Дисертації: "Formative peer assessment (PA)"

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Clayton, Bernard Rebecca. "Autorégulation, co-régulation et régulation partagée des apprentissages en cours de langue à l’oral : les processus de régulation favorisés par l'évaluation formative par les pairs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BRES0029.

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Dans l’enseignement supérieur en France, les étudiants suivent des cours de langue anglaise par obligation et non par choix, souvent dans des dispositifs de formation numérique les incitant à travailler en autonomie. Du point de vue de la recherche en psychologie de l’éducation, ces dispositifs impliqueraient que les étudiants soient capables de se prendre en charge de façon autorégulée. Or, l’évaluation formative par les pairs favoriserait les apprentissages autorégulés, mais les effets de ces dispositifs restent à ce jour peu explorés pour des tâches orales en cours de langue. Cette thèse mobilise une approche socioconstructiviste de l’apprentissage autorégulé, en s’intéressant plus précisément à la dimension sociale (essentielle en cours de langue) de la régulation. Suite à une revue de la littérature systématique, les questions de recherche nous ont conduit vers trois études examinant les relations entre l’évaluation par les pairs et les processus d’autorégulation individuels et collectifs. Une première étude qualitative explore les processus de régulation individuels et collectifs lors d’un dispositif de formation alliant l’évaluation par les pairs et le feedback vidéo. Ensuite, une étude observationnelle mobilisant des méthodes mixtes a examiné les effets de l’évaluation par les pairs et de l’autoévaluation sur le déploiement des trois modes de régulation de l’apprentissage (autorégulation, co-régulation et régulation partagée) dans un contexte d’enseignement en distanciel. La dernière étude a mobilisé une méthode quasi-expérimentale pour comparer l’effet de différentes modalités d’évaluation par les pairs (prescription vs. co-conception de critères) sur les régulations individuelles et collectives et sur l’auto efficacité. Les résultats de ces trois études sont discutés pour mettre en avant les dimensions contextualisée et sociales de l’autorégulation. Finalement, des préconisations pédagogiques pour la formation en langue dans l’enseignement supérieur sont proposées
In French higher education settings where students must continue to study English out of obligation rather than choice, the current literature highlights the importance of learning situations in which learners can increase their agency through self-regulation. This approach should enable them both to increase performance and become more independent. Formative peer assessment can help enhance self-regulation, but effects of these methods remain under-explored in the context of oral language-learning tasks. The present thesis draws on a socioconstructivist approach to self-regulated learning, focusing on the social aspects of regulation (essential for meaningful exchange in language learning contexts). Following a systematic literature review, three studies examine individually and shared regulatory processes. The first qualitative study explores individual and shared processes in a learning situation using peer assessment with video feedback. An observational mixed-methods study then examines effects of peer and self-assessment on three regulatory modes (self, co- and socially-shared regulation) in an online setting. Finally, a quasi-experimental quantitative study compares the effects of different peer assessment methods (imposed/co-created criteria) on regulations and self-efficacy. The results of these studies are discussed in light of the literature, providing insights into the social and contextual dimensions of selfregulated learning. Suggestions are made for future research, along with practical recommendations

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Ho, Lok Ming Eric. "Improving ESL formative assessment practices and student learning via multi-staged peer assessment of oral presentations." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/6dbc7efc-05e2-4a10-a993-bf003041eb6f.

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In an examination dominated educational culture such as that in Hong Kong, university students’ experiences with multiple forms of assessment is somewhat limited. It is understandable, therefore, why not only students, but teachers as well, remain skeptical when confronted with new approaches to assessment. This study set out to challenge the ‘conservative’ nature of assessment that characterises Hong Kong and to engage students with assessment practices that involved them in not only being assessed, but in taking on the role of the assessor as well. The research study portrays how a sample of Hong Kong university students undertaking an English as a Second Language (ESL) course used oral presentations as a vehicle for peer assessment. This is an under-explored area for Hong Kong tertiary students’, but this study showed that students can learn and then improve their oral presentations at different stages of peer assessment by providing feedback, receiving feedback and revising oral presentations. Such findings challenge the stereotypical views of Hong Kong’s learning culture and contributes to a new dimension on peer assessment, especially in the context of the ESL classroom by focusing on the learning processes rather than the outcomes. Twenty-eight Engineering and Physiotherapy first-year undergraduate students participated in this research study. They were chosen as verbal communication is the main communication mode in their workplaces. At the beginning of the semester, being new to peer assessment, they attended training sessions, in which they were given opportunities to discuss assessment rubrics and evaluate two speakers’ performances before the actual peer assessment. A mixed methods approach was adopted. The instruments’ utilised were peer written feedback, semi-structured interviews and students’ reflections. The findings indicated that students, through different means, were able to evaluate, revise and reflect on their own learning processes during the three stages of peer assessment. Instead of the traditional top-down information transmission, they also found that different tasks, including conversations with the peer assessors, in peer assessment were helpful to improve their oral presentations throughout the semester. This research study has shown that when presented with new learning opportunities, Hong Kong students can not only engage with them, but become active learners who can improve their understanding, skills and values. This suggests that peer assessment as part of oral presentations is a promising alternative to more traditional modes of assessment. At the practical level, this research also provides ESL teachers with some useful pedagogies and techniques that can both positively engage students, and ultimately improve their learning.

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Kuo, Chia Lin. "A quasi-experimental study of formative peer assessment in an EFL writing classroom." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2863.

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The benefits of using formative peer assessment have been broadly recognized by educators. However, in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching, research into the effectiveness of peer assessment has produced mixed results. One major focus of research is how training can influence the effectiveness of peer assessment. A number of case studies have reported positive outcomes using particular training methods, but there is relatively little research into the application of such training methods and their effects in ordinary EFL classes. This thesis reports a study of training in peer assessment in the context of a typical EFL class. The details of the training are explored in some depth, including evidence of its effects on the nature and quality of peer assessment and the reasons for those effects. A quasi-experiment was designed to investigate the effectiveness of the extensively discussed ‘Step Training’ proposed by Min. Data were collected in the form of students’ written feedback, essays, video recording, questionnaires and interviews. The nature of students’ feedback and the quality of their essays were explored. Classroom interactions were analysed and interpreted using socio-cultural theory. Analysis of the questionnaires revealed students’ attitude towards the training and perception of their capabilities in working on peer assessment. Student interview data was analysed thematically. The findings provide a complex picture of the peer assessment training. First, the ‘Step training’ appeared to lead to improvements in the quality of both essays and peer feedback. Secondly, analysis of the classroom discourse suggested that socio-cultural factors had both positive and negative effects on the students’ learning. Moreover, ANCOVA analysis of psychological features such as attitudes towards and perceptions of the peer assessment training suggested that the students were less influenced psychologically by the training. Finally, analysis of interviews identified students’ concerns about the design of the training course. In conclusion, it is suggested that for a typical EFL writing class, the effectiveness of a rigid training method such as ‘Step training’ should be reconsidered to take into account the influence of socio-cultural factors in classroom interaction. Rather than relying just on students’ end products to monitor the effectiveness of training, socio-cultural interaction should also be examined, as this is important in developing an identity as an effective peer assessor. Suggestions for improving the design of peer assessment training are provided.

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Boon, Stuart Ian. "How can peer assessment be used in ways which enhance the quality of younger children's learning in primary schools?" Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38029.

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Peer assessment actively engages peers in the formative assessment and evaluation of work produced by a peer. This thesis explores how social processes, such as classroom talk, influence the quality of children’s learning in more interactive contexts of PA. This focus is needed since children often find PA challenging as they may not have the interpersonal skills to collaborate effectively leading them to use talk ineffectively as a tool for learning. This research was interventionist and children in the year three and four classes I taught received Thinking Together lessons as a strategy to enhance the quality of their talk in contexts of peer assessment. Methods used to examine the impact of the talk intervention, and to gain greater insights into the role that the social context plays in peer assessment, included transcribed digital audio recordings, open ended observations, semi-structured interviews, mind maps and children’s work. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic coding analysis whilst data in transcripts were quantitatively analysed to calculate the frequency of words and phrases associated with exploratory talk before and after the intervention. Findings suggest that children’s characteristics influence the way they communicate in contexts of PA and some of the most challenging learners seemed to benefit most from the talk intervention in terms of its influence on their ability to collaborate, hypothesise and reason throughout the peer assessment tasks. The findings also draw attention to previously under-researched PA social processes such as discussion, negotiation and peer questioning that lead to outcomes for learners such as self assessment. The main conclusions drawn are that more interactive kinds of peer assessment might be viewed as a differentiated and discursive practice where teachers consider the various needs of learners, based on their individual characteristics, and provide appropriate support so they are able to collaborate and use language for mediating effective PA practice.

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Rowan, Paul A. R. "Flipping Assessment: Formative Peer Feedback Activities in Second Language English Writing Using Web 2.0 Applications." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2015. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/57.

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This applied dissertation compared traditional peer feedback activities, where students comment and edit a peer’s work using red pen on the document, with learner derived feedback critiques based on the task requirements provided by the instructor. The feedback rubrics were created using a Web 2.0 application wiki. Framed by the experiential learning theory in an anagogical learning setting, this task-based approach focused on instructing students how to self-correct and edit their work in English language classes at the university level in Japan. The objective of the investigation was to also identify learner preference for the approach they attempted, to how they conducted peer feedback, and whether or not student preferences were demonstrated in their efforts to meet the required outcomes. No specific preferences for the type of feedback could be clearly identified based in a quantitative survey of the participants. The results for the assigned task did show significance in learner performance: vocabulary, F(1, 85) = 4.055, p = .047; grammar, F(1, 85) = 7.720, p = .009. For content, the p = .143 was not significant; however, scores for the treatment group were stronger than those shown by the control group. The flipped assessment or peer derived feedback/critique approach to peer feedback activities, based on this research, is recommended in second language English writing classes and is a suggested activity in other educational disciplines.

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Andersson, Sanna. "Formativ bedömning inom svenskämnet : En studie av en lärares och elevers feedback samt upplevelser av återkoppling och kamratbedömning." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29102.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate formative assessment and formative feedbacks effects on students. One teacher describes through interviews her experiences of formative assessment and feedback. Also the students' perceptions are described. It is examined through observations, how different types of feedback is communicated by the teacher to the student and among students. This study wanted to highlight the effects formative assessment and formative feedback may have on their learning and motivation. This with particular interest in the Swedish lessons. I chose to concentrate on this following questions: What types of feedback communicates from teacher to student, and students among each other? How does one teacher describe her feedback and how it affects student motivation and learning process? What is the student’s thoughts on the feedback they give and receive from each other and how it affects their motivation and learning process? Formative assessment includes five strategies that shape the students to reach the goal in which three actors are involved. Those are the teacher, other students and the pupil. One of the five strategies is formative feedback, that can identify and provide the student information which helps the student to gain insight on how a task should be solved. Different types of feedback are identified by Hattie and Timperley and had the function as analyses tools in this study. The method of this study was qualitative, though I have done observations in one classroom of 26 students for five days and interviews with one teacher and 10 pupils in the school year 3 (9-10 year-olds). The result showed that the teacher used mostly process-oriented feedback and the pupils became to use it through time. The result also indicated that the students' learning process and motivation was affected to the extent that they were more independent, seeking feedback from peers and became more engaged in the lessons with time.

