Дисертації з теми "Forests and forestry Victoria"
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1
Raftery, David Jonathon. "Competition, conflict and cooperation : an ethnographic analysis of an Australian forest industry dispute." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armr139.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: leaves 135-143. An anthropological analysis of an industrial dispute that occurred within the East Gippsland forest industry, 1997-1998 and how the workers strove to acheive better working conditions for themselves, and to share in the wealth they had created.
2
Loh, Kwai-lam Dorothy. "Circum-harbour afforestation plan around Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38232534.
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3
Ballinger, Andrea Alleyne. "Influence of habitat variability on macroinvertebrate biodiversity in river red gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis floodplain forest." Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5768.
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4
Loh, Kwai-lam Dorothy, and 羅桂林. "Circum-harbour afforestation plan around Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38232534.
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5
Mainville, Daniel Mark, and daniel mainville@dse vic gov au. "The Impacts of Agriculture and Plantation Forestry in a Selection of Upper Catchments of the Strzelecki Ranges, Victoria." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080509.162820.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The intensive nature of land uses in the Strzelecki Ranges poses significant threats to landscape values and water quality. A comprehensive catchment strategy was developed based on sustainability science concepts incorporating the careful management of landscape values, proper land management approaches, and government policy and legislative change to ensure that agriculture, forestry and other land uses become sustainable in this sensitive environment. The readily measurable water quality indicators of turbidity, flow, electrical conductivity, and water temperature were used to determine the impacts of the major land uses in the Strzeleckis. From a water quality perspective, there was a trend of decreasing water quality with increasing intensity in land management. However, from a total sediment load perspective, the forest area contributed the highest total sediment load due to higher volumes of steam flow suggesting that natural processes in the Strzeleckis may remain the principal mechanisms for sediment movement within the catchment. An incidental but significant finding was extensive bioturbation along the riparian zone of the plantation area, the extent of which was not observed in the other catchments. This finding suggested that bioturbation may have been the most significant contributor to poorer water quality flowing from in the plantation catchment. The project developed insights into the major environmental processes active in the upper catchment of the Morwell River. Understanding of the contributions to total sediment loads from natural erosional processes and bioturbation, findings related to the impacts on water quality from agricultural practices, and encountering negligible impacts from conservative timber harvesting practices demonstrate that catchment management approaches need to be tailored to achieve sustainability in land uses across the landscape. Key recommendations include the re-establishment and protection of riparian zones in agricultural catchments, the careful assessment and setting of stream buffer zone widths for timber harvesting operations, and the need for further work to map the extent of natural processes such as bioturbation and stream bank erosion. To mitigate these issues, government policy and legislation will need to focus on the preservation and enhancement of the Crown land riparian zones. Recommended changes to current administrative land management arrangements for these sensitive areas include a move from licensing riparian zones for agricultural practices such as grazing to conservation.
6
Zhu, Pengyu Zhang Yaoqi. "Demand for urban forests a national and regional study /." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1325.
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7
Shepherd, Peter James, and psshep@unimelb edu au. "Business planning by small owner managed enterprises in the Victorian forestry sector." RMIT University. Graduate School of Business, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061116.164513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Planning by owner-managers of small business has not received the attention from researchers a sector of such importance deserves. Using the forestry sector in Victoria as a sample, an investigation into the background and the planning undertaken by the owner-managers of small businesses was designed and implemented. The people consulted by the owner-manager as part of the planning process were identified as well as the topics discussed. A range of approaches to planning were identified and grouped into non-planners, partial planners and formal planners. The sample was divided into Consultants and Contractors based on the type of work undertaken and the equipment used. Further sub-sets were identified. Contractors were split into Labour Intensive Contractors and Capital Intensive Contractors and the Consultants were also divided by age into
8
Peach, Kris Elizabeth. "Accounting for forests." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36390/1/36390_Peach_1994.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a lack of accounting guidance in Australia relating to accounting for forests. Forest accounting provides some unique challenges which existing historical cost based accounting methods do not address. Forests have a significant growth period with revenue being received many years after the majority of expenditure is incurred. They are also assets which appreciate in value from growth. Existing accounting practices in Australia are diverse. Consequently this raises the issue of whether comparability of entities within the industry is possible.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine existing forest accounting
practice in Australia and to recommend an accounting method to assist in improving comparability between entities and in providing users with more meaningful information on which to base decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources. The recommended accounting method depends upon the merchantable
status of the forest. The accounting method which best enables measurement of entity performance and accounting for appreciation in value of forest assets is the current valuation method. This method requires annual revaluations of the forest. However, the valuation
must be capable of reliable determination and verification to enable
recognition in the balance sheet. The current valuation method is recommended for forests of merchantable age.
