Дисертації з теми "Forests and forestry Government policy"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Forests and forestry Government policy".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Baral, Jagadish Chandra. "Government intervention and local processes in community forestry in the hills of Nepal /." Richmond, N.S.W. : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030522.085631/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаRaizada, Rachana. "Corporate responses to government and environmental group actions designed to protect the environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27230.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWatts, White Scotney. "The effects of forestry policy on the sustainability of forest resources in Southern Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53108.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims to evaluate the effects of forestry policy on the sustainability of forest resources in Southern Africa. However, the study has confirmed that forestry policy does not operate independently of other policies. Its scope is defined by overarching framework legislation and policy, while it functions within a complex mesh of crosscutting and sectoral policies. Therefore, the implications of these external policies for forest conservation have also been assessed. The method used employs predominantly qualitative assessment of documentary data, which constitute the main contents of the three case studies: South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia. This qualitative information has been transformed into quantitative data, using a scoring scale of one to five for certain indicators of sustainable forest management (SFM). The average score for each country makes up a forest conservation index (FCI), which provides a comprehensive insight into the performance of a country's forestry and other resource conservation policies. South Africa's FCI is estimated at 3, while Tanzania and Zambia's indices have been rounded to 2 each. As South Africa's forestry policy and other biological resource conservation policies came into existence as recent as the mid- and late 1990s, this index suggests that these policies will lead to SFM subject to satisfactory implementation. Indeed, South Africa has a congruous forestry legislation whose regulatory mechanisms are appropriately blended with financial and framework incentives. Its overarching framework legislation and policy define forestry policy, while the crosscutting policies reinforce it. However, the country's performance on intergovernmental and intersectoral policy co-ordination is poor, as well as on the economic valuation of its natural forest resources. Furthermore, the formulation of South Africa's forestry policy was not founded on up-to-date forest resource data. Contrary to the South African case, Tanzania and Zambia's indices indicate the likelihood of unsustainable forest use and management. These countries' existing forestry and other resource conservation policy-making processes are narrow-based and gender-insensitive, rendering them unpopular among policyaffected and policy-connected stakeholders. These inappropriate policies and their blunt instruments distort markets for forest resources, i.e., create situations in which benefits are dissociated from costs, prices from scarcities, rights from responsibilities and actions from consequences. Both forestry policies and their governing tools were not founded on contemporary forest resource data, i.e., they are not issue centred. The countries' framework laws have also failed to institutionalise environmental impact assessment, monitoring and evaluation, intersectoral policy co-ordination, participatory approaches to natural resource management and ownership of environmental assets such as land and forest resources by local communities. The administration of forestry policy requires competent professional and technical staff. South Africa has adequate human resources in the forestry sector, although the personnel appear to lack the necessary skills for participatory forest management for poverty reduction. Tanzania has adequate but ineffective forestry personnel, resutting in lack of law enforcement and corruption while Zambia lacks professional staff to interpret and implement the existing forestry policy. The ineffectiveness and the lack of professional and technical staff, inter alia, is reflected in the high rates of deforestation, which have been estimated at 91,000 halannum for Tanzania and 851,000 halannum for Zambia. Unlike South Africa, both Tanzania and Zambia's sectoral policies fail to cultivate concerns for forest conservation. This situation is aggravated further by the pervasive lack of intra- and intersectoral policy coordination among biological resource conservation divisions and departments. The coherence of South Africa's forestry and other resource conservation policies is attributable to the scarcity of natural forests in the country. Approximately, 7.0% of South Africa's landscape is under forest cover, while Tanzania and Zambia have 37% and 42%, respectively. Decreasing supplies of forest coupled with the increasing demands for forest resources causes the value of forest resources to appreciate. Naturally, there is a stronger need for the forest-scarce South Africa to pursue prudent conservation policies to protect its limited forest than Tanzania and Zambia whose governments treat their respective vast land and forest resources as a safety valve for economic hardship without adequate investment in SFM. In summary, forest resource use and management in Tanzania and Zambia are littered by market and policy failures. It is envisaged that the opportunities and constraints identified in each market and policy failure will inform future forestry and related policy-making process, not only in the concerned countries but also in other African countries experiencing similar forest conservation problems.