the control-flow. Conformance between these levels allows to offer a bi-layered architecture that handles the flow of data through an underlying event management system. An assessment of the capabilities of the proposed approach is provided through a comprehensive patterns-based analysis, which allows a direct comparison of its functionality with other process modeling approaches
Bensoussan, Vardina. "Rôle des gènes Msx dans les mécanismes d'acquisition de l'identité antérieure dans le bourgeon de membre chez la souris." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066008.
Повний текст джерелаAit, Fqir Ali Fatima Zahra. "Développement et caractérisation de nouveaux procédés de passivation pour les capteurs d'images CMOS." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10186.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to maintain or enhance the electro-optical performances while decreasing the pixel size, advanced CMOS Image Sensors (CIS) requires the implementation of new architectures. For this purpose, deep trenches for pixel isolation (DTI) and backside illumination (BSI) have been introduced as ones of the most promising candidates. The major challenge of these architectures is the high dark current level (Idark) due to the generation/recombination centers present at both, DTI sidewalls and backside surfaces. Therefore, the creation of very shallow doped junctions at these surfaces reducing Idark and further crosstalk by drifting the photo-generated carriers to the photodiode region appears as key process step for introducing these architectures. For the backside surface passivation, a very shallow doped layer can be achieved by low-energy implantation followed by very short and localized heating provided by pulsed laser annealing (PLA). In the melt regime, box-shaped profiles with activation rates close to 100% and excellent crystalline quality have been achieved. The non-melt regime shows some potential, especially for multiple pulse conditions. In the optimal process conditions, very low level of Idark comparable to the standard reference has been achieved. In the other side, the passivation of DTI sidewalls has been performed by in-situ doped Epitaxy. Deposited layers with good uniformity and doping conformity all along the DTI cavity have been achieved. The electrical results show Idark values lower than the standard reference
Laslandes, Marie. "Miroirs actifs de l'espace - Développement de systèmes d'optique active pour les futurs grands observatoires." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764315.
Повний текст джерелаMaureira, Fabiola. "Favoriser la construction d’un collectif apprenant : les conditions organisationnelles du développement des compétences d’un collectif éphémère." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1018/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present research is developed to identify the organizational conditions that create and develop teamwork oriented to learn at the national Forest Fire Control and Coordination Centre in Chile. The aim is to set up the operational configuration of a temporary team in order to give its members the knowledge to manage and deal with dynamic, complex and potentially risky situations. In this context, the quick training of novices and the updating of knowledge and know-how of experienced workers is an important issue for both developing operator skills and operationalizing the collective. Using an ethnomethodology approach based on the theories of situated action and distributed social cognition we have analyzed the formal learning process at the beginning of the forest fire season and the informal learning strategies developed during the season in order to operationalize an heterogeneous team. We also have analyzed the role of each team member and the assistance provided by each in order to help others learn and become a high performance team member.Several strategies are employed during the two periods of the season. We observed an active participation of members of the team, self-organization, and mutual support not only in order to fulfill the task, but also in order to exploit opportunities for learning from experience. We also have found seven different kinds of behaviour and verbal interaction aimed at learning while on the job, identified as accelerator of training, learning and knowledge recovery. Some of them proved to be most used in calm periods of the work day, while others were used during the management of forest fires. By the end of the season, all strategies tended to be less frequent.It is possible to identify an organizational strategy aimed at creating environments that allow a community of practice in action to be created, that contribute to the construction of a collective and to the development of a collective competence, the “épistèmo-vigilance” that exploits both the constructive and productive dimension of the activity. All of those strategies allow them to deal with risky dynamic work environments, to establish a high-performance team and to set an enabling work environment
Sadiqi, Khalid. "L'initiative nationale pour le développement humain au Maroc : étude et perspectives." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0102/document.
