Дисертації з теми "Forensic medicin"
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Tillmar, Andreas. "Populations and Statistics in Forensic Genetics." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54742.
Nilsson, Gunnel. "Stability of zopiclone in whole blood : Studies from a forensic perspective." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Clinical Pharmacology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-58997.
Bio‐analytical results are influenced by in vivo factors like genetic, pharmacological and physiological conditions and in vitro factors like specimen composition, sample additives and storage conditions. The knowledge of stability of a drug and its major metabolites in biological matrices is very important in forensic cases for the interpretation of analytical results. Many drugs are unstable and undergo degradation during storage.
Zopiclone is a short‐acting hypnotic drug, introduced as a treatment for insomnia in the 1980s. However, this drug is also subject to abuse and can be found in samples from drug‐impaired drivers, recreational drug users and forensic autopsy cases. Zopiclone is analyzed in biological materials using different analytical methods. It is unstable in certain solvents and depending on storage conditions unstable in biological fluids. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the stability of zopiclone in human whole blood and to compare stability between authentic and spiked samples. Interpretation of zopiclone concentrations in whole blood is important in forensic toxicology. The following investigations were performed to study the stability of zopiclone in both spiked and authentic human blood.
First, different stability tests were performed. Spiked blood samples were stored at –20°C, 5°C and 20°C and the degradation of zopiclone was investigated in long‐ and short‐term stability. Authentic and spiked blood samples were stored at 5°C and differences in zopiclone stability were studied. Processed sample stability and effect of freeze/thaw cycles were also evaluated.
Second, influence of pre‐analytical conditions on the interpretation of zopiclone concentrations in whole blood was investigated. Nine volunteers participated in the study. Whole blood was obtained before and after oral administration of 2 x 5 mg Imovane®. Aliquots of authentic and spiked blood were stored under different conditions and zopiclone stability was evaluated. In this study, the influence from physiological factors such as drug interactions, matrix composition and plasma protein levels were minimized.
Analyses of zopiclone were performed by gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detection and zopiclone concentrations were measured at selected time intervals. Degradation product of zopiclone was identified using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry.
The first study showed that zopiclone degrades in human blood depending on time and temperature and may not be detected after long‐term storage. The degradation product 2‐amino‐5‐chloropyridine was identified following zopiclone degradation. The best storage condition was at –20°C even for short storage times, because freeze‐thaw had no influence on the results. In butyl acetate extracts, zopiclone was stable for at least two days when kept in the autosampler. However, in blood samples stored at 20°C a rapid decrease in concentration, was noticed. This rapid degradation at ambient temperature can cause an underestimation of the true concentration and consequently flaw the interpretation.
The second study showed no stability differences between authentic and spiked blood but confirmed the poor stability in whole blood at ambient temperature. The results showed that zopiclone was stable for less than 1 day at 20°C, less than 2 weeks at 5°C, but stable for 3 months at –20°C. This study, demonstrates the importance of controlling pre‐analytical conditions from sampling to analysis to avoid misinterpretation of toxicological results.
Zackrisson, Anna-Lena. "Pharmacogenetics from a Forensic Perspective : CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype distributions in autopsy cases." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Klinisk farmakologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17936.
Edlund, Hanna. "Sensitive Identification Tools in Forensic DNA Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för genetik och patologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-131904.
Stenberg, Stina. "Antisocial behaviors and substance abuse among mentally illoffenders - an undesirable role in time of treatment?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-93346.
Berg, Sascha, and Maria Pakou. "Delaktighet i rättspsykiatrisk vård : En kulturanalys av meningsskapande sammanhang." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för omvårdnad och reproduktiv hälsa, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171444.
Background: The concept of person-centered care is internationally accepted in nursing science and describes a form of care with an active patient included in all aspects of care. Commitment, trust, and involvement in the planning of care and a caring relationship are perceived to promote participation. To increase understanding person-centering in the forensic psychiatric care context, studies on the multifaceted concepts from carers’ and patients’ perspectives are required. Aim: To understand experiences of participation and person-centered care among patients and staff in a forensic psychiatric ward and discuss how participation can be promoted. Method: Individual semi-structured interviews with four carers and four patients in a forensic psychiatric hospital in Central Sweden were conducted. A seven-phase cultural analysis model was used. Internal documents were analyzed for statements about participation. Design: The study is a cultural analysis with a hermeneutic approach. Result: Unclear care process and structures of forensic care affect the experience of participation. Conclusion: The perceptions of the function of the structures differ. Staff believe that patient participation is a prerequisite for the care process. Patients express uncertainty about what is expected of them. Identity and interpretation of one's own role can influence the participation of patients in forensic psychiatry.
Cerigatto, Wanderley [UNESP]. "Análise faunística de dípteros necrófagos: ecologia e aplicação forense." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87814.
A Entomologia Forense é a ciência que aplica o estudo dos insetos a procedimentos legais. As pesquisas nesta área são feitas desde 1850 e nas últimas décadas vêm obtendo progressos. Esse trabalho visa constituir um banco de dados regional que possa servir como referencial científico nas investigações criminais e estimativas pós-morte, como também no estudo de casos reais que chegaram até o NPML (Núcleo de Perícias Médico-legais) Bauru, Estado de São Paulo. Análises faunísticas foram realizadas em 23 corpos, que foram conduzidos até o NPML. Os corpos eram de vítimas que sofreram morte violenta ou morte natural, para investigação da causa morte, atendendo a solicitação de autoridade competente. Na análise realizada foram encontradas duas famílias de dípteros necrófagos: Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae. Dentre os exemplares de dípteros coletados da família Calliphoridae a espécie mais abundante foi Chrysomya albiceps (49,30%), seguida, por C. megacephala (30,56%), e Lucilia eximia (8,13%). Além destas espécies, foram também encontradas Lucilia cuprina (5,69%), Cochliomyia macellaria (1,45%) e Lucilia sericata (1,21%). Espécimes da família Sarcophagidae totalizaram 3,66% dos insetos coletados. Os vinte e três corpos analisados constituíram-se em 23 casos detalhadamente investigados, associando a presença dos insetos com as informações dos laudos necroscópicos
Forensic entomology is the science, which applies insects for legal proceedings. Researches in this area have been performed since 1850 and in the last years researchers have obtained success. In this study a regional data set is presented to be used as a scientific reference in criminal investigations and post mortem interval estimates, as well as to be employed in real cases from the NPML (Núcleo de Perícias Médico-legais) of Bauru, São Paulo. Fauna analysis was performed in 23 corpses, which were led to the NPML. Corpses were victims, which have suffered violent or natural death, separated to investigate the death cause in response to requirements by authorities. In the analysis performed two families of necrophagous dipterans were found, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. The most abundant Calliphoridae species was Chrysomya albiceps (49.30%), followed by C. megacephala (30,56%) and Lucilia eximia (8.13%). Other species were also found such as Lucilia cuprina (5.69%), Cochliomyia macellaria(1 ,45%) and Lucilia sericata (1.12%). The percentage of Sarcophagidae individuais was 3.66%. The twenty-three corpses analyzed resulted in 23 cases investigated in detail, associating the presence of insects with death data
Theodoro, Matheus João Accoroni. "Aplicação da computação gráfica na reconstrução de face para reconhecimento: um estudo de caso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-15052012-101538/.