Forests of less than merchantable age are difficult to value accurately because of the uncertainty regarding major assumptions such as physical growth, rotation age, and stumpage prices. The recommended method of accounting for immature forests is the cost compounding method. This method records the forest asset at historical cost, compounded by a factor representing the opportunity
cost of capital to allow for the forest growth. Until the forest reaches merchantable age, the increment in
valuation should be recorded in an asset revaluation reserve as the gains are not capable of realisation and it is not consistent with current accounting practice to recognise changes in valuation where the product is not in a readily realisable form. The recommended method of recognising the changes in valuation for a forest of merchantable age is direct recognition in the profit and
loss account. Income from timber sales should be off set against the value of the forest asset, as it does not represent revenue but a direct exchange of assets which involves no profit factor. When a forest has not yet reached merchantable age, and the cost compounding method is applicable, the recommended method of revenue
recognition is to take the change in valuation to an asset
revaluation reserve. Until the timber reaches a merchantable age, the gains are not capable of realisation and it is not consistent with current accounting practice to recognise changes in valuation
where the product is not in a readily realisable form.
Growing timber should be classified as inventory where the timber is held for the purpose of sale in the ordinary course of business. Where the forest is held for sale rather than the timber within the forest, the forest should be classified as an investment. The recommended disclosures in relation to accounting for forests
include disclosure of: revenue· recognition method;
asset measurement method; treatment of expenditure;
treatment of interest; definition of merchantable age; valuation methodology, including specie of timber, age profile of the forest, discount rate and other major assumptions; and insurance cover.
Whilst the recommendations appear a departure from existing, accounting conventions, the majority of the industry are already obtaining current valuations on a regular basis, and precedents have been established for the recognition of the changes in valuation to be recorded directly in the profit and loss account with AAS 25: Financial Reporting by Superannuation Plans and AASB 1023: Financial Reporting by General Insurance Activities. The recommended method of accounting does not contravene existing accounting standards as forests are excluded from the operations of AASB 1010: Revaluation of Non-Current Assets and AASB 1019: of Inventories in the Context of Measurement and Presentation the Historical Cost System.
9
Waiswa, Daniel. "Dynamics of Forest Cover Extent, Forest Fragmentation and Their Drivers in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda From 1989 to 2009." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26803.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the important values forests play in the tropics, sustainable forest management still remains a challenge as manifested through continued forest loss. The objective of this study was to provide information on the dynamics of forest cover and their drivers vital for enhancing sustainable forest management in the Lake Victoria crescent, Uganda. Several methodologies including remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems techniques, analysis of landscape patterns and various social science techniques were integrated in working towards the stated goal. Results showed that the Lake Victoria crescent, Uganda covering an area of about 1,509,228 ha, experienced a decline in forest cover from 9.0% in 1989 to 4.4% in 2009. This was in comparison with non-forest cover which increased from 58.7% in 1989 to 63.5% in 2009 while open water coverage generally remained unchanged averaging 32.3% from 1989 to 2009. Mean annual deforestation rate from 1989 to 2009 decreased with a weighted mean rate of 2.56%. Both deforestation and afforestation declined between 1989 and 2009 although deforestation still exceeded afforestation. In addition to deforestation, the Lake Victoria crescent also experienced forest fragmentation from 1989 to 2009. Forests greater than 100 ha in size were the most vulnerable to forest fragmentation yet they still constituted a big proportion of forest cover in 2009. Deforestation was a consequence of proximate causes which were triggered by a number of underlying drivers acting singly or in combination, with underlying drivers being more influential. In a bid to promote sustainable forest management, there is a need to continue with efforts to curb deforestation and forest fragmentation, especially amongst forests greater than 100 ha. This could be achieved through empowerment of local communities to take a core role in sustainable management of forest resources.Ph. D.
10
Larson, Chad J. "Modeling forest transition pathways for decision making in private forestry." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 30, 2006). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
11
Lele, Dorothy Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Common resource development: community forestry in Maharashtra, India." Ottawa, 1988.
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12
Thrower, James S. "Model-dependent sampling for timber value in old-growth forests of coastal British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The procedure used to sample crown timber before harvesting in B.C. is designed to estimate net volume per ha using systematically located angle-count plots where trees are selected with probability proportional to basal area. The primary purpose of the sample is to provide information for timber valuation and stumpage appraisal. Timber value is the most important population parameter for stumpage calculation, but it is not explicitly considered in the sampling design. The objective of this study was to modify the current sampling method to increase the efficiency for estimating value using model-dependent sampling theory.
