Дисертації з теми "Formal firms"
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1
Lynch, Susan Elizabeth. "Structuring interaction inside firms : formal boundaries and tie formation." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441330.
2
Mohamed, Ali Nesma. "Towards a better integration of the informal sector : three empirical essays on the interaction between formal and informal firms in Egypt and beyond." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0046/document.
Анотація:
Depuis les années 2000, les économies du continent africain ont fait preuve de remarquable croissance. Toutefois, le contexte actuel met en péril le développement durable du secteur privé. Les imperfections liées au système institutionnel et à l’environnement commercial entravent l’évolution stable des entreprises et ouvrent la voie à la croissance d’un secteur informel très persistant. Cette thèse ouvre à nouveau le débat polémique sur le secteur informel en soulignant la capacité entrepreneuriale de ce secteur plutôt que les menaces qu’il représente. Afin de comprendre la forte persistance de l'informalité en dépit de ses impacts négatifs, nous testons à quel point la concurrence entre firmes formelles et informelles pourrait affecter l’économie égyptienne. Nous constatons qu'une concurrence plus intense incite les entreprises formelles à devenir plus productives. Nous étendons également notre analyse aux pays d'Afrique subsaharienne en soulignant l’effet stimulateur de la taxation et de la réglementation sur la puissance de la concurrence entre les entreprises formelles et informelles. Nos résultats font appel à l’introduction du secteur informel dans les politiques publiques visant la réforme de la fiscalité et de la réglementation en Afrique. Ces politiques devraient également viser l'accès des entreprises aux sources de financement, d'infrastructure et de formations comme outils principaux induisant le processus de formalisation et favorisant la croissance économique. Cette thèse souligne l’importance de repenser les effets du secteur informel dans les pays en développement, tout en le considérant comme un stimulateur de croissance économique plutôt qu’une menaceDespite the impressive economic growth of African economies since 2000s, the actual context is threatening the sustainable development of the private sector. Large institutional imperfections and poor business environment are hindering the development of firms and are paving the way for a more persistent informal sector. This thesis reopens the controversial debate about the informal sector by looking at its entrepreneurial capacity rather than its threats. In order to understand the strong persistence of this sector despite its confirmed negative impacts, we investigate the extent to which the relationship between formal and informal firms, through market competition, could affect the Egyptian economy. We find that more intense competition stemming from informal firms can drive formal firms to become more productive. We also extend our analysis to Sub-Saharan African countries by underlining the effect of taxation and regulation on the strength of competition between formal and informal firms. Our findings call on the importance of introducing the informal sector in undertaken policies that target the reform of taxation and regulations in Africa. These policies should also target the firms’ access to source of finance, infrastructure and training as effective tools inducing the formalization process and fostering economic growth. Therefore, this thesis provides evidence on the importance of revisiting the impacts of the informal sector in developing countries by looking at it as a driver of economic growth rather than a threat
3
Almquist, Bradley Kent, and Bradley Kent Almquist. "Marketing in small architecture firms: a comparison of marketing theory in formal texts and actual practices in small architecture firms." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625876.
4
Park, Hyun Kyu. "Empirical analysis of disguised relationships between formal economy firms and informal economy enterprises." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277907.
Анотація:
Scholarly interest in the informal economy has burgeoned in recent years, in anticipation of expanding our knowledge beyond the easily observable organizational life that takes place within the formal economic system. In line with this research endeavour, the present work represents a focused study of what I have labelled 'disguised relationships'. These ties result in repeated transactions between informal economy enterprises, which fail to comply with certain elements of the laws and regulations applying to their operations, and formal firms, which operate within the state-sanctioned formal economy. Drawing on an abductive reasoning process and grounded theory approach, I conduct a case study that captures the interactions between two leading cosmetics firms (i.e. formal firms) and ten daigou enterprises (i.e. informal enterprises) between 2013 and 2017. The examination of multiple data sources (i.e. interviews, news articles and social media observations) suggests that the organizational landscape under study differs considerably from the one in which formal firms are portrayed as rational choosers of best-performing partners or exploiters of subordinate actors within the informal economy. Rather, disguised relationships emerge in a unilateral and disguised fashion following the lead of informal enterprises, and formal firms unintentionally engage in the unexpected ties. Furthermore, disguised relationships create the image of dynamism replete with, metaphorically speaking, give-take, push-pull and chase-evade. More specifically, the emergent model illustrates the interactive practices through four mechanisms: (a) informal enterprises gaining social acceptability from certain society groups and acquiring the necessary resources from the members of identity-based groups; (b) drawing on this momentum, informal enterprises forming unilateral ties with formal firms in a disguised manner; (c) formal firms counteracting the unexpected ties, with temporary compromising on the counteracting efforts; and (d) informal enterprises avoiding the combatting efforts of formal firms through socially learnt tactics and leveraging network brokers (i.e. actors sharing the same ethnic/cultural backgrounds with informal enterprises while at the same time working for formal firms). This thesis makes contributions to the literature on both interorganizational relationships and the informal economy by overcoming the perennial problem of 'dualism' that is prevalent in the extant work. First, while the subject-object dualism bestows upon formal firms a heroic status such that they are conceptualized as rational actors forming interorganizational relationships, always on the basis of plans and goals, the current work argues that formal firms may participate in unexpected, yet lasting, ties, which requires ongoing situational responsiveness. Second, the structure-agency dualism projects the static image in which formal firms deliberately establish exploitative ties with structurally isolated informal enterprises, whereas the present study suggests that informal enterprises may exercise agency to proactively establish or dissolve connections with formal firms and to strengthen or weaken the relationships at their discretion. As such, dynamism figures prominently in the interorganizational relationships between formal firms and informal enterprises.
5
Nuhu, Nuraddeen S. "Understanding the International Entrepreneurial Process of Emerging Economy Firms: Evidence from Nigerian SMEs." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17374.
Анотація:
This study is motivated by the need to improve the understanding of international entrepreneurship (IE) in emerging economies. Thus, the researcher conducted an in-depth case study of four Nigerian firms to investigate how divergent institutional conditions influence the processes of IE from emerging economies to developed economies. The findings of the study depict how entrepreneurial activity from emerging economies to developed economies can involve many sub-activities and processes to achieve opportunity identification, development, and exploitation. This process which appears disruptive is significantly supported through resource acquisition and development. However, this process of IE is heavily shaped by the institutional conditions of the international entrepreneur’s host and home markets. The institutional environment impeded growth and entrepreneurial aspirations while simultaneously facilitating access to resources, reducing risks and providing legitimacy to the firms. These simultaneous effects of institutions constrained strategic choices of the entrepreneurs and by so doing, shaped the means and processes by which they identify and execute international opportunities.
The major contributions of this thesis include the validation of New Institutional Economics (NIE) framework for the examination of IE processes and empirical evidence demonstrating how entrepreneurial activity from emerging economies to developed economies can involve many sub-activities and processes to achieve opportunity identification, development, and exploitation. Also, the study guides emerging economy managers and entrepreneurs on ways to effectively manage their liabilities of smallness and foreignness. Lastly, the study provides some policy recommendations to facilitate the development of a conducive environment for entrepreneurship and IE to flourish in Nigeria.
6
Mårtensson, Bardeman Johanna, and Emelie Winroth. "It`s all about whom you know : the meaning of networks for small entrepreneurial firms." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-12334.
Анотація:
Networking among entrepreneurial firms is a widely researched and debated topic amongst academics; however, there are still research gaps. Most research is based on quantitative studies and researchers have called for more qualitative analysis to gain a deeper understanding in what impact networks have on entrepreneurial firms. The purpose with this dissertation is to explore in what way networks are important (or not) for small entrepreneurial firms, and if this changes over the firms’ development. The study has an interpretive philosophy and an exploratory research design. To collect data eight semi-structured interviews, with entrepreneurs in Kristianstad and the nearby area, were completed. The findings of this study are that networks look different for all entrepreneurial firms and the importance of different relationships changes over the firms’ life cycle. Informal relationships (family and friends) are important for the entrepreneur when it comes to encouragement and support, while formal relationships (suppliers, employees, customers and other entrepreneurs) contribute to the success of the firm by providing the entrepreneur with knowledge and advice. The conclusions, from the collected data, are that all relations are not of equal importance to all entrepreneurs. The importance depends on the entrepreneur’s personality and the industry the entrepreneur operates in. However, we found that the importance of talking to other entrepreneurs has grown and that the most important relationship seems to be with family and friends. The demarcations of this study are that only entrepreneurs in one area of one country were interviewed, also that a qualitative method was used; therefore, we cannot show any statistical proof of the findings.
7
Record, Richard. "Why do firms invest in an unstable business environment? : investigating formal and informal investment climate institutions in Vietnam." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/why-do-firms-invest-in-an-unstable-business-environment-investigating-formal-and-informal-investment-climate-institutions-in-vietnam(bbec31b1-9881-48e5-86b5-b1438ac93112).html.
Анотація:
The mainstream investment climate literature often fails to take account the methods that firms in developing countries adopt in order to mitigate the effects of a poor investment climate. A better understanding of these informal “coping strategies” may add to the body of knowledge on what is important, and what isn’t, when it comes to prioritising investment climate reforms in developing and transitional economies. Original research from Vietnam, a country which is growing rapidly and in the midst of its transition from plan to market, shows how firms have been able to adapt their business operations given an unstable and partially reformed institutional enabling environment. By comparing the behaviour of manufacturing enterprises across a number of differing local jurisdictions, we are able to discern just how firm level coping strategies adapt. We find evidence that entrepreneurs are able to use a variety of informal institutional mechanisms to invest and operate in an inhospitable business environment where private property rights are not well protected and develop “second best” response mechanisms. These mechanisms include establishing formal and informal networks and linkages, seeking patronage and protection, and by sharing ownership with potential expropriators. We also find evidence that in the face of weak property rights protection, firms adopt approaches to reduce the costs to the original investors if third party expropriation is attempted and are less likely to reinvest retained earnings. Where they do invest, it is principally in dissolvable and/or movable assets, and adopting a higher discount rate or risk adjusted time value of money for capital investments. Similarly, we find evidence of linkages between measures of firm confidence in the local investment climate, and the extent to which firms are willing to employ outside salaried management. Thus, the thesis provides a contribution to the growing literature reviewing the development of formal and informal investment climate institutions in transitional and developing economies. The principle research finding, namely that the establishment and use of informal or second best institutional arrangements can offset some of the costs and risks associated with an otherwise weak and unstable business environment, has important implications for policymakers when it comes to the prioritization of investment climate reforms in developing countries.
8
El, Said H., and Frank McDonald. "Institutional reform and entry mode by foreign firms: The case of Jordan." UMAR Institute of Macroeconomic Analysis (Ljubljana, Slovenia), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2591.
Анотація:
This paper investigates the links
between institutional systems and the
entry mode of Multinational
Corporations (MNCs) in developing
and transition countries (DTCs). An
assessment is made of the reasons for
the continuing use of international joint
ventures (IJVs) in countries that have
undergone reforms intended to lead to
the development of wholly owned
subsidiaries. The paper argues that
formal and informal institutional
constraints in DTCs lead to high
transaction and uncertainty costs for
MNCs, and that the use of IJVs is a
rational response to attempt to lower
these high costs. The paper follows the
literature suggesting that IJVs are
normally a `second best¿ entry mode
in terms of the potential for foreign
direct investment (FDI) to contribute
to the development of DTCs. The
reform process in Jordan is used to
illustrate how institutional systems,
especially informal institutional
constraints, lead to high transaction
and uncertainty costs. In the case of
Jordan, this occurred despite a series
of four reform packages seeking to
reduce the institutional barriers to
effective business activities. Interviews
of 28 foreign companies provide the
basis for an empirical assessment of
the importance of both formal and
informal institutional constraints and
infrastructure problems. The paper
includes an outline of a future research
agenda that seeks to generalise and
develop the results from Jordan to other
DTCs.
9
Qu, Yi. "The investigation of innovation and performance of Chinese manufacturing firms : the role of foreign direct investment, formal institutions and research and development strategies." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6249/.