The facial reconstruction, also known as facial approximation, is performed for centuries by forensic medicine professionals and anthropological areas researchers. In the forensic medicine, for example, it is used when there is no evidence that allows the identification of the individual by considered accurate means, such as DNA testing or dental records. Thus, the purpose of facial reconstruction is to assist researchers in reducing the number of possible unidentified people, therewith allowing the use of accurate tests. There are several methods used for facial reconstruction and researchers are constantly seeking to refine and improve. Then, these methods can be classified as facial reconstruction using 2D images or 3D objects. Among these methods, we can find the facial reconstruction that uses 3D computer graphics tools. This method can be performed both in manual form, where computer graphics tools are used in simulating the real world tools in the facial reconstruction process, or the automated way, where the user input data such as gender, age and ethnicity and the machine performs the entire process of facial reconstruction. The work purpose is to apply modeling techniques and the inclusion of soft tissues measures in 3D skull model, to validate the computer graphics use as a tool to aid the facial recognition in forensic medicine procedures. The skull model was reconstructed from computed tomography. Thus, we performed a study case of an exhumed body, who had the image registration in life as well as soft tissue measures data of the Brazilians faces. The tests were performed using manually 3D computer graphics tools currently available and the results were evaluated both quantitatively. The quantitative tests were performed comparing the surfaces of 3D reconstructions with interpolated and no interpolated craniometric points and to different soft tissues patterns.
Dias, Inês Isabel Marques Lourinhã. "Caracterização e prevalência de xenobióticos em vítimas fatais sujeitas a autópsia na Delegação do Norte do Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, I.P de 2007 a 2008." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62214.
Dias, Inês Isabel Marques Lourinhã. "Caracterização e prevalência de xenobióticos em vítimas fatais sujeitas a autópsia na Delegação do Norte do Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, I.P de 2007 a 2008." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62214.
Kruse, Kristina [Verfasser], Norbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Leygraf, and Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Wiltfang. "Schizophrene Patienten der forensischen Psychiatrie im Vergleich zu schizophrenen Patienten der Allgemeinpsychiatrie / Kristina Kruse geb. Piontek. Gutachter: Jens Wiltfang. Betreuer: Norbert Leygraf." Duisburg, 2012. http://forensik-essen.de.
Crawford, C. "The emergence of English forensic medicine : Medical evidence in common-law courts, 1730-1830." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381838.
Lukhozi, Sipho Michael. "Dual obligations in clinical forensic medicine." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86537.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis discusses ethical dilemmas faced by district surgeons in South Africa. District surgeons render clinical forensic services, which means that they deal mainly with detainees and victims of crime. The main functions of district surgeons are the collection of forensic evidence from patients and the care of detainees. So the focus is to assist in the administration of justice rather than improvement of patient wellbeing. The district surgeon may therefore find himself in a situation where patients’ interests are in conflict with those of law enforcement agencies. Being a medical practitioner in clinical forensic medicine, the district surgeon has an obligation to assist in the administration of justice, as opposed to the traditional obligation to care for patients and put patient’s interests first. This allegiance to both administration of justice as well as patient wellbeing lead to an ethical dilemma of dual loyalties. A dual obligations presents an ethical dilemma for the district surgeon, especially if they are in conflict and mutually exclusive. I discuss the detention and subsequent death of Steve Biko to illustrate how dual obligations can lead to serious human rights violations and even death. Dual obligations are however not limited to detainees and police custody settings, and I demonstrate this by discussing three other scenarios commonly encountered by district surgeons. There is a lack clear guidance for district surgeons who are faced with a conflict of obligations. I explore several ethical theories including consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics, in search of an ethical framework suitable for resolving conflicts in clinical forensic medicine. I therefore argue that a duty based ethical framework is central to clinical forensic medicine and the resolution of loyalty conflicts. I recommend the resolution of conflicts by using an approach developed by Benjamin (2006). This approach involves weighing -up the different duties in conflict, applying philosophical reasoning and then amelioration. By adopting a structured and wellreasoned ethical framework, district surgeons will be able to deal with conflicts of obligations better.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis bespreek etiese dilemmas wat in die gesig gestaar word deur distriksgeneeshere in Suid-Afrika. Distriksgeneeshere lewer kliniese forensiese dienste, wat beteken dat hulle handel hoofsaaklik oor die gevangenes en slagoffers van misdaad. Die belangrikste funksies van distriksgeneeshere is die insameling van forensiese getuienis van pasiënte, en die sorg van gevangenes. Met hierdie benadering is die fokus om te help met die administratiewe doeleindes van geregtigheid, eerder as die verbetering van die pasiënt se welstand. Die distriksgeneesheer kan hom dus in 'n situasie vind waarby die pasiënte se belange in konflik is met dié van wetstoepassingsagentskappe. As 'n geneesheer in kliniese forensiese geneeskunde, het die distriksgeneesheer 'n verpligting om te help met die administrasie van geregtigheid, in teenstelling met die tradisionele verpligting om te sorg vir hul pasiënte, en hul welstand eerste te plaas. Hierdie getrouheid gaan gepaard met beide regspleging, sowel as die welstand van die pasiënt, wat kan lei tot 'n etiese dilemma van dubbele lojaliteit. Dubbele verpligtinge bied 'n etiese dilemma vir die distriksgeneesheer, veral as hulle in konflik en wedersyds uitsluitend is. Ek bespreek die aanhouding en die daaropvolgende dood van Steve Biko om te illustreer hoe dubbele verpligtinge kan lei tot ernstige skending van menseregte en selfs die dood. Dubbele verpligtinge is egter nie beperk tot die gevangenes en polisie-aanhouding instellings nie, en ek demonstreer dit deur die bespreking van drie ander “scenario's” wat oor die algemeen eervaar word deur distriksgeneeshere. Daar is 'n gebrek aan duidelike riglyne vir distriksgeneeshere wat 'n botsing van verpligtinge in die gesig staar. Ek verken verskeie etiese teorieë insluitende konsekwensialisme, deontologie en deugde-etiek, op soek na 'n etiese raamwerk geskik vir die oplossing van konflikte in kliniese geregtelike geneeskunde. Ek argumenteer dus dat 'n pligsgebaseerde etiese raamwerk sentraal is tot kliniese forensiese geneeskunde, en die resolusie van lojaliteit konflikte. Ek beveel die oplossing van konflikte deur die gebruik van 'n benadering wat ontwikkel is deur Benjamin (2006). Hierdie benadering behels 'n gewigsoorweging tussen die verskillende pligte in konflik, die toepassing van filosofiese redenasie en verbetering. Deur die aanneming van 'n gestruktureerde en beredeneerde etiese raamwerk, sal distriksgeneeshere dus in staat wees om konflikte van verpligtinge beter te hanteer.