Повний текст джерелаMan represents the true wealth of nation, as he persues social advance while seeking his personal well-being by means of concrete actions to improve his life style. That is why Morocco has launched the National Initiative for Human Development through king Mohamed Vl’ s speech on the 18th of May 2005, to fight against social exclusion, precariousness and poverty and to raise itself to the position of advanced countries. Our NIHD study rests on the evaluation of the fight program against precariousness in Chaouia-Ouardigha region. This is one of Morocco’s most closely studied regions, since it has benefited from projects within this framework. The National Initiative for Human Development is therefore a vast and permanent field which puts man at the heart of development and ensures the durability of his plans. The human development has both an economic and a social nature. It requires an active public Policy. That is why there would be no more reason for it to exist without the state, which asserted itself from the end of the nineties in accordance with A. Sen’ s Works which emphasize the role of the state in human development
Naisson, Pierre. "Développement de portes-outils, d'outils et de modèles pour la maîtrise du perçage vibratoire." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI045/document.
Повний текст джерелаSelf-sustained vibration drilling offers the technological breakthrough needed to increase the performance of deep drilling. A special tool holder is designed to allow axial vibration, and comes as a spring mass system, whose characteristics are identified by the use of the theory of stability lobes. Identification of the geometric characteristics of an optimal tool requires the characterization of tribological aspects, mechanical properties of the machined material, and the definition of a proper edge preparation. Finally, this process is driven by the energy of the cut, and two types of effort have been identified. The Edge-Material-Pair Method is based on the discretization of the drilling thrust force during penetration phase, while the analytical approach can predict forces from a cut pattern identified from oblique cutting tests
Lepinay, Kevin. "Développement et applications de la tomographie chimique par spectroscopie EDX." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0124/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the evaluation of the STEM EDX chemical tomography technique: development of experimental procedures, data processing and volumes reconstruction, quality analysis of the results and evaluation of the overall complexity. Until now, STEM EDX analysis performances were very limited, so only few studies about this technique have been realized. However, very significant progress procured by the new SDD detectors as well as by the high brightness electronic sources (X-FEG), making the STEM EDX 2D analysis very fast, have revived the possibility of the chemical tomography, although the technique has to be developed and evaluated (performance and complexity). We have worked on a Tecnai Osiris which acquires EDX chemical mapping of hundreds of thousands of pixels with resolution of one nanometer and in a few minutes. We chose to prepare the rod-shaped samples by FIB and use a sample holder allowing an angle of exploration of 180° without shadowing effects. Then, using model samples (SiO2 balls in resin), we evaluated the sample deformation due to the electron beam irradiation. This allowed us to propose a method to reduce this effect by depositing a 20 nm chromium layer. Images simulations were used to evaluate the software and the reconstruction methods. The methodology of each step of the STEM EDX tomography analysis is then explained and the technique interest is demonstrated by comparing the 2D and the 3D analysis of a transistor 28 nm FDSOI. The quality of the reconstructions (signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution) was evaluated, in function of experimental parameters, using simulations and experiments. A resolution of 4 nm is demonstrated through the analysis of a test pattern and a "gate all around” transistor. For the same transistor, the possibility and the interest of a failure analysis at the nanoscale is proven. Analyses of a SRAM gate fail or of the holes in a copper pillar explain the benefits of a combination between a HAADF volume (morphology and resolution < 4 nm) and an EDX volume (chemical information). To conclude, this technique, which still needs to be improved in terms of simplicity, is already showing its usefulness for the analysis and the development of advanced technologies (20nm node and beyond)
Heckmann, Sylvain. "Contribution au développement d'une filière de transistors bipolaires à hétérojonction de très forte puissance en bandes L et S pour applications de télécommunications civiles et radar." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a149f671-c136-482d-9b2e-893a745a0815/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0029.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOuattara, Nama. "Bailleurs émergents et financements du développement : le cas de la Chine en Afrique Subsaharienne." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111012.
