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1
Susanti, Rika. "PARADIGMA BARU PERAN DOKTER DALAM PELAYANAN KEDOKTERAN FORENSIK." Majalah Kedokteran Andalas 36, no. 2 (August 30, 2012): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.22338/mka.v36.i2.p145-154.2012.
Анотація:
AbstrakPelayanan kedokteran forensik semakin hari semakin luas, pada masa dahulu hanya sebatas pemeriksaan korban tindak pidana yang meninggal, sekarang sudah berkembng diantaranya pemeriksaan korban tindak pidana hidup, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, child abuse and neglect, perselisihan pada perceraian, ragu ayah (dispute paternity) hingga ke pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Bentuk ekspertise dari dokter forensik saat ini, tidak hanya terbatas pada hasil visum et repertum, akan tetapi juga pengeluaran surat keterangan kematian dan pengisian asuransi. Pelayanan kedokteran forensik sebagian besar dilakukan oleh dokter umum karena terbatasnya jumlah spesialis forensik. Peran dokter umum dalam pelayanan kedokteran forensik antara lain pemeriksaan korban tindak pidana hidup, pemeriksaan korban tindak pidana meninggal, sebagai saksi ahli, mengeluarkan surat keterangan kematian, penanganan kasus death on arrival, pengisian asuransi. Supaya tidak terjadi permasalahan terkait dengan pelayanan kedokteran forensik, diharapkan dokter menambah pengetahuan tentang kedokteran forensik dan aspek medikolegalnya.Kata kunci : pelayanan kedokteran forensik-peran dokter umum-aspek medikolegalAbstractForensic medicine service develop extensively from the dead victim examination to the various medical examination in the living victim, marriage violence,child abuse and neglect,divorce conflict,dispute paternity and violence in human rights. The expertise from forensic medicine specialist not only to publish visum et repertum but also to sign certificate of death and to admiss life insurance. Most of forensic medicine services performed by general practitioner because the lack of quantity of the forensic medicine specialist. The role of general practitioner in forensic medicine services are including the examination of the living and dead victims,expert witness in the court, publishing the certificate of the death,handling death on arrival patient, and admissing the insurance form. To avoid the problem, general practitioners should to improve their knowledge in forensic medicine services and its medicolegal aspect.Keywords: forensic medical services-physician role-medicolegal aspects
2
Barinov, Evgeniy H., Pavel L. Ivanov, Natalya A. Romanko, Evgeny V. Kononov, and Artem V. Goryachev. "In memory of Professor Vladimir Alexandrovich Klevno." Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine 9, no. 3 (October 19, 2023): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/fm15173.
Анотація:
On August 25, 2023, forensic medicine in Russia suffered an irreparable loss: our colleague and friend, the editor-in-chief of the journal Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine, Professor Vladimir A. Klevno, passed away.
The article provides information about the life and creative path of a prominent figure of Russian forensic medicine, MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor Vladimir A. Klevno health care organiser, head of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Faculty of Forensic Medicine of the Vladimirsky Moscow Medical Institute, certified doctor in forensic medicine and health care organisation, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, member of the Council of the National Medical Chamber, president of the Association of Forensic Medicine and editor-in-chief Russian Journal of Forensiс Medicine.
3
Santos, Clara Lis Mendes dos, and Maria Angela Reppetto. "Assistência da enfermagem forense na coleta e preservação de vestígios periciais." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 13, no. 41 (September 15, 2023): 732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2023.13.41.732-737.
Анотація:
A Resolução COFEN nº 556/2017 explana sobre as funções do enfermeiro forense no contexto da violência e do abuso para a saúde. Suas ações incluem a prevenção, identificação e cuidados, podendo contribuir com melhorias para a prática de cuidados de saúde, educação e políticas públicas. Esse estudo descreve a assistência da enfermagem forense na coleta e preservação de vestígios periciais. Foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica, descritiva e de abordagem quantitativa. O material foi constituído por dois artigos de periódicos e uma dissertação resultantes da busca realizada na LILACS com o descritor enfermagem forense. Destacamos que a base holística da enfermagem favorece a formação do vínculo com as vítimas e estabelece relações de confiança, facilitando a cooperação com o exame forense e o reconhecimento da perícia pelos pares/equipe multiprofissional é alcançado pela prestação de cuidados de excelência. A assistência de enfermagem forense na coleta e preservação de vestígios periciais é fundamental e primordial para o atendimento e acolhimento da mulher vítimas de violência doméstica.
Descritores: Enfermagem, Enfermagem Forense, Prova Pericial.
Forensic nursing assistance in the collection and preservation of forensic traces
Abstract: The COFEN Resolution nº. 556/2017 explains the functions of the forensic nurse in the context of violence and abuse for health. Their actions include prevention, identification and care, and may contribute to improvements to the practice of health care, education and public policies. This study describes the assistance of forensic nursing in the collection and preservation of forensic traces.It was a bibliographic, descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The material consisted of two journal articles and a dissertation resulting from the search conducted in LILACS with the descriptor forensic nursing. We highlight that the holistic basis of nursing favors the formation of the bond with the victims and establishes relationships of trust, facilitating cooperation with the forensic examination and the recognition of expertise by the peers/multiprofessional team is achieved by providing excellent care. Forensic nursing assistance in the collection and preservation of forensic traces is fundamental and primordial to the care and reception of women victims of domestic violence.
Descriptors: Nursing, Forensic Nursing, Expert Testimony.
Asistencia de enfermería forense en la recogida y conservación de huellas forenses
Resumen: La Resolución COFEN nº 556/2017 explora las funciones de la enfermera forense en el contexto de la violencia y el abuso para la salud. Sus acciones incluyen la prevención, identificación y atención, siendo capaz de contribuir con mejoras en la práctica de la atención de la salud, la educación y las políticas públicas. Este estudio describe la asistencia de enfermería forense en la recogida y preservación de rastros forenses. Fue una investigación bibliográfica, descriptiva con un enfoque cuantitativo. El material consistió en dos artículos de revistas y una disertación resultante de la búsqueda realizada en LILACS con el descriptor enfermería forense. Destacamos que la base holística de la enfermería favorece la formación del vínculo con las víctimas y establece relaciones de confianza, facilitando la cooperación con el examen forense y el reconocimiento de la pericia por los pares/equipo multiprofesional es alcanzada por la prestación de cuidados de excelencia. La asistencia de la enfermería forense en la colecta y preservación de los rastros forenses es fundamental y primordial para el cuidado y acogida de las mujeres víctimas de violencia doméstica.
Descriptores: Enfermeria, Enfermería Forense, Testimonio de Experto.
4
Sarwono, Aditya P. "Peran Prostodonsia dalam Identifikasi Manusia: Aspek Terlupakan dalam Odontologi Forensik." e-GiGi 12, no. 2 (November 4, 2023): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/eg.v12i2.50758.