Duvall, Nicholas. "Forensic medicine in Scotland, 1914-39." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/forensic-medicine-in-scotland-191439(7ca3afe7-7887-4133-9ba0-5206f2ea2237).html.
Hernández, J., R. Guillén, F. Peña, C. Rojas, Y. Yonz, and G. Zavala. "Medicina forense." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/272500.
Cerigatto, Wanderley. "Análise faunística de dípteros necrófagos : ecologia e aplicação forense /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87814.
Banca: Cláudio José Vanzuben
Banca: Marcelo Nougueira Rosa
Resumo: A Entomologia Forense é a ciência que aplica o estudo dos insetos a procedimentos legais. As pesquisas nesta área são feitas desde 1850 e nas últimas décadas vêm obtendo progressos. Esse trabalho visa constituir um banco de dados regional que possa servir como referencial científico nas investigações criminais e estimativas pós-morte, como também no estudo de casos reais que chegaram até o NPML (Núcleo de Perícias Médico-legais) Bauru, Estado de São Paulo. Análises faunísticas foram realizadas em 23 corpos, que foram conduzidos até o NPML. Os corpos eram de vítimas que sofreram morte violenta ou morte natural, para investigação da causa morte, atendendo a solicitação de autoridade competente. Na análise realizada foram encontradas duas famílias de dípteros necrófagos: Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae. Dentre os exemplares de dípteros coletados da família Calliphoridae a espécie mais abundante foi Chrysomya albiceps (49,30%), seguida, por C. megacephala (30,56%), e Lucilia eximia (8,13%). Além destas espécies, foram também encontradas Lucilia cuprina (5,69%), Cochliomyia macellaria (1,45%) e Lucilia sericata (1,21%). Espécimes da família Sarcophagidae totalizaram 3,66% dos insetos coletados. Os vinte e três corpos analisados constituíram-se em 23 casos detalhadamente investigados, associando a presença dos insetos com as informações dos laudos necroscópicos
Abstract: Forensic entomology is the science, which applies insects for legal proceedings. Researches in this area have been performed since 1850 and in the last years researchers have obtained success. In this study a regional data set is presented to be used as a scientific reference in criminal investigations and post mortem interval estimates, as well as to be employed in real cases from the NPML (Núcleo de Perícias Médico-legais) of Bauru, São Paulo. Fauna analysis was performed in 23 corpses, which were led to the NPML. Corpses were victims, which have suffered violent or natural death, separated to investigate the death cause in response to requirements by authorities. In the analysis performed two families of necrophagous dipterans were found, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. The most abundant Calliphoridae species was Chrysomya albiceps (49.30%), followed by C. megacephala (30,56%) and Lucilia eximia (8.13%). Other species were also found such as Lucilia cuprina (5.69%), Cochliomyia macellaria(1 ,45%) and Lucilia sericata (1.12%). The percentage of Sarcophagidae individuais was 3.66%. The twenty-three corpses analyzed resulted in 23 cases investigated in detail, associating the presence of insects with death data
Mestre
Araujo, Rodrigo Thadeu de. "Aspectos médico-legais e preventivos dos casos de afogamentos na região de Ribeirão Preto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-05122007-103925/.
This is the first specific description of drowning cases in a non-coastal area of Brazil, in the locality of Ribeirão Preto, State of São Pauloa region with standards of living comparable to those in developed countries. A total of 89 cases were analyzed. These cases occurred between 2001 and 2004, at a rate of 2.44 cases per 100,000 habitants per year. The pattern of drowning fatalities in relation to parameters of age, sex, seazonality is discussed. The predominant profile observed was that of the Caucasian male of economically productive age (15 to 59 years), accidentally drowned in rivers and dams in rural areas during the summer and autumn. Observation of the pattern of fatalities may permit the development of a program of prevention of drowning in non-coastal, non-tourist areas in Brazil and elsewhere.
Ward, Jennifer. "Origins and development of forensic medicine and forensic science in England, 1823-1946." Thesis, n.p, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
Fernandes, Clemente Maia da Silva. "Análise das reconstruções faciais forenses digitais caracterizadas utilizando padrões de medidas lineares de tecidos moles da face de brasileiros e estrangeiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-03072010-103917/.
The concern with the identification, that is the process by which the identity is determined, is quite old. Currently, the social relations or civil, criminal, administrative and commercial requirements need its evidence. The identification of deceased persons is essential not only to assuage the emotional needs of their friends and family, but also to allow legal actions related to death. Unfortunately, situations often occur when bodies arrive at the Medico-Legal Institutes in a state of putrefaction or skeletonization, and are not identified. In such situations, anthropometric analysis to estimate, for example, age, gender and height, are of great value. In these cases, forensic facial reconstruction is very important because it may serve to recognize and therefore increase the chances of identification. The three-dimensional forensic facial reconstruction can be manual or digital. The digital forensic facial reconstruction was made possible with the advent of Information Technology, medical imaging and new 3D image and reconstruction softwares. To perform facial reconstruction, data on the thickness of the soft tissues of the face are necessary. There is no literature records of facial reconstruction works carried out with digital data of soft tissues obtained from samples of Brazilian subjects. There are two tables of thickness of soft tissue published for the Brazilian population: one obtained from measurements performed in fresh cadavers (fresh cadavers pattern), and another from measurements on magnetic resonance imaging (magnetic resonance pattern). The aim of this study was to perform three different characterized digital forensic facial reconstructions (with hair, eyelashes and eyebrows) of a Brazilian subject (based on an international pattern and two national patterns for soft facial tissue thickness), and evaluate the digital forensic facial reconstructions comparing them to photos of the individual and other nine subjects. We used DICOM images of a computed tomography (CT) donated by a volunteer that, once converted, were used for the realization of the digital facial reconstructions. Once we\'ve performed the three reconstructions, they were compared with photographs of the volunteer who had his face reconstructed and of nine other subjects. Thirty examiners participated in this recognition attempt. The target subject, who had his face reconstructed, was recognized by 26.67% of the examiners in the reconstruction performed with the national Magnetic Resonance Pattern, 23.33% in the reconstruction performed with the national Fresh Cadavers Pattern of and 20.00 % in the reconstruction performed with the International Pattern, and the target-subject was the most recognized subject in the first two patterns. The correct recognitions of the subject indicate that the digital forensic facial reconstruction, carried out with parameters used in this study, may be a useful tool, with one or more subjects recognized to achieve a positive identification.
Freeman, Michael. "The role of forensic epidemiology in evidence-based forensic medical practice." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Rättsmedicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-81434.
Francisco, Raffaela Arrabaça. "Evolução dos casos de antropologia forense no Centro de Medicina Legal (CEMEL) da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP de 1999 a 2010." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-06062012-134805/.
