Статті в журналах: "Forest management – Papua New Guinea"

1

MacKinnon, Kathy. "From Planning to Action: Forest Conservation and Management in Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 4 (2000): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010277.

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Papua New Guinea (PNG) occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and still boasts 33 million hectares of closed natural forest (77% of the country), home to numerous endemic species. Overall PNG is sparsely populated with some 700 distinct cultural/ language groups. Economic growth over the past two decades has been spurred by large-scale mining, petroleum and logging operations though the majority of the population continues to rely upon subsistence agriculture (swidden) and collection and utilization of forest products. Some 15 million hectares of forests are accessible for logging, of which 1.5 million hectares have already been logged, generally in an unsustainable manner. Of the over 6 million ha of approved timber blocks more than 1.5 million hectares have been located in areas of high biological value. Forest loss and degradation is now becoming a serious problem.

2

Hendri. "CARBON MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN PAPUA REGION." JURNAL KEHUTANAN PAPUASIA 1, no. 1 (November 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46703/jurnalpapuasia.vol1.iss1.23.

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Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest tropical rainforest area, especially in Papua Island together with Papua New Guinea accounted the third largest tropical rainforests in the world, after the Amazon (336.7 million ha) and Congo (181.3 million ha). The total tropical rainforest area is 68.7 million ha contained Papua about 57% (39.2 million ha) and 43% (29.5 million ha) Papua New Guinea. Unfortunately, deforestation rates in the few decades increased from 1.39 million ha in the period 1985 – 1997 and 0.6 million ha in the period 2000 – 2005. The direct impact of rapid LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change & Forestry) changes since 1980`s has accumulated critical land by 29.0% of forest area in West Papua and 31.4% of forest area in Papua. Climate change affected in Papua region due to rapid amount GHG`s emissions into the atmosphere by increasing average temperature about 0.7oC, minimum temperature (0.7oC) and maximum temperature (1.2oC) during period 1996 – 2005. Other effects of climate change the decreased rainfall up to 26% per month in the last decade, 50% reduced total agriculture productivity, expanded malaria diseases, and increased extreme condition such as drought with intensity of forest fire detected in Sorong due to inter-annual climate variability events, such as the El-Niño event and flood due to the La-Niña event. However, it is difficult task to build mitigation and adaptation planning in the region or local scale due to the lack information, the lack human resources, and local topography and phenomena. In that case, so far, no study has been conducted in Papua region to build mitigation and adaptation planning for carbon management. Therefore, this study tries to promote a carbon management program for help local government to solve forest environmental problems consideration of climate change.

3

J. Marsden, Stuart, and Craig T. Symes. "Abundance and habitat associations of parrots at a hillforest site in Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 1 (2006): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060015.

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Despite New Guinea's importance for parrot species, there is an almost total lack of quantitative data on abundances or habitat associations of parrots on the island. We present such data for 15 parrot species within the species-rich (21 species) Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area, Papua New Guinea. The four most abundant parrot species made up 70% of all parrots recorded in primary forest and 76% in old gardens. Several species had estimated densities of 10?60 birds per km2 and we suggest that the most abundant species on New Guinea are at least as common as those on the surrounding islands. Two species of particular conservation importance, Palm Cockatoo Probosciger aterrimus and Pesquefs Parrot Psittrichas fulgidus had estimated densities of just one bird per km2, while several other notably rare species included Dusky Lory Pseudeos fuscata and the fig-parrots Cyclopsitta diopthalma and Psittaculirostris desmarestii. Most parrot species were strongly associated with the lower and flatter areas of the site, where mature secondary forest dominated. Again, this is a pattern shared with parrots on nearby islands, and the finding emphasizes the importance of protecting lower-altitude mature forests within the region.

4

Montagu, A. Simon. "Forest planning and management in Papua New Guinea, 1884 to 1995: a political ecological analysis." Planning Perspectives 17, no. 1 (January 2002): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665430110093253.

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5

Haberle, Simon G. "Prehistoric human impact on rainforest biodiversity in highland New Guinea." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1478 (January 5, 2007): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1981.

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In the highlands of New Guinea, the development of agriculture as an indigenous innovation during the Early Holocene is considered to have resulted in rapid loss of forest cover, a decrease in forest biodiversity and increased land degradation over thousands of years. But how important is human activity in shaping the diversity of vegetation communities over millennial time-scales? An evaluation of the change in biodiversity of forest habitats through the Late Glacial transition to the present in five palaeoecological sites from highland valleys, where intensive agriculture is practised today, is presented. A detailed analysis of the longest and most continuous record from Papua New Guinea is also presented using available biodiversity indices (palynological richness and biodiversity indicator taxa) as a means of identifying changes in diversity. The analysis shows that the collapse of key forest habitats in the highland valleys is evident during the Mid–Late Holocene. These changes are best explained by the adoption of new land management practices and altered disturbance regimes associated with agricultural activity, though climate change may also play a role. The implications of these findings for ecosystem conservation and sustainability of agriculture in New Guinea are discussed.

