Дисертації з теми "Forestieri"
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Fritzbøger, Bo. ""A windfall for the magnates" : the development of woodland ownership in Denmark, c. 1150-1830 /." Odense : University Press of Southern Denmark, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39977154h.
Повний текст джерелаGarrier, Claude. "Forêt et institutions ivoiriennes : thèse pour le doctorat en droit présentée et soutenue publiquement le vendredi 24 février 1995 /." [Paris] : [s.n.], 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371618753.
Повний текст джерелаKulhánková-Kubartová, Ariana Berthelin Jacques Ranger Jacques Santrucková Hana. "Effet des essences forestières sur la diversité des décomposeurs étude du site atelier de Breuil (Bourgogne, France) /." S. l. : S. l. : Nancy 1 ; Charles University, Prague, 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0142_KULHANKOVA.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLalanne, Arnault. "Système sylvicole, exploitation forestière : impacts respectifs sur l'état de conservation d'habitats forestiers planitiaires atlantiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0009.
Повний текст джерелаThe European “Habitats” directive urges EU state members to evaluate the state of conservation of their habitats listed in the Annex I, which form in France the so-called “Natura 2000” network. In France, the “Office National des Forets” is in a leader position, being in charge of 20% of all Natura 2000 sites. However, there is a concern about the compatibility of forest management practices commonly performed by this institution and the protective rules edicted by EU. In particular the maintenance of a good state of conservation of forest habitats can be questioned. The purpose of the present thesis was first to define a good state of conservation for forests of the Paris Basin, then to see, through several examples, whether their state of conservation was impacted by forest management. Herbs and humus/soil dwelling mosses were used as indicators, according to the phytosociological approach, as well as humus forms, using Humus Index and depth of holorganic horizons. Sampling was done in different management units, describing the forest cycle (synchronic approach) in homogeneous site conditions. For the habitat “Acidophilic atlantic beech-oak forest” (DH 9120), we showed an example of conversion of coppices-with-standards to full-grown stands, with sessile oak as a target timber species, and an example of an acidophilic beech forest where sylviculture was made more dynamic. For the habitat “Beech forest of the Asperulo-Fagion type” (DH 9130), our study was performed in three forests belonging to the same phytosociological syntaxon but located in three different climatic regions. In this case, too, we measured the effects of a more dynamic sylviculture. As a general rule, species richness increases under the influence of new sylvicultural practices. However, such an increase was not shown by mosses as well as by higher plants typically living in woodland. One explanation is the surface state of forest soils, which is strongly affected by exploitation traffic, mainly through soil compaction. Soil compaction disfavours geophytes, which are the main component of typical forest vegetation. Another explanation lies in the more dynamic sylviculture. The decreasing standing crop imposes a change in climate conditions, with more light and less humidity. This disfavours typical forest species, which commonly live in a shady and moist environment. Another important result concerns changes in humus forms under the new sylviculture. The Humus Index indicates a more rapid humification and mineralisation of topsoil organic matter. We hypothesize that soil biological processes are activated by more light arriving at the ground surface. At last, we want to highlight the importance of the geograhical range over which our results can be considered valid. The example of neutrocline beech forests shows that the appropriate scale for extrapolating our results is that of the natural (climatic) region
Houllier, François. "Echantillonnage et modélisation de la dynamique des peuplements forestiers : application au cas de l'inventaire forestier nationale." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10039.
Повний текст джерелаHoullier, François. "Echantillonnage et modélisation de la dynamique des peuplements forestiers application au cas de l'inventaire forestier national." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598378r.
Повний текст джерелаMouanga, Simplice-Vianney. "Les forestiers au Gabon : socio-histoire d'un espace politique, 1922-1967." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10062.
Повний текст джерелаAndrianarisoa, Kasaina Sitraka Dambrine Etienne. "Minéralisation de l'azote et nitrification dans les écosystèmes forestiers Effet du type de sol et de l'essence forestière /." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2009_0007_ANDRIANARISOA.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBélanger, Étienne. "La certification forestière et le renouvellement du régime forestier québécois. Un sondage en méthode-Q." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25947/25947.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWe have used a Q-methodology survey – a subjectivity studying technique – to explore different perceptions of forest certification in Quebec. Three different viewpoints were discovered. We have also done an analysis of institutional changes within Quebec's forest sector. As a result, we expect Quebec's forest regime to undergo an important effort of decentralization in which forest certification will play an important role. First, we have individuals who primarily view certification as a tool of management and who may place greater importance on forest industries' certification leadership. People in this category may want the traditional role of private firms as developers and managers of the crown's forests to be secured. On the other hand, there are people who view certification as a tool for public relations and who may be opposed to preserving the traditional role of private firms. For this group of people, proof of improvement of certified forest practices would be a requirement. Finally, people who view certification as a tool of governance may approve of reform and thus, try to catalyze it. Such individuals will demand an enhancement of public involvement processes in the forest sector. This group of people will want forest management responsibilities and power to be more equitable.
Bélanger, Etienne. "La certification forestière et le renouvellement du régime forestier québécois : un sondage en méthode-Q." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20564.