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Bennett, Deborah Peterson. "Elementary School Teacher Perceptions of Using Formative Strategies To Improve Instruction." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1399.

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Standardized test data from a southern suburban elementary school showed lagging student scores behind those of students from similar settings. These scores suggested a disconnection between teachers' understanding of and practice in formative assessment. Bloom's revised taxonomy, backward design planning theory, and differentiated learning theory guided this study, which focused on how elementary teachers use formative strategies in the classroom to inform instruction. Data collected through face-to-face interviews from 10 teachers were transcribed and organized in codes and themes. Member checks were then used to ensure credibility of interpretations. The key results showed that these 10 teachers used many formative assessment strategies with their students, yet they were unfamiliar with backward design theory and did not use peer feedback or self-assessment as strategies. The proposed project focused on providing professional development in 3 modules addressing professional learning community norms, backward design theory unit planning, and strategies for peer feedback and student goal setting. This project may lead to positive social change by empowering teachers to design curriculum and assessment with authentic learning experiences and providing students with goal-setting strategies to become responsible for learning. The project's positive social change may lead to this school and district closing the identified achievement gap. It is recommended that further research on teacher perception of formative assessment should include more elementary and middle schools.

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Wilhelm, Anna. "Matematikyftet, vad hände sen? : En studie kring Matematiklyftets inverkan på ett arbetslags bedömningsarbete." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36755.

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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur ett arbetslags förutsättningar och uppfattningar om kollegialt lärande och formativ bedömning har påverkat deras undervisning efter att ha deltagit i Matematiklyftet. Arbetslaget samt deras rektor har intervjuats och en analys av de texter som behandlar bedömning från två moduler i Matematiklyftet har genomförts för att svara på syftet. Under fortbildningen har arbetslaget getts tillfällen att prova olika metoder för att arbeta med formativ bedömning i sin undervisning, där de fastnat för några av dem och fortsatt använda efter Matematiklyftets slut. De har upptäckt ett samband mellan bedömning och undervisning, att de inte behöver ses som två skilda delar som krockar med varandra utan att de kan samverka och komplettera varandra. Arbetslaget har även fått upp ögonen för vikten av kollegialt lärande i planering av undervisning. Detta genom de kontinuerliga mötena där de diskuterat matematikdidaktik och delat med sig av varandras erfarenheter, kunskaper och samarbetat med lektionsplaneringar och då upptäckt fördelarna med att ta hjälp av varandra. Med hjälp av rektorns stöd och handledarens engagemang, vilket i min studie visat sig vara avgörande framgångsfaktorer, har det deltagande arbetslaget under Matematiklyftets gång fått diskutera och praktisera arbetssätt, verktyg och synsätt utifrån forskningsartiklar. Detta har gjort att både rektor och lärare insett vikten av att kontinuerligt arbeta kollegialt för att öka matematikundervisningens kvalitet. Utifrån detta samt rektorns vision för hur det fortsatta arbetet ska se ut efter Matematiklyftets slut, har lärarna i arbetslaget getts förutsättningar att fortsätta att arbeta med formativ bedömning i matematikundervisningen genom kollegialt lärande.
The purpose of this study is to investigate how a teacher team's prospects and perceptions of peer learning and formative assessment has influenced their teaching after taking part in “Matematiklyftet”. The teacher team and their principal have been interviewed and an analysis of the texts concerning formative assessment from two modules in “Matematiklyftet” has been made to answer the purpose. During “Matematiklyftet” the teacher team has been given opportunities to try different methods to work with formative assessment in their teaching and they got an interest for some of them that they continued to use after the end of “Matematiklyftet”. They have discovered a link between assessment and teaching, that they need not be seen as two distinct parts that collide with each other, but rather that they can interact and complement each other. The teacher team has also realized the importance of peer learning in the planning of teaching. This, by the continuous meetings where they discussed mathematics didactics and shared each other’s experience, knowledge and collaborated with lesson planning and then discovered the benefits of helping each other. With the help of the principal’s support and the dedication from the leader of the discussion-group, which in my study proved to be critical success factors, the teacher team has been given opportunities to discuss and practice work methods, tools and point of views based on research articles during “Matematiklyftet”. Through this experience, both the principal and the teachers have realized the importance of continually work with peer learning to enhance mathematics teaching quality. Based on this, and the principal’s vision for how to continue the teachers peer learning after “Matematiklyftet”, the teacher team has been given opportunities to continue to work on formative assessment in mathematics education through peer learning.

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Leijon, Nathalie, and Theresa Spindelberger. "Själv- och kamratbedömning : En undersökning av lärares och elevers uppfattningar kring själv- och kamratbedömning." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-22076.

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Ekoniak, Michael Roman III. "Practice and Efficacy of Peer Writing Feedback in a Large First-Year Engineering Course." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95551.

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Engineering educators and industry professionals recognize the need for graduates to be effective communicators, yet the effective teaching of communication remains a persistent contemporary issue, with studies continuing to indicate that engineering graduates are insufficiently prepared for workplace communication. Despite compelling arguments that that writing should be treated as a situated activity, writing instruction is often separated from content instruction within engineering curricula. Even when they are integrated, it is often in a way does not optimally support improvement of students' writing skills. Writing studies scholarship identifies best practices that include treating writing as a process, with pedagogy that includes writing and revising drafts based on feedback and revision. However, writing assignments in engineering courses often not process-oriented. Challenges in addressing this problem include epistemology (i.e. instructors believe that learning to write and learning to engineer are separate skills), self-efficacy (i.e. instructors not feeling qualified to effectively provide feedback or writing instruction), and resources (i.e. inclusion of feedback and revision is unfeasible within key constraints of many engineering courses – limited instructor time and large student-faculty ratios). A potential solution is to use peer feedback, where students provide each other feedback on drafts, which can support a process approach while addressing these challenges. Research outside engineering has demonstrated that peer feedback can be as or more effective than instructor feedback; to bring that work into engineering, this study examines peer feedback in the context of a first-year engineering course through a quasi-experimental intervention in which feedback and revision were incorporated into an existing assignment using several variations of peer feedback. Interventions included two types of feedback training as well as feedback from single peers and multiple peers. Results support peer feedback in this context: it was statistically indistinguishable from instructor feedback when students were given sufficient instruction. Feedback from multiple peers, in fact was more effective than instructor feedback in improving writing quality, and in-class instruction was more effective than a handout only in helping students provide effective feedback. However, some general feedback recommendations – notably that readerly feedback should be encouraged directive feedback discouraged – were not supported. While writing studies literature encourages feedback that takes the position of the reader, readerly peer feedback reduced revision quality in this study. Directive feedback, on the other hand, caused improvements in writing quality, supporting previous hypotheses that the tightly-constrained genres in which engineers write justify more use of directive feedback.
Ph. D.

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Sulieman, Nidal, and Abeer Wannus. "Effects of Teachers’ Knowledge of formative assessment on teachers’ practices & students’ metacognition : A literature review." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43030.

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This literature review examines two major areas: firstly, the impact of teachers’ knowledge about formative assessment on teachers' practices in the classroom; secondly, the role of formative assessment in raising students’ metacognition and how formative activities lead to raising students’ self-awareness and self-regulation. This paper also aims to shed light on the interdependence relation between formative assessment and teaching in general. Ten different primary studies relevant to formative assessment and its effects on teaching/learning have been chosen to investigate the formative assessment in relation with the school subjects and particularly with English as a Foreign Language. The data was collected by exploring different electronic websites. The results of this literature review show that teachers' knowledge of the formative assessment has significant influencing factors on their practices and on supporting students’ metacognition; however, the implementation of formative assessment continues to be hazy.

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Granqvist, Linnéa. "Kamratbedömning: ris eller ros? : En kvalitativ studie av åk 8 elevers känslor för att arbeta med kamratbedömning i svenskämnet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-40581.

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The purpose of this study has been to explore how a class of year 8 students from a school in the middle region of Sweden experience peer assessment on written assignments in the Swedish subject as well as their feelings towards peer assessment and their opinion of how well it works as a tool for learning. To answer this question an observation of a peer assessment session concerning a debate article was conducted. This was followed up by a focus group interview with five students during which peer assessment was thoroughly discussed. The purpose of the observation was for the researcher to gain insight into how the class worked with peer assessment. It also served as a foundation for the interview. The study shows that the students see many benefits with peer assessment, mainly, they appreciate giving response. Receiving responce was often viewed as a difficulty, both as the receiver and giver as the students wanted to avoid hurting others. They also felt that they were unable to be completely honest to their peers and that were sometimes hard to rely on the feedback they got. The students asked for more exercises in peer assessment, mainly in the earlier years, in order to gain the positive effects described by the literature.

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Balboa, Álvarez Carolina. "The Power of Peers: A study on teachers' beliefs on peer and self-assessment in the EFL upper-secondary school classroom in Sweden." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35535.

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This study investigates teachers’ perceptions about the value of peer and self-assessment as tools for enhancing EFL writing in the context of upper-secondary education in Sweden. In addition, this study examines the relationship between teachers’ beliefs, knowledge of the methods, and their reported teaching practices. Based on teachers’ comments, this paper identifies the ways in which peer and self-assessment can be effectively implemented in EFL classrooms. A mixed-methods approach was used in the study. Three qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were complemented with a questionnaire survey in order to check the generality of the interview findings. Through a process of triangulation, the datasets obtained from the questionnaires and interviews were analysed and interpreted in light of theory and recent research on peer and self-assessment. Results show that these teaching and learning tools are appreciated by teachers as a way to enhance learning in relation to EFL writing. However, the investigation showed significant inconsistencies regarding teachers’ usage of the method. The results obtained showed that, in order for these practices to be effective, careful training is needed. Moreover, in order to provide proper training for their students, teachers themselves need to understand the value of the tools, and to be trained in how to effectively implement them. Therefore, the study concluded that information about peer and self-assessment should be included in teacher education and in-service training in Sweden.

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Quach, Melissa. "Assessment in English on the Upper Secondary Level : Teachers' experiences of formative assessment: a comparison between theories and practices." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78835.