6

Mcphee, EC. "Ecology and Diet of Some Rodents From the Lower Montane Region of Papua-New-Guinea." Wildlife Research 15, no. 1 (1988): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880091.

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Information relating to the habitat, reproduction and diet is given for five murine rodents from the vicinity of Wau, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Rattus steini was found to be present in all four habitats investigated (kunai, gardens, coffee plantations, forest), whereas R. exulans was absent from the forest; Melomys rufescens, M. lorentzi and Pogonomys macrourus were only trapped in the forest, and in low numbers. Although climatically similar to other montane regions in Papua New Guinea, the Wau area appeared to have an earlier start to the peak breeding season than elsewhere, and litter sizes seemed to be higher. The diet of Melomys species and P. macrourus appeared to be largely frugivorous (>90%), whereas Rattus species consumed a wide range of food items. While there was considerable overlap between the diets of Ratlus species, R. steini consumed more leafy material and insects, and less fruit, woody and vegetable material than R. exulans. Habitat modification by human activity in the Wau area has radically affected the diversity and relative abundance of rodent species, although it was difficult to discern any strong relationship between diet and habitat. While specific and generic identification of particular food items was not possible, an index of invertebrate diversity in the diet of rodents is suggested as a means of assessing changes in food availability, and therefore habitat change.

7

Montagu, A. Simon. "Reforming Forest Planning and Management in Papua New Guinea, 1991‐94: Losing People in the Process." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 44, no. 5 (September 2001): 649–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640560120079957.

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8

Georges, Arthur, Erika Alacs, Matthew Pauza, Felix Kinginapi, Amos Ona, and Carla Eisemberg. "Freshwater turtles of the Kikori Drainage, Papua New Guinea, with special reference to the pig-nosed turtle, Carettochelys insculpta." Wildlife Research 35, no. 7 (2008): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07120.

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A survey of the Kikori River drainage of the Gulf Province of Papua New Guinea identified four species of freshwater turtle. The pig-nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta and the southern New Guinea soft-shelled turtle Pelochelys bibroni are riverine species. The New Guinea spotted turtle Elseya novaeguineae lives primarily in the tidal freshwater creeks and streams, flooded sinkholes and swamps of the lowland rainforest. The New Guinea painted turtle Emydura subglobosa resides almost exclusively in forest sinkholes and swamps. Pelochelys bibroni was the least-common species, and is probably locally endangered. Greatest turtle diversity occurred in the Karst Plains of the Kikori sub-basin, where there is a greater diversity of habitat available to turtles. Lowest diversity occurred in the highlands, where turtles were present in very low density as introduced populations, brought in from the Kikori lowlands, Mount Bosavi and the Western Province by visiting relatives. Linguistic diversity concurred with turtle diversity of the regions in which the languages were spoken. C. insculpta nests both on riverine sand beaches and on coastal beaches, sand spits and isolated sand bars where the Kikori River discharges into the Gulf of Papua. Adult females and eggs of C. insculpta are harvested heavily by local people for local consumption.

9

Scudder, Micah G., John L. Herbohn, and Jack Baynes. "The failure of eco-forestry as a small-scale native forest management model in Papua New Guinea." Land Use Policy 77 (September 2018): 696–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.06.023.

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10

ROBIANSYAH, IYAN. "Diversity and biomass of tree species in Tambrauw, West Papua, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190204.

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Robiansyah I. 2018. Diversity and biomass of tree species in Tambrauw, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 377-386. In spite of its high diversity and endemism, New Guinea is still one of the least explored regions on the globe. Flora information for the island as a whole is low compared to other areas in Malesia, and for Indonesian Province of Papua and West Papua it is much lower than for Papua New Guinea. To add more information and data on the flora of the West Papua Province, a vegetation analysis was conducted in Fef (442-509 m) and Bamusbama (757-914 m) Subdistricts, Tambrauw District, West Papua, Indonesia. Six and four plots of 30x30 m were placed in Fef and Bamusbama, respectively, to assess and compare the diversity and biomass of trees with diameter at breast height ? 10 cm. A total of 457 stems and ca. 86 tree species were identified. Fef accommodated higher species number (70) than Bamusbama (42). Meliaceae and Myrtaceae were the most important families in Fef and Bamusbama, respectively, while Castanopsis acuminatissima was the most important species in both subdistricts.The species diversity, richness, and evenness in Fef was higher than in Bamusbama. For tree biomass, the estimated value in Bamusbama (383.8 ton/ha) was much higher than in Fef (224.7 ton/ha). The results of the present study may serve as a baseline information for sustainable forest management and conservation of the region.

