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1
Podrezov, Yury V. "Principal Directions for Prevention of Emergency Fire Situations in Forests." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 2 (April 15, 2023): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-172-182.
Анотація:
The study investigates the central current issues in extreme forest fire extinction from organizational and technological perspectives. An analysis of the problems in the field of forest pyrology is established on the principles of systematic approach, methods of logical analysis and synthesis of ongoing processes. It indicates the need to develop modern mechanisms against forest fires of various types, which are often the origins of emergency forest fires of various scales. It has been determined that the scientifically substantiated ways of arrangement and implementation of measures for fire prevention and elimination should be supported by an adequate functioning system for scientifically based management decisions. Such a system should be grounded on the processes of the integrated fire monitoring and predicting of the forest fire situation, supervising and estimating the dynamics as well as consequences of the forest fires, their sources of various types and emergency scenarios with gradated threat scales. There are multiple fire extinguishing techniques with various productivity, environmental friendliness, cost efficiency, speed response that have been practically proven over a long period of time. Although the elevation of the results, according to the parameters of the reduced number of burns and the forest areas covered by fire, shows the need for improvement, as well as the generation and realization of the new modern methods against burns on wooded areas especially with the damaging factors. It is recommended to reduce the fire hazard class caused by weather conditions by using an environmentally compatible and efficient electrophysical principals. Such response procedures have gone through an extensive practical examination in different geographical conditions of the Russian Federation and in several foreign countries. It should be mentioned that this approach has a great potential for prevention and termination of large forest fires, reducing the damaging factors coming from the sources of emergency fire situations. For citation: Podrezov Yu.V. Principal Directions for Prevention of Emergency Fire Situations in Forests. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 172–182. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-172-182
2
k, k. "Research on Strengthening the Management of Forest and Grassland Fire Prevention Ability in Ethnic Areas of Southwest China." East Asian Trade Association 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47510/jeat.2023.5.2.1.
Анотація:
Purpose - Nowadays, forest and grassland fires are very serious in the world, and the area of forests and grasslands burned each year is close to one thousandth of the world’s existing forest and grassland area. The serious impact of fires on ecology not only affects the development of the world economy, but also seriously damages the human living environment.
Design/Methodology/Approach - How to strengthen the construction of forest and grassland fire prevention capabilities has undoubtedly become an urgent problem that countries around the world need to solve.
Findings - Wu Yingda et al. (2022) summarized their research and concluded that in 1988, China issued and implemented the “Forest Fire Prevention Regulations”. In 2010, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the “National Grassland Fire Emergency Plan”. In 2012, the General Office of the State Council issued the “National Forest Fire Emergency Plan”.
Research Implications - Liu Yongbi (2001) believes that these factors have led to complex fire prevention work in the southwestern region, especially in ethnic minority areas, and difficulties in fire source management and prediction. Based on this, how to scientifically and effectively prevent and manage forest and grassland fires in southwestern ethnic minority areas, and find more practical and feasible forest and grassland fire prevention strategies is an important way for China to make breakthroughs in forest and grassland fire prevention work in southwestern ethnic areas, and even the entire southwestern region.
3
Hnilicová, Michaela, Matej Priatka, Richard Hnilica, and Valéria Messingerová. "Technological employment of fire-fighting adapter to increase the efficiency of extinguishing forest fires." Central European Forestry Journal 68, no. 4 (October 21, 2022): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0009.
Анотація:
Abstract The paper presents the results of the solution defining the possible application of the adapter as a fire-fighting mobile device with a base machine of a forest wheeled skidder (LKT) in the fire protection of forests in the Slovak Republic. Following the challenging accessibility to fire-fighting machinery during any intervention in forestry operation, the main aim was formulated. It will be about basic technical parameters of the DATEFF fire-fighting adapter, resulting from operational measures and following specification of its tactical deployment in extinguishing forest fires. This fact also follows from based on statistically processed data on fire in state forests of the Slovak Republic in the last ten years. The greatest damage occurs mainly the forests at a slope gradient of 16%. Designed fire adapter is structurally designed mainly to these terrains. Regarding its design and technical parameters, the proposed DATEFF adapter can be employed tactically as fire-fighting mobile device. In the case of an unavailable water source without access to the forest transport network, the adapter can be used as a part of long-distance water transport or as a mobile device for emergency import of material. Another option is to use it as a water tank in inaccessible terrain with the possibility of refilling using a Bambi bag and a helicopter. This fire-fighting adapter DATEFF is designed for forest wheel tractors that reach 40% slope availability, are able to work on the stand area, overcome obstacles and are available in sufficient quantities in all Slovak forest owners.
4
Liu, Hu, Siliang Liu, and Yongliang Tian. "Flight Simulation of Fire-Fighting Aircraft Based on Multi-Factor Coupling Modeling of Forest Fire." Aerospace 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2024): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040267.
Анотація:
Forest fires can develop rapidly and may cause a wide range of hazards. Therefore, aerial firefighting, which has the ability to respond and reach fire fields quickly, is of great significance to the emergency response to and subsequent extinguishing of forest fires. The burning of forest fires generates a lot of heat and smoke, which changes the air flow environment and vision over the region and brings challenges to aerial firefighting. In the present work, aerial forest firefighting simulation was divided into the forest fire spread model, the air flow model and the aircraft flight dynamic and automatic control model. Each model was constructed based on a physical method. An integrated framework was designed to realize the interaction among fire fields, airfields, and aircraft, and is verified. The proposed framework can be used for the emergency response decision of aerial forest fire fighting and subsequent fire-fighting mission planning.
5
Zhou, Cui. "Research of Provincial Forest Fire Emergency Resource Management Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 2519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2519.
Анотація:
In order to strengthen informatization for forest fire emergency resources management, a framework of resource integration and information sharing was put forward. The construction goal, software and hardware structure and its function, emergency platform cantacting with other government and information update process were researched. Forest fire emergency resources in departments of interconnection and interflow, information sharing and emergency linkage were achieved.
6
Amol, Dhumal Rashmi. "Prediction of Fire Propagation in Forest Areas using Genetic Algorithm." ITM Web of Conferences 32 (2020): 03046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203203046.
Анотація:
Forest fire causes significant damages to environment and living organisms. It becomes troublesome to recover from the consequences of forest fire. The early and accurate prediction of forest fire propagation in forest area will help in fire management efforts. The models required for prediction of forest fire spread requires many parameters and which are not known precisely during the emergency. So there is a need of intelligent system to model and predict the propagation of forest fire to reduce the consequences of forest fire and minimize the management efforts. In this work, we have discussed different techniques available in literature for forest fire prediction. This paper also describes the implementation and analysis of prediction of forest fire propagation using Genetic Algorithm and Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming.
7
Nesterenko, A. G., S. I. Shepelyuk, V. A. Zokoev, and B. Babic. "Improvement of safety activities during forest fire emergency." ПОЖАРОВЗРЫВОБЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ 27, no. 10 (2018): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18322/pvb.2018.27.10.56-65.
8
Calatayud, C., and C. Georgopoulos. "66 Burn Disasters: Role of the Fire Brigade Health Department in Forest Fires." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 8, S3 (September 1993): S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00047646.
9
Al-Kaff, Abdulla, Ángel Madridano, Sergio Campos, Fernando García, David Martín, and Arturo de la Escalera. "Emergency Support Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Forest Fire Surveillance." Electronics 9, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020260.
