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1
Afanaseva, O., and A. Makushev. "Responsible investments in hop farming: Foreign and domestic experience." BIO Web of Conferences 108 (2024): 25009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410825009.
Анотація:
The article examines the current trends in the investment activity of hop farming in the main hop-producing countries. The structure of investments in fixed assets of the industry in large specialized farms in the USA (Washington State University methodology), in small farms in the USA (joint methodology of the University of Michigan and Vermont), in average farms in Europe (SIMAHOP methodology of the Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing) and in farms of the Chuvash Republic — the main hop-producing region of Russia (model CCU of the Czech Republic “Agro-Innovations”). According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the hop growers bear the greatest investment costs at the initial stage — during the construction of the hop frames and the laying of hops. Capital investments at this point account for 50-60% of all long-term investments. On average, 15% to 19% of investments are invested in the purchase of specialized machinery and equipment. From 20% to 30% is occupied by investment costs for hop harvesting points.
2
Ruth Sippel, Sarah. "Financialising farming as a moral imperative? Renegotiating the legitimacy of land investments in Australia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17741317.
Анотація:
This paper investigates the debate about foreign investment in Australian farmland. Employing a moral perspective, it is argued that the apparent tensions over foreign land investments in recent years can be interpreted as a renegotiation of the legitimate grounds upon which farmland investments should take place. The analysis shows that elements of worth are being applied to farmland that go beyond the ‘pure’ treatment of land according to market principles. Most notably, national references, together with concerns about control over strategic resources and the involvement of foreign sovereign entities, have gained prominence. Reacting to these concerns, the investment of domestic superannuation capital has emerged as a moral imperative to keep farmland in ‘national hands’. The paper thus stresses the need for a more nuanced differentiation between different kinds of ‘capital’ and particularly the way they are morally evaluated. The paper furthermore reveals that the linkages between capital and ‘nature’ are not forged in a random or arbitrary way. They are crucially shaped by the societal understanding of the legitimacy of certain kinds of capital and their associated motives and intentions as part of the broader understanding about the rules and principles that should govern economic activities.
3
Kyslytska, I. "CURRENT TRENDS OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN AGRIBUSINESS IN UKRAINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 70-71 (2018): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2018.70.27.
Анотація:
The article emphasizes the importance of the agrarian sphere for the stabilization and development of the Ukrainian economy. It is determined that agrosphere is the object of research of representatives of various scientific directions. Terminological inconsistency was found in the definition of such concepts as agrobusiness, agro-industrial complex, agrarian sphere (industry, sector), agriculture, in connection with which their differentiation was made and an attempt was made to outline their content. It is noted that with the development of market relations, the term “agrobusiness” is the most successful and acceptable for defining all processes that occur in the agro-industrial complex. The attention is drawn to the lack of a unified methodology for statistical accounting and a system of generalized indicators of inflow of investments. The principles are generalized, taking into account the international experience, according to which today the collection and analysis of statistical data in the agrarian sector are carried out in Ukraine. The existing problems of statistical accounting of foreign investments into agrarian business are highlighted. A retrospective analysis of foreign investment in the agrarian business of Ukraine was conducted. It was revealed that from 2009 to the present day, the pre-crisis indicators of inflow of foreign investments did not succeed. An estimation of modern tendencies of foreign investment in the agrarian business of Ukraine is carried out. The following perspective factors of investment revival, such as the permanent growth of demand for its products, the reduction of risks, the positive impact of reforms, the diversification of markets, and the expansion of sown areas, are highlighted. The structure of foreign investments in agrarian business is considered. It is noted that the most attractive for investors are such industries as crop production (sunflower growing, barley, corn, rape, wheat, honey, soybeans) and livestock farming, as well as auxiliary activities in agriculture and post-harvest activities. TOP-5 of the largest investor-countries of agrobusiness activity of Ukraine are allocated. The territorial features of financial revenues from foreign investors in Ukrainian agrobusiness are presented. It is generalized that in the regional dimension, the leaders in the volume of foreign investments received are the Kyiv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, and more than a third of all foreign investment in agriculture, forestry and fisheries of Ukraine falls on the city of Kyiv, where the head offices of many agricultural producers are located. As a conclusion to the article, measures were proposed to improve and improve the structure of foreign investment in agrobusiness in Ukraine both at the state and corporate levels.
4
Dzhumabaev, Kalil, Ainura M. Zhoroeva, and Alymkul K. Dzhumabaev. "PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BATKEN REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 12/2, no. 141 (2023): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.12.02.010.
Анотація:
The article discusses issues of development of the Batken region of the Kyrgyz Republic. The authors note that in order to increase production in the real sector of the economy of the Batken region, it is necessary to attract foreign and domestic investment in priority sectors of the industrial sector, and stimulate the production of export products from local raw materials. It is proposed to attract large investments for the socio-economic development of the region, as well as the creation of a preferential investment regime for the organization of public or private breeding and seed farming enterprises, small and medium-sized businesses in the adjacent border areas of the region.
5
LAMBERT, KERI. "‘IT'S ALL WORK AND HAPPINESS ON THE FARMS’: AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN THE BLOCS IN NKRUMAH'S GHANA." Journal of African History 60, no. 01 (March 2019): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853719000331.
Анотація:
AbstractThis study assesses the agricultural sector under the government of Kwame Nkrumah as a dynamic Cold War front. After Ghana's independence in 1957, Nkrumah asserted that the new nation would guard its sovereignty from foreign influence, while recognizing that it needed foreign cooperation and investment. His government embarked upon a development program with an emphasis on diversifying Ghana's agriculture to decrease her dependence on cocoa. Meanwhile, both the United States and the Soviet Union sought to establish footholds in Ghana through agricultural aid, trade, and investments. In the first years of independence, the Ghanaian state encouraged smallholder farming and American investment. Later, in a sudden change of policy, the government established large-scale state farms along the socialist model. This article brings to light the ways that Ghanaians in rural areas engaged with and interpreted the increasingly interventionist agriculture projects and policies of Nkrumah's government.
6
Augustine, Ujunwa, Chinwe Okoyeuzu, Anthony Igwe, and Wilfred Isioma Ukpere. "Socio-economic risk factors of foreign land acquisition in a developing country." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv6i4siart3.
Анотація:
Large investment in African land has generated serious interest among academicians, policy makers, international and local development agencies as well as civil organization. The debates centre on the phenomenal trajectory and the drivers of this investment in Africa. The inaccuracy or ambiguities in number of deals and institutional specificities has brought in the main, the need to undertake country by country study of foreign land deals in agricultural investment. To suggest vital information that will aid policy formulation and deliberation at country level, the study is on Congo-Brazzaville. This paper explores the factors that influenced foreign land acquisition in Congo, the impact of such investment on the host communities, and faults the decision of the government to make the attraction of foreign investment in agriculture a priority without fashioning out institutional framework that will regulate the investors and promote market discipline. Based on the above, the paper recommends strategies the government should earnestly pursue to mitigate the negativities of the investment and leverage on the benefits of commercial farming in the country, especially, in the area of skill transfer.
7
Yeboah, Evans. "COMPLEMENTARITY OF FDI AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF GHANA: ANALYSIS OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3532.
Анотація:
Foreign direct investment inflows into Ghana have been a major source of economic growth transformation. Many investing countries aspire to provide Ghana’s economy with new models and direction for development alternatives to foreign aid which will in effect benefit both nations. Given the government’s intention of transforming most agriculture products into finished commodities other than exporting these commodi-ties in their raw states, a new set of incentives and policies to attract investors into the agriculture sector have been initiated. This consists of farming for food provision and employment generation in a bid to moderating the high rate of unemployment aside depending on the normal farming methods. This study sets to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment in the agriculture sector on employment generation. The paper argues that employment created in the agriculture sector was attained through the number of registered projects allocated to various sectors within the Ghanaian economy categorized by the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre. Methodologically, this study utilizes a statistical descriptive approach that backs a summary of the com-plementary analysis of foreign direct investment inflow quantitatively using data on FDI inflows from 2013 to 2018. The result shows that the percentage share of the total number of registered projects allocated and employment created in the agriculture sector through FDI is very low compared to sectors like the manufacturing and service. It was also discovered that the agriculture sector contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the late 90s weighed much higher than the other sectors and contin-uous decline in the 2000s. It is recommended that investors should enter into the agri-culture sector since there are many benefits.
8
Pohan, Fawwaz Muhammad Zakli, and Suparna Wijaya. "Industrial Revolution In Agriculture And Manufacturing Sector 4.0 Whether It Has The Potential To Increase Value Added Tax Revenue: Case Study In Balkan." Educoretax 4, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54957/educoretax.v4i3.757.
Анотація:
The urgency of tax revenue in a country is something that is emphasized by the government. In this research, Value Added Tax revenue is the focus to be examined because it is related to many economic sectors. Therefore, the government tries to obtain tax revenue from various economic sectors to meet the country's targets and needs. This study aims to determine the impact of the agricultural sector and the manufacturing industry sector on Value Added Tax (VAT) revenues or what we know as Value Added Tax or VAT in the Balkan region on the European continent, with Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) moderation, through descriptive quantitative methods based on data from the World Bank. Through this research, it is found that the agricultural sector hurts VAT revenue, as well as the manufacturing industry sector which hurts VAT revenue. However, for the farming sector and the manufacturing industry sector which are moderated by the Foreign Investment variable, it is found that both do not affect revenue. Then the last moderation variable alone, namely Foreign Investment, does not affect revenue. It is hoped that this research will provide new insights related to the agricultural sector and the industrial sector with its influence on Value Added Tax revenue.
9
Piddubna, Daria, Viktoriia Shekhovtsova, Olha Melnychuk, and Mykola Pypiak. "Formation of the Economic and Legal Basis for the Development of Organic Farming in Ukraine Through the Prism of European Experience and Attracting Foreign Investment." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p385.