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ten doel om die effekte te evalueer wat bosboubeleid het op die volhoubaarheid van woudhulpbronne in Suidelike Afrika. Hierdie studie het egter bevestig dat bosboubeleid nie onafhanklik van ander beleidspunte funksioneer nie. Die omvang daarvan word gedefinieer deur oorkoepelende raamwerkwetgewing en beleid, terwyl dit binne 'n komplekse netwerk van oorkruisende en sektorale beleid funksioneer. Daaom is die implikasies van hierdie eksteme beleidspunte vir woudbewaring ook bepaal. Die metode gebruik, wend hoofsaaklik kwalitatiewe beraming van dokumentere data aan, wat die hoofinhoud van die drie gevallestudies, nl. Suid-Afrika, Tanzania en Zambia uitrnaak. Hierdie kwalitatiewe informasie is omvorm na kwantitatiewe data, deur gebruik te maak van 'n skaal van een tot vyf vir sekere indikators van vohoubae bosbestuur (VBB). Die gemiddelde punt vir elke land vorm 'n woudbewaringsindeks (WBI), wat 'n omvatlende insig verskaf van die land se uitvoering van die bosbou- en bewaringsbeleid van ander hulpbronne. Suid-Afrika se WBI is beraam op 3, terwyl Tanzania en Zambia sa indekse elk tot 2 afgerond is. Siende dat Suid-Afrika se bosbou- en bewainqsoeleld van ander biologiese hulpbronne eers so onlangs as die middel- en laat 1990's in werking getree het, stel hierdie indeks voor dat die beleid sal lei tot VBB, onderhewig aan bevredigende uitvoering daarvan. Suid-Afrika het inderdaad 'n gepaste bosboubeleid, waarvan die regulerende meganismes toepaslik vermeng is met finensiele en raamwerk aansporings. Die oorkoepelende raamwerkwetgewing en beleid definieer bosboubeleid, terwyl oorkruisende beleidspunte dit versterk. Die land se uitvoering van interregerings- en intersektorale beleidkoordinasie, is egter swak, asook in die ekonomiesa waardering van sy natuurlike woudhulpbronne. Verder, is die formulering van Suid-Afrika se bosboubeleid nie gegrond op woudhulpbrondata wat op hoogte was nie. In teenstelling met die Suid-Afrikaanse geval, toon die indeksa van Tanzania en Zcrnbia die waCl'skynlikheid van onvomoubae bosbenutting en -bestuur. Hierdie lande se bestaande beleidvormingsprosasse vir bosbou en bewaring van ander hulpbronne, is eng-gebaseer en geslags-onsensitief, wat dit onpopulsr maak onder beleidgeaffekteerde en beleidverbonde insethouers. Hierdie ontoepaslike beleidspunte en stomp instrumente verdraai markte vir woudhulpbronne, d.i. skep situasies waarin voordele gedissosieer is van kostes, pryse van skaashed, regte van verantwoordelikhede en aksies van nagevolge. Beide bosboubeleidspunte en die leidingsinstrumente is nie gegrond op kontemporere woudhulpbrondata nie, d.w.s. hulle is nie rondom die kwessie gesentreer nie. Die lande se raamwerkwette het ook gefaal daarin om omgewingsimpakberamings, monitering en evaluering, intersektorale beleidkoordinering, deelnemende benaderings tot natuurlike hulpbronbestuur en plaaslike gemeenskappe sa eienaaskai van omgewingsbates, SODS grond en woudhulpbronne in te stel. Die administrasie van bosboubeleid verg bevoegde professionele en tegniese personeel. Sui-Afrika het voldoende menslike hulpbronne in die bosbousektor, hoewel dit voorkom of die personeel nie die nodige vaadiqhede het vir deelnemende bosbestuur vir die veligting van arnoede nie. Tanzanie het voldoende, maa oneffektiewe bosboupersoneel, wat 'n gebrek aan wetstoepassing en korrupsie tot gevolg het, terwyl Zambie 'n tekort het aan professionele personeel om die bestaande bosboubeleid te interpreteer en te implementeer. Die oneffektiwiteit en die gebrek aan professionele en tegniese personeel, onder andere, word gerefiekteer in die hoe tempo van ontbossing, wat beraam is op 91,000 ha/jaCl'vir Tenzenie en 851,000 ha/jaCl'vir Zembie. Anders as Suid-Afrika, faal beide Tanzanie en Zambia se sektorale beleidspunte daain om belange vir woudbewaring te kweek. Hierdie situasie word verder vererger deur die deurdringende gebrek aan intra- en intersektorale beleidkoordinering onder afdelings en departemente van biologiese hulpbronbewaring. Die verband tussen Suid-Afrika se bosbou- en bewaringsbeleid van ander hulpbronne word toegeskryf aan die skaarsheid van natuurlike woude in die land. Ongeveer 7.0% van die Suid-Afrikaanse landskap is bedek met woude, terwyl Tanzanie en Zambia onderskeidelik 37% en 42% bedek is. Verlaagde voorraad van woude, gepaard met die toenemende vraag na woudhulpbronne, het tot gevolg dat die waade van woudhulpbronne styg. Natuurlik is daar 'n groter behoefte vir die woud-arm Suid-Afrika om verstandige bewaingsbeleid na te streef om sy beperkte woude te beskerm as Tanzanie en Zambie, waa hulle regerings hul onderskeie ge\Yeldigegrond en woudhulpbronne behandel as 'n veiligheidsklep vir ekonomiese ontbering, sonder voldoende belegging in VBB. As opsomming, is die benutting en bestuur van woudhulpbronne in Tanzania en Zambia met mark- en beleidsmislukking besaai. Dit word beoog dat die geleenthede en beperkinge wat met elke mark- en beleidsmislukking ge'identifiseer is, toekomstige bosbou en verwante beleidvormingsproses kan inlig, nie net in die betrokke lande nie, maar ook in ander Afrika lande wat soortgelyke woudbewarings probleme ondervind.