Forensic Anthropology is an area of knowledge that applies the methods of physical anthropology and archeology for the collection and analysis of legal evidences, to establish the identity of a human being. The Legal Medicine Center (CEMEL), of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP) has a Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology (LAF), created in 2005 as a partnership project with the University of Sheffield (UK) and funded by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office Global Opportunities Fund. During this project, a protocol for the analysis of bones with an updated scientific framework applicable to the Brazilian social context was designed. During these twelve years there was an apparent change in the characteristics of the cases referred to the LAF/CEMEL, which led to the need of a detailed analysis and comparative of the cases. The purpose of this study was to show the historical evolution of the forensic anthropological cases analysis in LAF/CEMEL. In a first step, we analyzed the cases accumulated from 1999 to 2004. In a second step, we analyzed cases from 2005 to 2010. Finally, the study was conducted in accordance to the legal cause of death comparing the cases referred to LAF/CEMEL with the total cases of death from external causes in Ribeirão Preto and surrounding region. Based on the reports of Forensic Anthropology (REAFs), the predominant characteristic of bones analyzed anthropologically in LAF/CEMEL were: males, Caucasians, with an average age of 37 years (1999-2004) and 35 years (2005 to 2010 ), an average height of 1.68 meters (1999 to 2004) and 1.70 meters (2005 to 2010), handedness is non-specific (1999-2004), right-handed (2005-2010), with elements of dental information, with pathological findings (1999-2004) and no pathological findings (2005-2010), with clothing and/or belongings (1999-2004) and clothing and/or belongings (2005-2010). It was found that the parameters (eigth) analysed to identifying an individual only through the anthropological examination increased from 65% (1999 to 2004) to 93% (2005 to 2010). We conclude that the constant action in the anthropological analysis of bones has improved the quality of data and increased the likelihood of identifying, fulfilling its scientific and social role. A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between deaths from external causes (homicides) in recent decades occurred in Ribeirão Preto and surrounding region and the bones referred to LAF/CEMEL. Homicides decreased from 34 to 7 cases per 100 000 inhabitants/year. However, the average number of skeletons sent to LAF/CEMEL remained in the same pattern during these twelve years,, showing that there is no relationship between the number of homicides occurred in Ribeirão Preto and surrounding region with the number of bones sent to LAF/CEMEL diagnosed with death from external causes. It is estimated that the cases referred to the LAF/CEMEL bones are most likely linked to the crimes of running and hiding a corpse in the sugar cane fields of Ribeirão Preto and surrounding region.
Lu, Andy. "Forensic analysis on wireless medical devices." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2541.
Nygren, Ebba, and Oona Palokangas. "Fysisk aktivitet kan leda till ökat välbefinnande hos patienter inom rättspsykiatrisk vård : En kvalitativ studie om hur personalen inom rättspsykiatrisk vård upplever användandet av fysisk aktivitet som hälsopromotiv insats." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79528.
In today's society, there is a great need to improve the mental health of the population. A small proportion of people with diagnosed mental illness end up in forensic psychiatric inpatient care when they have committed a crime under a mental disorder. The purpose of the study was to investigate the forensic psychiatric care staff's thoughts on how physical activity is used as a health-promoting input in the current situation, what can be improved and how it can promote patients' health. To answer the question, qualitative research has been done with open letters as a research method. Fifteen forensic psychiatric care staff participated in the study, and were encouraged to write their story based on the sentence “Now I will tell you how we can use physical activity as a health promotion initiative to improve the health of the patients…”. The data was analyzed using manifest content analysis, which resulted in three subcategories as well as one main category; “The more patients are able to move, the better for their well-being” with the subcategories “Sedentary everyday life”, “Wider range of activities”, and “Increased well-being”. According to the results, health-promoting input in the forensic psychiatric care is not used in the extent it could be used. The conclusion is that more health-promoting interventions in the form of physical activity are needed in forensic psychiatric inpatient care, and it is presumed that increased physical activity would result in both improved mental health and physical health among the patients.
Westwood, Ellen Anne. "The use and outcomes of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for forensic populations and non-forensic adolescent populations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7646/.
Machado, Marcos Paulo Salles 1974. "Análise retrospectiva dos exames realizados no serviço de antropologia forense do Instituto Médico Legal Afrânio Peixoto, Rio de Janeiro-Brasil = Retrospective analysis of the skills performed in the forensic anthropology service of the Afrânio Peixoto Medical Legal Institute, Rio de Janeiro-Brasil." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290733.
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a análise retrospectiva dos casos investigados nos dois primeiros anos de funcionamento do Serviço de Antropologia Forense (SAFO) do Rio de Janeiro. Foram recebidas 66 requisições de exames expedidas por autoridades policiais ou judiciárias e cada requisição deu origem a um laudo. Seis requisições continham ossos de origem não humana, três representavam materiais sem interesse forense, enquanto uma outra requisição solicitava exame complementar. As demais 56 requisições continham ossos de 74 diferentes indivíduos, pois nove requisições encaminhavam ossos de mais de uma pessoa. Cinco das 74 ossadas não deram entrada no laboratório do SAFO por terem sido identificados pelo Serviço de Odontologia Forense ou pelo Setor de Necropapiloscopia. Logo, 69 ossadas foram periciadas e o resultados desses exames compõe o presente estudo. Dentre as 56 requisições, 47 (83%) eram constituídas de remanescentes de um único indivíduo, enquanto 9 (17%) traziam ossos de mais de uma pessoa. Menos de 18,8% das 69 ossadas tiveram mais de 95% dos ossos do corpo recuperados, enquanto que apenas 10,14% das 47 ossadas encontradas completamente esqueletizadas tiveram mais de 50% dos seus ossos recuperados. O perfil biológico resultante dos exames das ossadas revelou que a amostra era predominantemente constituída por homens (80%), caucasoides (32%), adultos-jovens entre 21-50 anos (54%) constituindo o grupo de risco. O trauma mais frequentemente observado foi o contundente, correspondendo a 33,3% dos casos, seguido do perfurocontundente, observado em 31,4%. A região mais atingida foi a crânio-cervical, atingida em 42% dos traumas. A relação mais alta observada entre um tipo de trauma e uma região específica do corpo foi a ação perfurocontundente incidindo sobre a região crânio-cervical, correspondendo à 27,3%. 52,1% das ações perfurocontundentes foram observadas na região crânio-cervical. Por fim, a analise dos locais de encontro de ossadas evidenciou um grande número de encontro reduzido a poucas áreas da cidade, revelando que existe concentração da violência
Abstract: The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the cases investigated in the first two years of the Forensic Anthropology Service (SAFO) of Rio de Janeiro. Over these two years the laboratory received 66 examination requisitions requested by police or judicial authorities and each of these requests has resulted in a report. Six corresponded to non-human material, other 3 represented material without forensic implications and another one corresponded to a complementary examination requisition. The remaining 56 requisitions comprised a total of 74 different individuals, once there were 9 cases with bones of more than one person. Five out of 74 skeletal remains did not enter the SAFO laboratory because they had been positively identified by the Forensic Dentistry Office or through Necropapiloscopy. Therefore 69 skeletal remains were examined and the resulting data compose the present study. Out of 56 requisitions, 47 (83%) presented skeletal remains of single individuals; whereas the other 9 (17%) conteined bones of more than one individual. Less than 18.8% of 69 skeletal remains recovered comprised more than 95% of body bones, wile only 10.14% of the 47 fully skeletonized remains had more than half of the bones recovered. The biological profile established after skeletal remains were investigated showed that the sample was made up mainly of male subjects (80%), caucasian (32%), young-adults ranging from ages 21-50 (54%), considered as the risk group. Injuries most frequently observed were blunt trauma (33.3%), followed by gunshot (31.4%). The most susceptible body regions were the head and neck, affected in 42% of cases. The highest correlation between type of trauma to a specific body part was observed with gunshot injuries to the head-neck region, corresponding to 27.3% of the cases. Gunshot trauma represented 52.1% of injuries found on the head and neck. Analysis of the places where the remains were recovered reveled a great number of cases restricted to a few areas of the city, which shows the violence is concentrated in these localities
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Soares, Andjara Thiane Cury. "Perfil antropológico das ossadas analisadas no Centro de Medicina Legal (CEMEL) da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-13012009-172238/.