Анотація:
Abstract: Human identification continues to pose a significant challenge, with thousands of individuals or corpses remaining unidentified each year, as reported by the National Missing and Unidentified Person System (NamUs). Forensic odontology becomes exceptionally crucial when visual/facial identification and fingerprinting fail, such as in disasters or decomposed remains. By leveraging the expertise of dentists, forensic odontology makes a valuable contribution to the legal system. High-quality dental records are paramount for human identification. Forensic dentistry provides scientific data for legal proceedings. The robust structure of teeth and resilient restorative materials are pivotal in the identification process. Prosthodontics, especially for denture wearers, plays a significant role, with equipment like denture labeling gaining popularity. Specialization in prosthodontics is vital for understanding dental materials, labeling techniques, palatal rugae patterns, bite marks, and lip prints. Application of effective methods in forensic odontology is of paramount importance in identifying individuals. Remarkably, prosthetics in the field of forensic dentistry remains relatively unexplored and often overlooked, even in Indonesia, despite its significant potential in the realm of forensics. In conclusion, forensic identification using prosthodontic tools such as labeling or marking on dentures can provide crucial identification clues. Dental marking techniques namely surface modification techniques and inclusion techniques, have their respective advantages and disadvantages. Keyword: human identification; forensic odontology; denture; identification methods Abstrak: Identifikasi manusia tetap menjadi tantangan signifikan, dengan ribuan individu atau jenazah yang tidak teridentifikasi setiap tahunnya, seperti yang dilaporkan oleh National Missing and Unidentified Person System (NamUs). Odontologi forensik menjadi sangat penting ketika identifikasi visual/wajah dan sidik jari gagal, seperti pada bencana atau jenazah yang terurai. Dengan memanfaatkan keahlian dokter gigi, odontologi forensik memberikan kontribusi pada sistem hukum. Catatan gigi berkualitas tinggi sangat penting untuk identifikasi manusia. Odontologi forensik menyediakan data ilmiah untuk proses hukum. Struktur gigi yang kuat dan bahan restoratif yang tahan terhadap kerusakan menjadi kunci dalam identifikasi. Prostodonti, khususnya bagi pemakai gigi palsu, memainkan peran yang signifikan, dengan peralatan seperti label gigi palsu semakin populer. Spesialisasi dalam bidang prostodontik sangat penting dalam memahami bahan gigi, teknik penandaan, pola rugae palatal, bekas gigitan, dan bekas bibir. Menerapkan metode-metode yang efektif dalam odontologi forensik sangat penting untuk mengidentifikasi individu. Secara mencolok, prostetik dalam ranah odontologi forensik tetap relatif belum tersentuh, sering kali terabaikan di Indonesia meskipun memiliki potensi signifikan dalam dunia forensik. Simpulan studi ini ialah identifikasi forensik dengan menggunakan peralatan prostodontik seperti pelabelan atau pemberian tanda pada gigi tiruan dapat memberikan petunjuk identifikasi penting. Teknik penandaan gigi yaitu surface modification technique dan inclusion technique dengan keunggulan dan kekurangan masing-masing. Kata kunci: identifikasi manusia; odontologi forensik; gigi palsu; metode identifikasi
5
Narang*, Deepak, Reena Kulshreshtra, Fatima Khan, Jaideep Sur, Amit Singh, Vishal Kulkarni, Veena Desai, and Abhishek Pandey. "Microbes in forensic medicine: a microbiologist perspective." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 4913. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.10.004.
Анотація:
Microbial forensics is a naïve branch that involves multi-disciplinary approach to detection, tracing and evidencing the bio crime, with a predominant microbiological approach by studying evidence from inadvertent microorganism or its toxins released in bioterrorism act, biocrime, or for attribution purposes using advanced molecular techniques. Methods for identification and attribution of potential microbial weapons is challenging and forensic microbiological investigations involves crime scene investigation, chain of custody practices, evidence collection, handling and preservation, evidence shipping, analysis of evidence, interpretation of results, and court presentation. This field is emerging as a necessary for civil security rather than optional. In 21st century, pathogens are readily accessible, and technology is making their use as a weapon more feasible. As an preventive measures, it is important to strengthen microbial forensic capabilities. The sharing of data collected and validated will greatly improve the practice of microbial forensics. Forensic scientists worldwide should contribute to the field of microbial forensics and enhance its capabilities to aid in bringing perpetrators of these heinous attacks to justice. International and National collaborative approaches can be done by setting up a national and international reference laboratory, transparency of analysis.
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Mikayla, Halimah Septya, Ari Kusyanti, and Primantara Hari Trisnawan. "Analisis Forensik Digital untuk Investigasi Kasus Cyberbullying pada Media Sosial Tiktok." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 10, no. 7 (December 30, 2023): 1571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.1078017.
Анотація:
TikTok merupakan media sosial yang populer digunakan pada masa kini. Media sosial TikTok yang populer di kalangan pengguna menjadi salah satu media yang banyak ditemui jenis kejahatan siber cyberbullying. Kasus cyberbullying pada media sosial TikTok dapat ditindak secara hukum yakni dengan dilakukan investigasi forensik digital. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis bukti digital kasus cyberbullying pada TikTok android dan juga TikTok web dengan melakukan skenario kasus serta menerapkan model investigasi forensik digital yang berfokus pada jejaring sosial. Fase skenario terdiri dari persiapan, perancangan, serta pelaksanaan. Data dari skenario ini kemudian dilakukan forensik digital fase dengan tahapan-tahapan berikut: planning, reconnaissance, collection, transport, examination, identification, analysis, classification, reporting, dan presentation. Penelitian ini berhasil mendapatkan bukti-bukti digital untuk membuktikan kasus cyberbullying yang dieksperimenkan dengan skenario serta dengan model investigasi forensik digital yang diterapkan. Didapatkan hasil perbandingan yang signifikan pada perbedaan antara bukti digital TikTok android dan TikTok web. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini berhasil memperoleh barang bukti digital dengan persentase sebesar 68,8% dari perbandingan data awal skenario dengan data ditemukan dari hasil forensik digital. Abstract TikTok is currently a widely popular social media platform among users and is also a media where various forms of cyberbullying are encountered. Cases of cyberbullying on TikTok can be subject to legal prosecution through digital forensic investigations. This research aims to collect and analyze digital evidence related to cyberbullying cases on TikTok's Android and Website platforms. It involves the creation of case scenarios and the application of a digital forensic investigative model specifically focused on social networks. The scenario phase encompasses preparation, design, and implementation. Data obtained from these scenarios is subsequently subjected to a digital forensics phase, consisting of these stages: planning, reconnaissance, collection, transport, examination, identification, analysis, classification, reporting, and presentation. This research successfully obtained digital evidence that substantiates cases of cyberbullying, as simulated in the scenarios and investigated using the applied digital forensic model. Significant differences were observed in the digital evidence between TikTok on Android and TikTok on the web. In summary, this study achieved a 68.8% match between the initial scenario data and the data retrieved through digital forensics, ultimately obtaining valuable digital evidence.
7
Wittern-Sterzel, R. "“Die Politik ist weiter nichts, als Medicin im Grossen” – Rudolf Virchow and his Importance for the Development of Social Medicine, Abstract 359, Special lecture." Pathology - Research and Practice 199, no. 4 (January 2003): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0344-0338-00416.
8
Goel, Rajeev, Deepak Kumar, and Vijay Arora. "Forens(om)ic medicine: omics in forensic medicine." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20220309.
Анотація:
The branch of science informally known as ‘omics’ are various branches in biology whose names end in the suffix omics such as proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics. The studies regarding the role of omics in various branches of medical field have become an upcoming area and its rising trend has been observed in the last decade. Omics has very recently emerged as an uprising field in forensic medicine also which is already known for its great participation with other branches like forensic toxicology, biochemistry, psychiatry, genetics. The use of state- of-the-art omics technologies has been explored in forensic medicine and sciences in establishing post mortem interval, drugs of abuse, intoxication and cause of death. The various forensic studies presently are aiming omics for future prospective. An elementary attempt has been made in this review article to briefly present the role and advantages of omics in forensic medicine. We, hereby, propose to call it forensomic medicine, to draw attention of the forensic professionals to this novel branch of science in order to encourage new studies to be used in medico legal applications.
9
Klevno, Vladimir A., and Yuri V. Nazarov. "Forensic medicine in germany: past and present." Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine 7, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/fm371.
Анотація:
This article based on the unique English-language publication history of forensic medicine, edited by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Burkhard Madea, continues the series of publications on the state of forensic medicine globally, its past, present, and future. The initial articles were devoted to the organization of forensic medical examination of the United States of America, England, and China. The current article details the development and structure of the forensic expert service in the Federal Republic of Germany (Germany) from its origin to the present state. Both the main stages of its development and the modern organizational structure have been discussed. The article also states the primary points of teaching forensics at German medical universities as well as the order of specialization and postgraduate education of specialists. In addition, publishing activities and the principles for the formation of professional communities of forensic experts are covered. The study concludes that forensic medicine in Germany has over a century-old history and has established the optimal ratio of science and practice in activities. These aspects position forensic medicine in Germany as the best forensic medical service in the world.
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Salim, Desy Natalia, Ruslan Renggong, and Baso Madiong. "EFEKTIVITAS DOKTER KEPOLISIAN DALAM PEMBUKTIAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN." Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law 2, no. 2 (January 5, 2021): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35965/ijlf.v2i2.477.