Ndlovu, Nomzamo Bonisiwe. "Quantifying indigenous forest change in Dukuduku from 1960 to 2008 using GIS and remote sensing techniques to support sustainable forest management planning." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85622.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aimed to understand how Dukuduku Forest in Kwa-Zulu Natal has changed from 1960 to 2008 and whether the change in political regimes, during and post apartheid eras might have contributed to changes in forest extent. To achieve the aims, the following analyses were made: - Qualitative and quantitative spatial analyses of forest change; - Analyses of the correspondence of change with political changes in the country; - Assessment of perception of people living in the Dukuduku forest area. The Dukuduku land cover was mapped from aerial photos using ArcGIS 9.3 to determine whether or not there has been a significant change in the area from 1960-2008, in response to resource use pressures and to come up with the strategic sustainable management plan from the results found. Five aerial photographs were used to determine the changes in land cover from the year: 1960, 1970, 1992, 2005 and 2008. The Land cover types were classified into four classes, Indigenous Forests, Plantation Forests, Water Bodies and Other (open areas, cultivated land, and all the human disturbed and transformed land). The percentage of cover per class was compared across the years to determine overall change in land cover and the rate of change per year was also calculated. The results from the study showed that: - Natural Forest increased by 11% (700 ha), at the rate of 20.56 hectares per year between 1960 and 1992, which is the apartheid era. Between 1992 and 2008, the democratic era, the forest decreased by 34.4% (2472.31ha), at the rate of 168 hectares per year. - The Dukuduku forest community gains resources (timber and grass for construction, art, firewood, medicinal plants, grazing of livestock and food) from the forest. The people are willing to contribute in protecting the forest only if the governing authorities would include them in decisions made, as the NFA demands Participatory Forest Management, but which does not currently exist in Dukuduku.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die verandering van die Dukuduku woud in Kwa-Zulu Natal vanaf 1960 tot 2008, en vernaamlik of die verandering in politieke regimes tydens en in die postapartheid eras tot verandering bygedra het in die woud se vorm. Om hierdie doelwitte te breik is die volgende analises gedoen: - Kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe ruimtelike analises van woudverandering; - Analises van die korrelasie tussen hierdie fisiese omgewingsverandering en politieke verandering in die land; - Analise van die persepsie van mense wat in die Dukuduku woudgebied woon. Die Dukuduku gronddekking is gekarteer met behulp van lugfotos, waarvoor ArcGIS 9.3 gebruik is om te bepaal of daar noemenswaardige verandering in die gebied plaasgevind het van 1960 tot 2008, in reaksie op hulpbrongebruike, en om ‘n volhoubare bestuursplan gestel voor wat op die bevindinge gebaseer is. Vyf lugfotos is gebruik om verandering in gronddekking te bepaal vir die jare: 1960, 1970, 1992, 2005 en 2008. Die Gronddekking tipes is geklassifiseer in vier klasse naamlik Inheemse Woude, Plantasiebosse, Waterliggame en Ander (oop gebiede, landerye en al die mens-versteurde en getransfomeerde gebiede). Die persentasie van elke dekkingsklas is oor die jare vergelyk om die verandering in algehele grond-dekking te bepaal, en die tempo van verandering is ook bepaal, asook die tempo van verandering. Die resultate van die studie wys dat: - Die natuurlike woud toegeneem het met 11% (700 ha), teen ‘n tempo van 20.56 hektaar per jaar tussen 1960 en 1992, tgedurende die apartheidsera. Tussen 1992 en 2008, die demokratiese era, het die woude verminder met 34.4% (2472.31 ha), teen ‘n tempo van 168 hektaar per jaar. - Die gemeenskap wat in die Dukuduku woud woon verkry hulpbronne van die woud (hout en gras vir konstruksie, kuns, brandhout, medisinale plante, weiding vir vee, en voedsel). Die mense is gewillig om by te dra tot beskerming van die woud indien die owerhede hulle sou betrek in besluite wat geneem word, veral omdat die nasionale Wet op Bosse voorsiening maak vir Deelnemende Bosbestuur, wat tans nie by Dukuduku gebeur nie.
Swift, Davron. "Balancing legislative and contractual obligations with government policy objectives and the commercial and economic sustainability of the Amathole Forestry Company (Pty.) LTD: a community benefit model designed for implementation by Amathole Forestry Company (Pty) Ltd." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3185.
Повний текст джерелаHysing, Erik. "Governing towards sustainability : environmental governance and policy change in Swedish forestry and transport." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-9030.
Повний текст джерелаTuryahabwe, Nelson. "Local capacity to manage forestry resources under a decentralised system of governance : the case of Uganda." Thesis, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1321.
Повний текст джерелаThis study aims at examining technical and institutional capacity in local organisations to manage decentralised forest resources in Uganda. Specifically the study assessed the roles, responsibilities, powers and legal instruments, incentives, facilities and human and fiscal resources of local organisations to undertake decentralised forest governance. Semistructured and key informant interviews were conducted in local organisations and legal and policy documents reviewed to ascertain strategies for implementing decentralised forestry. An inventory of selected forests was conducted to assess effect of decentralisation policy on the condition of forests in Uganda. Chi-square tests were used to show the factors that motivate local organisations to participate in decentralised forest governance. Tree species diversity and richness, density, diameter at breast height and basal area and sings of human disturbance were used to compare the condition of forests under local government and those under private and central government ownership. Similarity between the forests was assessed using a Two Way INdicator SPecies Analysis, while the differences in the composition and structural characteristics of trees among forest ownership categories were compared by oneway analysis of variance. Multiple regression analysis was used to show the influence of household pressure, forest size, the distance of the forest from roads and forest administrative office, and the market demand of the forest produce on the capacity of forest agencies to regulate timber harvesting. The findings reveals that local organisations supported devolved forest management functions such as forest monitoring, tree planting, environmental education, networking, collaborative and integrated planning, resource mobilisation and formulation of byelaws. The role of forestry in the livelihoods of the people, the desire to control forest degradation and access to forest revenue, donor and central government fiscal support were the most important incentives in decentralised forest management. However, limited capacity in terms of qualified staff, funds, facilities and equipment and inadequate decision-making powers over fiscal resources from forestry, inequitable distribution of forest revenue and unclear forest and tree tenure hindered decentralised forest management. The diversity and richness indices, density, diameter at breast height and basal area of trees were significantly higher in central forest reserves, intermediate in private and lower in local forest reserves. The frequency of human disturbances was significantly higher in local forest reserves than in private and central forest reserves. The variation in composition and structure of the local forest reserves is partly attributed to human disturbances. The capacity of the forest agencies to regulate forest resources use in the Mpigi forests was significantly affected by the size of forest, and its location in relation to the well-maintained roads, forest administrative office and the number of households in close proximity and the market demand of the forest produce. Large forests in close proximity to densely populated areas and far a way from roads and the forest administrative office were more affected by timber harvesting. The results demonstrated that local governments are not yet efficient in monitoring and regulating forest use and maintaining the condition of forests in Uganda. Local organisations need to play an increased role in the implementation of the Forest Policy, the National Forestry and Tree Planting and the Local Government Acts for successful decentralisation of forest management and to recruit more technical staff, strengthen internal sources of revenue and develop integrated forestry work plans. There is also a need for the central government to integrate and co-ordinate local and central interests, and facilitate a working relationship with local governments, civil society and the private sector involved in forestry. Forest owners and managers in the Mpigi forests and Ugandaâ s tropical forests in general need to manage human impacts so as to balance utilisation and conservation forest resources. There is need for longterm studies to fully understand the real significance of ownership on the composition and structure of the Mpigi forests and forests in other districts of Uganda.
