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1
Petridis, Konstantinos, Evangelos Grigoroudis, and Garyfallos Arabatzis. "A Conceptual Model for Biomass Supply Chain Sustainability." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (April 2018): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2018040104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the key elements of future energy generation is the switch to non-depletable resources, widely known as renewable energy sources (RES). There are many types of RES, however, but the focus of this article is on biomass products, which mainly consists of forest production (wood) and energy crops. One of the main problems of using biomass products for renewable energy production is the fact that several constraints should be imposed for both the management of forests and land. There are different aspects of optimal management of biomass products that guarantees the sustainability of the ecological systems. In this article, an analysis of the management for forest and agricultural products from energy crops is presented, demonstrating latest trends in biomass products as primal resource for renewable energy. Finally, a conceptual model for a biomass supply chain is proposed and discussed.
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Woo, Acuna, Cho, and Park. "Assessment Techniques in Forest Biomass along the Timber Supply Chain." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a part of the renewable energy cycle, forest biomass resources are considered to be important renewable materials and energy sources in many countries. It is evident from international and local research into forest biomass utilization that several challenges must be addressed to ensure logging waste can be transformed into material of commercial value. Several logistical and supply chain challenges have already been identified, including uncertainty about the nature, amount, and quality of forest residues. In this context, this paper presents a summary review of estimation methods and techniques for managing forest and woody residue along the timber supply chain. The review examines both the opportunities and the challenges evident in the international forest residue estimation methods within each supply chain for primary and secondary forest resources. The review also discusses techniques for supply chain and management planning and highlights the limitations of existing information and communication technology (ICT) implemented for forest biomass research.
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Pinho, Tatiana M., A. Paulo Moreira, Germano Veiga, and José Boaventura-Cunha. "Overview of MPC applications in supply chains: Potential use and benefits in the management of forest-based supply chains." Forest Systems 24, no. 3 (December 3, 2015): e039. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2015243-08148.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p><em>Aim of study</em>: This work aims to provide an overview of Model Predictive Controllers (MPC) applications in supply chains, to describe the forest-based supply chain and to analyse the potential use and benefits of MPC in a case study concerning a biomass supply chain.</p><p><em>Area of study</em>: The proposed methods are being applied to a company located in Finland.</p><p><em>Material and methods</em>: Supply chains are complex systems where actions and partners’ coordination influence the whole system performance. The increase of competitiveness and need of quick responses to the costumers implies the use of efficient management techniques. The control theory, particularly MPC, has been successfully used as a supply chain management tool. MPC is able to deal with dynamic interactions between the partners and to globally optimize the supply chain performance in the presence of disturbances. However, as far as is authors’ knowledge, there are no applications of this methodology in the forest-based supply chains. This work proposes a control architecture to improve the performance of the forest supply chain. The controller is based on prediction models which are able to simulate the system and deal with disturbances.</p><p><em>Main results</em>: The preliminary results enable to evaluate the impacts of disturbances in the supply chain. Thus, it is possible to react beforehand, controlling the schedules and tasks’ allocation, or alert the planning level in order to generate a new plan.</p><p><em>Research highlights</em>: Overview of MPC applications in supply chains; forest-based supply chain description; case study presentation: wood biomass supply chain for energy production; MPC architecture proposal to decrease the operation times.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: biomass; forest; Model Predictive Control; planning; supply chain.</p>
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Sun, Mingjun, Hongjun Peng, and Shuai Wang. "Cost-Sharing Mechanisms for A Wood Forest Product Supply Chain under Carbon Cap-and-Trade." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 4345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124345.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We consider a wood forest product supply chain consisting of a forestry company and a wood forest products manufacturer, where the forestry company produces timber and forestry carbon sinks, and the manufacturer consumes timber and carbon emission rights. A Stackelberg model is adopted to investigate the forest scale and carbon emission reduction decisions of the supply chain. We design and analyze the carbon emission reduction cost-sharing (ERCS) mechanism and carbon sink cost-sharing (SCS) mechanism, respectively. The result shows that both contracts can help the wood forest product supply chain to achieve higher profits. The ERCS mechanism may encourage the manufacturer to increase emission reduction level and the forestry company to expand the forest scale. The SCS mechanism is beneficial to the expansion of carbon sink forests; however, it may lead to the manufacturer decreasing investment in carbon emission reduction measures.
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Fagarazzi, Claudio, Francesco Riccioli, Mario Cozzi, Severino Romano, Mauro Viccaro, Toufic El Asmar, Jean Pierre El Asmar, and Roberto Fratini. "SWOT-AHP Dynamic Approach to Define Medium Term Strategies to Develop Forest Quality Chain and Forest Energy Chain in Tuscany." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', no. 2 (December 2015): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2015-002010.
Повний текст джерела
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Schwarzbauer, Peter, and Martin Braun. "Auswirkungen von Nutzungsrestriktionen auf die Wertschöpfungskette Holz – Beispiel Österreich." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 168, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2017.0041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Impacts of harvest reductions on the value-added wood chain – the case of Austria Wooden biomass availability and the possibility of a scarcity due to a potential harvest reduction are of crucial importance to the Austrian forest-based sector but also relevant for decision makers in environmental policy. The simulation model of the Austrian forest-based sector (model: “Forst- und Holzwirtschaft”, FOHOW) was used to simulate two independent scenarios with harvest reduction in forests available for wood supply (FAWS). In one scenario the reductions are implemented on FAWS of “average” profitability, in the other scenario the reductions take place on FAWS with “poor” profitability. On the one hand, the aim of the study was the analysis of the impacts of reduced wood supply on the value-added wood chain until 2025, on the other hand the impact intensities of the two scenarios have been compared. In general, a harvest reduction resulting in less wood supply has a negative impact on the Austrian forest-based sector. While forestry and the sawmill industry suffer more from a harvest reduction in FAWS with average profitability (because of the lower supply of coniferous roundwood), a harvest reduction in FAWS with lower profitability would affect the panel and paper industry as well as the wood-based energy sector more negatively; reduced harvests in these forest areas would mainly reduce the supply of non-coniferous wood. This, in turn would fuel the competition between the use of wood for materials vs. energy and push pulp- and fuelwood prices up.