Повний текст джерелаWe have used a Q-methodology survey – a subjectivity studying technique – to explore different perceptions of forest certification in Quebec. Three different viewpoints were discovered. We have also done an analysis of institutional changes within Quebec's forest sector. As a result, we expect Quebec's forest regime to undergo an important effort of decentralization in which forest certification will play an important role. First, we have individuals who primarily view certification as a tool of management and who may place greater importance on forest industries' certification leadership. People in this category may want the traditional role of private firms as developers and managers of the crown's forests to be secured. On the other hand, there are people who view certification as a tool for public relations and who may be opposed to preserving the traditional role of private firms. For this group of people, proof of improvement of certified forest practices would be a requirement. Finally, people who view certification as a tool of governance may approve of reform and thus, try to catalyze it. Such individuals will demand an enhancement of public involvement processes in the forest sector. This group of people will want forest management responsibilities and power to be more equitable.
Patenaude-Levasseur, Carl. "Étude comparative : les mécanismes publics de contrôle d'aménagement forestier et les audits de certification forestière au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27210/27210.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLabrecque, Sandra. "Cartographie de la biomasse forestière à l'aide des données d'inventaire forestier et des images TM de Landsat." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2376.
Повний текст джерелаLabrecque, Sandra. "Cartographie de la biomasse forestière à l'aide des données d'inventaire forestier et des images TM de Landsat." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2004.
Знайти повний текст джерелаGarcia, Ramond Raymond. "Contribution à l'étude du processus d'appropriation des outils techniques dans une situation de transfert de technologie : analyse de l'utilisation des outils de coupe dans les travaux forestiers par les indiens Tunebos de Colombie." Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20016.
Повний текст джерелаWork psychology considers the learning phenomena experienced by operators confronted with a transfer of technology which may or may not be compatible with their actual working methods. It defines the factors determining the operator's behavioral attitudes to measure the effectiveness of transfers of technology, anticipate problems thus establishing a transition theory-practice. Piaget's and Ochanine's theories of the learning processes and tool usage are employed to understand the initial confusion in using new technology tools the availability of traditional images comparable with the technology tools influences the learning process and several responses develop. From these come the teaching techniques or technology tools modifications
Bourque, Julie. "Coupe progressive et exploitation forestière a l'echelle du paysage, influence relative sur la productivité de deux passereaux forestiers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47255.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAndrianarisoa, Kasaina Sitraka. "Minéralisation de l'azote et nitrification dans les écosystèmes forestiers : Effet du type de sol et de l'essence forestière." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis was to identify the main indicators of N availability in forest soils and thereafter to determine mechanisms by which tree species control soil N mineralization and nitrification. Various indicators of N availability were compared within 50 beech forests covering a large range of soil types in northeastern France. Thereafter, the effect of six tree species was studied in an acidic cambisol hyperdystric at the experimental site of Breuil (Morvan, France). Potential net N mineralization was negatively correlated with soil pH and positively with microbial C/N ratio. Percent nitrification was strongly correlated with the combination of soil pH and soil C/N or with the combination of Ellenberg’s indices of N availability or Ecoplant C/N and Ellenberg’s indices of acidity (R) based on the vegetation community composition. At the Breuil experimental site, the percent nitrification was high in beech, Corsican pine and Douglas fir plantations whereas it was very low in the Nordmann fir and the spruce plantations and the native forest stands (an old coppice with standard dominated by beech and oak). The exchange of soil cores between stands showed that under the « High nitrifying stands », root colonization was low and percent nitrification was quickly stimulated (<16 months). In « Low nitrifying stands », root colonization was very quick but percent nitrification decreased slowly (>28 months). Percent nitrification was quickly stimulated by clear felling of the native forest. Our results converge toward a strong influence of roots on the nitrogen cycle in forest ecosystems but it needs further efforts to identify the mechanism
Doua, Marcel. "La protection juridique intégrée des forêts en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20009.
Повний текст джерелаThe Ivorian forest is facing advanced degradation. To preserve it, Côte d’Ivoire has drafted Law No. 65 - 425 dated 20 december 1965 on the Forest Code and its implementing regulations. But first legal instrument of protection was not as effective as expected. Indeed, sectoral scope , forest law can govern the entire forest area. Other sectoral legalization as the 1965 Law on hunting, the Water Code, the 1998 Law on rural land law will step in to fill the legislative gap in the forestry code. The result is a law on the forest and its uncoordinated and non-integrated resources, the consequences are obvious risks of overlapping jurisdiction, sources of conflict and blocking and duplication. To ensure appropriate legal framework for the protection of the Ivorian forest, this legal integration must take into account all socio-political and economic dimensions of forests, ensuring the participation of all stakeholders, allow the integration of text content and require a cooperation of management structures
Linjouom, Ibrahim. "L' évolution de la politique, du droit et de l'administration des forêts au Cameroun." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020006.
Повний текст джерелаSchepens, Florent. "Être à sa place : socio-anthropologie de la transmission des savoirs forestiers." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1006.