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The aim of this study was to compare practices of assessment with theory. Three teachers on the upper secondary level in English were interviewed. This study contains three research questions, namely, how do teachers work with assessment? To what extent do teachers work with formative assessment in the subject English? In what way do teachers’ perception and experiences of formative assessment relate to current research in the field? The results indicate that formative assessment is an established method in the classroom, which differed from a collegial aspect since most collegial collaborations relate to summative assessment. Teachers used formative assessment to a varied extent and in various ways, which entail a high usage of mapping, defining goals, formal and interactive feedback from teacher to student. The results also indicate small or non-existent usage of peer-assessment, feedback from student to teacher and, self-assessment. The analysis showed that some perceptions between teachers were contradictive, but support from each viewpoint could be found in recent studies. Finally, the results of my study pointed to that formative assessment in practice and theory is a quite ambiguous research field. Some other interesting findings which were not a part of this study’s aim showed that all teachers mention how distance studies due to the coronavirus make summative assessment more challenging. In comparison to summative assessment, formative assessment can somewhat proceed as normal whereas teachers give students formal feedback, but the teachers highlight that the interactive part of feedback disappears. Teachers gave examples of interactive feedback as when students ask for and receive direct feedback in the classroom when working on a written assignment. Teachers reported that students perform better in oral production ever since school had to switch to digital learning, which is also another interesting finding.
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka lärares bedömningspraktik för att kunna jämföra dessa med forskningsläget. Tre lärare i engelska på gymnasienivå intervjuades. Studien ämnar sig åt att besvara tre frågeställningar: hur arbetar lärare med bedömning? I vilken utsträckning använder engelsklärare sig av formativ bedömning? Vilka kopplingar finns mellan lärares uppfattningar av formativ bedömning och forskningsläget? Resultaten visar på att formativ bedömning är en etablerad metod på klassrumsnivå, däremot tillbringar lärarna ur ett kollegialt perspektiv huvudsakligen åt summativ bedömning. Lärare använde formativ bedömning i varierande grad och på varierande vis, det visade sig att lärare frekvent använder sig av kartläggning av elevers kunskaper, synliggörande av mål och formell samt interaktiv återkoppling från lärare till elev. Resultaten visar på att kamratbedömning, återkoppling från elev till lärare och främjande av egenbedömning används i mycket liten eller ingen utsträckning. Analysen påvisade att lärarnas uppfattningar skiljdes åt sinsemellan men det visade finnas belägg för varje synsätt i forskningen. Slutligen påvisar denna studie på att formativ bedömning i jämförelse av praktik och teori är tvetydig. Några andra intressanta resultat genererades från studien även fast det var en del av studiens syfte. Lärarna beskriver att distansundervisningen som råder på grund av coronaviruset försvårat den summativa bedömningen. I jämförelse med den summativa bedömningen, kan den formativa bedömningen fortsätta som normalt där lärare kan ge elever formell feedback men lärarna understryker att den interaktiva delen av feedback försvinner. Lärarna gav exempel på interaktiv feedback, ett exempel är när elever frågar och får direkt feedback i klassrummet när de arbetar med en skrivuppgift. Lärarna i denna studie beskrev även att elever presterar bättre i muntliga förmågor i engelska sedan undervisningen har skiftat till distansundervisningen, vilket också är en intressant iakttagelse.

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Jelso, Janay. "Development and Formative Implementation of a Nutrition Assessment and Peer Education Program Based on Dietary Analysis at a California State University." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/165.

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A healthy diet has been established as a key component contributing to an individual’s quality of life. Statistics show that the diet of Americans needs improvement (Guenther et al., 2007) indicating possible lack knowledge of what healthy eating behaviors are. There is an abundance of nutrition misinformation available to the consumer (American Dietetic Association, 2002a). Dietary interventions that provide credible education based on readiness to change behaviors and goal setting have been successful in increasing awareness of what healthy eating behaviors are and changing existing behaviors over time (Ammerman et al., 2002; Evans & Sawyer-Morse, 2002; Gambera et al., 1995; Hebert et al., 1999; Oenema & Brug, 2003; Proper, et al., 2003). In an effort to provide a college community with credible nutrition education based on dietary analysis and stage of change, a nutrition assessment and consultation program was developed and implemented at a college campus during the fall 2003 quarter. It was integrated into the existing fitness testing and prescription program, polyFIT. Seven students, referred to as fitness consultants, majoring in Nutrition or Kinesiology were recruited and trained to distribute appropriate education based on individual clients’ dietary analysis, a stage of change assessment and personal goals. Intervention materials were constructed using a variety of resources focusing on areas of nutrition. Thirty clients participated during the fall 2003 quarter; all were freshman and sophomores enrolled in a Healthy Living course. Separate survey questionnaires were designed for the consultants and the clients to gather their perceptions of the program components. PolyFIT continued to offer the program, modifying it over time, for at least 4 years after the initial implementation.

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Hautala, Susanna. "Att veta vägen till mål : Formativ bedömning i religionsundervisning på mellanstadiet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32183.

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The purpose of this study is to examine what kindof formative assessments is used in the religious education at middle-schoolin Sweden. A further aim of the study is to examine whether any problems can be observed with formative assessment. Questions that will try to be answered are: What kindof formative assessment occurs in religious education at the middle school in a Swedish school? What problems can be observed with formative assessment in religious education at the middle school in a Swedish school? To answer these questions, six lessons in religious education were observedin total; three teachers held two lessons each which were observed. Earlier studies have showed that formative assessment was used by teachers to give feedback to improve pupils’ learning. In some cases, feedback was also givenwhich did not contribute to the improvement of pupils’learning. Earlier studies also conclude that formative assessment helped teachers to designfuture lessonsbased on pupils’ prior knowledge. Another conclusion highlights that teachers who made the goals of the lesson visible for pupils, resulted in an increased motivation and understanding of the purpose of the lesson. This study concludes that formative assessment has been usedby all three teachers, but in different ways. One conclusion is that when the goals of the lesson was not visible for the pupils, it affected the motivation of some pupils. Another conclusion is that teachers used formative assessment to modify lesson plans to meet the pupils’ current knowledge. Formative assessment was also used to encourage pupils to help each other by using peer-assessment. To improve pupils learning, teachers also used feedback as a strategy

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Lindqvist, Robert, and Jesper Shuja. "Attitudes to Assessment." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35838.

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This explorative research paper looks at the attitudes and experiences of four EFL teachers towards assessment of English as a foreign language. The study was carried out using qualitative research with semi-structured interviews. The paper discusses factors that impact attitudes towards assessment. Our findings show that assessment is affected by a variety of factors, including colleagues, the head teacher and guiding documents. Furthermore, this paper identifies the need for more teacher education regarding the process of assessment, specifically formative assessment.

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Elmi, Mohamed, and Linus Johansson. "Gamification för peer formativ feedback : En fallstudie om hur gamification kan motivera studenter vid systemvetenskapliga programmet att ge varandra feedback." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28049.

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Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på vad som skulle motivera studenter att använda sig av en gamifierad plattform för att ge varandra formativ feedback. Studien är utformad som en fallstudie där studiens utgångspunkt är studenternas behov av en möjlig gemensam plattform för att enklare kunna be varandra om hjälp i programmeringskurser. Men Studien och det efterföljande resultatet kan även appliceras på andra kurser. Användningen utav både kvalitativa och kvantitativa datainsamlingsmetoder har genomförts, detta i form utav intervjuer och enkäter samt en testning av en gamifierad plattform. Då det insamlade datat är av kvalitativ och kvantitativ art så användes även en blandning utav tematisk analys till det kvalitativa datat och en kvantitativ dataanalys för det resterande kvantitativa datat. Vi har även genomfört en utvärdering av en gamifierad plattform mot ett existerande ramverk. De genomförda litteraturstudierna är grunden för definitionerna av studiens centrala begrepp. Resultatet från denna studie bidrar med en berättigande till om en gamifierad plattform är något som studenterna skulle vilja se och använda. Baserat på studenternas inställning till en gamifierad plattform så har även en kravlista bearbetats fram. Något som framkom under denna studie är att studenterna inte motiveras utav en monetär belöning. Motiveringen kretsar istället kring möjligheten att verifiera kunskapen hos sig själv samt att ta vara på en möjlighet att visa vad man går för.
The purpose of this study is to find out what would motivate students to use a gamified platform to give each other formative feedback. The study is designed as a case study where the starting point of the study is the students' need for a possible common platform to facilitate each other's assistance in programming courses. But the study and subsequent results can also be applied to other courses. The use of both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods has been conducted, in the form of interviews and surveys as well as testing of a gamified platform. Since the collected data is of qualitative and quantitative nature, a mixture of thematic analysis to the qualitative data and a quantitative data analysis for the remaining quantitative data was also used. We have also evaluated a gamified platform against an existing framework. The literature studies are the basis for the definitions of the central concept of the study. The results of this study contribute to justifying whether a gamified platform is something that the students would like to see and use. Based on the students' attitude towards a gamified platform, a list of requirements has also been worked out. Something that has emerged from this study is that students are not motivated by a monetary reward. Instead, the motivation revolves around the ability to verify the knowledge for themselves and to take advantage of the opportunity to show off your skills.

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Mvelase, Newton Bhekisisa. "An exploration of the comprehension and implementation of assessment for learning by selected primary school mathematics teachers / Newton Bhekisisa Mvelase." Thesis, North West University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13170.

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In 2006 the Gauteng Department of Basic Education (GDoBE) launched a pilot project to introduce Assessment for Learning (AfL). This initiative was prompted by learners’ poor performance; especially in subjects such as Mathematics and English. The AfL project was introduced in selected primary and secondary schools. Grade 5 teachers for all subjects and Grade 10 teachers for all subjects within selected primary and secondary schools formed part of the pilot project. These teachers were oriented and introduced to AfL, after which workshops to strengthen teachers’ understanding and skills of AfL were conducted. Lead educators (District Learning Area facilitators or Subject Advisors), were required to monitor and support participating schools and teachers in implementing AfL. Based on a literature and empirical study, the researcher explored the comprehension and implementation of AfL by selected primary school Mathematics teachers that participated in the AfL pilot project of the GDoBE. The empirical study was approached by means of a qualitative research design in the form of a multiple case study. Individual interviews, observations and focus group interviews were used to collect data from purposive selected teachers from three Gauteng Districts (Johannesburg West, Johannesburg North and Ekurhuleni South). Both Township and ex-Model C primary schools were included in the study and eventually a total of 11 Mathematics teachers from these schools participated in the study. The research results revealed that the sampled teachers’ comprehension of AfL can be rated as satisfactory since they realise its potential in terms of learning and learner development. Moreover, these teachers show an awareness of the relation between formative (AfL) and summative assessment (assessment of learning (AoL)). With regard to its implementation, it is clear that a lack of support from colleagues, School Management Teams (SMTs) and District officials impede on the successful implementation of AfL. Other factors hampering the implementation of AfL include time constraints, uncertainty about appropriate resources and the simultaneous implementation of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) and the Gauteng Primary Literacy Mathematics Strategy (GPLMS). It is further noted that the elements of AfL, which includes the sharing of learning intentions, questioning, feedback and peer and self-assessment, are all mediocrely implemented.
MEd (Learning and Teaching), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

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Hautala, Susanna. "Alla vägar bär till mål : Formativ bedömning i geografiundervisning på mellanstadiet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32761.