11

Scudder, Micah G., Jack Baynes, and John Herbohn. "Timber royalty reform to improve the livelihoods of forest resource owners in Papua New Guinea." Forest Policy and Economics 100 (March 2019): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.12.002.

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12

FILER, COLIN. "Interdisciplinary perspectives on historical ecology and environmental policy in Papua New Guinea." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 2 (February 10, 2011): 256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000913.

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SUMMARYPapua New Guinea (PNG) has been the site of a great deal of scientific work, and a fair amount of interdisciplinary debate, within the broad field of historical ecology, which encompasses the study of indigenous society-environment relationships over different time periods. However, this in itself provides no guarantee that scientists engaged in such debate will have a greater influence on the formulation of environmental conservation policies in a state where indigenous decision makers now hold the levers of political power. Five environmental policy paradigms which have emerged in the course of public debate about environmental conservation in PNG over the past half century; the wildlife management, environmental planning, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem assessment, and carbon sequestration paradigms. Each paradigm has framed a distinctive form of interdisciplinary debate about indigenous society-environment relationships within a contemporary political framework. However, a further connection can be drawn between the role of interdisciplinary debate in an evolving national policy framework and the history of scientific debate about the nature of indigenous society-environment relationships in the pre-colonial era. This connection places a distinctive emphasis on the relationship between indigenous agricultural practices and management of the national forest estate for reasons which are themselves a contingent effect of the nature of European colonial intervention over the course of the last century and a half. This particular bias in the relationship between historical ecology and environmental policy has lasted down to the present day. PNG's environmental policy problems are unlikely to have any rational or sensible solution in the absence of a better scientific understanding of the complexity of indigenous society-environment relationships. Scientists need to understand the complexity of the environmental policy process as a historical process in its own right in order to work out which policy problems offer both the scope and the incentive to sustain specific forms of interdisciplinary debate that are likely to produce better policy outcomes.

13

Wilson, David, and Robert Heinsohn. "Geographic range, population structure and conservation status of the green python (Morelia viridis), a popular snake in the captive pet trade." Australian Journal of Zoology 55, no. 3 (2007): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06078.

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Accurate knowledge of distribution and population size is required for effective conservation and management of wild species. Here we report on the first estimates of the distribution and density of the green python (Morelia viridis), an iconic rainforest species widely kept in captivity. We used climatic modelling to predict its distribution in Papua New Guinea, and both climate and vegetation mapping to predict its Australian distribution. We used mark–recapture methods to estimate the density and population structure of green pythons at Iron Range, northern Australia. Bioclimatic analyses suggested that there is extensive climatically suitable habitat in Papua New Guinea (≥200 000 km2), but very little in Australia (~300 km2). However, use of vegetation maps increases the predicted suitable area of occupancy in Australia to 3127 km2, including nine regional ecosystems. Density estimates at Iron Range were 4–5 ha–1 in the complex vine forest regional ecosystem; however, only half of these were mature adults. The large predicted area of occurrence and the high density in the one intensively studied area suggest that the species is not vulnerable to extinction in the short term. However, more studies are needed in both New Guinea and Australia, especially to quantify the impact of harvesting green pythons for the pet trade.

14

Scudder, Micah G., Jack Baynes, Grahame Applegate, and John Herbohn. "Addressing small-scale forestry informal markets through forest policy revision: A case study in Papua New Guinea." Land Use Policy 88 (November 2019): 104109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104109.

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15

Sinclair, J. Ross. "Selection of Incubation Mound Sites by Three Sympatric Megapodes in Papua New Guinea." Condor 104, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.2.395.