Анотація:
The advances in autonomous technologies and microelectronics have increased the use of Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in more critical applications, such as forest fire monitoring and fighting. In addition, implementing surveillance methods that provide rich information about the fires is considered a great tool for Emergency Response Teams (ERT). From this aspect and in collaboration with Telefónica Digital España, Dronitec S.L, and Divisek Systems, this paper presents a fire monitoring system based on perception algorithms, implemented on a UAV, to perform surveillance tasks allowing the monitoring of a specific area, in which several algorithms have been implemented to perform the tasks of autonomous take-off/landing, trajectory planning, and fire monitoring. This UAV is equipped with RGB and thermal cameras, temperature sensors, and communication modules in order to provide full information about the fire and the UAV itself, sending these data to the ground station in real time. The presented work is validated by performing several flights in a real environment, and the obtained results show the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed system, against different weather conditions.
10
Eritsov, A. M., D. M. Sekerin, A. A. Krektunov, and S. V. Zalesov. "Features of fire season 2022 in Kurgan region." Forestry Bulletin 27, no. 4 (August 2023): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-4-73-80.
Анотація:
On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the weather conditions, the necessary extinguishing equipment provided and the additional forces and means involvement, the dynamics of the number of forest fires with the area covered during the fire season have been shown in the article. It was established that in 2022, 468 forest fires were recorded in the forest fund of the Kurgan region and their area was 123 709,48 ha. Thanks to the involvement of additional forces and fire extinguishing equipment, despite adverse weather conditions, it was possible to reduce the number of forest fires by 2,8 times compared to 2021 and reduce the number of large fires by 2 times. At the same time, in 2022 an increase in the area covered by fires and the average area of forest fires were recorded. It has been established that in the region there is a tendency to increase the burning of the forests which necessitates more strict control over compliance with fire safety rules. It is recommended to timely introduce a regional emergency mode and more quickly maneuver the fire forces and means. Taking into account that the part of the forest fund part is contaminated with radionuclides as well as swampiness, it is recommended to use aviation forces and means more widely in protecting forests from fires.
11
Podrezov, Yuri V. "Features, Promising Methods, Means and Technologies for Combating Forest Fires - Sources of Emergency Forest fire Situations." Технологии гражданской безопасности 18, no. 1 (2021): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54234/cst.19968493.2021.18.1.67.7.36.
12
Laneve, Giovanni, and Lorenzo Fusilli. "High resolution fire hazard index based on satellite images." Territorium, no. 26(I) (February 5, 2018): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_26-1_3.
Анотація:
In December 2015, after 3 year of activity, the FP7 project PREFER (Space-based Information Support for Prevention and REcovery of Forest Fires Emergency in the MediteRranean Area) came to an end. The project was designed to respond to the need to improve the use of satellite images in applications related to the emergency services, in particular, to forest fires. The project aimed at developing, validating and demonstrating information products based on optical and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery for supporting the prevention of forest fires and the recovery/damage assessment of burnt area. The present paper presents an improved version of one of the products developed under the PREFER project, which is the Daily Fire Hazard Index (DFHI).
13
Kaltenbrunner, Andrea. "Waldbrandprävention im Kanton Graubünden | Forest fire prevention in Canton Grisons." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 161, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2010.0460.
Анотація:
Thanks to fast alarm systems and modern fire-fighting equipment most forest fires can be extinguished while still very small. Nevertheless, the fire brigade and forest organisations in the Grisons are recurringly confronted with larger fires. Over the past twenty years the Grisons Forestry Service and the fire section of the cantonal Building Insurance Company have invested in fire prevention and improved fire-fighting techniques. To monitor and assess the risk of forest fires, the computer-aided forest fire forecasting system “Incendi” was developed. On its basis, regional forest fire risk maps are drawn up and bans on the lighting of fires are imposed. For use in case of fire, the Forestry Service has drawn up maps of the whole Canton Grisons showing water supply points in and near the forest. Where there are gaps in the water supply, artificial water sources are being created. Fifteen years ago a concept of forest fire-fighting bases was elaborated. The most important elements of this concept are the 18 regional depots of mobile fire-fighting material, which in case of emergency can be transported where needed. The present-day administrative structures and the precautionary measures taken in the Grisons fulfil the conditions for efficient forest fire prevention and control.
14
Ustinov, A., and Eugene Pitukhin. "Improving the Efficiency of Protection of the Forest Fire Machine against Forest Fires with the Help of Composite Materials." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.700.
Анотація:
The article presents the results of work aimed at improving the efficiency of forest fire protection machine from forest fires using composite materials. The composition and technology of composite material “water glass – graphite microparticles” production is proposed. It was found that composite material is able to maintain the phase composition and structure at elevated temperatures. Methods of application of fire-retardant composite material on the protected surfaces are considered. The values of limit loads that lead to the destruction of composite material are revealed. A mathematical model was developed and a numerical experiment of high temperatures on composite material was carried out using it as a fire-retardant coating. The resulting composite material can be used as a protective coating for the surfaces of the enclosure of cabins of forest fire machines, building structures. CM can be used as a lining of equipment in the thermal power and metallurgical industries, as well as in equipment used in emergency situations.
15
Li, Bo, Bin Li, and Hong Ze Yang. "Preliminary Studies on the Functional and Structural Design of Forest Fire Helmet." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.605.
Анотація:
In order to improve the performance of forest fire protection equipment, this paper proposes a new design concept of modern forest fire helmet. The scheme combines the functions of infrared thermal imaging, wireless communication and emergency oxygen making, which not only meets the security requirements in firemen’s present working, but also accords with the development of fire helmets at home and abroad. This helmet adopts the design conception of integration structurally, its weight and operation difficulty are both reduced, at the same time, accords with the Man-Machine Engineering. Moreover, using the three-dimensional processing software, this study realizes a simulation model of the designed forest fire helmet.
16
Đorđević, Goran, Tatjana Dimitrijević, Marko Tomić, Vanja Stojanović, Tatjana Ćirković-Mitrović, and Ljiljana Brašanac-Bosanac. "Headquarters for emergency situation as elements of the risk management system for large forest fires." Sustainable Forestry: Collection, no. 87-88 (2023): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor2388217d.
Анотація:
In recent years, forest fires are becoming more frequent, which is partly a consequence of global warming and the appearance of extremely hot summers, more frequent occurrences of drought, as well as increased wind intensity, but primarily as a consequence of great human carelessness and sometimes evil intentions. Large forest fires are a serious danger and their occurrence and spread directly endangers people, buildings, material goods and the environment. Emergency situation during this type of fires can be declared when a large area of quality forest is affected, when there is an immediate danger to people, material goods or the environment. When declaring an emergency situation, emergency headquarters and expert operational teams are activated whose task is to manage the risk in forest fire protection and to take measures to reduce the risk and protect people and material goods. The functioning of the operations centers and the effective implementation of measures have a direct impact on the efficiency of extinguishing large forest fires and the degree of efficiency in protecting people, buildings and property. The main goal of this paper was the analysis of the work and significance of the headquarters for emergency situation as a risk management factor in forest fire protection.
17
Lan, Kaixin, Bohao Duan, Shichao Qiu, Yang Xiao, Meng Liu, and Haocen Dai. "Task Allocation and Traffic Route Optimization in Hybrid Fire-fighting Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Network." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 9 (September 30, 2022): 340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v9i.1864.