Повний текст джерелаThe status of forest work contractor (company director), (Entrepreneur de Travaux Forestiers - ETF) knows only one very weak family transmission, however the professional world is organised around reciprocal knowledge. In that case why to do without a family reproduction ?The explanation comes from the requirements to become ETF which are firstly to be heir to a self-employed status and secondly not to have a structure to carry out this heritage. The company of forest work is presented here in the form of a single means of acquiring professional independence. This status is not only acquired : it is a project of couple aiming at an upward social mobility. We will be interested particularly in ETF's wife with regard to family non-reproduction of the status. In addition the labour market of the ETF is based partly on an economy of the constitutive donation of a minimal confidence between the interactants and allowing their co-operation. How is this confidence constituted ? One is known only as a contractor and one is a known contractor only once. The solution with this visible paradox is in the transmission of an inheritance symbolic system of the Master to the apprentice. The contractor transmits to candidate ETF his name (known name), sesame opening doors of a closed labour market. This name gives a professional place to chosen person, place that he obtains because he was indicated not according to an acquired knowledge regarding a capacity to being located by the ETF. To be in his place is the last stage of a regulation process of flows of the new entering on a professional market
Barbi, Florian. "Impact de l’essence forestière sur les processus de dégradation et d’assimilation des polysaccharides végétaux par la communauté fongique des sols forestiers." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10347.
Повний текст джерелаThe degradation of plant biomass is an essential process for the proper functioning of forest soils and terrestrial carbon cycling. Mechanisms involved in these processes are strongly controlled by saprotrophic fungi which secrete several hydrolytic enzymes to access at their primary nutrient sources found under the form of polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicelluloses). Enzymatic hydrolysis of plant polymers releases a high diversity of low molecular weight compounds (mono- and oligosaccharides). These molecules enter in fungal cell using transmembrane transporter systems. Consequently, the presence/absence and the substrate specificity of these transporters might contribute to the metabolic versatility of soil fungi. Several studies have demonstrated that tree species strongly affect diversity and composition of fungal communities. In this context, we hypothesized that the fungal communities selected by the different tree species expressed specific lignocellulolytic enzymes and sugar transporters; and thereby each fungal community was specifically adapted to the nature of litter produced by the tree species considered. We assessed, by the high-throughput sequencing of gene-fragments amplified from soil cDNA, the impact of tree species (Beech vs Spruce) on the diversity of genes encoding either lignocellulolytic enzymes or sugar porters expressed by soil fungi in two mono-specific forests. Our results revealed that most detected genes, encoding either lignocellulolytic enzymes or sugar transporters, have an unknown origin and are specifically found (for more than 80% of them) in one of the two forest soils. This work showed a significant “tree species effect” on the composition of functional genes expressed by soil fungi and suggests that beyond the species level, functional diversity of fungal communities must be addressed to better understand ecosystem functioning. Moreover, by using a functional metatranscriptomic approach, we identified functional transporter sequences differing with respect to their substrate specificities. From a spruce cDNA library, and for the first time, we identified high affinity or mannose specific transporters. Coincidently, as opposed to beech, spruce is indeed a tree species with a large proportion of mannose in its hemicelluloses
Bourge, Florentin. "Le développement d'une méthode pour quantifier la distribution spatiale de la végétation en milieu forestier à l'aide du lidar terrestre." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11801.
Повний текст джерелаMoukoumi, Judicaël. "Effet des essences forestières sur la biodégradation des matières organiques : impact sur la dynamique et le cycle du carbone, de l'azote et des éléments minéraux." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10133.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study was to determine the relevant indicators of the dynamic of organic matter (OM) and some steps of the cycle of carbon, nitrogen and mineral nutrients in relation with the nature of tree species. The experimental site of Breuil-Chenue (Morvan), which allows on similar conditions, to follow the tree species effect, was used as work support. Field and laboratory experimental approaches show that 30 years after the plantation, the expression of the native forest (a coppice with standards dominated by beech, 150 year-old) disappeared, under the effect of young tree species. Marked differences were observed in litter decomposition, carbon and nitrogen mineralization, and dynamics of major elements, even in soil aggregate fractions. Groups of tree species stands were distinguished: the first one having a good potential of decomposition, concerns Douglas fir and beech, whose OM in the A1 horizon, was not abundant but relatively recalcitrant. Nitrate production was higher and implicated on Ca, Mn and Mg mobility. The second group was characterized by a low potential of decomposition. It includes native forest, and spruce plantation whose needles richest in lignin, Fe and Al accumulate on topsoil. Soil OM from these both stands presented a weak nitrate production, but release much more soluble organic compounds with a great potential of carbon mineralization in lab. Fe and Al were more mobilized. The oak plantation, with leaf litter low in lignin and richer in Ca, Mg, Mn and K, occupied an intermediate position. Plant materials were decomposed rapidly. However, strong production of litter and its high proportion of wood result in it accumulation on topsoil
Mengue, M'edou Célestine. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un modèle d'évaluation environnementale stratégique des plans d'aménagement forestier : cas de l'unité forestière d'aménagement 1 de la compagnie Leroy-Gabon /." Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24712604.
Повний текст джерелаEn tête du titre: Université du Québec à Montréal. Bibliogr.: f. [226]-241. Publié aussi en version électronique.
Le, Meignen Benoît. "La forêt : objet du droit administratif." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32033.