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Paletto, Alessandro, Claudia Becagli, Francesco Geri, Sandro Sacchelli, and Isabella De Meo. "Use of Participatory Processes in Wood Residue Management from a Circular Bioeconomy Perspective: An Approach Adopted in Italy." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The circular bioeconomy is aimed at achieving sustainable development through high efficiency utilization and resource recycling, and through combining environmental, economic and social objectives. Although the implementation of circular bioeconomy principles is based on a bottom-up approach, the participatory process has often been neglected. To overcome this problem, the present study investigated a case-study with a three-step participatory process. The process aimed to evaluate a forest-wood supply chain with consideration of the circular bioeconomy principles. A set of indicators was identified and assessed by a pool of experts. Then the members of a forest-wood supply chain were consulted to implement the identified actions. Finally, a focus group was organized with key stakeholders to discuss critical issues and strategies for enhancing the forest-wood supply chain locally. The results show that the proposed set of indicators is a useful tool to evaluate the performance of the forest-wood supply chain considering the circular bioeconomy principles. The results of the participatory process and related indicators’ assessment identified the main weaknesses of the forest-wood supply chain. The main strategies to develop the local forest-wood supply chain toward the circular bioeconomy principles were also defined with a participatory approach.
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Del Giudice, Angelo Del, Antonio Scarfone, Enrico Paris, Francesco Gallucci, and Enrico Santangelo. "Harvesting Wood Residues for Energy Production from an Oak Coppice in Central Italy." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 9444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249444.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sustainable management of coppice forests and the valorization of forest residues represent key activities for the development of wood for the energy supply chain. The present study focused on the quantification and the physical/energetic characterization of oak residues (branches and tops) obtained from a coppice stand in central Italy. The study also evaluated the performance of the technologies used for the harvest and chipping operation. The wood residues obtained were mainly tree branches and tops and accounted for 19.8% of the total biomass extracted from the forest. Taking into account the standards of wood chips for energy use, the material produced was included in the quality class B. Summarizing, the results obtained in this work indicated that opportune forest operations can provide a significant amount of wood residues (mainly branches and tops) from oak coppices in central Italy and that the derived material can reach medium commercial features, being exploitable in different bioenergy production scenarios.
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Chiteculo, Vasco, Bohdan Lojka, Peter Surový, Vladimir Verner, Dimitrios Panagiotidis, and Jiří Woitsch. "Value Chain of Charcoal Production and Implications for Forest Degradation: Case Study of Bié Province, Angola." Environments 5, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5110113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forest degradation and forest loss threaten the survival of many species and reduce the ability of forests to provide vital services. Clearing for agriculture in Angola is an important driver of forest degradation and deforestation. Charcoal production for urban consumption as a driver of forest degradation has had alarming impacts on natural forests, as well as on the social and economic livelihood of the rural population. The charcoal impact on forest cover change is in the same order of magnitude as deforestation caused by agricultural expansion. However, there is a need to monitor the linkage between charcoal production and forest degradation. The aim of this paper is to investigate the sequence of the charcoal value chain as a systematic key to identify policies to reduce forest degradation in the province of Bié. It is a detailed study of the charcoal value chain that does not stop on the production and the consumption side. The primary data of this study came from 330 respondents obtained through different methods (semi-structured questionnaire survey and market observation conducted in June to September 2013–2014). A logistic regression (logit) model in IBM SPSS Statistics 24 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) was used to analyze the factors influencing the decision of the households to use charcoal for domestic purposes. The finding indicates that 21 to 27 thousand hectares were degraded due to charcoal production. By describing the chain of charcoal, it was possible to access the driving factors for charcoal production and to obtain the first-time overview flow of charcoal from producers to consumers in Bié province. The demand for charcoal in this province is more likely to remain strong if government policies do not aim to employ alternative sources of domestic energy.
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Joelsson, Di Fulvio, De La Fuente, Bergström, and Athanassiadis. "Integrated supply of stemwood and residual biomass to forest-based biorefineries." International Journal of Forest Engineering 27, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2016.1184955.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The demand for forest biomass as raw material for a wide range of products in the developing bioeconomy is expected to increase. Along with a constant pressure on forestry to increase its productivity, this development has led to the search for new procurement methods and new assortments. The present study assessed innovative supply chain practices, with a particular focus on the integrated supply of stemwood and residual tree parts. The assortments considered included tree sections, long tops, saw logs with stump cores and small whole trees from thinnings. The assessment included geographically explicit modelling of the supply chain operations and estimation of supply cost and energy use for three industrial locations in Northern Sweden. The innovative supply chains were compared to conventional, separate, harvest of stemwood and logging residues. We conclude that integrated harvest of tops and branches with stemwood assortments, as well as whole-tree harvest in early thinnings, has a significant potential to reduce the supply cost for the non-stemwood assortments. Stump wood generally remains the most expensive assortment. The energy use analysis confirms earlier research showing that the energy input is relatively small compared to the energy content of the harvested feedstock.ABBREVIATIONSBWT, bundled whole trees; CTL, cut-to-length; ET, energy thinning; FF, final felling; FT, first thinning; LR, logging residues; LT long tops; ORN, Örnsköldsvik; PCT, pre-commercial thinning; PL, pulpwood; RS, roughly delimbed tree sections; SEK, Swedish currency; SFA, Swedish Forest Agency; SL, sawlogs; SNFI, Swedish National Forest Inventory; SP, stumps; SPC stump core; ST, second thinning; STO, Storuman; UME Umeå; WT, whole small trees;
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Teischinger, Alfred. "Ausgewählte Thesen zur Ressourcenverknappung im Bereich Holz (Essay) | Selected theses on wood resources In short supply (essay)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 160, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2009.0366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current issue of wood resources in short supply and the increasing use of wood for energy purposes are discussed in a contradictory way within the forest-wood chain. Two selected theses of the author are discussed in the current paper: 1) The scarcity of resources triggers innovation regarding an efficient use of resources and 2) a continuous situation of scarcity of the raw material wood leads to a change in the structure of wood business. The situation of raw material supply will lead to new resource-efficient technologies and innovative products but also to a shift in the currently predominating supply chains and to new chains such as the wood refinery chain and to an increasing use of wood as an energy carrier.
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Yang, Xinyue, Ye Song, Mingjun Sun, and Hongjun Peng. "Strategies for Capital Constrained Timber and Carbon Sink Supply Chain under the Cap-and-Trade Scheme." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 4380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We consider a capital constrained timber and carbon sink supply chain under the cap-and-trade scheme, where the forest company produces timber and carbon sink. We consider two subsidy modes: financing subsidy to the carbon sink forests and financing subsidy to the manufacturer’s emission reductions. We apply a Stackelberg model and mainly consider the impact of subsidies on the profits and the strategies of the supply chain members. The results show that when the government gives a financing subsidy to the carbon sink forests, it is conducive to promoting the expansion of carbon sink forests, as well as the enhancement of the forest company’s profit. However, a larger supply of carbon sinks generates a lower price, which leads to the manufacturer reducing the technical emission reduction level and purchasing more carbon emission rights instead. On the other hand, when the manufacturer receives a financing subsidy for the technical emission reduction costs, its production becomes cleaner than before, and the profits of the forest company and the manufacturer increase.