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The purpose of this study is to examine what kind of formative assessments is used in the Geography education at middle-school in Sweden, and how the use of formative assessment differs between teachers. A further aimis to examine whether any problems canbe observed with formative assessment in Geography education. Following questions will try to be answered: What strategies informative assessment occurs in Geography educationin indoor schooling at Swedish schools? What problems/lacks can be observed based on the strategies used in formative assessment in Geography subject in indooreducation? How does the use of formative assessment differ between three Geography teachers? To answer these questions, nine lessons in Geography education were observed in total; three teachers held three lessons each which were observed. Earlier studies have showed that Geography education held outdoors was more motivational according to students. Earlier studies also concludethat students considered that Geography education held indoors had no purpose, and that students were passive during the lessons. Other studies have showed that lessons where formative assessment was used, increased the students' motivation and desire to learn. This study concludes that all strategies in formative assessment has been used by all three teachers. One conclusion is that when the goals of the lesson wasn't visible for the pupils, it affected the motivation of pupils. Another conclusion is that when the goals of the lesson wasn't visible, there was a connection to pupils not using self-regulated learning.

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Suriya, Ramon. "Att vara resurser för varandra : kamratbedömning i matematikundervisningen." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-78411.

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Utgångspunkten för den här litteraturstudien är det sociokulturella perspektivet där lärandet sker i samspelet med varandra. Kamratbedömning delar samma utgångspunkt. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien är att sammanställa och analysera vad forskningen säger om kamrat-bedömningens effekter på matematiklärande. Metoden som används för att få fram ett resultat är en systematisk litteraturstudie. Tjugotre forskningsstudier har kartlagts och analyserats. Resultatet visar att kamratbedömning ger positiva effekter för elevers lärande när det används i ämnet matematik. I det här arbetet delas kamratbedömningens effekter in i två teman (sociala effekter och kognitiva effekter) och fem underteman (samspel, beteende, feedback, reflektion och förståelseutveckling). Resultatet diskuteras utifrån synen på kunskap och lärande utifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet. Avslutningsvis diskuteras vidare forskning och konsekvenser för undervisningen.
The starting point of this literature study is the socio-cultural perspective where learning takes place through interaction with each other. Peer-assessment shares the same point of view. The purpose of this literature study is to compile and analyze what the research says what peer assessment has for effect on mathematics learning. The method that was used for this research is a systematic literature study. Twenty-three research studies have been mapped and analyzed. The result shows that peer tutoring gives positive effects when methods is used it in mathematics. In this study has divided effecter of peer tutoring into two themes (social effects and cognitive effects) and five subthemes (interaction, behavior, feedback, reflection and understanding development). The result is discussed from the viewpoint of knowledge and learning from the socio-cultural perspective. Finally, further research and implications for teaching are discussed.

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Grimm, Sarah. "Gymnasielärares arbete med elevers självbedömning och kamratbedömning i den svenska skolan." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174009.

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The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe and analyze the ways Swedish high school teachers deal with self- and peer assessment which can be defined as arrangement for learners to consider and specify the level, value, or quality of a product or performance of other equal-status learners (Topping, 2009). Products to be assessed can include writing, oral presentations, portfolios, test performance, or other skilled behaviors. Self and peer assessment can be summative or formative. This study has drawn on data from semi-structured interviews with five teachers. The results cast light on how students help each other plan their learning, identify their strengths and weaknesses, target areas for remedial action, and develop other personal and professional skills. Findings indicate that teachers think that the formative assessment is a successful way of working, that they can see that the students develop on many different levels. Finally, this study gives an illustration of how formative and summative purposes is perceived and understood by teachers and is a contribution to further discussions about (educative) assessment.

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Billow, Emilie. "Ett nytt sätt att tänka : En studie av fem lärares syn på bedömning och betygssättning i Engelska 5." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-12484.

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Sedan 1990-talet har Sverige ett kunskaps- och målrelaterat bedömningssystem i skolan där eleverna blir bedömda och betygsatta utifrån ämnesplan och kunskapskrav. I samband med den nya skolreformen 2011 reviderades innehållet i dessa styrdokument. Studiens syfte är att belysa hur engelsklärare resonerar i sitt val av bedömningsformer för underlag vid bedömning och betygssättning i förhållande till ämnesplan och kunskapskrav i Gy11, samt att undersöka om det finns skillnader i lärarnas bedömningsarbete i jämförelse med Lpf94. Undersökningen har genomförts vid en gymnasieskola där kvalitativa intervjuer har hållits med fem engelsklärare som undervisar i kursen Engelska 5. Studien visar att bedömning sker kontinuerligt av lärarna, men att de har olika sätt att bedöma, dokumentera och använda sig av bedömning i lärandet. De fem olika lärarna väljer att använda ämnesplan och kunskapskrav på olika sätt men med konkreta, tydliga och individuella synsätt. Elevdelaktighet är mycket viktigt utifrån motivation och engagemang i ämnet, och lärarens syn på bedömning är central såväl som hur både ämnesplan och kunskapskrav används i undervisning och bedömning. Lärarnas intentioner är att få eleverna motiverade och att känna lusten att lära sig något som de kan använda i praktiken. Slutsatsen är att Gy11, med ny ämnesplan och kunskapskrav i Engelska 5, ger lärarna en utmaning med ett nytt sätt att tänka. Utifrån den formativa bedömningen behövs tydlighet, kommunikation, strategier, återkoppling, elevaktivitet med ett kvalitativt tänkande som en röd tråd.
Since the 1990s, Sweden has a knowledge and goal-related grading system in schools, where students are assessed and graded according to the syllabus and grading criteria. In conjunction with the educational reform in 2011 the contents of these documents was revised. This study aims to show how English teachers reason when choosing which assessment forms for assessment and grading to use in relation to the syllabus and grading criteria of Gy11. It also aims to investigate whether there are differences in teachers’ assessments in comparison with Lpf94. The survey was conducted at an upper secondary school where qualitative interviews were held with five English teachers who teach the course English 5. The study shows that the teachers do assessment continuously, but that they have different ways to assess, document and use assessment in the learning process. The five different teachers choose to use the syllabus and grading criteria in different ways but with concrete, distinct and individual approaches. Student participation is very important as regards motivation and engagement in the subject, and the teacher’s approach to assessment is central as well as how both substance level and knowledge is used in teaching and assessment. The teachers’ intentions are to get the students motivated and feel the urge to learn something they can use in practice. In conclusion, the Gy11 reform, with a new syllabus and grading criteria in English 5, gives teachers a challenge with a new way of thinking. Based on the formative assessment, clarity, communication, strategies, feedback and student activity, with a qualitative approach is needed.

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Granekull, Therese. "Kamratbedömning i naturvetenskap på mellanstadiet : formativ återkoppling genom gruppsamtal." Licentiate thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för natur, miljö, samhälle (NMS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7595.

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Kamratbedömning kan ha en positiv effekt på elevers lärande. För att uppnå denna positiva effekt måste elever kunna ge återkoppling till sina kamrater och även ta emot återkoppling från sina kamrater. Elever måste också kunna använda den återkoppling som de får. Återkoppling kan ges på fyra olika nivåer, uppgiftsnivå, processnivå, självregleringsnivå och personnivå. Att använda elever som lärande resurser för varandra, är en av nyckelstrategierna inom formativ bedömning. Fokus på formativ bedömning och användning av den samma har ökat inom skolan. Det, tillsammans med att det inte finns många studier som undersöker formativ bedömning med ett ämnesinnehåll i svensk kontext, är exempel på vad som ligger till grund för studien. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie var att öka kunskapen om hur kamratbedömning genomförs i naturvetenskap på mellanstadiet. Fokus riktades dels mot hur lärare implementerar kamratbedömning, men framförallt mot hur elever ger varandra återkoppling. För att undersöka hur och på vilka nivåer som 11-åriga elever ger varandra återkoppling, genomförde elever kamratbedömning i mindre grupp efter att enskilt ha besvarat uppgifter med ett naturvetenskapligt innehåll. Insamling av data skedde i flera steg. När läraren gav eleverna instruktioner kring bedömningsmatrisen, uppgifterna och den kamratbedömning som de skulle genomföra, observerades och videofilmades detta. Elevernas kamratbedömningssamtal i grupp, videofilmades också. Därefter intervjuades eleverna enskilt.Studiens resultat visade att eleverna fick återkoppling på olika nivåer av sina kamrater. Den återkoppling som var mest förekommande, var på uppgiftsnivå. Det fanns exempel på återkoppling på andra nivåer också i materialet, samt exempel där det inte förekom någon återkoppling alls. När eleverna bedömde varandras svar, fokuserade de på mängden naturvetenskapliga begrepp i kamraternas svar. Slutsatser som dragits utifrån studiens resultat var bland andra att elever behöver träna både på kamratbedömning och på att ge användbar återkoppling, samt att lärare bör vara medvetna om att deras instruktioner är betydelsefulla när det gäller hur kamratbedömningen faller ut. En annan slutsats är att kamratbedömning med ämnesinnehåll, kräver både bedömarfärdighet och ämneskunskap.
Peer assessment may have a positive effect on student learning. In order to have these positive effect students have to be able to give feedback to their peer and also to receive feedback from their peer. The students also have to be able to use the given feedback. Using students as learning resources to each other is a key strategy within formative assessment. The feedback that is given can be directed at four different levels, task level, process level, self-regulation level and self-level. Using peers as learning resources, is one of the key strategies within formative assessment. Focus on formative assessment and the use of it, have increased within school. That, and the fact that there are not many studies that examines formative assessment with science content, are a part of the background to the conducted study.The overall purpose of the study was to contributed to the field concerning peer assessment in science with 11-year old students. The focus was partly how teachers implement peer assessment, but above all how students give feedback. In order to examine how and in what different levels student give each other feedback, students conducted peer assessment in small groups, after they had answered questions concerning science. Data collection was done in the following steps. At first, the teacher gave the students instructions about the tasks, the scoring rubric, how to assess and so on. While doing that, the teacher was observed and video recorded. Next step concerned the students. They answered the questions and then had peer assessment in small groups. This was also video recorded. Later on the students were interviewed. The students received different kinds of feedback, mostly at task level, from their peer. Some examples of feedback at other levels were also discovered. When students assessed each other’s answers, they looked at the amount of science concepts that were used in their peer’s answers. The results suggest that students need to practice peer assessment, how to give useful feedback and that the teacher need to be aware of that given instruction may turn out differently from what is expected. The results also show that students believe that peer assessment is useful and that feedback is given. This was contradictory from what was seen in some of the observations of the peer assessment. Conclusions are for example that students need both assessment skills and scientific knowledge.