Анотація:
By employing an institution-based view, this thesis proposes that the innovation of indigenous firms is directly influenced by FDI and formal institutions and the latter also moderate the effects of the former. I use the World Bank Enterprise Survey 2003(WBES2003). The following findings are obtained: 1) FDI generates negative spillover effects on patents; 2) formal institutions positively affect innovation of firms; 3) formal institutions positively moderate the negative FDI innovation effects. This thesis also looks at the role of formal institutions at regional level. It proposes that regional formal institutions and FDI affect the innovation of Chinese firms and also affect regional innovation. I use the WBES2012, China Statistical Yearbook and the NERI Index of Marketization of China. The following findings are obtained: 1) FDI generates no spillover effects on innovation; 2) regional formal institutions promote innovation of Chinese firms, while the study fails to discover such an impact from legal institutions; 3) regional formal institutions promote regional innovation. In addition, this thesis also looks at the role of national innovation system (NIS) and a firm’s R&D strategy in firm performance. It proposes that the performance of indigenous firms is directly affected by R&D strategy, NIS and FDI. Moreover, R&D strategy and NIS can also moderate FDI spillover effects. I use the WBES2003.The findings suggest the following: 1) firm performance is positively linked to the level of originality in a firm’s R&D strategy; 2) NIS promotes firm performance; 3) FDI generates positive spillover effects on total sales; 4) FDI spillover effects are positively moderated by a firm’s R&D strategy and NIS.
10
Abdulai, Abdul-Fatahi. "University-industry interactions : a comparative analysis of the influence of formal and informal university knowledge transfer mechanisms on innovation performance in firms in Ghana." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/9933.
Анотація:
Knowledge transferred from universities is known to pass through many mechanisms to influence innovation in firms. Nonetheless, research on university knowledge transfer in less developed economies is not readily available in the extant literature. At the heart of this is a lack of analytical framework to guide university knowledge transfer in developing economies. The current study therefore elicits a comprehensive understanding of university knowledge transfer in the West African country of Ghana. The study adapts a generic integrated university knowledge transfer framework that suites the context of developing economies and evaluates how university knowledge transfer mechanisms influence innovation in firms in primary, manufacturing and service sectors in Ghana. To achieve the study aim, explanatory sequential mixed methods was employed from which the study contends that universities interactions with industry in Ghana are effective through both formal and informal mechanisms. However, the two are found not to directly lead to the ultimate results of innovation performance in firms and will have to be expedited through other means such as technology transfer offices, knowledge networks and collaborative research projects between universities and firms. In addition, the study shows that firms in different sectors of Ghanaian economy have some similarities as well as differences by which they acquire new knowledge from universities to significantly improve their products and services. These disparities in particular are explained accordingly by specific characteristics the sectors, pace of innovation adoption in each sector and greatly influenced equally by size, socio-cultural factors and general background of management staff in all sectors. Based on these, primary and manufacturing sectors firms are found to have comparatively weak relations with universities, whereas service sector firms have stronger interactions. The study concludes that interactions driving universities and industry are productive and worth pursuing as one of many instruments for innovative changes in all aspects of Ghanaian economy. The study suggests that knowledge generation players in Ghana need to have a well-defined national innovation agenda that seeks to facilitate and address sector specific needs. Significantly, the government of Ghana needs to create avenues for local firms, particularly small to medium scale enterprises in primary and manufacturing sectors to gain additional capabilities to absorb knowledge. Nevertheless, a stronger relationship between universities and firms in Ghana will by no means usher in the required knowledge for wealth and prosperity. Finally, the study recommends a rigorous adjustment in current universities' physical and administrative structures to accommodate industry interactions and create knowledge that suits basic characteristics needs of individual sectors. Most of all, economic policies will have to be carefully designed and efficiently directed by dedicated experts to work to successful realisation of the country's industrialisation objective. Lastly, more research will need to be conducted in the area of innovation policy effectiveness and impact evaluation for deeper understanding and to help to create ideal environment for productive research outcomes in all sectors of the economy.
11
Alamine, Maria, and Justina Chelala. "Can "lagom" save you in a Confucian world? : A study of how national cultural differences affect the use of management control systems of Swedish firms in China." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64883.
Анотація:
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and provide a deeper understanding of how the national culture of China affects the use of formal and informal management control systems of Swedish firms, operating in China. In order to conduct this research, relevant theories concerning internationalization, culture and management control systems were gathered and analyzed in relation to each other. This resulted in a conceptual framework, which illustrates the interrelationships between the concepts. Thereafter, this was used as the ground to which the empirical findings were analyzed and compared to. The analysis chapter involves a discussion of the similarities and dissimilarities between theory and empirical data, which leads to the conclusions of this study. This is lastly followed by theoretical implications, practical implications and recommendations, limitations and suggestions for further research. The study has been conducted with a qualitative research method, in order to obtain a deeper understanding of how national culture can affect the use of management control systems of Swedish firms in China. Further, due to the unexplored and limited research area of this complex subject, the study followed an abductive approach. The findings of this research indicate that the Chinese culture affects the use of formal control systems, in which they are used extensively within Swedish firms, operating in China. However, the national culture of China does not have an effect on the informal control systems of Swedish firms. Nevertheless, the use of the informal control systems should not be undermined, as the use of these triggers for more innovation and creativity among the members of an organization. This in turn could lead to Swedish firms operating more efficiently in the Chinese market. This research can be valuable for Swedish firms that wish to internationalize to the Chinese market, as well as firms operating in China with concerns regarding the use of management control systems in relation to the culture.
12
Neri, Lainé Matteo. "International trade and firm activity in an insecure world." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD006.
Анотація:
Les activités économiques et le commerce sont profondément liés à la gestion de la violence, constituant un défi majeur dans le système mondial moderne. Cette violence, englobant l'expropriation, la destruction, la piraterie, le terrorisme, les conflits et les guerres, affecte tous les pays. Y être exposé entraîne des coûts économiques substantiels, entravant le commerce et le développement. En réponse, les États ont mis en place des politiques de sécurité et attendent en retour des bénéfices économiques. Cette thèse analyse la connexion entre l'insécurité internationale et les activités économiques. Le premier chapitre se concentre sur l'effet des alliances militaires sur le commerce - des traités spécifiquement conçus pour réduire l'insécurité internationale. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous examinons la complexité des événements militaires et étudions leur impact micro-économique sur les entreprises formelles. Enfin, le chapitre trois analyse les conséquences de sensibilités bilatérales aux coûts d'échange, y compris l'insécurité, sur les revenus réelsEconomic activities and trade are deeply intertwined with the management of violence, posing a significant challenge in the modern global system. This violence, spanning expropriation, destruction, piracy, terrorism, conflicts, and wars, affects all countries. The exposure to violence leads to substantial economic costs, hindering trade and development. In response, states have enforced security policies and expect economic benefits in return. The thesis analyses this connexion between international insecurity and economic activities. The first chapter focuses on the military alliances’ effect on trade – treaties specifically designed to reduce international insecurity. In the second chapter, we dig into the complexity of military events and investigate their micro-economic impact on formal firms. Finally, chapter three analyses the consequences of country-pair-specific sensitivity to exchange costs, including insecurity, on real revenues
13
Tvrz, Pavel. "Dobrovolnictví v mezinárodní firmě." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197215.
Анотація:
The aim of the graduation thesis is to elicit the motibation of volunteers in employer-supported volunteer program. Practical part of the thesis is oriented on employer-supported volunteer program in specific company Hewlett-Packard. Research information in thepractical part of the thesis was gathered from Hewlett-Packard employees. Theoretical part of the thesis describes volunteering, its types, terminology, models and perspectives. Volunteering is examined from view of ecomonics, social-psychology or game theory. In last part of theoretical part is described the structure of volunteers on Czech Republic by age, education or religion.
14
Patino, S. C. "Exploring the formal and informal distribution mechanisms for Colombian documentary films." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/37891/.
Анотація:
Historically, documentary films have always encountered very serious problems of distribution and have struggled immensely to find reliable audiences, even though, ironically, documentaries are accepted by many as significant tools for the promotion of important historical, social and cultural values. There is a very serious lack of proper tools and strategies to allow documentaries to reach their potential audience in a manner that is consistent with the importance of these films as enablers of important discussion and analysis inside a society. This is especially true in the case of most developing countries, where open discussion about social, economic or cultural issues that documentaries are perfectly suited to confront and explain is more than necessary. And among these countries, the case of Colombia will occupy this research as a remarkable case study, since it is a country that is producing a large number of documentaries about pressing matters but which unfortunately are not being seen, while at the same time it is a country whose ambivalent attitude towards film production and distribution embodies the contradictions between formal and informal economies as well as between legitimate and illegitimate ways to obtain access to films and other media. Considering this situation, the main concern of this research is to review and analyse the different mechanisms that have been used to distribute and promote documentary films (although in some cases, such as the informal markets, the focus will be placed on issues pertaining both fiction and nonfiction films), with the intention to understand how these mechanisms have failed or succeeded in allowing these films to meet their primary objective: reaching their audiences. To provide this analysis, this study will resort to several different resources such as economic studies, surveys, reports, interviews with filmmakers, producers and film distributors –both legal and illegal– from different countries, along with other different sources that will provide what is hopefully a well-rounded account on the complex situation of film distribution in developing countries in general, and Colombia in particular, XI and the challenges that result from such scenario. As a consequence of this analysis, this work also aims to propose new alternatives for the distribution of documentary films; alternatives that could ultimately be of use in improving the communication between documentary filmmakers, their work and their potential spectators.
15
Hickman, James Preston. "The impact of formal and informal network linkages on firm innovation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29774.
Анотація:
This study explore the linkages or partnerships that companies across the EU and a defend set of emerging market economies have in either a formal or informal manner. The research aims to understand the correlation of these linkages and a firm’s ability in innovate. Empirically this research is set out to determine if there are differences in a firm’s ability to innovate based on the structure of the linkage, i.e. formal or informal. The study extends to understand the impact that the economic downturn had had on these linkages and what impact, if any has filtered through to the firm’s ability to innovate.The central argument is that firms with linkages benefit but being more nimble innovators and therefore both formal and informal linkages are very good for business and an organizations ability to innovate.Chi squared and t-tests were run on the responses of the firms belonging to the export or domestic categories. The results overwhelmingly suggest that in respect of innovativeness, the domestic suppliers do not differ from those that opt to export into the developed world. However the firms belonging to the domestic group differ considerably with regards to who they collaborate with for their innovations when compared to the export group.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
16
Evrard, Marceline. "Tensions et expression dans les films américains de Milos Forman." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825575.
Анотація:
Le cinéma américain de Milos Forman suscite un regard multiple. Eternellement passionné par les histoires de conflit, le cinéaste affirme la nécessité d'un cadre hostile pour étudier les passions humaines. Cette tension, aussi thématique qu'esthétique, lui permet de montrer les moindres mécanismes d'oppression au sein d'histoires européennes ou américaines, leçon d'anatomie révélant les plus infimes forces magnétiques de la prise de pouvoir. Elle se double d'une invitation à la redécouverte de l'individualité, par les jeux d'identification avec des personnages attrayants mais réalistes, par la simulation de la naissance de la liberté individuelle dans des mondes primitifs ou régressifs, accentuant la nécessité du rêve pour faire éclater tous les bâillons collectifs. Ce n'est qu'au sein de ces rappels des dimensions humaines que Forman peut appeler à une certaine mesure dans une démarche fondamentalement réaliste. L'importance de la tempérance ne peut être comprise à sa juste valeur que par rapport à l'étude des répressions : se détachant nettement des modérations bienséantes des sociétés, Forman rappelle la nécessité de la responsabilité dans l'entente communautaire. Cet équilibre problématique trouve un écho dans son approche de l'étude du réel, puisque la vérité humaine n'est saisissable qu'au travers de multiples jeux de tensions. Le rapport au monde repose sur la réception d'images, et l'observation reste un geste à la fois intime et interactif. Son cinéma n'est donc pas tant l'étude de l'Amérique qu'une façon de travailler le mouvement perpétuel des images, influencé par une nation marquante dans l'Histoire du cinéma qui continue de se définir par le protéiforme.
17
Mickelow, Garrison Garry Stephen. "The artist as schizophrenic, psychic and formal structures in four films by Jerry Lewis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34316.pdf.
18
Nílsson, David, and Myhre Mauritz Smedensjö. "CEO Power, Discretion and Firm Performance : The Moderating Role of Formal CEO Board Membership." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106068.
