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Книги з теми "Formal firms"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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1

Bigsten, Arne. Are formal and informal small firms really different?: Evidence from Kenyan manufacturing. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research, 1999.

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2

Ng'ang'a, Wilson. Access to formal finance: Constraints for small and medium manufacturing firms in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, 2015.

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3

Cook, G. Formal rehabilitation procedures and insolvent firms: Empirical evidence on the UK Company Voluntary Arrangement procedure. Loughborough: Loughborough University Banking Centre, 1999.

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4

Gibbons, Robert. Four formal(izable) theories of the firm? Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2004.

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5

Badaoui, Eliane. The formal sector wage premium and firm size. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2007.

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6

Orsini, Alessandro. Forma urbana: Architensions. Melfi - Italia: Libria, 2015.

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7

Alarcón, Inmaculada Sánchez, Marta Álvarez, and Hanna Hatzmann. No es está quieto: Nuevas formas documentales en el audiovisual hispánico. Madrid: Iberoamericana, 2015.

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8

Andreoli, Claudio. Giuseppe Pasquali e il caso Forma & memoria. Rome, Italy]: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2012.

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9

Nys, Rik. David Chipperfield architects: Form matters = questioni di forma. Milano: Electa, 2010.

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10

Peverini, Paolo. Il videoclip: Strategie e figure di una forma breve. Roma: Meltemi, 2004.

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11

Moraldi, Simone. Questioni di campo: La relazione osservatore/osservato nella forma documentaria. Roma: Bulzoni editore, 2015.

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12

Ambrogio, Keoma. Forma urbis Firmi: Regola e ornato dagli Statuti comunali alla Commissione edilizia. Fermo: AndreaLivi editore, 2020.

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13

Giusti, Luciano De, and John Alcorn. Una storia in forma di Quadragono. Pordenone: Biblioteca dell'immagine, 2000.

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14

Brass, Tinto. Una passione libera: In forma di autobiografia. Venezia: Marsilio, 2021.

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15

(Firm), Intesa Sanpaolo. Il colore come forma plastica: Percorso attraverso una forma di astrazione : Cantiere del '900, opere dalle collezioni Intesa Sanpaolo. Milano: Skira, 2012.

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16

1947-, Brezinski Horst Dieter, Fritsch Michael, and European Association for Comparative Economic Studies., eds. The economic impact of new firms in post-socialist countries: Bottom-up transformation in Eastern Europe. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar, 1996.

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17

McDonagh, Joseph John. An exploratory case study in the use of formal information systems planning methodologies in a commercial environment. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1992.

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18

Frasca, Giampiero. Road movie: Immaginario, genesi, struttura e forma del cinema americano on the road. Torino: UTET libreria, 2001.

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19

Canova, Gianni. L'alieno e il pipistrello: La crisi della forma nel cinema contemporaneo. Milano: Bompiani, 2000.

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20

King, Lawrence P. The basic features of postcommunist capitalism in Eastern Europe: Firms in Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2001.

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21

Great Britain. Commission for Racial Equality., ed. Discriminating under pressure: Report of a formal investigation into T&T Personnel, Employment Agency. London: Commission for Racial Equality, 1991.

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22

Commisso, Giuliana. Il conflitto invisibile: Forma del potere, relazioni sociali e soggettività operaia alla FIAT di Melfi. Soveria Mannelli, Catanzaro [Italy]: Rubbettino, 1999.

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23

Hogan, Ron. The stewardess is flying the plane!: American films of the 1970s. New York, NY: Bulfinch Press, 2005.

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24

Tamu, Ahmed Tejan. Folk media, theatre for development and non-formal education: A case study of CARE's Project "Learn" in the Pujehun District. Freetown: Institute of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, 1986.

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25

Estrada, Andrea. La tragedia según el discurso: Así se siente Cromañón : evidencialidad y formas de percepción de la enunciación pasional. Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros, 2010.

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26

Amin, Mohammad, Franziska L. Ohnsorge, and Cedric Okou. Casting a Shadow: Productivity of Formal Firms and Informality. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8945.

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27

Nataraj, Shanthi, Jeffrey Allen, and Tyler Schipper. Strict Duality and Overlapping Productivity Distributions between Formal and Informal Firms. RAND Corporation, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/wr1244.

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28

Gatti, Roberta, and Maddalena Honorati. Informality Among Formal Firms : Firm-Level, Cross-Country Evidence On Tax Compliance And Access To Credit. The World Bank, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4476.

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29

Jolevski, Filip, Gaurav Nayyar, Regina Pleninger, and Shu Yu. Spillovers in ICT Adoption from Formal to Informal Firms: Evidence from Zambia. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10757.