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Haage, Susanna, and Anna Maria Ramström. "─ Nu kan fan inte Tobias klaga! : En studie av gymnasieelevers upplevelser av kamratrespons på medieproduktioner." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad utbildningsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130741.

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The purpose of this study was to find out more about upper secondary school students ́ experience of peer response to media productions, eg movies and digital stories. We also explored how they learn peer response, how they use it and how peer response affects students’ choice of content for the media productions that they produce. The methods that we have used is an unstructured lesson observation, combined with discussions in two focus groups with 1st and 2nd grade students enroled at the Arts program at a secondary school in a metropolitan area in Sweden. The results of the study show that students experience peer response as positive but emphasises the importance of the teachers’ attitude and expertise as essential both to the students learning process as well as to their experience of giving and receiving feedback from a fellow student. The students find it difficult to be completely honest when they give response to a friend. The teachers’ response always outweighs the response from a fellow student and the students in this study do not use the peer response to revise and improve their media productions. The study shows that the students do not adapt the content of their media productions due to the fact that classmates will assess the result. They perceive media productions as something per definition accessible to the public, that is, the products will be showcased in public, for example, published on the internet. The students relate to this fact as they select content to their media productions.
Syftet med denna studie har varit att ta reda på mer om gymnasieelevers upplevelser av kamratrespons på medieproduktioner, t.ex. filmer och digitala berättelser. Vi har också undersökt hur de lär sig kamratrespons, hur de använder sig av den och på vilket sätt kamratrespons påverkar elevernas val av innehåll till de medieproduktioner som de producerar. Metoderna som vi har använt oss av är en ostrukturerad lektionsobservation i kombination med diskussioner i två olika fokusgrupper med elever från årskurs 1 och 2 på det Estetiska programmet på en gymnasieskola i ett storstadsområde. Resultatet av studien visar att eleverna upplever kamratrespons som någonting positivt men framhåller att lärarens attityd och expertis är avgörande för såväl övning som upplevelsen av att ge och ta emot respons från en kamrat. Eleverna upplever att det är svårt att vara helt ärlig när de ger respons till en kamrat. Lärarens respons väger alltid tyngre än kamraters och eleverna i studien använder sig heller inte av kamraternas respons för att omarbeta och förbättra sina medieproduktioner. Studien visar att eleverna inte anpassar innehållet till sina medieproduktioner utifrån vetskapen om att klasskamraterna kommer att ge respons. Eleverna uppfattar medieproduktioner som per definition publika, d.v.s. produkter som kommer att visas upp offentligt, exempelvis publiceras på internet och detta faktum förhåller sig eleverna till när de väljer innehåll till sina medieproduktioner.

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Borg, Emma, and Kristin Edvinsson. "Formativ bedömning : En litterturöversikt med analys." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19231.

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Genomförda undersökningar visar att formativ bedömning förbättrar elevers inlärning och förståelse. Den svenska läroplanen från 2011 ger tydliga indikationer på att formativ bedömning ska inkluderas i undervisningen. Vår diskussion i denna uppsats är därför aktuell och den visar hur forskare artikulerar fenomenet formativ bedömning. Litteraturstudien inkluderar information om vad formativ bedömning innebär och förslag på hur man kan arbeta utifrån ett sådant arbetssätt. Vår studie visar att de viktigaste komponenterna inom formativ bedömning är att tydliggöra målen, återkoppling samt själv- och kamratbedömning. Beskrivningarna av dessa resulterar i en analys där vi diskuterar det formativa arbetssättet. Både positiva och negativa aspekter tas upp. Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att införskaffa djupare kunskaper om formativ bedömning likväl för oss själva som för redan aktiva lärare. Vi har en föraning om att många lärare inte har tillräckliga kunskaper kring ämnet och vår förhoppning är att denna uppsats kan fungera som ett verktyg för lärare som arbetar med eller skulle vilja arbeta med formativ bedömning.
Previous research shows that formative assessments improve pupils’ learning and understanding. Also, the Swedish Curriculum 2011 gives clear guidance that formative assessment should be included in school. Our discussion in this essay is therefore needed and it deals with how researchers articulate the phenomenon formative assessment. The study includes information about what formative assessment means and suggestions for how to work with it are given. The main parts within formative assessment are to clarify learning goals, feedback and self- and peer assessment. The information about these main parts ends in an analysis where a discussion about formative assessment and its positive and negative effects takes place. Furthermore, the purpose of this essay is to inherit deeper knowledge about formative assessment as well for ourselves as for teachers already on duty. We anticipate that many teachers do not have sufficient knowledge about formative assessment and our expectation is that this essay can function as a tool for teachers who work or would like to work with formative assessment.

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Eriksson, Christoffer, and Carl-Christian Olsson. "Formativ bedömning i Idrottspraktiken : Lärares uppfattningar om återkopplingens inverkan på undervisning och lärande i ämnet Idrott och hälsa." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100891.

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Studiens syfte är att undersöka högstadielärares idéer och tillämpning av formativ bedömning i ämnet idrott och hälsa, samt vilken typ av formativ bedömning lärarna anser hjälper eleverna bäst i deras lärande. Till studien hör följande frågeställningar: (1) Vilka idéer, värderingar och normer kännetecknar lärares uppfattning om formativ bedömning och dess tillämpning i undervisningen? (2) Vilken typ av formativ bedömning anser idrottslärare hjälper eleverna bäst i sitt lärande? (3) Vilka skillnader finns mellan idrottslärare i deras användning och konceptualisering av formativ bedömning? Studiens kvalitativa ansats har resulterat i semi-strukturerade intervjuer med sex verksamma lärare inom ämnet Idrott och hälsa (IH) i årskurs 7-9. Kopplingen mellan ämnet IH och idrottsrörelsen befästs bland annat genom att lärarna beskriver hur de hämtat mycket av sin inspiration kring återkoppling från föreningslivet. Det är främst den direkta och muntliga formen av återkoppling (feedback) som används och anses ha stor effekt på elevernas lärande. Motiveringen handlar om att förmågorna inom IH oftast synliggörs på sekunder och det är där och då lärarna ska stötta eleverna framåtsyftande. Lärarna ser självbedömning och kamratbedömning som problematiskt. De relaterar främst till aspekter av tid, planering och elevernas förmåga att bedöma varandra. Studien synliggör även exempel på framgångsfaktorer för när den formativa bedömningen fungerar bäst.

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Ljungberg, Pernilla. "Kamratrespons som formativ bedömning i svenskämnet : Metoder, möjligheter och svårigheter." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66488.

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Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur några lärare i årskurs 1-6 arbetar med kamratrespons vid bedömning av elevtexter i ämnet svenska. Ytterligare ett syfte med examensarbetet är att få kunskap om vilka möjligheter och svårigheter det finns med arbetssättet kamratrespons samt att ta reda på hur de intervjuade lärarna tror att eleverna upplever kamratrespons. Utgångspunkten är Vygotskijs teori om sociolkulturellt lärande i socialt samspel. I studien har semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med fem lärare från tre olika skolor använts. Lärarnas beskrivningar av arbetssättet överensstämmer med vad som framkommer i litteraturen. Framför allt används kamratrespons i svenskans skriva-delar. Den vanligaste metoden är Två stjärnor och en önskan. De möjligheter och svårigheter som lärarna lyfter stämmer i stort sett överens med vad som framkommer i litteraturen. Av intervjuerna framgår att ett positivt klassrumsklimat är det viktigaste för att kamratrespons ska fungera. Av studien framgår att det finns en skillnad mellan lärarnas tankar och det som framkommer av litteraturen. De intervjuade lärarna framför att det är svårt att hitta fungerande responspar, vilket inte framgår av litteraturen. Den lyfter endast att det är bra att byta responspar ofta.
The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how some teachers in grades 1-6 work with peer responses when assessing student texts in the subject Swedish. Another purpose of the thesis is to gain knowledge about the possibilities and difficulties with the peer response method and to find out how the interviewed teachers believe that the students experience peer response. The starting point is Vygotsky's theory of social-cultural learning in social interaction. The study has used semi-structured qualitative interviews with five teachers from three different schools. Teachers' practice coincides with examples in the literature on how the work method can be used. Most importantly, peer response is used in Swedish writing. The most common method is two stars and a wish. The opportunities and difficulties that the teachers raise are broadly in line with what appears in the literature. What appeared in the interviews as the most important thing to make the peer response work was a positive climate in the group. The study finds a difference between the thoughts of the interviewed teachers and what appears in the literature. The interviewed teachers express that it is difficult to find effective response pairs. What emerged in the literature was instead that it is good to change response pairs often.

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Graner, Gunlög. "Kamratbedömning i svenska : Nio lärares tankar och erfarenheter." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31476.

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This paper studies how peer assessment is used as a strategy to improve young learners' results in Swedish as a school subject. Nine teachers are interviewed about their use of the method on 7-12-year-old pupils. Comparisons are made between the interviews and Swedish and international discussion on peer assessment. There are similarities between the practice of the teachers and what is said in the litterature about the method and its advantages and drawbacks. The teachers tend to emphasize the social aspects more, though. They also point to adjustments necessary to make the method function in groups of different kinds. Of feedback methods, they seem to prefer "Two stars and a wish" to others.

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Åkesson, Marie. "Å ena sidan, å andra sidan : Essä om fritidshemmets samverkan med skolan när det gäller att synliggöra elevernas kunskapsutveckling." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35321.