Анотація:
With the increase of extreme weather conditions in the world, the probability of forest fires is increasing. How the forest fire management decision-making system can monitor and control the fire quickly and effectively is the key of forest fire fighting work. This paper uses SSA drones carrying high-definition and thermal imaging cameras and telemetry sensors in conjunction, as well as Repeater drones used to greatly expand the frontline low-power radio range, to support fire management decision-making systems. At the same time, explore a drone cooperation plan to deal with different fire terrains and different scales of fire conditions. The aim of this paper is to improve the existing fire management decision system in order to quickly respond to the emergency fire. Research object for the Australian state of Victoria on October 1, 2019 to January 7, 2020 wildfires, explore SSA drones and Repeater drones in the application of the forest fire, ensure that fire management decision-making system to provide the optimal number deployment scheme of fire task quickly and efficiently, and achieve the maximum efficiency and economic optimal compatibility.
18
Perminov, V. A., and K. O. Fryanova. "Mathematical modeling of the initiation and spread of forest fires and their impact on buildings and structures." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 99, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ph3/54-61.
Анотація:
Currently, methods of mathematical modeling are used to study processes in emergency situations. Forest fires are extremely complex and destructive natural phenomena which depend on availability of fuel, meteorological and other conditions. Mathematical model of forest fire is based on an analysis of known experimental data and using concept and methods from reactive media mechanics. In this paper the theoretical study of the problems of crown forest fire spread in windy condition and their thermal impact on the wooden building were carried out. The research was based on numerical solution of two-dimensional Reynolds equations. The boundary-value problem is solved numerically using the method of splitting according to physical processes. A discrete analogue for the system of equations was obtained by means of the control volume method. A study of forest fire spreading made it possible to obtain a detailed picture of the change of the component concentration of gases and temperature fields in forest fire and on the wall of building with time. It let to determine the limiting distances between forest fire and building for possibility of wooden walls ignition for different meteorology conditions, size of building and intensity of fire impact.
19
Novkovic, Ivan, Goran B. Markovic, Djordje Lukic, Slavoljub Dragicevic, Marko Milosevic, Snezana Djurdjic, Ivan Samardzic, Tijana Lezaic, and Marija Tadic. "GIS-Based Forest Fire Susceptibility Zonation with IoT Sensor Network Support, Case Study—Nature Park Golija, Serbia." Sensors 21, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 6520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196520.
Анотація:
The territory of the Republic of Serbia is vulnerable to various natural disasters, among which forest fires stand out. In relation with climate changes, the number of forest fires in Serbia has been increasing from year to year. Protected natural areas are especially endangered by wildfires. For Nature Park Golija, as the second largest in Serbia, with an area of 75,183 ha, and with MaB Reserve Golija-Studenica on part of its territory (53,804 ha), more attention should be paid in terms of forest fire mitigation. GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis are indispensable when it comes to spatial analysis for the purpose of natural disaster risk management. Index-based and fuzzy AHP methods were used, together with TOPSIS method for forest fire susceptibility zonation. Very high and high forest fire susceptibility zone were recorded on 26.85% (Forest Fire Susceptibility Index) and 25.75% (fuzzy AHP). The additional support for forest fire prevention is realized through an additional Internet of Thing (IoT)-based sensor network that enables the continuous collection of local meteorological and environmental data, which enables low-cost and reliable real-time fire risk assessment and detection and the improved long-term and short-term forest fire susceptibility assessment. Obtained results can be applied for adequate forest fire risk management, improvement of the monitoring, and early warning systems in the Republic of Serbia, but are also important for relevant authorities at national, regional, and local level, which will be able to coordinate and intervene in a case of emergency events.
20
Кректунов, А. А., Я. Н. Васьков, А. М. Ерицов, and И. М. Секерин. "PROTECTION OF SETLEMENTS SUBJECTED TO THE THREAT OF FOREST FIRES BY STATE FIRE SUPERVISION AUTHORITIES OF RUSSIA MINISTRY OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS FEDERAL FIRE SERVICE." Леса России и хозяйство в них, no. 2(81) (August 3, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51318/fret.2022.83.31.002.
Анотація:
В статье представлены результаты анализа нормативно-правовых документов, регламен- тирующих работу органов местного самоуправления по защите населенных пунктов от природных по- жаров. Представлен перечень первичных мер пожарной безопасности, реализуемых органами местного самоуправления в целях охраны населенных пунктов от лесных пожаров, а также перечень разработанных документов по указанному направлению деятельности. Особое внимание уделено подготовке к пожароопасному периоду. Отмечается, что обеспечение охраны населенных пунктов от лесных пожаров включает в себя несколько этапов, в том числе разработку и согла- сование ряда документов, устанавливающих требования пожарной безопасности, а также конкретных лиц за реализацию каждого направления. Полноценная защита населенных пунктов от лесных пожаров может быть обеспечена только при ус- ловии эффективного противопожарного устройства лесов вокруг них при слаженной совместной работе местного населения, подразделений всех видов пожарной охраны и работников лесного хозяйства. The article presents the results of the analysis of legal documents regulating the work of local governments to protect settlements from wildfi res. A list of primary fi re safety measures implemented by local governments in order to protect settlements from forest fi res, as well as a list of documents developed in this area ol activity, is presented. Particular attention is paid to the preparation for the fi re hazard period. It is noted that ensuring the protection of settlements from forest fi res includes several stages including the development and approval of a number of documents establishing fi re safety requirements, as well as specifi c individuals for the implementation of lach direction. Full protection of settlements from forest fi res can be ensured only if the forest around them are effectively fi re fi ghted, with the coordinated joint work of the local population, a unit of all types of fi re protection and forestry workers.
21
Ramya, S., P. Pallavi, G. Radhika, and Mrs A. Jyothi. "Forest Fire Detection Using Wifi Module and Camera Surveillance." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42674.
Анотація:
Abstract: Forest fires result in extreme damage to the ecosystem and cause serious threats to the environment. The response time of emergency teams greatly affects the consequences and losses caused, so preserving forests and making efforts into improving the existing approaches to stop fires should be our main concern. The proposed system detects fire by taking a few natural variables into consideration such as temperature, humidity and smoke. The realtime monitoring of these elements takes us one step closer to our goal, the camera surveillance and Wi-Fi module help us monitor the values of respective variables at an instant to make the system efficient. In case of fire, the temperature sensor, smoke sensor and fire sensor give alert to the system through the Wi-Fi module and the help can immediately reach the affected area and take necessary steps to make the losses minimum. The camera surveillance helps us analyse the spread of the fire to ensure necessary equipment is being taken and also helps in finding the cause of the fire Keywords: Wifi module, Camera surveillance, Fire detection, Buzzer, Camera, Mobile application
22
Podrezov, J. V. "METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MODELING THE CONSEQUENCES OF EMERGENCY FOREST FIRE SITUATIONS." Проблемы безопасности и чрезвычайных ситуаций, no. 5 (2022): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36535/0869-4176-2022-05-5.
23
Xu, Haizhou, Gui Zhang, Zhaoming Zhou, Xiaobing Zhou, and Cui Zhou. "Forest Fire Monitoring and Positioning Improvement at Subpixel Level: Application to Himawari-8 Fire Products." Remote Sensing 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102460.