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Bouakkaz, Fatima, Wided Ali, and Makhlouf Derdour. "Forest Fire Detection Using Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks and Image Compression." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 20, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.200108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, the issue of multimedia sensors received considerable critical attention, that led to the apparition of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) WMSN that different from wireless sensor networks (WSN) by using multimedia sensors that can process video, audio, image data besides scalar data and send it to station base (SB). Multimedia data have a big volume bigger than scalar data and need more resources and consumed more energy. The ideal solution to solve the problems of WMSN (big volume, energy consumption) is data compression. Forest plays a critical role in our daily life we can summarize the importance of forests in human life. Among the most dangerous events the forest fires that happen because of natural or Man-made. Many methods used to detect forest fires the newest are: wireless multimedia sensor networks. Our system of detecting forest fire has been developed using a wireless multimedia senor network with two types of sensors (scalar, images). In the first phase when the scalar sensors detected a high temperature its announced alarm to activate the image sensors. In the second phase for detecting fire the image sensors, we used image processing tools. When the zone of fire in the image captured was detected the phase of compression started using the down sampling method. the final phase is transmission data to the station base using the grid chain transmission protocol technique, which allows a critical optimization of energy consumption. So, maximizing network life. The competence of the proposed system is achieved by minimizing size of image transmitted with grid chain routing protocol.
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Palander, Teijo, and Jari Takkinen. "The Optimum Wood Procurement Scenario and Its Dynamic Management for Integrated Energy and Material Production in Carbon-Neutral Forest Industry." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 4404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The digitalization of the forest sector, the increased demand of energy-wood, as well as faster market changes have increased the number of challenges for wood procurement of the forest industry. The aim of the study is to optimize wood procurement (upstream of supply chain) of energy and material production in integrated situations, and to consider the effects of production changes on the management of procurement regions. Three scenarios described integrated production situations in a carbon-neutral forest industry: (1) declining export, (2) energy reform, and (3) extensive energy reform. Time-varying capital-, cost-, and energy efficiency of the dynamic wood-flow model affected the competitiveness of the procurement regions. As a novel contribution, energy efficiency was modeled using the price of emission allowance as a cost parameter. The results show the positive effects of the energy reforms, which partly compensate for the declining exports. In addition, it is possible to change wood procurement in the regions in a market-oriented way. Decision makers should optimize purchases, inventories, and procurement resources as business processes, which are also considered success factors for the forest industry in integrated production situations. The strategic solution of extensive energy reform provides a potential approach for carbon-neutral customer-oriented supply chains, but it needs tactical energy efficiency analysis in future studies of sustainability, if the ultimate goal is to implement a carbon-free forest industry and bioeconomy.
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Bley-Dalouman, H., F. Broust, J. Prevost, and A. Tran. "USE OF VERY HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION IMAGERY FOR MAPPING WOOD ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM TROPICAL MANAGED FOREST STANDS, REUNION ISLAND." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2021 (June 28, 2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2021-189-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The development of a sustainable wood energy chain is an essential part of ecological and energy transition in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), where Acacia mearnsii is the main potential wood energy resource identified to date. In order to assess future wood biomass supply chain strategies, a major first issue is to gain knowledge of the spatial distribution of this species forest stands.In this study, we assessed the potential of very high spatial resolution multispectral imagery for mapping the main forest stands in a study area located the Western Highlands region, where Acacia mearnsii expands alongside Acacia heterophylla, an endemic forest species and Cryptomeria japonica, an exotic forest stand. A reference database including 150 samples of seven classes (Acacia mearnsii (mature and non-mature), Acacia heterophylla (mature and non-mature), Cryptomeria japonica, ‘herbaceous areas’, and ‘bare soils’) was used to classify a Pleiades image acquired in May 2020. Spectral and textural indices were used in an incremental classification procedure using a random classifier.The best results (Kappa = 0.84, global accuracy = 84%) were obtained for the classification using all spectral and textural bands. The resulting map enables analyzing the spatial distribution of the different forest stands.
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Woo, Heesung, Mauricio Acuna, Martin Moroni, Mohammad Taskhiri, and Paul Turner. "Optimizing the Location of Biomass Energy Facilities by Integrating Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS)." Forests 9, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9100585.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Internationally forest biomass is considered to be a valuable renewable energy feedstock. However, utilization of forest harvesting residues is challenging because they are highly varied, generally of low quality and usually widely distributed across timber harvesting sites. Factors related to the collection, processing and transport impose constraints on the economic viability of residue utilization operations and impact their supply from dispersed feedstock locations. To optimize decision-making about suitable locations for biomass energy plants intending to use forest residues, it is essential to factor in these supply chain considerations. This study conducted in Tasmania, Australia presents an investigation into the integration of Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and Geographical Information systems (GIS) to identify optimal locations for prospective biomass power plants. The amount of forest harvesting biomass residues was estimated based on a non-industrial private native resource model in Tasmania (NIPNF). The integration of MCA and a GIS model, including a supply chain cost analysis, allowed the identification and analysis of optimal candidate locations that balanced economic, environmental, and social criteria within the biomass supply. The study results confirm that resource availability, land use and supply chain cost data can be integrated and mapped using GIS to facilitate the determination of different sustainable criteria weightings, and to ultimately generate optimal candidate locations for biomass energy plants. It is anticipated that this paper will make a contribution to current scientific knowledge by presenting innovative approaches for the sustainable utilization of forest harvest residues as a resource for the generation of bioenergy in Tasmania.
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Nicholls, David, Damon Vaughan, Dana Mitchell, Han-Sup Han, Mathew Smidt, and John Sessions. "Forest Bio-Hubs to Enhance Forest Health While Supporting the Emerging Bioeconomy—A Comparison between Three U.S. Regions." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030931.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The emerging bioeconomy requires new supply chain paradigms for biomass materials to reach processing centers. Forest bio-hubs can be thought of as networks of collection points to facilitate biomass supply chains that feed from forest to central processing facilities. The design and functionality of forest bio-hubs depends on the form (e.g., vertically and horizontally integrated), and the quality and volume of feedstocks. In this paper we conceptually develop the potential role of forest bio-hubs. We then compare current bio-hub development in three U.S. regions—the Pacific Northwest, the southwest region, and the southeastern U.S. We use a “SWOT” framework to compare strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for each region. We consider transportation distances, topography, proximity to markets, harvesting methods, and wood products development. Innovation and adaptability would play key roles in forest bio-hub development, especially with dynamic conditions related to markets, wildfire risks, biomass utilization policy, and community socioeconomic factors.