Анотація:
Background: Formal CEO board membership is a unique feature of Swedishboards. The share of firms having Formal CEO board membership hassignificantly decreased in the last 20 years and thus, this feature might haveevolved to be used as a signal of high CEO quality. CEO quality is in turnlikely to, through Formal CEO board membership, serve as a moderator of therelationship that both CEO power and CEO discretion has to firm performancewhich has previously been somewhat ambiguous. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain how the CEO’s power anddiscretion is related to firm performance and if this relation is moderated byFormal CEO board membership. Method: To fulfill the purpose of this thesis, a deductive research approachwas used. The theoretical model used is built on four theories namely,Stewardship theory, CEO power, CEO discretion and Signaling theory. With a five-year interval stretching between 1998 to 2018, the quantitative empiricalmethod relies on compensation and financial data from Swedish firms. Conclusion: The results indicate that the relation that both CEO power andCEO discretion have to firm performance, consistent with the theoreticalmodel, is positive. The results further indicate that Formal CEO boardmembership as a signal of CEO quality can moderate these relationships. Thisfinding is, however, exclusive to the years after 2008.
19
Zheleva, Denitsa, and Alexandra Viklund. "Intra-firm knowledge transfer-a qualitative case study of knowledge transfer and its implications in a soft service firm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-231963.
Анотація:
The following case study aims to explore the knowledge transfer and its implications in the context of a soft service firm. The complexity of knowledge itself and the knowledge transfer process in service firms brings new challenges. The phenomenon was investigated by the application of grounded theory. Interviews were conducted with employees at a company present in the Quick Service Restaurant segment. It resulted in several findings that were not reported by previous literature. Firstly, within the case company there was multiple formal networks that circulate separately, except for interconnections through the restaurant managers. Within the organization personal relationships proved to be the most important factor for knowledge sharing. Secondly, within a large franchise network, an actor might take the role of knowledge creator due to its size and influence the other franchises in the network. Thirdly, knowledge transfer, implementation and innovation are hindered when work environment is characterized by stress and high pressure to perform. Fourthly, communication improves operation efficiency and employee motivation. This study provides navigations to future research and can be used as guidance in regard to knowledge transfer for practitioners, managers or other interested.
20
Johnson, Jimmy. "What is the process for producing a weekly magazine-format video Webcast intended to promote a Division II athletic program?" Instructions for remote access, 2009. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
21
Miller, Jill. "An empirical investigation of the relationship between the formal and the informal firm in a retail context." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553103.
Анотація:
To understand how an organisation functions effectively it is necessary to look at both the formal firm and the informal firm. It is widely acknowledged that the formal and informal aspects of an organisation interact. However, little empirical work has investigated the nature of this interaction. This study aims to conceptualise the relationship between the formal and the informal firms and the effect of the informal firm on employee performance. The formal firm is defined as the explicitly documented policies and procedures which dictate how the firm should operate. The informal firm is defined as the socially derived ways of performing tasks. A social capital framework is employed to study the formal and informal firms as it is through their connections with others that employees develop the informal firm. A highly standardised, major retail organisation was the population for this study. The formal firm was therefore a constant across stores, facilitating study of the informal firm. Data collection was both quantitative and qualitative, by means of questionnaires presented to employees within semi-structured interviews, interviews with managers and in-store observations. Data analysis involved multiple linear regressions, content analysis and case studies. This thesis makes a contribution in the following four respects. First, three relationships between the formal and informal firms are conceptualised. Second, empirical evidence is provided for the importance of the informal firm in both determining how employees perform their job tasks and affecting the implementation of formal policy. Third, even in such a standardised organisation the dual role of the departmental manager was highlighted. Fourth, it is proposed that social capital and the informal firm be included in the HR-performance chain to contribute to 'unlocking the black box' (Purcell et al, 2003). The informal firm is a fact of life in any organisation. Understanding its interaction with the formal firm as well as its effect on formal policy success provides a source of internal competitive advantage to managers. Social relationships among the workforce affect how tasks are completed within an organisation and the attainment of organisational goals.
22
SILVA, Eduardo de Mello. "Obtenção e caracterização de nanocompósitos na forma de filmes planos." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2016. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1044.
Анотація:
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O presente trabalho trata da obtenção e caracterização de filmes planos de PEBDL/bentonita com e sem a incorporação de um agente compatibilizante (PE-gMA). Os filmes foram obtidos por extrusão plana e suas propriedades mecânicas, de permeabilidade e térmicas foram avaliadas em função do teor (0 a 5% em massa) e do tipo de carga incorporada. Duas argilas foram utilizadas: a) uma bentonita de origem local (Paraibana) e b) uma argila organofílica comercial importada. A argila paraibana foi purificada e organofilizada antes de ser incorporada à matriz polimérica. As argilas utilizadas foram caracterizadas através da sua capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), por difração de raios-x (DRX), por espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análise da composição química por energia dispersiva (EDX), análise granulométrica e por análise termogravimétrica (TGA). Os nanocompósitos obtidos na forma de filmes planos foram caracterizados por DRX, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), permeabilidade ao vapor de água e aos gases O2 e CO2, propriedades mecânicas, análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e análise da calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). Os filmes de nanocompósitos com compatibilizante apresentaram morfologia intercalada/parcialmente esfoliada e os filmes sem a presença do compatibilizante apresentaram morfologia compatível com a de nanocompósitos intercalados/microcompósitos. Os resultados das propriedades mecânicas mostraram que os filmes preparados com o agente compatibilizante apresentaram propriedades superiores à da matriz pura e às dos outros sistemas preparados. A presença do agente compatibilizante reduziu significativamente a permeabilidade ao vapor de água e a permeabilidade ao gás O2 nos filmes, mas os filmes sem a presença do agente compatibilizante apresentaram aumento desta propriedade quando comparados ao filme de PEBDL puro. As analises térmicas mostraram um aumento discreto da estabilidade térmica para os filmes de nanocompósitos preparados com o agente compatibilizante.
The present work deals with the manufactur and characterization of flat films of LLDPE/bentonite with and without the incorporation of a compatibilizing agent (PE-g-MA). The films were obtained by flat die extrusion and its mechanical, permeability and thermal properties were evaluated in function of clay content (0 to 5% by mass) and clay identity. Two clays were used: a) a local bentonite (from Paraiba) and b) an imported commercial organoclay. The local clay was purified and organophilized before being incorporated into the polymer matrix. The clays were characterized by cation exchange capacity (CEC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), analysis, chemical composition by dispersive energy (EDX), particle size analysis and by thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Nanocomposites obtained as flat films were characterized by XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water vapor, O2 and CO2 gas permeability, mechanical properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanocomposite films with compatibilizer showed an intercalated/partially exfoliated morphology while the morphology of the films without compatibilizer was compatible with that of intercalated nanocomposites/microcomposites. The mechanical properties of the films prepared with the compatibilizer agent were higher than those of the neat matrix and the other systems prepared. Compatibilizing agent addition significantly reduced water vapor and O2 gas permeability in films, but the films without the presence of the compatibilizer showed an increase of this property when compared to pure LLDPE film. The influence of compatibilizer addition on CO2 permeability was small. Thermal analyzes showed a slight increase of thermal stability for the films of nanocomposites prepared with the compatibilizing agent.
23
Tušková, Barbora. "Konkurs jako forma řešení úpadku s praktickým příkladem firmy Z plus M TRADING s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201577.
Анотація:
The topic of this thesis is bankruptcy as a form of insolvency solution with a practical example of company Z plus M TRADING Ltd. The goal of the thesis is to describe the gist of bankruptcy proceedings and describe the changes in Czech insolvency law that took place with the introduction of the new Civil Code effective from 1 January 2014. The thesis is divided into six chapters. It provides information on history of insolvency, bankruptcy proceedings or provides statistics on insolvency proceedings. The gathered information is then applied to a specific example of a company in bankruptcy.
24
Štěpánková, Kateřina. "Podnikatelský záměr - zřízení stavební firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224476.
Анотація:
The diploma thesis focuses on the design of the business plan, which will extend the existing company so that it will be started a new company, while three projects will be addressed in the construction field. The thesis is based on the basic theoretical knowledge, followed by an analysis of the market environment and competition. Finally, the entire procedure is developed for the extension of the legal forms of business, including an economic evaluation.
25
Šumerová, Iva. "Změna stávající strategie rozvoje firmy Hennlich." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124618.
Анотація:
This thesis focuses on the company organization from the global point of view. It defines models of possible organizational schemes and factors which influence the company's strategy. It shows us the types of development strategy, describes the trends in organizational structures and talks about the legal aspects connected with organizational process.
26
Benvenuti, Ronaldo. "Utilização da arbitragem como forma de solução de disputas por empresas construtoras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-18082010-161302/.
Анотація:
As atividades da construção civil são intrinsecamente complexas, resultado de muitas variáveis e grande quantidade de informações envolvidas, o que dificulta o gerenciamento dos riscos e a previsão de conflitos, os quais podem vir a se tornar uma disputa. Os contratos, instrumentos de pacto e reguladores das ações dos agentes e celebrados para a realização dos empreendimentos, muitas vezes são mal redigidos e criam um campo fértil para disputas e demandas judiciais, as quais geram prejuízos aos agentes e às partes interessadas envolvidas. A justiça estatal é morosa em função do acúmulo de processos e de alto custo. Como alternativa, foi instituída pela lei federal 9307/96 a arbitragem, uma forma de solução de disputas de forma privada, criada com a intenção de ser rápida, de baixo custo e sigilosa. O objetivo desta pesquisa é o de analisar a freqüência e condições de utilização da arbitragem nos contratos de execução de empreendimentos de construção civil, a identificação das vantagens e desvantagens que uma empresa construtora terá ao utilizá-la de modo a sugerir ações com vistas a incrementar a sua utilização pelas empresas construtoras. Foram utilizados como métodos de pesquisa a revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas de campo com três órgãos institucionais arbitrais, três empresas construtoras e três escritórios de advocacia.Construction activities are inherent complex, as a result of a great number of interests and large amount f information involved, what makes risk management and conflict prediction difficult tasks, eventually leading to legal disputes. Construction and engineering contracts often do not cover all risks involved, leading to claims and resulting in losses of time and money for construction firms, engineering companies, property developers, and other stakeholders. The judiciary system is very slow and expensive, and, as an alternative, private arbitration courts were created by federal law 9307/96. Private managed, these courts are expected to be faster, less expensive and confidential. The aim of this research is to analyze the frequency and conditions of the use of arbitration in contracts in civil construction projects, identifying advantages and disadvantages from the point of view of construction companies, aiming to suggest actions as to increase its use. The research method includes bibliographic review and a survey with three institutional private arbitration organizations, three construction firms and three law firms.
27
Lavinscky, Anderson Borges da Silva. "Síntese e caracterização do sistema SrTi1-xSnxO3 na forma de pó e na forma de filmes finos para aplicação como sensores de gases tóxicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-15022019-085246/.
Анотація:
O objetivo desta tese de doutorado foi estudar a influência da adição do íon estanho (Sn4+) à rede do composto SrTiO3 em substituição ao íon de titânio visando otimizar as propriedades elétricas desse composto e, como consequência, obter uma melhora de seu desempenho como um sensor de gás na forma de filmes finos. Para realizar a deposição destes filmes finos através dos métodos de Deposição por Feixe de Elétrons (EBD), alvos cerâmicos de composição SrTi1-xSnxO3 (STSO) com x = 0; 0,20; 0,40; 0,60; 0,80; 0,85; 0,90; 0,95; 1 foram obtidos através do método dos precursores poliméricos modificado. A sequência de formação de soluções sólidas foi determinada através do refinamento Rietveld das amostras STSO na forma de pó sinterizadas, obtidas através dos métodos dos precursores poliméricos e de reação de estado sólido, mostrando que a transição da fase cúbica Pm3̄m do composto SrTiO3 até a fase ortorrômbica Pnma do composto SrSnO3 não depende do método de síntese. As medidas de espectroscopia Raman e absorção de raios-X (XANES, na borda K do Ti) das amostras tanto na forma de pó, obtidas através do método dos precursores poliméricos e de reação de estado sólido, quanto na forma de filme fino obtidas por EBD revelaram a existência de uma desordem local na rede do composto SrTiO3 que diminui com o aumento da temperatura e com a diminuição da concentração de Sn. Os filmes finos STSO obtidos por EBD foram avaliados como sensores utilizando-se os gases O3 e NH3. Em medidas realizadas com o gás ozônio (O3), os resultados mostraram que os filmes finos de 100 nm de espessura apresentaram uma maior sensibilidade tendo a amostra com 60% de Sn com o melhor desempenho a 350°C para 0,15 ppm do gás. As análises de performance dos filmes STSO quanto a seletividade indicaram que não foram seletivos e que apresentaram uma maior resposta ao gás ozônio quando comparados ao gás NH3.The objective of this work was to study the influence of the addition of tin ion (Sn4+) into the SrTiO3 compound lattice, to replace the titanium ion (Ti4+). The aim was to optimize the electrical properties of SrTiO3 compound and, as a consequence, to obtain an improvement of its performance as a gas sensor in the thin films samples. To perform the deposition of these thin films through Electron Beam Deposition (EBD), ceramic targets of composition SrTi1-xSnxO3 (STSO) with x = 0; 0.20; 0.40; 0.60; 0.80; 0.85; 0.90; 0.95; and 1 were obtained by the modified polymer precursor method. The solid solution formation sequence was determined by the Rietveld refinement of the STSO sintered powdered samples, obtained by both polymeric precursor and solid-state reaction methods, showing that the transition from the cubic Pm3̄m phase of the SrTiO3 compound to the orthorhombic Pnma phase of the SrSnO3 compound does not depend on the synthesis method. The measurements of Raman spectroscopy and absorption of X-rays (XANES, at Ti K-edge), of the powdered samples obtained by both synthesis methods and of the thin films obtained by EBD, revealed the existence of a local disorder in the SrTiO3 compound lattice which decreases with increasing of temperature and with decreasing of Sn concentration. The STSO thin films were evaluated as sensors using the O3 and NH3 gases. In measurements accomplished with the ozone gas (O3), the results showed that thin films of 100 nm thickness had a higher sensitivity. The sample having 60% of tin showed the best performance at 350°C for 0.15 ppm of ozone gas. The performance analysis related to the selectivity of the STSO films indicated they were not selective and that presented a higher response to the ozone gas when compared to the NH3 gas.