Анотація:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan sejauh mana Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik berperan pada pembuktian tindak pidana penghilangan nyawa di persidangan. Selain itu buat mengetahui pelaksanaan verifikasi tindak pidana pembunuhan atas dasar penerapan Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik. Metode pendekatan yg dipergunakan yaitu pendekatan Yuridis empiris yg menerapkan pendekatan berasal sudut kaidah-kaidah serta aplikasi peraturan yg berlaku pada warga serta dilakukan dengan meneliti data sekunder terlebih dahulu, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mengadakan penelitian terhadap data primer yg terdapat pada lapangan. sesuai yang akan terjadi penelitian serta pembahasan, pelaksanaan verifikasi tindak pidana penghilangan nyawa atas dasar penerapan Ilmu Kedokteran Forensika dalah KUHP, KUHAP khususnya Pasal 184, Undang-Undang RI nomor 23 Tahun 1992 perihal kesehatan, Undang-Undang RI angka 4 Tahun 2004 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, yg kesemuanya memuat tentang dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus suatu masalah, hal-hal yang mendukung diperolehnya verifikasi atas tindakan yang dilakukan terdakwa, serta keterangan-kabar yg diperoleh pada persidangan. This study aims to describe the extent to which Forensic Medicine approves the proof of the crime of murder in court. In addition, it aims to know the verification process for the follow-up implementation of the application of Forensic Medicine. The method uses empirical juridice that applies the requirements of the rules and application of regulations that apply to citizens and is done by connecting secondary data that is released, then proceeded with research examining primary data in the field. In accordance with what will occur, the research and discussion, as well as the implementation of verification of the sentence carried out on the basis of the application of Forensic Medicine is the Criminal Code, special Criminal Code Article 184, Republic of Indonesia Law number 23 of 1992 concerning health, Indonesian Law number 4 of 2004 concerning Power The judiciary, which agrees with the issue of judgment, matters that support the verification of the actions of the defendant, and the answers obtained at the trial.
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Surya, Taufik, and Muhammad Hikmawan Priyanto. "PERAN KEDOKTERAN FORENSIK DALAM PENGUNGKAPAN KASUS PEMBUNUHAN SATU KELUARGA DI BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jks.v19i1.18051.
Анотація:
Abstrak. Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik merupakan bagian dari ilmu kedokteran yang mencakup pemeriksaan forensik terhadap korban kekerasan baik hidup (forensik klinik) maupun korban meninggal (forensik patologi) dan laksana pemeriksaannya meliputi metoda investigasi, aspek medikolegal, maupun psikopatologi. Dalam upaya pembuktian adanya kekerasan dibutuhkan suatu visum et repertum yang berisikan tentang laporan pemeriksaan forensik. Berikut laporan kasus dari tiga korban jenazah sebuah keluarga. Dari hasil pemeriksaan pada ketiga korban ditemukan luka terbuka di tubuh korban yang terletak pada ketiga leher korban dan luka memar yang terdapat pada masing-masing korban dengan jumlah dan lokasi berbeda. Luka terbuka didapatkan bervariasi baik letak maupun ukuran pada masing-masing korban, namun merupakan luka khas trauma tajam. Sebab kematian ketiga korban karena trauma mekanik akibat ruda paksa tajam dan pada salah satu korban juga terdapat trauma tumpul yang disebabkan pecahnya tulang tengkorak bagian kanan. Estimasi waktu kematian ketiga korban secara bersamaan 2-4 hari sebelum pemeriksaan dilakukan.Kata Kunci: Peran kedokteran forensik, trauma mekanik, kematian. Abstract . Forensic medicine is a part of medical science that includes forensic examination of victims of violence like life (clinical forensic) nor dead victims (forensic pathology) and its examination includes methods of investigation of medicolegal and psychopathology aspects. In attempt to prove that violence requires a visum et repertum containing the forensic examination report. The following is a case report of three bodies, the three victims are a family. From the results of the examination on the three victims were found open sores on the victim's body located on the third neck of the victim and bruises that are on each victim with the number and location of the various. Open wounds are found to vary both the location and size of each victim, but are typical of a sharp trauma injury. The cause the deaths of the three victims are due to mechanical trauma caused by sharp ruda and one of the victims is also due to blunt trauma that caused the rupture of the skull bone to the right. Estimated time of death of three victims simultaneously 2-4 days before the examination done.Keywords: The role of forensic medicine, mechanical trauma, death.
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Gorea, R. K. "Forensic Nursing in Humanitarian Forensics." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS, TRAUMA & VICTIMOLOGY 6, no. 02 (December 30, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18099/ijetv.v6i02.1.
Анотація:
Humanitarian forensics has been established as a new entity, and it is bound to develop as a robust branch of science. It is a multidisciplinary subject with the involvement of experts from different fields of science. Forensic nursing too is an upcoming branch of nursing science and is a relatively new discipline of science. Forensic nursing science is expanding in various countries. This paper will describe and discuss the various important aspects of Humanitarian forensics and forensic nurses' utility in humanitarian forensics and discuss the future role of forensic nurses in humanitarian forensics.
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Kłys, Małgorzata. "The beginnings of American forensic medicine and criminalistics in the journalistic interpretation of Bruce Goldfarb - review of the book „18 Tiny Deaths: The Untold Story of Frances Glessner Lee and the Invention of Modern Forensics”." Archives of Forensic Medicine and Criminology 73, no. 4 (March 27, 2024): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16891716amsik.23.029.19501.
Анотація:
American forensic medicine is about 100 years younger than the European one. It was in Europe that at the beginning of the 20th century, American doctors were trained and gradually expanded the field of science and expertise in forensic medicine and criminalistics. This area, for several centuries under the English law, which was in force there, had been successively „mummified” by coroners who worked for years to earn their bad reputation. The outstanding American journalist Bruce Goldfarb writes about the emergence of forensic medicine and criminalistics in the reality of the United States of America and the pioneering role of the „forensic architect” Frances Glessner Lee in his book entitled „18 Tiny Deaths: The Untold Story of Frances Glessner Lee and the Invention of Modern Forensics”. This is an extremely interesting book worth recommending to anyone interested in expanding their knowledge in this area of science.
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Oppong, John Kwaku. "Evidence Confidentiality and Digital Forensic Experts." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p26.
Анотація:
Digital forensics has increasingly galloped into the space of criminal justice and law enforcements as a unique tool for evidence and its dissemination. Technological advancement in database and information has also made digital forensics an important tool in law enforcement and judicial proceedings. On the other side of the coin, evidence confidentiality is an indefinite concept and one that is very dynamic and intricate. Therefore, the services of forensic experts in the digital forensic field are often required due to the significance of digital evidence to many investigations. This paper provides a brief information about evidence confidentiality and digital forensic experts. Keywords: Digital Forensics, Evidence, Confidentiality, Forensic Experts, Justice, Law. BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: John Kwaku Oppong (2022): Evidence Confidentiality and Digital Forensic Experts Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 161-166 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P26
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Vieira, Duarte Nuno. "Forensic Medicine And Forensic Sciences in Portugal." Bulletin of Legal Medicine 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.2009141689.
Анотація:
The first legal texts to contain any rules relating forensic medicine expertises in Portugal date back to the 16th century. But the qualitative leap that actually allowed Portuguese Forensic Medicine to develop, bringing it to the stage where it is today, only occurred three centuries later, in the 19th century. Indeed, the first university teaching of forensic medicine appeared in 1836, with independent courses bearing this title, and in 1899 the first official forensic medical services were set up. A number of changes took place thereafter, and throughout the 20th century, always serving to improve the system. They culminated in a thorough reorganisation of the entire framework of forensic medicine in Portugal in the transition from the 20th to the 21st century, more exactly in 2000/1001. This consisted of unifying the Portuguese forensic medical services in a single National Institute of Legal (Forensic) Medicine (“Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal” - INML). In the following pages we shall concentrate particularly on the present situation of forensic medicine and other forensic sciences in Portugal and on the glimmering future prospects.
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Macedo, Adriana Amorim Soares, and Inês Leoneza de Souza. "Contribuições do enfermeiro junto segurança pública: enfermagem na abordagem forense." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 11, no. 35 (September 23, 2021): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2021.11.35.355-364.