Анотація:
Forest fires are among the biggest threats to forest ecosystems and forest resources, and can lead to ecological disasters and social crises. Therefore, it is imperative to detect and extinguish forest fires in time to reduce their negative impacts. Satellite remote sensing, especially meteorological satellites, has been a useful tool for forest-fire detection and monitoring because of its high temporal resolution over large areas. Researchers monitor forest fires directly at pixel level, which usually presents a mixture of forest and fire, but the low spatial resolution of such mixed pixels cannot accurately locate the exact position of the fire, and the optimal time window for fire suppression can thus be missed. In order to improve the positioning accuracy of the origin of forest fire (OriFF), we proposed a mixed-pixel unmixing integrated with pixel-swapping algorithm (MPU-PSA) model to monitor the OriFFs in time. We then applied the model to the Japanese Himawari-8 Geostationary Meteorological Satellite data to obtain forest-fire products at subpixel level. In this study, the ground truth data were provided by the Department of Emergency Management of Hunan Province, China. To validate the positioning accuracy of MPU-PSA for OriFFs, we applied the model to the Himawari-8 satellite data and then compared the derived fire results with fifteen reference forest-fire events that occurred in Hunan Province, China. The results show that the extracted forest-fire locations using the proposed method, referred to as forest fire locations at subpixel (FFLS) level, were far closer to the actual OriFFs than those from the modified Himawari-8 Wild Fire Product (M-HWFP). This improvement will help to reduce false fire claims in the Himawari-8 Wild Fire Product (HWFP). We conducted a comparative study of M-HWFP and FFLS products using three accuracy-evaluation indexes, i.e., Euclidean distance, RMSE, and MAE. The mean distances between M-HWFP fire locations and OriFFs and between FFLS fire locations and OriFFs were 3362.21 m and 1294.00 m, respectively. The mean RMSEs of the M-HWFP and FFLS products are 1225.52 m and 474.93 m, respectively. The mean MAEs of the M-HWFP and FFLS products are 992.12 m and 387.13 m, respectively. We concluded that the newly proposed MPU-PSA method can extract forest-fire locations at subpixel level, providing higher positioning accuracy of forest fires for their suppression.
24
Nunes, Carvalho-Santos, and Pastor. "Impacts of Wildfires on Hydrological Ecosystem Services." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (January 19, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030048.
Анотація:
Forest and natural landscapes are usually considered to provide increased hydrological services over agriculture due to increased vegetation cover. Natural vegetation is expected to protect soils against erosion, regulate floods by increasing litter and soil water retention and decreased sediment yield. Afforestation is therefore used to control floods and prevent soil degradation, and water supplies are usually taken from forested watersheds. In the second half of the XXth century, agricultural abandonment in the northern rim of the Mediterranean led to extensive afforestation and renaturalization, and Mediterranean landscapes are now assumed to provide more hydrological services than before. However, Mediterranean forests are also prone to wildfires, which destroy the vegetation cover, changes soil properties with decreased soil water retention and create a highly mobile ash layer which can contaminate streams. These impacts temporarily negate the hydrological ecosystem services forests normally provided; and in regions subjected to frequent and recurring fires, it is possible that the long-term service provisioning is severely impacted. Nevertheless, forest management strategies ranging from emergency post-fire stabilization measures to structural landscape management can help mitigate these issues and prevent ecosystem service disruptions in fire-prone forests. This presentation will address this issue from a Mediterranean perspective, starting with an overview of post-fire impacts and consequences, and presenting results for a humid Mediterranean fire-prone area.
25
Chai-Allah, Abdesslam, and Eric Maillé. "Mapping Forest Fire Risk in Mediterranean forests—A Case Study of SUD-Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Region (SE, France)." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 13, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-08107.
Анотація:
Forests represent both valuable and vulnerable natural resources because of the various ecosystem services they provide and their sensitivity to climate change and fires. In the Mediterranean region, the depth of transformations in the rural land use, with mass abandonment of traditional activities (farming, livestock raising, and forest utilization) and an acceleration of urban sprawl, has affected the impact of fires on the territory and especially on the wildland–urban interface (WUI). The objective of the present study is to generate maps of forest fire risk in the region of SUD-Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (France), integrating natural factors (vegetation type, topography and meteorology conditions, etc.) and human factors related to the closeness to causative elements that can potentially be the ignition point of fires (transport and power infrastructures, settlements and scattered buildings, etc.). GIS spatial analysis was used to combine single influence factors in risk maps to display the total fire risk map. These maps could be especially helpful in land management and emergency planning to minimize the effects of forest fires.
26
Schweizer, Donald, Haiganoush Preisler, Marcela Entwistle, Hamed Gharibi, and Ricardo Cisneros. "Using a Statistical Model to Estimate the Effect of Wildland Fire Smoke on Ground Level PM2.5 and Asthma in California, USA." Fire 6, no. 4 (April 16, 2023): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6040159.
Анотація:
Forest fire activity has been increasing in California. Satellite imagery data along with ground level measurements of PM2.5 have been previously used to determine the presence and level of smoke. In this study, emergency room visits for asthma are explored for the impacts of wildland smoke over the entire state of California for the years 2008–2015. Smoke events included extreme high-intensity fire and smoke along with low and moderate smoke events. The presence of wildland fire smoke detected by remote sensing significantly increased fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and significantly increased the odds of exceeding expected concentrations of PM2.5 at ground level. Smoke observed above a monitoring site increases the chance of PM2.5 exceeding 35 µg m−3 (odds ratio 114 (87–150) when high levels of smoke are detected). The strength of association of an asthma emergency room visit is increased with higher PM2.5 concentrations. The odds ratios (OR) are highest for asthma hospital visits when daily mean PM2.5 concentrations experienced exceed 35 µg m−3 for multiple days (OR 1.38 (1.21–1.57) with 3 days). Nonetheless, on days with wildland fire smoke, the association of an emergency room visit for asthma due to PM2.5 is not observed. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and determine if this is a product of smoke avoidance and reduction of personal exposure during smoke episodes.
27
Duclos, Philippe, Lee M. Sanderson, and Michael Lipsett. "The 1987 Forest Fire Disaster in California: Assessment of Emergency Room Visits." Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 45, no. 1 (February 1990): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1990.9935925.
28
Huang, Wei Dong, Bang Lan Ding, and Li Yan. "The Design of Dynamic Response System Based on Digital Emergency Plan." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1855.
Анотація:
For emergency dynamic response, the system structure of emergency response system is designed. On the basic of analysis of the structure of emergency plan process, the algorithm of outside push and pull back is designed to give out the mechanism of reorganization and reasoning emergency plan knowledge, by using the theory of relationship compound in the category theory. Taking the forest fire emergency response system as a prototype, the paper achieves the automatic generation of digital emergency plan, which effectively improves the applicability of the generation of emergency plan and the capability of knowledge sharing.
29
Luz, Andréa Eliza O., Rogério G. Negri, Klécia G. Massi, Marilaine Colnago, Erivaldo A. Silva, and Wallace Casaca. "Mapping Fire Susceptibility in the Brazilian Amazon Forests Using Multitemporal Remote Sensing and Time-Varying Unsupervised Anomaly Detection." Remote Sensing 14, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102429.
Анотація:
The economic and environmental impacts of wildfires have leveraged the development of new technologies to prevent and reduce the occurrence of these devastating events. Indeed, identifying and mapping fire-susceptible areas arise as critical tasks, not only to pave the way for rapid responses to attenuate the fire spreading, but also to support emergency evacuation plans for the families affected by fire-related tragedies. Aiming at simultaneously mapping and measuring the risk of fires in the forest areas of Brazil’s Amazon, in this paper we combine multitemporal remote sensing, derivative spectral indices, and anomaly detection into a fully unsupervised methodology. We focus our analysis on recent forest fire events that occurred in the Brazilian Amazon by exploring multitemporal images acquired by both Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager and Modis sensors. We experimentally confirm that the current methodology is capable of predicting fire outbreaks immediately at posterior instants, which attests to the operational performance and applicability of our approach to preventing and mitigating the impact of fires in Brazilian forest regions.