SOARES, A.T.C. Anthropological profile of the skeletons analyzed at the Medico Legal Centre (CEMEL) of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto USP. 2007. 169 p. Dissertation (Masters Degree) Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, 2007. Forensic Anthropology is an area of knowledge that applies the methods of physical anthropology and archeology to the collection and analysis of legal evidence, including the search for individual identity. The Medico Legal Centre (CEMEL) of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP) has a Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, created in 2005 during a development project in partnership with the University of Sheffield (UK) and financed by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office Global Opportunities Fund. During this project, a protocol for skeletal analysis was implemented within an upgraded scientific infrastructure for application in a socially important context. After two years of work, it was noticed that many skeletons forwarded to CEMEL were incomplete, making completion of a biological profile difficult and postponing identification due to the lack of information and recent national literature about Forensic Anthropology. Therefore, 42 human skeletons examined at CEMEL since its inauguration in 1999 were analyzed and reviewed. The results showed most cases to be of male individuals, of Caucasian ethnic origin, aged between 32.71 and 46.29 y.o., of height between 1.64 and 1.73 m, right handed, without any pathological findings, with informative odontological findings, but with no clothes or other belongings. It was observed that 61.90% of the skeletons were less than 50% complete, with a mean of 79.64±52.40 bones per case. The most frequently found bones were the occipital, left parietal, left temporal, right parietal, right temporal, right femur and one to 12 thoracic vertebrae. The least frequent bones were the hyoid, left triquetral, 1st right superior distal phalanx, two to five right superior distal phalanges and two to five left superior intermediate phalanges. The most frequently found teeth were the right superior 2nd molar and right superior 1st molar, while the least frequent teeth were the right superior central incisor, and right and left inferior central incisors. Clothes or other belongings were present in 20 cases, totaling 66 items. Thirty one cases have potential to be identified only via forensic anthropological analysis. For the remaining 11 cases it will be probably necessary to use DNA for identification. In view of these observations the necessity for improvements in technical qualifications and infrastructure are discussed, as well as recovery and transport, in order to maximize the number of skeletal elements recovered andas a consequenceof information useful in identification. Two skulls presented evidence of a craniotomy conducted during autopsy and one of candle residue, suggesting that it may have been taken improperly from the place of burial, or even sold, for its use in religious rituals. It is concluded that public awareness campaigns and better inspection of cemeteries may reduce cases of robbery and trade in skeletal remains.
Morris, Neil Kenneth. "HIV in South African forensic medical practice." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31133.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Forensic Medicine
MSc
Unrestricted
Williams, Graham Andrew. "Identification and resolution of capability gaps in forensic science." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2012. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/17500/.
Mullen, Carrie. "Quality Assurance of forensic investigations in toxicology and traffic safety." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5465/.
Sturgess, Danielle. "Engagement in treatment amongst a forensic population." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6559/.
Takaichi, Kenichi. "Nail analysis in forensic toxicology for the detection of drug misuse." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3533/.
Ariffin, Marinah Mohd. "The application of novel extraction and analytical techniques in forensic toxicology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4144/.
Filho, Renato Evando Moreira. "Micologia forense: a dinÃmica da microbiota fÃngica na investigaÃÃo do perÃodo post mortem." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2981.
With developing of forensic observations, certain species of insects and microorganisms were described as indicators of periods of the degradation of the body. However, the literature is still scarce in the field of Forensic Mycology. It was investigated the microbiological characteristics of fungi presence in the post mortem change, as well as, it esteemed the value of the mycology exams in the study. 400 collections was accomplished in 60 human bodies (34 of the bloated stage, 06 of the putrefaction stage and 20 of the skeletonization stage) at the Fortaleza city morgue and public cemeteries in the state of CearÃ, The picked material was analyzed through macro/microcharacteristics and specific biochemical tests. Ally to such analyses, was also accomplished the test of the perforation of the hair in vitro in hair of corpses in the bloated stage and in hair of healthy adults. The material gathered was analyzed at the Specialized Medical Mycology Center of the Federal University of CearÃ. With the anthropological results, it was observed that male, in the interval of the 31 to the 40 years, was more commonly attacked, being the capital (Fortaleza) the more involved in the number of deaths. In the bloated stage, among the identified filamentous fungi, the presence of four orders was observed: Order Eurotiales (63 isolated Aspergillus spp and 21 isolated Penicillium spp), Order Mucorales (4 Mucor spp), Order Hypocreales (2 Acremonium spp, 1 Trichoderma spp and 1 Fusarium spp) and Order Saccharomycetales (2 Geotrichum spp). In the yeast distribution, it was observed the orders:Saccharomycetales (44 Candida spp) and Tremellales (5 Trichosporon spp). In the putrefaction stage, it was isolated the following orders: Eurotiales (Penicillium spp 2 and Aspergillus 2) and Hypocreales 1 (Acremonium spp). Regarding the yeasts, it was just isolated the Order Saccharomycetales (Candida spp 3). In the eskeletonization stage, the following orders were observed: Order Eurotiales (Aspergillus spp 22 and Penicillium spp 18), Order Mucorales (Mucor spp 10) and Order Hypocreales (Acremonium spp 2 and Trichoderma spp 1). Regarding the yeasts, two orders were found: Tremellales (Trichosporon spp 1) and Saccharomycetales (Candida spp 1). In the hair perforation test in vitro, it was positive in the bloated stage, differing of healthy adults,where the test was negative. For conclusion, Forensic Micology is still a rich field in data and fungi can come to be a tool in the aid of human post mortem diagnosis.