Анотація:
A Enfermagem forense ajuda as vítimas coletando informações, evidências relacionadas com crime, podendo ser a chave para resolvê-lo. Objetivos: Conhecer e divulgar a importância do enfermeiro nessa modalidade. Metodologia: revisão integrativa vinculada ao Trabalho de possibilidades de atuação da enfermagem forense brasileira, na base de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), descritores: Maus Tratos, Abuso Sexual e Outras Formas de Violência. Iniciada no Brasil com Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Forense - Abeforense, Sociedade Brasileira de Enfermagem Forense - SOBEF; Consultadas Fontes: ANA (American Nurses Association) e IAFN (International Association of Forensic Nurses). Resultados: encontrados sete artigos no período 2010-2019. Destaque para pouco conhecimento do enfermeiro na área forense e seu papel como profissional aqui no Brasil. Considerações finais: Poucos estudos de referências no Brasil reforçando a necessidade deste trabalho como proposta de TCC ainda na graduação de enfermagem; sendo, portanto, necessários mais estudos e aprofundamento desta temática.Descritores: Enfermagem Forense, Enfermeiro, Violência. Nurses' contributions to public safety: nursing in the forensic approachAbstract: Forensic nursing helps victims of violence by collecting information and evidence related to a crime, which can be the key to solving it. Objectives: To know Forensic Nursing and disclose the importance of nurses in this modality. Methodology: integrative review linked to the Work of the possibilities of performance of Brazilian forensic nursing, in the Scientific Electronic Library Online database (SciELO) and the Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the descriptors: Maltreatment, Sexual Abuse and Other Forms of Violence. Started in Brazil with the Brazilian Association of Forensic Nursing - Abeforense, the Brazilian Association of Forensic Nursing - SOBEF; Sources consulted: ANA (American Nurses Association) and IAFN (International Association of Forensic Nurses). Results: seven articles were found in the period 2010-2019. With emphasis on the little knowledge of nurses in the forensic area and their role as a professional here in Brazil. Final considerations: Few reference studies in Brazil reinforcing the need for this work as a proposal for CBT even in nursing undergraduate courses; therefore, further studies and further research on this topic are needed.Descriptors: Forensic Nursing, Nurse, Violence. Contribuciones de las enfermeras a la seguridad pública: la enfermería en el enfoque forenseResumen: La enfermería forense ayuda a las víctimas mediante la recopilación de información y pruebas relacionadas con un delito, que puede ser la clave para resolverlo. Objetivos: Conocer y revelar la importancia de las enfermeras en esta modalidad. Metodología: revisión integradora vinculada al trabajo de las posibilidades de desempeño de la enfermería forense brasileña, en la base de datos Biblioteca Electrónica Científica (SciELO) y la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), utilizando los descriptores: Maltrato, Abuso Sexual y Otras Formas de Violencia. Comenzó en Brasil con la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería Forense - Abeforense, la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería Forense - SOBEF; Fuentes consultadas: ANA (Asociación Americana de Enfermeras) e IAFN (Asociación Internacional de Enfermeras Forenses). Resultados: se encontraron siete artículos en el período 2010-2019. Con énfasis en el poco conocimiento de las enfermeras en el área forense y su papel como profesionales aquí en Brasil. Consideraciones finales: Pocos estudios de referencias en Brasil refuerzan la necesidad de este trabajo como una propuesta para la TCC, incluso en la graduación de enfermería; por lo tanto, se necesitan más estudios e investigaciones adicionales sobre este tema.Descriptores: Enfermería Forense, Enfermero, Violência.
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Gupta, Mohit, Sanjay Kumar, Manish Kumath, and GV Jain. "Forensic Medicine and Autopsy: Knowledge and Awareness among 2nd Year Medical Students." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 12, no. 4 (2019): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijfmp.0974.3383.12419.1.
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Cunha, Isabela M. M. da, Juliana Fontes, Délio T. M. Malaquias, Alexandre D. Vivas, Thalita P. M. Alineri, Samantha R. G. Sanches, Agatha A. M. Faria, et al. "Analysis of Terminal Ballistics on Medical Forensics: Criteria and Challenges in the Forensic Area in Brazil." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 2 (February 2024): 2159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0224.0535.
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Van Cauwenberghe, Cecilia E. "Carbon dots in forensics, environmental science, and medicine." Open Access Government 42, no. 1 (April 12, 2024): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-042-084-edit.
Анотація:
Carbon dots in forensics, environmental science, and medicine Dr. Cecilia E. Van Cauwenberghe, from Frost & Sullivan, explains the revolutionary impact of carbon dots in forensics, environmental science, and medicine to detect, diagnose, and treat. In the intricate tapestry of modern science, carbon dots (C-dots) stand out as a luminescent marvel, bridging the gap between nanotechnology and practical applications across forensic, environmental, and medicinal fields. The surge in research dedicated to harnessing the potential of these nanostructures has unveiled innovations that not only push the boundaries of detection and diagnostics but also promise to reshape our approach to solving complex problems in these areas.
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Tchaou, Aliloulaye. "Phase-Oriented Advice and Review Structure (PARS) for Digital Forensic Investigations." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p28.
Анотація:
The PARS is the first documented peer review methodology for the digital forensics field, a six staged approach designed to formally support organizations and their staff in their goal of facilitating effective peer review of digital forensic work, from investigative tasks to forensic activities and forensic analysis processes (Pollitt et al., 2018). This assignment discusses how the PARS methodology can be implemented, and the available options and mechanisms available to ease the interpretation of this model into existing practices. Both the early ‘Advisor’ and later ‘Reviewer’ roles in PARS are discussed and their requirements and expectations are defined. Keywords: Digital forensics, Peer review, Digital evidence, Quality assurance, Forensic science Multi-staged Rview, Multi-person Review BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Aliloulaye Tchaou (2022): Phase-Oriented Advice and Review Structure (PARS) for Digital Forensic Investigations Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 173-180 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P28
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Micah, Ezekiel Elton Mike, Ibrahim Halidu Saidu, Taiwo Ibitomi, and Bello Sambo Sanusi. "Digital Forensics in the Era of Cybercrime: Emerging Trends and Challenges for Forensic Accountants in Nigeria." European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research 11, no. 9 (August 15, 2023): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejaafr.2013/vol11n985100.
Анотація:
This study examined the impact of technology on digital forensics and the challenges faced by forensic accountants in the era of cybercrime. The study highlights the four dimensions in which technology has an impact on digital forensics: technical, legal, organizational, and educational. The paper also discusses how emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning can be used in digital forensics, along with the challenges they present. Cloud computing is also examined, and the challenges it poses for forensic accountants who need to access and analyze financial data stored or processed in the cloud are discussed. The research used a qualitative research design and incorporated the chain of custody theory in digital forensics. The findings of this study suggest that forensic accountants need to update their knowledge and skills in digital forensics to keep up with the latest trends and technologies in cybercrime in Nigeria. It is recommended that forensic accountants adopt a multidisciplinary approach that integrates accounting principles with digital forensics methods and tools. Additionally, following best practices and guidelines for digital evidence collection, preservation, analysis, and presentation is crucial to ensure the integrity, reliability, and admissibility of digital evidence in court.
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Arif, Muhammad, Faisal Abdaud, and Huzaiman Huzaiman. "The Role of Forensic Science in Proving Murder Cases at the Investigation Stage." AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i1.2989.
Анотація:
Forensics is a science that has a crucial role in the judicial process through examination and collection of physical evidence found at crime scenes. The involvement of forensic experts at crime scenes usually occurs in significant cases, where they are only called upon request from the authorities. This study aims to study the role of forensic medicine in helping investigators find material truth in murder cases, as well as identify possible obstacles. Through a library legal research and descriptive approach, secondary data such as legal documents and literature are analyzed to provide a clear and detailed picture of role of forensic science in assisting investigators in finding the material truth in murder cases and asserting the obstacle of it. The results showed that forensic medicine has a crucial role in uncovering material truths and providing legitimate evidence in murder cases. However, lack of coordination between law enforcement officials and forensic doctors can be an obstacle. Therefore, good cooperation and coordination between law enforcement officials and forensic doctors is the key to success in handling this case. The principle of justice must be upheld in the investigation process.
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Alotaibi, Fahad Mazaed, Arafat Al-Dhaqm, and Yasser D. Al-Otaibi. "A Novel Forensic Readiness Framework Applicable to the Drone Forensics Field." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (February 28, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8002963.