Eighteen model-dependent sampling strategies were developed from six subsampling methods using three estimators. The six subsampling methods were used to select trees from angle-count plots to estimate the relationship between cruiser-called and estimated tree value. Three subsampling methods used probability-based selection of trees and three methods used purposive-based selection of trees. Ratio, average ratio, and regression estimators were used with each method. The 18 strategies were tested using Monte Carlo simulation with 2000 samples at each of nine sample sizes in three test populations. The test populations were created by grouping angle-count plot data into mutually exclusive sets reflecting different stand characteristics. The sample sizes were n = 20,40, and 60 plots with m = n, 3n, and 5n subsampled trees. Individual tree value was estimated with regression equations that used variables closely related to the value of each species. The sampling strategies were evaluated for bias, sample variance, achieved subsample size, sampling cost, confidence interval coverage, and relative advantage against the current sampling method.
The model-dependent subsampling methods using purposive selection of trees were more efficient than the current sampling method considering cost and variance. The purposive-based methods were biased up to about 5%; the probability-based methods were slightly less biased. The two most efficient methods were: i) purposive selection of trees with the highest estimated values in a plot; and ii) purposive selection of trees with estimated values within a given range to give a second-stage sample balanced on the auxiliary variable. The greatest efficiency was always achieved with one sample tree per plot. The current sampling method was unbiased for estimating value but required approximately twice as many plots to estimate value to the same level of precision as net volume.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
13
Li, Yaoxiang. "Modeling operational forestry problems in central Appalachian hardwood forests." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3814.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 144 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-114).
14
Liu, Shan. "Estimating the Potential Impact of Carbon Markets on North Carolina Forests." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11052009-234247/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several studies have examined the theoretical aspects of determining the optimal carbon rotation. This paper explores the tradeoff between timber and net carbon sequestration in managing representative forest management types in North Carolina. Under conservative assumptions regarding the social benefits of carbon storage, optimal rotation periods are extended depending on the forest type, carbon price, interest rate, and emission penalty under consideration. Analysis shows when carbon price is low the extension of the joint timber-carbon rotation are similar among DOE, CCX, and VCS protocols; when carbon price is high, the joint rotation extends longer under DOE protocol than the other two protocols, especially in the lowland hardwood forest type. Results suggest that such joint strategies could be financially attractive. Sensitivity analysis is used to examine the effects of changes in financial parameters on landowner returns and optimal management. Under most assumptions, our findings indicate that including carbon sequestration in forest management increases returns but leads to only marginal changes in rotation length.
15
Wang, Fei. "Design and implementation of Web-based GIS for forest fragmentation analysis." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2473.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 107 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-107).
16
Lovett, Jonathan C. "Classification and affinities of the Eastern Arc moist forests of Tanzania." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333691.
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17
Morris, Tracy Catharine. "Tree Composition Along Edaphic and Hydrologic Gradients in Nonriverine Wet Hardwood Forests." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04102005-161445/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We sampled seven intact nonriverine wet hardwood forests to establish target ranges for vegetation, soils and hydrology and to examine trends in plant species composition along a wetness gradient. Although quantitative vegetation analysis for this community has been published, broad drainage classes were used to represent a moisture gradient. We investigated trends along a finer-scaled wetness gradient utilizing a novel wetness index that incorporated indicators of saturated soils. Understanding small-scale patterns in plant community composition is useful in planning wetland restoration projects. Although no strong relationship was found between wetness index classes and plant community composition, these data represent the vegetative community supported by soils specific to each wetness class. Absence of this relationship is most likely a result of the dominance of A. rubrum and L. styraciflua in all wetness classes as well as a history of disturbance in each forest and other unknown stochastic variables. For the restorationist hoping to restore a historic nonriverine wet hardwood forest, once known as oak flats, we can suggest guidelines for restoring hydrology to the wetness classes in which we found oaks with high importance.
18
Baucom, Deana L. "Armillaria species in the Missouri Ozarks forests." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 18, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Rydberg, Dan. "Urban forestry in Sweden : silvicultural aspects focusing on young forests /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5607-X.gif.
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Hörnsten, Lisa. "Outdoor recreation in Swedish forests : implications for society and forestry /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-6053-0.pdf.
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Predmore, Stephen Andrew. "Presettlement vegetation and fire in Escambia and Covington counties, Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/PREDMORE_STEPHEN_32.pdf.