28
Čechlovský, Petr. "Podnikatelský plán ve stavebninách." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10964.
Анотація:
The diploma thesis addresses the problem of the beginning of business. In the theoretical part has been given an interpretation of the steps leading to the company establishment, choosing the legal form and creating a business plan. In the practical part was created a business plan for a company engaged in building materials sale. The entire document should serve as a manual for starting entrepreneurs.
29
Gaffo, Luciana. "Síntese, caracterização e estudo de propriedades de ftalocianinas metálicas na forma de filmes de Langmuir e Langmuir-Blodgett." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-18112014-142352/.
Анотація:
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre síntese, caracterização e propriedades de ftalocianinas metálicas na forma de filmes ultrafinos. Foi obtida mais de uma fração para cada ftalocianina. Para as ftalocianinas de paládio (PdPc) e de ródio (RhPc), apenas uma fração pôde ser totalmente purificada para trabalhos com a técnica Langmuir-Blodgett (LB). As frações de ftalocianina de rutênio (RuPc) não atingiram pureza suficiente para fabricação de filmes de Langmuir e LB. As propriedades das ftalocianinas de ródio e bisftalocianina de itérbio (YbPc2), sintetizada em trabalho anterior, foram estudadas na formação de filmes LB. Observou-se forte influência das condições exterimentais nos resultados. Para a YbPc2, a posição do sensor de medida de pressão altera a pressão de colapso dos filmes, algo que só é observado em filmes de compostos semi-anfifilicos. O potencial de superficie dos filmes de Langmuir depende da velocidade de compressão, mas tais diferenças não aparecem nos filmes LB depositados. Foi observada uma forte interação química entre a RhPc e o ácido esteárico, o que é atípico para ftalocianinas. Esta interação parece ser bem menos intensa nos filmes LB. As áreas ocupadas por molécula para as bisftalocianinas de itérbio e samário e a ftalocianina de ródio foram 69, 60 e 75 ު e as pressões de colapso 52, 54 e 57 mN/m, respectivamente. Esses resultados mostram similaridade nas características das diferentes ftalocianinas. Entretanto, o potencial de superficie foi bem menor para a RhPc, provavelmente devido a uma menor componente de dipolo normal à superficie da água. O comportamento eletroquímico de filmes LB da YbPc2 dependeu da espessura dos filmes. Em filmes mais espessos, há maior dificuldade na difusão dos íons, principalmente no processo catódico. Filmes LB da YbPc2 e PdPc apresentaram eletrocromismo, mudando de cor com a aplicação de diferentes potenciais. Em espectroscopia Raman, observou-se que a banda em 675 cm-1 é a de maior intensidade para a RhPc e YbPc2, quando utilizada a linha de laser em 633 nm. A PdPc tem comportamento distinto apresentando a banda de maior intensidade em 1520 cm-1. Ao analisar estes resultados à luz de dados da literatura, conclui-se que o fator predominante para os espectros Raman é o estado de oxidação. Os metais Yb e Rh estariam no mesmo estado de oxidação, diferente do Pd. Comparando os resultados de microscopia de força atômica (AFM) e mapeamento Raman para a YbPc2, observou-se que filmes LB contendo maior porcentagem de YbPc2 são mais homogêneosThis work presents the synthesis, characterization and properties of metallic phthalocyanines. For the palladium phthalocyanine (PdPc) and rhodium phthalocyanine (RhPc), only one fraction could be totally purified for work with the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. The fractions of ruthenium phthalocyanine (RuPc) could not be sufficiently purified for the fabrication of Langmuir and LB films. The film properties of rhodium phthalocyanine and ytterbium bisphthalocyanine (YbPc2), synthesized in a previous work, were investigated, which showed results depending on the experimental conditions. For YbPc2, the positioning of the pressure sensor affects the collapse pressure of the Langmuir films. This is only observed in semi-amphiphilic compounds. The surface potential of the Langmuir films depends on the compression speed, but these differences are not observed in LB films. A strong chemical interaction between stearic acid and RhPc was observed, which is unprecedented for phthalocyanines. The interaction seems less intense in LB films than in solution. The arcas per molecule in the condensed phase for the ytterbium and samarium bisphthalocyanines and rhodium phthalocyanine were 69, 60 and 75 Å2 and the collapse pressures were 52, 54 and 57 mN/m, respectively. These results show the similar characteristics of the diferente phthalocyanines. However, the surface potential was lower for RhPc, probably due to a smaller dipole component normal to the water surface. The electrochemical behavior of YbPc2 LB films depends on film thickness. In thicker films, ion diffusion is hindered, mainly in the cathodic process. LB films of YbPc2 and PdPc showed electrochromism, with changes in color upon the application of distinct potentials. In Raman spectroscopy using the 633 nm laser line, the most intense band occurs at 675 cm-1 for RhPc and YbPc2. PdPc behaves differently, with the most intense band at 1520 cm-1. Analyzing the results in the light of data in the literature, it was concluded that the dominating factor for the Raman spectra is the oxidation state of the metal. Yb and Rh metais are likely to be in the same oxidation state, differently from Pd . Comparing results from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman mapping with LB films from YbPc2 mixed with stearic acid, it was observed that LB films with a larger amount of YbPc2 are more homogeneous
30
Wright, Nicole S. "Auditors' Use of Formal Advice from Internal Firm Subject Matter Experts: The Impact of Advice Quality and Advice Awareness on Auditors' Judgments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64446.
Анотація:
During an audit, if an audit team does not have sufficient knowledge when auditing a complex issue they often call upon subject matter experts to provide advice. While these experts are the knowledge experts in their area, the quality of the advice depends upon their ability to fully understand and incorporate client specific facts. PCAOB inspection reports suggest that audit teams are neglecting to perform the required work to assess the quality of experts' recommendations. Additionally, the decision to use subject matter experts can be made during planning or when a complex issue surfaces during the audit. As such, auditors may or may not be a priori aware that an expert's use is planned before auditing a complex issue. In this dissertation, I examine how receiving advice of different levels of quality in terms of whether it incorporated all relevant client facts (lower or higher), and a priori awareness of the use of a subject matter expert (aware or unaware), can impact auditors' use of the advice and the resulting effort and judgment accuracy. I conducted a computerized experiment where professional auditors read a case study and made an initial judgment around a complex issue, received advice, and then made a final judgment. Based on advice-taking literature, I predict and find support that auditors who are a priori unaware of the use of a subject matter expert will employ lower effort in understanding the client facts and thus be less discerning and more accepting of the advice received. Being a priori unaware and receiving low quality advice can lead to lower judgment accuracy than receiving high quality advice with a priori unawareness. Auditors who are a priori aware are expected to, and found to employ greater effort, thus reducing the accuracy differences between receiving high and low quality advice. These findings can help improve the professions' understanding of auditors' advice taking behavior and the conditions under which expert advice is accepted without performing the required quality assessment.Ph. D.
31
Haas, Laura Maria Marchionatti Kliemann. "Desenvolvimento de protótipos para produção de filmes para liberação imediata de fármacos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/138210.
Анотація:
Neste trabalho, foram projetados protótipos de uma extrusora e de um equipamento para produção de filmes por laminação e posterior evaporação do solvente. Após os cálculos necessários para montagem dos equipamentos, os desenhos foram feitos em CAD (Software SolidWorks versão 2009). Definidas as combinações ideais entre polímero e plastificante, foram selecionadas as melhores condições de produção para os filmes. O tamanho básico do equipamento de extrusão foi em proporção direta à medida da lâmina e à produção total desejada. Projetou-se a matriz em razão do formato do filme, e a rosca tendo alma cônica, passo constante e diâmetro constante. Para a produção dos filmes por evaporação, após os cálculos de transferência de massa por convecção em escoamento externo, montou-se uma estrutura em acrílico como sistema de secagem e laminadores em diferentes espessuras. Os filmes por extrusão foram preparados a partir de maltodextrina, glicerina e celulose microcristalina, enquanto para a produção de filmes por evaporação de solvente, o pululano foi o polímero de escolha. Verificou-se que pelo método de extrusão, conseguiu-se uma maior produtividade, mas, em contrapartida, pelo método de evaporação de solvente, obteve-se uma qualidade muito maior, isso por ter sido possível desenvolver filmes de características organolépticas melhores, menor espessura, o que consequentemente gerou produtos com um tempo de desintegração menor. Com relação ao método de evaporação, concluiu-se ainda que tanto a técnica de secagem quanto a espessura de laminação são etapas críticas para produção dos filmes, já que, se realizadas inadequadamente, podem afetá-los tanto no aspecto visual, como nas propriedades mecânicas, peso médio, e tempo de desintegração.The aim of this work was the development of prototypes of an extruder and an equipment for production of films by lamination and solvent casting. After the calculations required for assembly the equipments, the drawings were done in CAD (SolidWorks Software version 2009). Once defined the optimal combinations of polymer and plasticizer, the best conditions for film production were done. The basic size of the extrusion equipment was in direct proportion to the extent of the blade and the desired total output of product. The result was a matrix with a definied format, and a screw with constant pitch and constant diameter. For the production of films by solvent evaporation, after the calculations of mass transfer by convection at external flow, a structure was set up in acrylic serving as a system for drying and rolling using mills with different thicknesses. The films for extrusion were prepared from maltodextrin, microcrystalline cellulose and glycerin, while for the production of films by solvent evaporation, the polymer choise was pullulan. It was found that the extrusion method allowed good productivity, but in return, by the method of solvent evaporation, we obtained a higher quality, and the possibility of making films with better organoleptic characteristics. The films were thinner, which in turn leds to shorter disintegration time. Concerning the method of solvent evaporation, it was concluded that drying and lamination are critical steps for the production, since if not properly performed, both can affect visual appearance, mechanical properties, weight and disintegration time.
32
Zorgati, Hamdi. "Modélisation de Films Minces." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008875.
Анотація:
Cette thèse est consacrée à la modélisation des films minces courbés du type martensitique, hyperélastiques et ferromagnétiques. L'épaisseur de ces films suivant la direction normale à leur surface moyenne est très petite devant les autres dimensions du film. Dans le cas des films hyperélastiques, on considère que ceux-ci sont fixés à un substrat tout en pouvant s'en décoller. La formulation du problème exclut l'interpénétration du film et du substrat. Les états d'équilibre de ces films sont dans tous les cas décrits par des problèmes de minimisation d'énergie dépendant de la déformation que subit le film ou de la magnétisation dans le cas des films ferromagnétiques. On étudie le comportement de ces énergies ainsi que celui de leurs éventuels minimiseurs, lorsque l'épaisseur du film tend vers zéro à l'aide des outils de la $\Gamma$-convergence et de développement asymptotique formel. On obtient des modèles bidimensionnels où l'énergie limite s'écrit sur une surface courbée de $\mathbb (R)^3$.
