Статті в журналах: "Force of fixing"

1

Lu, Longsheng, Zhaorui Hou, Feixiang Zhang, Yingxi Xie, and Yong Tang. "Fracture analysis of a single polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber in rigid-fixing and flexible-fixing chopping processes." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 12 (June 24, 2016): 1435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516654107.

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Chopping is an efficient way to produce short carbon fiber (CF). Generally, there are two types of fixing constraints available in the chopping process: rigid-fixing and flexible-fixing. Simplified experiments were performed using glass and rubber as the fixing constraints in cutting a single polyacrylonitrile-based CF to reveal the influence of the fixing constraints in CF chopping. The cutting forces and the bending angles with different fixing constraints were analyzed. Furthermore, the failure surface of the CF was observed. Due to an additional bending effect in the flexible-fixing cutting, the failure surface of the CF was rough, and the cutting-off force was approximately 5% of the force in rigid-fixing cutting. Therefore, flexible-fixing cutting is a suitable way to decrease the cutting-off force in CF chopping. Moreover, it was concluded that the fiber fracture in rigid-fixing cutting is caused by compression, whereas in flexible-fixing cutting, it results from bending. We hope our work is beneficial to the design of the chopping procedure for short CF.

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2

Mikkola, Mari. "Fixing pornography’s illocutionary force: Which context matters?" Philosophical Studies 177, no. 10 (December 24, 2019): 3013–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-019-01357-2.

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AbstractRae Langton famously argues that pornographic speech illocutionarily subordinates and silences women. Making good this view hinges on identifying the context relevant for fixing such force. To do so, a parallel is typically drawn between pornographic recordings and multipurpose signs involved in delayed communication, but the parallel generates a dispute about the right illocutionary force-fixing context. Jennifer Saul and myself argue that if pornographic speech is akin to multipurpose signs, its illocutionary force is fixed by the actual decoding context: of using/viewing pornographic recordings. By contrast, Claudia Bianchi argues that the relevant context is intended/expected decoding. Here I take issue with Bianchi’s view. Her intentionalist account faces two serious objections. First, the collapse objection: Bianchi’s intentionalist view is so formulated that it collapses into that endorsed by Saul and me. This undermines Bianchi’s case against us. Second, the dissonance objection: looking at a different aspect of Bianchi’s view, and one that does depart from the positions of Saul and myself, shows that her analysis is too intentionalist and cannot be used to elucidate pornography’s illocutionary force. Bianchi’s view should hence be rejected. This nevertheless leaves open further theoretical avenues of research, which I briefly discuss at the end of the paper.

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3

Mori, Kunio, Akira Watanabe, and Minoru Saito. "Fixing between Metals and NBR Vulcanizates and Its Prevention." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 62, no. 2 (May 1, 1989): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536240.

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Abstract When metals and NBR vulcanizates are put into contact an adhesive force is generated between them. The phenomenon is called fixing, and the adhesive force generated is defined as the fixing strength. The fixing strength is divided into an initial fixing at 30 min after loading and an after-fixing which thereafter occurs successively. The former fixing strength is exhibited by the physical adsorption forces of the NBR segments to the metal surfaces. The latter are based on the formation of first-order bonds which are brought about by the chemical reactions between the metals and NBR vulcanizates. These fixing strengths were influenced by the environmental factors such as testing time, temperature, and humidity; by the surface factors such as the surface roughness of the metals and NBR vulcanizates, the hardness of the NBR vulcanizates, and the surface conditions; and by material factors such as the kinds of metals and rubbers, the fillers, and other ingredients in vulcanizates. From the above results, the fixing phenomenon is explained as follows. At first, the segment molecules of the NBR vulcanizates diffuse to the metal surfaces and then the nitrile groups in the NBR vulcanizates are adsorbed on the surfaces of the metals. At this time, secondary-order bond forces are generated between the two materials. Succeedingly, the chemical reactions occur at the contact parts between the two materials and then are combined by first-order bonds. As a result, a high fixing strength, as cohesive failure, is generated. The fixing mechanism leads to the four indicators of fixing prevention: (1) the control of the contact areas, (2) the suppression of molecular motion of the NBR segments, (3) the inhibition of interfacial reactions, and (4) the introduction of inactive crosslinks and side chains. In this paper, the surface curing of the NBR vulcanizates, which leads to the suppression of molecular motion of NBR segments, and the blooming method which leads to the inhibition of interfacial reactions, were investigated. The former method is not always effective for preventing the fixing because it is difficult to produce the NBR vulcanizates with less fixing properties under ordinary industrial conditions. However, stearamide and methylene bis-erucamide are very effective blooming agents to prevent fixing, because they provide barrier films onto the surfaces of NBR vulcanizates.