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Folegatti, Bruno da Silveira Smidt Mathew F. "The use of mechanical thinning treatments in management of small stands at the wildland urban interface." Auburn, Ala, 2004. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2004/FALL/Forestry_and_Wildlife_Sciences/Thesis/FOLEGATTI_BRUNO_23.pdf.
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Pralle, Sarah Beth. "Conflict expansion and containment in forestry politics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10748.
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Hulting, Dustin J. "Regional patterns of presettlement forests in the Boston mountains of northwest Arkansas." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4504.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 8, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
25
Öhman, Karin. "Forest planning with consideration to spatial relationships /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6082-4.fulltext.pdf.
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26
Forsberg, Filip. "Naturum Vindelgransele : The Laws of the Forests." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223550.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This is a project about human relation to nature. How we have used the nature in our surroundings and created architecture that comes from the material access and practical needs of our daily lives and what I can do with this knowledge as an architect. It is a project striving to bring focus to the lost knowledge of forestry and history and skills of traditional woodcrafts. I asked myself, what can I learn from traditional building techniques to create architecture based on site specifcs and material logics? And how can architecture help us understand our surroundings and history?
27
Moore, Joseph G. "Two struggles into one? : Labour and environmental movement relations and the challenge to capitalist forestry in British Columbia, 1900-2000 /." *McMaster only, 2001.
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28
Vieira, Ima Celia Guimaraes. "Forest succession after shifting cultivation in eastern Amazonia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26668.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Succession following shifting cultivation was studied in secondary forests (5 to 40 years old) and a primary forest in Bragantina region, Para, Brazil. Secondary forests covered 62% of the study area (89 km² ) and crops and pasture 18%. Soil analyses showed an increase in pH, exchangeable calcium, magnesium and potassium and a decrease of organic matter and exchangeable aluminium, immediately after burning. Organic matter and extractable phosphorus increased with forest age, exchangeable aluminium and potassium were the same in both secondary and primary forests and exchangeable calcium and magnesium remained higher in the secondary forests. The highest densities of individuals and the least basal area and height were found in the younger secondary forests. The number of woody species (≥5 cm dbh) 250-m2 plot ranged from 8 to 17 in the secondary forests and 17 to 27 in the primary forest. Ordination and classification of floristic data suggested four successional communities. The forests regenerated readily and studies showed: the largest seed bank (0-5 cm) in the 5-years-old forest (1190 ± 284 seeds m-2) and a decrease with age to 137 ±19 seeds m-2 in the primary forest; the highest seed rain in the 5-years-old forest (883 ± 230 seeds m-2) and least in the primary forest (220 ± 80); 46% of the smaller plants (≥1 m tall, < 5 cm dbh) were seedlings and 54% were sprouts in the 5-years-old forest but in the 10-years and 20-years-old forests, seedlings (81%) predominated; adult plants (≥5 cm db h) in 5 to 20-years-old plots regenerated mainly from sprouts. Even after about 90 years of shifting cultivation the region has the potential for forest regeneration and the soil nutrients are able to recover to values similar to those in the primary forest. This raises the hope that, if a land use plan for Bragantina could be implemented, then it would be successful.
29
Boal, Clint William 1961. "Northern goshawk diets in ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Little dietary information exists for northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) in the southwestern United States. I conducted 1,539 hours of direct observation at 20 active goshawk nests in ponderosa pine forests on the North Kaibab Ranger District, Arizona, 1990-1992. I recorded 385 prey deliveries at a mean delivery rate of 0.25/hr. I identified 63 deliveries to class, and 307 to genus or species. Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) and cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.) were the most common mammalian prey species (41%). Stellar's jays (Cyanocitta stelleri) and northern flickers (Colaptes auratus) were the most common avian prey species (16%). Mammals and birds accounted for 76 and 24% of the prey observed, and mammals accounted for 94% of the biomass used by northern goshawks. I compared the characterization of diet of northern goshawks based on direct observation to the characterization of diet based on prey remains. Diet based on prey remains differed from diet based on direct observation for individual prey species and the proportion of mammals and birds. Goshawk diet information based on prey remains should be interpreted cautiously. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
30
Acharya, Uma. "Biodiversity conservation : perceptions and concepts in community forestry in Nepal /." Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001325.
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31
Stevenson, Aaron P. "Effects of prescribed burning in Missouri Ozark upland forests." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4931.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 3, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Sundermeier, Mark Alan. "TOURISM IN EXURBAN POSTINDUSTRIAL FORESTS IN APPALACHIA." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1292958854.
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Folegatti, Bruno da Silveira Smidt Mathew F. "The application of precision forestry technologies in logging operations." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1975.