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In my essay, I take as starting point stories where I experience that the school context does not take advantage of the possibilities offered by the youth leisure center in gathering information about the students’ knowledge development. In my text I am going to reflect upon my irritation, how I acted and why I acted in a certain way in different situations with students. The aim of my essay is to examine how can I, in my role as a youth leisure center educator act, so that my assessment of the students can be a complement to the school’s assessment. I am even going to investigate what possibilities and learning opportunities offer the youth leisure center in being a complement to the school’s assessment procedure of students. I my essay, I will reflect on my dilemma on the hand, and on the other hand, taking different approaches and points of view. I will discuss how I interpret my actions and experience myself, but also my colleagues in the situations with the students, linked to Dreyfus and Dreyfus’s model of skill acquisition, as well as analyze my attitude by using Aristotle’s concepts of wisdom and understanding. Further on, I will discuss how the youth leisure center can be a complement to school based on peer interaction in practice and development-pedagogical perspectives, as well as through analyzing various governing documents. I conclude my essay with a reflection on my research questions, and how I perceive my task as a youth leisure center teacher to collaborate with the school in assessing the students’ knowledge development.
I min essä utgår jag från berättelser där jag upplever att skolkontexten inte tar till vara fritidshemmens möjligheter till att kunna bidra med information vad gäller elevernas kunskapsutveckling. Jag kommer i texten reflektera över min irritation, hur jag gjorde och varför jag gjorde det jag gjorde i olika situationer tillsammans med elev. Syftet är att undersöka hur jag, i min roll som fritidslärare kan agera på fritidshemmet så min bedömning av eleven kan vara ett komplement till skolan. Jag kommer även utforska fritidshemmets möjligheter och lärmiljöer skulle kunna vara ett komplement till skolan vid bedömningar av elever. I min essä kommer jag reflektera, kritisera och perspektivera förhållningssätt och synvinklar i mitt dilemma. Jag kommer att beröra hur jag tolkar och upplever mig själv men även kollegor i situationer med elever kopplat till Dreyfus och Dreyfus utvecklingsstegen, men också reflektera i mitt görande som fritidslärare över förhållningssätt klokhet och förståelse utifrån Aristoteles filosofi. Vidare ska jag diskutera hur fritidshemmet kan vara ett komplement till skolan utifrån samlärande i praktiken och utvecklingspedagogiska perspektiv, samt analys av olika styrdokument. Jag avslutar min essä med en reflektion över mina frågeställningar, och hur jag själv ser på mitt uppdrag som fritidslärare i samverkan med skolan kopplat till elevernas kunskapsutveckling.

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Diez, Diana. "Promoting conceptual understanding in high-school physics : Exploring the effects of using an audience response system." Thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290231.

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Research shows that students may be proficient in solving physics problem mathematically but still lack a fundamental understanding of the phenomena in question. One reason may be that a traditional approach to physics instruction emphasises instructors transfer of material to the students and problem-solving, sometimes at the expense of conceptional understanding. This master thesis combines socio-cultural and behaviouristic perspectives to analyse the effects of audience response systems in learning environments, in particular physics instruction. An audience response system is a tool that collects responses from the participants. It is commonly used to create interaction, thus moderating the approach of pure transmission of information. The current state of research shows that the effects of audience response systems depend on how it is used by the instructor. Audience response systems have been popular for use in peer instruction in physics and part of this study was to evaluate the design of conceptual problems. Using a mix-methods approach with interviews, observations, and tests, this thesis explores teachers’ experiences from using audience response systems to stimulate thinking and discussion on conceptual questions. Different modalities of systems are also compared. The study was affected by the school closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however the remote teaching situation also makes the topic even more important. The findings confirm what is previously established about the role of the instructor and that the effects depend on their intention. This study demonstrates that an audience response system can be used for formative assessment, initiate discussions, simultaneously engage multiple participants, prompt instructors to reconsider their methods and support a productive learning environment. Important features of an audience response system are ease of use, clear display of responses, synchronous participation, and anonymity.
Tidigare forskning visar att studenter kan vara skickliga i att lösa fysikproblem matematiskt men ändå sakna en grundläggande förståelse för fenomenen i fråga. En möjlig förklaring är att fysikundervisning traditionellt fokuserar på överföring av material från lärare till elev med ett fokus på problemlösning, ibland på bekostnad av den konceptuella förståelsen. Detta examensarbete kombinerar sociokulturella och beteendemässiga perspektiv för att analysera effekterna av publiksvarssystem i lärande miljöer, primärt i fysikundervisning. Ett publiksvarssystem är ett verktyg som samlar in respons från deltagarna. Det används vanligen för att skapa interaktion, och därmed reducera fokuset på ren överföring av material i undervisningen. Det aktuella forskningsläget visar att effekterna av publiksvarssystem beror på hur det tillämpas av läraren. Publiksvarssystem har populärt använts i peer instruction (kamratlärande) i fysik och en del i denna studie har varit att utvärdera design av konceptuella frågor. Med hjälp av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder (intervjuer, observationer och tester) undersöker detta arbete lärares erfarenheter av att använda publiksvarssystem för att stimulera tänkande och diskussioner om konceptuella frågor. Vidare jämförs modaliteten hos olika system. Studiens utformning påverkades av skolstängningarna till följd av COVID-19-pandemin, dock ger de förutsättningar som kommer med distansundervisning ytterligare relevans för ämnet. Resultaten bekräftar vad som tidigare har fastställts om lärarens roll och att effekterna beror på dennes intentioner. Studien visar att ett publiksvarssystem kan användas för formativ bedömning, initiera diskussioner, engagera flera deltagare simultant, uppmuntra lärare att ompröva sina metoder och hjälpa till att skapa förutsättningar för en produktiv inlärningsmiljö. Viktiga funktioner i ett publikresponssystem är användarvänlighet, tydlig presentation av svar, möjlighet till synkront deltagande för många personer samt anonymitet.

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KATSOULAS, ELENI. "THE PEER ASSESSMENT PROCESS: A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS RECEIVING PEER FEEDBACK." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7714.

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The ability to receive regular peer feedback on learning should, in theory, be valuable to learners. A formative view will be presented in this study in which information is collected and used as feedback for student learning. This differs from summative practices where the purpose is to make judgments about the extent to which learning has taken place. This case study takes place in a first year master’s Occupational Therapy (OT) course where the focus is on the development of communication skills. These skills are developed through interviewing and assessment strategies. This case focuses on the feedback received by students from their peers based on the clinical interviews that were conducted. Peers in this study are members of the same learning team who have been divided into these groups for the purpose of learning together. Students in this course receive both written and oral peer feedback during peer assessment exercises. This feedback is formally reflected on by students as self-assessment. Although, both peer and self-assessments are used for formative purposes in this course, the primary focus of this study is on peer assessment. Six participants were recruited for this study. The data for this inquiry consisted of transcripts from six semi-structured interviews and a focus group as well as written artifacts from the course. The data analysis revealed three core themes related to both the peer assessment process and peer feedback. Motivation for Learning and Awareness of Growth or Development were identified as two key themes relating to student learning. The third theme identified was Factors that Impacted the Learning Experience which had to do with how students felt about having engaged in the peer assessment process. A unique finding regarding the latter theme centered around the time factor required to take on the roles, inherent in peer assessment activities. Students offered insights into the relationship between stress and motivation for learning when taking on peer assessment responsibilities. This study contributes to our understanding of the meaning and consequences of implementing peer assessment into the communication module of the OT course. Insights on the implications of this study to higher education in relation to peer assessment are also explored.
Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2012-12-29 00:11:03.187

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Mostert, Markus, and Jeanette D. Snowball. "Dancing with the devil: formative peer assessment and academic performance." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69301.

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Peer assessment can be important in developing active and independent learners, as well as providing more and faster feedback in large classes, compared to marking done by tutors. In addition, the evaluative, critical stance required by students in order to assess their peers' work encourages the development of higher-order cognitive skills. Changing roles from being assessed to being an assessor can also improve students' ability to judge and improve on their own work. However, peer assessment does have potential problems and there is some debate as to the appropriate academic level at which to implement it, the kinds of feedback that are given and the ways in which students respond. In addition, there is little evidence that peer assessment has an impact on academic performance. This research reports the results of an online peer assessment exercise for a macroeconomics essay conducted in a large Economics 1 class at Rhodes University. Of the 800 students, about half participated in the peer assessment exercise. Data were collected from students via a formal course evaluation. In addition, a sample of 50 essays was evaluated in terms of the relationship between peer marks and final (tutor) marks received and the impact that peer assessment had on the quality of the final essay submitted. An Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to investigate the impact of peer assessment participation on marks. Results showed that peer marks tended to ‘bunch’ in the 60–68% range, indicating the reluctance of peers to give very high or low marks. In general, peers gave more useful feedback on technical aspects, such as presentation and referencing (which were also the categories in which students most often made improvements), than on content. Regression analysis showed that peer assessment participation was not a significant determinant of final essay mark, but that economics ability and English language proficiency were.

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Riemer, Sandra. "Formative Bewertung von Dolmetschleistungen im Studienverlauf: Bewertungskriterien, Bewertungsperspektiven und Vermittlung der Bewertung." 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36306.

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Der anwendungsorientierte Masterstudiengang Konferenzdolmetschen hat die wesentliche Zielsetzung, Studierende auf eine professionelle Dolmetschtätigkeit vorzubereiten. Daher besteht ein überwiegender Anteil der Lehrveranstaltungen und des Selbststudiums darin, die Fähigkeiten zu trainieren, die für die Berufsausübung nötig sind. Um das Lernen zu lenken und den Lernfortschritt zu überwachen, erhalten die Studierenden wiederholt von verschiedenen Seiten Rückmeldungen zu ihrer erbrachten Leistung. Durch diese Bewertungen sollen Stärken und Schwächen aufgezeigt werden, um eine gezielte Weiterentwicklung der Dolmetschkompetenz zu unterstützen. Die zentrale Fragestellung der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht darin, wie diese Bewertungshandlungen in der Praxis ausgestaltet sein sollten, damit sie eine tatsächliche Unterstützung für den Lernprozess darstellen. Eine besondere Relevanz hat diese Fragestellung angesichts der Tatsache, dass nicht nur Dozierende sondern auch Studierende in großem Umfang Dolmetschleistungen bewerten müssen – im Präsenzstudium sowie im Selbststudium. Dabei sollen auch diejenigen studentischen Bewertungsvorgänge, die in Abwesenheit von Dozierenden erfolgen, dazu geeignet sein, die Weitergestaltung des Lernprozesses zielgerichtet zu unterstützen. Das Ziel der Arbeit liegt somit darin, für die Ausbildungspraxis konkrete Hinweise zusammenzutragen, wie Bewertungen von studentischen Dolmetschleistungen gestaltet werden können, um der Forderung nach einer Unterstützung des Lernprozesses gerecht zu werden. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den verwendeten Bewertungskriterien, den möglichen Bewertungsperspektiven und dem Aspekt der Vermittlung der Bewertung. Bei der Präsentation der Ergebnisse werden bereits vorliegende schematische Darstellungen, die die Bewertungsvorgänge in der Praxis unterstützen können, durch weitere eigene Zusammenstellungen ergänzt.:Abbildungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 2 Lerntheorie und Didaktik 2.1 Der Begriff „Lernen“ 2.2 Förderung des Lernerfolgs 2.3 Selbstgesteuertes Lernen 2.4 Bewertung und Lernen 2.4.1 Definition von Feedback und Bewertung 2.4.2 Assessment for learning 2.4.3 Lernende als Feedback-Quelle: Peer assessment und Self-assessment 2.4.4 Eigenschaften unterstützender Bewertung 3 Dolmetschqualität und Dolmetschkompetenz 3.1 Dolmetschqualität – die Güte von Dolmetschprozess und -produkt 3.1.1 Begriffseingrenzung 3.1.2 Bewertende Personengruppen 3.1.3 Qualitätsparameter 3.2 Dolmetschkompetenz – Fähigkeiten von Dolmetschern 4 Didaktik des Konferenzdolmetschens 4.1 Grundlagen der Dolmetschdidaktik 4.2 Zielsetzung der Dolmetschausbildung 4.2.1 Anforderungen des Arbeitsmarkts 4.2.2 Zielsetzungen an Dolmetschausbildungsinstituten 4.2.3 Zielsetzungen in den Abteilungen am IALT 4.3 Lern- und Anforderungsprogression 4.4 Selbstgesteuertes Lernen im Master Konferenzdolmetschen 5 Formative Bewertungshandlungen im Dolmetschstudium 5.1 Aufbau und Ausgestaltung der Bewertung 5.1.1 Bestandteile des Bewertungsprozesses 5.1.2 Produkt- vs. prozessorientierte Bewertung 5.1.3 Weitere Aspekte der Bewertungsgestaltung 5.2 Möglichkeiten der Gewinnung von Bewertungskriterien für Dolmetschleistungen im Studium 5.2.1 Übernahme bestehender Bewertungskriterien 5.2.2 Zusammenstellung von Bewertungskriterien durch Studierende 5.3 Bewertung aus verschiedenen Perspektiven 5.3.1 Perspektive der bewertenden Person 5.3.2 Zeitliche Perspektive 5.4 Leitfaden zur Bewertungsgestaltung 6 Fazit Literaturverzeichnis Anhang: Gesprächsleitfaden zur Befragung von Dozierenden des IALT