Анотація:
The natural resources as the constituent of the natural environment and their condition are determined, which requires immediate action. The interaction of a person, his activity with the natural environment is characterized. Economic indicators, including price policy, social guarantees, protection and protection of economic activity in comparison with the international and European status are determined. The analysis of components of the environment in Ukraine is given and the legal bases for the settlement and protection of human rights and freedoms are defined. Potentially possible activities for Ukraine are outlined. The vectors of development and support from the state of Ukraine are analyzed. The direction of development of farming, which today is defined as the creation of a legal entity, with the statute, mandatory state registration, with the opening of an account in a financial institution, is determined in the framework of the current regulatory framework. Attention is drawn to the support of family forms of economic activity at the European level. In order to protect natural resources as constituents of the natural environment and components of human life, it is proposed to take measures to support and develop small and medium business entities, as well as directly owners of land plots, including land plots (shares). The prospects for the introduction of organic farming in Ukraine as an element of the state of the environment change are determined. The necessity of taking a number of economic and legal actions that will be directed not only to protect and protect the rights of citizens of Ukraine but also to meet the commitments that Ukraine has assumed through European integration will meet the generally accepted international and European requirements in the field of conducting international relations for different vectors, and also create conditions for attracting foreign investments into Ukraine. Keywords: economic and legal basis, organic farming, European experience, foreign investment, natural resources, environment, landowners, farming, agro-chemicals and pesticides, price policy.
10
Borodin, Sergii. "Responsible Land-Based Investment in Ukraine: International Regulatory Practice." Oblik i finansi, no. 4(94) (2021): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2021-4(94)-62-70.
Анотація:
In 2021, a free agricultural land market was opened in Ukraine. So, an increase in investments in the acquisition of agricultural land in Ukraine is expected, which actualizes social problems, particularly guaranteeing the rights of peasants, small producers and small farmers, vulnerable groups of the population, women, and rural youth to own and use land. The risks of land investments for the Ukrainian economy are associated with the loss of a small landowner, the displacement of the farming system, an increase in rural unemployment, violation of the rights of rural communities, and the destruction of the rural living environment. The purpose of the study is to substantiate recommendations for Ukraine based on an analysis of international experience in regulating the processes of attracting responsible land investment and highlighting the basic principles of responsible investment in agriculture and food systems. The main international documents on responsible investments in the implementation of large-scale land projects were analyzed. It has been established that foreign investment in land tenure and land use in Ukraine is associated with high demand due to the availability of supply of agricultural land and the opening of a land sale and purchase market, the transformation of natural resources into commercial assets, a corruption component, and uncertainty with the value of the land. The necessity of the following steps has been substantiated: а) development of recommendations for responsible investment in land tenure and land use; b) introduction of the concept of “responsible land investment” into the national legislative field; c) development of a system for regulating investment activity based on international standards. The author suggested recognizing family farmers, small owners, and small producers, especially women, rural youth, rural residents, as the main responsible investors in the field of land use in Ukraine.
11
Sabadash, Viktor V., Peter J. Stauvermann, and Ruslana O. Peleshchenko. "Competitiveness of Ukrainian Companies in Foreign Markets: New Challenges and Opportunities." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no. 1 (2019): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2019.83.06.
Анотація:
The key tasks of Ukrainian companies in foreign markets are determined in the article on the basis of analysis of the actual problems of foreign economic activity. The technologies of Ukrainian companies (especially small ones) entering foreign markets are quite costly and organizationally complex. Even a once successful strategy of foreign economic activity needs continuous improvement and adjustments in line with changes in the external business environment. Priority areas, innovations, and improvements that will contribute to improving the competitive position of Ukrainian companies in foreign markets include: professional (competence, knowledge, experience), logistics (the basis of supply in foreign trade contracts), insurance (exchange rate risks), financial (currency deregulation), institutional (attraction of external investments), customs (electronic declaration), and technological. The study proved that in a competitive environment, a commercially successful strategy of foreign economic activity of Ukrainian companies can be secured through intensification of technology transfer; increase in the volume of high-tech goods trade and exports of goods (services) with high added value; use of advantage of free trade agreements; increase in exports of organic farming products; strengthening the procedures for protecting intellectual property. These components are characterized by the significant potential for increasing the competitiveness of national companies in foreign markets. Taking into account resource opportunities of Ukrainian companies and external challenges (economic, geopolitical, technological, investment), the strategic task is gradual, but the irreversible shift of trade flows from the CIS countries to the European and Asian market. Key words: business, foreign economic activity, company, competence, competition, product, rating, market, trade.
12
Besada, Hany. "Ethiopia: Natural Resource Exploitation and Emerging Investors1." Revue Gouvernance 14, no. 1 (July 26, 2017): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040637ar.
Анотація:
Natural resource governance accelerates development. Ethiopia, a low-income country, passed land legislation in the 1990s and subsequently exhibited exceptional economic growth and human development improvements. From 2004 to 2014, Ethiopia’s average annual GDP growth rate was about nine per cent. Nevertheless, over 80% of the population remain food insecure. Using a literature review and interviews, this case study examines Ethiopia’s economic and social development through a land governance lens. It aims to document the flaws in Ethiopia’s regulatory framework that hinder vulnerable communities from leveraging the benefits of greater foreign direct investments (FDI) and resultant economic growth. The case analyzes Ethiopia’s agricultural governance framework and the impact of FDI-driven large-scale farming on smallholder communities, and concludes with suggestions for alternative investment approaches. The case study reveals that Ethiopian government legislation and resultant macroeconomic growth has yet to deliver inclusive and stable economic gains for many of the vulnerable smallholder communities. There is a need to advance further regulation and policies that not only protect these vulnerable communities, but also enhance economic and trade incentives for potential foreign investors.
13
Bazyvoliak, S. M., N. P. Prokopenko, and V. V. Melnyk. "FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT OF POULTRY FARMING DURING MARTIAL LAW IN UKRAINE." Sučasne ptahìvnictvo 2023, no. 3-4 (2023): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/poultry2023.03-04.006.
Анотація:
The Russian invasion of Ukraine fundamentally changed the lives of Ukrainians, and also made significant adjustments to the work and development of poultry farming, which requires the study of issues related to the consistency of the vectors of development of the industry with public interests and determines the need to justify the further directions of the development of the industry, taking into account its state and the domestic situation and foreign markets. The purpose of the work is to establish the state of poultry farming in the conditions of martial law and outline the prospects for the development of poultry enterprises, taking into account the competitive environment in the domestic and foreign markets. The material for analytical research was published works in the specified direction; the methodological basis of the work is a systematic approach to uncovering the state of functioning of poultry enterprises based on methods of analysis and synthesis, scientific generalization. In connection with the military actions of the aggressor country, the poultry industry has undergone negative changes, which are manifested in the loss of production potential, the growth of risks in the actual absence of financial support and the significant deterioration of investment support. The analysis of the work of a number of poultry enterprises shows not only their activities in terms of production products for domestic and foreign markets, but also establishing the release of new types of products, cooperation with charitable foundations and organizations, export of products. The entry of Ukrainian poultry products into new export markets is an important tool for economic support of our producers during the war. Large domestic manufacturers must establish new logistics routes for exporting their products. The materials of the article are of practical value for poultry enterprises of various capacities for choosing ways and directions for further development and restoration of functioning.
14
Khaddafi, Muammar, Rico Nur Ilham, Fuadi Fuadi, Marzuki Marzuki, and Reza Juanda. "DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITIES OF TRADERS AND PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS IN REALIZING INDEPENDENT WELFARE THROUGH THE MOVEMENT OF LOVE TO SAVING SHARE (GERMAS) IN GAMPONG BLANG PULO AS A EXAMPLE OF GAMPONG INVESTMENT." IRPITAGE JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (November 17, 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v1i1.60.
Анотація:
In the industrial era 4.0 technology has emerged and people's thoughts are increasingly democratic. Nowadays, we see a lot of phenomena in coffee shops where young people with their laptops can buy company shares through investment and get dividends. This investment activity will encourage a country's economy, absorb labor, increase output resulting in foreign exchange savings or even increase foreign exchange. Investment aims to get a fixed income in each period, meet future needs and so on. Thus, the increase in the value of this investment is expected to help economic growth for the welfare of the community. (www.idx.co.id) The condition of the community in Blang Pulo Village is in a position that is still in the lower middle-class community where most people earn from farming and trading. Almost the average community does not have savings prepared for the future. Others are in a weak economic position where their income is only enough for their daily meals. With the investment village, it is hoped that the trading community in Gampong Blang Pulo will be willing to follow directions to save shares every month on a regular basis to get the maximum profit possible. (https://kampungkb.bkkbn.go.id) An investment village is an activity to introduce investment to the community and invite people to save shares. As well as providing guidance on how to invest properly and correctly that can generate future returns without any element of usury. With the investment village program, it is expected to be able to develop the potential that has been pioneered by the community to be more developed. The investment village will be held in Gampong Blang Pulo and will be assisted by local village officials in its implementation. The Investment Village Extension activity began with recording and visiting people's homes and then making friendly gatherings to increase friendship. After that, conducting counseling to invite people to save shares regularly every month and provide guidance on the capital market and conduct socialization in Gampong Blang Pulo to make the investment village program a success.
15
Zhang, Dandan, Chunlai Chen, and Yu Sheng. "Public investment in agricultural R&D and extension." China Agricultural Economic Review 7, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-05-2014-0052.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of public investment in agricultural R&D and extension on broadacre farming productivity in Australia. Design/methodology/approach – An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) regression model is applied to estimate the effects of public investment in agricultural R&D and extension on Australian braodacre productivity. Findings – The study reveals that public investment in agricultural R&D and extension has contributed almost two-thirds of average annual broadacre productivity growth between 1952-1953 and 2006-2007, the average internal rate of return to public investment in agricultural R&D and extension was 28.4 and 47.5 per cent a year, respectively, and overseas spill-ins is an important source of domestic agricultural productivity growth. Practical implications – Policy implications: the findings suggest that increasing public investment in agricultural R&D and extension and maintaining agricultural R&D policy stability are equally important to have a sustained long-term agricultural productivity growth, and maintaining an open trade and investment regime is important to benefit from foreign knowledge spillovers which is especially important for developing countries. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the existing literature by employing more sophisticated econometric techniques with an extended data set for the period from 1952-1953 to 2006-2007. The study separates the contribution of public R&D investment and the extension investment, and also takes into account the contribution of overseas public investment on the TFP growth in the Australian broadacre sector.