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34
Argent, Robert Murray. "Dendroclimatological investigation of river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt)." Connect to thesis Access electronic version, 1995. http://thesis.lib.unimelb.edu.au/adt-root/public/adt-VU2001.0019/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [279]-287) This thesis examines the growth ring structure of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt and investigates links between ring features and the climatic conditions under which growth took place. Samples of E. camaldulensis from the Barmah Forest (near the River Murray in northern Victoria) were used in the study. E. camaldulensis growth is linked to periodic flooding, and the Barmah Forest contains sites that are frequently flooded. Wood samples were obtained from sites subject to different average flooding frequencies. Trees used in the study grew out of natural regeneration in the 1920's and 1930's and from regeneration trials in the early 1960's. Initial investigation of E. camaldulensis samples revealed ring-like features that were able to be traced on samples by eye. Microscopic investigation showed that there existed considerable variations in the properties of individual rings at different positions on the samples, and that the boundaries between rings were often indistinct. Further examination of E. camaldulensis microstructure was performed on samples from two trees that grew on sites with significantly different flooding regimes. These samples possessed features that formed rings, with rings being successfully matched between samples taken from different heights in the trees. As the complex microstructure of E. camaldulensis did not lend itself to standard dendroclimatological techniques, methods were developed to facilitate the comparison and matching of rings. These methods were also used in the successful matching of ring patterns with the output from a simple climate-based tree growth model. Two sets of E. camaldulensis samples (BS1, with 33 samples, and BS2, with 39 samples) were studied to assess the level of individual variability in ring patterns, and to provide a representative ring pattern for climate comparison. Following the development of methods for identifying samples with similar ring patterns, a subset of similar samples was selected from the BS1 set. A member of this subset was selected to provide a ring-width pattern upon which a representative pattern of ring features for BS1 was based. The rings of the BS2 samples possessed poorer ring definition than the BS1 samples and provided no new or different information. Consequently, the representative ring pattern for BS1 was used in a dendroclimatological investigation for the site. The ring pattern was matched with the output from two tree growth event models. Although rings were matched with growth events over a 27 year period, the high variability of individual ring features prevented matching of particular types of ring features with particular types of climatic events. An investigation of numerical methods for matching ring patterns with ring or growth event patterns, and for identifying samples with similar ring patterns, was performed using signal smoothing and filtering techniques and a dynamic time-warping procedure. Ring matching and identification of similar ring patterns was found to be most successful on samples where the ring patterns, expressed as continuous signals, had similar mean and amplitude values. The techniques were unsuccessful in the matching of signals of different form, such as continuous ring pattern signals and discontinuous growth event signals.
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Banzhaf, George Maynard. "LOG GRADE VOLUME DISTRIBUTION MODEL FOR TREE SPECIES IN RED OAK-SWEETGUM FORESTS IN SOUTHERN BOTTOMLANDS." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06302009-110223/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Southern bottomland sites are among the most productive areas for producing high quality grade hardwood, yet the ability to estimate the quantity and quality of standing grade hardwood is almost non-existent. Measurements and observed log grades were recorded on standing trees to construct volume prediction models for individual trees. Several different modeling techniques were explored and compared during development. Developed equations predict merchantable sawtimber volume and volume by grade category in trees by species group. Two separate sets of equations were developed for each species group using either total height or merchantable height. Models were chosen based on significance of variables, index of fit, RMSE, bias, ease of use, and biological trends. The models developed to predict merchantable sawtimber and grade volumes were designed to be implemented in a larger hardwood growth and yield system.