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30

Rozo, Sandra, and Hernan Winkler. Is Informality Good for Business? The Impacts of IDP Inflows on Formal Firms. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9035.

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31

Bachas, Pierre, Anne Brockmeyer, and Camille Semelet. The Impact of COVID-19 on Formal Firms: Micro Tax Data Simulations across Countries. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9437.

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32

Lay, Jann, and Tevin Tafese. Formalization and productivity: firm-level evidence from Viet Nam. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/921-1.

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Using a firm-level panel dataset on private small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Viet Nam’s manufacturing sector, this paper examines productivity dynamics of formal and informal firms. We decompose productivity changes into changes within and between formal and informal firms. We assess the contributions of firm entry and exit as well as informal–formal transitions. Our results show that productivity is considerably lower and misallocation more prevalent in the informal than in the formal sector. Yet, formalizing firms in Viet Nam make an important contribution to aggregate productivity growth among manufacturing SMEs, growing faster than other firms and increasing efficiency. We identify two ‘regimes’ of formalization. Until early 2010, more productive (previously) informal firms formalize. Policy changes and accelerated formalization then alter the characteristics of formalizers, as less productive firms become formal. While this formalization wave depresses average formal total factor productivity growth, the overall productivity effect is positive.

33

Islam, Asif, Isis Gaddis, Amparo Palacios-Lopez, and Mohammad Amin. The Labor Productivity Gap between Female and Male-Managed Firms in the Formal Private Sector. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8445.

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34

Campos, Francisco, Markus Goldstein, and David McKenzie. How Should the Government Bring Small Firms into the Formal System? Experimental Evidence from Malawi. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8601.

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35

Benhassine, Najy, David McKenzie, Victor Pouliquen, and Massimiliano Santini. Can Enhancing the Benefits of Formalization Induce Informal Firms to Become Formal? Experimental Evidence from Benin. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7900.

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36

Acar, Aysenur, Laurent Bossavie, and Mattia Makovec. Do Firms Exit the Formal Economy after a Minimum Wage Hike?: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Turkey. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8749.

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37

Rand, John. Comparing estimated and self-reported mark-ups for formal and informal firms in an emerging market context. UNU-WIDER, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2017/386-8.

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38

Neri, Marcelo, Cecilia Machado, and Valdemar Pinho Neto. Earnings inequality in the Brazilian formal sector: The role of firms, education, and top incomes 1994–2015. UNU-WIDER, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2018/599-2.

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39

Nomura, Shinsaku, and Samik Adhikari. The Influence of Non-Cognitive Skills on Wages within and between Firms: Evidence from Bangladesh's Formal Sector. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8053.

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40

Krafft, Caroline, Ragui Assaad, Khandker Wahedur Rahman, and Maakwe Cumanzala. How do Small Formal and Informal Firms in the Arab Republic of Egypt Compare? An Analysis of Firm Characteristics and Implications for Formalization Efforts. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9423.

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41

Dang, Duc Anh, and Hai Anh La. Political connections and firm's formalization: Evidence from Vietnam. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/904-4.

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The literature shows that political connections have different effects on firms’ activities. However, the question of how political connections affect firms’ formalization has not been explored. Using data from three waves of the Vietnam Small and Medium Enterprise Survey for the period from 2007 to 2011, this paper aims to examine the relationship between political connections and firms’ formalization in Viet Nam. We find that firms with political connections increase their share of formal workers. The results also show that smaller firms tend to be more formalized if they have political connections. To overcome bias and inconsistency concerns due to potential omitted variables and reverse causality, we use political connections in a firm’s industry in other districts as an instrumental variable. The instrumental variable results confirm our previous results that political connections do indeed lead to a higher level of formalization.

42

Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Committee of Public Accounts and Margaret Hodge. Tax Avoidance: The Role of Large Accountancy Firms, Forty-Fourth Report of Session 2012-13, Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence. Stationery Office, The, 2013.

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43

Li, Jing. Investment Terms and Level of Control of China’s Sovereign Wealth Fund in its Portfolio Firms. Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.11.

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This chapter briefly reviews the literature on sovereighn wealth funds (SWFs) with a focus on their investment characteristics and strategies. It describes the China Investment Corporation (CIC) with particular reference to its connections with the Chinese government. This is followed by analyses of hand-collected data based on 61 M&As, 8 JVs, and 28 fund investments made by the CIC 2007–15. The analyses focus on the formal control (equity stakes, voting rights, director nomination and board representation) of the CIC in its target firms, and on the indirect control benefits that the CIC can extract from them in their long-term post-investment relationships. The findings question the efficacy of proposals forcing SWFs to remain passive by suspending their voting rights, and suggest that SWF hosting countries should carefully consider the necessity and level of regulations directed at SWFs as a particular type of investors to guard against potential protectionism.