16
Reswita, Andi Irawan, and Ketut Sukiyono. "THE ROLE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SME) ON THE ECONOMY." International Journal of Social Science 1, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v1i4.743.
Анотація:
SME is the productive economic activity widely occupied by the people to sustain their household economy, community, and nation's economy. The SME sector can stand firmly as one of the economic prime-movers for many circles within the community, providing and absorbing workforce to decrease unemployment in the society. The presence of SMEs can also provide added value on farming products so that the farming commodity may increase its usefulness value. This article aims to discuss the role of SMEs in the Indonesian economy. The research method implemented in arranging this study is a literature study by reviewing articles published by the previous writers and examining the abstract of those researches. Based on the literature study, this research concluded that SME presence, either internationally, nationally, or developing economic growth in various regions in Indonesia. The SME has the crucial meaning and roles for developing and increasing the income (PDB and PDRB), provider and employee/workforce, diminishing poverty rate, increasing investment rate, increasing foreign commerce through export, and contributing tax as the state income sources.
17
Harn, Sai Seng. "Utilizing Technology Management for Effective Cattle Management." RSF Conference Series: Business, Management and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (September 5, 2023): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/bmss.v3i3.683.
Анотація:
This research explores the opportunities presented by integrating sensors, big data, and machine learning technology within the global cattle farming industry. The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of technology management in advancing cattle management practices on a global scale. Data was collected from 554 ranchers, with 386 respondents having a minimum of five years of cattle management experience. Rigorous analysis was conducted to examine the impact of technology management, particularly focusing on sensors, big data, and machine learning, on various aspects of effective cattle management. The findings demonstrate the significant importance of technology management and Machine Learning in cattle farming. The study reveals strong correlations between technology management practices and all sub-factors of effective cattle management, including productivity, cost, and health. The research results suggest a substantial positive influence of technology management on enhancing effective cattle management, supported by a 95% confidence level. Furthermore, the study recommends Thailand as an attractive destination for foreign investment in the beef industry, highlighting the pivotal role of artificial intelligence technology in realizing this potential.
18
Barakat, Nora. "Underwriting the Empire: Nizamiye Courts, Tax Farming and the Public Debt Administration in Ottoman Syria." Islamic Law and Society 26, no. 4 (September 13, 2019): 374–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685195-00264p02.
Анотація:
AbstractThis article investigates the role of the Ottoman Nizamiye Court of First Instance in conflicts over capital between public revenue agencies and tax farmers in the Syrian district of Homs at the turn of the twentieth century. The court’s records show that it adjudicated these conflicts in exclusive reference to codified law. However, I argue that the court’s formalist adjudication responded to political and economic circumstances defined by the global fiscal crises of the 1870s. In the aftermath of these crises, tax farmers took on new roles underwriting both Ottoman public debt and foreign investment through contracts with public revenue collection agencies like the Public Debt Administration. These agencies employed codified law to garner as much of tax farmers’ profits as possible. Tax farmers used the same law to contest these efforts and leverage their new economic influence to maintain control over regional markets and land. The court’s formalist rulings served the prerogatives of imperial sovereignty and solvency.
19
Semsal, A., and S. Shupyk. "Efficiency of state support for milk production in Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2 (169) (December 9, 2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2021-169-2-50-62.
Анотація:
The article is devoted to the evaluation of the effectiveness of state support for milk production in Ukraine. It is proved that in order to overcome the negative trends in the industry and increase the investment attractiveness of dairy farming in the strategic and future perspective, it is necessary to increase the effectiveness of state regulation, increase state support and improve subsidy mechanisms. We believe that the positive impact on ensuring the efficiency of milk production in agricultural enterprises has also been achieved through the introduction of such a tool as subsidies to finance the construction of new farms. We believe that it is necessary to introduce cheaper costs for the modernization of production facilities in agricultural enterprises, construction of innovative processing facilities. It is proved that the low efficiency of state regulation instruments of dairy farming and large amounts of investment, the industry does not attract new producers. In addition, the country has not created appropriate conditions for the transition of OSG from milk production to small businesses and increasing the production capacity of farms, which also does not lead to the emergence of new players in the raw milk market. At the same time, the experts took into account the risk of entering new foreign players. It is established that the main factors of the external environment that affect the effective development of dairy farming are: state support of the industry and innovation, improving the investment climate. Internal factors of effective development of the industry are related to; availability and optimal structure of fixed and current assets; rational selection and placement of staff; rational use of forage lands; improving the breed composition of the herd; development of material and technical base; increasing the rate of renewal of fixed assets; increasing the level of mechanization and automation of technological processes; introduction of innovative technologies of cattle keeping and feeding; compliance with scientific requirements for herd reproduction; integrated diversification; development of the system of planning and forecasting, rationing and cost control; an effective system of employee motivation, a flexible management system and appropriate social security for employees. Key words: state support, agricultural enterprise, dairy cattle breeding, efficiency, population economy.
20
SMIHUNOVA, Olena, and Oleksandr ILIN. "STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 5, no. 4 (December 2, 2020): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2020-4-10.
Анотація:
The transition to organic farming is a matter of time given the deteriorating environmental situation in the world. At present, Ukraine is one of the most powerful producers and exporters of agricultural products in the world, and the reorientation to organic agricultural production will strengthen and consolidate its position in the world market. Today, Ukrainian farmers specialize mainly in the production of organic crop products: wheat, barley, sunflower, corn for grain, etc., because the cultivation of arable crops is less expensive. Organic farming currently accounts for about 1% of agricultural land, which, however, puts Ukraine in seventh place in the world ranking of producers of organic cereals. The regions with the highest concentration of certified lands and certified operators are Kherson, Kyiv, Odesa, Cherkasy and Zaporizhia regions. Organic farming is a promising area of investment; its development is also facilitated by joint projects of domestic producers with foreign companies. Currently, Ukraine ranks second in the ranking of countries exporting organic products to the European Union, supplying the European market with about 80 categories of goods, including value-added agro-industrial products, whose presence on the world market expands prospects for increasing production. A review of analytical data showed that the share of organic products sold in the domestic market in 2019 was only 1.54%, which is primarily due to the low solvency of the population. However, there is a gradual expansion of the domestic market for organic products. One of the problems hindering the introduction of organic technologies in production is the limited working capital of farmers, because ensuring the environmental friendliness of production requires the introduction of additional operations and strict compliance with agronomic requirements. The interest of foreign companies in large batches makes it impossible to directly supply products from small enterprises. Therefore, we consider the creation of cluster formations to be a promising direction. Key words: organic production, organic technologies, organic agriculture, grain, holding, cluster.
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Lavrov, Ruslan, Lyudmyla Remnova, Іryna Sadchykova, Hennadii Mazur, Mykola Tymoshenko, Volodymyr Kozlovskyi, and Serhii Kozlovskyi. "Investments in the Sustainable Development of the Potato Sector in Ukraine Based on the Optimal Balance of Production and Consumption." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 19 (January 11, 2022): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.19.
Анотація:
Growing role of potato farming in food security system of the country needs attracting the new investment in preserving and process restructuring of the sector, at scientifically proven approach to defining the optimal scope of potato production, processing, and storage – to avoid the extra stocks, unnecessary losses, and inefficient investment resources at any stage of agri-food chain. Purpose of the study is to justify the conceptual model of investing in development of Ukrainian potato sector, based on calculated optimal structure of balance between potato production and consumption, as well as the effective combination of fresh and processed products, to ensure competitive parameters of potato market in actual market environment. Object of the study is forming and increasing the added value in agri-food chain, due to optimal parameters of balance between potato production and consumption. The study methodology is based on system analysis laws, which allow justifying the competitive parameters of Ukrainian potato sector in varying economic space, thus reducing the unnecessary loss in “producing-processing-transporting-sale-consumption” chain. Use of developed optimization model for potato production/consumption balance, by minimizing the potato residues at the end of year, revealed the extra stock (2.4 million tons) in early 2020, which was unbalanced with consumer demand. Due to inefficient distribution of gross potato yield in Ukraine, conclusion was made on need to reduce investment in overproduction (17.5%) and direct the major investment flows in potato processing industry, increase the export potential, and expand the foreign market boundaries for Ukrainian potato products, semi-finished and fresh products, at ensuring the relevant quality. In this view, authors proposed a conceptual investment model for potato sector of Ukraine, based on optimal balance of potato production and consumption till 2027, which ensures achieving the strategic result in terms of global competition.
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HERAIMOVYCH, Violeta, Iryna HUMENIUK, and Оksana KUBAI. "THE CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRY AND EXPORT OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS OF UKRAINE." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 5 (45) (May 2019): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-5-4.
Анотація:
The article explores the modern State and development dynamics of livestock industry of Ukraine, as one of the leading branches in the market. Indicators of production and consumption of livestock farming products are vital when determining the population living standards. Livestock industry is the main source of high quality food products supply, and its products are raw materials for the processing industry. Basing on the above the issue of livestock revival gets exceptionally acute in the country. The article analyzes the current state of livestock products market development in Ukraine and its capabilities in the modern world economic space. The main trends of livestock products export are examined. The share of export in the total amount of livestock production is defined. It is ascertained that the main reasons for the livestock production and export decline are the reduction of the population of livestock of all types: cattle, pigs, poultry, and the lack of State support. Prospective directions for the domestic agricultural products export extension primarily to the EU market are suggested: development of farming as the main component of the competitive domestic agricultural production system, increase of infrastructural projects financing, development of the financial infrastructure of the agricultural sector, improvement of the investment climate in the country. Firstly, the necessity to develop farming as the main component of the competitive domestic agricultural production system. This time formation of an open competitive environment within the whole agricultural market rather than direct financial support to specific agricultural producers, which is so much popular by now in Ukraine, has to be the key direction of livestock farming revitalization. Only in this case the development of farming in Ukraine will lead to the activation of agricultural cooperation and the diversification of agricultural products variety to be potentially exported to the European market. Secondly, a consistent policy of reducing the share of direct subsidies paid as a financial support to the agricultural sector, while increasing the expenses aimed at the implementation of infrastructure projects, especially emphasizing modernization of marketing, transport-logistics and informational infrastructure of agricultural market of Ukraine and its regions. Thirdly, an important tool to stimulate exports of agricultural products from Ukraine and increase its diversification is the development of the financial infrastructure of the agricultural sector. First of all this means the formation of the modern model of financial-credit service supply for agricultural producers based on the introduction of different forms of financial leasing, non-bank credits, agricultural insurance, factoring and venture capital operations in agriculture, etc. Fourthly, intensive implementation of steps to improve the investment climate in most regions of our country, taking into account the specifics of their agricultural production. To do this, it is necessary to create a modern industry for industry direct foreign investment attraction, including the formation of agricultural clusters and agri-technoparks focused on the intensification of modern agricultural technologies transfer to Ukrainian market. Hence, the state and development dynamics of the livestock industry affect not only economic performance of agriculture, but also quality of life, well-being and food security of the population. Especially it is necessary to note the fact that livestock farming satisfies the needs of the domestic food market and current situation in the industry is also directly caused by the problem of declining incomes, which recent years have been falling in connection with the population’s income and paying capacity decrease.