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Abstract I report nonrandom selection of sites for incubation mounds and interspecific sharing of mounds by three sympatric megapodes (Wattled Brush-turkey [Aepypodius arfakianus], Brown-collared Talegalla [Talegalla jobiensis] and New Guinea Megapode [Megapodius decollatus]) in the Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea. Talegallas used mounds concurrently with New Guinea Megapodes, and renovated brush-turkey mounds after the latter species had finished breeding. New Guinea Megapodes and brush-turkeys did not use the same mounds. Analysis of 18 environmental variables at 80 mound sites and 91 random points showed that (1) mound sites of the three species differed significantly from random points. Mounds were associated with large trees and in less disturbed habitat, characteristics which contribute to the functioning of the mound. (2) Mound sites of the three species differed from each other. Brush-turkey sites were steeper, and had fewer and smaller trees in the mound and more herbs in the surrounding forest than those of the other two species. New Guinea Megapode and talegalla sites were not clearly separated. (3) Some important environmental variables had significant effects of study location and location × species, suggesting that inter- and intraspecific differences in mound sites are dependent on the habitat in which the mounds are located. Given this, caution should be applied to generalizations about widespread species from site-selection studies in a small subset of habitats. I recommended landowners be advised not to locate gardens or cut trees close to mounds, and exclude some areas from logging concessions and mining leases. Selección de Sitios para Montículos de Incubación en Tres Megapódidos Simpátricos de Papua Nueva Guinea Resumen. Se reporta la selección no azarosa de sitios para incubación y como comparten estos sitios tres especies simpátricas de la familia de Megapodiidae (Aepypodius arfakianus, Talegalla jobiensis y Megapodius decollatus) en tres sitios en el área de manejo de vida silvestre Crater Mountain en las tierras altas del este de Papua Nueva Guinea. Individuos de Talegalla usaron los sitios al mismo tiempo que Megapodius, pero utilizaron sitios de Aepypodius después que ésta los abandonara. Un análisis sobre 18 características ambientales de 80 sitios y 91 puntos ubicados al azar indicó que (1) Las características ambientales de los sitios de incubación de las tres especies fueron significativamente diferentes de las registradas en puntos al azar. Los sitios de incubación se concentraron en áreas con árboles grandes y en áreas con menos perturbación que los puntos azarosos, factores que contribuyen a la función del sitio. (2) Las tres especies utilizaron sitios diferentes: Aepypodius utilizó sitios con mayor pendiente, con menos árboles y de menor tamaños, y con mayor cobertura herbacea en el bosque circundante, que las otras dos especies. Los sitios de Megapodius y de Talegalla no se distinguieron claramente uno de otro. (3) Algunas variables ambientales importantes tuvieron efectos significativos de ubicación y de ubicación × especies, lo cual sugiere que las diferencias entre y dentro de cada especies dependieron del hábitat en el cual se encontraban. Dados estos resultados, se recomienda precaución al generalizar los resultados para especies con amplia distribución geográfica basados en áreas pequeñas. Se recomienda no sembrar, ni cortar árboles cerca de los sitios de incubación, y que algunas áreas sean excluídas de las conseciones para actividades forestales y de mineras.

16

Tan, Z. D., L. R. Carrasco, and D. Taylor. "Spatial correlates of forest and land fires in Indonesia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 12 (2020): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf20036.

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Biomass fires in Indonesia emit high levels of greenhouse gases and particulate matter, key contributors to global climate change and poor air quality in south-east Asia. In order to better understand the drivers of biomass fires across Indonesia over multiple years, we examined the distribution and probability of fires in Sumatra, Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and Papua (western New Guinea) over four entire calendar years (2002, 2005, 2011 and 2015). The 4 years of data represent years with El Niño and La Niña conditions and high levels of data availability in the study region. Generalised linear mixed-effects models and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to relate fire hotspots and a range of spatial predictor data. Geographic differences in occurrences of fire hotspots were evident. Fire probability was greatest in mixed-production agriculture lands and in deeper, degraded peatlands, suggesting anthropogenic activities were strong determinants of burning. Drought conditions in El Niño years were also significant. The results demonstrate the importance of prioritising areas of high fire probability, based on land use and other predisposing conditions, in effective fire management planning.

17

Burley, Alana L., Neal J. Enright, and Margaret M. Mayfield. "Demographic response and life history of traditional forest resource tree species in a tropical mosaic landscape in Papua New Guinea." Forest Ecology and Management 262, no. 5 (September 2011): 750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.008.

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18

Banks, Glenn. "Mining multinationals and developing countries: theory and practice in Papua New Guinea." Applied Geography 13, no. 4 (October 1993): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(93)90035-y.

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19

Lepš, Jan, Vojtěch Novotný, Lukáš Čížek, Kenneth Molem, Brus Isua, Boen William, Richard Kutil, et al. "Successful invasion of the neotropical species Piper aduncum in rain forests in Papua New Guinea." Applied Vegetation Science 5, no. 2 (February 24, 2002): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2002.tb00555.x.

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20

Tan, Z. D., L. R. Carrasco, and D. Taylor. "Corrigendum to: Spatial correlates of forest and land fires in Indonesia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 30, no. 9 (2021): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf20036_co.

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Biomass fires in Indonesia emit high levels of greenhouse gases and particulate matter, key contributors to global climate change and poor air quality in south-east Asia. In order to better understand the drivers of biomass fires across Indonesia over multiple years, we examined the distribution and probability of fires in Sumatra, Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and Papua (western New Guinea) over four entire calendar years (2002, 2005, 2011 and 2015). The 4 years of data represent years with El Niño and La Niña conditions and high levels of data availability in the study region. Generalised linear mixed-effects models and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to relate fire hotspots and a range of spatial predictor data. Geographic differences in occurrences of fire hotspots were evident. Fire probability was greatest in mixed-production agriculture lands and in deeper, degraded peatlands, suggesting anthropogenic activities were strong determinants of burning. Drought conditions in El Niño years were also significant. The results demonstrate the importance of prioritising areas of high fire probability, based on land use and other predisposing conditions, in effective fire management planning.