Повний текст джерелаWith globalization, the concept of development has gradually evolved into logic of a more or less controlled opening to the outside world, guided by the liberalization of economic, diplomatic and cultural exchanges. The evolution of international relations marked by this opening strategy has gradually induced a transformation of global geopolitics. New economic powers are emerging and reviving an interest around the financing of development in low-income countries. In this regard, the case of China, which is carefully building relations with African countries, challenges us. Therefore, this thesis takes a look at the intensification of Sino-African relations in the context of development finance. Starting from the theoretical framework for the relationship between openness and growth, it aims to demonstrate how the successful experience of China's opening to the rest of the world can be an asset to the economies of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In particular, our argument is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis conducted on a sample of ten SSA countries. It also highlights how the strengthening of China-Africa relations, through an increase in trade, investment and aid flows, contributes to the financing of development
Deslandes, Pierre. "Développement d'oscillateurs lasers à fibre de forte puissance moyenne et à durée d'impulsion ajustable." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931000.
Повний текст джерелаAssouho, Frankline Ghislaine. "Contribution au développement d'une stratégie éducative visant à reconnecter les jeunes à la forêt." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30220/30220.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDeslandes, Pierre. "Développement d’oscillateurs lasers à fibre de forte puissance moyenne et à durée d’impulsion ajustable." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14757/document.
Повний текст джерелаA growing number of applications such as micro-machining of electronical components need high average power in a various range of wavelengths (infrared at 1030 nm, green at 515 nm and ultravioletat 343 nm). These high average power lasers are generally design using a MOPA (MasterOscillator Power Amplifier) scheme. Following this idea, Eolite systems wants to develop its own oscillators since it already masters the different difficulties when trying to reach high average power,especially by using rod-type fibers with a large mode area. The development of high power picosecondfiber oscillators is a essential piece in the global amplification scheme. In the frame of a CIFRE contract between Eolite Systems and the Laboratoire Onde et Matière d’Aquitaine of the Universitéde Bordeaux 1 we have developed different laser oscillators with an average power of more than10 W at a repetition rate of 74 MHz. The pulse duration generated is ranging from 20 ps down to130 fs. The pulsed regime was initiated using non-linear polarization evolution in the fiber and in anormal dispersion laser cavity. This lead to the generation of pulse energies in the range of 150 nJ for the different architectures. We also developed a numerical code in ordre to fully understand the influence of the different elements in the laser cavity. The results are in good agreement with those obtained with the experimental setup
Javadi, Hamid. "Développement d'outils informatiques pour aider à la conception des machines à forte discrétion vibratoire." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT113H.
Повний текст джерелаDella, Vedova Gilles. "Les acteurs du développement rural en Isère : canton de Villard-de-Lans 19e-21e siècles." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Villard-de-Lans canton may be deeemed a historiographic “point aveugle”. As a mountainous area, supposedly isolated, it does seem alien to the English model of rural growth.However a diachronic study over two centuries, concentrating upon 1830 to 1930, illustrates the interplay of a variety of actors. A prosopographic method will challenge the very concept of rural growth.To begin with, rural growth is undetermined by the successive steps of the industrial revolution. Ever since the beginning of the XIX C., the “Quatre Montagnes” are involved with the main transformations ; many signs point to regular exchanges with Grenoble, the “chef-lieu” of Isère. Assuredly, the upper classes play an important role but many other families are linked with various types of activities on the plain. Sometimes, they will find the means to stay at home, sometimes they will favour collective growth, thanks for instance to the municipal council. These are major actors of rural growth.Secondly, growth here depends on the early boom of bovine-breeding (“élevage”) as well as on the timber trade.We have concentrated upon the policy of cattle-breeding for it involves the largest number of local actors as well as being the scene of a scale-game. The recognition by the State of the Villard-de-Lans breed (1864) followed by the creation of a “Concours départemental spécial” (1893-1914) enable to discover the interplay, sometimes antagonistic, of farmers and State agents. Pluriactivity remain strong despite the launching of a new industry (breeding facility (1875)) and a segmentation of its various departments.Finally, rural growth delivers itself through the expansion of tourism between 1875 and the interwar period. Here also a common construction is detailed between the active promoters of a new industry and the local societies determined to make the most of this opportunity via enhanced access, commercial development and their beautiful woodland. The category of specialization is irrelevant for many activities, apart from “élevage”, caracterize the “canton” at the start of the XXth C. : growth here is neither industrial nor mono-occupational nor dependent upon a small number of individuals. The community is decisive. There is more than a mere hierarchy between town and country - thanks to the multiplicity of occupations, a section of the population can go from preservation to growth. The rich period from 1875 to the interwar years invites to a reassessment of the contemporary evolution from 1950 to the present
Martino, Joseph. "Développement d'une chaine de détection bolométrique supraconductrice pour la mesure de la polarisation du Fond Diffus Cosmologique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794700.