Повний текст джерелаIn a legal regime everything can be subject to the law, since nothing remains out of legal regulation. The forest, as an area of social life gathering various subjects of law, whether public or private owners, or its users, is not beyond the legal system. Considering the precious value of the forest due to its ecological, economical and social functions, its legal framework is and has always been governed by public law. This is because despite the change from a forest state to some form of forest denationalization, local authorities have kept mastering and controlling forest activity. From the point of view of the administrative body, this justifies the forest being qualified as a subject matter of Administrative Law. Furthermore, on the one hand there is a need to manage public goods, given the acknowledgment of the public nature of the forests depending on the forest regulation and their integration into the private field of the authorities owning them. On the other hand, there is also a need for public service administration, since there is no doubt forest activity belongs to the general interest in spite of its rising dependence on economic competition law. This legitimizes that the forest should be considered a subject matter of Administrative Law as regards the managed goods or the activity that is implemented or attended to. The forest can therefore be called an object of Administrative Law. This qualification seems to be perfectly appropriate to the forest insofar as, being a branch of Public Law, Administrative Law enables the establishment of unequal relationships between the Administration and its citizens. Indeed, only Administrative Law can preserve forest multifunctionality or in other words the general interest
Jussy, Jean-Hugues. "Minéralisation de l'azote, nitrification et prélèvement radiculaire dans différents écosystèmes forestiers sur sol acide : effet de l'essence, du stade de développement du peuplement et de l'usage ancien des sols." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10293.
Повний текст джерелаBillard, Emeric. "Nouveaux acteurs, vieilles habitudes : l'implantation des opérateurs forestiers asiatiques au Gabon à l'heure de la transition vers la gestion durable." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0040.
Повний текст джерелаThe rise of Asian interests has been one of the most significant developments faced by the logging industry in Gabon over the past two decades. Perceived as participating in China's strategy for access to natural resources in Africa, their presence raises concerns that highlight different webs of interests, both complementary and antagonistic, between a so called weak state and supposedly aggressive investments. This thesis aims to better understand these complex dynamics. The approach is interdisciplinary and examines society-environment relations through the lens of logging in Gabon. Based primarily on the socio-political and economic components of this industry, the analysis highlights the opportunistic character of the strategies employed by logging companies, by the State and by state officials. The shift to sustainable management fosters a hybrid form of forest governance, which favors the most adaptable economic strategies – notably those of Asian operators
Ibanda, Kabaka Paulin. "Réforme forestière de 2002 et droits des populations en RD Congo. Analyse de l'évolution du droit forestier dans ses aspects juridiques, fiscaux, écologiques et socio-économiques." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2031/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, it is a question of making an analysis of the consequences of the forest reform which is engaged in the DRC since 2002 at the instigation of the World Bank with the aim to favor the sustainable management of the forests and the development of the forest populations. However, the legal and economic assessment of this new forestry policy, carried out after fifteen years of application to measure the impact on sustainable forest management, forest taxation and local development of forest populations, shows that, if the 2002 forestry reform contributed to a slight improvement in the mobilization of forest tax revenues, but did not favor the sustainability of forests and the protection of the rights of forest peoples. To remedy this situation, we suggest some reforms to improve this forest policy
Charru, Marie. "LA PRODUCTIVITÉ FORESTIÈRE DANS UN ENVIRONNEMENT CHANGEANT : CARACTÉRISATION MULTI-ÉCHELLE DE SES VARIATIONS RÉCENTES À PARTIR DES DONNÉES DE L’INVENTAIRE FORESTIER NATIONAL (IFN) ET INTERPRÉTATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0027/document.
Повний текст джерелаGrowth trends have been reported in many regions of Europe over the twentieth century. However, an integrated assessment of productivity changes, including focus on a wide geographical scale, analysis of spatial heterogeneity, and the inter-specific diversity of growth responses is still lacking. The aim of this Ph.D work was to assess recent changes in forest productivity on a national, regional and local scale in France, and to investigate their potential environmental causes, based on statistical modeling approaches of stand basal area increment (BAI), and environmental indicators. We used the French NFI data for 8 species of contrasted ecological niches and distributions (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Quercus pubescens, Picea abies, Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis), taken in pure and even-aged stands. We identified the main factors influencing tree species productivity on a national scale, and produced productivity maps suggesting that species distribution ranges are not always limited by environmental conditions. Between 1980 and 2005, the productivity trends reported were positive, modal or non-significant for all species, except the two Mediterranean species for which productivity decreased, highlighting inter-specific differences in these changes. We observed strong variations of productivity changes, both in intensity and sign, on a regional and intra-regional scale. These results question the relevance of wide-scale average assessments and highlight their context-dependence. The role of recent climatic warming in featuring the BAI trends was highlighted. This work provides an enriched scale- and species-dependent assessment of tree species reaction to a changing environment. We emphasized the species- and context dependence of productivity changes, due to differences in species autecology and spatial variations in the limiting factors. Further focus on the effect of environmental factors and their complex interactions is needed for the prediction of species future productivity
Tallier, Pierre Alain. "Forêts et propriétaires forestiers en Belgique, 1814-1914: histoire de l'évolution de la superficie forestière, des peuplements, des techniques sylvicoles et des débouchés offerts aux produits ligneux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212281.