33
Pantic-Dragisic, Svjetlana. "Swift transition and knowledge cycling : A study of knowledge transfer in technical consulting." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118497.
Анотація:
The prominent shifts towards greater flexibility in work arrangements as well as in organizational forms have had profound effects on the labor market for engineers, and given rise to the technical consulting industry. The technical consulting firm is becoming increasingly important in many technology-based industries, as a growing number of technology-based firms rely on technical consulting firms to produce their outputs. In that respect, the technical consulting firm is an important actor for the organization and development of engineering knowledge, as well as for the transfer of knowledge to and among technology-based firms. However, despite its growing importance, the technical consulting firm has received scant scholarly attention. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to enhance the understanding of the roles of the technical consulting firm and the technical consultants for the transfer of knowledge among problem-solving contexts and client organizations. This thesis is comprised of a compilation of three papers and an extended summary. It draws upon a qualitative single-case study in one of Scandinavia’s leading technical consulting firms. This thesis takes a multilevel perspective, and utilizes an embedded case study design to study both the organizational and the individual level of analysis. In total, it builds on 54 interviews with managers and consultants, 14 observations of a competence development program for engineers who are in the beginning of their careers as technical consultants, and 2 workshops with managers. This thesis identifies two primary capabilities, developed through the interaction between the firm and the individual level: swift transition and knowledge cycling. The findings indicate that the link between the respective capabilities creates the foundation for the successful organization of engineering knowledge. Hence, these capabilities illustrate that the technical consulting firm has other roles to play than merely solving the problem of numerical and functional flexibility. Moreover, this thesis develops the process of knowledge cycling. The knowledge cycling process addresses the role of the individual consultant in the transfer of knowledge within and among problem-solving contexts, and consists of three distinct knowledge processes found prominent during the different phases of a consulting assignment: (1) knowledge acquisition, (2) knowledge integration, and (3) knowledge transfer. Furthermore, this thesis provides insight into how formal training affects the technical consultants’ ability to transfer knowledge. The findings suggest that this ability is developed through a three-stage process: (1) identifying the core of an assignment, (2) broadening the scope of action, and (3) becoming more self-confident in the role of consultant.
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Assandri, Sandra. ""Tenzing" : une expérience filmique au Tibet." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100082.
Анотація:
Cette thèse concerne la réalisation d'un film sur la culture tibétaine. A partir d'une préalable expérience de recherche en Inde (terrain de huit mois en 1980-81), et ayant acquis les connaissances théoriques et pratiques propres de l'Anthropologie Visuelle, (DEA en 1983), la décision est prise de vérifier les hypothèses développées à propos de l'utilisation des instruments de prise de vue pendant une recherche, par la réalisation d'un film. Le projet se développe à partir des interviews obtenues pendant le terrain précèdent et aboutit dans un film d'une heure environs tourné entre Katmandu et Lhassa. Parmi d'autres options possibles, la réalisatrice a choisi de travailler autour d'un seul personnage qui devient prétexte et fil conducteur d'une “exp1oration“ du Tibet actuel dont les aspects modernes n'arrivent pas à cacher l'attachement encore très profond aux les valeurs traditionnels. Options méthodologiques et stratégies adoptées à la prise de vue et au montage sont objet de réflexion en relation avec différents aspects de la culture étudiéeThis thesis describes the process of making a film on the Tibetan Culture. The film-maker conducted field-work in 1980-81 for a period of eight months in a Tibetan village in Northern India. The film is based on a number of long interviews with villagers and monks, concerning social life and customs (past and present) of Tibetan refugees in India. The interviews where carried on during this period of research. The thesis deals with hall the problems involved in the making of an ethnographic film taking into account of the theoretical, methodological and practical implications. The focus of the film is a single person (a young businessman going back to Tibet for the first time) whose portrait (and journey from Katmandu to Lhasa) is a pretext and an artifice to explore and bring to light some aspects of Tibetan Culture. Methods and strategies in filming and editing are discussed at different levels and in relation to certain aspects of Tibetan Culture
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Adámek, Ondřej. "Specifika vedení a řízení spolupracovníků ve stavební firmě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225986.
Анотація:
My thesis is focused on the theme "The specifics of leadership and management of associates in the construction company”. First section describes the construction, building company and its surroundings. Than it deals with theories of associates leadership and management and employee motivation theories. In the practical part it examines to what extent the specificity of construction reflects in the personal and professional relationships among colleagues.
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Pedret, Rodés Josep. "Diseño de un indicador de apoyo a la gestíón de firmes basado en el Ground Penetrating Radar: análisis de la forma del espectro de onda de GPR como indicador de estado de firmes asfálticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405731.
Анотація:
The Ground Penetrating Radar test applied to road engineering is overall used to determine the geometric characteristics of the pavement structure by analyzing the wave in the time domain. On many cases, it is often used to assess the stiffness modulus of structural layers analysis using the method known as retro-calculation, as it is indicated by the main guide mechanistic-empirical design of asphaltic pavements.However, the geophysic principles on which the GPR test is based, allows obtaining the data associated with the pavement and its structural condition. It is possible thanks to the interpretation of the response of a material against an electromagnetic wave. Physical variables associated with the wave response can be related with structural pathologies, for example, the presence of moisture or low cohesion level between the pavement layers.This thesis discusses the possibilities of the GPR test in order to allow the design of future status indicators, associated with the structural deterioration of a pavement. This can be possible by analyzing the radar wave in its time and frequency dimensions. Status indicators based on the GPR response signal allows a significantly reduction of the number of destructive tests in a pavement, such as coring, or other non-destructive but expensive and high logistical complexity tests, such as deflection tests.En términos generales, el ensayo del Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) aplicado a la ingeniería de carreteras, suele circunscribirse a la determinación geométrica de la estructura del firme mediante el análisis de la onda en el dominio del tiempo.En muchas ocasiones, suele utilizarse para apoyar el cálculo del módulo de rigidez de las capas de la estructura mediante el método conocido como retro-cálculo, según indican las principales guías de diseño empírico-mecanicistas de firmes asfálticos. Sin embargo, los principios geofísicos que sustentan el ensayo permiten, de forma indirecta y mediante la interpretación de variables asociadas a la respuesta física de los materiales frente a una onda electromagnética, obtener datos relacionados con el estado estructural de un firme. Dichas variables pueden asociarse a patologías estructurales relacionadas, por ejemplo, con la presencia de humedad o la falta de adherencia entre las capas del firme.En este trabajo se aborda las posibilidades que tiene el ensayo de GPR mediante el análisis de la onda en sus dimensiones temporal y frecuencial, con el propósito de permitir el diseño de futuros indicadores de estado, asociados al deterioro estructural de un firme. Los indicadores de estado basados en la respuesta de la señal de GPR permitirán reducir considerablemente el número de ensayos destructivos practicados hoy día en los firmes tales como la extracción de testigos, u otros ensayos no destructivos pero igualmente caros y de elevada complejidad logística, como son los ensayos de deflexión.
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Bilican, Doğa. "Sustainable materials by electrodeposition and sputter deposition methods." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663820.
Анотація:
Aquesta Tesi engloba la fabricació i caracterització de materials sostenibles com poden ser partícules de bismut (Bi), capes de ferrita de bismut (BiFeO3) i aliatges de base Cu amb memòria de forma. S’ha emprat l’electrodeposició per obtenir partícules de Bi micromètriques i submicromètriques a partir d’un electròlit aquós així com també per sintetitzar capes de BiFeO3 a partir d’un bany de dimetilformamida seguit d’un tractament tèrmic en aire. Els aliatges amb memòria de forma de coure-alumini-níquel (Cu–Al–Ni) s’han fabricat mitjançant polvorització catòdica. Per obtenir les capes primes de Cu–Al–Ni s’han utilitzat dues metodologies diferents: d’una banda, s’han dipositat capes de Cu-Ni i Al alternativament per tal d’obtenir una estructura tipus sandvitx; seguidament les capes s’han tractat tèrmicament i s’han trempat en aigua gelada. D’altra banda, s’han crescut capes de Cu–Al–Ni en substrats de MgO aplicant temperatura. Les capes s’han caracteritzat morfològicament mitjançant microscòpia electrònica de rastreig (SEM). Per a la caracterització estructural s’ha utilitzat difracció de raigs X (XRD) i microscòpia electrònica de transmissió (TEM). Les capes de ferrita de bismut s’han mesurat per magnetometria de mostra vibrant (VSM). Per tal de conèixer les temperatures de transició de fase de les capes de Cu–Al–Ni s’han dut a terme mesures de resistivitat en funció de la temperatura. S’ha estudiat la morfologia de les partícules de bismut en funció de la composició del bany, de l’activitat del substrat i del potencial aplicat. A mesura que s’augmenta el valor absolut del potencial aplicat es va observar un canvi en la morfologia de les partícules (d’hexàgons a dendrites) independentment del substrat utilitzat. Cal remarcar que les partícules de bismut recobreixen el substrat de forma més homogènia (sense aglomeracions) quan s’afegeix gluconat de sodi al bany. La caracterització estructural de les capes de BiFeO3 preparades per electrodeposició i posterior tractament tèrmic revelà que l’estructura romboèdrica de BiFeO3 (interessant pel seu caràcter multiferroic) es forma al voltant dels 600 °C. El lleuger senyal ferromagnètic observat a la capa tractada tèrmicament a 600 °C s'atribueix principalment al seu caràcter nanostructurat, la qual cosa afavoreix l'aparició de fenòmens d’inclinació aleatòria dels espins a la superfície (efecte conegut com a spin canting) en la fase BiFeO3. En les capes de Cu–Al–Ni preparades per polvorització catòdica i posterior tractament tèrmic, s’observà que un canvi gradual en la seva composició (és a dir, disminució del contingut d'Al i un augment del contingut de Ni) comporta un canvi en la fase formada a temperatura ambient (de martensita a austenita). Les capes obtingudes presenten una estructura policristal·lina orientada aleatòriament. D'altra banda, en les capes de Cu–Al–Ni fabricades a alta temperatura en substrats de MgO, es va detectar un creixement texturat en (200) a causa de la relació epitaxial entre la capa i el substrat. Les mesures de resistivitat versus temperatura van posar de manifest l’existència de transformació martensítica en la capa austenítica texturada mentre que no es va observar transformació en la capa austenítica orientada aleatòriament. Finalment, s'ha fet una contextualització general del potencial que presenten els materials desenvolupats en aquesta Tesi com a candidats sostenibles en sistemes micro i nano.This thesis dissertation includes the synthesis and characterization of sustainable materials including bismuth (Bi), bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) and copper-based shape memory alloys. Electrodeposition and sputter deposition were employed as the synthesis techniques. Electrodeposition was used in order to obtain micron and submicron sized Bi particles from an aqueous electrolyte and BiFeO3 films when electrodeposition from dimethylformamide bath was followed by heat treatment of the resulting coatings in open air. Sputter deposition was applied to produce copper-aluminium-nickel (Cu–Al–Ni) shape memory alloys. Two approaches were followed to obtain the Cu–Al–Ni thin films. In one of the methods applied, multilayers of Cu-Ni and Al were first sputtered, followed by heat treatment and quenching in iced water while, in the other method, epitaxial growth of austenitic Cu–Al–Ni on MgO substrate was obtained by sputter deposition along with in-situ heat treatment. Morphological characterization of the samples was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for structural characterization. For the investigation of magnetic properties of the bismuth ferrite films, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) was implemented. In order to observe the martensitic transformation behaviour in the sputter deposited Cu–Al–Ni films, electrical resistivity measurements with respect to temperature were carried out. The morphology of the Bi particles was investigated as a function of the bath composition, substrate activity and the applied potential. In all cases, it was seen that as the absolute value of the applied potential increased, an evolution in the particle morphology from hexagons to dendrites was observed. Moreover, Bi particles were more uniformly distributed over the substrate when sodium gluconate was added to the electrolyte. The characterization studies for the BiFeO3 films prepared by electrodeposition and subsequent heat treatment revealed that rhombohedral BiFeO3 (interesting for its multiferroic character) formed around 600 °C. At lower and higher temperatures, secondary binary and ternary oxide phases were encountered. The observed weak ferromagnetic-like behaviour in the film annealed at 600 °C is mainly ascribed to nanostructuration which, in turn, favours the occurrence of spin canting in the BiFeO3 phase. In the free-standing Cu–Al–Ni films prepared by sputter deposition and subsequent heat treatment, it was observed that a gradual change in the film composition (i.e. decrease in the Al content and an increase in the Ni content) resulted in a shift in the room temperature phase formation from martensite to austenite. The obtained films exhibited a randomly oriented polycrystalline structure. On the other hand, for the austenitic Cu–Al–Ni film grown at high temperature on MgO substrates, a (200) textured growth of the film was observed due to the epitaxial relationship between the film and the substrate. The electrical resistance change vs. temperature measurements revealed that martensitic transformation was observed in the textured austenite film whereas it was not observed in the randomly oriented austenite film. The potential of the materials investigated throughout this Thesis as sustainable candidates in micro- and nanosystems is outlined.