21

Coyne, Carmel, Guy Hamilton, Grant Young, and Grant Sale. "Pipeline routing challenges for upstream PNG LNG project." APPEA Journal 50, no. 2 (2010): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09057.

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The Kikori Basin in Papua New Guinea is the host environment for the gas production and onland transport facilities for ExxonMobil’s PNG LNG. The remoteness of the basin, its vast expanses of intact primary tropical forest, ruggedness, varied and low density population, and the localised impacts of the existing oil and gas industry provided considerable environmental and social challenges to routing and siting of project facilities and infrastructure. Meeting the project’s demanding permitting schedule, while retaining flexibility in design scope for contractor execution, necessitated that the routing process advance at two scales. One was a broad scale that settled a route for project environmental impact assessment using data at the scale of existing regional mapping supplemented by rapid assessment field surveys on the ground; and another a fine scale using pre-construction surveys to identify small-scale constraints to be avoided by tactical routing at a local scale of tens or hundreds of metres for environmental management planning. Reducing potential impacts on the environment was a project priority and the routing process used was integral to this. The approach allowed the project to overcome ubiquitous high value environmental constraints under the scrutiny of project lenders focussed on satisfying industry’s international good practice environmental and social guidelines. This paper will expand on the routing process, including the methods used and key players. The lessons will provide valuable awareness of issues and hurdles to be overcome for other companies intent on developing future oil and gas developments in Papua New Guinea and similar difficult geographies.

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Middleton, Jo, Jackie A. Cassell, Gavin Colthart, Francesca Dem, James Fairhead, Michael G. Head, Joao Inacio, et al. "Rationale, experience and ethical considerations underpinning integrated actions to further global goals for health and land biodiversity in Papua New Guinea." Sustainability Science 15, no. 6 (April 30, 2020): 1653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00805-x.

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Abstract The SURFACES project is integrating action on good health and wellbeing [Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3] and conservation of life on land (SDG 15) in the threatened rainforests of Papua New Guinea (PNG), and mapping evidence of similar projects worldwide. Our approach is framed by Planetary Health, aiming to safeguard both human health and the natural systems that underpin it. Our rationale is demonstrated through a summary of health needs and forest conservation issues across PNG, and how these play out locally. We outline differing types of integrated conservation and health interventions worldwide, providing examples from Borneo, Uganda, India and elsewhere. We then describe what we are doing on-the-ground in PNG, which includes expansion of a rainforest conservation area alongside the establishment of a nurse-staffed aid post, and an educational intervention conceptually linking forest conservation and health. Importantly, we explore some ethical considerations on the conditionality of medical provision and identify key challenges to the successful implementation of such projects. The latter include: avoiding cross-sectoral blindness and achieving genuine interdisciplinary working; the weak evidence base justifying projects; and temporal-spatial issues. We conclude by suggesting how projects integrating actions on health and conservation SDGs can benefit from (and contribute to) the energy of the emerging Planetary Health movement.

23

Lamaris, John, and Nathan Whitmore. "Forest connectivity is important for sustaining Admiralty cuscus (Spilocuscus kraemeri) in traditional terrestrial no-take areas on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 1 (2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17030.

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Tambu is a well respected concept in Melanesian societies and represents a periodic cultural restriction on harvesting for the purpose of fulfilling customary obligations and restocking resources. As a result it has been suggested as the basis for conservation and sustainability in Melanesia. One species subject to tambu management is the Admiralty cuscus (Spilocuscus kraemeri), an arboreal marsupial endemic to Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, where it is a major source of terrestrial protein for forest-dwelling villagers. We investigated the denning home range and movement patterns of 10 cuscus using radio-telemetry in and around a 21-ha forested tambu area over a 28-day period. Home-range sizes were estimated using a 95% minimum convex polygon method and possible contributing factors to home-range size were assessed through model selection. Home-range size was highly variable, log-normally distributed (back-transformed mean = 2.9 ha, mean ±1 s.d.: 0.6–13.8 ha, n = 8), and was not associated with body mass, age or sex. Additional telemetry data collected from three S. kraemeri over 74 days appeared to support the stable nature of the home ranges. Through application of Laplace’s extension of the Buffon’s needle problem we conclude that, despite potentially high growth rates and short juvenile dispersal distances, tambu areas are unlikely to be self-sustaining. We hypothesise that the apparent efficacy of tambu areas is a consequence of forest connectivity that allows the immigration of adult founders to offset losses in reproductive stock coming as a result of periodic harvest and juvenile dispersal.

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Chand, Satish, and Charles Yala. "Institutions for improving access to land for settler-housing: Evidence from Papua New Guinea." Land Use Policy 29, no. 1 (January 2012): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.05.013.