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4

Puglisi, Jose L., Leighton Izu, Ye Chen-Izu, and Donald M. Bers. "Feed Forward Modeling. Fixing the Force Frequency Relationship." Biophysical Journal 102, no. 3 (January 2012): 552a—553a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.3013.

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5

Hartrumpf, Martin, Josephine Sterner, Filip Schroeter, Ralf-Uwe Kuehnel, Magdalena L. Laux, Christian Braun, and Johannes M. Albes. "Tourniquet fixing prior to knot tying reduces forces during aortic valve replacement: experimental results from 18 surgeons." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 31, no. 4 (August 18, 2020): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivaa135.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES To increase the safety of aortic valve replacement, we developed the ‘Caput medusae’ method, where the prosthesis is prefixed with circumferential tourniquets prior to knot tying. We assumed that an even distribution of forces may help reduce tissue damage. To confirm this theoretically, we compared forces between knots and tourniquets. METHODS The experimental set-up included a device with movable acrylic plates, a mounted valve and a set of sutures. Traction forces were measured with a luggage scale. Two different tourniquets were compared individually and as bundles of 15. Force–path curves were generated. Knotting and tourniquet forces of 18 staff surgeons were then compared. Both modalities were measured 10 times on 2 days, resulting in 40 observations per surgeon, or 360 observations per modality. RESULTS Polyvinyl chloride tourniquets were stiffer than silicone, expressed by a 1.5- to 1.7-fold higher regression-line slope. Fifteen simultaneous tubes produced force increments 7.9–8.9 times higher than their single counterparts. Overall knotting force was 13.64 ± 5.76 vs tourniquet 1.08 ± 0.48 N. Male surgeons’ knotting forces were higher compared to female staff (14.76 ± 6.01 vs 10.73 ± 3.74 N; P < 0.001) while tourniquet forces did not differ (1.09 ± 0.47 vs 1.05 ± 0.49 N; P = 0.459). Dedicated valve surgeons (n = 10) tightened the tourniquets more strongly than inexperienced surgeons (1.20 ± 0.52 vs 0.94 ± 0.37 N; P < 0.001); knotting was similar. Multivariable analysis confirmed only valve experience as a predictor of tourniquet strength (experienced surgeons exerted higher force). CONCLUSIONS Tourniquets exert less force on the tissue than knots. When distributed over the circumference, they can reduce local tension and avoid potential paravalvular leakage. Complete or partial use of tourniquets may thus be an additional option to enhance surgical safety.

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6

Liu, Yu Mei, Zhao Liang Jiang, Wen Ping Liu, and Zhi Li. "Rebound Deformation of Thin Part Caused by Clamping Force in End Milling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 1655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1655.

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Deformation mechanism of low-rigidity thin part caused by clamping force is studied in this paper. A coupled thermo-mechanical simulation process of aluminum alloy 6061 is developed using the finite element method with Abaqus. The results of simulation are verified by experimental measurements of cutting force and surface residual stress. Then using the model investigates the effect on residual stresses along the thickness of aluminum alloy 6061 load and unloadthe clamping forces. The deformation condition is also studied after removing fixing.

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7

Tanaka, H., Y. Kakinuma, T. Aoyama, and H. Anzai. "A study on fixing force generation mechanism of ER gel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 149 (February 1, 2009): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/149/1/012029.

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8

Nowalid, Wan Mohd Azlan, Muhammad Adib Shaharun, and Ahmad Razlan Yusoff. "Effect of Lubrication Conditions to the Cutting Force Coefficients in Machining Process." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.55.

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The cutting force is the main important factor contributing the machined work piece surface and in determining the acceptable cutting parameters for high productivity in metal cutting industries. The prediction of cutting force coefficients of materials were calculated from the average cutting force model contributing to the constants of cutting force coefficients. In this study, experimental investigation is conducted to determine the cutting force coefficients in the average cutting force model, by identifying cutting force coefficients with different lubrication conditions such as dry, flood and minimal lubrication conditions and cutting speeds. A series of slot milling experiments are measured the milling forces by fixing the spindle speeds and radial/axial depths of cutting and linearly varying the feed per tooth. Using linearly fitting the experimental data, the tangential and radial milling force coefficients are then computed. The achieved results showed that the changing of spindle speed and different lubrication conditions affecting the milling force coefficient.

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9

Kovalov, Viktor, Vitaliy Guzenko, Predrag Dašić, and Ivan Polupan. "Effectiveness Rising of Wheel-Pairs Renewal by Cup-Tip Cassette Tool." Applied Mechanics and Materials 806 (November 2015): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.806.94.