Анотація:
The Drone Forensics (DRFs) field is a branch of digital forensics, which involves the identification, capture, preservation, reconstruction, analysis, and documentation of drone incidents. Several models have been proposed in the literature for the DRF field, which generally discusses DRF from a reactive forensic perspective; however, the proactive forensic perspective is missing. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel forensic readiness framework called Drone Forensics Readiness Framework (DRFRF) using the design science method. It consists of two stages: (i) proactive forensic stage and (ii) reactive forensic stage. It considers centralized logging of all events of all the applicants within the drone device in preparation for an examination. It will speed up gathering data when an investigation is needed, permitting the forensic investigators to handle the examination and analysis directly. Additionally, digital forensics analysts can increase the possible use of digital evidence while decreasing the charge of performing forensic readiness. Thus, both the time and cost required to perform forensic readiness could be saved. The completeness, logicalness, and usefulness of DRFRF were compared to those of other models already existing in the DRF domain. The results showed the novelty and efficiency of DRFRF and its applicability to the situations before and after drone incidents.
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Ruffell, Alastair. "Forensic pedology, forensic geology, forensic geoscience, geoforensics and soil forensics." Forensic Science International 202, no. 1-3 (October 2010): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.03.044.
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Asamoah, Jonas Takyi. "Exploring Lack of Due Diligence as a Threat to Forensic Analysis Preparation and Readiness." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1 (July 26, 2022): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p49.
Анотація:
The usage of digital technology in the digital forensic investigation has grown in tandem with the rising importance of technology today. Too many incidences of digital and physical crime which is the focus of the world nowadays. To gather the finest evidence and investigative outcomes, a digital forensic model must be established. This study included a review of the literature on digital forensics and models established in digital forensics. According to the findings, the majority of research involves broad inquiries and procedures that overlap. Furthermore, no model has been developed to design a systemic inquiry. In this study, we propose a methodology for digital forensic examination to address this issue. This model combines several of the previous models and adds some new variables that are relevant to the study. Keywords: Due Diligence, Threats, Forensic Analysis, Preparation, Readiness, Cyber Security, BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Jonas Takyi Asamoah (2022): Exploring Lack of Due Diligence as a Threat to Forensic Analysis Preparation and Readiness Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 307-314 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P49
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Adzogbley, Amenuveve Gracious. "Storing Forensic Data Against Interference." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 20, 2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p2.
Анотація:
Digital forensic investigators face a wide range of inquiry goals, such as dealing with cybercrime. Digital forensic tools are no different. Different digital traces were examined on persistent storage devices (SSDs, SD cards, and USB drives), volatile memory snapshots, and network captures. A large realistic, timely training data is required to train experts, improve the forensic tools and keep their knowledge and capabilities up to date. However, there is a significant gap in digital forensic training data due to many factors such as privacy, secrecy, data protection, and intellectual property rights. Multiple frameworks for generating realistic digital forensic data sets have been proposed in recent years. None of these frameworks offers a comprehensive strategy for creating digital forensic tools, for relevant traces, from many sources. Keywords s: Data Storage, Cybersecurity, Cybercrime, Protection, Forensics, interference. BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Amenuveve Gracious Adzogbley (2022). Storing Forensic Data Against Interference SMART-IEEE-Creative Research Publications Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 7-14. www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/
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Hidalgo Pozo, María José. "Entomotoxicología Forense En Cadáveres En Estado De Descomposición." Ecuador Journal of Medicine 1, Esp (November 1, 2021): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46721/tejom-vol1issesp-2021-17-32.
Анотація:
Resumen Introducción: la entomotoxicología se enfoca en la aplicación del análisis toxicológico a los insectos que se encuentran en los cadáveres, para identificar la presencia de drogas y toxinas en los tejidos o restos cadavéricos. Objetivo: realizar una revisión sobre la utilidad de la entomotoxicología como herramienta para las Ciencias Forenses, en cadáveres que se encuentran en estado de descomposición avanzada, cuando no es factible la recolección de muestras biológicas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo y Google Académico con las palabras clave: Forensic entomology / entomología forense, Forensic entomotoxicology / entomotoxicología forense, Criminology / criminología, Forensic toxicology / toxicología forense, Poisoning / envenenamiento y Postmortem interval determination / determinación del intervalo postmortem. Se incluyeron publicaciones de acceso libre, en español e inglés; publicados desde 1992 hasta marzo 2021. Resultados: la búsqueda inicial arrojó 3476 referencias (Pubmed: 50; Scopus: 402; Scielo: 114; Google académico: 2910). Quinientas sesenta y seis publicaciones fueron excluidas por duplicación; 49 fueron incluidas en esta revisión. Conclusiones: los insectos permiten un análisis fiable de toxinas y drogas cuando no es posible realizarlo directamente desde los restos cadavéricos. En Ecuador, se requieren estudios que indaguen la aplicación y desarrollo de esta rama para determinar su precisión y utilidad a nivel local, provincial y regional. A nivel global, se debe expandir la investigación entomotoxicológica en escenarios acuáticos o de incendios; así como el impacto del cambio climático sobre la entomofauna y sus repercusiones en el análisis toxicológico de las distintas especies.
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Brown, Emmanuel Kpakpo. "Digital Forensic and Distributed Evidence." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p57.
Анотація:
Digital Forensics investigation is the science and legal process of investigating computer/cybercrimes and digital media or objects to gather evidence. This new and fast evolving field encompasses computer forensics, network forensics, mobile forensics, cloud computing forensics, and IoT forensics; and for this reason have digital evidence distributed widely when the need arises for crime prosecution. Digital evidence must be authentic, accurate, complete, and convincing to the jury for legal admissibility at the court of law. In many instances due to the distributed nature of digital forensic evidence and the legal procedures to be adhered to in evidence gathering at a digital crime scene, presenting at the law courts have proven to be challenging and in some instances inadmissible. Following legal procedures in evidence gathering at a digital crime scene is critical for admissibility and prosecution. This paper aims to discuss digital forensics investigations jurisprudence in relation to distributed digital evidence. For the study to be relevant to policy and practice, forensic tools and frameworks, legal and ethical obligations, and digital evidence handling and admissibility are highlighted. This paper does not follow any forensic investigations process; but rather discusses the need for development and implementation of unique frameworks that could be utilised to gather distributed digital evidence required for admissibility in court. Keywords - Digital forensics investigations; Digital evidence; Jurisprudence BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Emmanuel Kpakpo Brown (2022): Digital Forensic and Distributed Evidence Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 357-362 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P57
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Maulina, Sinta Nur, Niken Dwi Wahyu Cahyani, and Erwid Musthofa Jadied. "ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF VSM ON THE MEMORY ACQUISITION PROCESS USING THE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS METHOD." JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika) 8, no. 2 (May 30, 2023): 638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29100/jipi.v8i2.3745.
Анотація:
At first, forensics was restricted to studying data that was stored on a system's hard disk. However, as storage capacity and data encryption increased, applying conventional digital forensic procedures became more challenging. As a result, memory forensics techniques are developed, or are frequently referred to as live forensics, because the process is quicker and more sophisticated. Volatile memory forensics, often known as live forensics, are necessary for this condition. Live forensics has flaws, specifically that some programs can fail when the computer is in active VSM (virtual secure mode). This results in the retrievable evidence being lost. Therefore, determining the cause is essential. The software-based memory acquisition tools Autopsy, Isobuster, DumpIt, and Magnet RAM Capturer are just a few examples. According to the findings of the experiments, the tools that have crashed include DumpIt v1.3.2.20110401. A dynamic code analysis using WindBg as a tool was utilized to study the impact of VSM on the memory acquisition tool. This study's goal is to identify the instances of crashes in various forensic instruments, which will be highly useful for forensic experts performing investigations.
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Baafi, Peter Oppong. "Tools For Cyber Forensics." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 2022): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p46.