Masutha, Takalani (Takalani Henry). "Community forestry and rural livelihoods : a case study of the contribution of natural resources to livelihoods of rural communities in the Northern Province, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52738.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Government of South Africa is faced with a mammoth task of redressing the imbalances of the past apartheid policies in the rural areas of the country. The Government has developed policies and programmes aimed at alleviating poverty in these areas. The Government has also realised the vital role that natural resources play in the livelihoods of rural people. The vision of Community Forestry as stated in the Forestry White Paper (GOSA, 1996), is to contribute to social and economic upliftment of all people, especially those in the rural areas, by promoting the sustainable utilisation of natural resources. The study was conducted in three rural villages in the Northern Province of South Africa. The three villages were chosen because of their closeness to the Kruger National Park, their remoteness and lack of infrastructure that could provide employment to the villagers. The villages were investigated using Rapid Rural Appraisal techniques and semi structured interviews with households and key-informants. The study reports on the pattern and structure of livelihoods and institutions that govern access to and control of natural resources in the woodlands that surround the three villages. It reports on the vital contribution that natural resources generate to livelihoods of the village communities by providing goods for fuel, shelter, food and medicines which are unavailable or unaffordable elsewhere for many households. The study also reports on the decline in the dependency of the communities on natural resources and the lack of cooperation between village communities and the Kruger National Park authorities, which may lead to serious management problems in the area. Lastly, recommendations based on the study findings, that may bring about possible economic and social upliftment of the communities in the three villages are put forward.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid Afrikaanse Regering staan voor die reuse taak om ongelykhede wat in die verlede onder die apartheids beleid in die landelike gebiede van die land tot stand gekom het, te herstel. Die huidige Regering het 'n beleids en programstelsel ontwikkel met die doelom armoede in die gebiede te verlig. Verder het 'n besef ontwikkel van die integrale rol wat natuurlike hulpbronne in die lewensonderhoud van mense uit landelike gebiede speel. Die visie van gemeenskaps bosbou, soos uiteengesit in die Forestry White Paper (GO SA, 1996), is om deur middel van die bevordering van volhoubare gebruik van natuurlike hulpbronne, 'n bydrae te lewer tot die sosiale en ekonomiese opheffing van alle mense, maar spesifiek die in landelike gebiede. Die studie is uitgevoer in drie landelike dorpies in die Noordelike Provinsie van Suid-Afrika. Die spesifieke dorpies is gekies a.g.v. beide hulle nabyheid aan die Nasionale Kruger Wildtuin sowel as hul afsondering en tekort aan infrastruktuur, wat werksgelenthede aan die inwoners kan verskaf. Die dorpies is bestudeer m.b.v. die Rapid Rural Appraisal tegniek en semigestruktureerde onderhoude met huishoudings en sleutel-informante. Deur middel van die studie word verslag gelewer op die lewensonderhouds patroon en strukture van huishoudings, sowel as die instellings wat toegang tot en gebruik van natuurlike hulpbronne beheer in die boslande rondom die drie dorpies. Dit dui die lewensbelangrike ondersteuning wat natuurlike hulpbronne aan huishoudings in die gemeenskap verskaf aan. Die ondersteuning word gevind in die vorm van materiaal vir vuurmaakhout, skuiling, kos en medisyne wat elders onbeskikbaar of onbekostigbaar is vir baie huishoudings. Verder word verslag gelewer oor die dalende afhanklikheid van gemeenskappe van hierdie natuurlike hulpbronne en die tekort aan samewerking tussen dorpsgemeenskappe en die bestuur van die Nasional Kruger Wildtuin. Dit mag wel tot bestuursprobleme in die nabye toekoms lei. Laastens word voorstelle, gebaseer op die bevindinge soos bespreek in die studie, gemaak wat mag lei tot die moontlike sosiale en ekonomiese opheffing van die gemeenskappe in die drie dorpies.
Beland, Lindahl Karin. "Frame analysis, place perceptions and the politics of natural resource management : exploring a forest policy controversy in Sweden /." Uppsala : Dept. of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200860.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNtili, Tseliso Paul. "Sustainable governance management systems: a practical approach for Water Boards in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9185.
Повний текст джерелаGuo, Jia, and 果佳. "Policy learning and policy implementation in China: a case study of the Grain for Green project." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45154624.
Повний текст джерелаMüller, Suzana Simão. "Brazil in the world trade of forest products export performance and government policy from 1961 to 1989 /." Madison, WI, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29809221.html.
Повний текст джерелаRusli, Yetti. "The Indonesian plywood industry, environmental conservation policy, and the long-run market adjustment /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5547.
Повний текст джерелаWibowo, D. H. "An economic analysis of deforestation mechanisms in Indonesia : empirics and theory based on stochastic differential and fokker-planck equations /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 1999. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16272.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMasuku, Sipho Sikhumbuzo. "Socio-economic, cultural and policy issues impacting on community forestry development : a case study of Hlabisa district in Kwazulu-Natal." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/818.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Yujiao. "An analysis of the employment impact of stumpage price increase policy in B.C. /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5592.
Повний текст джерелаRapera, Corazon L. "Potential impacts of various capital gains tax structures on forest investments." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135205/.
Повний текст джерелаBush, Glenn K. "The economic value of Albertine Rift Forests : applications in policy and programming." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2309.
Повний текст джерелаTucker, Catherine May 1961. "The political ecology of a Lenca Indian community in Honduras: Communal forests, state policy, and processes of transformation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290609.
Повний текст джерелаNascimento, Marcelo T. "A monodominant rain forest on Maraca Island, Roraima, Brazil : forest structure and dynamics." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21893.
Повний текст джерелаAxelsson, Robert. "Forest policy, continuous tree cover forest and uneven-aged forest management in Sweden's boreal forest /." Uppsala : Institutionen för skogens produkter, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/10947312.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHogan, Anthony David. "Australia's native forest and rainforest timber usage and the plantation strategy alternative /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh714.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMakano, Rosemary Fumpa. "Does institutional capacity matter? a case study of the Zambian Forestry Department /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2008. http://etd.umsl.edu/r3321.