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Cassells, Gemma Fiona. "Can remote sensing be used to support sustainable forestry in Malawi?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainable forest management is a key issue in Malawi. Malawi is a relatively small, resource poor, densely populated country, which in some areas is close to exceeding the energy capacity of the environment to support it. Despite the importance of forestry in Malawi, there is a severe lack of knowledge about the current state of Malawi’s forest resources. Remote sensing has the potential to provide current and historical insights into forest cover change. However, Malawi faces a number of key challenges with regards to in-country remote sensing. These include technical capacity for obtaining accurate and consistent forest area and biomass estimates, with errors at acceptable levels, as well as the necessary supporting capacity development for individuals and institutions. This thesis examines how remote sensing can be used to support sustainable forestry in Malawi, by assessing the use of both optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for mapping forest cover, forest cover change and aboveground biomass (AGB). L-band SAR data was used to try and establish a relationship between radar backscatter and biomass, which has been achieved many times in other areas. However, no correlations between any field-based forest metric and backscatter explained enough of the variability in the datasets to be used to develop empirical relationships between the variables. There were also differences between my field measured AGB and AGB values predicted by a published backscatter-biomass relationship for African dry forests. The speckle inherent in SAR imagery, the heterogeneity of Malawi’s dominant miombo savanna, and Malawi’s variable topography are likely to have played a significant role in this. Two different MODIS products were investigated for their potential for mapping forest cover change, with regards to potential REDD+ schemes. As part of this, a published equation was used to calculate the break-even point for REDD+ schemes in Malawi, using estimates of forest area and deforestation for the United Nations Forest Resources Assessment 2010. The results of this equation show that measurement error is the most important factor in determining whether or not Malawi can make REDD+ economically viable, particularly at lower levels of deforestation. While neither of the MODIS products were able to produce a verifiable forest cover change map, they do confirm that Malawi is experiencing some level of forest loss, and help to narrow down the range of possible forest loss rates Malawi is experiencing to between 1-3% net forest loss per year. Finally, this thesis examines global trends in the engagement of developing country researchers with global academic remote sensing research, to investigate differences in in-country capacity for monitoring forests using remote sensing. The results of this found that while a significant proportion of Earth observation research (44%) has developing countries as their object of research, less than 3% of publications have authors working, or affiliated to, a developing country (excluding China, India and Brazil, which are not only countries in transition, but have well established EO capacity). These patterns appear consistent over the past 20 years, despite the increasing awareness of the importance of capacity development over this period. Despite inconclusive results from the approaches examined here, remote sensing can play a role in improving understanding about the dynamics of Malawi’s forest resources. There is a need for nationwide accurate, validated forest maps that can be repeated at least on a yearly basis, and remote sensing could produced these without the resources needed to conduct full national ground inventories each year. If remote sensing is to be useful as a forest mapping tool in Malawi, it needs to provide consistent, verifiable and updatable estimates of forest cover and biomass change. This ideally needs to be achieved using free or low cost data, and by using open source or open access software, as this will better enable incountry researchers to conduct on-going forest mapping activities.
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Paine, C. E. Timothy. "Ecological factors affecting the diversity of tropical tree seedlings /." View online, 2007. http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-06272007-084024/unrestricted/CETP_diss_2007_06_21.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-106). Also available via the World Wide Web: http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-06272007-084024/unrestricted/CETP_diss_2007_06_21.pdf
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Lootens, James. "Estimation of total height, growth, and mortality of forest trees in Missouri." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4284.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (Dec. 13, 2006). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Clark, James Joseph. "Multi-resolution stereo vision with application to the automated measurement of logs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25582.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A serial multi-resolution stereo matching algorithm is presented that is based on the Marr-Poggio matcher (Marr and Poggio, 1979). It is shown that the Marr-Poggio feature disambiguation and in-range/out-of-range mechanisms are unreliable for non-constant disparity functions. It is proposed that a disparity function estimate reconstructed from the disparity samples at the lower resolution levels be used to disambiguate possible matches at the high resolutions. Also presented is a disparity scanning algorithm with a similar control structure, which is based on an algorithm recently proposed by Grimson (1985).
It is seen that the proposed algorithms will function reliably only if the disparity measurements are accurate and if the reconstruction process is accurate. The various sources of errors in the matching are analyzed in detail. Witkin's (Witkin, 1983) scale space is used as an analytic tool for describing a hitherto unreported form of disparity error, that caused by spatial filtering of the images with non-constant disparity functions.
The reconstruction process is analyzed in detail. Current methods for performing the reconstruction are reviewed. A new method for reconstructing functions from arbitrarily distributed samples based on applying coordinate transformations to the sampled function is presented. The error due to the reconstruction process is analyzed, and a general formula for the error as a function of the function spectra, sample distribution and reconstruction filter impulse response is derived.
Experimental studies are presented which show how the matching algorithms perform with surfaces of varying bandwidths, and with additive image noise.
It is proposed that matching of scale space feature maps can eliminate many of the problems that the Marr-Poggio type of matchers have. A method for matching scale space maps which operates in the domain of linear disparity functions is presented. This algorithm is used to experimentally verify the effect of spatial filtering on the disparity measurements for non-constant disparity functions.