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25

Baynes, Jack, John Herbohn, Nestor Gregorio, William Unsworth, and Émilie Houde Tremblay. "Equity for Women and Marginalized Groups in Patriarchal Societies during Forest Landscape Restoration: The Controlling Influence of Tradition and Culture." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 03 (June 17, 2019): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892919000079.

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SummaryWe explore the difficulty of achieving equity for women in two forest and livelihood restoration (FLR) pilot projects, one each in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and the Philippines. We use institutional bricolage as a framework to explain the context and background of stakeholders’ decision-making and the consequent impact on equity and benefit distribution. In the Philippines, material and institutional support was initially successful in assisting participants to establish small-scale tree plantations. A structured approach to institutional development has successfully evolved to meet the needs of women, even though corruption has re-emerged as a destabilizing influence. In PNG, despite success in establishing trees and crops, the participation of women was subjugated to traditional customs and norms that precluded them from engaging in land management decisions. The capacity-building and gender-equity principles of FLR consequently became compromised. We conclude that in some patriarchal societies achieving equity for women will be difficult and progress will be contingent on a detailed understanding of the effects of traditional customs and norms on participation and decision-making.

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Crittenden, Robert, and David A. M. Lea. "Geographers and ‘logical’ development practice: the smallholder market access and food supply programme in Papua New Guinea." Applied Geography 12, no. 1 (January 1992): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(92)90025-i.

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Hartemink, Alfred E. "Biomass and nutrient accumulation of Piper aduncum and Imperata cylindrica fallows in the humid lowlands of Papua New Guinea." Forest Ecology and Management 144, no. 1-3 (April 2001): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00655-1.

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28

Morrison, Clare, Patrick Pikacha, Tikai Pitakia, and David Boseto. "Herpetofauna, community education and logging on Choiseul Island, Solomon Islands: implications for conservation." Pacific Conservation Biology 13, no. 4 (2007): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc070250.

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Biodiversity in the Solomon Islands Is extremely rich, and in the Pacific is second only to Papua New Guinea. Despite this high diversity there are only rough estimates for the biodiversity of most taxa in the Solomon Islands. As part of a terrestrial biodiversity survey, we conducted nocturnal surveys for frogs in a range of habitats from 10?1 060 m on Choiseul Island. This work was carried out between June 2005 and January 2006. In addition to the nocturnal surveys, we also conducted opportunistic diurnal searches for reptiles as well as community environmental education and awareness workshops. Fifteen frog species (65% of all Solomon Island frogs) including all five endemic species, were found during our surveys of Choiseul Island. Most of the species were fairly widespread and abundant, however, four species (Discodeles bufoniformis, Palmatorrapia solomonis, Brachylodes trossulus and B. wolfi) were fairly restricted in their distribution. In addition, we found 20 reptile species during opportunistic surveys (30% of all Solomon Island reptiles Including four endemics). Important habitats on Choiseul Island based on frog species richness and abundance are mid-altitude rainforest (500?600 m), primary lowland rainforest and lowland coastal forest. Unfortunately, it is these habitats that are most threatened by logging operations on the island. In order to aid biodiversity conservation on Choiseul Island we recommend a number of activities including additional biodiversity surveys, increased community awareness and education about biodiversity and the impacts of logging, and the drawing up of a management plan including all terrestrial taxa for Choiseul Island forests.

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Aliaga-Samanez, Alisa, Marina Cobos-Mayo, Raimundo Real, Marina Segura, David Romero, Julia E. Fa, and Jesús Olivero. "Worldwide dynamic biogeography of zoonotic and anthroponotic dengue." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): e0009496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009496.

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Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. The rapid spread of dengue could lead to a global pandemic, and so the geographical extent of this spread needs to be assessed and predicted. There are also reasons to suggest that transmission of dengue from non-human primates in tropical forest cycles is being underestimated. We investigate the fine-scale geographic changes in transmission risk since the late 20th century, and take into account for the first time the potential role that primate biogeography and sylvatic vectors play in increasing the disease transmission risk. We apply a biogeographic framework to the most recent global dataset of dengue cases. Temporally stratified models describing favorable areas for vector presence and for disease transmission are combined. Our models were validated for predictive capacity, and point to a significant broadening of vector presence in tropical and non-tropical areas globally. We show that dengue transmission is likely to spread to affected areas in China, Papua New Guinea, Australia, USA, Colombia, Venezuela, Madagascar, as well as to cities in Europe and Japan. These models also suggest that dengue transmission is likely to spread to regions where there are presently no or very few reports of occurrence. According to our results, sylvatic dengue cycles account for a small percentage of the global extent of the human case record, but could be increasing in relevance in Asia, Africa, and South America. The spatial distribution of factors favoring transmission risk in different regions of the world allows for distinct management strategies to be prepared.