Повний текст джерелаCaspary, Georg. "Institutional incoherence in development policy ? : the case of environmental and social safeguard systems in OECD-country public financing for large dams in developing countries." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0025.
Повний текст джерелаPublic Financial Institutions (PFIs, author’s acronym) provide vital public investment investment for developing countries, while acting as an important ‘catalyst’ for private investment. This in turn contributes to broader growth and poverty reduction goals. Lack of coherence in actions of these PFIs could hamper these objectives. This thesis hopes to contribute to the coherence debate by comparing the stringency of safeguards applied by two different types of public financing institutions (PFIs, author’s acronym) in the building of large dams in developing countries. These are multilateral PFIs on the one hand; and OECD-country bilateral PFIs, consisting of Export Credit Agencies and national development financing institutions, on the other hand. The thesis compares the safeguards stringency of these two types of PFI firstly at the institutional level, by comparing the safeguards in place in a range of PFIs of each type; and secondly at the project level, by comparing the application of safeguards in dam projects financed by a range of PFIs of each type. The thesis finds substantive evidence that multilateral PFIs have more stringent safeguard policies on dams in place than bilateral PFIs. The final part of the thesis thus attempts to provide explanations for this finding. It argues that the most important among these are the more highly developed co-ordination mechanisms among multilateral PFIs compared to bilateral PFIs; diverging interest group pressure on both types of PFIs; and the different mandates of multilateral versus bilateral PFIs. Key points for the research agenda following from this thesis include to develop concrete steps to remedy this polic
Ben, abdelouahab Mohamed Nidal. "Développement d’un procédé super-absorbant pour la décontamination nucléaire en profondeur de matériaux poreux." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1026.
Повний текст джерелаWithin the framework of decommissioning of nuclear facilities, various decontamination operations are required. One of the main issues is the decontamination of cementitious materials due to the incorporation of contaminants into their porous structures. Throughout this project, we study the possibility of using a process for decontaminating cementitious materials based on the "poultice" method, which is mainly used nowadays for desalination of buildings. Such a technical adaptation first requires a meticulous study of physical mechanisms that control the different phases of the process. For that aim, we use model systems, composed of poultices (based on kaolin or cellulose fibers) applied to the surface of a model substrate (glass beads packing) in order to understand the whole process, and in particular the water transfers involved. Magnetic Resonance Imaging techniques are therefore used to monitor water distribution within these systems, and provide complete original information. Our approach consists in breaking down our study into three axes. First, we study substrate imbibition from a wet poultice. We show that liquid can invade the substrate even if it has a larger pore size than the poultice. The imbibition process stops when the capillary pressure in the substrate balances the stress needed to further contract the poultice. This in particular means that the liquid penetration in a porous medium from a poultice may be controlled by adjusting the poultice characteristics. Then, we provide the detailed drying mechanisms of initially saturated systems depending on their pore size distribution. We show that poultice can extract a large part (~ 85 %) of substrate liquid thanks to capillary equilibration processes that allow both media to desaturate homogeneously and simultaneously up to the very last stages of drying. Finally, decontamination efficiency of substrates initially contaminated by inactive cesium is evaluated. We show that salt crystals (cesium nitrate) growing during the system poultice/substrate drying can, in some configurations, limit contaminants transport from the substrate to the poultice and thus reduce the decontamination efficiency
Rinaldi, Lucrezia. "Novel functions for Hox proteins in the development of the spinal cord." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0261/document.