Повний текст джерелаBouchard, Alain. "Levés pour inventaires forestiers par photogrammétrie." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60617.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOuabari, Joseph. "Bois et chantiers forestiers du Congo." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30041.
Повний текст джерелаBenest, Gilles. "L'Organisation d'un peuplement de carabiques forestiers." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602813d.
Повний текст джерелаLabhar, Mohamed. "Les milieux forestiers et pré-forestiers du moyen atlas central nord-occidental :approche géographique, phytoécologique et dynamique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212025.
Повний текст джерелаLicciardello, Musmeci Michela. "Sindrome di Forestier: osservazioni clinico-strumentali." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/348.
Повний текст джерелаCamblanne, Lionel. "Les comportements de gestion des forestiers : contribution à la connaissance des conséquences de perspectives intergénérationnelles sur les décisions du dirigeant d'entreprise familiale." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40004.
Повний текст джерелаThe forest landowner can be set up as a model of a business manager who leads a wood manufacture, his woodland. He can be considered as a particular business manager whose activity is characterized by an unique decision, to cut or not to cut the trees ; and by a long planning horizon on several generations.Through the observation that the forest landowners' behaviors are not totally rational in comparison with the function of the woodland production, the research explores the origins of biases that affect behaviors, and specifically the family vision on business, due to the impact of each decision on the future of the coming generations. In this objective, based on psychological researches, a theoretical background is implemented, which proposes a model of the various biases that can affect managers.By comparing the different cases of forest landowners, the family vision is found as the origin of a conative bias that triggers a behavioral inertia. This inertia appears to be variable according to the specificities of the managers' families. The various forest landowners' behaviors allow to grasp new elements concerning behavioral governance through the proposition of both a behavior analyzing tool and a mechanism which aims to identify the origins of biases through a differential method , and allow to infer the mean to correct them
Anso, Jérémy. "Maintien à long terme de communautés d'insectes forestiers dans un contexte de changement global : Réponses écologiques des communautés d'Orthoptères dans une succession forestière et face à la progression d'espèces invasives." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NCAL0005/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of global biodiversity crisis at world scale, research of efficient environmental proxies are urgently required, especially in tropical island ecosystems, to better assess environment quality and select conservation priorities. In New Caledonia ecosystems, crickets have a dominant contribution to natural communities, according to their richness, diversity and range of colonized habitats. They are highly abundant in ecosystems and also have a high contribution to the soundscape with their ability to produce species-specific airborne signals. In this context of search of efficient environmental proxies, we measured the response of cricket communities in a ecological succession on utlramafic soils and facing the spread of 2 invasive ants (Wasmannia auropunctata and Anoplolepis gracilipes). Through both classical community census and bioacoustic approach through passive acoustic monitoring, we have been able to characterize specific cricket assemblage of species in each succession stage, with a striking sensitivity for biological invasions. Also, a global acoustic analysis of soundscape, greatly dominated by crickets, provides similar results without taxonomic or acoustic identification or knowledge. These preliminary results provide critical insights for the management of ecosystems, Our findings open up promising field of research in order to generalized innovative bio-indication concepts using cricket community in other cricket rich tropical regions
Abasian, Foroogh. "Integrated network design for forest bioenergy value chain - decisions support system for the transformation of the Canadian forest industry." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29904.
Повний текст джерелаBioenergy plants are expected to play an important role in green energy production from forestry biomass. To incorporate bioenergy plant in the forest supply chain, the industry requires new investments as well as new value chain design and management. On the other side, the uncertainties associated with demand and price of new products in the market may add risks to such large investment in current forest supply chain. Hence, the main objective of this thesis is to analyze and to propose new design of the forest bioenergy network in both a deterministic and a stochastic context. The first part of the thesis has proposed four optimization models for strategic, tactical and operational planning levels of the supply chain. The models have included several collaborative actions between all involved stakeholders of the supply chain. They have been integrated in a new educational tool called hierarchical transportation game. In the second part of the thesis, we have integrated the developed optimization models to propose an integrated value chain design and value chain management optimization model. This model has been used to analyze a forest bioenergy network in Newfoundland. Newfoundland forest supply chain comprising four major stakeholders was considered as our case study. The profitability of adding a new bioenergy plant as well as new terminals in several potential locations have been evaluated. Finally, in a third part of the thesis we have proposed the bioenergy network taking into account uncertainty on demand and price of all final products of a new value chain. Several potential bioprocesses with different technologies have been evaluated for our case study. To provide a risk-averse solution, we have proposed two risk management models. The results from the three parts of the thesis have demonstrated the impact of integrated planning, bioenergy plants and collaboration on improvement of forest value chain. In general, the work in this thesis can support an efficient transformation of the forest supply chain considering investment risks. The optimization models and approaches proposed in this thesis are novel and practical for the forest bioenergy network design problem.
Roulier, Marine. "Cycle biogéochimique de l'iode en écosystèmes forestiers." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3026/document.