Анотація:
Digital Forensics & Cyber Security Graduate Programme Department Of Information Systems & Innovations Ghana Institute of Management & Public Administration Greenhill, Accra, Ghana E-mails: peeuncle3@gmail.com Phone: +233242776968 ABSTRACT Digital forensics, or Cyber security, has become a vital part of almost every research, and digital forensics tools' users are becoming more diverse in their backgrounds and interests. As a result, usability is an important section of these tools. This paper investigates the usability aspect of forensics tools. The study results highlight several usability issues that need to be considered when designing and implementing digital forensics tools. Cyber-attacks are fast-moving and surging in number and severity. When the attacks occur, the attacked enterprise responds with predetermined actions. Applying digital forensics helps in recovering and investigating material on digital media and networks is one of these actions. Cyber Forensic Investigation includes the Capture and Analysis of digital data either to prove or disprove whether the internet-related theft has been committed or not. Earlier, Computers were used only to store large volumes of data and perform many operations on them, but nowadays, it has expanded and occupied a prior role in Crime Investigation. To solve these cyber-related problems, the selection and usage of Forensic tools are essential. The developers have created many cyber forensic tools for better research and quick investigation. Cop departments and investigation agencies select the tools based on various factors, including budget and available experts on the team. This paper describes the different types of existing computer forensic tools and their usage. The article gives detailed information on all related works by other scholars in the area of this paper. Keywords: Digital Forensics; Forensics, GUI, User Interface, Digital Forensics, and its framework, Cyber forensics tools. BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Peter Oppong Baafi (2022): Toosl For Cyber Forensics Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 285-290 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P46
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Tenishev, A. P. "Antitrust forensics: concept and content." Russian competition law and economy, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/2542-0259-2020-1-38-41.
Анотація:
Effective investigation of antitrust offenses, including crimes, is an urgent task that requires not only deep scientific justification, but also the development of a set of practical recommendations. Regularities of the mechanism for committing antitrust offenses (including crimes), the occurrence of information about the antitrust offense (crime) and its participants, the collection, research and use of evidence and special means and methods of judicial research and prevention of violations of antitrust laws based on these knowledges at present do not fit into the framework of a private forensic technique.The article includes the definition of the concept of antitrust forensics. Justified the need of developing an independent branch of forensic science — antitrust forensics, which includes the theoretical part, antitrust forensic techniques, antitrust forensic tactics and antitrust forensic techniques.
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Parmar, Pragnesh. "The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in the Forensic Medicine and its Applications in Medico-Legal Autopsy, Forensic Toxicology, and Disaster Victim Identification." International Journal of Forensic Sciences 8, no. 4 (2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000331.
Анотація:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various fields of medicine and science. In the realm of forensic medicine, AI is playing an increasingly significant role, not only in enhancing traditional forensic practices but also in improving the teaching of forensic medicine. This article explores the integration of AI in the teaching of forensic medicine and its applications in medico-legal autopsy, forensic toxicology, and disaster victim identification. By examining current AI technologies and their potential impacts, this article sheds light on the future of forensic medicine education and practice, emphasizing the need for continued research and development in this dynamic field.
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Firdonsyah, Arizona, Purwanto Purwanto, and Imam Riadi. "Framework for Digital Forensic Ethical Violations: A Systematic Literature Review." E3S Web of Conferences 448 (2023): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344801003.
Анотація:
Handling digital forensic cases plays a critical role in maintaining public interest and trust. However, the lack of an ethical code in digital forensics work processes can compromise the integrity and reliability of inspection results. This study aims to address this issue by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) to explore existing standards for digital forensic frameworks. This study uses SLR techniques to identify and map various digital forensic investigation processes described in the literature. While there are some topics that address digital forensic frameworks in this review, we find it to be overwhelmingly focused on testing or evaluating digital forensic investigations. Unfortunately, the reviewed frameworks often neglected the code of ethics validation process, leaving the potential for ethical violations in the field of digital forensics. Integrating ethical considerations into existing frameworks is essential to ensure the credibility and reliability of digital forensic investigations. This study highlights the need to establish comprehensive policies and standards that include not only technical aspects but also ethical practices. In this way, digital forensics professionals can effectively maintain professional ethics, mitigate ethical violations, and restore public confidence in their findings. Future research should focus on the development and implementation of robust ethical frameworks in the field of digital forensics.
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Eyyub oğlu Cavadov, Emil. "Fundamentals of criminal diagnosis." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/63/59-63.
Анотація:
The great interest of criminologists in diagnostic problems is due to the fact that diagnostics plays a special role in the evidentiary process both in criminal and civil cases. Forensic diagnostics has already become a scientific method for determining objective truth in criminal and civil cases, proving the presence or absence of certain facts. In investigative and judicial practice, investigative actions are often carried out in connection with the identification of objects. For example, identification of a person, corpse, or object. Most of them are forensic medical examinations related to identification. Forensic experts conduct identification and give critical opinions in a criminal case to solve a crime and identify the culprit. Forensic diagnostics training is of general theoretical importance for forensic medicine. At the same time, it is of great importance for the evidence-based theory of criminal justice. Forensic diagnostics finds its practical application at all stages of the investigation, that is, it is necessary and widely used at all stages of the collection of evidence. Key words: Forensics, diagnostics, forensic science, expertise, identification
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Senanu, James Hebidzi. "Libforensics For Developing Digital Forensics Applications." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p53.
Анотація:
The evolution of computers, increase in cybercrime and the demand by law requirements for the production of admissible forensic reports require the application of digital/computer technologies and require the development of a methodology to systematically search digital devices for significant evidence. Cyber and computer fraud are growing by the passing of the day with less than two percent of the reported cases resulting in confidence leading to securing justice and or convictions. This study explores the digital forensic applications and ease of integration of the existing forensic applications. It was the view of the researcher that there exists a gap of monolithic in forensic applications and the cyber universe. One requires different applications to conduct a forensic investigation into a crime revolving around different digital universes. The study proposed research into the development of a single enterprise digital forensic application capable of examining all aspects of the universe regardless and producing an admissible report in the court of law Keywords: Forensic, Cybercrime, Monolithic, Digital universe, Cyberspace, Cyber ecosystem BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: James Hebidzi Senanu (2022): Libforensics For Developing Digital Forensics Applications. Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 335-338 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P53
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Dodoo, Herbert Cyril. "Deep Learning (DL) Oriented Forensic Analysis." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p51.
Анотація:
Cyber-attacks are now more prevalent than ever before in all aspects of our daily lives. As a result of this circumstance, both individuals and organizations are fighting cybercrime on a regular basis. Furthermore, today's hackers have advanced a step further and are capable of employing complex cyber-attack strategies, exacerbating the problem. Some of these approaches are minute and undetectable, and they frequently masquerade as genuine requests and directives. To combat this threat, cyber security professionals, as well as digital forensic investigators, are constantly compelled to filter through massive and complicated pools of data, also known as Big Data, in order to uncover Potential Digital Forensic Evidence. that can be used as evidence in court. Potential Digital Evidence can then be used to assist investigators in reaching certain conclusions and/or judgments. The fact that Big Data frequently comes from various sources and has diverse file formats makes cyber forensics even more difficult for investigators. When it comes to the processing of vast amounts of complicated data for forensic purposes, forensic investigators typically have less time and budget to fulfil the rising demands. This paper will be studying how to incorporate Deep Learning cognitive computing approaches into Cyber Forensics Keywords: Deep Learning, Forensic Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Online Safety, Evidence BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Herbert Cyril Dodoo (2022): Deep Learning (DL) Oriented Forensic Analysis Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 320-328 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P51
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Mishalov, Volodymyr, Tamara Khokholieva, Volodymyr Yurchenko, and Valerii Voichenko. "Legal and legislative study of biological objects be withdrawn from human corpse for scientific research in forensic medicine." Forensic-medical examination, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2016.1.
Анотація:
Based on the analysis of changes in the new edition of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine (2012) in combination with other applicable regulations, applicable to the forensics and legal status of the person who died, reasonable legal and legislative capabilities withdrawal (registration) parts of the body, organs and tissues, blood or other biological materials for scientific research in forensic medicine.
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Shah, Abdullah. "Evaluating Network Forensics Applying Advanced Tools." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science 9, no. 4 (2023): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.94.1.