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Nowak, David, Jack Stevens, Susan Sisinni, and Christopher Luley. "Effects of Urban Tree Management and Species Selection on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 28, no. 3 (May 1, 2002): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2002.017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trees sequester and store carbon in their tissue at differing rates and amounts based on such factors as tree size at maturity, life span, and growth rate. Concurrently, tree care practices release carbon back to the atmosphere based on fossil-fuel emissions from maintenance equipment (e.g., chain saws, trucks, chippers). Management choices such as tree locations for energy conservation and tree disposal methods after removal also affect the net carbon effect of the urban forest. Different species, decomposition, energy conservation, and maintenance scenarios were evaluated to determine how these factors influence the net carbon impact of urban forests and their management. If carbon (via fossil-fuel combustion) is used to maintain vegetation structure and health, urban forest ecosystems eventually will become net emitters of carbon unless secondary carbon reductions (e.g., energy conservation) or limiting decomposition via long-term carbon storage (e.g., wood products, landfills) can be accomplished to offset the maintenance carbon emissions. Management practices to maximize the net benefits of urban forests on atmospheric carbon dioxide are discussed.
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Sahoo, Kamalakanta, Richard Bergman, Sevda Alanya-Rosenbaum, Hongmei Gu, and Shaobo Liang. "Life Cycle Assessment of Forest-Based Products: A Review." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 4722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change, environmental degradation, and limited resources are motivations for sustainable forest management. Forests, the most abundant renewable resource on earth, used to make a wide variety of forest-based products for human consumption. To provide a scientific measure of a product’s sustainability and environmental performance, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used. This article provides a comprehensive review of environmental performances of forest-based products including traditional building products, emerging (mass-timber) building products and nanomaterials using attributional LCA. Across the supply chain, the product manufacturing life-cycle stage tends to have the largest environmental impacts. However, forest management activities and logistics tend to have the greatest economic impact. In addition, environmental trade-offs exist when regulating emissions as indicated by the latest traditional wood building product LCAs. Interpretation of these LCA results can guide new product development using biomaterials, future (mass) building systems and policy-making on mitigating climate change. Key challenges include handling of uncertainties in the supply chain and complex interactions of environment, material conversion, resource use for product production and quantifying the emissions released.
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WAHONO, JOHANNES W., BAMBANG DWI WIJANARKO, UJANG SUMARWAN, BUSTANUL ARIFIN, and HERRY PURNOMO. "SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY BASE ON BAMBOO FOREST BIOMASS (DEVELOPMENT SOLUTION FOR UNDERDEVELOPED AREAS IN INDONESIA)." JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STUDIES AND MANGEMENT REVIEW 1, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jb.v1i2.5356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this study is to examine, with a comprehensive systematic approach and framework for the analysis of the economic feasibility and methodology of the application of bamboo forest biomass technology as renewable energy for the environment and sustainable regional development.This study was conducted in the subdistricts of South Siberut and Central Siberut, Mentawai Islands district, West Sumatra, as an example for the economic development of underdeveloped areas that have bamboo forests suitable for renewable energy materials.The result is a sustainanle supply chain of renewable energy development that addresses technical complexity, economic scale, capital costs, and renewable energy funding challenges, for small to medium-sized projects and not connected to off-grid networks
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Zhang, Fengli, Dana M. Johnson, and Jinjiang Wang. "Integrating multimodal transport into forest-delivered biofuel supply chain design." Renewable Energy 93 (August 2016): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.047.
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Liski, Jari, Ari Pussinen, Kim Pingoud, Raisa Mäkipää, and Timo Karjalainen. "Which rotation length is favourable to carbon sequestration?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 2004–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regulating the rotation length of tree stands is an effective way to manage the carbon budget of forests. We analyzed, using models, how a 30-year change in rotation length from the recommended 90 years would change the carbon and energy budgets of typical wood-production and wood-use chains in Finland. Shortening the rotation length towards the culmination age of mean annual increment decreased the carbon stock of trees but increased the carbon stock of soil, because the production of litter and harvest residues increased. Changes in the carbon stock of wood products varied with tree species depending on volumes and timber sorts harvested, manufacturing processes and products manufactured. The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) chain stored the largest total amount of carbon when applying the longest rotation length and the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) chain, when applying the shortest rotation length. Fossil carbon emissions and energy use in harvesting and manufacture increased when the rotation length was shortened and pulpwood harvests increased, especially in the spruce chain. We concluded that longer rotation length at the sites of both tree species would be favourable to carbon sequestration. The costs of this would be decreased timber harvests and decreased revenues of landowners. Our results demonstrate the importance of accounting for the whole wood-production and wood-use chain, including fossil carbon emissions, when analysing the effects of rotation length on forest carbon sequestration.
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Acuna, Mauricio, Sandra Sánchez-García, and Elena Canga. "An Optimization Approach to Assess the Impact of Drying and Dry Matter Losses of Eucalyptus globulus Roundwood and Biomass on Supply Chains Costs and GHG Emissions." Forests 13, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050701.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In-forest drying of roundwood and biomass (residues) can result in more efficient transport operations from an economical and environmental perspective. On the negative side, in-forest drying may result in dry matter losses (DML), impacting the quantity and quality of residues delivered to energy plants. This paper investigated the impact of roundwood and residues in-forest drying and DML on supply chain costs and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. For the assessment, a short-term optimization planning tool was applied to a supply chain located in Asturias, Spain, consisting of fourteen supply points and two demand points: A pulp mill (demanding roundwood) and a power plant (demanding residues). Four scenarios were included in the analysis comprising different combinations of DML for roundwood and residues resulting from in-forest drying. Our results indicate that in scenarios that include in-forest drying and DML, the negative economic effects are offset by the substantial reductions in transport costs and GHG emissions. In-forest drying of roundwood and residues without DML can result in a 6.5% reduction in supply chain costs, 14.9% fewer truckloads to destination points, and 18.1% less fuel consumption and GHG emissions.
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Nabukalu, Catherine, and Reto Gieré. "Charcoal as an Energy Resource: Global Trade, Production and Socioeconomic Practices Observed in Uganda." Resources 8, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8040183.
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Around the world, charcoal has persisted as an energy resource and retained unequivocal dominance in the energy consumption mix of some nations many years on since modern alternatives were invented. Furthermore, it has secured unyielding significance as a commodity on local and international markets and remained an aggressive competitor to electricity and gas for cooking. Here, we analyze the charcoal supply chain and highlight the rudimentary production techniques common within the sub-Saharan region, using Uganda as an example. Top global producers, importers, and exporters are discussed and, based on fieldwork from ten locations in Uganda, we describe common trade practices, economic contributions and the realities of charcoal consumption in areas with concentrated grid and electricity coverage. Indeed, forest degradation and deforestation in the charcoal trade is indiscriminate and the world’s top producers and exporters of charcoal do not necessarily have vast forest resources. Pyrolysis, the process used to produce charcoal from wood, exacerbates risks of wild fires and deteriorates air quality. Our fieldwork indicates that little to no innovation exists to manage waste materials such as ash and polluting gases along the supply chain. Recommendations for the future include better forest conservation practices and more innovation at the cooking level, because effects of localized environmental degradation inevitably lead to negative impacts beyond geographical borders.