Повний текст джерелаAs radioisotopes of iodine may concentrate in thyroid gland, 131I (t1/2 = 8.07 days) and 129I (t1/2 = 15.7 106 years) are of health concern. 129I is of major radioecological importance because it can potentially integrate natural biogeochemical cycle of its stable isotope (127I) due to its long half-life. Forests, characterized by their longevity, a high biomass turnover and a strong influence on hydrological and nutrients cycles, can intercept, recycle and accumulate a significant amount of pollutants and radionuclides released into environment. In this context, research developed in this thesis had the purpose of correct long-term prediction of iodine behaviour in forest ecosystems.Rainfall appears to be a significant input flux of iodine in forest soils and vegetation, depending on coastal distance and precipitation amount. Forest canopy modifies quantities and speciation of iodine initially present in rainfall. Humus would act as temporary iodine accumulation layer through its association with organic matter. However, humus layer also behaves as potential iodine mobilisation source by leaching and/or volatilization. This thesis has demonstrated that iodine levels in soils depend both on its atmospheric and litterfall inputs, but also on the soil's ability to fix iodine. Thus, environmental conditions characterized by organic matter accumulation and presence of metal (hydr)oxides in soils promote iodine retention. Thereafter, soil is the main iodine reservoir at the forest plot scale (~99.9%). Given small amounts of iodine in the trees (<0.03% of the total iodine stock), recycling of iodine by vegetation is low, iodine being not an essential element for vegetables.This thesis contributes to fill some gaps in the knowledge of iodine distribution within forests and on the processes of iodine reemission related to organic matter degradation. Data generated by this thesis help to better understand the modeling of iodine cycle in this forest ecosystem
Thivierge-Robitaille, Etienne. "L'amélioration de la prévisibilité des approvisionnements forestiers." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34602.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, the lack of wood supply predictability has been identified as a factor hindering the competitiveness of the forest sector. While several entities believe that the change in Quebec's forest regime in 2013 is one of the factors that led to this, it seems that the growing presence of a supplier-client relationship in wood procurement is also partially responsible. The problem of the lack of predictability is composed of two elements. First, no recognized definition of wood supply predictability has been proposed by the scientific community. Second, in practice, stakeholders do not seem to share a common understanding of what is wood supply predictability. In the absence of knowledge of the real causes of lack of predictability, it is difficult to come up with recommendations. To date, no study have addressed the issue of the lack of predictability of forest supplies. This work aims to fill this gap. A series of 20 interviews involving stakeholders of the forest supply chain was conducted. In addition, a case study of a Quebec pulp and paper mill examined wood supply predictability as part of procurement practices at the operational level. An evaluation methodology based on the data collection process in place, the contract allocation policy and the buyer forecasting methods have been applied. Based on our results, we define wood supply predictability as the ability to anticipate wood supply over time, within a certain degree of precision. 37 causes and 17 sources of the lack of wood supply predictability were identified through the interviews and the case study. These elements have been grouped into five categories. Finally, five causes specific to the management of suppliers and the monitoring of contractual agreements form the basis of recommendations aimed at improving predictability in the context of wood procurement. Four of the proposed recommendations favor contract allocation based on past performance of suppliers. A recommendation regarding quality monitoring of forecasts is also proposed.
Dupuy, Lionel. "Modélisation de l'ancrage racinaire des arbres forestiers." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12788.
Повний текст джерелаChaste, Émeline. "Risques passés et futurs de feux de forêts et leurs incidences sur la résilience de la forêt boréale de l’Est Canadien." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP047/document.
Повний текст джерелаChanges in forest composition and structure are projected in response to the future climate likely more conducive to fire and water stress. A decrease in carbon and biomass stocks could significantly affect the forest industry and global warming by high carbon emissions during fires. However, despite its ecological and socio-economic importance, the future of the forest is uncertain because the impacts of climate change on ecosystem processes and standing biomass are still poorly understood. The primary objective is therefore to assess the potential effects of climate change on vegetation dynamics and fires, and to characterize their joint effects on the resilience of eastern Canada's boreal forest on both sides of the northern limit of managed forests (NLMF). Simulations were carried out with the LPJ-LMfire dynamic global vegetation model and focused on three specific objectives: (1) to reconstruct fire activity during the 20th century and analyze changes in spatial and temporal fire trends related to vegetation and climate, (2) to analyze the forest response projection to climate change and to fire increase to assess if abrupt changes in biomass of dominant species could occur, (3) to simulate trajectories of past fires and vegetation in response to Holocene climatic variations to understand the relationship between climate, fire and vegetation. For the first time, simulations are performed on the eastern boreal forest with LPJ-LMfire over 6000 years and at high spatial resolution (100 km 2) over a study area stretching west to east, from Manitoba to Newfoundland. The plant functional types for the four dominant tree genera (Picea, Abies, Pinus, Populus) have been parameterized. The predictive capabilities of the model were tested over the 20th century by comparing simulated annual rates of combustion and biomass with independent observations. The same variables, simulated over the past 6,000 years, have been compared to paleoecological reconstructions from lacustrine records of microcharcoals and pollen. Finally, the present version of LPJ-LMfire has been used with IPCC climate scenarios to analyze trajectories along the 21st century. The results show that LPJ-LMfire correctly reproduces the spatio-temporal trends in fire frequency observed in the 20th century, particularly in Manitoba and Ontario. The simulated spatial distribution of plant biomass is also consistent with observations, except at the northern limit of trees where it is overestimated, especially for Picea. The trajectories of simulated fires and vegetation over the last 6,000 years were spatially shifted compared to paleoecological reconstructions: too far south in the west and too far north in the east. The observed difference would be due to the IPSL-CM5A-LR climate data provided as input of LPJ-LMfire. Climate variability and lightning impacts are the determining factors in the distribution of fire frequency during the 20th century, while vegetation feedbacks on fires control the distribution of their frequency over long time scales. Our results contradict the predicted increase in future fire risk, suggesting a decrease in fire frequency by 2100, especially in the south, associated with an increase in the proportion of deciduous taxa and an opening of landscapes that should limit ignition and spread of fires. The frequency and intensity of droughts induced by climate change are expected to increase and favor tree mortality south of the NLMF. Rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 will only temporarily increase forest productivity. By 2100, declining biomass stocks and increasing broadleaf proportion south of the NLMF could threaten the economy of the forest sector. Silvicultural practices that preserve productivity and boreal forest resilience are therefore recommended to maintain sustainable forest management