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Sokolov, Sergei L., Sergei A. Shelkovnikov, Anatoly T. Stadnik, Anastasia A. Samokhvalova, and Dmitrii V. Essaulenko. "Improving the efficiency of grain exports by processing organisations." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1206, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1206/1/012008.
Анотація:
Abstract Increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and its processing is a priority since the farming industry provides the population with the necessary food. The provision of the domestic market with processing products of the crop industry and its high competition is forcing domestic flour milling organisations to pay more and more attention to foreign markets, but this requires solving the problem of the relatively high cost of Russian flour, the main component of which is grain, the price of which is constantly growing. The increase in world trade in flour also contributes to expanding export deliveries. At the same time, the fact that each country seeks to establish its flour production becomes a deterrent. Russian flour is more expensive than Turkish, Kazakh, and Ukrainian, but in terms of quality, it has the advantage of not using toxic substances (which many foreign manufacturers “sin” with). The task of ensuring and maximising the efficiency of production and processing of grain requires a successful solution to take into account a large number of factors - labour, investment, economics, and others, which are comprehensively taken into account in the process of analysing the efficiency of production, processing, and export of grain about value added to material costs.
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Giacomin, Valeria. "The transformation of the global palm oil cluster: dynamics of cluster competition between Africa and Southeast Asia (c.1900–1970)." Journal of Global History 13, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 374–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022818000207.
Анотація:
AbstractThis article explains the rise of palm oil as a global commodity during the twentieth century as the result of cooperation and competition between two different clusters in former colonial territories. The connection between these two locations was mediated by Western companies, colonial officials, scientists, and businessmen. Eventually, the Southeast Asian cluster, organized on estate lines inherited from rubber, outcompeted the old one in Africa, mostly based on the farming of semi-wild trees. The article investigates the activities of scientists and businessmen exchanging information, knowledge, and practice between Africa and Asia for almost a century. It shows that cooperation among communities of practice helped to advance palm oil knowledge, but also created increased rivalry between the two locations. Thanks to the mobility of experts, and to knowledge exchange in colonial and early postcolonial times, multinationals were able to replicate clusters across locations with similar climate, taking advantage of a business environment more conducive to foreign investment.
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Grabovsky, R., O. Dadak, and M. Dorosh-Kizym. "Competitiveness of Ukrainian agriculture on foreign markets and ways to increase it." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 24, no. 100 (December 20, 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e10003.
Анотація:
Studying the problems of increasing the competitiveness of domestic agricultural enterprises remains relevant. Ensuring the functioning of the domestic agricultural sector against the background of globalization processes in the food market is possible under constant improvement of the organizational and economic conditions of the functioning of farming enterprises. The article presents the results of the study of selected indicators that characterize the efficiency of the use of natural resources by agricultural producers, and the grouping of enterprises according to the size of the harvested area of the main crops is carried out. During the research, it was established that the most efficient use of the land resource was by enterprises with an area of 500 to 3,000 or more thousand hectares. These farms have a high yield, which exceeds the statistical average by 15 %. Large farms have more investment resources and the ability to improve administration processes, use technical support, apply advanced technologies, and, as a result, gain competitive advantages in domestic and foreign markets. The factors that shape the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises have been determined, and a comparison of the management level of domestic agrarian enterprises with foreign competitors has been made. The factors that need to be considered to achieve the most significant economic indicators from the agricultural activity are given. Since the primary determinant of the economic efficiency of the state is its competitiveness in foreign markets, the results of the conducted research are aimed at improving and increasing the level of use of the existing natural resource potential, which is at the disposal of domestic agricultural producers.
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Ali, Md Idris, and Md Faisal-E. Alam. "Changes in Socio-Demographic Factors of Bangladesh: Links with Poverty." Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS) 2, no. 3 (October 7, 2022): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijias.v2i3.619.
Анотація:
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate how poverty is changed along with four socio-demographic factors. The study is descriptive, using panel data from 2007 to 2019 by employing Trend Line and Correlation of Coefficient. The Trend Line depicts that life expectancy is increasing, literacy is rising, the population growth rate is fixed, the infant mortality rate is a downtrend, and poverty has been reduced over thirteen years in Bangladesh. The Correlation results showed that the correlation between life expectancy rate and poverty rate as well as literacy rate and poverty rate are negative but significant statistically. Besides, the population growth rate and poverty rate, as well as the infant mortality rate and poverty rate, are correlated and statistically significant. The outcomes indicate that an increasing pattern of life expectancy rates and literacy will decrease the poverty rate in Bangladesh. In addition, the population growth rate and high infant mortality rate increase the poverty rate in Bangladesh. The government should formulate a time-oriented fair policy so that rapid growth of the economy, foreign investment, and capacity to manage risks connected with natural calamities and investment in farming and infrastructure is possible to alleviate poverty. Finally, it is suggested that multidimensionality such as regional disparity and mental health conditions should measure empirically to know the causes of poverty in Bangladesh.
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SMIRNOV, Valerii V. "The content analysis of regional entrepreneurship." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 556–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.3.556.
Анотація:
Subject. The study determines directions for developing the business activity in the Russian regions. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach and methods of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis. Results. I review the current aspects of the regional business development when business rules are changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The article scrutinizes the concept of entrepreneurship in terms of historical development and legal status. Having conducted the content analysis of the business activity in a lagging region of the Russian Federation, I found its highest concentration, with small businesses (and microbusinesses) taking the lead and maintaining the employment. Businesses tend to trade in goods of other producers, thus decreasing the average headcount for smaller businesses, including microbusinesses. Studying the hierarchy of economic activity types small businesses engage in by share of investment in the capital stock (in terms of new and imported fixed assets), I note the unprofitable investment n such foreign trade activities, such as Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fisheries and fish farming, and Construction. The dynamism of small businesses drops earlier, longer and deeper if compared to sole proprietors. In a lagging region, smaller business forms can evolve only if they deal with trade. Conclusions and Relevance. The content analysis of the Russian regional business gave an understanding of its development limits from perspectives of a lagging region, which determines the growth rates of business activity in Russia. The content analysis reveals high growth rates of trade in goods that smaller businesses sell, without being their producers. The findings contribute to the knowledge and competence of specialists working for the Russian Ministry of Economic Development to make consistent managerial decisions concerning the distribution and redistribution of investment resources.
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Garazha, O., I. Cherneha, V. Ulanchuk, O. Skus, and O. Nepochatenko. "Agricultural Production in Eastern Europe: History, Current Status, and Prospects of the Development for Innovation." Science and Innovation 19, no. 2 (March 18, 2023): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine19.02.083.
Анотація:
Introduction. Agricultural production is a prerequisite for the economic development of the Eastern European countries, which ensures food security of the citizens in the conditions of constantly varying economic environment.Problem Statement. The main condition for the development of the agrarian sector is an established system of selling products at high prices. Therefore, its assessment requires in-depth analysis, with the need for organic and high-quality food products making this problem extremely urgent.Purpose. Studying the current status of agro-food production and food security in the countries of Eastern Europe and the needs in raw materials of interrelated industries of the national economy, which can become a driving force for the development of rural areas; assessing the investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector; and determining the prospects for the development of agro-food production in Eastern Europe.Material and Methods. In this research, we have used systematic approach, comparative analysis, generalization, synthesis and analysis. The sources are statistical reports of international institutions, government and private organizations, scholarly research publications of foreign and domestic researchers.Results. The five elements of agro-food production in Eastern Europe have been identified: availability of resources suitable for agriculture; transformation of land relations; the structure of gross production by branches of agriculture; development of organic agriculture; investment attractiveness of the studied countries. The challenges of the agricultural sector at the middle and lower levels of agriculture have been described.Conclusions. The key prospects for the development of agricultural production in Eastern Europe are: improvement of the agricultural land market, sale of agricultural products in European and international markets, development of innovation through the introduction of modern technologies of agricultural production, development of organic farming, enhancing interest of credit and banking sector in investment projects in the sphere of agricultural production.
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Oshio, P. E. "Agricultural Policy and the Nigerian Land Use Decree: The Conflict." Journal of African Law 30, no. 2 (1986): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300006525.
Анотація:
The importance of agriculture especially in a developing country cannot be over-emphasised. It had been the mainstay of the Nigerian economy since the colonial period. Apart from subsistence farming which catered for the food needs of the local population, Nigeria had exported cash crops in the past.Unfortunately, the blessings of the oil boom have diverted our attention from agriculture in the past decade with the consequent neglect of it. But the dwindling fortunes of oil appear to have induced us to switch our attention once again to agriculture.To this end, some practical steps have been taken by Government to encourage investment in agriculture. These include subsidising fertilisers and seeds for farmers, the establishment of various Agricultural Development Projects, the Communal Farm Programmes and the establishment of various River Basins Development Authorities. Other recent measures include tax relief for agro-allied projects; tax holidays for investors in combined agricultural productions and processing; capital allowances for capital expenditure on plant and equipment for, and equipment leasing to, agriculture; removal of import duties on tractors and other agricultural machinery and equipment and increased foreign equity participation within the framework of the Enterprises Promotion Decree.
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Dzhailova, Asel. "Economy of Kyrgyzstan in the Framework of the Integration Strategy for Silk Road Revival." Journal of Eurasian Economies 2, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/j02.1.0111.