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Rafael, S., L. Tarelho, A. Monteiro, E. Sá, A. I. Miranda, C. Borrego, and M. Lopes. "Impact of forest biomass residues to the energy supply chain on regional air quality." Science of The Total Environment 505 (February 2015): 640–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.049.
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Simioni, Flávio José, Claudio Cesar de Almeida Buschinelli, José Mauro Magalhães Ávila Paz Moreira, Bruna Mariá dos Passos, and Sandy Bernardi Falcadi Tedesco Girotto. "Forest biomass chain of production: Challenges of small-scale forest production in southern Brazil." Journal of Cleaner Production 174 (February 2018): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.330.
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Shabani, Nazanin, Shaghaygh Akhtari, and Taraneh Sowlati. "Value chain optimization of forest biomass for bioenergy production: A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 23 (July 2013): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.005.
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Oravec, Milan, and Marián Slamka. "The energy intensity of the production of energy chips from dendromass stands on long-term uncultivated agricultural land." Central European Forestry Journal 64, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2017-0033.
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Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the energy intensity of the fuel wood chips production on unused agricultural land. The unused agricultural land, overgrown with forest trees, also called white areas, is the result of the end of the traditional intensive management of agricultural land by the natural succession of forest stands and pioneers’ wood species on the borders of forest and non-forest land. These stands are advantageously localized due to previous method of the land utilization, accessible and therefore very interesting from the point of view of obtaining fuel dendromass. The logging and subsequent dendromass processing was carried out for the purpose of further land use as pasture land and also for the production of fuel wood chips and their subsequent sale to the end user. With the utilization of technology chain saw-forwarder-chipper, the energy intensity of each operation, expressed in terms of the amount of fuel consumed per unit of produced wood fuel, was determined. The share of energy consumed in the energy value of the harvested tree dendromass in the evaluated sites ranged from 0.43 to 0.62%, approximately 0.64 to 0.88% and the chipping 0.42 to 0.54%. The total amount of energy consumed after calculation the chipper transfers to an average distance of 180 km was within 1.46 to 2.11%. The average weight of the harvested trees caused the biggest impact on the energy intensity of the production process.
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Wolfsmayr, Ulrich J., and Peter Rauch. "The primary forest fuel supply chain: A literature review." Biomass and Bioenergy 60 (January 2014): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.10.025.
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Gerasimov, Yuri, and Anton Sokolov. "Decision Making Toolset for Woody Biomass Supply Chain in Karelia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.319.
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The paper gives an overview of the models implemented in a new toolset for Russian logging companies. The toolset consists of a number of optimization tools, including the routing and scheduling of roundwood and energy wood harvesting teams, the sequencing of harvest areas, the estimation of available forest biomass potential in harvesting sites, and the planning of forest road networks. The optimization of routes is based on a two-phase algorithm where a heuristic optimization method is used to choose the best transportation paths and dynamic programming is used to choose the daily tasks and vehicle routing. The toolset has been tested in logging companies located in Russian Karelia. The results show that the toolset can be used to support a wide range of planning decisions at company level including truck routing, fleet utilization levels, and choice of transport method under new infrastructure assumptions.
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Kyrylesko, A. L. "Efficiency of fertilization systems in the short crop rotation of the Forest-Steppe of the Western Ukraine." Feeds and Feed Production, no. 87 (June 7, 2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-14.
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The results of the energy assessment of the crop rotation chain in the Forest-Steppe of the Western Ukraine, humus balance in the soil, nitrogen circulation and plant residues are presented. It has been established that all the proposed fertilization systems are effective in terms of energy accumulation. It has been proved that application of mineral fertilizers in combination with organic fertilizers increases Kee values by 1.2 times.
The results of energy estimation of a crop rotation link in the northern part of Forest Steppe of Ukraine are presented. It is established that effective in terms of the energy accumulation are all the proposed fertilizer systems. It is proved that the application of mineral fertilizers in the combination with organic ones increases Kee indices 1.2 times.
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Rafael, Sandra, Luis Tarelho, Alexandra Monteiro, Tânia Monteiro, Catarina Gonçalves, Sylvio Freitas, and Myriam Lopes. "Atmospheric Emissions from Forest Biomass Residues to Energy Supply Chain: A Case Study in Portugal." Environmental Engineering Science 32, no. 6 (June 2015): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2014.0420.
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Moalem, Sepehr, Roya M. Ahari, Ghazanfar Shahgholian, Majid Moazzami, and Seyed Mohammad Kazemi. "Long-Term Electricity Demand Forecasting in the Steel Complex Micro-Grid Electricity Supply Chain—A Coupled Approach." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 7972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217972.
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Demand forecasting produces valuable information for optimal supply chain management. The basic metals industry is the most energy-intensive industries in the electricity supply chain. There are some differences between this chain and other supply chains including the impossibility of large-scale energy storage, reservation constraints, high costs, limitations on electricity transmission lines capacity, real-time response to high-priority strategic demand, and a variety of energy rates at different hours and seasons. A coupled demand forecasting approach is presented in this paper to forecast the demand time series of the metal industries microgrid with minimum available input data (only demand time series). The proposed method consists of wavelet decomposition in the first step. The training subsets and the validation subsets are used in the training and fine-tuning of the LSTM model using the ELATLBO method. The ESC dataset used in this study for electrical demand forecasting includes 24-h daily over 40 months from 21 March 2017, to 21 June 2020. The obtained results have been compared with the results of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, Boosted Tree, and Random Forest forecasting models optimized using the Bayesian Optimization (BO) method. The results show that performance of the proposed method is well in demand forecasting of the metal industries.
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Rankovic, Nenad, Dragan Nonic, Jelena Nedeljkovic, and Aleksandar Music. "An analysis of briquette value chain at the Limsko forest area." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, suppl. (2015): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf15s1111r.
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Value creation represents an increase in the value of assets in the manufacturing process. Business processes that lead to value creation can be presented as a value chain. For wood products, total value creation takes place in the complex processes of production and exchange between forestry and timber industry. The research on the use of biomass for energy purposes is increasing in recent decades. Within the research on value chain, in our country were, to less extent were represented those related to woody biomass products. In this sense, the aim of the research is to determine the organization of woody biomass products (briquettes) value chain and its analysis in the Limsko forest area. A ?door-to-door? survey was used as a research technique. Data collection was conducted in the period from April to May of 2013. In total, 19 representatives of enterprises, which are participants in the woody biomass products value chain in the Limsko forest area were surveyed. Manufacturing enterprise, located in Nova Varos, was analysed as the main participant in this chain. In addition, its suppliers (15), wholesaler (1), retailer (1), and consumer (1) were analysed. The manufacturing enterprise exclusively used raw material produced in sawmills. The results indicate that an increase in value occurs, primarily, during the transportation of raw materials from sawmill to the manufacturing enterprise. The next increase in value occurs during the storage of raw materials within the manufacturing enterprise and with the emergence of new stages in the production process, as well as during the transportation of products to the wholesaler, retailer and consumer.