30
Hnilica, Richard, Miroslava Ťavodová, Michaela Hnilicová, Jaroslav Matej, and Valéria Messingerová. "The Innovative Design of the Fire-Fighting Adapter for Forest Machinery." Forests 11, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080843.
Анотація:
The presented article presents an innovative solution of a fire-fighting adapter based on the basic hypothesis: to provide sufficient technical support in difficult terrain conditions for water transport logistics in order to quickly prevent the spread and destruction of forest fire. At present, when forest fires begin, it is often quite complicated to provide sufficient technical support for the quick prevention and elimination of fires. This fact is largely eliminated by the designed fire-fighting adapter. The mentioned fire-fighting adapter can be used as a fire-fighting mobile device with a base machine of a forest wheeled skidder (LKT), part of the long-distance transport of water in difficult terrain (lake system), a water tank in difficult terrain with the possibility of filling the Bambi bag with a helicopter, part of the long-distance transport of water in the case of a difficult water source without a forest access road network, and a mobile device for emergency transportation of materials in difficult terrain. In addition to the use for fighting forest fires, the fire adapter can also be used to provide for transport of water for forest nurseries (irrigation), freshly planted areas in the event of prolonged drought, the filling of watering-places for forest animals and filling puddles in the dry season. When designing the supporting frame, we used and imitated the evolutionary approach of nature in the form of generative design. The presented paper deals with the use of modern composite materials in the design of superstructures for base machines, which gradually acquire meaning. The main reason for the increasing use of fiberglass is to achieve higher strength and safer weight reduction. This adapter is designed for forest wheel tractors that reach 40% slope availability, are able to work on the stand area, overcome obstacles and are available in sufficient quantities in all Slovak forest areas.
31
Oleynik, M. V. "Improving state policy on forest fire prevention and extinguishing: administrative and legal aspects." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 6 (September 25, 2021): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.82.6.177-184.
Анотація:
In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the existing legal mechanisms for the formation of the state system for the prevention and elimination of forest fires, to outline ways to improve state policy in this area. The author presents the results of the analysis of the content of text arrays of normative legal acts regulating the prevention and elimination of forest fires. disaster Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The genesis of legislative acts reflecting the functions of the state to protect the population and territories from emergency situations is carried out. With the help of content analysis, the characteristics of various governing documents in the field under consideration are given. The main key points contained in the analyzed documents are shown. The positive and negative sides, as well as contradictions affecting the functioning of the RSChS and the functional subsystem of the Federal Forestry Agency for the protection of forests from fires and their protection from pests and forest diseases are revealed. The qualitative approach of content analysis allowed us to determine the content of problematic issues that are poorly reflected in regulatory legal documents, or have a logical contradiction when compared with each other. The proposals for improving the state policy in the field of prevention and elimination of forest fires in Russia are substantiated.
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Gol'chevskii, Vitalii Feliksovich. "Organization of the Activities of the Police Units in Case of an Emergency Caused by Forest Fires." Полицейская деятельность, no. 5 (May 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0692.2022.5.38700.
Анотація:
The subject of the study of this article is public relations in the field of organization of activities and ensuring the safety of personnel of internal affairs bodies during the liquidation of the consequences of emergency situations. The object of the study is the formation and improvement of skills in the organization of management activities in the organization and conduct of work to eliminate the consequences of forest fires. The relevance of this work is related to improving the quality of professional training of police officers and the execution of the Decree of the President of Russia V. V. Putin "On combating forest fires", which sets the task for senior officials of the subjects of the Russian Federation to ensure a reduction in the area of forest fires in 2022-2030 by at least 50 percent relative to the level of 2021. The article analyzes the activities of the police units to ensure the safety of forests from fires. The issues of criminal responsibility for the commission of forest arson and the specifics of the disclosure of this type of crime are touched upon. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: a) a detailed analysis of the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs to ensure the safety of forests from fires is carried out; b) the need to improve the training of police officers to identify forest fires at the initial stage is justified; c) the issues of tactics of preparing police units for emergency situations are highlighted. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the need to improve the tactics of preparation of police units for prevention and action in the event of a threat of forest fires. The given statistical data and the considered example of a forest fire trial indicate the importance of ongoing research in this area and the need to tighten criminal liability for the destruction of forests by arson.
33
Kim, Yong-Ho, and Eun-Seon Baek. "Expansion of Firefighting Work Area by Improving the Forest Fire Response System in South Korea." Fire Science and Engineering 36, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.cc578790.
Анотація:
On April 1, 2020, the South Korean Fire Officials Act was revised by unifying the right to appoint fire officials and the class system. Over the past five years, firefighting has expanded large-scale personnel, replaced aging firefighting vehicles and supplied insufficient personal safety equipment, providing conditions for safer and quicker field activities. Furthermore, the scope of work has gradually expanded from firefighting to rescue, emergency, disaster and natural disaster and life safety activities. In particular, based on the lack of firefighting personnel and equipment and on-site command in the Uljin and Samcheok forest fires, which caused property damage of KRW 226.1 billion over 213 h since 1986, a more effective forest fire response system was established that expanded the scope of firefighting by converting the organization and budget operation authority of the Korea Forest Service to a firefighting-led suppression system that the public is aware of.
34
Sushko, Elena, Irina Ivanova, Dmitry Kargashilov, and Lyubov Manukhina. "Ability to use available electronic resources for modeling the development of forest fires." E3S Web of Conferences 376 (2023): 01091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337601091.
Анотація:
The article discusses various types of monitoring of forest fires, studied and analyzed satellites that are used by the space monitoring system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for remote sensing of the Earth. The statistical data of the Forestry Department on forest fires over the past 15 years in the territory of the Voronezh region are given. The dependence of the number of forest fires on meteorological conditions, in particular on the amount of precipitation, wind gusts and air temperature, was studied using the example of 2010 and 2020. The municipalities that are most prone to forest fires are identified. The monitoring systems of the forest fire situation on the territory of the Voronezh region, which are used in the crisis management center of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Voronezh region, are analyzed. The program "Forest Fires" has also been developed to predict the spread of forest fires based on the Methodology for assessing the consequences of forest fires, developed by the All-Russian Research Institute of Civil Defense and Emergency Situations in 1994 and put into effect by the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 14.04.1995. No. 194. A comparative analysis of the solution of the same problem with the same initial data in the developed program "Forest Fires" and in the risk analysis and management system (SAUR) of the automated information control system of the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergencies (AIUS RSChS) is presented.
35
García-Heras Hernández, Fabio, Jorge Gutiérrez Arroyo, and Olga Molinero González. "Ansiedad, estrés, y estados de ánimo del Personal Especialista en Extinción de Incendios Forestales (Anxiety, stress, and mood states of wildland firefighters)." Retos, no. 41 (December 18, 2020): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.85501.