Com o evoluir das observaÃÃes mÃdico-legais, determinadas espÃcies de insetos e microrganismos foram descritos como indicadores de perÃodos da degradaÃÃo do corpo. Entretanto, a literatura cientÃfica ainda à escassa no campo da Micologia Forense. Assim, investigaram-se as caracterÃsticas microbiolÃgicas dos fungos partÃcipes na mudanÃa de flora post mortem em humanos, bem como estimou-se o valor da realizaÃÃo de exames micolÃgicos no estudo cronotanatolÃgico. Foram realizadas um total de 400 coletas em 60 corpos humanos (34 do perÃodo gasoso, 06 do coliquativo e 20 do esqueletizado) examinados no Instituto MÃdico-Legal de Fortaleza e em cemitÃrios do Estado do CearÃ. Foram realizados estudos macro/micromorfÃlogicos e testes bioquÃmicos especÃficos para cada grupamento fÃngico isolado. Aliado a tais anÃlises, foi tambÃm realizado o teste da perfuraÃÃo do pÃlo in vitro em pÃlos de cadÃveres no perÃodo gasoso e em pÃlos de adultos hÃgidos. Estas identificaÃÃes foram realizadas no Centro Especializado em Micologia MÃdica da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Com os resultados antropolÃgicos, foi observado que o sexo masculino, dos 31 aos 40 anos, foi o mais comumente acometido, sendo a capital (Fortaleza) a mais envolvida no nÃmero de mortes. No perÃodo gasoso, dentre os fungos filamentosos identificados, foi observada a presenÃa de quatro ordens: Eurotiales (63 isolados de Aspergillus spp e 21 de Penicillium spp), Mucorales (4 Mucor spp) e Hypocreales (2 Acremonium spp, 1 Trichoderma spp e 1 Fusarium spp) e Saccharomycetales (2 Geotrichum spp). No referente Ãs leveduras, verificaram-se as ordens: Saccharomycetales (Candida spp 44) e Tremellales (Trichosporon spp 5). No perÃodo coliquativo, registraram-se as ordens: Eurotiales (Penicillium spp 2 e Aspergillus 2) e Hypocreales 1 (Acremonium spp). No referente Ãs leveduras, isolou-se apenas a Ordem Saccharomycetales (Candida spp 3). No perÃodo de esqueletizaÃÃo, verificaram-se as seguintes ordens: Eurotiales (Aspergillus spp 22 e Penicillium spp 18), Mucorales (Mucor spp 10) e Hypocreales (Acremonium spp 2 e Trichoderma spp 1). No referente Ãs leveduras, registraram-se duas ordens: Tremellales (Trichosporon spp 1) e Saccharomycetales (Candida spp 1). Quanto ao teste de perfuraÃÃo do pÃlo in vitro, a positividade foi observada no perÃodo gasoso, diferindo de adultos hÃgidos, em que foi negativa. Conclui-se que o estudo da Micologia Forense ainda à um campo rico em dados e que os fungos poderÃo vir a ser uma ferramenta complementar no estudo do tempo de morte em Medicina Legal.
Yokchue, Tanasiri. "In vitro studies of drug transformations : application to forensic toxicology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7490/.
Lemos, Nikolaos P. "Analysis of bile and nail as alternative biological specimens in forensic toxicology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4116/.
Kan, Man-yee Elsie. "Application of neisseria gonorrhoeae molecular typing techniques in forensic medicine." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971854.
Kan, Man-yee Elsie, and 簡文意. "Application of neisseria gonorrhoeae molecular typing techniques in forensic medicine." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971854.
Lerer, Leonard Brian. "Forensic epidemiology : the interface between forensic science and public health." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25827.
Kuhnen, Barbara. "Mensuração da espessura de tecidos moles faciais de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154033.
Resumo: Na sociedade, a identificação humana é indispensável tanto por razões legais como humanitárias. Porém, existem situações em que corpos encontrados não são passíveis de reconhecimento ou quando não há suspeição, impossibilitando a identificação. Nesses casos, análises antropológicas são de extrema importância, pois permitem estabelecer o perfil biológico do sujeito. Assim, realiza-se a Reconstrução Facial Forense (RFF) para possibilitar o reconhecimento e levar a uma possível identificação. A RFF, para ser realizada, precisa dos valores das espessuras de tecidos moles faciais (ETMF) em diversos pontos craniométricos. Essas medidas servem como guia para se estabelecer um limiar do contorno da face e podem ser influenciadas por diferentes fatores como sexo, ancestralidade, idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Não há na literatura tabelas de ETMFs de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros, para auxiliarem na RFF. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar a mensuração da espessura de tecidos moles de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros, a partir de dados de imagens de Tomografias Computadorizadas de Feixe Cônico (TCFC) de indivíduos vivos, considerando-se as variáveis sexo, idade, cor da pele e índice de massa corporal. Neste estudo, foram mensurados os 21 pontos craniométricos pré- determinados por meio do software Osírix Lite, de imagens de TCFC da região de cabeça e pescoço de 103 não adultos brasileiros (39 crianças e 64 adolescentes), obtidas junto aos arquivos de imagens de uma... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In society, human identification is indispensable both for legal and humanitarian reasons. However, there are situations in which bodies found are not recognizable or when there is no suspicion, making identification impossible. In these cases, anthropological analyzes are extremely important, since they allow to establish the biological profile of the subject. Thus, Forensic Facial Reconstruction (FFR) is performed to enable recognition and lead to a possible identification. The RFF, to be performed, needs the values of facial soft tissue thicknesses (FSTT) at several craniometric points. These measures serve as a guide to establish a threshold of the face contour and can be influenced by different factors such as sex, ancestry, age and body mass index (BMI). There are no tables in the literature of FSTTs of Brazilian children and adolescents, to assist in FFR. The objective of this study was to measure the thickness of soft tissues of Brazilian children and adolescents, based on data from Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of living individuals, considering the variables gender, age, skin color and body mass index. In this study, 21 pre-determined craniometric points were measured using the Osírix Lite software, from head and neck CBCT images of 103 non-Brazilian adults (39 children and 64 adolescents), obtained from the image files of a Clinic of Radiology and Dental Documentation located in the city of Araraquara - SP. According to the obtained results, there wer... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Franco, Catarina Peixoto de Pinho de Gouveia. "Marcas de mordida e a medicina dentária forense." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4600.