Повний текст джерелаFalcao, Mario Paulo Pereira da Silva. "Policy impact on stakeholder benefits and resource use and conservation in Mozambique : the case study of Moflor Forest Concession Area and Pindanganga Community Area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50420.
Повний текст джерелаSome digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the hard copy.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A case study in miombo woodlands was carried out in Pindanganga and MOFLOR forest concession, Gondola and Dondo Districts respectively, in the centre of Mozambique, to analyse the impact of alternative forest management regimes and sectoral and extra sectoral policies on the well being of stakeholders and conservation of the woodlands. A system dynamics model, MIOMBOSIM, based on game theory and implemented in POWERSIM was developed. The analysis is based on a simulation model of the fluctuation over time of the human population, forest dynamics, harvesting costs of the private sector, household consumption, commercial outputs and prices (timber, charcoal, non timber forest products and domestic animals), using data from field surveys and the literature. It also simulated the effects over time of changes in charcoal production efficiency, sales amount and marketing prices of NTFPs, agricultural output prices, off-miombo greater employment availability and a combination between the changes (simultaneous increase in marketing prices ofNTFPs and agricultural output prices, simultaneous increase in charcoal production efficiency and agricultural output prices, and simultaneous increase in off-miombo greater employment availability and agricultural output prices). The modelling approach chosen allows to evaluate management regimes taking into account the different stakeholder interests, which are often conflicting. This study shows that improvement in the well being of stakeholders and resource conservation can be achieved with sound forest management practices. There is no management regime capable of fully satisfying the goals of the stakeholders. The cooperative management option is potentially beneficial to local communities if properly implemented and can improve the rural livelihoods and the woodland resources condition. It also shows that regulated forest management regimes incorporating social concerns or incorporating social and environmental concerns are potentially more beneficial to the household sector than the open access regime. Results found in the study show that an increase by 10% and 30% on charcoal production efficiency can lead to an increase in the per capita benefits of the household sector by 3.0 to more than 100%, but can not reach the poverty line (one dollar per day per person). An increase by 100% in the sales amount or 100% increase in market selling prices of NTFPs can lead to an increase in the per capita benefits of the household sector. An increase in agricultural output selling prices by 25% without any other incentive leads to agricultural expansion. An increase by 100% in off-miembo employment opportunities in the study areas has an insignificant impact on resource use and conservation for the local communities due to the very low employment opportunities currently in place (0.008% in Pindanganga and 0.005% in MOFLOR area). A combination of these two policies instruments under ceteris paribus condition can improve the well being of the rural communities depending on the management regime option, but can not reach the poverty line (one dollar per day per person). The ranking of the management regime can change depending on the policy instrument applied.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Gevalle-studie is in Miombo boomveld in Pindanganga en MOFLOR, onderskeidelik in die Gondola en Dondo Distrikte in die sentrale deel van Mosambiek, uitgevoer om die impak van alternatiewe bosbestuursisteme en sektorale en ekstra-sektorale beleide op die welstand van belanghebbendes (stakeholders) en bewaring van die boomveld te ontleed. 'n Sisteem-dinamika model, MIOMBOSIM, gebaseer op spel teorie (game theory) en ge-implementeer in POWERSIM, was ontwikkel. Die analise is gebaseer op 'n simulasie-model van die fluktuasie oor tyd van die plaaslike bevolking, bosdinamika, oestingskostes van die private sektor, huishoudelike verbruik, kommersiële uitsette en pryse (hout, houtskool, nie-hout produkte en huishoudelike diere), deur data van veldopnames en uit die literatuur te gebruik. Die invloede oor tyd in veranderinge in effektiwiteit van houtskoolproduksie, verkoopsvlakke en markpryse van nie-hout produkte, landbou uitsetpryse, beskikbare indiensneming buite die Miombo boomveldgebiede, en 'n kombinasie tussen die veranderinge, is ook gesimuleer. Die gekose modelleringsbenadering het dit moontlik gemaak om die bosbestuursisteme te evalueer met inagneming van die verskillende en dikwels teenstrydige behoeftes van die belanghebbendes. Die studie het getoon dat verbetering In die welstand van die belanghebbendes en hulpbronbewaring bereik kan word met gesonde bosbestuurspraktyke. Geeneen van die bosbestuursisteme kan die doelwitte van die belanghebbendes ten volle bevredig nie. Die kooperatiewe bestuursopsie is potensieel voordelig vir die plaaslike gemeeskappe indien behoorlik ge-implementeer, en kan die landelike lewensbestaan sowel as die toestand van die boomveld as hulpbron verbeter. Gereguleerde bosbestuursisteme wat sosiale belange of sosialeomgewingsbelange insluit, is potensieel meer voordelig vir die huishoudelike sektor as die vrye toegangsisteem (open access regime). Resultate van die studie het getoon dat 'n toename van onderskeidelik 10% and 30% in effektiwiteit van houtskoolproduksie kan lei tot 'n toename in per kapita voordele van die huishoudelike sektor van 3.0% tot meer as 100%, maar kan nie lei tot 'n vebetering bokant die armoedevlak nie (een VSA doller per dag per persoon). 'n Toename van 100% in die hoeveelheid verkope of 'n 100% toename in die markverkoopsprys van nie-hout produkte kan lei tot 'n toename in die per kapita voordele van die huishoudelike sektor. 'n Toename in die landbou uitsetverkoopspryse met 25% sonder enige ander insentiewe lei tot landbou-uitbreiding. 'n 100% Toename in indiensnemingsgeleenthede buite die Miombo boomveldgebiede in die studiegebiede het onbeduidende impakte op hulpbrongebruik en bewaring vir die plaaslike gemeenskappe as gevolg van baie lae huidige indiensnemingsgeleenthede (0.008% in Pindanganga en 0.005% in MOFLOR). 'n Kombinasie van die twee beleidsinstrumente onder toestande van ceteris paribus kan die welstand van die landelike gemeenskappe verbeter afhangende van die bestuursisteemopsie, maar kan nie die armoedsvlak oorskry nie (een VSA doller per dag per persoon). Die rangorde van die bestuursisteem kan verander afhangende van watter beleidsinstrument toegepas word.