Анотація:
Con la presente investigación se busca principalmente establecer un perfil de ansiedad, estrés y estados de ánimo del Personal Especialista en Extinción de Incendios Forestales (PEEIF) o bomberos forestales tanto a nivel general como en situaciones de emergencia. La muestra se compuso de 24 sujetos a los que se administró una batería de cuestionarios en tres ocasiones (sin emergencia, primer a emergencia y última emergencia), compuesta por un cuestionario sociodemográfico adhoc, el Perfil de Estados de Ánimo (POMS); y el Inventario de ansiedad estado-rasgo (STAI- E/R), realizando un análisis descriptivo y comparativo a través de la prueba t-student y comparaciones múltiples con Anova de medidas repetidas. Se observó que los miembros PEEIF, a nivel general, tenían valores bajos de ansiedad estado, ansiedad rasgo, tensión, depresión, cólera, fatiga y confusión, mientras que el vigor fue elevado. En situaciones de emergencia, los valores se vieron modificados en su totalidad, debido a la fuente de estrés que supone. Se demuestra que el trabajo de extinción de incendios forestales se caracteriza por tener efectos negativos a nivel emocional sobre sus profesionales, mediados por la experiencia, cargo y condiciones familiares.
Abstract: The present research mainly seeks to establish a profile of anxiety, stress and moods of the Forest Fire Extinction Specialist Personnel (PEEIF) or wildland firefighters both at a general level and in emergency situations. The sample was made up of 24 subjects who were administered a battery of questionnaires on three occasions (no emergency, first emergency and last emergency), composed of an ad-hoc sociodemographic questionnaire, the Profile of Mood States (POMS); and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-E / R), carrying out a descriptive and comparative analysis through the bat-student test and multiple comparisons with repeated measures Anova. It was observed that the PEEIF members, at a general level, had low values of state anxiety, trait anxiety, tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion, while vigor was high. In emergency situations, the values were modified in their entirety, due to the source of stress involved. It is shown that forest fire extinguishing work is characterized by having negative emotional effects on its professionals, mediated by experience, position and family conditions.
36
Xie, Zixi, Weiguo Song, Rui Ba, Xiaolian Li, and Long Xia. "A Spatiotemporal Contextual Model for Forest Fire Detection Using Himawari-8 Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (December 8, 2018): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121992.
Анотація:
Two of the main remote sensing data resources for forest fire detection have significant drawbacks: geostationary Earth Observation (EO) satellites have high temporal resolution but low spatial resolution, whereas Polar-orbiting systems have high spatial resolution but low temporal resolution. Therefore, the existing forest fire detection algorithms that are based on a single one of these two systems have only exploited temporal or spatial information independently. There are no approaches yet that have effectively merged spatial and temporal characteristics to detect forest fires. This paper fills this gap by presenting a spatiotemporal contextual model (STCM) that fully exploits geostationary data’s spatial and temporal dimensions based on the data from Himawari-8 Satellite. We used an improved robust fitting algorithm to model each pixel’s diurnal temperature cycles (DTC) in the middle and long infrared bands. For each pixel, a Kalman filter was used to blend the DTC to estimate the true background brightness temperature. Subsequently, we utilized the Otsu method to identify the fire after using an MVC (maximum value month composite of NDVI) threshold to test which areas have enough fuel to support such events. Finally, we used a continuous timeslot test to correct the fire detection results. The proposed algorithm was applied to four fire cases in East Asia and Australia in 2016. A comparison of detection results between MODIS Terra and Aqua active fire products (MOD14 and MYD14) demonstrated that the proposed algorithm from this paper effectively analyzed the spatiotemporal information contained in multi-temporal remotely sensed data. In addition, this new forest fire detection method can lead to higher detection accuracy than the traditional contextual and temporal algorithms. By developing algorithms that are based on AHI measurements to meet the requirement to detect forest fires promptly and accurately, this paper assists both emergency responders and the general public to mitigate the damage of forest fires.
37
Skudneva, O. V., S. V. Koptev, and S. V. Ivantsov. "Navigation and Piloting System of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Forest Fire Monitoring." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 6 (December 10, 2020): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-6-194-203.
Анотація:
Forest fires are a common natural disaster all over the world. A great number of fires occur annually in the forest ecosystems of the European North of Russia for natural reasons and as a result of anthropogenic impacts. One of the urgent problems of forestry is the organization of effective control of forest fires. Herewith, it is important to quickly detect the source of fire, as well as to monitor the development of the fire, and to coordinate the actions of the staff of the ground forest protection services. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) of different classes are increasingly used for these purposes. For forestry experience and, especially for forest fire monitoring, the most practical are helicopter-type UAV, which do not require special training of staff. Such devices can operate in the mode of “fire tower” and in the mode of monitoring the edge of the fire with an option to reset information pennants at certain points. The use of UAV is an effective means of monitoring the fire situation in addition to existing methods and technologies, and especially in cases of impossibility of using highresolution satellite images for operative tasks. For the effective operation of UAV in the area of active forest fires and, thus, strong smoke, navigation and piloting systems are necessary to perform safe flights outside the action of the ground control panel located at the starting point. The aim of this work is to develop a navigation and piloting system for UAV, which can be used in the area of limitation of ground control point. The use of such systems will allow monitoring of the fire situation in real time, which is especially important in the organization of protection and suppression of forest fires in large areas of nature reserves, where the priority is to preserve the biological diversity of natural ecosystems and unique landscapes. This article may be of interest to forestry specialists, developers of UAV and equipment, fire protection and the Ministry of Emergency Situations staff, as well as to engineering students to gain experience with UAV.
38
Bettinger, PhD, Pete, Krista L. Merry, MS, and Jeffrey Hepinstall, PhD. "Post-hurricane forest management responses in the southern United States." Journal of Emergency Management 7, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2009.0038.
Анотація:
Although people living along the southeastern and Gulf coasts of the United States may have limited experience dealing with major hurricane damage, hurricanes are imminent and pose potentially dire consequences to forest resources. In addition to understanding the physical and biological reactions of forests to extreme weather conditions, there are a number of managerial responses that should be considered based on this past experience. This article presents a summary of the more pertinent forest management responses, and where appropriate, highlights situations where these were beneficial to the overall (economic, ecological, social) recovery effort. Management responses address not only the immediate needs for clearing roads and restoring basic service needs, but also the longer-term issues related to timber salvage, reforestation, forest health, and fire danger. The damage from strong winds and storm surges may also result in serious consequences for ecological values. However, challenges and issues related to the restoration of forests and forest-related values may require several years to address. Therefore, the objective of this review article is to provide a summary of the experiences of forest land managers, researchers, and emergency planners who have directly responded to severe storms affecting the southern United States.
39
Tian, Yuping, Zechuan Wu, Mingze Li, Bin Wang, and Xiaodi Zhang. "Forest Fire Spread Monitoring and Vegetation Dynamics Detection Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images." Remote Sensing 14, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 4431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184431.