Анотація:
In this study, an assessment of the need and the effectiveness, as well as the prerequisites for the integration of the Kyrgyz economy into the implementation of the Chinese strategy for the revival of the Silk Road has been made. The main directions and mechanisms of the dynamic development of the economy of Kyrgyzstan in the context of deepening integration are considered.
To this end, the current level of trade, as well as the economic and investment cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and the People's Republic of China (PRC) are examined. Measures are outlined to ensure a balance in the foreign trade turnover of Kyrgyzstan with the PRC, and to increase the Kyrgyzstan's export potential.
In this context, positive and negative trends in the bilateral cooperation for the implementation of large infrastructure projects are identified. Guidelines for expanding mutually beneficial economic cooperation in the field of farming and processing of agricultural products are determined. Recommendations to strengthen the mutually beneficial economic cooperation in the development of hydro-power resources of Kyrgyzstan, the implementation of transport and transit projects, and the construction of international logistics centers are proposed.
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Nursapina, K. U., and Zh B. Kenzhin. "Material and technical base of grain production in the Republic of Kazakhstan: current state and prospects." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-4.2708-9991.22.
Анотація:
The goal is to analyze the current state of grain production in economically developed countries and Kazakhstan, its interaction with material and technical support. Methods - the theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes the fundamental development and concepts of domestic and foreign scientists on the acceleration of the technical equipment of grain sub-complex, the provisions of modern economic theory, regulatory documents and legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the process of studying these problems, the following methods were applied: system analysis, monographic, economic statistics. Results - the main directions of State regulation of this sub-sector of the agro-industrial complex were analyzed. The prospects for the development of grain farming are shown, aspects of replenishment of fixed assets, introduction of innovations, new technologies and techniques are considered. The coefficients of withdrawal and renewal of the machine and tractor facilities (MTF), the average age of tractors and combines have been calculated. The industry, despite its significant potential, retains imbalances and remains noncompetitive. There is a low investment activity of foreign capital. Conclusions - the state of the MTF of agricultural enterprises in grain sector is extremely unsatisfactory, the possibility of its replenishment is significantly lower than the rate of decommissioning of outdated agricultural equipment, which leads to the increased load on one tractor and combine harvester. In turn, high cost of new machines does not allow agricultural producers to purchase equipment, introduce modernized models that ensure the use of modern, including resource-saving technologies. There is a need for program measures to promote the development of agricultural engineering.
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Ibatulin, M., and B. Khakhula. "Influence of breeding pig breeding on efficiency production of the industry." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(159) (November 24, 2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-159-2-22-30.
Анотація:
The article considers the problems of development of breeding pig breeding in Ukraine as a basis for the functioning of efficient and competitive commodity production. According to the results of the study, with the reform of agricultural production, commodity pig farming suffered significant losses, which had a negative impact on the efficient operation of breeding farms, especially breeders. The main reasons for the intensification of destructive phenomena in the field of breeding pig farming are the unstable level of purchase prices for pig products, low profitability and unprofitable production. It is obvious that the organization of the domestic selection system has a significant impact on reducing the cost and increasing the profitability of pig production, ensuring the quality and competitiveness of breeding (genetic) resources. The results of scientific research show that a significant increase in productivity in pig breeding is achieved through the effect of heterosis in interbreeding, and it is proved that under favorable conditions, the effect of crossbreeding is on average live weight gain of about 10-15% and feed payment 8- 10%. It is proved that to date there has been no clear pattern of a positive trend of change in the yield of piglets per sow in breeding pigs. Analysis of the procedure for receiving funds under the state program for partial reimbursement of the cost of breeding animals purchased for further reproduction shows that in 2017 compensation for breeding pigs and boars of domestic origin ("elite" class) was 20% of the planned due to lack of state budget funds for appropriate measures . In 2018, this amount of compensation was increased to UAH 5,000 per head. It was found that the unit cost of live weight of a breeding animal in 2017 was 2-2.5 times higher than in commercial pig farms. The high cost of production of breeding animals is due to higher feed costs due to components of the diet of mainly foreign production. It is obvious that the difficult financial situation determines the low investment attractiveness of the breeding pig industry for both domestic and foreign investors. Key words: breeding pig breeding, animal productivity, breeding breeders, market dynamics, import of breeding pigs, production cost, state support programs.
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Kopytko, O. V., R. V. Seniv, and I. M. Laganjak. "Influence of investment and innovation activity in the agrarian sector of agroindustrial complex on development of rural territories." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 92 (May 11, 2019): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9211.
Анотація:
To date, the development of the economy is determined by the high dynamics of economic and technological transformations, which is intensified by competition in a number of industries, which leads to changes in the needs of society. These factors come to the fore due to the rapid development of information technologies and the globalization of the global economy, that in such conditions, enterprises of the agrarian sector of agrarian and industrial enterprises need to continuously improve innovation and technological development, in order not to lose competitiveness and position on the external and internal market of food. Innovations are expanding the capabilities of agricultural producers, influencing the socio-economic development of rural areas. Therefore, it is relevant to increase the intensification of agricultural production on the basis of the active introduction of innovations in the agrarian sphere of Ukraine. Currently, successful farmers and owners of large agroholdings are seriously interested in modern technology of land cultivation and livestock farming, as well as high-tech. They are ready to invest heavily in their lands – and their interests are supported by domestic and foreign partners. The association of territorial communities (OTG) focuses on the need to consider and legislatively establish mechanisms for protecting the interests of peripheral rural communities, support for the cooperation of small agricultural producers, and promote diversification of the rural economy, which will increase employment and reduce the migration of the rural population. This involves stimulating entrepreneurial activity, diversifying the employment of the rural population (green tourism, crafts and crafts, services), mechanisms of influence of public self-government and regional self-regulation on the socio-economic components of communities and territories.
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Kuzmenko, Oleksandr, Iryna Semenchuk, and Viktor Pohromskyi. "Regional leadership of agrarian production in Ukraine: assessment, problems and directions of development." Economic Annals-ХХI 182, no. 3-4 (April 15, 2020): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v182-10.
Анотація:
The leading regions of Ukraine’s agricultural production are the most eye-catching for attracting foreign investments, introducing innovative technologies and entering international markets. Research of the main factors, characteristics and experience which determine the agricultural guidance of the regions provide information to the potential investors for the accomplishment of investment and innovation programs, identify problems and ways to solve them for further expansion of the agricultural sector. The study applied the method of estimating the level of agricultural production in terms of gross agricultural output per one person of the rural population (GAO per one person of the rural population). The evaluation of the leadership of agricultural production in the regional aspect was carried out on the basis of the Ukraine’s regional allotment into three groups, formed by the ranges of the ratio of GAO per one person of the rural population to its average value in Ukraine. A group of regional leaders from 15 oblasts (regions) that form the leading agricultural district (Vinnytsia, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zhytomyr, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv, Kirovohrad, Mykolaiv, Poltava, Sumy, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytsky, Cherkasy, Chernihiv) has been established. In these oblasts, agricultural products worth UAH 525298.1 million are produced. (77.1% of the volume in Ukraine), is sold for export for USD 8181.0 million (40.3% of Ukraine’s agricultural exports). It is determined that in the leading district the area of agricultural lands is 27.2 million hectares, 82.7% of which are arable lands of fertile chernozem. The structure of production has changed towards crop production, the most profitable and export-oriented one. The rural population has shrunk to 7.1 million, reducing its labor potential. More than 77% of agricultural machinery is concentrated in the district, but this is on the background of its overall reduction by 3.5 times or even more (in 2019 compared with 1990). The main problems in land use are: high degree of plowing of agricultural lands (the highest in five oblasts reaches 81.5-88.1%), violation of the system of scientifically justified crop rotations, insignificant application of organic fertilizers (0.1-1.3 t/ha), which intensifies soil degradation processes. Investments in the leading agricultural district of 15 oblasts amount to UAH 45.3 billion, or 77.3% of the total volume in Ukraine, but their main part (65.4%) is own funds of enterprises and organizations and only 0.7% are the funds of foreign investors. The influence of farms’ categorical factors and the scale of commodity production on certain types of products is analyzed and a significant influence on the leadership of large agricultural associations (agricultural holdings) is revealed. The system of internal and external factors influencing the leadership of the regions is generalized in our study. The measures of the state agrarian policy should be intended to transition to production of products with high added value, optimization of land use system, improvement of investment climate, rendering of the state help to agrarian producers, development of infrastructure and system of logistics, information and legal support of agrarian export, introduction of innovative technologies in the field of decision making in farming.
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Kodirkhonov, B. M., J. R. Uljabaev, and Sh M. Kholdorov. "Organic agriculture in Uzbekistan: SWOT analysis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 979, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/979/1/012140.
Анотація:
Abstract Greening the economy is what most industrialized countries are striving for under the pressure of global and regional environmental restrictions, lack of natural resources, and a growing public movement for the protection of nature [1]. Greening processes have resulted in organic agriculture (OA) or "alternative" agriculture. In the era of the sustainable approach, organic farming seems the best prototype for sustainable agriculture. The market of organic products is significantly expanding year by year. Globally, 1.5 percent of farmland is organic, however there are countries where the share of organic farmland exceeds 10% (figure 1). According to FiBL and research firm Ecovia Intelligence, the global organic food market achieved 106.4 billion euros as of 2019 [2]. Uzbekistan, along with the whole world, recognizes the need for sustainable agriculture and development approach. Uzbekistan accepts organic agriculture as an environment-friendly sustainable production system with better access to the markets. Hence, this article aims to make a SWOT analysis of organic agriculture in Uzbekistan. The SWOT analysis concludes that the recent law for OA and GAP in the country is the principal strength and opportunity. While farmers' poor education is considered the most significant weakness, the country's lack of foreign direct investment in agriculture threatens more than anything else.
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LIAKHOVSKA, Olena. "Production of milk and dairy products in Ukraine: trends and prospects." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 4/1 (April 30, 2020): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.4(1).5.