A Medicina Dentária Forense é uma ciência que estuda as aplicações dentárias em processos judiciais e que tem como objetivo a pesquisa de fenómenos psíquicos, físicos, químicos e biológicos que podem atingir ou ter atingido o Homem vivo, morto ou esqueletizado, e mesmo fragmentos ou vestígios, resultando de lesões parciais ou totais, reversíveis ou irreversíveis. O reconhecimento da sua importância está relacionado à actuação decisiva, em alguns episódios, quando há necessidade de identificação de corpos por meio do exame dentário ou identificação criminal. As marcas de mordida são geralmente vistas em casos de agressão sexual, assassinato e abuso de menores e pode ser um factor importante para levar a uma condenação. Um dos mais intrigantes, complexos e controversos desafios em Medicina Dentária Forense é o reconhecimento, registo e a análise de marcas de mordida em pele humana devido à constituição desta, dos tecidos adjacentes e movimentação do agressor e/ou vítima. O estudo das marcas de mordida é feito segundo diversas análises sendo a mais utilizada a análise comparativa. As marcas de mordida podem ser encontradas em qualquer parte do corpo, particularmente no tecido macio e carnudo como o estômago ou nas nádegas. Além disso, as marcas de mordida podem ser encontradas em objectos presentes na cena de um crime. Na pesquisa bibliográfica recorreu-se aos motores de busca PubMed, Science Direct, B-On, Elvesier, SciELO e Wiley. Utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: “Bite Marks”, “Forensic science”. Sendo incluidos 96 artigos na elaboração desta tese além de alguns sites e livros consultados. Os objectivos deste trabalho são identificar características das marcas de mordida que permitam ao investigador concluir o causador da marca, evidenciar a sua importância no contexto da Medicina Dentária Forense (crimes sexuais, abusos infantis, agressões, etc), referenciar diversas técnicas de análise e as suas possíveis vantagens/desvantagens em cada caso. Devido à crescente violência, os crimes tornam-se mais sofisticados e aprimorados, sendo necessárias técnicas científicas desenvolvidas na investigação pericial. Dada a importância da Medicina Dentária Forense o Médico Dentista é crucial na identificação, localização, registo, denuncia e sinalização devendo haver mais formação incentivada pelas Instituições do Ensino Superior, organizações e mesmo clínicas nesta área tão essencial para prevenir a escassez dos especialistas evitando, deste modo, a falha de identificação destes episódios deteriorantes. Forensic Dental Medicine is a science of dental applications in legal proceedings and which aims to research psychic, physical, chemical and biological phenomena that can reach or have reached the living, dead or in skeletal man, and even fragments or traces resulting in partial or total, reversible or irreversible lesions. The recognition of its importance is related to the decisive role in some episodes, when there is need to identify bodies through dental examination or criminal identification. The bite marks are usually seen in cases of sexual assault, murder and child abuse and can be an important factor to lead to a conviction. One of the most intriguing, complex and controversial challenges in Forensic Dentistry is the recognition, recording and analysis of bite marks on human skin due to the establishment within the adjacent tissues and movement of the perpetrator and / or victim. The study of bite marks is done according to various analyzes and the most frequent benchmarking. The bite marks may be found anywhere in the body, particularly in soft and fleshy tissue such as the stomach or buttocks. Moreover, the bite marks can be found in objects on the scene of a crime. In the literature we used the search engines PubMed, Science Direct, B-On, Elvesier, SciELO and Wiley. Using the following words-key: “Bite Marks”, “Forensic Science”. 96 being included articles in the preparation of this thesis as well as some websites visited. The objectives of this study are to identify characteristics of bite marks that allow the researcher to conclude the cause of the brand, highlighting its importance in the context of Forensic Dentistry (sex crimes, child abuse, assault, etc.), cite several analysis techniques and its possible advantages / disadvantages in each case. Due to the increasing violence, the crimes become more sophisticated and refined, necessary scientific techniques developed in the forensic investigation being. Given the importance of the Forensic Dentistry Dentist is crucial in identifying, locating, recording, and betrays signs should be more training encouraged by Higher Education Institutions, organizations and even clinics in this area as essential to prevent the shortage of specialists avoiding this Similarly, failure to identify these episodes spoilage.
Savka, I. H., B. Mykhailichenko, M. Stasyuk, and A. Santos. "A modern methods of investigation a fracture plane in forensic medicine." Thesis, Mat. of the 19-th IAFS world meeting, 9-th WPMO triennial meeting, 2011. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2627.
MARTINS, Geraldo. "Calliphoridae (Insecta, Diptera) associados às fases de decomposição de carcaças de suínos (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) em área de caatinga no estado da Paraíba." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5666.
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The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the abundance of dipteran family Calliphoridae present along the decomposing carcass of pigs in the Cariri, Paraiba State, Brazil, in two periods: rainy and dry. The study was conducted in Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Fazenda Almas, in São José dos Cordeiros-PB. We used two pig carcasses (Sus scrofa) by period, protected from scavengers by a metal cage inside trap like "Shannon". Samples were collected daily, twice a day, for eleven days in both periods. The meteorological data of precipitation were obtained at the Centro de Previsão e Estudos Climáticos do INMET and temperature and relative humidity were obtained in situ using a digital hygrometer. The insects collected were placed in the laboratory of entomology of UFPB and identified as well. We collected 8.811 individuals of the family Calliphoridae, belonging to six species (Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1818), Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Devoidy, 1830), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) e Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1818)), which were presented the in both the periods, although a relative abundance of species was higher in the rainy period (4.706). We measured the abundance of species per period, where C. albiceps was the most abundant in the dry period (3.244/36, 81%) and C. idioidea in the rainy period (2.860/32, 45%). There were five stages of decomposition: fresh, chromatic, emphysematous, coliquative and skeletonization stage. The emphysematous was the stage where we most collected Calliphoridae (3.923/44, 52%), followed by skeletonization (3.458/39, 25%), chromatic (726 / 8.24%), coliquative (627/7, 12%) and fresh (77/0, 87%). It was also found that the highest abundance of C. idioidea occurred on the highest elevation of relative humidity and rainfall. This study is the first survey of the region of Caatinga in Paraiba state using active collecting, these results will serve to enrich the data to local forensic entomology and will contribute to the understanding the fauna of the region carrion flies.