Gottesman, Aviva Joy. "Regeneration responses to management for old-growth characteristics in northern hardwood-conifer forests." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/681.
Повний текст джерелаMoombe, Kaala Bweembelo. "Analysis of the market structures and systems for indigenous fruit trees: the case for Uapaca Kirkiana in Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2652.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is about marketing of Uapaca kirkiana fruit in Zambia, a fruit that has great economic value especially among the rural and urban poor. It contributes to general food security. In southern Africa, farmers and other stakeholders have identified Uapaca as a priority species for domestication. Current agroforestry initiatives are promoting integration of indigenous trees into farming systems to provide marketable products for income generation. Domestication of trees however, depends on expanding the market demand for tree products. There is considerable evidence that expanding market opportunities is critical for the success of domestication innovations but farmers have been introduced to domestication with little consideration for marketing. The existing market potential can be achieved through sound knowledge on markets and marketing. Information on the marketing of Uapaca fruit is inadequate. This study, therefore, aimed at generating information on the marketing of Uapaca kirkiana fruit, including the basic conditions of demand and supply of the fruit. The main study was conducted in Chipata and Ndola districts in the Eastern and Copperbelt provinces respectively, while fruit pricing was conducted in Lusaka district in Lusaka Province. Questionnaires and participatory research methods were used to collect the data. A total of 37 markets involving 49 collectors, 59 retailers, 189 consumers and 20 government forest workers are included in the study. The study reveals that there is demand for the fresh and secondary products of the fruit and hence substantial fruit trading exists in Zambia. However, the marketing system is characterised by underdevelopment. There is insufficient capacity to satisfy the demand for the fruit and institutional /policy support to Uapaca fruit market expansion. Currently, only basic technology for product development exists. The results suggest a need to address policy and capacity development for expansion of Uapaca kirkiana fruit industry. To improve the Uapaca trade industry, the study proposes developing and scaling up policy strategies, fruit processing sector, research-extension-trader-agribusiness linkages, infrastructure development and knowledge generation for improved understanding of the Uapaca fruit markets.
Bilka, Monica Nicole. "The Klamath's path after termination." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12312008-141310/.
Повний текст джерелаJorgensen, Carl Arik. "The Effects of Spruce Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) on Fuels and Fire in Intermountain Spruce-Fir Forests." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/646.
Повний текст джерелаNicholls, Stephen John. "The effect of South African provincial road condition on the efficiency of forest product transport." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50146.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The context of the study is concern over declining provincial road condition due to insufficient government funding of road maintenance. These roads are by their public nature used by a wide variety of commercial and private interests contributing a variety of axle loads. There was no information available on the use of these roads by forest companies and the road conditions. Consequently a survey was conducted to determine condition and length of each segment of provincial road in use by forestry companies and the volume of wood transported over them. In addition data was gathered on other users and their contribution to the volume transported over each section. The questionnaire indicated that the provincial roads are in a poor state. The literature review suggested a significant reduction in total cost of transport can be achieved by maintaining or rebuilding these roads. South African forest companies provide the majority of the heaviest axle loading to these roads and must theretore take responsibility tor damage caused to them. Also a variety of forest companies use the same roads and consequently collaborative studies between companies are needed. A modified Dijkstra's algorithm was used to quantify the effect of the condition of South African provincial roads on the efficiency of the transport ottorest products. The model requires digitised raster road and forest map layers combined with transport vehicle specification as input. The products of the model are optimum routes from all source points to a single exit point or sink, the total volume transported across all road nodes and the total cost to extract all wood from a map section. This output allows managers to identify critical roads tor management attention and make tentative estimates of possible reductions to total cost by altering the road condition. The manager is able to test the sensitivity of the solution to changes in variables and gain a better overall picture of the interactions within the system. The model results, and improved understanding, will provide input to more specific and collaborative studies. South African forest managers can respond to the poor provincial road network by conducting ad hue maintenance to these roads to prevent them becoming completely impassable or to rebuild them to their design state and maintain them at that state. The cost of taking no actions is that these roads would eventually become impassable. The road network model determined that, for the study area, a unilateral decision to rebuild and maintain all roads would result in a net increase in transport costs ofR 2 million/year. When compared to the cost of ad hue road improvements for the same area of R 8 million it is obvious that proper road management is a better option. It was shown that 75% of the reduction in total cost is generated by improving only 31 % of the provincial road surface. Consequently, by improving selected roads (20% of the total provincial road network for the area) it was possible to generate a net cost R 2.9 million lower than if the roads were left as they are. If reductions in operating costs are included the net cost to the forest industry is R 3.1 million/year lower than leaving the roads as they are. In addition