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Van Holsbeeck, Sam, Mark Brown, Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava, and Mohammad Reza Ghaffariyan. "A Review on the Potential of Forest Biomass for Bioenergy in Australia." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051147.
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The use of forest biomass for bioenergy in Australia represents only 1% of total energy production but is being recognized for having the potential to deliver low-cost and low-emission, renewable energy solutions. This review addresses the potential of forest biomass for bioenergy production in Australia relative to the amount of biomass energy measures available for production, harvest and transport, conversion, distribution and emission. Thirty-Five Australian studies on forest biomass for bioenergy are reviewed and categorized under five hierarchical terms delimiting the level of assessment on the biomass potential. Most of these studies assess the amount of biomass at a production level using measures such as the allometric volume equation and form factor assumptions linked to forest inventory data or applied in-field weighing of samples to predict the theoretical potential of forest biomass across an area or region. However, when estimating the potential of forest biomass for bioenergy production, it is essential to consider the entire supply chain that includes many limitations and reductions on the recovery of the forest biomass from production in the field to distribution to the network. This review reiterated definitions for theoretical, available, technological, economic and environmental biomass potential and identified missing links between them in the Australian literature. There is a need for further research on the forest biomass potential to explore lower cost and lowest net emission solutions as a replacement to fossil resources for energy production in Australia but methods the could provide promising solutions are available and can be applied to address this gap.
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Föhr, Jarno, Kalle Karttunen, Mika Immonen, and Tapio Ranta. "Real-Time Monitoring System for Efficiency and Cost Analysis of Forest Energy Biomass Transportation." International Journal of Applied Logistics 6, no. 1 (January 2016): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijal.2016010102.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the efficiency and costs of energy biomass transportations, when using a conventional monitoring system linked with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. In the study, truck-specific transportation monitoring was carried out with the help of a real-time web-based monitoring system. Both smart phones and reader gates were used for data transfer into the system with a wireless Internet connection. The experiments were carried out along the forest chip transportation from the forest roadside storages to the power plant by using either traditional solid-frame trucks or a truck with interchangeable containers. All the delivery containers were mounted with RFID tags. Afterwards, the statistics of the loads and the delivery performance ratio of the transportations were analysed. Additionally, the cost structures for the alternative truck and trailer combination were analysed and their unit costs were determined. Also, the functionality and the reliability of the real-time monitoring system were examined as a part of the demanding roadside chipping chain. The total number of the loads was 68 during the follow-up period. The container truck system was found to be as cost-efficient as the solid-frame truck systems. This paper demonstrates that RFID enables the tracking of the trucks on a real-time basis through the delivery chain, and that the data can be used to analyse the vehicle-specific time usage and the unit costs of deliveries.
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Di Cori, Viola, Cristiano Franceschinis, Nicolas Robert, Davide Matteo Pettenella, and Mara Thiene. "Moral Foundations and Willingness to Pay for Non-Wood Forest Products: A Study in Three European Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 13445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313445.
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Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) provide social and cultural services related to e.g., the tradition and social role of collecting berries, mushrooms and herbs. These services can be ranked among intangible outputs as a part of the recreational function of forests. However, their social value is only partially captured in non-forest activities. We used a Choice Experiment to explore individuals’ preferences towards NWFPs and associated services in Italy, Sweden, and Czechia. We estimated the individual marginal willingness to pay for the supply and maintenance of NWFPs. In addition, we analysed the determinants of people’s choices using the framework of the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). The results show that people collect NWFPs mostly for self-consumption and recreation, rather than for livelihood or to sell them on the market. Despite this, they are willing to pay for sustainable forest management practices that favour NWFPs supply, as well as for forest conservation. Additionally, Care and Fairness traits in the MFT determine people’s willingness to pay for NWFPs. The results from this study highlight the value of the social component of non-wood forests products and the expenses related to picking. This is a first step towards a value chain analysis of the NWFPs.
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Zhang, Xuyao, Weimin Zhang, and Dayu Xu. "Life Cycle Assessment of Complex Forestry Enterprise: A Case Study of a Forest–Fiberboard Integrated Enterprise." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 4147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104147.
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The complex forestry enterprises incorporate the production activities of different links in the value chain of forest products and should be the mainstay for the sustainable forestry production of China in the foreseeable future. This case study was carried out and main data were collected in a forest–board integrated enterprise of South China. A life cycle model using the impact 2002+ method was applied to identify the resource consumption and environmental impacts of different production stages along the industrial chain. This study incorporates the calculation of carbon sequestration per unit output into the standard LCA to evaluate the effect of the forest cultivation stage. The objective of this study is two-fold. The first objective is to gain a better understanding of the environmental impacts of the complex forestry enterprises. The second objective is to put forward environmental management suggestions for the identified hotspots along the forest value chain. Factors affecting the environment include carbon sequestration and seedlings, electric power, and the use of wood fuel. Improvement suggestions are put forward from three perspectives: Changing the type and application method of fertilizer, reducing electric power consumption, and reducing wood fuel consumption.
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Dashtpeyma, Mosayeb, and Reza Ghodsi. "Forest Biomass and Bioenergy Supply Chain Resilience: A Systematic Literature Review on the Barriers and Enablers." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 6964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126964.
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This research aimed to systematically review the development studies pertaining to forest biomass and bioenergy supply chain resilience (SCR). In this regard, a mixed procedure was implemented in order to explore and analyze the relevant publications, and to answer the research questions. First, the databases and journals working on forest biomass and bioenergy supply chains (SCs) were identified based on the indices of the review process and the indices of the barriers and enablers. Next, data refinement was employed to filter the publications into four levels and determine the semifinal cases. Moreover, the references of the semifinal publications were tracked in order to achieve the final cases. Consequently, 88 papers were determined as the final cases through which the barriers and enablers were explored and analyzed. Furthermore, in order to meet the research gap in this area and prove the connections of those barriers and enablers with the resilience capability, their relationships with the main resilience factors were investigated. According to the assessment, the findings of this research on the definition, barriers and enablers of forest biomass and bioenergy SCR can be applied as a basis for the comprehension and optimization of the structure of SCs in the forest biomass and bioenergy industries.