Bouiges, Axelle. "Ecologie moléculaire de l’écosystème forestier tropical africain." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE3012.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this project was to carry out a molecular ecology study, not only on a single species, but on a whole functional group. In the africain forest ecosystem, some species are typical of the forest while others are typical of the savanna, and have undergone stages of expansion and regression during Quaternary climate changes. Do their genomes share a common signature of the ensuing demographic history? I worked on nine species from the Zaprionus genus (Drosophilidae). For six species, I was able to gather a complete dataset including two population samples of N=20 (15 in one case) for 10 nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene. I investigated the signature of population expansion by using Tajima’s DT, Fu’s FS, and the mismatch distribution. The demographic history of each species was investigated using Bayesian methods including BEAST (for mtDNA) and a recombination model using FastSimCoal (for nuclear DNA), with available molecular clocks. Five forest-dwelling species show the signature of a population expansion: Z. aff. proximus, Z. davidi, Z. sepsoides, Z. taronus et Z. vittiger. A sixth species, Z. indianus, shows a more complex history in agreement with its dependence on savanna. The completion of the analysis of the whole dataset was precluded by the time-consuming numerical procedures involved. To conclude, the genome of all of these species – either form savanna of from the forest – shows the signature of past climatic changes, thus validating an "ecosystem genomics" approach
Yehiya, Abdou. "Cartographie des couverts forestiers à partir des photographies aériennes et des données satellitaires LandSat et SPOT dans une zone test du Mali (forêt classée du Sousan) en vue de l'identification et du suivi des formations ligneuses." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20132.
Повний текст джерелаJodry, Réal. "La télédétection multibande aéroportée MEIS II et DAEDALUS MSS appliquée à la cartographie forestière de la station Simoncouche /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Повний текст джерелаDenardou-Tisserand, Anaïs. "Changements du stock de bois sur pied des forêts françaises : description, analyse et simulation sur des horizons temporels pluri-décennal (1975 - 2015) et séculaire à partir des données de l'inventaire forestier national et de statistiques anciennes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0009.
Повний текст джерелаContext. After centuries of decrease, the forest area of most developed countries increase, a phenomenon termed “forest transition”. While current increase in growing stock (GS) is greater than that in area, it remains far less studied. These changes are linked to major current issues. It is essential to assess these changes, to decipher their underlying causes, and to quantify them over the longer term in order to locate current forest resources on a broad trajectory and to anticipate their future dynamics. This thesis is dedicated to French metropolitan forests, which exhibit the most intensive changes in the growing stock in Europe, and relies on data from the French NFI program. Objectives. (1) Analyse forest areal, GS and GS density (GSD) changes and their spatio-temporal variations over 40 years (1975-2015). They were related to factors hypothesized to feature forest changes (geographical contexts, ownership and species composition). We screened for changes in the rate of expansion. The relationships between GS changes and some forest attributes (initial GS and GSD, recent forest area increase) were investigated. (2) Uncover the processes of GS changes and to split the GS expansion magnitude across dynamically-homogeneous forest ensembles. The study was based on GS flux estimation (growth, ingrowth, mortality and harvest). (3) Locate the actual GS expansion in a secular perspective. This analysis consisted in reconstructing the GS chronology since 1850. Levels of GS in 1892, 1908 and 1929 (associated to area of ancient statistics) were estimated using a conditional imputation approach for GSD estimation. Then, a holistic growing stock densification model was implemented to inquire the conditions required on densification patterns and magnitude to simulate the reconstituted GS chronology. Results. (1) Over 40 years, GS increases were three times faster than the areal ones, underlining the intensity of forest densification. No sign of saturation was found. Private forests, and mainly broadleaved ones, presented the greatest GS and GSD increases, suggesting the essential role of natural expansion and agricultural land abandonment. Regression models revealed the positive effect of initial GS and of recent areal increases on GS expansion. (2) The analysis of GS expansion processes evidenced the low level of harvests in comparison to forest growth, and the contribution of recent forests to wood resource development. It led to identify 4 synthetic forest ensembles contributing to the expansion and of distinct dynamics, mainly composed of private forests. (3) GS suggested a very low mean GSD at the beginning of the period (25 m3/ha) and a GS increase by almost +300% between 1892 and 2010, underlying the importance of this expansion. A convex growth model was required to simulate historical forest densification, attesting of a significant inertia in wood resource reconstitution after the forest transition, interpreted based on a gradual decrease in harvest rates for which indices were collected, or to a gradual recovery of site fertility. The analysis also suggested a distinct kinetics for GS densification in plantation forests. Conclusions. These researches reveal the magnitude of GS expansion and the importance of its analysis across forest contexts. This ancient expansion does not present any current sign of saturation and constitute a persistent carbon sink which should not decrease in the next decades assuming similar contextual conditions. According to the process analysis of GS expansion, a significant fraction of the GS increases does not constitute readily available additional wood resources. Thus, future harvest intensification policies must be contextualized and evolving in time
Buridant, Jérôme. "Espaces forestiers et industrie verrière, XVIIe-XIXe siècle /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40025937x.