to the cost being lower, an improved road network would be in place and the current ad hue spending would be unnecessary. On a larger scale it was estimated that poor provincial road management costs the industry as a whole R 26 million or R 1.52/m3/year. This money can be used to offset the costs of maintaining and upgrading roads. It is therefore concluded that the South African forest industry needs to assess its policy on provincial road management and become more active in the managing of these roads. The tool developed and presented is intended as a prototype decision support tool in developing future policies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die inhoud van hierdie studie handelaar die verval van provinsiale paaie as gevolg van die regering se onvoldoende fondse vir die instandhouding van die paaie. Hierdie paaie word as gevolg van hulle publieke aard deur 'n wye verskeidenheid kommersiële en private belange gebruik, wat bydra tot 'n verskeidenheid van asladings. Daar was geen inligting oor die bosbou maatskappye se gebruik van paaie of die toestand van die paaie beskikbaar nie. Gevolglik is 'n opname gemaak 0111 die kondisie en lengte van elke segment van die paaie wat deur die bosbou maatskappye gebruik word, vas te stel, asook die volume hout wat oor die paaie vervoer word. Data oor ander verbruikers van die paaie is verder ingesamel, asook hul bydrae tot die volume wat oor die paaie vervoer word. Die vraelys het aangedui dat die provinsiale paaie in 'n baie swak toestand is. 'n Literatuurstudie het getoon dat 'n beduidende daling in die totale vervoerkoste moontlik is deur hierdie paaie te onderhou afoor te bou. Die Suid-Afrikaanse bosbou maatskappye voorsien die meerderheid van die swaarste asladings op hierdie paaie en moet dus verantwoordelikheid neem vir beskadigde paaie, 'n Verskeidenheid bosbou maatskappye gebruik die paaie; gevolglik is gesamentlike studies tussen die maatskappye ook nodig. 'n Aangepaste Dijkstra algoritme is gebruik om die effek van die toestand van Suid- Afrikaanse provinsiale paaie op die effektiwiteit van die vervoer van bosbou produkte, vas te stel. Hierdie model benodig digitale inligting oor die hoofen bosbou paaie, asook die spesifikasies van die voertuie wat gebruik word. Die resultaat van die model is die optimale roetes vanaf alle bronpunt oorspronge tot by 'n enkele bestemming, die totale volume vervoer oor al die padnodusse en die totale koste verbonde aan die verwydering van alle hout uit 'n afgemerkte seksie op die kaart. Hierdie produk of result ate stel bestuurders in staat 0111 kritieke paaie vir aandag te identitiseer en om tentatiewe voorspellings van moontlike afname in die totale kostes te maak indien die toestande van paaie verbeter sou word. Die bestuurder kan die sensitiwiteit van die oplossing vir variasie in die veranderlikes toets en sodoende 'n beter geheelbeeld kry van die interaksie binne die sisteem. Die resultate van die model en n beter begrip daarvan, kan insterte lewer in meer spesitieke studies en gesamentlike studies tussen maatskappye. Suid Afrikaanse bosbou bestuurders kan teen die swak provinsiale padnetwerk optree deur ad hoc instandhouding toe te pas op hierdie paaie om te voorkom dat hulle totaal en alonbegaanbaar word. Ofhulle kan die paaie restoureer tot hul oorspronklike toestand en hulle dan in stand hou. Die kostes daaraan verbonde om nie op te tree nie, is dat hierdie paaie uiteindelik on-gaanbaar sal word. Die padnetwerkmodel het gewys dat vir die spesitieke studie area, 'n eenparige besluit 0111 alle paaie te herbou en onderhou, 'n algehele toename in vervoerkostes van R2 miljoen/jaar tot gevolg sal hê. Wanneer dit vergelyk word met die R8 miljoen wat die ad hoc padverbeterings kos, is dit duidelik dat geskikte padbestuur 'n beter opsie is. Daar is bewys dat 75% van die daling in totale kostes genereer kan word deur verbeteringe aan die oppervlaktes van slegs 31% van die provinsiale paaie te maak. Gevolglik was dit moontlik om netto kostes van R2,9 miljoen ruinder te genereer as vanneer geen instandhouding gedoen is nie. Dit is bewerkstellig deur verbeteringe aan geselekteerde paaie aante bring (20% van die totale provinsiale padnetwerk vir die area.) As die daling in bedryfskoste ingesluit is, sal die netto koste vir die bedryf R3.1 millioen/jaar ruinder wees as om die paaie so te los sonder enige aandag. Verder, tot laer koste sal daar 'n verbeterde pad netwerk in plek wees en die huidige ad hoc spandeering aan die paaie nie meer nodig wees nie. Op groot skaal, is die benaderd voorspelling dat 'n swak provinsialepadbestuurstelsel die bosbou bedryf R26 millioen of R 1.52/m3 uit die sakjaag. Hiedie misbruikde geld kan eerder teruggeploeg word in pad onderhoud en opgradeerings werksaamhede. Dit is dus nodig dat die bosbou bedryf sy beleid weer in oonskou moet neem in verband met die bestuur van provinsiale paaie en ook meer aktief die voortou sal moet neem in die instandhoudind van provinsiale paaie. Die metodiek hier ontwikkel kan 'n inleidende doel dien in die ontwikkeling van toekoemstige besluit neeming rakend die bestuur van provinsiale paaie.
Uliczka, Helen. "Forest biodiversity maintenance : instruments and indicators in the policy implementation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Conservation Biology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s291.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKısa, Ahmet Aktel Mehmet. "Türkiye'deki sivil toplum kuruluşlarının çevre ve ormancılık politikalarındaki yeri /." Isparta : SDÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2008. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TS00652.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNaidoo, Merle. "A situational analysis on the public participation processes in integrated water resources management in the Kat River Valley, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005530.
Повний текст джерелаSherry, John William. "Systems of arrogance: Technology and the work of Navajo resistance." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187442.
Повний текст джерелаBrisson, Carl. "Discours, législations et pratiques de la gestion polyvalente des milieux forestiers publics sagamiens, 1960-1994 /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Groupe de recherche et d'intervention régionales, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Повний текст джерелаGonçalves, Bruno Villaça. "Relações socioambientais na recuperação florestal da sub-bacia hidrográfica do Rio Poxim, Sergipe." Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4168.