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Wu, Hsiu-O., and 吳秀娥. "Computer Supported Peer Instruction: Heterogonous Performance-based Neighbor Assignment, Formative Assessment Record, and After-class Supplementary Tests." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81727125896061568516.

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Анотація:

碩士
元智大學
資訊工程學系
99
Peer Instruction is an instructional method to enhance the interactivity and the student learning effect in the classroom. This research developed a computer supported Peer Instruction system, including three mechanisms: heterogonous performance-based neighbor assignment, formative assessment record, and after-class supplementary tests. The mechanism of heterogonous performance-based neighbor assignment analyzes student previous Peer Instruction performance and assigns students to sit with heterogonous performance neighbors to increase cognitive conflict during discussion and to increase the discussion performance. The formative assessment record helps students to understand their learning performance and progress by presenting them with their performance during Peer Instruction, including first answer before discussion and second answer after discussion. The after-class supplementary tests provide an additional similar test for those students answered incorrectly in the second answer. An experiment was conducted and the results revealed that the heterogonous performance-based neighbor assignment increases student learning performance. The result of student questionnaire revealed that most respondents considered formative assessment record and after-class supplementary tests helpful to enhance their confidence and to understand their learning performance.

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Cummins, Avril. "Seeing eye to eye : the benefits of using dialogical assessment to align teachers' and pupils' evaluations : a case study of habits of mind." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17732.

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Thinking Skills has, since its conception as a teachable subject, been difficult to assess due to lack of a universal definition of Thinking Skills. McMahon (1999) warns that the chosen strategy for assessing Thinking Skills must itself promote and reward thinking skills. Self- and Peer- assessment are the methods of assessment proposed by Costa and Kallick (2000) for the assessment of their Thinking Skills programme, Habits of Mind. This study investigates the diversity of perceptions which can be generated through self-, peer- and teacher-assessment, and how a balance can be struck between them through incorporating dialogue into assessment. 12 Grade 8 learners who study Habits of Mind as a school subject in a South African all-girls' private school participated in 4 assessment tasks. For each task, participants were assessed by a peer, a teacher and themselves. After each task, all participants reflected on the rubrics from all three assessors. Participants in this study demonstrated more extensive learning across Anderson's (2010) Dimensions of Growth when they engaged in reflective dialogue compared to when they engaged in written reflections. Through dialogue, learners were empowered as role-players in their own assessment and became able to shift their own perspective to include the perspectives of others. Dialogical Assessment also facilitated the development of meta-cognition in participants.

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Weldmeskel, Fisseha Mikre. "The use of quality formative assessment to improve student learning in West Ethiopian universities." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21909.

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Анотація:

The purpose of this study was to examine the ways by which student learning improvement and the self-regulation of learning are possible through the use of quality formative assessment in the teaching of a university course. In recent years, researchers in educational assessment are showing an increased interest to the improvement of learning resulting from the use of formative assessment. Formative assessment is generally recognised as an improvement oriented assessment. It is believed to result in instructional effectiveness. Quality formative assessment includes formative feedback, self-assessment and peer assessment. Previous studies show the contribution of each of these quality formative assessments to learning improvement. However, less attention has been given to studying the combined effect of quality formative assessments on learning improvement. On the other hand, the predominant use of summative assessment remains a challenge to the improvement in instruction. Thus, the question was to determine the extent to which the use of quality formative assessment improves learning. The literature review in this study show an over reliance upon summative assessment in the context of higher education classrooms. There is also recognition in that formative assessment improves learning and enhances self-regulation. This study followed a mixed-methods research design of the type partially mixed sequential and applied a quasi-experimental intervention, where the educators used quality formative assessment on lessons with the students in the intervention group. The quasiexperimentation was implemented with 378 (214 male and 164 female) first year students of three universities enrolled for “General Psychology” course and six educators who were teaching the course. The students in this study were taken from intact classes, because this is possible in quasi experimental research. Data for the quantitative part of the study were generated using a structured questionnaire and achievement tests. Interviews with the educators, focus group discussions with the students, and classroom observations were used to generate data for the qualitative phase of study. The pretestposttest scores as well as the students’ perceptions on self-regulating learning were compared between the intervention (N =191) and the comparison (N = 187) groups. The quantitative analysis used different inferential statistics, which proved the presence of statistically significant variations between the intervention and comparison groups for the outcome measures (posttest achievement and perception about self-regulating learning). Although the qualitative study showed the presence of positive perceptions towards quality formative assessment, the practice was found to be inconsistent. Perhaps, this may be because of the predominantly summative assessment tradition and the reluctance to use quality formative assessment. Finally, recommendations were made to promote the use of quality formative assessment aiming at the improvement and the self-regulation on learning.
Curriculum and Instructional Studies
D. Ed. (Didactics)

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Kopecká, Jana. "Formativní hodnocení ve výuce na 1. stupni základní školy." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-349128.

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Анотація:

This diploma thesis Formative Assessment in Primary School Education deals mainly with the classroom assessment, which provides the pupils with purposeful feedback on their learning at the time when their performance can still be improved. It is a very frequent assessment of pupil's progress. The first part of this diploma thesis deals with classroom assessment and describes the different types of assessment, its forms and tools. After embedding formative assessment to the context of classroom assessment, the thesis deals with the definition of this term and it closely clarifies its history, different approaches, and it especially specifies the use of formative assessment in practice. Part of the text, which is concerned with formative assessment strategies, closely explains concepts such as feedback, dealing with mistakes, questioning or peer-feedback. Major part of this work is dedicated to formative assessment techniques, which may function as a collection of valuable ideas and recommendations for teachers about working with pupils and assessing them in class. The second part of this diploma thesis presents an empirical research concerned with assessment of two teachers of Social Science and Czech language and literature at the selected primary school. Through case-study are examined these: in...

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Raška, Dominik. "Případová studie: zavádění prvků formativního hodnocení do výuky." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387322.

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Анотація:

The Diploma Thesis named Case Study: Implementing Formative Assessment into Education focuses on formative assessment and its place as well as specifics in educational reality from two perspectives - it aims at first-hand experience of teachers and pupils, and it also examines the whole-school process of implementing this change into education. The thesis' goal is to identify formative assessment as means of functional feedback between teachers and pupils, and to offer personal experience with implementing formative assessment into education from the point of view of teachers as well as pupils. The theoretical part characterises the formative assessment's major features along with methods and techniques and their respective benefits. The theoretical part further offers an overlook of how the process of implementing changes into schools can be managed. The empirical part then presents findings from a research aimed at implementing specific parts of formative assessment into practice at a selected school. Finally, the results point out mainly the crucial influence of management of the change on the overall outcome of the process and the gradual change of views and motivations of leading actors. KEYWORDS formative assessment, feedback, peer assessment, self-assessment, criterion-referenced assessment,...

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Dessie, Askalemariam Adamu. "Teachers' practices of assessment for learning in science education at East Gojjam preparatory schools, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21029.

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Empirical research evidences have confirmed the pedagogical power of formative assessment to improve students‟ learning, particularly in science education. Thus, this study investigated science teachers‟ practice of assessment for learning in second cycle secondary schools at East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State. To meet this objective mixed method research design, particularly concurrent mixed method was used. The subjects of the study were all of science teachers in the randomly selected schools. Questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and observation were used to collect the data. From 186 science teachers, 153 teachers properly filled and returned the questionnaire. Moreover, 8 purposively selected teachers were included in the interview and observation sessions. To analyze the quantitative data, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, one-sample t-test, multiple regression, MANOVA, and ANOVA were used. For the qualitative data content analysis was used. The results of the quantitative and qualitative data showed that the practice of assessment for learning in the selected schools was very low. Most science teachers administered tests, home works, assignments, and class works at the end of the lesson to consolidate what they taught and to collect marks, but they did not integrate different assessment for learning methods throughout their instruction for the sake of learning. Teachers mentioned lack of science resources, large class size, shortage of instructional time, inadequate school support, lack of appropriate professional development activities, lack of instructional materials, students‟ and teachers‟ negative perception on formative assessment, teachers‟ lack of knowledge and skill about formative assessment, and large content of courses as major factors for not implementing assessment for learning. Besides, this study revealed a significant relationship between teachers‟ perception and school supports with teachers‟ overall practice of assessment for learning. Teaching experience has also significant effect on the combined practice of assessment for learning, particularly teaching experience significantly affects the collection of learning evidences than other factors. However, class size, subject taught, and teaching load per week have no significant effect on the combined practice of assessment for learning. Moreover, the pre-service and in-service assessment trainings have no significant contributions to the practice of assessment for learning. Therefore, comprehensive and relevant assessment trainings should be given for science teachers on a regular basis to integrate assessment with daily instruction to improve learning.
Curriculum and Instructional Studies
D. Ed. (Didactics)

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Navrátilová, Lenka. "Zavádění formativního hodnocení na 2. stupni základní školy v přírodovědných předmětech." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415845.