It is shown that measurements can be made on the binocular scale space maps that give an independent estimate of the disparity gradient this leads to the concept of binocular diffrequency. It is shown that the diffrequency measurements are not affected by the spatial filtering effect for linear disparities. Experiments are described which show that the disparity gradient can be obtained by diffrequency measurement. An industrial application for stereo vision is described. The application is automated measurement of logs, or log scaling. A moment based method for estimating the log volume from the segmented two dimensional disparity map of the log scene is described. Experiments
are described which indicate that log volumes can be estimated to within 10%.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Gay, Michael Dewayne Best Troy L. "Effect of age of forest on mammals in the Upper Mobile-Tensaw River Delta, Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/GAY_MICHAEL_46.pdf.
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Rentch, James S. "Stand dynamics and disturbance history of five oak-dominated old-growth stands in the unglaciated Appalachian Plateau." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 227 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Bowling, Ernest H. "A stand level multi-species growth model for Appalachian hardwoods." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104295.
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Buckingham, Kathleen. "The marginalisation of an orphan species : examining bamboo's fit within international forestry institutions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669868.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presents an examination of the interplay between bamboo and institutions of resource management in China, India and internationally, highlighting the need for greater diversity and scope of Western dominated forestry institutions and associated mechanisms. Firstly, the thesis aims to explore the conceptual understanding of forests and the exclusion of bamboo from this construction. The key reason this question is important is that it changes the 'technological zones‘ of forestry. Growing resource scarcity has meant that bamboo is now an increasingly important input in the global forest products marketplace. Secondly, the thesis aims to examine how governance mechanisms and actors respond to the inclusion of this new input. The thesis adopts the 'paper route'; the first paper traces the socio-historical reasons why bamboo‘s potential is yet to be realised, particularly within international policy. It considers the challenges of forestry being predominantly conceptualised as treed lands and the implications for the limited efficacy of sustainable forestry, carbon and trade instruments when applied to bamboo. The second paper acts as an introduction to Western produced forest certification devices, focusing on their transformation within forestry institutions and perceived legitimacy within China. The third paper focuses on a case study of bamboo certification in India. The final paper analyses the controversy regarding the efficacy of forest certification for bamboo globally. The thesis aims to explore these topics through three lines of theory. First, it contributes to institutional framing theory by examining where the idea of a 'forest' originated from and the consequences this has had for the rise of bamboo as a 'timber' product. Second, the thesis aims to further legitimacy theory in two key ways, by examining how the Chinese government accommodates and facilitates the differing needs of both international and domestic markets, whilst ultimately assuming a legitimate form of (institutionalised) domestic governance, and how the perceived input (procedure) and output (efficacy) legitimacy influence the potential success of current and future forest certification for bamboo. Third, the thesis seeks to provide a dynamic analysis of the role of certification through the lens of performativity, which uncovers how certification can create different realities for different actors. This thesis is timely and important for a number of reasons. Firstly, China is gaining more prominence on the world stage, both as an economic and political power. With increased pressure on forestry resources, the forestry administration is determined to upscale sustainable forest management. This requires adhering to global notions of sustainability thorough market mechanisms and ensuring a degree of autonomy of forest management through localising processes. Secondly, China recently received Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) bamboo certification for some of the most intensively managed areas in the country. This has increased controversy amongst experts regarding the efficacy of the mechanism to truly bring about sustainable bamboo management. Thirdly, on a more global scale, one of the crucial issues with up-scaling bamboo management is the fact that there are over 1,200 species of bamboo, with three different rooting structures: monopodial (diffuse) sympodial (clumping), and amphodial (mixed) – which have distinct policy and management needs. Focusing purely on the large-scale, intensively managed, monopodial or treelike' stands in China would ignore the vast areas of small-scale, sympodial bamboo homesteads with issues regarding flowering and propagation of sterile species. Bamboo plantations in Africa, Latin America, and India are being developed, which require enabling policy and management mechanisms. With a global industry estimated at US$10bn, the implications of an inclusive and enabling frame for bamboo management could have wide ranging impacts for both natural resource management and livelihood development.
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Newmann, Sarah McCarthy. "Plant-soil feedbacks in temperate and tropical forests." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Forestry Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 13, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-184). Also issued in print.
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Pacurari, Doru I. "Evaluation of the use of remotely sensed images to speciate mixed Appalachian forests." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1550.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 128 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-121).