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Lima, Larissa Lavorato. "Análise estrutural e termodinâmica do composto {[Zn(2,5-pdc)(H2O)2].H2O}n nas formas desidratada e delaminada." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4681.
Анотація:
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As redes metalorgânicas (ou MOF, do inglês Metal-Organic Frameworks) pertencem à classe dos polímeros de coordenação (ou CP, do inglês coordination polymers) e exibem características como porosidade e cristalinidade. Em particular, as MOF bidimensionais têm despertado o interesse no desenvolvimento de uma nova geração de dispositivos ópticos e eletrônicos. A capacidade de formação de filmes finos de algumas dessas MOF as tornam materiais mais atraentes. A MOF bidimensional estudada neste trabalho foi a rede {[Zn(2,5-pdc)(H2O)2].H2O}n (2,5-pdc = 2,5-piridinodicarboxilato), ZnPDC2D. A MOF 2D foi sintetizada e caracterizada por diferentes técnicas experimentais e também foi estudada por simulação computacional. O modelo do ZnPDC2D foi otimizado por dois métodos (PBE e PBE-D2), os quais descreveram bem os parâmetros estruturais. A partir do modelo do ZnPDC2D, foi elaborada uma proposta para o processo de desidratação e assim, sugerindo a formação de três novas fases (d1-ZnPDC2D, d2-ZnPDC2D e d3-ZnPDC2D). A temperatura em que o ZnPDC2D sofre amorfização foi determinada através da medida de difração de raios X com aumento de temperatura in situ e pôdese inferir que a fase amorfa sofre uma transformação reversível após ser exposta ao ambiente. A termodinâmica da primeira etapa da desidratação mostra que o funcional PBE é mais adequado para descrever a espontaneidade da reação. Esperase obter as estruturas por meio de análises de difração de raios X por policritais e refinamento pelo método de Rietveld. O trabalho também reporta a simulação da energia de formação do monofilme pelos métodos PBE e PBE-D2. As análises de propriedades eletrônicas para todas as estruturas citadas foram executadas e discutidas conforme os processos e mudanças envolvidas.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) belong to the class of coordination polymers (CPs) and exhibit properties such as porosity and crystallinity. In particular, twodimensional MOFs have attracted interest in the development of a new generation of optical and electronic devices. The possibility of thin film formation of some of these MOFs makes them more attractive materials. The twodimensional MOF studied in this work was the network {[Zn(2,5-pdc)(H2O)2].H2O}n (2,5-pdc = 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylate), ZnPDC2D. The MOF 2D was synthesized and characterized by different experimental techniques and was also studied by computer simulation. Two optimized ZnPDC2D structures were obtained by distinct methods (PBE and PBE-D2) with a good description of their parameters. The structure obtained from the simulation of the dehydration process suggest the formation of three new phases (d1-ZnPDC2D, d2-ZnPDC2D and d3-ZnPDC2D). The temperature at which ZnPDC2D undergoes amorphization was determined by Xray podwer diffraction measurement with in situ temperature rise and it could be inferred that the amorphous phase undergoes a reversible transformation after being exposed to the environment. The thermodynamics of the first stage of dehydration shows that the PBE functional is adequate to describe the spontaneity of the reaction. The structures are expected to be obtained by Xray podwer diffraction analysis and refinement by the Rietveld method. Thise work also reports the simulation of the monofilm by the PBE and PBE-D2 methods. The analyses of electronic properties for all th cited structures were performed and discussed according to the processes and changes involved.
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Mohamed, Ali Keith. "Growth mechanism of porous anodic films formed on aluminium in sulphuric acid." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/growth-mechanism-of-porous-anodic-films-formed-on-aluminium-in-sulphuric-acid(6b8fd94a-2fba-44ab-81ca-f15fc8af5bb0).html.
Анотація:
The present study is concerned with the mechanism of growth of porous anodic films formed on high purity aluminium and sputtering deposited aluminium over a wide range of current density between 5 to 50 mA/cm2 for times up to 5400 s in 24.5 wt % sulphuric acid and at temperatures of either 0 or 20 0C. The resultant films were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), optical interferometery, microhardness and nanoindentation.The RBS analysis enabled determination of the composition of the porous films, which was expressed as Al2O3.xAl2(SO4)3, with the sulphur species content increasing with increase in current density and decrease in temperature. The average expansion factor (expressing, the ratio of the film thickness to the oxidized aluminium thickness) increased between 5 mA/cm2 and 50 mA/cm2 for films formed at 0 0C, extending from 1.58 to 1.88 and from 1.57 to 1.78 according to SEM and TEM respectively. For films fabricated at 20 0C, the average expansion factor increased from 1.45 to 1.66 and from 1.42 to 1.67 derived from SEM and TEM respectively. The expansion factor increases as the current density increases for both temperatures, and decreases as electrolyte temperature for a given current density increases. The increase of expansion factor is also associated with a rise in the steady voltage during film growth. However, the film expansion does not depend on the anodizing time. The increase in expansion factor correlates with a small increase in the amount of sulphur in the film, which increases with rise of current density. The surface of the porous alumina revealed a network of furrows and ridges, reflecting the pattern of the cellular textures on the topography of the elecropolished aluminium. The retention of topography indicates that the thinning of the film due to chemical dissolution by the electrolyte is negligible, although softening of the film toward the film surface increases with rise of electrolyte temperature and anodizing time as determined by microhardness measurements on film cross-sections. For films fabricated at 0 0C, nodules appeared with a low population density on the film surfaces formed at 20 mA/cm2 for 5400 s, and a locally high population density, but non-uniform distribution, for films formed at 30 to 50 mA/cm2 for a wide range of anodizing times. NRA determined the oxygen concentrations in the films, from which the efficiency of the film grown was derived. The efficiency showed a correlation with the expansion factor, with values increasing with rise of current density and with decrease in the anodizing temperature, ranging from 72 % to 87 % between 5 mA/cm2 and 50 mA/cm2, for an electrolyte temperature of 0 0C, and between 66 % to 75 %, for the same range of current density, for an electrolyte temperature of 20 0C. The change in the relative film thickness with a change of the anodizing conditions might due to either a rise in the film porosity under a constant efficiency of film growth (assuming a flow model) or an increase in the efficiency of film growth for a constant film porosity (for either a flow or dissolution model), or a combination of the two factors. However, the film expansion appeared to be relatively little dependent on the change of the porosity over selected anodizing conditions. The dependence of the efficiency on the anodizing conditions is possibly associated with a change in the transport number of ion species in the film with a reducing contribution of cation migration to the total ionic current with an increase in the current density and in decrease of the anodizing temperature, which correspond to conditions of increasing electric field. The film porosity probably develops by flow of film material underneath the pore base toward the cell wall, as indicated by distribution of tungsten band through the film and distribution of electrolyte species from previous work, with the displaced material enhancing the thickness of the film.
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Forell, Burkhard [Verfasser]. "A methodology to assess species yields of compartment fires by means of an extended global equivalence ratio concept / von Burkhard Forell." Braunschweig : IBMB, 2007. http://d-nb.info/994493983/34.
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Motta, Flávia Gutierrez. "Sistemas locais de produção e cadeias produtivas globais: estudo das diversas formas de inserção da indústria de móveis nos mercados e os impactos nas estruturas produtivas locais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-19042007-152159/.
Анотація:
Este trabalho analisa como ocorre a interação entre Sistemas Locais de Produção (SLPs) e as cadeias produtivas globais, com vistas a identificar quais os impactos para a estrutura produtiva local das diversas formas de inserção das empresas nos mercados. Assim, tanto elementos endógenos aos SLPs, quando elementos exógenos foram analisados. Para se compreender este fenômeno foram identificadas as trajetórias de desenvolvimento (escolhas tecnológicas, de produtos, estratégias de negócio e as estruturas organizacionais) e as capacitações (conhecimentos, habilidades, práticas e rotinas) adquiridas pelas empresas ao longo do tempo, as formas de organização e atuação dos agentes locais e dos agentes não-locais. O levantamento de campo foi realizado com empresas da indústria de móveis de dois SLPs: Bento Gonçalves (RS) e São Bento do Sul (SC). Estas duas localidades foram escolhidas pois além de terem importante participação na produção e exportação de móveis do país, apresentam trajetórias de desenvolvimento diferentes. As empresas localizadas em SLPs que comercializam os produtos a partir de diversos canais de comercialização, apresentam estrutura produtiva bastante heterogênea e as capacitações internas desenvolvidas são diversas. Devido a tal configuração há abertura para atuação dos organismos de apoio que desenvolvem diversos projetos para apoiar o desenvolvimento das capacitações das empresas. Já as empresas localizadas em SLPs cujo canal de colocação dos produtos no mercado é a partir de agentes de exportação, têm estrutura produtiva mais homogênea e as capacitações desenvolvidas são centradas em áreas produtivas. Assim, a abertura para atuação dos organismos locais não existe e as ações que são implementadas são inócuas. Portanto, os agentes não locais influenciam diretamente na competitividade das empresas e nos limites ao desenvolvimento local.This work focus the interection of Local Productive Systems (LPSs) and global productive chains, in order to identify the impacts to local productive struture from the differents forms of firms market access. Thus, endogenous and exogenous elements from LPSs were analyzed. To understand this phenomenom were analyzed the development path (strategic, products, technologies choices and organization structure) and the capacity (knowledge, abilities, practices and routines) acquired by firms with the time by, and were considerated the organization and action of local and non-local agents. The survey had been done with firms and organisms from furniture industry in two brasilian LPSs: Bento Gonçalves (RS) and São Bento do Sul (SC). Both locations were choseen because they are important to the furniture production and exportation, and they had differents development paths. Firms from LPS that commercialize their products with differents forms, present heterogeneous prodctive struture, and develop a large range of capacities. The supportive organisms develop differents projects to support the firms. Firms form LPS that mainly exports their products through export agents, have homogeneous productive struture and the development of capacities are centered in productive areas. Thus, the organisms do not act with deliberate joint action.Therefore, non local agents influence directaly the competitiveness of firms and limitate local development
42
Carrasco, Hernández Antonio José. "Efectividad de las prácticas de recursos humanos en la empresa familiar: evidencias empíricas en España= Effectiveness of human resource practices in family firms : empirical evidences from Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/146180.