Анотація:
With the increasingly severe damage wreaked by forest fires, their scientific and effective prevention and control has attracted the attention of countries worldwide. The breakthrough of remote sensing technologies implemented in the monitoring of fire spread and early warning has become the development direction for their prevention and control. However, a single remote sensing data collection point cannot simultaneously meet the temporal and spatial resolution requirements of fire spread monitoring. This can significantly affect the efficiency and timeliness of fire spread monitoring. This article focuses on the mountain fires that occurred in Muli County, on 28 March 2020, and in Jingjiu Township on 30 March 2020, in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, as its research objects. Multi-source satellite remote sensing image data from Planet, Sentinel-2, MODIS, GF-1, GF-4, and Landsat-8 were used for fire monitoring. The spread of the fire time series was effectively and quickly obtained using the remote sensing data at various times. Fireline information and fire severity were extracted based on the calculated differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR). This study collected the meteorological, terrain, combustibles, and human factors related to the fire. The random forest algorithm analyzed the collected data and identified the main factors, with their order of importance, that affected the spread of the two selected forest fires in Sichuan Province. Finally, the vegetation coverage before and after the fire was calculated, and the relationship between the vegetation coverage and the fire severity was analyzed. The results showed that the multi-source satellite remote sensing images can be utilized and implemented for time-evolving forest fires, enabling forest managers and firefighting agencies to plan improved firefighting actions in a timely manner and increase the effectiveness of firefighting strategies. For the forest fires in Sichuan Province studied here, the meteorological factors had the most significant impact on their spread compared with other forest fire factors. Among all variables, relative humidity was the most crucial factor affecting the spread of forest fires. The linear regression results showed that the vegetation coverage and dNBR were significantly correlated before and after the fire. The vegetation coverage recovery effects were different in the fire burned areas depending on fire severity. High vegetation recovery was associated with low-intensity burned areas. By combining the remote sensing data obtained by multi-source remote sensing satellites, accurate and macro dynamic monitoring and quantitative analysis of wildfires can be carried out. The study’s results provide effective information on the fires in Sichuan Province and can be used as a technical reference for fire spread monitoring and analysis through remote sensing, enabling accelerated emergency responses.
40
Lin, Jiayang, Qiang Fan, Jie Lu, Yuhui Peng, and Wencheng Sun. "A Hybrid Fire Warning Model Based on Cellular Automata." E3S Web of Conferences 299 (2021): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129902018.
Анотація:
The rapid development of cities and the increasing complexity of its internal structure have led to pressing fire security problems, which calls for an effective and accurate comprehensive fire warning model. Most existing fire warning models predict only for a single fire scenario and can hardly balance the speed and accuracy in their predictions, which are not suitable for large-scale scenarios with complex structures. This paper proposes a fire warning model that includes both forest and building area based on Cellular Automata. Experimental areas were established to simulate fire warning according to the proposed hybrid model. The experimental results have shown that the model can quickly and accurately simulate the fire spread process and provide effective support for emergency decision-making in complex scenarios.
41
Fogilev, Ivan Sergeevich, Duc Trung Tran, Sergey Gennadyevich Androsenko, and Artem Igorevich Sokovnin. "On the organization of activities of the fire department in Vietnam." Technology of technosphere safety, no. 101 (2023): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/tts.2023.3.101.149-162.
Анотація:
Introduction. Natural disasters, tsunamis, floods, forest fires are a pressing problem both for the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (hereinafter referred to as Vietnam) and for a number of other countries and regions. When destructive events occur, Vietnamese firefighters coordinate with police and rescue workers to search for victims and conduct searches for missing persons. To maintain skills in working in emergency situations and improve their professional level, firefighters and rescuers on an ongoing basis conduct various classes, exercises, demonstrations to practice actions in emergency situations, and maintain fire trucks, water transport and fire-fighting equipment in good condition. Young personnel are being trained in the field of fire and rescue. The information presented in the article can be used both in the educational process and for scientific purposes when conducting research in the field of technospheric safety. The publication examines the main aspects of the organization of fire protection and emergency rescue services in Vietnam; organizational structure for managing fire and emergency services of the Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam; basic laws regulating fire safety issues; management, financial and technical support mechanisms; issues of personnel training for fire departments and mechanisms for monitoring emergency situations. A review of the regulatory framework was carried out. The purpose of the study is to study the main aspects of organizing the activities of fire and rescue services in Vietnam. Research methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used - analysis, generalization, analysis of empirical data, economic analysis, which were based on the general principles of the theory of analysis and systems analysis. Research results. An analysis of the activities of the fire department and emergency rescue service of Vietnam was carried out, taking into account their further development in the near future. Conclusion. The data obtained during the study of activities in the field of fire safety in Vietnam will form the basis of scientific work dedicated to supporting the management of small fire departments in Vietnam, as well as in the review scientific and auxiliary bibliographic manual "Firefighting in Europe and on other continents". Keywords: Vietnam; fire protection; legislation; technical equipment; financial support; personnel training; fire and rescue units.
42
Luerdi, Luerdi, and Melly Wulandari. "KEBIJAKAN INDONESIA MENOLAK MENGGUNAKAN MEKANISME AATHP JOINT EMERGENCY RESPONSE DALAM MENGATASI KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN 2015." Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Komunikasi 11, no. 2 (March 9, 2022): 48–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/jipsi.v11i2.5252.
Анотація:
This paper aims to explain Indonesia’s rejection to resolve its 2015 forest and land fire disaster under the mechanism of Joint Emergency Response provided in the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. The haze caused by forest and land fires in Indonesia raised threats to not only itself but also states in the region of Southeast Asia. As it was declared as a regional problem, ASEAN then responded by creating a common framework called the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in 2002 and Indonesia was the last ratifying the agreement in 2014; more than a decade after its inception. Indonesia, however, refused to pick the AATHP Joint Emergency Response to tackle the 2015 disaster within its territorry despite its most serious recurring disaster since 1997. This research applied the qualitative method with a causal correlation analysis. The research applied Charles O. Lerche and Abdul A. Said’s national interest theory. The research found that Indonesia’s rejection was driven by its national interests such as image, economy and politics which were much more important than others. Instead, Indonesia preferred the domestic efforts and bilateral cooperation to respond to it. The paper argues that the Southeast Asian regional institution is not able to offer incentives overtaking states’ domestic-oriented national interests.
Keywords: Forest and land fire, haze, Joint Emergency Response, national interest.
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Devi H., Saroja, Meghashree J., and Shruthi D. K. "IoT Based System for Alerting Forest Fire and Control of Smuggling." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 7, no. 2 (2019): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.721904.
Анотація:
The analysis of environmental conditions in real time (such as weather events and polluting gases) could provide relevant data on the environment that could help prevent or detect an emergency situation. Nowadays, IOT (Internet of Things) devices and sensors allow the monitoring of different environmental variables, such as temperature, humidity, pressure and concentrations of pollutant gases, such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Radical changes and combinations of these variables could indicate the occurrence of adverse weather events that could cause a natural disaster, such as a forest fire. This paper presents an IoT system that can perform a real time control of fire and tree cut events. Fire usually causes serious hazards. Therefore, to prevent catastrophes that occur in industries, buildings, and forest areas, IOT and sensor based fire detection has become an important issue. In this proposed system, sensors and microcontroller are incorporated to detect the hazardous situations. Light and smoke indicate the chances of fire. If the fire level is mild or severe, then it is alerted by using a buzzer. Tree cuting can be detected by using wireless bend sensor. This helps to prevent tree smuggling and protect forest life. An IOT based system is developed and tested for correct working.
44
Podrezov, J. V., and V. V. Serikov. "FEATURES OF FOREST FIRE MONITORING OF FOREST TERRITORIES AND WAYS TO PREVENT EMERGENCY FOREST FIRE SITUATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE IRKUTSK REGION IN THE SUMMER OF 2021." Проблемы безопасности и чрезвычайных ситуаций, no. 2 (2022): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36535/0869-4176-2022-02-11.
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Smith, A. K., and S. Dragicevic. "AN AGENT-BASED MODEL TO REPRESENT SPACE-TIME PROPAGATION OF FOREST-FIRE SMOKE." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4 (September 19, 2018): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-207-2018.