Повний текст джерелаHox genes encode conserved homeodomain transcription factors that coordinate the specification of regional body identity during the development of bilaterian animals. There are 39 Hox genes in higher vertebrates, organized into four complexes (named A to D) on the chromosomes. Thirteen groups of paralogue genes occupy similar positions within the complexes and exhibit similar modes of expression and functions. In addition to their specific functions, for which these transcription factors are well known, some recent studies are suggestive of "generic" functions, i.e. functions common outside paralogy groups. The goal of this thesis was to look for generic functions of vertebrate Hox proteins, focusing on the development of the spinal cord in chick and mouse. We identified two such functions, implying B cluster Hox genes. The first regards the potential of Hox proteins to control autophagy, which was previously established for Drosophila Hox proteins in the fat body. My work established the spatio temporal dynamic of autophagy during spinal cord development in chick and mouse embryos. This dynamic identified complementary autophagy and Hox patterns, suggesting a generic role for Hox proteins in the repression of autophagy, which could be confirmed by gain of function in chick embryo. The second Hox generic function regards the control of spinal cord neurogenesis. The study of Hox expression highlighted a predominant expression of B cluster Hox genes in the neural tube Intermediate Zone (IZ), where they activate the expression of the Lzts1 gene, the product of which modulates AKT signaling to ultimately control neuronal differentiation
Zabjek, Karl F. "Aspects of postural alignment and postural control relevant for the evaluation and the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis patients." Thèse, [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ96364.
Повний текст джерела"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Ph.D. en sciences biomédicales" Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
Ba, Ndeye Lika. "The importance of financial development for infrastructures performance in developing countries : the case of the energy sector." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0063.
Повний текст джерелаThe main goal of this dissertation is to highlight the beneficial effects of financial development on the performance of infrastructure industries, hence on economic growth, in developing countries through a set of empirical analyses on the energy sector. In the first chapter, we find a gradual but positive and significant global effect of financial reforms on the overall size and liquidity of the sector. The second chapter assesses the extent to which the level of development of a country's financial sector draws private participation in energy projects financing. We find that a financial sector that offers proper financing solutions and risk-mitigating tools indeed contributes to improving private participation. Our findings also provide evidence that economic development, macroeconomic stability, country risk, and institutional development are significant determinants of a country's appeal to private investors. Putting together these results, the third chapter makes the hypothesis of the existence of a significant empirical link between the power and financial sectors reforms the effects of which are reflected in in the power sector's performance. We find that private participation and independent regulation have significantly improved power supply and operational efficiency. Interestingly, the effects of the unbundling of the sector and the creation of an autonomous regulator have been exacerbated by the development of the financial systems. These findings suggest that deeper and more liquid financial markets have eased access to long-term financing for operators allowing them to upgrade their networks and improve performance
Zakari, Garba Zaratou. "La coordination des politiques d'aide au développement : de la problématique à l'analyse de l'expérience nigérienne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020100.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper examines aid for development coordination issues against the backdrop of a case study on Niger. Indeed partnership and aid coordination were a major dilemma among development agencies for quite some time. Somehow difference of approach in terms of strategy between international donors and recipient countries made it a real challenge to set up a global coordinating mechanism so as to break down the barriers regarding the rationale, goals, nature and modality underpinning foreign aid, if only to increase its effectiveness. That’s how the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Accra Agenda championed a shift from rhetoric to some new institutional orientation in development practice. Historical perspectives on Public Aid for Development (PAD) invariably a rise the question whether foreign aid is structurally meant to promote economic growth and/or reduce poverty. During the past two decades all trends in foreign assistance were confronted with two significant controversies. First, there was a growing recognition of its inefficiency to reduce poverty at global level. Secondly, donors’ focus was rather on promoting "better governance worldwide". Considerable efforts were steadily made by the Government of Niger and its partners, since the year 2003 "Project Forum" initiated by that country with a view to aligning donors’ assistance with national strategy, to give special consideration to aid effectiveness. Evidence is shown by the country’s Policy Conceptual Framework for that period, especially within the scope of the MDG’s, even though public investment outcomes proved to be ambivalent. Yet, the country engaged in a strategic approach with a double objective for achieving better efficiency of development interventions funded by foreign assistance, and, at the same time, progressively increasing the volume of aid allocations which is itself a further guaranty for raising the level of effectiveness