Анотація:
The dairy industry is one of the important components of the food industry in Ukraine. Significant dynamic and structural changes in the procurement, processing and foreign trade of milk and dairy products have been observed in recent years. Further prospects for the development of the dairy industry are formed under the influence of a decrease in agricultural harvesting of milk, a decrease in the volume of deep processing of milk (production of butter and cheese), changes in foreign trade. It is important to study the current state of the dairy industry and identify trends in its further development. The tendencies of milk procurement by agricultural enterprises and households of Ukraine are investigated. Over the years milk production in agriculture has been dynamically diminishing, with a shift to entrepreneurial forms of dairy farming. It has been noted that the decrease in milk production volume in recent years has influenced the dynamics of industrial production of dairy products. In particular, in recent years the production of cheese and butter has decreased significantly, and milk production has been characterized by unstable trends. The general characteristics of Ukraine's foreign trade in milk and dairy products are presented. In recent years, the value of the export-to-import ratio has been positive for most dairy products. Over the last year (2018), exports of butter, condensed milk and cream, condensed milk and cream and whey prevailed in Ukraine. At the same time, they imported more cheese and butter, fermented or fermented milk and cream. The main part of the exported dairy products was export of butter and milk and cream condensed, imported mainly cheese. It is established that the main problem of the dairy industry today is the low level of milk production. Therefore, financial and investment processes should be stimulated to build farms and increase livestock production at enterprises to offset losses from reduced milk production by households. At the same time, it is necessary to encourage deep processing of milk, in particular the production of butter (main export product) and cheese (to avoid import dependence).
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Lazányi, János. "Trends in agriculture and food production." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 3, no. 1-2 (May 30, 2009): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2009/1-2/15.
Анотація:
Agricultural reform resulted a shift from collective farming to small-scale production in China. This reform also has resulted a strong increase in gross agricultural output, which coincides with a slower increase in labour productivity. At the beginning of the reforms, agriculture accounted for 70 percent of total employment in China and still employs more than 50%. As a result of these reforms, China has undergone impressive economic growth also in the agriculture; the country has become one of the world’s top exporters and is attracting record amounts of foreign investment. The government has also stepped up investments in rural areas to meet the market demand for agricultural products. Results are very competitive compared to Central and Eastern European countries, where agriculture accounted for only 15 percent of total employment, but agricultural reform resulted a strong decline in gross agricultural output, which coincides with a similarly strong decline in employment. When approaching the issue of sustainable agriculture, we have to take into consideration, which China and India feed the largest populations in the world and both countries have had its own agricultural successes in the past 50 years. China has used land far more efficiently than many developed countries. With nine percent of the world’s arable land, China is responsible for the greatest share of agricultural production worldwide. Volume of produced pork, eggs, wheat, cotton, tobacco, and rice has increased and China exports an increasing amount of product each year. China has opened his borders, but do not expose food consumers to price shocks and producers to risks and disincentives. In this paper, the land-tenure system and the trends of agricultural developments are analysed in China and selected countries of EU.
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Perehuda, Yuliia. "Assessment of the competitiveness of manufacturing products of snail and fish farms through the prism of import and export indicators." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 8, no. 3 (August 30, 2023): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2023-3-18.
Анотація:
Assessment of competitiveness in the formation of demand for products of snail and fish farms forms information for making strategic decisions. It helps owners and managers of snail and fish farms to find their positions in the agricultural market, identify strengths and weaknesses, and make informed choices regarding production strategies, allocation of resources in the livestock industry, and orientation to sales markets. It has been proven that this analysis contributes to the achievement of set goals, the formation of business plans, and the implementation of strategies to increase the level of competitiveness indicators. By identifying areas where efficiency can be improved, such as feed conversion, fish hatchery management, and broodstock management, an informed decision on resource allocation and investment can be made for the farm. Such optimization reduces costs and increases productivity and the overall efficiency of a snail or fish farm. It was concluded that increasing the viability and achieving a positive level for the indicators of the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and agricultural producers is again defined as one of the strategic goals of the EU SAP in the new program period of 2021-2027. The assessment of the competitiveness of farms in the production of livestock products is the basis for optimizing resources, positioning the economic entity on the agricultural market, managing risks, implementing technologies, complying with policies, and industry benchmarking. The study was conducted to clarify understanding of the competitiveness of snail or fish farms, how to assess competitiveness in agriculture, to determine the absolute and comparative competitiveness of different types of farms, including snail and fish farms, which factors are decisive for increasing competitiveness at the current stage of development. This provides grounds to increase their business efficiency, profitability, and sustainability, ensuring long-term success and competitiveness when entering domestic and foreign markets. Keywords: market, import, export, demand, supply, animal husbandry, snail farming, regulation, industry, competitiveness, snail, products, organic aquaculture, fish farming, fish, trade.
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Melikhov, V. V., L. N. Medvedeva, and M. V. Frolova. "An environmental imperative in the development of the national economy: increasing the potential of microalgae." South of Russia: ecology, development 15, no. 3 (October 19, 2020): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2020-3-117-131.
Анотація:
Aim. To study the methodological basis for increasing the potential of applications of microalgae in the national economy, as one of the environmental imperatives in the development of new natural resources for future generations.Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on the basis of content analysis of Russian and foreign scientific publications and materials obtained in the course of expeditions and experimental and sociological research. The clustercognitive approach and economic-mathematical modeling were used for a more complete exposition of the topic.Discussion. According to imperatives of the green economy, environmental technologies will become leading factors in the development of the world economy. The most important incentive for entrepreneurs in the environmental market will be growing the demand of consumers and of governments. Promising areas include the use of microalgae in the production of foods beneficial to human health, feed additives in animal husbandry, poultry farming and fish farming, substances for improving water quality in reservoirs and the clean-up of oil spills. The issue of increasing the potential of microalgae at the regional level on the basis of a cognitive cluster approach is most relevant. The procurement of live microalgae biomass in amounts necessary to thoroughly supply world and national markets remains challenging in both technological and technical terms. Economic and mathematical models and sociological research, as well as the opinions of experts, allow us to justify business decisions in opening microalgae production facilities. Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis present promising prospects for entrepreneurial investment due to the high value of their metabolites.Conclusion. The increase in production and applications of microalgae is of major strategic potential in the development of the national economy, as the manufacture of bio-products and immune-stimulating drugs increases every year in response to climate change, pandemics, environmental pollution, food shortages and difficulties in accessing clean water. It is necessary to adopt legislative and regulatory instruments and organizational measures aimed at stimulating the investment of funding entities and entrepreneurs in the production of microalgae products in various sectors of the economy. International collaborations, industrial enterprises and space agencies (e.g. Roscosmos and NASA) are actively conducting research into the use of microalgae for the processing of organic waste in human living facilities in space as a source of both oxygen and food. The issue of creating clusters and applying mechanisms of public-private partnership aimed at increasing the profitability of bio-product manufacture from microalgae in various industries and sectors of the economy at the macro-and meso-level remains relevant.
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Vorona, N., and B. Iegorov. "FISH FARMING IS A PROMISING BRANCH OF ENSURING FOOD SECURITY OF THE EARTH'S POPULATION." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 23, no. 2 (January 3, 2024): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v23i2.2712.
Анотація:
Based on marketing research, it has been proven that aquaculture is one of the fastest growing branches of food production in the world. The main method of increasing fish productivity in ponds is fish feeding, which is an objective reality with high intensification of fish farming. With the intensification of production processes, the role of feeding is constantly increasing, and the cost of feeding in the cost price of fish is about 40% and has an upward trend. In this connection, the problem of rational feed use becomes extremely important. It is justified that the use of high-quality feed and feed additives in the diet of fattening animals significantly increases the productivity and profitability of the operation of livestock, poultry, and fish farms. 160 factories are engaged in the compound feeds production in Ukraine, the production capacity of which is 7.5 million tons per year. The specified indicator should be realistically increased to 15 million tons of finished products per year. It is established that we will need to produce 60 percent more food by 2050 to feed the world's 9.3 billion people according to estimates compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Therefore, animal protein production is expected to increase with this increase. According to IFIF estimates, the world production of compound feeds has reached more than 1 billion tons per year. Top 10 countries in world compound feed production in 2021–2022 are presented (according to Alltech Agri-Food Outlook 2023). The structure of compound feeds production by types of agricultural animals and poultry in the world in 2022 is summarized. It is proved that the production of fish compound feeds continues to grow in all the world regions. In the world (as well as in Ukraine), fishing and aquaculture play and will play a significant role in the coming centuries in ensuring the food security of the global population. It is necessary to make changes in policy, management, stimulate innovation and investment to the industry to ensure the food security of the planet through fisheries and aquaculture. It is established that the world volume of aquatic bioresources production is constantly growing and in 2022 reached the value of 176 million t/year. More than 150 million tons of aquatic biological resources were used for human consumption. In the conditions of the formation of market relations, against the background of significant costs for feed, feeding fish should be based on careful calculations, the logical conclusion of which should be economic expediency. On the basis of the marketing research of the situation on the market of feed supplements, a shortage of protein vitamin supplements and complete feeds for domestically produced fish was revealed. The restraining factors for the use of foreign supplements are their cost and interruptions in supply.
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Zyukin, Danil Alekseevich, Olga Nikolaevna Pronskaya, Olga Viktorovna Svyatova, Artem Alekseevich Golovin, Olga Viktorovna Pshenichnikova, and Olga Vyacheslavovna Petrushina. "Directions and prospects for expanding the export of russian wheat." Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 12, no. 32 (January 29, 2021): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.32.07.
Анотація:
The grain economy of Russia has now reached a new high level of development, providing ample opportunities for the expansion of Russian grain to the world market. The research reveals the following main threats to further strengthening the position of Russian wheat in the world market: instability of yields and inappropriate production and logistics infrastructure, which determines overestimated transaction costs and low flexibility of supply. The article analyzes the structure of importers of Russian wheat to characterize the instability of the world wheat market and high competition on it. The aim of the research is to form key directions for ensuring the sustainability and efficiency of wheat exports. The development of the grain product subcomplex of the Russian agro-industrial complex is presented by the authors from the position of priority in ensuring the food security of the population by fully meeting the needs of the domestic market, while exports are assigned the role of an instrument for regulating the grain market. Increasing wheat exports is not a priority for the development of grain farming; however, under the current conditions, this is the main incentive for increasing grain production and a way of obtaining foreign exchange income for agrarians. In this regard, it seems necessary to increase the regulatory role of the state in managing the country's grain balance and intensify investment processes in the industry through improving the country's fiscal and monetary policy in relation to the agricultural sector.