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Motaung, Tsholofelo. "Review of forest plantation funding in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97471.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Developing sustainable forests has been acknowledged to be important, not just as a way of averting deforestation and land degradation, but as another opportunity to contribute positively towards rural development, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Forestry development has, however, not received the recognition it deserves. Its importance to economic development and its potential contribution have not been explicitly communicated and thus remain undervalued. The long rotations required for trees to mature, plus the associated risk from fires, pests and diseases has affected the sector’s ability to attract investment. In South Africa this reluctance is evident in both the public and private sectors alike. Access to finance for forestry remains a challenge, which negatively affects the supply to the processing part of the value chain. The objective of the study is to review current forestry funding mechanisms in South Africa, specifically plantations and their contributions to rural economic development. Using secondary data, the study reviewed the current sector funding from the state, development funding institutions and the private sector. The study also looked at alternative sources used in other countries and how they can be customised to the South African economy. In this study it was found that there are gaps between policies aimed at the development of the sector on the one hand, and the resources allocated to the sector on the other hand. The available schemes fail to support the sector policies’ objectives. These discrepancies can be attributed to the poor design of the current offering, the development of which failed to fully consider the dynamics of the sector. The conclusion of the study was that the government needs to play more of a leading role in developing the sector, especially with the small-scale growers who cannot be catered for by both commercial and development banks. The sector also stands to benefit significantly from better collaboration between the public and private sectors. Policies that create an enabling environment would also encourage the private sector to invest more. The study also suggested that, in view of the dynamics of the sector and its contribution to climate change risk mitigation, there is room to tap innovative funding such as that offered by environmental funding.
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Macaulay, Lisa Ann University of Ballarat. "The floristic composition and regeneration characteristics of Buloke (Allocasuarina luehmannii) woodland of the Wimmera, Victoria." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12768.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"The pre-settlement distribution and character of Wimmera Buloke woodlands are described based on historical data including early parish plans. It is suggested the open structure of these woodlands was maintained by relatively frequent fire. The floristic composition of the most intact Wimmera Buloke woodland remnants was intensively surveyed. Five floristic communities are described based on computer-based analysis of species presence data. Eight 'pre-settlement Buloke woodland types' are described based on surface soil texture categories and average annual rainfall zones. Native daisies, chenopods and shrubs are components of the understory that differentiate the 'pre-settlement Buloke woodland types'. [...] A series of experiments was undertaken with the aim of determinig the factors responsible for the paucity of Allocasuarina luehmannii regeneration in remnant Wimmera bushland."Master of Applied Science
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Macaulay, Lisa Ann. "The floristic composition and regeneration characteristics of Buloke (Allocasuarina luehmannii) woodland of the Wimmera, Victoria." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14602.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"The pre-settlement distribution and character of Wimmera Buloke woodlands are described based on historical data including early parish plans. It is suggested the open structure of these woodlands was maintained by relatively frequent fire. The floristic composition of the most intact Wimmera Buloke woodland remnants was intensively surveyed. Five floristic communities are described based on computer-based analysis of species presence data. Eight 'pre-settlement Buloke woodland types' are described based on surface soil texture categories and average annual rainfall zones. Native daisies, chenopods and shrubs are components of the understory that differentiate the 'pre-settlement Buloke woodland types'. [...] A series of experiments was undertaken with the aim of determinig the factors responsible for the paucity of Allocasuarina luehmannii regeneration in remnant Wimmera bushland."Master of Applied Science
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Stephens, Michael Leslie. "The economics of multiple-use forestry with reference to wood production and conservation of the Leadbeater's possum in the central highlands of Victoria." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145163.
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McDonald, Sarah Elizabeth Alice. "Hyperspectral remote sensing of conifer biochemistry in the Greater Victoria Watershed District, British Columbia." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The biochemical composition of conifer foliage in the Greater Victoria Watershed District (GVWD), Vancouver Island, Canada, was examined using hyperspectral remote sensing data. Imagery acquired from the airborne sensor Advanced Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) was compared to sampled foliar chemical measurements to provide regional maps of biochemical distribution. The biochemical concentrations of nitrogen, chlorophyll and moisture derived from AVIRIS data were analyzed to provide an analysis of the forest canopy, comprised predominantly of Douglas-fir.
The AVIRIS data were preprocessed to correct for atmospheric and geometric distortion, degradation, and noise inherent in the data in order to properly represent the forest canopy at the time of image acquisition. The AVIRIS data were used to investigate the relationship between the reflectance, absorbance and derivative values present in the imagery corresponding to the sampled chemical data. A total of 29 plots were used in a partial least squares regression analysis to analyze the relationship between the data sets to extract chemical constituents in the forest canopy. Nitrogen and total chlorophyll models have r2
values of 0.73 and 0.68 respectively. Due to the complexity of moisture interaction with hyperspectral data, regression models were unable to be computed for the AVIRIS data over the GVWD. Regression models were then applied to the entire AVIRIS dataset for regional mapping of the canopy biochemistry. The distribution of nitrogen and total chlorophyll in the forested areas of the GVWD was mapped.