Повний текст джерелаNo estado de Sergipe a área remanescente de Mata Atlântica está estimada em aproximadamente 9% de sua área original. Dentre as áreas de vegetação mais impactadas estão as nascentes e matas ciliares dos rios. Neste sentido, algumas ações vêm sendo desenvolvidas como forma de reverter esse quadro de degradação, como políticas públicas e projetos de recuperação florestal. Dentre tais ações, situa-se o Programa Preservando Nascentes e Municípios, a partir do qual foi desenvolvido o projeto de recuperação florestal da sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Poxim. Nesse contexto, faz-se de suma importância compreender de que forma estas ações vem sendo realizadas, como se dá a participação social e qual a percepção dos diferentes atores sociais envolvidos, buscando refletir sobre a eficácia que tais ações possuem a médio e longo prazo. A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar a participação social no processo de recuperação florestal na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Poxim. Para tanto foram traçados os seguintes objetivos específicos: (1) Compreender como ocorreu o processo histórico de recuperação florestal no estado de Sergipe e qual o contexto atual; (2) Compreender as concepções e identificar as atuações das instituições referentes a recuperação florestal em Sergipe; (3) Analisar de que forma são desenvolvidas tais ações e como se dá o envolvimento e a percepção ambiental dos produtores rurais; (4) Compreender quais aspectos contribuem ou dificultam a participação dos produtores rurais nas ações de recuperação florestal. Foram realizadas 12 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com representantes de instituições e 11 com produtores rurais envolvidos nas ações de recuperação florestal. Tais entrevistas foram analisadas com base em fontes secundárias, como documentos oficiais e bibliografia, no caso das instituições; e com base na metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), no caso dos produtores rurais. Os resultados indicam três níveis de participação: funcional, por incentivos e passividade, o que indica a necessidade de se reformular a proposta de envolvimento e participação social nos projetos. Dentre as demandas, destaca-se a necessidade de se conciliar questões produtivas com a recuperação florestal. Com relação ao aspecto institucional, constata-se a demanda pelo fortalecimento de um arranjo institucional, que contribua para o financiamento, planejamento a médio e longo prazo, e criação de políticas públicas e instrumentos que fomentem a recuperação florestal no estado de Sergipe.
Sergent, Arnaud. "La politique forestière en mutation : une sociologie politique du rapport secteur - territoire." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833235.
Повний текст джерелаFanstone, Ben Paul. "The pursuit of the 'good forest' in Kenya, c.1890-1963 : the history of the contested development of state forestry within a colonial settler state." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25290.
Повний текст джерелаBanjade, Mani Ram. "Deliberative governance and community forestry in Nepal." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155742.
Повний текст джерелаSingh, Sarinda. "A state of uncertainty : interpretations of forests and wildlife in Laos." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150869.
Повний текст джерелаDano, Maria Noelyn. "Environmental governance for ecological and human wellbeing : cases of forest protected areas in the Philippines." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146010.
Повний текст джерелаResosudarmo, Ida Aju Njoman Pradnja Dharma Nirwani. "Has Indonesia's decentralisation led to improved forestry governance? : A case study of Bulungan and Kutai Barat districts, East Kalimantan." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109838.
Повний текст джерелаFeary, Suzanne Adele. "Chainsaw dreaming : Indigenous Australians and the forest sector." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151174.
Повний текст джерелаMorawski, Edward Roger. "Policy sector convergence: an examination of aboriginal politics and forestry policy in British Columbia." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4021.
Повний текст джерелаEsguerra, Emmanuel M. "Forests, people and Palawan : the challenges of implementing the Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) law." Phd thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147993.
Повний текст джерелаMuttaqin, Muhammad Zahrul. "Designing payments for environmental services (PES) to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155792.
Повний текст джерелаMohd, Rusli bin. "Rainforest policies and U.S. NGOs organization, policy positions, and tactics of influence /." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33026520.html.
Повний текст джерелаTibbets, Ashlee. "Implications of the 2008 Lacey Act amendments : insights from the wood products industry." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/26108.
Повний текст джерелаGraduation date: 2012
Thobejane, Matsebe Jerry. "Evaluation of the role of stakeholders in the development of the Water Resource Classification System policy." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11016.
Повний текст джерела“Water will be the scarce resources in the 21st century.” This vision was brought to the South African Government’s attention after the Water Research Commission (WRC) conducted extensive research as illustrated in the WRC’s Annual report for 2007/8. According to the WRC, the research aimed to enlighten decision and policy makers to take precautionary measures that will help guarantee that water resources are “protected, used, developed, conserved, and managed in a sustainable manner”. Hence, the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) has started developing the Water Resource Classification System to mitigate the anticipated challenge envisioned. Among others, the WRC’s findings guided the development of this policy. On the other hand, the South African Constitution, 1996 states that, “people have the right to environment which is not harmful to the citizen”. Other legislation, such as the National Environmental Management Act (1998), the National Water Act, 1998 and the Water Services Act, 1997 echoed the same sentiment. The National Water Act, 1998 served as basis for a National Water Resources Strategy as a framework to guide the entire Water Resource Classification System policy process (Chapter 2: Part 1 of the National Water Act, 1998. Section 195 (e) of the South African Constitution, 1996, highlights that “people’s needs must be responded to, and the public must be encouraged to participate in the policy making”. Thus, the role of stakeholder participation in the DWAF Water Resource Classification System (WRCS) was chosen as a topic for investigation to inform policy makers as well as to identify policy defects. The research project aimed to evaluate the level of stakeholder participation in developing policy, as well as identifying and assessing the nature, influence and levels of their participation. It was established that broad stakeholder participation was a critical success factor during this policy development process. However, the WRCS was finalised based only on the information gathered from a few stakeholders. It should be noted that when water classification was undertaken the environmental issues were considered in such a way that the classification process does not in one way or another compromise the environment in general and is not detrimental to ecosystems in particular. According to the National Water Act, 1998, water is classified in three categories, namely minimally, moderately and heavily. In other countries water is treated as just another natural resource, but in South Africa water is treated as government’s scarce resource. This study investigated the importance of stakeholder participation as a key to policy development in a democratic state and concluded that better participation would have enhanced citizen ownership and shaping the policy concerned.
Stevens, Susan Kay. "Forestry investment environmental politics in Indonesia /." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19640170.html.
Повний текст джерелаKaetzel, Brandon Russell. "Landowner decisions and motivations on the Tennessee northern Cumberland Plateau willingness to participate in government assistance programs and reasons for owning woodland /." 2008. http://etd.utk.edu/August2008MastersTheses/KaetzelBrandonRussell.pdf.
Повний текст джерела