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Shupyk, S. "Complex systems of management of marketing activity of meat farming enterprises." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2 (143) (December 27, 2018): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2018-143-2-67-77.
Анотація:
The components of marketing management are systematized and definitions of th econcept of marketing management in the Ukrainian and foreign scientific literature are generalized. The components of marketing management at three levels of the organization a structure represented. The components of the marketing management process are presented: the mission of the enter prise; establishment of marketing objectives; collection, analysis and processing ofi nformation for the purpose of analyzing market opportunities (4C: company, context, client, competitors); identification of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats enterprise; development of marketing strategy; realization of marketing strategy; periodic monitoring of marketing efforts and making necessary changes; development of strategic marketing programs for specific situations, assessment of marketing performance and staff motivation. Most marketing professionals consider managing a marketing process at three levels of organizational structure: on a corporate, business unit and functional and core activities –analysis, planning, implementation, and control. The process of marketing management is to implement functions, each of which is a set of analytical and appraisal tasks and strategic, tactical planning. When introducing marketing in to the enterprise management system, it is necessary to ensure the creation of marketing services with such functions as, studying markets, determining the market capacity, identifying buyers requirements for the product, ensuring product competitiveness, organizing product promotion on the market, for ming supply chain for high value added products, the processing of by-products and waste products. In order to ensure the high performance of the marketing unit at the enterprise it is expedient to form close relationships with other management departments and orient the management system to meet the needs of consumers in quality, price and other consumer properties. Features of the environment of functioning of domestic producers of poultry meat characterized by a high level of monopolization, increased uncertainty as factors of the internal and external environment of the supply chain, stable dynamics of growth in production volumes are considered. This situation is conditioned by the peculiarity of meat poultry farming, where the peculiarity of the technological process determines the rapid return on invested capital and the high investment attractiveness of the industry, which resulted in the construction of innovative poultry farms, mostly of a vertically integrated type. It was established that the basis for the creation of specialized divisions in the field of marketing were sales and supply departments, which in previous years functioned at these enter prises and performed a wide range of functions, including analytical ones. The basic requirements, which are presented to the structure of management of marketing activity are systematized: flexibility, efficiency, optimality, efficiency, reliability, stability. The structure of management of marketing activities of thee nterpriseis, in the most general form, the subordination of managerial links between objects and management entities, which characterizes the information communications of units that have hierarchical subordination and are endowed with certa in rights and responsibilities. In order to improve the management process of marketing activities of meat poultry enterprises, the flexible orientation of the final results of their activities to the requirements of consumers, approaches to assess the effectiveness of marketing activities areproposed. Effectiveness of the management process of the enterprise should be conducted on the basis of assessment of the factors of market orientation of the highest level of management of the enterprise, market orientation of staff, the establishment of interaction between staff and senior management, the level of openness of the external environment of the management system.The main factors restraining the management of the company in full implementation of the principles of the modern marketing concept are systematized, namely: a narrow unde rstanding of the essence of marketing, monopolization of the market, the lack of qualified specialists in the field of marketing, lack of financing of marketing activities. Key words: marketing management, marketing activity management system, marketing structure, meat poultry enterprises.
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Nebrat, Victoria. "Post-war economic recovery policy: experience of the Republic of Korea." Economy and forecasting 2022, no. 4 (January 25, 2023): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2022.04.035.
Анотація:
The development of a strategy for post-war recovery of Ukraine's economy determines the advisability and importance of taking into account international experience. An urgent task is to assess the possibility to implement those economic policy tools that have proven their practical effectiveness. At the same time, it is necessary to define the reservations and risks associated with the implementation of certain aspects in the recovery policy. The purpose of the article is to identify institutional factors and economic mechanisms that provided the successful post-war recovery and development of the Republic of Korea in the 1960s and 1970s. Revealing the positive experience of the restructuring involves the account of historical conditions, and the role of foreign aid and internal sources of economic growth. The author has used the methods of comparative and problem-logical analysis, the institutional-evolutionary approach, the principle of integrability as a basis for the synthesis of empirical and theoretical knowledge, and the methodological approach of F. List regarding the historical conditioning of forms of economic nationalism. It is established that after the end of the Korean War, in 1953–1960, domestic policy and foreign aid were focused on solving the primary tasks of overcoming devastation and hunger. The author considers the forms of interaction between the state, the business environment and foreign aid in ensuring the recovery and development of the economy of the Republic of Korea in the 1960s and 1970s. Contrary to the recommendations aimed at liberalizing the economy with a focus on the development of traditional industries, the government of Park Chung-hee gradually implemented a national strategy aimed at industrialization and achieving global competitiveness on high-tech markets. This was facilitated by the introduction of the national planning system, the financial strategy of public-private partnership, and the support for export-oriented industrial production. The agrarian reform, focused on the development of highly productive family farming, contributed to the consolidation of food self-sufficiency and expansion of the domestic market. The strict policy of the redistribution of donor funds by the state provided a so-called export discipline for big business, thanks to which the national corporations - chaebols - became the drivers of investment and innovation based modernization of the economy. The author defines the main components of the Republic of Korea's success in realizing the national interests of economic development under the conditions of foreign aid in post-war reconstruction. An assessment is made of the possibility and expediency of using South Korean experience in Ukraine.
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Nebrat, Victoria. "Post-war economic recovery policy: experience of the Republic of Korea." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2022, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2022.04.043.
Анотація:
The development of a strategy for post-war recovery of Ukraine's economy determines the advisability and importance of taking into account international experience. An urgent task is to assess the possibility to implement those economic policy tools that have proven their practical effectiveness. At the same time, it is necessary to define the reservations and risks associated with the implementation of certain aspects in the recovery policy. The purpose of the article is to identify institutional factors and economic mechanisms that provided the successful post-war recovery and development of the Republic of Korea in the 1960s and 1970s. Revealing the positive experience of the restructuring involves the account of historical conditions, and the role of foreign aid and internal sources of economic growth. The author has used the methods of comparative and problem-logical analysis, the institutional-evolutionary approach, the principle of integrability as a basis for the synthesis of empirical and theoretical knowledge, and the methodological approach of F. List regarding the historical conditioning of forms of economic nationalism. It is established that after the end of the Korean War, in 1953–1960, domestic policy and foreign aid were focused on solving the primary tasks of overcoming devastation and hunger. The author considers the forms of interaction between the state, the business environment and foreign aid in ensuring the recovery and development of the economy of the Republic of Korea in the 1960s and 1970s. Contrary to the recommendations aimed at liberalizing the economy with a focus on the development of traditional industries, the government of Park Chung-hee gradually implemented a national strategy aimed at industrialization and achieving global competitiveness on high-tech markets. This was facilitated by the introduction of the national planning system, the financial strategy of public-private partnership, and the support for export-oriented industrial production. The agrarian reform, focused on the development of highly productive family farming, contributed to the consolidation of food self-sufficiency and expansion of the domestic market. The strict policy of the redistribution of donor funds by the state provided a so-called export discipline for big business, thanks to which the national corporations - chaebols - became the drivers of investment and innovation based modernization of the economy. The author defines the main components of the Republic of Korea's success in realizing the national interests of economic development under the conditions of foreign aid in post-war reconstruction. An assessment is made of the possibility and expediency of using South Korean experience in Ukraine.
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AMONS, Sergey. "FARM HOUSEHOLDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY SECTOR." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 5 (45) (May 2019): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-5-2.
Анотація:
Farms (individual and family) are an important component of the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy and an effective mechanism that contributes to increasing employment and income growth in rural areas, attracting investment resources in agricultural production. In recent years, there has been a downward trend in the number of farms in Ukraine. The main reason for this situation is the absence of potential start-up capital from the potential agrarian farmers, on the basis of which efficient agrarian production could be built. There are also a number of restraining factors in the development of agriculture in our country, including the imperfection of the legislative framework in the areas of the permit system and licensing, the limited participation in government procurement, the lack of an effective system of training for entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector, etc. Research by domestic and foreign scientists shows that one of the strengths of farms is their resilience. They all operate under conditions of risk and uncertainty that are specific to the agricultural sector, but retain their structure, functions and identity. At present, they have many socio-economic problems and one of them is the organization of competitive production. In conditions of fierce competition, farms can operate successfully, especially if competitive products are produced. Among the basic problems of functioning of farms that require a decision in the legal field, scientists distinguish: imperfection of mechanism of the long-term crediting and taxation of farms; insufficiency of sizes of the landed parcels of land for the conduct of effective menage, absence of projects of organization of the use of land in relation to the еколого-економічного ground of crop rotations and organization of lands; plenty of documents necessary for the receipt of state help. Farming as a form of farming in the countryside is important not only for agriculture, but in general for all areas of material production. Therefore, the development of farming should be explored in the context of the changes taking place in the spheres of public relations. It should be noted that the characteristic features of farms are mainly small sizes, small in size initial capital and land areas, reliance on own funds, orientation on market conditions, focus on output, commercial calculation, risk, entrepreneurship. The revitalization of farming creates favorable conditions for the development of small rural businesses. In recent years, domestic farms have begun to play a significant role in meeting the needs of the internal market and shaping the export potential of agricultural products. Among the main problems that hinder the development of the agricultural movement in our country, it is necessary to note the low level of introduction of modern innovative technologies of agricultural production, which, in turn, is caused by limited financial support, lack of working capital to acquire the appropriate production resources for the new production cycle. Last years, in spite of all problems that are in our state, the amount of farmers in Ukraine grows little by little. On official statistics, by the state on beginning of 2018 for us about 45 thousand farms were counted, for the last year their amount increased on 2%. Certainly, it is a small height, but a general tendency talks that to be a farmer in Ukraine and to engage in an agribusiness becomes a fashionable tendency. Specific gravity of farming in the general amount of agricultural produce in Ukraine hesitated from 6,1 % to 8,7 %. For comparison in the USA the domestic farms of different types together make 99 % economies on the whole and 90 % productions in an agricultural sector. Farming has a high degree of adaptability to market signals, flexibly responds to market conditions through changes in production programs, specialization and diversification of economic activity, but not agriculture, but Ukrainian agricultural holdings provide the lion's share of Ukrainian agricultural exports. Therefore, as soon as possible creating favorable conditions for the functioning of farms in Ukraine is important both to overcome the decline of the village and to streamline the organizational structure of agriculture in accordance with European standards for market conditions through changes in production programs, specialization and diversification of economic activity, but not agriculture, and Ukrainian agricultural holdings provide the lion's share of Ukrainian agricultural exports. Therefore, the earliest possible creation of favourable conditions for the functioning of farms in Ukraine is important both for overcoming the decline of the village and for streamlining the organizational structure of agriculture in accordance with European standards. The conducted research shows that the main problems of state support for farms in Ukraine are low level of awareness of farms about the possibilities of obtaining state support; complex procedural mechanism for obtaining state support; lack of clarity on the timing of state aid; manual allocation mechanism; - insufficient funding for government programs. We believe that a dialogue should be established between the state and FG: a state strategy for the development of the agrarian sector should be clear to producers and communicated through profile associations, sectoral organizations, the agricultural advisory system, while farmers' problems should be a priority for the state. In order to increase the competitiveness of farms, investment activities should cover the introduction of investments in the modernization of production. For the competitiveness of a farm, its technical re-equipment is necessary.