Анотація:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Agent-based modeling approaches have been used for various case studies related to the geospatial dynamics of complex systems. The proliferation of forest-fire smoke and the associated airborne particulate matter that behaves as complex systems make it important to develop reliable geospatial models that can simulate the propagation process to avoid impacts to human health and the environment. Therefore, the main objective of this research study is the development and implementation of an agent-based model (ABM) for the propagation of forest-fire smoke and other airborne particulate matter for use in studying patterns of spatio-temporal propagation. The developed ABM operates on a two-dimensional plane in the landscape where agents representing forest fires emit agents representing smoke. These smoke agents propagate through the study area based on measured atmospheric conditions. The model was developed using data from the 2017 forest fire season in British Columbia (BC) and parts of Alberta, Canada, particularly during the period August 10th&ndash;25th. The obtained simulation results provided patterns of spatio-temporal propagation of fire smoke over large areas of BC and Alberta, and were compared to the real smoke patterns covering the Edmonton metropolitan area, Canada on a similar date. The developed agent-based model can be used to support the emergency planning and decision-making process such as in regulating forest fire evacuations and in the prevention of health problems triggered by the exposure to smoke.</p>
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Savchuk, Oleg. "IMPROVING THE TRAINING OF RESCUERS-FIREFIGHTERS OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE." Psychological and pedagogical problems of human and social security 2023, no. 3 (September 25, 2023): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.61260/2074-1618-2023-3-79-84.
Анотація:
Statistical data on the increase in the scale of emerging forest fires and the number of floods on the territory of Russia are presented. The problem of improving the training of firefighters and rescuers is considered in connection with the growing tasks of eliminating the consequences of emergency situations, extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue and other urgent work at the present stage. It is proposed to improve their training by including in the training programs both in fire and rescue units and in the university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia sections on the study of the damaging factors of modern means of destruction and the organization of protection against them, strengthening the practical development of the organization of protection and tactics of actions of fire and rescue units
in the performance of their operational and service tasks.
47
Peppin, Donna L., Peter Z. Fulé, Carolyn Hull Sieg, Jan L. Beyers, Molly E. Hunter, and Peter R. Robichaud. "Recent trends in post-wildfire seeding in western US forests: costs and seed mixes." International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, no. 5 (2011): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf10044.
Анотація:
Broadcast seeding is one of the most commonly used post-fire rehabilitation treatments to establish ground cover for erosion control and mitigation of non-native plant species invasions. Little quantitative information is available on overall trends of post-fire seeding expenditures and seed mixes used over time in forested ecosystems in the western USA. We reviewed scientific articles, government publications and unpublished documents as well as USDA Forest Service Burned Area Reports to determine trends in post-fire seeding in forested ecosystems over time. Of 1164 USDA Forest Service Burned Area Reports, 380 contained information on seeding treatments conducted in forested ecosystems. A review of 40 papers and 67 Burned Area Reports reporting species seeded between 1970 and 2007 revealed a trend of increasing use of native species, annual cereal grains and sterile-grass hybrids, with natives dominating seed mixes. According to 380 Burned Area Reports with data on costs and area seeded, total post-fire seeding expenditures have increased substantially, averaging US$3.3 million per year spent on post-fire emergency seeding treatments in forested ecosystems that involved the Forest Service during the period 2000 to 2007 – an increase of 192% compared with the average spent during the previous 30 years. The percentage of the total burned area seeded averaged 21% in the 1970s, compared with only 4% between 2000 and 2007.
48
Schultz, Courtney A., Lauren F. Miller, Sarah Michelle Greiner, and Chad Kooistra. "A Qualitative Study on the US Forest Service’s Risk Management Assistance Efforts to Improve Wildfire Decision-Making." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030344.
Анотація:
To support improved wildfire incident decision-making, in 2017 the US Forest Service (Forest Service) implemented risk-informed tools and processes, together known as Risk Management Assistance (RMA). The Forest Service is developing tools such as RMA to improve wildfire decision-making and implements these tools in complex organizational environments. We assessed the perceived value of RMA and factors that affected its use to inform the literature on decision support for fire management. We sought to answer two questions: (1) What was the perceived value of RMA for line officers who received it?; and (2) What factors affected how RMA was received and used during wildland fire events? We conducted a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with decision-makers to understand the contextualized and interrelated factors that affect wildfire decision-making and the uptake of a decision-support intervention such as RMA. We used a thematic coding process to analyze our data according to our questions. RMA increased line officers’ ability to communicate the rationale underlying their decisions more clearly and transparently to their colleagues and partners. Our interviewees generally said that RMA data analytics were valuable but did not lead to changes in their decisions. Line officer personality, pre-season exposure to RMA, local political dynamics and conditions, and decision biases affected the use of RMA. Our findings reveal the complexities of embracing risk management, not only in the context of US federal fire management, but also in other similar emergency management contexts. Attention will need to be paid to existing decision biases, integration of risk management approaches in the interagency context, and the importance of knowledge brokers to connect across internal organizational groups. Our findings contribute to the literature on managing change in public organizations, specifically in emergency decision-making contexts such as fire management.
49
Zamarreño-Aramendia, Gorka, F. J. Cristòfol, Jordi de-San-Eugenio-Vela, and Xavier Ginesta. "Social-Media Analysis for Disaster Prevention: Forest Fire in Artenara and Valleseco, Canary Islands." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 4 (November 29, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040169.
Анотація:
This manuscript investigates the use of social media, specifically Twitter, during the forest fires in Artenara and Valleseco, Canary Islands, Spain, during summer 2019. The used methodology was big-data analysis through the Union Metrics and Twlets tools, as well as content analysis of posts related to the fires written by seven relevant accounts on the days when the fires were active, which was between 17 August and 26 September, when 9636.40 hectares were burned. The accounts selected for analysis were the following: Ángel Víctor Torres, autonomous president; Canary Islands Government; Civil Protection of Las Palmas; Military Emergency Unit of the Spanish Army; Delegation of the Spanish Government in the Canary Islands; Citizen’s Service of the Canary Islands Government; and the information account of the Security and Emergency area of the Canary Islands Government. The study concludes that the Canary Islands authorities did not use social media as a preventive element, but almost exclusively as a live-information channel. Future recommendations are presented for the management of social media during natural disasters.
50
Sfetsos, Athanasios, Frederique Giroud, Alice Clemencau, Vassiliki Varela, Catherine Freissinet, Jean LeCroart, Diamando Vlachogiannis, et al. "Assessing the Effects of Forest Fires on Interconnected Critical Infrastructures under Climate Change. Evidence from South France." Infrastructures 6, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6020016.
Анотація:
The present work introduces a case study on the climate resilience of interconnected critical infrastructures to forest fires, that was performed within the framework on H2020 EU-CIRCLE project (GA 653824). It was conducted in South France, one of the most touristic European regions, and also one of the regions at the highest forest fire risk that is projected to be amplified under future climate conditions. The case study has been implemented through a co-creation framework with local stakeholders, which is critical in moving beyond physical damages to the infrastructures, introducing the elements of infrastructure business continuity and societal resilience. Future forest fires extremes are anticipated to impact the interconnections of electricity and transportation networks that could further cascade to communities throughout South France. The work highlighted the benefits of enhancing co-operation between academia, emergency responders, and infrastructure operators as a critical element in enhancing resilience through increased awareness of climate impacts, new generated knowledge on fire extremes and better cooperation between involved agencies.