Анотація:
Network forensics comes under the domain of digital forensics and deals with evidences left behind on the networkiafter a cyber-attack. It is indication of the weakness that led to the crime and the possible cause. Network focused research comes up with many challenges which involves the collection, storage, content, privacy, confiscation and the admissibility. It is important and critical for any network forensic researcher or the investigator to consider adopting efficient forensic network investigation framework or the methodologies in order to improve investigation process. The main aim of this research contribution was to do a comprehensive analysis of concepts of networks forensics through extensive investigation and by analyzing various methodologies and associated tools which should be used in the network forensic investigations. Detailed and in depth analysis of concepts of network forensic investigation on a designed/conceived network architecture was carried out which was then followed by analyzing various methodologies and tools employed. An innovative framework for the investigation was designed which can be used by any forensic expert. The acquired data was analyzed by using information, strategizing and collecting evidence and by analyzing and reporting of the methodologies on the conceptualized network. Consequently, it led to the researcher to adopt and utilize a powerful and efficient forensic network methodology that will ultimately help in improving the investigation process and providing required tools/techniques along with the requisite guidelines that will determine the approach, methods, and strategies which are to be used for networkiforensiciprocess to be followed and be executed with the use of relevant tools that will tend to help in the simplification and improvement of the forensics investigation process.
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Hardani, Pratiwi, Erwin Kristanto, and Nola T. S. Mallo. "Gambaran Kasus Forensik Klinik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Tahun 2022." Medical Scope Journal 6, no. 1 (October 17, 2023): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/msj.v6i1.48980.
Анотація:
Abstract: To date, there is lack of available data regarding clinical forensic services in Indonesia, including North Sulawesi. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital in Manado, a referral center in North Sulawesi, was chosen as the research location expecting to obtain the description of clinical forensic cases in North Sulawesi. This study aimed to obtain a description of clinical forensic cases in North Sulawesi in 2022. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The resukts showed that the cumulative number of clinical forensic cases at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital in 2022 was 250 cases, consisting of 155 cases of traffic accidents, 59 cases of abuse, and one case of sexual violence. Victims consisted of 79% male sand 21% females. Most clinical forensic cases came to Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Hospital in December (15%) and the least in April (3%). Most of the wound locations were found in the abdominal area (65%), followed in the back area (34%), and the least in the vaginal area (1%). In conclusion, traffic accidents were the most common clinical forensic cases in North Sulawesi. Most injuries were found in the abdominal area and the least in the genital area. Most of the victims were male. December 2022 donated the most clinical forensic cases. Only a few cases of sexual violence were brought to Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, therefore, the victims still need to be outreached and encouraged to report. Keywords: sexual violence; assault; traffic accidents; clinical forensic cases Abstrak: Hingga saat ini masih belum banyak data yang tersedia mengenai kasus pelayanan forensik klinik baik di Indonesia maupun Sulawesi Utara. RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Manado sebagai pusat rujukan di Sulawesi Utara dipilih menjadi lokasi penelitian karena diharapkan dapat menggambarkan kasus forensik klinik di Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran kasus forensik klinik di Sulawesi Utara pada tahun 2022. Jensi penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan angka kumulatif kasus forensik klinik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou sepanjang tahun 2022 sebanyak 250 kasus, terdiri atas 155 kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas, 59 kasus penganiayaan, dan satu kasus kekerasan seksual. Korban terdiri atas 79% berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan 21 % perempuan. Kasus forensik klinik tertinggi pada bulan Desember (15%) dan paling sedikit pada bulan April (3%). Lokasi luka terbanyak ditemukan pada area abdomen (65%), disusul daerah punggung belakang (34%), dan paling sedikit daerah vagina (1%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah kasus forensik klinik terbanyak di Sulawesi Utara terjadi pada jenis kelamin laki laki, jenis kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas, dan lokasi luka di bagian abdomen. Bulan Desember menyumbangkan kasus forensik klinik terbanyak. Kasus kekerasan seksual masih sedikit yang dibawa ke RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou sehingga masih memerlukan sosialisasi dan dorongan agar korban berani melapor. Kata kunci: kekerasan seksual; penganiayaan; kecelakaan lalu lintas; kasus forensik klinik
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Albano, Giuseppe Davide, Giovanni Scalzo, Ginevra Malta, Maria Puntarello, Alberto Alongi, Donatella Piscionieri, Giuseppe Francesco Lo Re, Sergio Salerno, Stefania Zerbo, and Antonina Argo. "Useful Evidence by Post-Mortem CT and Stereomicroscopy in Bone Injury: A Case Series from Forensic Practice." Healthcare 11, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040540.
Анотація:
The investigation of bone injuries is an essential topic in forensics. We sometimes have to deal with charred or dismembered human remains that have lost soft tissue, making it difficult to diagnose the mechanisms of injury that led to death. Our contribution aims to share with the scientific community how we approached two cases of very different bone injuries and the techniques used to differentiate relevant pathology findings of bone fragments. Two cases are analyzed from the case history of the forensic medicine institute of Palermo. PMCT made it possible to differentiate heat bone lesions from traumatic lesions. The stereomicroscope was superior to PMCT in being able to better characterize and evaluate shear injuries, allowing a more accurate measurement of acute lesions. Injury to bone remains can be appropriately investigated with rapid techniques such as PMCT and stereomicroscopy. The presented methodology shows the importance of a multidisciplinary approach when dealing with bone injuries in forensics that could find further applications in other circumstances to answer forensic questions.
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Parmar, Pragnesh. "Enhancing Medical Education: The Competency-Based Curriculum of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology for MBBS Students in India." International Journal of Forensic Sciences 8, no. 3 (2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000321.
Анотація:
Medical education in India has witnessed significant advancements over the years, with the incorporation of competency-based curricula aiming to produce skilled and competent healthcare professionals. The study of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology plays a pivotal role in the MBBS curriculum, equipping medical students with the necessary knowledge and expertise to handle medico-legal issues, including post-mortem examinations, injury analysis, and toxicological investigations. In this article, we will explore the competency-based curriculum of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology for MBBS students in India, highlighting its importance, objectives, and key components
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Antwi, Paul. "Device Information for Forensic Analysis." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p59.
Анотація:
This document provides an overview of information for forensic analysis related to device name, serial number and model of devices used to connect to social networking platforms. The increasing use of social networking applications on smartphones makes these devices a gold mine for forensic researchers. Potential evidence can be captured on these devices and recovered with the right tools and research methods. The increasing proliferation of network devices in homes and buildings increases the possibilities of finding digital traces relevant to an investigation, physical or virtual: cyber-attacks, identity theft, etc. connected to the network can also find useful traces on the devices themselves found or stored in an associated cloud account that can be identified by device ID, model, and serial number. Keywords: Digital Forensics; Device Information, Evidence, Storage, Cyber forensics framework. BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Paul Antwi (2022): Device Information for Forensic Analysis Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 373-378 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P59
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Kazemi, Seyyed Sajjad, and Sajjad Heidari. "Digital forensics and its role in promoting criminal prosecution." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 25 (March 22, 2021): e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117063798.
Анотація:
Digital forensics is essentially synonymous with computer forensics, but the term "digital forensics" is generally used for the technical review of all devices that have the ability to store data. Today, digital criminology is challenged in cloud computing. The first problem is to understand why and how criminal and social actions are so unique and complex. The second problem is the lack of accurate scientific tools for forensic medicine in cyberspace. So far, no complete tools or explanations for criminology have been provided in the virtual infrastructure, and no training for security researchers has been provided in detail. Therefore, the author of the present descriptive-analytical research is based on library resources and using fish taking tools. To investigate suspicious cases related to cyberspace, criminologists must be well-equipped with technical and legal issues to deal with. In this article, we analyze digital criminology and its role in judicial law. The benefit of computer forensic knowledge is not only an indispensable necessity for security and judicial institutions, but also professional users and owners of computer systems, systems and networks must be fully aware of and properly comply with its legal and technical requirements.