44

Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Committee of Public Accounts and Margaret Hodge. Tax Avoidance: The Role of Large Accountancy Firms Report , Thirty-eighth Report of Session 2014-15, Report, Together with the Formal Minutes Relating to the Report. Stationery Office, The, 2015.

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45

Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee and Bernard Jenkin. Collapse of Kids Company: Lessons for Charity Trustees, Professional Firms, the Charity Commission, and Whitehall, Fourth Report of Session 2015-16, Report, Together with Formal Minutes Relating to the Report. Stationery Office, The, 2016.

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46

Stoneman, Paul, Eleonora Bartoloni, and Maurizio Baussola. The Microeconomics of Product Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816676.001.0001.

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The prime objective of this book is the use microeconomic analysis to guide and provide insight into the generation and adoption of new products. Taking an approach that uses minimal formal mathematics, the volume initially addresses questions of definitions, sources, and extent of product innovation, differentiating between goods and services; hard and soft innovations; horizontal and vertical innovations; original, new to market, and new to firm innovations. The sources of product innovations (e.g. R&D, design, and creativity) are explored empirically, and the extent of such innovations is then pursued using survey and other data. Three chapters are devoted to the theoretical analysis of the demand for and supply of new products and to the determination of firms’ decisions to undertake product innovation. Later chapters encompass empirical evidence on the determination of the extent of product innovation, the diffusion of such innovation, the impact of product innovation on firm performance, price measurement, and welfare, while the final chapter addresses policy issues.

47

Boughzala, Mongi. Employment and the Functioning of the Labor Market. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799863.003.0003.

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The focus of this chapter is on Tunisia’s labor and education institutions and regulations, and their impact on market performance. The chapter examines how the regulations affect the cost of formal employment, including the ease of hiring and firing, and the mismatch between supply and demand of educated labor. In Tunisia, larger firms create most of the formal employment, but are not growing fast enough, while informal employment is widespread partly because of inappropriate regulations that increase the cost of formal employment. This chapter argues that the high cost of formality, and weak law enforcement, are the main factors that accelerate the growth of informal employment and that the greater the level of informal employment, the longer it takes to fight unemployment. The analysis comprises an important institutional component and relies on the data provided by the TLMPS 2014 and other sources, mainly the National Statistics Institute (INS).

48

Empson, Laura. Introduction and Overview. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744788.003.0001.

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Professional organizations—such as accounting, consulting, and law firms, investment banks, hospitals, and universities—embody some of the most complex and challenging interpersonal and leadership issues that organizations present. Leaders of professional organizations must contend with ambiguous authority structures, complex interpersonal relations, and idiosyncratic professional colleagues: in other words, with the power, the politics, and the prima donnas. This chapter introduces the core themes of the book. It identifies the book’s intended audience, the kinds of practitioners and academics it will appeal to and why. It provides data on the scale and significance of the professional services sector and defines in detail what is meant by the concepts ‘professional organization’ and ‘professional services firm’. It outlines the empirical foundations, which include formal research interviews with more than 500 professionals in sixteen countries, and concludes by presenting a detailed overview of all the chapters in the book.

49

Dixit, Avinash. Relation-Based Governance and Competition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812555.003.0015.

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If formal institutions of contract governance are absent or ineffective, traders try to substitute relational governance based on norms and sanctions. However, these alternatives need good information and communication concerning members’ actions; that works well only in relatively small communities. If there are fixed costs, the market has too few firms for perfect competition. The optimum must be a second best, balancing the effectiveness of contract governance and dead-weight loss of monopoly. This chapter explores this idea using a spatial model with monopolistic competition. It is found that relational governance constrains the size of firms and can cause inefficiently excessive entry, beyond the excess that already occurs in a spatial model without governance problems. Effects of alternative methods of improving governance to ameliorate this inefficiency are explored.

50

Peng, Mike W., and Theodore A. Khoury. Unbundling the Institution‐Based View of International Business Strategy. Edited by Alan M. Rugman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234257.003.0010.

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Critics suggest that the industry-based view has the five forces framework and the resource-based view converges on the VRIO framework, yet what specific propositions or frameworks does the institution-based view of IB strategy have? This article addresses this important and legitimate question, by identifying and articulating the two core propositions underpinning the institution-based view: (1) individuals and firms act rationally according to formal and informal institutional structures; (2) when formal institutions fail, informal institutions regulate exchange relationships. In other words, this article endeavours to advance the institution-based view of IB strategy by unbundling the broad proposition that ‘institutions matter’. It leverages and extends contemporary research to illustrate the explanatory and predictive power of the two propositions underpinning the institution-based view of IB strategy.