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López-Rodríguez, Fernando, J. García Sanz-Calcedo, and Francisco J. Moral García. "Optimal Locations of Biomass Logistics Centers for Energy Uses in the Province of Badajoz (Spain)." Advanced Engineering Forum 29 (August 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.29.67.
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The forest biomass of the province of Badajoz (southwestern Spain) is around 274,335 tons, which is equivalent to 112,000 toe of energy. Consequently, the quantification, analysis, and mapping of the energy potential from the residual biomass, considering the most important forestry species of the studied province, were performed. Moreover, the optimum locations of biomass logistics centers were established. Results of this study are within the value chain of biomass, regarding to the production, transformation, commercialization, and use of the existing biomass to generate energy, heat, and electricity.
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Berry, Michael David, John Sessions, and Rene Zamora-Cristales. "Subregional Comparison for Forest- to-Product Biomass Supply Chains on the Pacific West Coast, USA." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 1 (2018): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12526.
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Abstract. Transportable biomass conversion facilities producing biochar, briquettes, and torrefied wood are modeled and optimized for five different sub-regions within the Pacific Northwest. Subregional case studies in Quincy, California; Lakeview, Oregon; Oakridge, Oregon; Port Angeles, Washington; and Warm Springs, Oregon, are evaluated to characterize the potential economic viability of these novel transportable designs. A mixed integer program is used to characterize the supply chain from residue extraction to market optimizing transportation, production, and plant mobility in order to minimize the supply chain costs. Regional variations including log specifications, energy rates, trucking, and logistic capacities are considered within the model and supporting analyses to differentiate regional costs and market viabilities. It was found that the optimal transportable design included facility movement on a 1 to 2.5 year frequency depending on product and region with biochar being the most likely to be economically viable. Regional feedstock composition and availability was the biggest indicator of lower cost production. Supply chain costs varied by 5%-10% depending on product and region being produced. Transportation and mobilization were found to account for 15%-30% of the overall supply chain cost. Quincy, California, and torrefied wood were found to have the lowest of these costs due to low move frequency and high wood availability while Port Angeles, Washington, with briquettes was the highest. With regards to fuel price sensitivity, torrefied wood was the most sensitive as its conversion process was most energy intensive (±12%-13%) and biochar least sensitive (±3-5%).Transportation accounted for 5% to 30% of the fuel price variation due to diesel prices depending on product and region. When including grid-connectivity, cost reductions were approximately 6%-7% for biochar, 27%-29% for briquettes and 33%-38% for torrefied wood. These findings indicate biochar as the most likely candidate for a transportable conversion system given its relatively low power consumption, high allowable moisture content, and low product transportation cost. Quincy, California, was found to be the most desirable sub region with the lowest overall production costs attributed to its high input quality feedstock and relative accessibility; its higher grid-connected power cost also makes transportable options relatively more attractive than other off-grid locations. Port Angeles, WA had the highest production costs and lowest grid-energy costs. Our results indicate that a rise in diesel price, while incentivizing transportable conversion facilities due to more cost effective transportation, would be more than offset by the higher cost energy consumption during the conversion process when compared with grid-power with the potential exception of biochar. Overall, we see a transportable operation with grid-power would likely be the difference between an economically viable supply chain and one that is not. Keywords: Biomass supply, Biomass products, Facility location, Mixed integer programming, Strategic planning, Transportable plants.
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Sadirsan, Erwin Susanto, Hermanto Siregar, Eriyatno ., and Evita H. Legowo. "Case Study of Biomass Development Policy Model in West Sumbawa Region." KnE Energy 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ken.v2i2.361.
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<p>This study aims to develop renewable energy policy models concerning biomass for rural electrification; to identify factors that influence price of feed in tariff determination, in particular wood-based biomass,; and designing the role of social forest as raw materials for bio-pellet industry in sustainable supply chain. Research method using soft systems methodology is the application of Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) and Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing (SAST). The results showed that key elements of development policy model are feasible biomass energy tariff, competent human resources, coordination among related local government offices and community participation. It requires support regulatory from local governments, inventory of land use and forest area, and support of community leaders.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: bio-pellet industry; feed in tariff; Interpretative Structural Modeling ; SAST; social forest</p>
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Kimengsi, Jude, Jürgen Pretzsch, Mukong Kechia, and Symphorien Ongolo. "Measuring Livelihood Diversification and Forest Conservation Choices: Insights from Rural Cameroon." Forests 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020081.
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While forests’ contribution to rural livelihoods has been unearthed scientifically, the patterns, determinants and forest conservation policy implications of livelihood diversification still beg for more scientific and policy edification. This paper makes a contribution in this regard, using household data (N = 200) from eight villages around the Kilum-Ijim Forest Landscape of Cameroon. The ordinary least square and the logit model are used to explore the determinants of livelihood diversification and the likelihood of forest dependence, respectively. The diversification patterns were analysed using a simple t-test, and the multinomial logit for conservation choices. We find that forest-related activities are a source of livelihood diversification for 63% of households, with non-timber forest products (NTFP) domestication (31%) and medicinal plant extraction (30%) being the most preferred. For non-forest activities, migration is the most preferred diversification strategy. Generally, households with favourable socio-economic status prefer non-forest to forest activities for livelihood diversification. The regression estimates indicate that older respondents are more likely to depend on the forest than the young, whereas males and individuals with at least some secondary education are less likely than their respective counterparts to rely on the forest. The results also suggest those who participated in training, educated household heads and older individuals are significantly more likely to choose high-valued diversification strategies. Concerning conservation activities, households with favourable socio-economic status are on average less likely to adopt NTFP domestication and more likely to adopt bee-keeping as a conservation choice. The results suggest the need for policy considerations to: (i) effectively integrate women in forest management processes, (ii) intensify trainings for conservation-friendly diversification approaches, (iii) regulate unclean energy use and (iv) encourage value chain improvement for conservation-friendly products.
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Sahoo, Kamalakanta, Edward Bilek, Richard Bergman, Anil R. Kizha, and Sudhagar Mani. "Economic analysis of forest residues supply chain options to produce enhanced‐quality feedstocks." Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 13, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 514–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1958.
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Conrad, Joseph L., M. Chad Bolding, W. Michael Aust, and Robert L. Smith. "Wood-to-energy expansion, forest ownership changes, and mill closure: Consequences for U.S. South's wood supply chain." Forest Policy and Economics 12, no. 6 (July 2010): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2010.05.003.
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Fiori, Leandro Fabrício, Vivian de Mello Cionek, Patricia Almeida Sacramento, and Evanilde Benedito. "Caloric content of leaves of five tree species from the riparian vegetation in a forest fragment from South Brazil." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 27, no. 3 (September 2015): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x6114.