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The work deals with possible ways to implement formative assessment into education at the second stage of primary school at science subjects, particularly at natural history and chemistry. The assumption for successful implementation of formative assessment is healthy climate in the class and the support of mutual help between pupils meaning their awareness of synergic effects of work of the whole class such as collectiveness, full of mutual respect and awareness of the desire to achieve a common and successful goal. Related to this is the strengthening of cooperative learning, group work and also the way pupils' self-assessment to strengthen their growth thinking, create and strengthen their ability to think about their learning, thus metacognition. Formative assessment enriches not only the students but also the teacher himself. Based on the information obtained, he thinks better about his teaching. However, this presupposes the professionalism of the teacher, his openness to the feedback of the pupils. If the teacher accepts this as a chance to improve, then he is a person in the right place who has more prerequisites for serving students and their education. Demonstrations of formative assessment procedures in the practical part give a chance to a larger number of students to feel the joy of...

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Hanneforth, Nathalie Nicole. "Die Effektivität von peer teaching in der EKG-Lehre und der Einfluss des Prüfungsformates auf die studentischen Leistungen." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F020-1.

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MÍSAŘOVÁ, Alena. "Vrstevnická zpětná vazba při badatelsky orientovaném vyučování přírodopisu na 2. stupni základní školy." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-394466.

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MÍSAŘOVÁ, A. (2019). Peer-feedback in inquiry-based education in biology lessons at lower-secondary level. Diploma thesis. Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice. 46 pp. This thesis deals with the use of formative assessment methods in inquiry-based education. Particularly, it is focused on the peer-feedback in which the students provide the written feedback to their classmates. The objective of the thesis is finding if the lower-secondary level students are able to provide quality and adequate feedback to their classmates. The process of the peer-feedback was incorporated into the realization of inquiry-based tasks focused on the water regime of the plants. In the beginning, the students created a proposal solution protocols for the given tasks; then the protocols were collected and given away by codes to the other students for the assessment and provision of the written feedback. After the end of the research, the interview was done with the chosen students to obtain their subjective opinions on the process of the peer-feedback. The found results have shown that the majority of the students was able to provide adequate feedback. The feedback quality depended on what part students had an assessment. The students mostly tried to provide adequate advice which led to the improvement of the protocol content, but there were found a few protocol quality decreasing advice also. In these cases, the students did not acceptthis advice. The biggest problem for the students was the assessment of the chosen tools. In the none protocol were the tools correctly chosen, so the result was that the evaluating students were not sure of the correct solution. The research has been proven that peer-feedback can be the useful method of the formative assessment which is easy to incorporate to the various biology lesson tasks, mainly to the inquiry-based activities. The main potential of this assessment method is that the students formulate the feedback with their words and that makes it easier to understand to the particular problematics. During the protocols assessment, the students also have the possibility to compare and look to the other protocols, find their own mistakes and take an edification.

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LIŠKOVÁ, Jana. "Rozhovor mezi žáky jako metoda vrstevnického hodnocení při badatelských úlohách z biologie člověka v hodinách přírodopisu." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363611.

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VOMÁČKOVÁ, J. (2017). The dialogue among students as a method of a peer assessment within inquiry tasks regarding human biology in biology lessons. MSc. Thesis. Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice. 50 pg. The aim of this thesis was to design the inquiry-based task that was focused on the human physiology and that enabled to use the formative assessment, more concretely the peer dialogue. Given task is focused on the blood groups issues and pupils tried to suggest their own advancement how to perform the simplified blood test with the aid of the given working aids. At the same time pupils evaluated work of their peers after the dialogue in group. They gave them the written feedback. On the grounds of this feedback the second group could correct their working procedure before they started to realize the experiment. During the research, there were worked with the audio recording, which were acquired during the peer dialogue, with the written feedback, and with the pupils' protocols. The inquiry based task including the formative assessment was implemented to the three lessons in two chosen schools in the South Bohemian Region. There was found out that the experience with inquiry based education has significant impact on the ability of pupils to provide the feedback for their peers. Pupils, who encountered the inquiry process for the first time, had got problems with particular steps and it lead to the uncertainty during the formulation of feedback for the peers. Nevertheless, mainly thanks to the peer dialogue and thanks to the providing of feedback, most of the pupils were able to become involved to the experiment and also were able to understand given problem. Dialogue between pupils proved to be the proper method of formative assessment because pupils completely openly debated about the classmates' protocols and at the same time they proved to learned more from their mistakes and also from the mistakes of their classmates and subsequently they were able to correct their protocols.

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Torres, Maria La Salete Sacramento. "Assessment for learning in the English language classroom." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/128130.

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Assessment is part of every English Language Teaching (ELT) classroom and though there are different types of assessment, there are two which clearly stand out: Assessment of Learning (AoL), which is about the final product, and Assessment for Learning (AfL), which is about the process and how learners can be involved in their learning and assessment. Recent methodologies suggest that teaching should be learner-centred and that learners should be part of the teaching and assessment process. As a result, in Assessment for Learning, teachers and learners share responsibilities concerning the teaching/learning process. Timely and adequate feedback given to learners throughout tasks helps learners to adjust their learning in order to achieve their learning goals. Self-assessment (SA) becomes a regular practice and allows students to reflect upon their performance. Another procedure is peer assessment (PA). By assessing their peers’ work, students also reflect about their own. Literature confirms that Assessment for Learning promotes learning and fosters motivation and engagement in learners. My research focuses on Assessment for Learning in the English Language classroom. The research was carried out during 6 lessons and was classroom-based. My research focused on AfL and behavioural engagement as it referred to how learners reacted to tasks and engaged with them during class. As it was more visible than other types of engagement (for example cognitive), it allowed me to observe students’ performance and to monitor their involvement with tasks. Students were asked to answers questionnaires and exit tickets and to do self- and peer assessment. Results show that students benefited both from self- and peer assessment and seemed more engaged with activities. In Assessment for Learning, when students reflect upon their performance and engage in self-assessment, they are learning, they are overcoming the gap between where they are at the moment and where they want to be. This process motivates and engages students in their learning, avoiding school failure and consequently, school drop-out. My findings support that AfL can promote behavioural engagement in students through activities and SA and PA, where students are in charge of their learning and can make decisions about the learning process together with the teacher.
A avaliação faz parte de todas as salas de aula de Ensino da Língua Inglesa e, embora existam diferentes tipos de avaliação, há dois que se destacam claramente: Avaliação das Aprendizagens, que é sobre o produto final, e Avaliação para as Aprendizagens, que se centra no processo e de como os alunos podem participar no seu processo de aprendizagem e avaliação. As metodologias recentes sugerem que o ensino deve ser centrado no aluno e que os alunos devem fazer parte do processo de ensino e avaliação. Como resultado, na Avaliação para as Aprendizagens, professores e alunos compartilham responsabilidades em relação ao processo de ensino/ aprendizagem. O feedback oportuno e adequado dado aos alunos ao longo das tarefas ajuda-os a reajustarem o seu percurso para atingir os seus objetivos de aprendizagem. A autoavaliação torna-se uma prática regular e permite que os alunos reflitam sobre o seu desempenho. Outro procedimento é a heteroavaliação: ao avaliarem o trabalho de seus pares, os alunos também refletem sobre o seu trabalho. A literatura confirma que a Avaliação para as Aprendizagens promove a aprendizagem e estimula a motivação e o envolvimento dos alunos. A minha pesquisa teve como foco a Avaliação para as aprendizagens na sala de aula de Ensino da Língua Inglesa. A pesquisa foi realizada durante 6 aulas em sala de aula. A minha pesquisa centrou-se no envolvimento comportamental, uma vez que se referia a como os alunos reagiam às tarefas e se empenhavam nas mesmas durante a aula. Como era mais visível do que outros tipos de envolvimento (por exemplo, cognitivo), permitiu-me observar o desempenho dos alunos e monitorizar seu envolvimento nas tarefas. Os alunos foram convidados a responder a questionários, bilhetes de saída e a fazer a auto e heteroavaliação. Os resultados mostram que, os alunos beneficiaram quer da auto como da heteroavaliação e pareciam mais empenhados nas atividades. Na Avaliação para as Aprendizagens, quando os alunos refletem sobre seu desempenho e fazem autoavaliação, eles estão a aprender, estão a superar a lacuna entre onde estão no momento e onde querem estar. Esse processo motiva e empenha os alunos na aprendizagem, evitando o fracasso escolar e, consequentemente, o abandono escolar. As minhas descobertas apoiam que a Avaliação para as Aprendizagens pode promover o envolvimento comportamental dos alunos por meio de atividades, onde os alunos são responsáveis por sua aprendizagem e podem tomar decisões sobre o processo de aprendizagem em conjunto com o professor.

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Laufková, Veronika. "Formativní hodnocení." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353596.

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This dissertation thesis is focused on the theme of formative assessment on a secondary level of education. The aim of this thesis is to define formative assessment and to show how it is implemented to the teaching process of the Czech language and literature on a secondary level of education. The theoretical part presents a review based on major international and national sources. Formative assessment is defined as an evaluation which brings valuable information concerning the knowledge and skills of the given pupil during the process of education. The typology and function of formative assessment, questions linked to its successful implementation are elaborated together with this methods: goals, criteria, feedback, self-assessment and peer assessment. The aim of the empirical part is to define the real form of the implementation of formative assessment in six targeted Czech schools. This thesis also presents the attitude of students towards the implementation of this method. A qualitative research method was chosen and a multiple case study was used as a form of research strategy. The data collection consisted of observation, document analysis and interviews with teachers and pupils. The formative assessment methods were best implemented under the supervision of a skilled mentor. Contrary to...

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Stuchlá, Anna. "Vzájemné hodnocení ve výuce češtiny jako cizího jazyka." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448973.

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The aims of this Master's thesis are (i) to examine the suitability of using peer-to-peer assessment in teaching writing skills in Czech B1-level courses and (ii) to suggest recommendations for tutors who are considering implementing the method in their Czech classes. The theoretical part is concerned with the description of particular types and forms of assessment and it presents an overview of several studies, focusing on those conducted in the field of ESL teaching. The empirical part focuses on describing the design and execution of the experiment as well as on interpreting its results. The experiment was performed as an intensive online writing course in Czech; the participants were students preparing for a B1-level exam. The investigation aimed at the quality of students' comments and at the implementation degree of their suggestions shows limited effectivity of using peer-to-peer assessment in teaching Czech on B1-level. However, based on the data, the study managed to identify several shortcomings in the way the peer-to-peer assessment method was used and it suggested recomendations for their elimination. If the tutors decide to follow these suggestions this could lead to a more succesful use of the investigated method in teaching.

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