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Saragih, Naikson, Ridho Agus Wery Nanda Panjaitan, and Mufria Jonatan Purba. "FORENSIC NETWORK ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SECURITY ATTACKS ON VIRTUAL PRIVATE SERVERS." Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer Prima(JUSIKOM PRIMA) 6, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34012/jurnalsisteminformasidanilmukomputer.v6i2.2932.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT-PT Kodinglab Integrasi Indonesia's Virtual Private Server (VPS) product requires good quality standards, including security. The challenge that arises is still frequent disruptions to the protection of PT Kodinglab's VPS customers, where it is difficult to identify the source of the attack. Network forensics in the form of dead forensics and live forensics using the NIST method with the stages of collection, examination, Analysis, and reporting are used to find the source of the attack. Data for dead forensics comes from snort tools, and data for live forensics comes from capture Wireshark. The collection stage involves collecting attack data from snort logs and wireshark for life forensics. While the examination dataset stages are further analyzed and mapped. Advanced check on the server via syslog snort. From the attack testing carried out to obtain information in the form of the attacker's IP address, destination IP address, date of the attack, server time, and type of attack from testing the TCP Flooding and UDP Flooding attacks, all attacks on the customer's VPS can be identified. The information obtained regarding the attacker is in the form of the date and time the attack occurred, the attacker's IP address and the victim's IP address, and the protocol used. Kata kunci : Network Forensic, Dead Forensic, Live Forensic, Virtual Private Server, DDos, TCP Flooding, UDP Flooding.
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Mantiri, Astria Santa Natalia, and Elvis Sumanti. "THE ROLE OF DIGITAL FORENSICS IN THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION." Klabat Accounting Review 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.60090/kar.v3i1.821.79-95.
Анотація:
In this era, technological developments have a significant influence in business. However, many taxpayers abuse the use of technology to commit fraud. Therefore, there needs to be a system that can filter and detect data of taxpayers who commit fraud. This research is conducted to analyze digital forensics' role in dealing with fraud and to determine the critical success factors that support the digital forensics in detecting fraud. This study uses qualitative reasearch where the author wanted to find out the role of Digital Forensics in the Preliminary Evidence Examination by interviewing the digital forensic officer in one of Tax Offices in Indonesia. The result proves that the role of digital forensics in the preliminary Investigation is crucial. The management and development of digital data can be carried out effectively with valid evidence through Digital Forensic activities (UU ITE). The skill of Digital Forensics officer in using programs to process data is essential in getting evidence. Taxpayer participation is also important in gathering evidence. The amount of digital evidence collected will be used through analysis and development by using chain of custody method, where this method can ensure the integrity of the data processed to convince the court in making decisions.
Keywords: Digital Forensic, Preliminary Investigation, Tax Audit, Tax Fraud
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Khairunnisak, Khairunnisak, and Wahyu Widodo. "Digital Forensic Tools And Techniques For Handling Digital Evidence." Jurnal RESISTOR (Rekayasa Sistem Komputer) 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31598/jurnalresistor.v6i1.1266.
Анотація:
The development of information security issues in many sectors makes the skill of mastering digital forensic highly needed. Digital forensic is recently used not only to support legal proceedings but also to investigate many incidents like digital data manipulation, site hacking, and terrorism. In mastering the skill of digital forensic, investigators should have knowledge about the techniques and tools that will be used. This research is proposed to help investigators in enhancing and developing their skills in revealing the content of digital evidence with the result reviews from each area in the forensic field. The review in this study is based on the focus of the forensic area by giving detailed information about the functions, limitations, and advantages as well as the specific techniques of forensics that leads to the techniques of live forensic or static forensic. This research also discusses the non-technical things that affect the performance of forensic investigation including operational activities, investigated activities, and legal elements. Thus, the result of this research is expected to be beneficial for helping investigators in determining the appropriate tools to investigate the digital evidence. The further research can develop the activities of anti-forensics that can hinder the investigation processes.
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Yaremchuk, V. "Innovative approaaches in criminalistics and forensic." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 79 (October 25, 2023): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.79.2.42.
Анотація:
The world changes every day. New means of committing criminal offenses require innovative and modern methods of their disclosure. It is important to introduce the newest, innovative means and methods of activity to forensic science and forensic examination. In the conditions of war in Ukraine, new fields of both criminalistics and forensic examination are developing due to the commission of a large number of military criminal offenses. Help in the investigation is provided by colleagues from other countries who use innovative methods and techniques, implemented in various countries of the world. The problems of introducing innovations in criminalistics and forensic examination were studied by such scientists as M.V. Danshin, V.A. Zhuravel, I.I. Kogutych, V.O. Konovalova, V.Yu. Shepitko, V.V. Yusupov and others.
Modern trends in the formation of innovative directions in the system of forensic knowledge indicate the need to expand the boundaries of forensic knowledge and use innovative scientific knowledge from various applied and fundamental sciences developed in different countries of the world.
It is worth noting the existence of related scientific research, where forensic knowledge and knowledge of chemistry are applied in European countries. Data on new digital technologies should also be used in forensics and forensics to detect and investigate criminal offences. During the war, joint investigative groups were created, which include criminalistics and forensic experts from such European countries as Lithuania, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Slovakia and Romania. Therefore, innovative approaches to the formation of many sciences are used all over the world today.
The science of criminalistics and forensic examination did not bypass this process. The system of criminalistics and forensic examination is constantly developing in connection with changes in scientific knowledge from fundamental and applied sciences in the world. There are proposals to create new subdivisions of the science of forensics, namely, aerocriminalistics, criminalistic advocacy, forensic graphology, etc., to change the meaning of existing terms, introducing innovative approaches. Today, the content of the science of criminalistics and forensic examination is understood differently in different countries. International cooperation is also important for Ukrainian scientists and forensic experts, which has become especially necessary in the conditions of the war in Ukraine.
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Quist, Albert. "Digital Forensic Challenges in Internet of Things (IoT)." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 23, 2022): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p20.
Анотація:
With emerging technology and the connection of electronic devices to the internet, Internet of Things (IoT) has become part of human life. From the development of smartphones to smartwatches and smart-homes, electronic devices now have the capability of performing human activities or aiding humans in performing activities such as turning hall lights on or off with their voice. Although a large number of people use these devices for the greater good, a few individuals or group of people hide behind these devices to perform malicious activities. In order to apprehend and prosecute perpetuators who hide behind smart devices for evil gains, forensic examinations or investigations must be conducted. This review aims to identify digital forensic challenges in IoT. The inclusion criteria for this paper were international journals, articles, conference papers and case studies published from 2019 to 2022. Thematic analysis was used to analyze and synthesis the literature. Three themes emerged from the analysis; automated compromised smart-home tracer; data volatility and reconstruction; IoT forensic investigation framework. This integrative review combines evidence of digital forensic challenges in diverse IoT devices. Keyword IoT forensics, IoT challenges, Digital forensics, Smart-home forensics.
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Stuff, Michael Acquah. "Integration of Cloud in Mobile Forensics." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 24, 2022): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p21.
Анотація:
With emerging technology and the connection of electronic devices to the internet, Internet of Things (IoT) has become part of human life. From the development of smartphones to smartwatches and smart-homes, electronic devices now have the capability of performing human activities or aiding humans in performing activities such as turning hall lights on or off with their voice. Although a large number of people use these devices for the greater good, a few individuals or group of people hide behind these devices to perform malicious activities. In order to apprehend and prosecute perpetuators who hide behind smart devices for evil gains, forensic examinations or investigations must be conducted. This review aims to identify digital forensic challenges in IoT. The inclusion criteria for this paper were international journals, articles, conference papers and case studies published from 2019 to 2022. Thematic analysis was used to analyze and synthesis the literature. Three themes emerged from the analysis; automated compromised smart-home tracer; data volatility and reconstruction; IoT forensic investigation framework. This integrative review combines evidence of digital forensic challenges in diverse IoT devices. Keyword IoT forensics, IoT challenges, Digital forensics, Smart-home forensics.
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Cinar, Burak, and Jasmin Praful Bharadiya. "Cloud Computing Forensics; Challenges and Future Perspectives: A Review." Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science 16, no. 1 (May 24, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrcos/2023/v16i1330.
Анотація:
Cloud computing has become increasingly popular in recent years, evolving into a computing paradigm that is both cost-effective and efficient. It has the potential to be one of the technologies that has had the most significant impact on computing throughout its history. Regrettably, cloud service providers and their customers have not yet developed major forensic tools that can assist with the investigation of criminal conduct that occurs in the cloud. Because it is difficult to prevent cloud vulnerabilities and criminal targeting, it is necessary to be aware of how digital forensic investigations of the cloud may be carried out. This is because cloud vulnerabilities and criminal targeting are difficult to avoid. In this context, the current study examines current and future trends in cloud forensics, methodology for cloud forensics, and cloud forensic tools. In addition, the study also looks at cloud forensic approaches.