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Roiter, L. M., I. V. Vedenkina, and N. A. Eremeeva. "Analysis of the market potential of poultry meat and its forecast." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 022104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/2/022104.
Анотація:
Abstract The agri-food market is one of the strategic ones, since it ensures the food security of the country’s population. A significant aspect in the implementation of the new Doctrine of food security are products containing animal protein, including meat. Poultry farming has significant competitive advantages over other subsectors of animal husbandry in terms of investment attractiveness, purchasing opportunities for poultry meat and its processed products, dietary properties, and is also a product for all religious denominations. Analysis of the market potential of poultry meat in Russia in comparison with global trends showed the existence of unfilled niches both in the domestic and foreign markets. The main ones are the insufficient self-sufficiency of certain regions of the country with this product, the norms of poultry meat consumption in comparison with the leading countries, the low level of deep processing in most economic entities, the low share of meat from other types of poultry, almost absence of organic products on the market, and insignificant export volumes of poultry meat. Along with this, through a SWOT-analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of the industry, its threats and potential opportunities, as well as their combination, which is advisable to take into account when developing a strategy to improve the efficiency of the industry, have been identified. Taking into account the obtained results, a scheme for expanding the market potential of poultry meat is proposed, and its forecast for 2030 is given. The combination of these developments will allow the industry to increase the economic viability of its economic entities and expand the market potential of the target poultry meat market.
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GACIYUBWENGE, Egide, Philippe BURNY, and Pierre Claver BITAMA. "Adaptation Strategies Through Mining Compensation in Mabayi Commune, Burundi." Asian Social Science 20, no. 3 (May 15, 2024): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v20n3p23.
Анотація:
One of main effects of mining on rural agriculture is the loss of farmland by households living near mining sites. In return, these households should receive compensation. This compensation, if well invested, may lead to improved livelihoods for these farming households. If not, these households may find their livelihoods deteriorating if the compensation is not properly managed. This paper aims to analyze household compensation investment strategies in Mabayi commune (Burundi) and their effects on the livelihoods of households affected by mining activities. A survey of 140 households, interviews with key informants, and observations were conducted in July and August 2022 on Gahoma and Ruhororo hills where foreign company ‘‘Tanganyika Mining Burundi (TMB)’’ and local cooperative ‘‘Dukorere Hamwe Dusoze Ikivi (DHDI)’’ were carrying out their activities respectively since December 2018, in Mabayi commune. Results showed that 17 out of 20 households (85%) and 13 out of 17 households (76.5%) had invested their compensation well, in Gahoma and Ruhororo hills respectively. They had improved or maintained their overall quantity of agricultural production, and improved their livelihoods in general. On other hand, 3 households (15%) and 4 households (23.5%) had invested their compensation inappropriately, in Gahoma and Ruhororo respectively. They had suffered reduction in their overall quantity of agricultural production, and experienced deterioration of their livelihoods in general. Fair and up-front compensation for households, assistance in how to invest compensation, capacity-building in agriculture and alternative activities, should maximize opportunities for improved livelihoods. The mining company and cooperative must also comply with environmental regulations.
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KOVTUNENKO, Kseniia, Oleksandr KOVALENKO, Kateryna BONDARENKO, and Kateryna LYKHASHCHENKO. "Specifics of competition and development of competitiveness of hotel business enterprises in the international market." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 6/3 (June 30, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.6(3).1.
Анотація:
Introduction. Competition – the struggle of independent economic entities for limited economic resources. It is an economic process of interaction, interconnection and struggle between the speakers in the market enterprises in order to provide better sales opportunities for their products, meeting all the needs of customers. In the world market there is constant fierce competition from producers. Successful performance in foreign markets requires a significant increase in the competitiveness of domestic goods. The purpose of the paper is to improve the system of research of factors influencing the development of enterprise competitiveness, to define the concept of «competition in the international market», to consider the definition of competitive advantages in the hotel business and highlight their features, to substantiate the need for long-term study of competitiveness factors. Results. At import use of competition of foreign sellers allows to reach more favourable conditions of purchases. But the concept of competition is so ambiguous that it is not covered by any universal definition. This is a way of farming, and a way of capital existence, when one capital competes with another capital. In recent years, the hotel industry is characterized by an increase in supply while reducing demand for hotel services, which leads to significant competition in the market of hotel services. Competition in the market of hotel goods and services is based on the development of equipment and technology of hotel services, its organization, the feasibility of investment. According to foreign research today, the hotel industry has reached a high level of the international market with high growth and strong competition. The paper presents the results of studying the factors influencing the development of competitive advantages of the hotel business, highlights the key parameters that demonstrates the potential of identifying their competitiveness in the current economic situation. Conclusion. In the context of this paper, the results of studying the factors influencing the development of competitive advantages of hotel business enterprises were presented, the key parameters demonstrating the potential of identifying their competitiveness in the current economic situation were highlighted. Methods of improving the system of research of factors influencing the development of enterprise competitiveness were presented, the concept of «competition in the international market» was defined, the definition of competitive advantages of the enterprise in the hotel business was considered and their features were highlighted. Thus, competition is a business process of interaction, interconnection and confrontation between enterprises in the market in order to provide better sales opportunities, to meet all the needs of users. The advantages of competition are, on the one hand, the impact of production and market relations, and on the other – an increase in STP.
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Sirenko, K. Yu. "CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS OF THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY DURING MARITAL LAW IN UKRAINE." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Education. Social and Behavioural Sciences 1, no. 9 (April 27, 2023): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjeducation.2023.01.216.
Анотація:
The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the main problems of the agricultural sector during martial law in Ukraine. The war has extremely complicated the functioning of agricultural production due to the breakdown of logistics chains, destruction of infrastructure facilities, environmental disasters at corporate livestock farms, blocking of sales markets, and rising prices for agricultural fertilizers. Agriculture holdings monopolize state support for the entire agricultural sector, making it extremely difficult to develop family farming, and in the future it may become impossible. To achieve this goal, the article uses the methods of generalization, scientific abstraction, systemic and economic analysis. The article proves that international support for the reconstruction of Ukraine is extremely necessary today, which should be based on private investment involving the latest technologies, expanding trade and economic cooperation, strengthening European integration processes, and implementing new projects in Ukraine, in particular, related to production. Strategic directions for the development of the agricultural sector have been proposed, namely the expansion of affordable lending; increasing the amount of resources provided by our foreign partners; launching additional leasing programs for agricultural machinery that is not produced in Ukraine or whose production was made impossible due to the destruction or damage to production facilities; continuing the implementation of the FAO project to provide farmers with seeds, involving partner countries in the seed supply program on a bilateral basis (following the example of France); ensuring that the needs of farmers for plant protection products are met; building terminals for agricultural products near the state border of Ukraine with the EU, expanding the capacity of road and rail infrastructure. Key words: agricultural sector, state support, financing, agricultural production, international support.
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Nebrat, Viktoriia, Karolina Gorditsa, and Nazar Gorin. "Structural and financial risks of land capitalization: lessons of domestic history." Economy and forecasting 2020, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.03.063.
Анотація:
The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between expected results and real institutional, structural, and financial consequences of agrarian reforms aimed at the capitalization of land. The purpose of the publication is to summarize the positive and negative experience of the peasant reform of 1861 on changes in the relations of ownership and land use in the budgetary and financial sphere and foreign economic activity. Research is based on the history-institutional methodology using tools of economic comparability, retrospective analysis, and historical reconstruction. It is defined that the opening of the land market and the creation of a system of mortgage land loans allowed to increase the share of private land ownership of peasants, but did not turn them into effective owners and did not solve the problem of peasant land. Rising land prices contributed to the development of land speculation and increased rents, encouraging the farmers to predatory land use and depletion of soils without increasing productivity. The capitalization of land and the expansion of the hired labor market contributed to economic growth, increased government revenues and expenditures, and overcame the chronic state budget deficit. At the same time, the credit indebtedness of peasants grew, while ransom payments depleted peasant farms, reducing the potential for capital formation and investment. The public policy of forcing grain exports and supporting large agribusiness allowed to replenish the gold reserves of the treasury, but also led to the impoverishment of farmers, reduced quality of the exported grain, increased share of fodder crops, and lower share of food crops and finished goods. Intensified international competition to expand the supply of cheap grain led to lower prices, weaker competitive position of domestic exporters, and the growing dependence of the economy on world markets for agricultural products, and the local agrarian business - on foreign capital. The article provides recommendations to the government about taking into account the historical experience in the implementation of modern agrarian transformations, in particular, comprehensive support for farming as the main link of agricultural production and the guarantor of food security of the country. Their implementation will help prevent the risks of over-concentration of land, the proletarianization of the peasantry and its mass migration to cities and abroad, growing environmental problems, and vulnerability of the economy due to increasing dependence on the world markets for agricultural raw materials.