Анотація:
Con esta tesis doctoral se pretende analizar la efectividad de la gestión del capital humano en la empresa familiar, examinando los efectos en términos de resultados del diseño –más o menos formalizado- y orientación –más o menos económica- de las principales prácticas de recursos humanos (selección, formación y retribución, consideradas tanto de forma individual como conjunta) en el contexto de la mayor o menor coincidencia de intereses de propiedad y dirección y los potenciales problemas asociados al predominio de la dimensión familiar y/o empresarial. Las perspectivas teóricas de la agencia y de la preservación de la riqueza socioemocional constituyen el marco en el que se fundamentan las relaciones entre prácticas de recursos humanos y resultados. Para analizar el efecto del diseño y orientación de las prácticas de recursos humanos en la empresa familiar desde estas perspectivas teóricas se han llevado a cabo tres ensayos empíricos utilizando distintas muestras de empresas españolas. Las evidencias empíricas puestas de manifiesto en esta tesis doctoral permiten afirmar que la implantación de mecanismos de gestión formal del capital humano puede contribuir a limitar los problemas de agencia de la empresa familiar, favoreciendo la consecución de objetivos económicos y, con ello, la mejora de los resultados de la empresa. La puesta en valor de las prácticas de gestión de recursos humanos formales y rigurosas exige de una actitud profesional por parte de los órganos de gestión (equipo de dirección) y de gobierno (propietarios y consejo de administración) de la empresa familiar. La implantación de sistemas de selección rigurosos y objetivos, de políticas de formación orientadas al desarrollo de capacidades y de estructuras retributivas vinculadas al rendimiento individual y colectivo crean efectos sinérgicos positivos en el conjunto de empleados de la empresa familiar que tienen como consecuencia la mejora de los resultados organizativos. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el diseño e implantación de prácticas de recursos humanos formales y rigurosas es una alternativa deseable y necesaria para la supervivencia y competitividad de la empresa familiar; para ello se requiere de gestores –familiares o no familiares- debidamente capacitados. Dichas prácticas pueden contribuir a paliar y limitar los problemas específicos de altruismo asimétrico que surgen en las empresas familiares (nepotismo, inequidad, etc.), pero sin contrarrestar las ventajas derivadas de la implicación de los miembros de la familia que caracteriza a este tipo de empresas. Finalmente, esta tesis doctoral también ha contribuido a la literatura de empresa familiar con ciertas contribuciones relacionadas con las perspectivas teóricas utilizadas y con el ámbito de análisis aplicado. En este sentido, hay que destacar que a través de la combinación de los marcos teóricos de la agencia y de la preservación de la riqueza socioemocional se han conseguido caracterizar y explicar mejor las relaciones entre efectividad de las prácticas de recursos humanos, implicación familiar en el negocio y resultados de la empresa familiar. Adicionalmente, no sólo se ha considerado el análisis de estas cuestiones a nivel del equipo directivo de la empresa familiar –ámbito mayoritario de desarrollo de estudios hasta la fecha- sino que también se ha tenido en cuenta el efecto de las prácticas de recursos humanos en el conjunto de empleados no directivos de la empresa familiar.This Doctoral Thesis aims to analyze the effectiveness of the management of the human capital in family firm. It is tested the effects in terms of results of the design (more or less formalized) and orientation (more or less economic) of the main practices of human resources (selection, training and compensation will be considered jointly and individually) in the context of a higher or lower coincidence of interests of ownership and management and the possible problems related to the predominance of the family and/or firm dimension. About the theoretical perspectives of the agency and preservation of the socioemotional wealth, they both constitute the framework in which the relations between the practices of human resources and results are based. In order to analyze the effect of the design and orientation of the practices of human resources in the family firm, from these theoretical perspectives, three empirical-research manuscripts were developed using different samples of Spanish firms. The empirical evidences posed in this Doctoral Thesis allow us to conclude that the implementation of mechanisms of formal management of human capital may contribute to restrict the agency problems of the family firm, favoring the obtaining of economic objectives and, therefore, the improvement of the results of the firm. A formal and rigorous applying of the human resources practices requires of a professional attitude from the management bodies (top management team) and government bodies (owners and administration council) of the family firm. The implementation of rigorous and objective selection systems; training politics focused to the development of capabilities and also compensation structures related to the individual and collective efficiency, create positive synergic effects in the global of the employees of the family firm and have also as a consequence the improvement of the firm performance. These findings suggest that both the design and implementation of the formal and rigorous practices of human resources are an alternative desirable and needed for the survival and competitiveness of the family firm. In order to implement these practices, duly prepared managers (who belong, or not, to the family) are needed. These practices may contribute to avoid and limit those specific problems of asymmetric altruism which arise in family firms (nepotism, inequity, etc), without counteract the advantages aroused from the implementation of the members of the family who characterized these type of firms. Finally, this Doctoral Thesis also contributes, from a theoretical point of view, to the literature of family firms with certain contributions related with the theoretical perspectives used and also with the field of analysis applied. In this sense, we must point out that it is through the combination of the theoretical fields of agency and of preservation of socioemotional wealth that it was easier to explain and characterize better the relations between the effectiveness of the human resources practices, family involvement in the business and also the firm performance. In addition, it was taken into consideration the analysis of these questions through the top management team level of the family firm (up to date, mainly used in previous studies). It was also taken into account the effect of the practices of the human resources in the global of the employees (not senior managers) of the family firm.
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Teichner, Noah. "Le “canned” vaudeville et la mise en conserve médiatique aux États-Unis, du phonographe au film sonore : étude média-archéologique des courts métrages Vitaphone au format son-sur-disque (1926-1930)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080071.
Анотація:
L’expression historique “canned” vaudeville désigne la « mise en conserve » du vaudeville américain (un spectacle de variétés dépendant de numéros diversifiés) par des moyens filmiques ou phonographiques. En croisant l’analyse des discours et l’analyse technique et formelle, cette thèse propose une archéologie de la mise en conserve médiatique à partir du vaudeville filmique et du vaudeville phonographique. Les courts métrages Vitaphone de la Warner Bros. au format son-sur-disque occupent une place centrale dans l’articulation de cette problématique sur une période allant des débuts de la phonographie et de l’institutionnalisation du vaudeville à la fin du 19ème siècle jusqu’à la généralisation de la technologie électro-acoustique dans le cinéma et les médias sonores dans la seconde moitié des années 1920. Suite à l’investigation du vaudeville sous le double angle de média de masse et de médium sensible, la place négligée du terme “canned” dans l’histoire des médias est revisitée à partir du cas de la phonographie acoustique et des discours corporatifs sur la “canned” music et le “canned” vaudeville. Il est ensuite question du contexte intermédiatique du vaudeville filmique à la généralisation du parlant et de la production, distribution et réception des courts métrages Vitaphone. Une analyse des possibilités matérielles du procédé son-sur-disque et de la mise en œuvre de son dispositif multi-caméra permet de mener une étude approfondie des stratégies d’adresse et de diégétisation dans les courts métrages restaurés de 1926-1930 et de les mettre en perspective pour la première fois avec des pratiques du vaudeville phonographique remontant au tournant du 20ème siècleThis dissertation reads the discourses, practices, and materialities of filmic and phonographic vaudeville through the broader history of “canned” media. Warner Bros.’ short films produced with the sound-on-disc Vitaphone process play a central role in this study which covers a period ranging from the beginnings of the phonograph industry and the institutionalization of vaudeville in the late 19th century to the introduction of electroacoustic technology in film and sound media during the second half of the 1920s. After studying vaudeville’s infrastructure as a mass media institution and its aesthetic capacities as a medium, the neglected role of the term “canned” in media history is reconsidered through practices of early phonography and trade press discourses on “canned” music and “canned” vaudeville. This leads to a contextualization of filmic vaudeville within the media landscape of the 1920s—the decline of big-time vaudeville and the rise of stage presentations in movie theatres—and an analysis of Vitaphone shorts’ production, distribution, and reception. The material possibilities afforded by the Vitaphone sound-on-disc technology and multi-camera set-up are then outlined and examined in relation to debates regarding sound and image scale. These technical considerations lay the groundwork for an in-depth investigation of approaches to address and diegetisation in the restored Vitaphone shorts from 1926-1930. The films’ means of addressing the spectator and of representing both the audience and the space of performance are put in perspective through examples of phonographic vaudeville dating back to the turn of the 20th century
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Silva, Valfredo Lima da. "Uso das redes sociais como forma de disseminação da informação: um estudo de caso nas bibliotecas do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia (IFBA)." Escola de Administração, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/23909.
Анотація:
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Esta pesquisa tem como tema as redes sociais e nela buscou-se compreender a importância do fenômeno das ferramentas de redes sociais virtuais (FRSVs) no processo de disseminação da informação em bibliotecas, por intermédio dos profissionais da informação, dos campi do Instituto Federal da Bahia (IFBA). O presente trabalho procurou responder ao seguinte problema: de que forma as redes sociais são utilizadas como instrumento de disseminação da informação pelos bibliotecários do Instituto Federal da Bahia? Foi levantado o pressuposto de que o uso das ferramentas tecnológicas, por parte dos bibliotecários, não atende ao processo de disseminação da informação, em função da ausência de estratégias adequadas e do pouco incentivo ao uso das redes sociais virtuais. Na metodologia utilizou-se como abordagem o estudo de caso de investigação exploratória, e de procedimento metodológico do tipo qualitativo, com análise do conteúdo de questionários. O sujeito da pesquisa é constituído por bibliotecários (as) dos oito campi do IFBA que utilizam ferramentas de redes sociais: Porto Seguro, Eunapólis, Camaçari, Paulo Afonso, Vitória da Conquista, Santo Amaro, Valença e Salvador. A intenção final é trazer novas contribuições nos serviços em redes na seara da biblioteconomia, bem como ajudar os servidores federais a disseminarem o uso das ferramentas sociais no ambiente institucional de forma mais adequada. Os principais resultados apontam para o uso do Facebook é divulgar informações e conteúdos e em seguida as interações profissional e que as principais barreiras e obstáculos enfrentados na implementação das redes sociais foram de ordem política, estrutural e de lógica de redes.
This research has as its theme the social networks and it is aimed to understand the importance of the phenomenon of virtual social networking tools in the process of dissemination of information in libraries, through information professionals, the campuses of the Federal Institute of Bahia (IFBA). This study sought to answer the following problem: how social networks are used as a tool for dissemination of information by the librarians of the Federal Institute of Bahia? The assumption that the use of technological tools on the part of librarians, disregarded the process of dissemination of information, the lack of an adequate policy to encourage the use of social networks was raised. Methodology was used as the case study approach to exploratory research and qualitative methodological procedure with content analysis of questionnaires. The research subject is composed of librarians (as) IFBA using social networking tools: Porto Seguro, Eunapólis, Paulo Afonso, Vitória da Conquista, Santo Amaro, Valença and Salvador. The ultimate intention is to contribute to provide new contribution in the network, to helping federal employees to disseminate the use of social tool in the institutional environment more appropriately. The main results point to the use of Facebook is to disseminate information and content and then the professional interactions. The main barriers faced and obstacles in the implementation of social networks were political, structural and logical networks.
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Janickova, Marketa. "Culture de risque dans des compagnies multinationales : Cas d’étude d’une Multinationale dans le secteur de l’ingénierie et de la construction." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2018PSLED082.
Анотація:
Cette thèse étudie la culture du risque dans le contexte des compagnies multinationales. Une explication des concepts majeurs de la culture organisationnelle et du risque nous aide à définir notre sujet de recherche qui est encore peu connue dans la monde de recherche et qui a des difficultés de trouver sa place à cause de multiples ambiguïtés. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous nous appuyions sur les théories de organisations qui divisent deux aspects organisationnels : les aspect formels et informels. Nous approchons donc la culture du risque en étudiant ses aspects formels et informels de même que sa gestion. Nous adoptons une méthodologie basée sur une étude de cas unique afin de pouvoir répondre de manière détaillée à nos questions de recherche. La thèse est donc basée sur une étude de cas dans une multinationale de secteur de la construction au Canada. Nous avons passé 18 mois sur le terrain au siège sociale de l’entreprise et nous avons effectué 45 entretiens auprès de Présidents, de Vice-Présidents et de Directeurs. Nous avons aussi conduit des observations directes et nous avons collaboré avec quelques directeurs de fonctions liées à la gestion des risques. Nos résultats démontrent que la culture du risque nécessite un équilibre entre les aspects formels et informels. Nous démontrons notamment deux façons par lesquelles des gestionnaires du risque influencent la création de culture de risque. Afin, nous incitions à davantage s’intéresser à ce sujetThis thesis studies risk culture in the context of a multinational company. The explanation of the key concepts of risk culture is what helped us to define our research subject, which is still in its infancy. The concept is also difficult to research because it represents multiple ambiguities, we were however able to find a solution to that problem. To reduce the impact of the ambiguousness of the subject, we based our research on organizational theories, and we defined two organizational aspects: formal and informal. Therefore, we approach risk culture by formal and informal aspects and by its manageability. In order to answer to our research question, we adopt the methodology based on one case study. Indeed, our thesis studies one multinational Canadian company where we spent 18 months in the field at its headquarters. We performed 45 interviews with presidents, vice presidents and directors, additionally we participated in risk assessment workshops and we worked with multiple functions related to risk management activities. Our results emphasize that risk culture needs an equilibrium between formal and informal aspects. We also show two different ways how risk mangers influence risk culture creation inside the company. Our thesis encourages future research on risk culture and on the development of that research subject
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Guimarães, Filho Samuel. "Google Trends para previsão de variáveis macro: uso no Brasil através do algoritmo autometrics." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18025.