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Abstract Aim: The measurement of the caloric content evidences the amount of energy that remains in the leaf and that can be released to the aquatic trophic chain. We assessed the energy content of leaves from five riparian tree species of a forest fragment in south Brazil and analyzed whether leaf caloric content varied between leaf species and between seasons (dry and wet). The studied sites are located in Northwest of Paraná State, inside a Semi-Deciduous Forest fragment beside two headwater streams. Methods Sampling sites were located along the riparian vegetation of these two water bodies, and due to its proximity and absence of statistical differences of caloric values, analyzed as one compartment. Results Caloric content varied significantly among species and among all pairs of species, with exception of Nectandra cuspidata Ness and Calophyllum brasiliensis Cambess. Two species presented significant differences between seasons, Sloanea guianensis (Aubl.) Ben and Calophyllum brasiliensis Cambess. Conclusions The absence of significant seasonal differences of energy content for some species may be due to the characteristics of the tropical forest, in which temperature did not varied dramatically between seasons. However, the energy differed between species and seasons for some species, emphasizing the necessity of a preliminary inspection of energy content, before tracing energy fluxes instead of using a single value to all species from riparian vegetation.
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Jäppinen, E., O. J. Korpinen, and T. Ranta. "Effects of Local Biomass Availability and Road Network Properties on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Biomass Supply Chain." ISRN Renewable Energy 2011 (November 1, 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/189734.
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This study presents two case studies of 100 GWh of forest biomass supply: Rovaniemi in northern Finland and Mikkeli in south-eastern Finland. The study evaluates the effects of local biomass availability and road network properties on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of these two supply chains. The local forest biomass availability around the case study locations, truck transportation distances, and road network properties were analyzed by GIS methods to produce accurate and site-dependent data for the transportation emission calculations. The GHG emissions were then assessed by LCA methods. The total transportation distance to Rovaniemi was 22% larger than to Mikkeli, but the transportation derived GHG emissions were 31% larger. The results highlight the fact that local conditions should always be taken into account when assessing the sustainability of biomass-based energy production.
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Diogo de Souza, Pábulo, Tiago Luis Badin, Debora Luana Pasa, Mariani Carrion Ximendes, and Jorge Antonio de Farias. "UTILIZAÇÃO DE ENERGIA LIMPA EM UMA CADEIA DE VALOR DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR." Nativa 11, no. 1 (February 8, 2023): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v11i1.14426.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As cadeias de valor que compõem a agricultura familiar constituem várias atividades econômicas relevantes para a economia brasileira. Dentre elas, destaca-se o setor fumageiro não só pelo aspecto econômico, mas também pela maior atenção para sustentabilidade do processo produtivo do tabaco, no qual é utilizado lenha para a secagem das folhas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico da produção e consumo madeireiro de produtores de tabaco na região sul do Brasil. A metodologia aplicada baseou-se no inventário das florestas dos produtores e informações de consumo de lenha no processo de secagem do tabaco de 7 regiões específicas do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. Foi estimado que a área de produção florestal familiar foi 116.009 ha e o consumo anual de lenha foi de 3.293.755 m³. Em todas as regiões os cenários de produção e consumo de lenha apresentou rendimento volumétrico sustentado. A produção florestal familiar garante a suficiência energética para a cadeia de valor do tabaco Virgínia no sul do Brasil. Palavras-chave: Eucalyptus; lenha para secagem do tabaco; sustentabilidade volumétrica. Use of renewable energy in a family farm production chain ABSTRACT: The value chains that make up family farming constitute several economic activities that are relevant to the Brazilian economy. Among them, the tobacco sector stands out, not only because of the economic aspect, but also because of the greater attention paid to the sustainability of the tobacco production process, in which firewood is used to dry the leaves. The objective of this work was to carry out a diagnosis of the production and consumption of wood by tobacco producers in the southern region of Brazil. The applied methodology was based on an inventory of the producers' forests and information on firewood consumption in the tobacco drying process in 7 specific regions of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná. It was estimated that the family forest production area was 116,009 ha and the annual firewood consumption was 3,293,755 m³. In all regions, firewood production and consumption scenarios presented sustained volumetric yield. Family forest production ensures energy sufficiency for the Virginia tobacco value chain in southern Brazil. Keywords: Eucalyptus; firewood for drying tobacco volumetric sustainability.
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Gutierrez-Franco, Edgar, Andres Polo, Nicolas Clavijo-Buritica, and Luis Rabelo. "Multi-Objective Optimization to Support the Design of a Sustainable Supply Chain for the Generation of Biofuels from Forest Waste." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 7774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147774.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The production and supply chain management of biofuels from organic waste as raw material has been identified as a promising strategy in the field of renewable energies and circular economy initiatives. This industry involves complex tasks such as strategic land use, feedstock purchasing, production plant location, production capacity strategy, and material flows, which can be solved by mathematical modeling. The study proposed a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model to design a sustainable supply chain of biofuels with forest residues from its triple function: economic, environmental, and social. The trade-offs between the proposed objectives were determined with computational results. The proposed objectives were profit maximization, CO2 minimization, and employment generation maximization. Thus, the proposed model serves as a tool for decision-making, allowing the projection of a long-term structure of the biofuel supply chains and contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Thiam, Sophie, Eric Ariel L. Salas, Nina Rholan Hounguè, Adrian Delos Santos Almoradie, Sarah Verleysdonk, Julien G. Adounkpe, and Kossi Komi. "Modelling Land Use and Land Cover in the Transboundary Mono River Catchment of Togo and Benin Using Markov Chain and Stakeholder’s Perspectives." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 4160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Integrating both modeling approach and stakeholders’ perspectives to derive past and future trends of land use land cover (LULC) is a key to creating more realistic results on LULC change trajectories and can lead to the implementation of appropriate management measures. This article assessed the past changes of LULC in the Mono River catchment using Landsat images from the years 1986, 2000, 2010, and 2020 by performing Machine Learning Classification Method Random Forest (RF) technique, and using Markov chain method and stakeholder’s perspective to simulate future LULC changes for the years 2030 and 2050. LULC was classified as savanna, cropland, forest, water bodies, and settlement. The results showed that croplands and forests areas declined from 2020 to 2050 with decreases of −7.8% and −1.9%, respectively, a modest increase in settlement (1.3%), and savanna was the dominant LULC in the study region with an increase of 8.5%. From stakeholders’ perspective, rapid population growth, deforestation, rainfall variability/flood, urbanization, and agricultural expansion were the most important drivers associated with the observed LULC changes in the area. Other factors, such as lack of political commitment, distance to river, and elevation were also mentioned. Additionally, most the land-use scenarios identified by stakeholders would intensify land degradation and reduce ecosystem services in the area. By considering all of these potential LULC changes, decision-makers need to develop and implement appropriate solutions (e.g., land use planning strategies, reforestation campaigns, forest protection measures) in order to limit the negative effects of future LULC changes.