Повний текст джерелаParmain, Guilhem. "Contribution de différents éléments forestiers et non-forestiers de la trame de très vieux bois à la diversité des coléoptères saproxyliques." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2017/document.
Повний текст джерелаHabitat loss and fragmentation are considered as major threats to biodiversity in forests, one of the species-richest terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. The structural simplification and the loss of key habitat elements resulting from forest harvesting threaten forest biodiversity. Through the analysis of datasets shared between laboratories and two original datasets created during this thesis, I intended to evaluate the role for associated beetle diversity of several components of the saproxylic habitat network at local and landscape scales. The effect of local environmental variables has been evaluated and the biodiversity associated with ageing stands, forest reserves and isolated non-forest trees were explored. In parallel, we have analyzed the main technique used to sample our study group. We highlighted (i) strong effects of spatial or temporal replication of sampling on data, but (ii) negligible effects of data simplification by excluding a time-expensive family on results. We demonstrated significant effects of forest setting aside on the restoration, mainly of dead wood and tree microhabitats, but also on associated saproxylic beetle assemblages. Extended rotations in ageing stands did not provide such positive effects. Besides, we evidenced that a high density of forest reserves in the landscape (over 20%) seems necessary to efficiently favor the saproxylic fauna. In addition, we observed that a significant proportion of saproxylic species prefer non-forest solitary tree habitats. The whole saproxylic fauna is therefore not hosted by forests. These non-forest saproxylic structures have to be included in conservation strategies dedicated saproxylic biodiversity
Perrin, Guillaume. "Etude du couvert forestier par processus ponctuels marqués." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109074.
Повний текст джерелаDans ce manuscrit, nous proposons différents modèles d'extraction de houppiers, qui extraient des informations à l'échelle de l'arbre selon la densité du peuplement. Dans les peuplements denses, nous présentons un processus d'ellipses, et dans les zones de plus faible densité, un processus d'ellipsoïdes. Nous obtenons ainsi le nombre d'arbres, leur localisation, le diamètre de la couronne et leur hauteur pour les zones non denses. Les algorithmes automatiques résultant de cette modélisation sont testés sur des images IRC très haute résolution fournies par l'Inventaire Forestier National (IFN).
Moad, Kamel. "Modélisation et optimisation multi-niveaux du transport forestier." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0101/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present manuscript tackles the supply chain forest transportation problem in the context of forestry primary industry. In this context, several risks may affect the forest supply chain: the unpredictable weather conditions (tree falling provoked by major storms); sanitary emergencies (tree pest and diseases); and, diverse commercial circumstances (the variability of market demands). The aforementioned issues motivate the diverse forest sector protagonists (entrepreneurs, forest operators and drivers) to seek support for improving their logistic operations. The aim of this effort is to improve the service quality (offer-demand agreement) diminishing in this way the total costs. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is the proposal of a novel management model which improves forest-to-mill transport performance. At the same time, the proposed model accounts for the forest sector manners and constraints. The contribution of this thesis is threefold: first a transportation model is developed, later on the transport planning is managed, and finally an optimization procedure is proposed.The thesis results propose a hierarchical planning for the forestry transportation. Two decision levels are suggested: tactic and operational. At a tactic level, a multi-period optimization is considered. The multi-period optimization strategy meets the customer supply demands while minimizes the global transportation activity. Such strategy takes into account the restrictions of the total available transportation means. Moreover, at this level the activity balancing politics may be developed, as well as subcontractors coordination between transport companies. On the other hand, at the operational level, the tactic planning assigned for each transporter is divided so an optimization of the fleet’s transport assignation is done considering the vehicles constraints.The decision process is modelled as a Mixed Linear Programming formulation. The application considers a data set coming from the industry settled at the Aquitaine region in France. The results have shown a significant improvement on the transport capabilities with respect to the conventional transport practices.It is worth to mention that the decision models were designed such that they may be adapted to different context either collaborative or not. In both cases, the tactic planning has a generic purpose, in other words, it is independent of the kind of organization involved, whereas specific organizations are taken into account when planning actors’ activities at the operational level
Brun, Stéphane Hotyat Micheline Arnould Paul. "De l'erg à la forêt." Paris : Université Paris Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2007. http://www.theses.paris4.sorbonne.fr/brun/paris4/2006/brun/html/index-frames.html.
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