Анотація:
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This work aims to test if the use of Google Trends as an exogenous variable improves the prediction of the monthly data for Brazilian Formal Job Creation (CAGED) compared to a model that uses only the lags themselves. For the selection of the model was used the algorithm Autometrics and for model comparison the Model Confidence Set. In addition, the model that uses Google Trends data will be compared with some market analyst’s forecasts. The results show that the model the uses the Google data as an exogenous variable is superior to the model that only uses the lag itself. However, this model was not able to overcome the market analysts.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo testar se o uso do Google Trends como variável exógena melhora a previsão do dado mensal do CAGED em relação a modelos que usam apenas as próprias defasagens. Para a seleção do modelo foi utilizado o algoritmo Autometrics e para comparação de modelos o utilzado o Model Confidence Set. Além disto, o modelo que utiliza o Google Trends foi comparado com previsões dos analistas de Mercado. Os resultados encontrados apontam que o modelo que utliza o Google Trends como variável exógena é superior ao modelo que utiliza apenas a própria defasagem. No entanto, este modelo, não foi capaz de superar os analistas de mercado.
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Pereira, Vinícius Silva. "Ensaios sobre os efeitos da internacionalização na estrutura de capital e estrutura de propriedade de multinacionais latino-americanas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11117.
Анотація:
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This thesis examines three gaps that have not been discussed in the literature. The gaps relate to the effects of internationalization on capital structure and ownership structure of multinational companies. Therefore, three essays about the effects of internationalization were prepared. The first essay examined the effects of entry modes on debt, the second the effects of internationalization in the forms of indebtedness and the third the effects of internationalization on the ownership structure. Data form domestic and multinational publicly traded companies in Latin America from 2007 to 2011 were assembled into panel data with test and control variables for each essay. The results of the first essay indicate that the entry modes are relevant to determine the debt level of multinational and complement the studies based on upstream-downstream hypothesis. It also showed that companies with equity entry modes tend to be more indebted in the total and long term than companies with non-equity entry modes, reinforcing explanations given by the static trade-off theory, and less indebted in the short term, urging agency and pecking order theories. The results of the second essay show that the degree of internationalization: (i) increases the debt level of almost all debts provided by financial agents (banks), as hypothesized upstream-downstream and reduce the debt provided by non-financial (trade-credit), as suggested by the theory of financial constraint, (ii) has no effect on debt maturity (iii) different than expected, does not increase debt via national development bank (encouraged loans), (iv) was relevant to change the composition of indebtedness of multinationals compared to domestic firms and (v) the entry modes on internationalization does not affect the composition of debt. In the third essay, the main finding result was that the most internationalized companies and equity entry mode have lower levels of ownership concentration. Another important result of the third essay was that there is an unexplored simultaneity in determining the level of internationalization and concentration of ownership. Both the results of the third essay are supported by the Resource Based View countering the traditional view of agency theory.
Esta tese analisa três lacunas que ainda não foram discutidas na literatura. As lacunas dizem respeito aos efeitos da internacionalização na estrutura de capital e de propriedade de empresas multinacionais. Para tanto, três ensaios sobre os efeitos da internacionalização foram elaborados. O primeiro analisou os efeitos dos modos de entrada sobre o endividamento; o segundo os efeitos da internacionalização nas formas de endividamento e o terceiro os efeitos da internacionalização na estrutura de propriedade. A partir de dados de empresas multinacionais e domésticas de capital aberto latino-americanas de 2007 a 2011, foram montados painéis de dados com variáveis de teste e controle para cada ensaio. Os resultados do primeiro ensaio apontam que os modos de entrada são relevantes para determinar o nível de endividamento das multinacionais e complementam os resultados de trabalhos baseados na hipótese upstream-downstream. Evidenciou-se também que empresas com modos de entrada patrimoniais tendem a ser mais endividadas no longo prazo e total que empresas com modos de entrada não-patrimoniais, reforçando explicações dadas pela teoria do static trade-off; e menos endividadas no curto prazo, reforçando as explicações das teorias da agência e pecking order. Os resultados do segundo ensaio apontam que o grau de internacionalização: (i) aumenta o nível de endividamento da quase totalidade das dívidas providas por agentes financeiros (bancos), conforme a hipótese upstream-downstream e diminuem as dívidas providas por agentes não-financeiros (trade-credit), conforme teoria da restrição financeira; (ii) não produz efeitos sobre a maturidade das dívidas (iii) diferente do que esperava, não aumenta endividamento via banco nacional de desenvolvimento (empréstimos incentivados), (iv) foi relevante para alterar a composição do endividamento das multinacionais se comparada às empresas domésticas e (v) a forma de entrada na internacionalização não afeta a composição de endividamento. No terceiro ensaio o principal resultado encontrado foi que as empresas mais internacionalizadas e com modo de entrada patrimonial têm menores níveis de concentração de propriedade. Outro importante resultado do terceiro ensaio foi de que há uma simultaneidade ainda não explorada em estudos anteriores na determinação do nível de internacionalização e da concentração de propriedade. Ambos os resultados do terceiro ensaio estão amparados pela Visão Baseada em Recursos contrapondo a visão tradicional da teoria da agência.
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Sánchez, Diana Lizeth Torres. "Magnetic properties of NiTi/(Ni, Co) heterostructures." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-28082018-230553/.
Анотація:
This thesis focuses on the role of interfacial strain in heterostructures to modify the magnetism of thin ferromagnetic films due to the inverse magnetostrictive effect, defined as the change of magnetization produced in ferromagnetic materials by an external stress. Thus, the magnetic control can be obtained without applying an external field by using heterostructures composed of a non-magnetic layer characterized by a temperature-driven structural phase transition coupled to a ferromagnetic layer. In such heterostructures, the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer is modified through changes in the stress field at the interface when the structural phase transition in the non-magnetic layer (actuator) is carried out. In this work, we used NiTi shape memory alloy as the actuator to modify the magnetic behavior of ferromagnetic films through the magneto-elastic coupling in novel NiTi/Ni and NiTi/Co heterostructures. NiTi, when near its equiatomic composition, is a shape memory alloy that undergoes a reversible structural phase transition with temperature, providing stress on the ferromagnetic film. We chose this alloy because NiTi exhibits a large recovery stress with transition temperatures above room temperature for Ti-rich NiTi films, which is of interest for technological applications of the heterostructures. Since the right microstructure of NiTi is important to observe structural phase transition and it defines the characteristic of the transition, an extensive review on previous research on NiTi is detailed in this thesis. Thus, to ensure large stress during the NiTi structural transition with temperature, the NiTi alloy must be near its equiatomic composition with a thickness above 800 nm. Both characteristics were confirmed by Rutherford Backscattering analyses. The crystal structure and its transition with temperature were studied by X-ray diffraction measurements. In-plane magnetization and hysteresis measurements with temperature, performed on a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer, prove the magneto-elastic coupling that was observed as an enhancement in the magnetic moment of the ferromagnetic layer. Such enhancement becomes the feature of magneto-elastic coupling in these novel NiTi/ferromagnetic heterostructures.Esta tese estuda o papel da tensão interfacial em filmes heterogêneos na modificação do magnetismo de camadas ferromagnéticas finas por meio do efeito magnetoestritivo inverso, definido como a mudança de magnetização produzida em materiais ferromagnéticos por um estresse externo. Tecnologicamente, isto visa ter um grau de controle magnético do material sem a aplicação de um campo externo, usando heteroestruturas compostas por uma camada não magnética caracterizada por uma transição de fase estrutural acionada pela temperatura, acoplada a uma camada ferromagnética. Em tais heteroestruturas, a magnetização da camada ferromagnética é modificada através de alterações no campo de tensão na interface quando a transição de fase estrutural na camada não magnética (atuador) é realizada. Assim, utilizamos a liga com memória de forma NiTi como atuador, para modificar o comportamento magnético de filmes ferromagnéticos através do acoplamento magnetoelástico em novas heteroestruturas de NiTi/Ni e NiTi/Co. O NiTi, quando próximo à sua composição equiatômica, é uma liga com memória de forma que sofre uma transição de fase estrutural reversível com a temperatura, proporcionando tensão no filme ferromagnético. Escolhemos esta liga porque o NiTi apresenta uma grande tensão de recuperação com temperaturas de transição acima da temperatura ambiente, para filmes de NiTi ricos em Ti, o que é de interesse para aplicações tecnológicas das heteroestruturas. A microestrutura do NiTi é fundamental para favorecer a transição de fase estrutural e definir as suas características. Assim, uma extensa revisão de pesquisas anteriores sobre NiTi é detalhada nesta tese. Para garantir um grande estresse durante a transição estrutural do NiTi com a temperatura, o filme de NiTi deve estar próximo de sua composição equiatômica e ter espessura acima de 800 nm. Ambas as características foram confirmadas pelas análises de espectroscopia de retroespalhamento Rutherford. A estrutura cristalina e sua transição com a temperatura foram estudadas por medidas de difração de raios X. Medidas de magnetização e histerese em função da temperatura, com campo aplicado no plano dos filmes, realizadas em um magnetômetro SQUID, comprovaram a existência do acoplamento magnetoelástico, o qual se manifestou através de variações no momento magnético da camada ferromagnética. Essas mudanças de magnetização, observadas principalmente na heteroestrutura com Ni, torna-se a característica principal do acoplamento magnetoelástico nesses novos materiais.
49
Herrera, Aliosha. "Histoire du cinéma thaï de 1945 à 1970 : l'ère des fictions populaires en 16mm." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA128.
Анотація:
Les années 1950 et 1960 apparaissent comme deux décennies d’intense effervescence dans le champ du cinéma thaï. L’adoption, à l’issue de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, du format 16mm par une nouvelle génération de cinéastes donna lieu à l’essor d’une production cinématographique très populaire dans le royaume. Alors que les comédies musicales réalisées par les fondateurs pionniers de la compagnie Phaphayon Siang Si Krung jusqu’en 1941 semblaient promettre la pérenne hégémonie d’un véritable « Hollywood du Siam », ces fictions joyeusement rhapsodiques, filmées avec des moyens de fortune et accompagnées en direct par la légendaire faconde de doubleurs professionnels, rencontrèrent un vaste public de Bangkok aux plus lointains villages de province, dans le cadre de projections en prolongement direct avec les spectacles mixtes d’antan. La disparition accidentelle, le 8 octobre 1970, de l’acteur Mit Chaibancha au cours du tournage d’Insi thong [« L’aigle d’or »] mit cependant un brusque terme à cette expérience, singulièrement tardive, de cinéma oral. La récente constitution d’un fonds d’archives à la Cinémathèque thaï a permis la mise à jour de riches vestiges de cette bien nommée « ère du 16mm ». Cette recherche se propose comme une première tentative historiographique pour exhumer ce patrimoine visuel, à la fois ancré dans la tradition dramatique siamoise et apparu dans le contexte d’une dictature militaire placée sous la complexe influence de son allié américain en ces années de Guerre FroideThe 1950s and 1960s appear as two decades of intense effervescence in the field of Thai cinema. In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the adoption of the 16mm format by a new generation of filmmakers gave rise to a very popular cinematic production in the kingdom. Whereas the musicals directed by the pioneer founders of the Phaphayon Siang Si Krung company until 1941 seemed to promise the perennial hegemony of a real ‘Hollywood of Siam’, these joyously rhapsodic fictions, filmed with makeshift means and accompanied live by the legendary loquaciousness of professional dubbers, encountered a broad public from Bangkok to the most remote provincial villages, within a screening framework stemming directly from earlier mixed shows. Nevertheless, the accidental disappearance of the actor Mit Chaibancha on the 8th of October 1970, during the shooting of Insi thong [« The golden eagle »], put an abrupt end to this singularly belated experience of oral cinema. The recent composition of an archival fund at the Thai Film Archive permitted the bringing to light of rich vestiges from this well-named ‘16mm era’. This research is a first historiographical attempt to exhume this visual patrimony, both embedded in the Siamese dramatic tradition and generated in the context of a military dictatorship that came under the complexe influence of its American ally during these Cold War years
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Oliveira, Alexandre Martins de. "The effect of formal and informal institutions on firms’ performance: an analysis of emerging economies." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/4174.
Анотація:
Institutions significantly shape the strategy and performance of firms in emerging economies. Institutions consist of both informal and formal constrains. Also, it is very clear that treating institutions as “background” will not advance strategy research on emerging economies very far. Thus, by proposing a conceptual model with the relationship between formal and informal institutions, and firms’ performance, this research aims to understand the effect of institutions on performance in emerging economies. By analyzing 241 firms in the stock exchange indexes from the BRICS economies, I provide empirical evidence for the effect of institutions on firms’ performance. Therefore, I found a negative relationship between formal and informal institutions, and firms’ performance. Furthermore, I found a positive moderating effect of firms’ size on the relationship between institutions and performance. Hence, by answering the research question, the results contribute to the body of research on the institutional theory in emerging economies.