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Schultes, Richard Evans. "Exploiting the Tropical Rain Forest: An Account of Pulpwood Logging in Papua New Guinea, by D. Lamb. (Man and the Biosphere Series, Volume 3.) The Parthenon Publishing Group, Park Ridge, New Jersey 07656, USA: pp. xx + 258, plates and figs, $49.00, 1990." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 4 (1991): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900022888.

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Filer, Colin, Rodney J. Keenan, Bryant J. Allen, and John R. Mcalpine. "Deforestation and forest degradation in Papua New Guinea." Annals of Forest Science 66, no. 8 (January 2009): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest/2009067.

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32

Schultes, Richard Evans. "Exploiting the Tropical Rain Forest: An Account of Pulpwood Logging in Papua New Guinea, by D. Lamb. (Man and the Biosphere Series, Volume 3.) The Parthenon Publishing Group, Park Ridge, New Jersey 07656, USA: xx + 258 pp., illustr., 23 × 16 × 2.5 cm, $49.00, 1990." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 1 (1993): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900037486.

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Lembang, Hendricus. "POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN BADAN USAHA MILIK KAMPUNG SOTA, DISTRIK SOTA, KABUPATEN MERAUKE." Musamus Journal of Economics Development 1, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/feb.v1i1.1230.

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Base on the Village Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Village, namely villages have the right, authority and obligation to regulate and manage their own government affairs and community interests based on their rights of origin and local customs. In this authority, the village provides services to the community and conducts community empowerment. Sota village is a border region with Papua New Guinea. The location of Kampung Sota is relatively close to the seafront of the city of Merauke, has a population of 1,270 in 2014 and the resources of forests, rivers and swamps. This research use Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach and SWOT analysis. The results of the study found: Strength Aspects namely 1). Raw materials are easily available, 2). Strategic business location, 3). Product prices begin to increase, 4). The products produced are export products, 5). Availability of Village Land, 6). Commitment from the village government. Weakness aspects are: 1). The lack of business capital, small production quantity, 2). Transportation for raw materials, 3). Unattractive packaging, 4). Cooperatives in the village are controlled by individuals / traditional leaders who control the local land. Opportunity Aspect namely 1). Products that have a prospective market share, 2). Production capacity can be reproduced, 3). Increased consumer needs and public awareness to use local products, 4). Development of technology and information, 5). Additional workforce. Threat aspects, namely: 1). Still depends on the rainy and dry seasons, 2). Increased bargaining position of raw material suppliers, 3). The emergence of new competitors, 4). Government regulations on National Parks. So that the type of potential business that can be developed is the management of eucalyptus oil. While the alternative business sector is tourism, clean water, nine basic commodities and arwana fish. Keywords: Development, Village Owned Enterprises, prospective

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Sillitoe, Paul. "Forest and Demons in the Papua New Guinea Highlands." Australian Journal of Anthropology 4, no. 3 (December 1993): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1993.tb00177.x.

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35

Jones, Hugh I. "HEMATOZOA FROM MONTANE FOREST BIRDS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 21, no. 1 (January 1985): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-21.1.7.

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vanGURP, GERALD, TIMOTHY J. HUTCHISON, and WILLIAM A. ALTO. "Arrow Wound Management in Papua New Guinea." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 30, no. 2 (February 1990): 183–288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199002000-00008.

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37

Shearman, Phil L., Julian Ash, Brendan Mackey, Jane E. Bryan, and Barbara Lokes. "Forest Conversion and Degradation in Papua New Guinea 1972-2002." Biotropica 41, no. 3 (May 2009): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00495.x.

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38

Bryan, Jane, J. B. Kirkpatrick, P. L. Shearman, and J. Ash. "On estimating tropical forest carbon dynamics in Papua New Guinea." Annals of Forest Science 68, no. 2 (March 2011): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0042-x.

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Yosi, Cossey K., Rodney J. Keenan, and Julian C. Fox. "Forest dynamics after selective timber harvesting in Papua New Guinea." Forest Ecology and Management 262, no. 6 (September 2011): 895–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.007.

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40

Woolston, Chris. "Tapping local knowledge to save a Papua New Guinea forest." Nature 594, no. 7863 (June 14, 2021): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01587-7.

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Milne, Simon. "Tourism development in Papua New Guinea." Annals of Tourism Research 18, no. 3 (January 1991): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(91)90058-j.

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Saulei, S. M., and M. D. Swaine. "Rain Forest Seed Dynamics During Succession at Gogol, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Ecology 76, no. 4 (December 1988): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260639.

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43

Estreguil, Christine, and Eric F. Lambin. "Mapping forest-cover disturbances in Papua New Guinea with AVHRR data." Journal of Biogeography 23, no. 6 (November 1996): 757–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.1996.tb00037.x.