Objetivou-se com este estudo inventariar e analisar a abundancia de dípteros da família Calliphoridae presentes ao longo da decomposição da carcaça de suínos na região do Cariri, estado da Paraíba, Brasil, em dois períodos: chuvoso e seco. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) na Fazenda Almas, no município de São José dos Cordeiros-PB. Foram utilizadas duas carcaças de suíno (Sus scrofa) por período, protegidas de animais carniceiros por uma gaiola metálica no interior de armadilha do tipo “Shannon”. As coletas foram realizadas diariamente, duas vezes ao dia, durante onze dias em ambos os períodos. Os dados meteorológicos de precipitação foram obtidos no Centro de Previsão de Tempo e de Estudos Climáticos do INMET e a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar foram obtidas in loco utilizando-se um termohigrômetro digital. Os insetos coletados foram encaminhados mediante autorização ao laboratório de entomologia da UFPB e posteriormente identificados e parte deles depositada na coleção de referencia. Foram coletados 8.811 indivíduos da família Calliphoridae, pertencentes a seis espécies: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1818), Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Devoidy, 1830), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) e Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1818), as quais estiveram presentes em ambos os períodos, porém a abundância relativa de espécies foi maior no período chuvoso (4.706/53,4%). Verificou-se a abundância de algumas espécies por período, onde a C. albiceps foi a espécie mais abundante no período seco (3.244/36,81%) e C. idioidea no período chuvoso (2.860/32,45%). Observaram-se cinco fases de decomposição: fresca, cromática, enfisematosa, coliquativa e esqueletização. A enfisematosa foi a fase onde mais se coletou Calliphoridae (3.923/44,52%), seguida pela esqueletização (3.458/39,25%), cromática (726/8,24%), coliquativa (627/7,12%) e fresca (77/0,87%). Constatou-se também que a maior abundancia de C. idioidea ocorreu no dia de maior elevação da umidade relativa e precipitação. Este é o primeiro estudo de levantamento realizado com coleta ativa em região de Caatinga paraibana, cujos resultados permitirão enriquecer os dados da entomologia forense local e contribuirão para o entendimento da fauna de dípteros necrófagos da região.
Moretto, Maurício. "Comparação em estudo cego da aplicação de método antropométrico versus tabela de decisão LAF/CEMEL para estimativa de sexo em ossadas com perfil bioantropológico conhecido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-06062017-160210/.
Forensic Anthropology deals with the analysis of various aspects of the human being applied to the interests of justice. In practice, it works with skeletonized or partially skeletonized human remains in the context of an investigation, aiming to help or even provide the identification of unknown corpses. One of the few centers of expertise in Brazil, CEMEL bases its analysis on a decision-making protocol, named LAF/CEMEL, developed since 2005, which has given good results, reaching identification levels in the 38% range. The protocol is based on method of decision tables, analyzing aspects of bone anatomy to allow classification of sex, ancestry, age, height, dominance (right-handed/sinister). Regarding the estimation of sex, it is based on anatomical information especially of the pelvis, skull and jaw. Prepared in cooperation with researchers from the University of Sheffield (UK), it was based on comparisons with defined populations: Caucasian, African or Indigenous/Eastern. However, due to the intense miscegenation of the Brazilian population, the LAF/CEMEL protocol had to be adapted, aiming at the improvement of the results. However, the questions are if anthropometric analysis as presented in the literature, originated from and applied for homogeneous populations of defined ancestry could be used for Brazilian cases, considering its admixed ancestry and to what extent the method is effective or, in association with the current protocol, could make it more effective. This study was proposed to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of an anthropometric method of sex estimation from the mastoid process triangle (porion, asterion and mastoidale), as described by Kemkes and Göbel (2006) and Paiva and Segre (2003). Of 74 skulls selected from the CEMEL/FMRP-USP collection, 28 were excluded due to the impossibility of execution of the method. The remaining 46 skulls were measured three times and the results compared with each other, as well as with the assignments based on the classifications used in the LAF/CEMEL protocol. In addition to the number of exclusions due to impossibility of execution of the method and the need for technical refinements to avoid intra-observer errors, the imprecision reached until 16,9% and inaccuracy 67,4%. The obtained results disagreed with those obtained by Paiva and Segre (2003) in 60.9% of cases. Reduction of observer errors over time and with technical refinement led to the anthropometric method increasing in efficiency. It was not as effective in estimating the sex of the skulls in the heterogeneous admixed sample compared to the anthroposcopic methods of LAF/CEMEL, indicating that these are more useful on samples of this kind.
Alfazil, Abdulkareem Abdulwahab. "Stability of drugs and pesticides of forensic toxicological interest and their metabolites in biological samples." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1309/.
Battah, Abdel-Kader Hamdi. "The analysis of drugs and solvents in forensic toxicology by combined GC- and LC-MS." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4115/.
Gettings, Katherine Butler. "Forensic Ancestry and Phenotype SNP Analysis and Integration with Established Forensic Markers." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3590467.
When an evidential DNA profile does not match identified suspects or profiles from available databases, further DNA analyses targeted at inferring the possible ancestral origin and phenotypic characteristics of the perpetrator could yield valuable information. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common form of genetic polymorphisms, have alleles associated with specific populations and/or correlated to physical characteristics. With this research, single base primer extension (SBE) technology was used to develop a 50 SNP assay designed to predict ancestry among the primary U.S. populations (African American, East Asian, European, and Hispanic/Native American), as well as pigmentation phenotype. The assay has been optimized to a sensitivity level comparable to current forensic DNA analyses, and has shown robust performance on forensic-type samples. In addition, three prediction models were developed and evaluated for ancestry in the U.S. population, and two models were compared for eye color prediction, with the best models and interpretation guidelines yielding correct information for 98% and 100% of samples, respectively. Also, because data from additional DNA markers (STR, mitochondrial and/or Y chromosome DNA) may be available for a forensic evidence sample, the possibility of including this data in the ancestry prediction was evaluated, resulting in an improved prediction with the inclusion of STR data and decreased performance when including mitochondrial or Y chromosome data. Lastly, the possibility of using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to genotype forensic STRs (and thus, the possibility of a multimarker multiplex incorporating all forensic markers) was evaluated on a new platform, with results showing the technology incapable of meeting the needs of the forensic community at this time.
Flemons, Kristin. "Medical humanitarianism and its mutations: an ethnography of the African Medical and Research Foundation." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119569.
Ce mémoire cherche à montrer que l'African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) constitue une « mutation » de l'humanitaire médical, aussi bien dans le temps (à travers l'histoire de l'organisation) que dans l'espace (de l'Europe, lieu d'origine de l'humanitaire jusqu'au siège social d'AMREF en Afrique de l'Est). Dans le cadre de ce projet, l'auteure a entrepris quatre mois de recherches de terrain auprès du personnel des bureaux d'AMREF au Kenya, entre Juin et Septembre 2012, faisant usage de méthodes de recherche telles que l'observation participante, des visites de terrains, et de la recherche d'archives. Le premier chapitre documente l'engagement de la Fondation vis-à- vis de projets de modernité médicale, technique et bureaucratique en Afrique de l'Est, venant ainsi nuancer certaines analyses centrées sur le minimalisme humanitarisme. Dans le deuxième chapitre, une présentation détaillée de l'histoire de l'organisation permet d'en mettre en valeur son caractère particulier et unique. Enfin, dans un troisième chapitre, les activités de recherches d'AMREF sont analysées à la fois comme suppléments et transgressions des frontières entre l'humanitaire médical et la santé mondiale.
Whatson, Chloe Louise. "An examination of current practice and new developments in the forensic assessment of offenders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6670/.
Al-Asmari, Ahmed Ibrahim. "Applications of LC-MS/MS in forensic toxicology for the analysis of drugs and their metabolites." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1290/.
Al-Ahmadi, Tareq Mohmmed. "A comparison of derivatisation procedures for the detection of multiple analytes in systematic forensic toxicology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/948/.