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44

OLIVER, PAUL, STEPHEN RICHARDS, and BURHAN TJATURADI. "Two new species of Callulops (Anura: Microhylidae) from montane forests in New Guinea." Zootaxa 3178, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3178.1.3.

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Two new species of microhylid frogs assigned to the genus Callulops are described from the mountains of New Guinea.Callulops fojaensis sp. nov. is known only from mid-montane forest in the Foja Mountains of Papua Province, IndonesianNew Guinea, and can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of moderate size, short limbs, slightly expandedfinger and toe discs, and uniform brown dorsal and lateral colouration. Callulops mediodiscus sp. nov. is known from asingle site in mid-montane forest in Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, and can be distinguished from allcongeners by its wide finger and toe discs, moderate size and short advertisement call. Description of these two new frogspecies brings the number of Callulops known to 18, of which at least nine are only known from montane regions (>1000 m above sea level).

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DAVIS, ROBERT A., GUY DUTSON, and JUDIT K. SZABO. "Conservation status of threatened and endemic birds of New Britain, Papua New Guinea." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270917000156.

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SummaryNew Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea supports 14 endemic bird species and together with New Ireland, forms an Endemic Bird Area that supports 38 restricted range species. Extensive conversion of lowland forest to oil palm plantations resulted in the loss of over 20% of forest under 100 m altitude between 1989 and 2000. However the rate of loss has subsequently slowed (2.2% loss across all altitudes between 2002 and 2014), and much forest remains at higher altitudes: 72% of New Britain remained forested (including secondary forest) in 2014. Despite the ongoing high threat and rich endemic bird fauna, the state of knowledge of the conservation status of birds in New Britain is very poor. We use an unprecedented dataset based on 415 hours of bird surveys conducted in oil palm plantations, as well as primary and secondary forests at all altitudes, to revise the IUCN status of New Britain’s birds. These data indicate that six species of elevated conservation concern are less dependent on old-growth forest than previously assessed. We recommend reduced population size estimates for one species, New Britain Kingfisher Todiramphus albonotatus. We recommend increased population size estimates for seven species: Pied Cuckoo-dove Reinwardtoena browni, Yellowish Imperial Pigeon Ducula subflavescens, Green-fronted Hanging Parrot Loriculus tener, Blue-eyed Cockatoo Cacatua opthalmica, Violaceous Coucal Centropus violaceous, New Britain Boobook Ninox odiosa and New Britain Thrush Zoothera talaseae. Despite our comprehensive surveys, Slaty-backed Goshawk Accipiter luteoschistaceus, New Britain Sparrowhawk Accipiter brachyurus, New Britain Bronzewing Henicophaps foersteri and Golden Masked-owl Tyto aurantia remain very rarely recorded and require further assessment. With ongoing habitat loss, particularly in lowland areas, New Britain’s birds urgently require more attention.

46

HS Chang. "Quality management in the Papua New Guinea horticultural sector." Stewart Postharvest Review 7, no. 3 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2212/spr.2011.3.11.

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Subramanyam, Revanuru. "Solid Waste Management in Lae City, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.371.

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Lae city is the capital of the Morobe Province in Papua New Guinea. It is the main land transport corridor, the country's main industrial hub and largest cargo port. As a result of the urbanization and industrialization process, more people had migrated to Lae city for better opportunities. These activities contributed to the generation of a considerable amount of solid waste that has become a real concern. The present research aims to understand the existing practices of Solid Waste Management, to estimate per capita waste generation rate and composition of waste, to identify the issues and challenges faced in this regard and suggest methods for improvement. All wastes from the city are discarded at the Second Seventh Landfill (SSL) open dump site, located about 10 to 12 kilometers drive away from the city, causing enormous pollution to the surrounding environment. The per capita waste generation rate witnessed was 0.312 kg per capita per day with a composition of 66% organic waste, 22% recyclable, and 12% non-recyclable materials. It was found that ineffective legislation, lack of law enforcement were the challenges faced by the Lae city council. Rehabilitation of SSL or the construction of a new sanitary land fill should be recommended for effective management.

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Lodewijks, John, Diane Enahoro, and George Argyrous. "Structural Adjustment Issues in Papua New Guinea." Economic and Labour Relations Review 2, no. 1 (June 1991): 154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469100200109.

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Arihafa, Arison, and Andrew L. Mack. "Treefall Gap Dynamics in a Tropical Rain Forest in Papua New Guinea." Pacific Science 67, no. 1 (January 2013): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2984/67.1.4.

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Sam, Katerina, Bonny Koane, Samuel Jeppy, and Vojtech Novotny. "Effect of forest fragmentation on bird species richness in Papua New Guinea." Journal of Field Ornithology 85, no. 2 (May 26, 2014): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12057.

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