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The results of studies of the load effect on the cylindrical surface of the fixing holes of the insert on the durability and dynamic characteristics of the improved design of split cup-tip tool for wheelset processing are presented. It is approved that the radial force on the cylindrical surface of the fixing holes of the insert is of a significant effect on the stiffness characteristics of split cup-tip tool.

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10

Kiselev, V. L., and A. S. Pronin. "Topic of the issue: Determination of the processing error during face milling of flat surfaces." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2012-01.

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Using the finite element method and CAD SolidWorks Simulation, the relationship between the geometric parameters of workpieces and the error in processing flat surfaces of levers caused by elastic deformations of the workpiece due to the application of holding force is established. In this paper, we developed a method for determining the error of processing flat surfaces that occurs from fixing, compiled a model for determining the error by the finite element method, and calculated the error of processing flat surfaces that occurs from fixing for workpieces with different geometric parameters. As a result of the study, the relationship between the value of the center distance of workpieces and the error in processing flat surfaces of levers caused by elastic deformations of the workpiece due to the application of holding forces was determined.

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11

Yamada, Soichiro, Ryo Koike, Shintaro Arano, Yasuhiro Kakinuma, and Tojiro Aoyama. "Basic Study on Electro-Adhesive Surface Applying 3-Dimensional Micro Structures." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0048.

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Electro Adhesive Gel (EAG) has the unique characteristic of changing its surface adhesive property with the intensity of the electrical field applied. This property makes EAG useful in applications to fixing devices and mechanical brakes. Although its adhesion performance depends on the distribution of the electro-rheological particles in the EAG, it is difficult to arrange the particle distribution uniformly in a wide area from the perspective of production process. In this study, a novel functional elastomer that has the same function as EAG is developed, Electro Adhesive Surface (EAS). In EAS, micro photolithography is used to fabricate strut pyramids distributed uniformly on a substrate, and then silicone gel is poured into the structure. When an electrical field is applied, the silicone gel rises to the tops of the pyramids formed by the struts, and adhesion occurs to an object on EAS. To determine a micro structure design for EAS, the fixing force was measured with various struts diameter and gaps. Experimental result shows that the larger struts diameter and the narrower gaps enhance the fixing force of EAS.

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12

Doewes, Rumi Iqbal. "Match-fixing in football – the Indonesian experience and response." International Sports Studies 42, no. 3 (December 11, 2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/iss.42-e.07.

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Match fixing is an example of match manipulation which involves removing the uncertainty of the outcomes of a match. Match fixing usually has one of two purposes. First, it may be for the team to survive relegation or achieve promotion, or secondly for a betting outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the issue of match-fixing in the world of Indonesian football and the actions taken by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) to cope with this problem. The research method was qualitative and drew on data obtained from semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of informants. The study informants had experiences as former players, club managers, and member(s) of the PSSI disciplinary committee. The results highlight some of the known examples of match fixing in Indonesian football, their handling and the reasons behind them. To counter match fixing in Indonesian football, PSSI formed an Anti- Mafia Task Force and collaborated with Genius Sports an international technology company which monitors data on sporting events as a part of its global sports integrity programme.

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13

Nikitin, A. A. "Optimal boundary control of string vibrations by a force under elastic fixing." Differential Equations 47, no. 12 (December 2011): 1796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012266111120081.

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14

Li, Pan. "Kinetics Analysis of Instep Soccer Kick in Three Heights." Advanced Materials Research 1014 (July 2014): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1014.161.

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Using biomechanics theory to reveal the reaction force of ground of support leg in instep shot in different heights in soccer players. Twelve healthy male college students voluntarily participated in this study. After testing each participant by Kistler force plate and then analyze the collected data, the present study draws the following findings that (1) The reaction force of ground on support leg was independent of the ball velocity,(2) The principal function of support leg was in charge of fixing support, maintaining balance for optimal kicking ball of kicking leg.

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15

Yoshikawa, Tsuneo. "Passive and Active Closures by Constraining Mechanisms." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 121, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2802490.

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This paper provides a unified theoretical framework for analytical characterization of grasping and manipulation capability of robotic grippers and hands as well as fixing capability of fixtures and vises. The concept of passive closure and active closure for general constraining mechanisms consisting of fixed and/or articulated constraining limbs is introduced. These concepts are useful for explicitly distinguishing the two kinds of capabilities of the constraining mechanism: Passive closure represents the ability of fixing devices and active closure represents the ability of manipulating devices. Passive closure is further classified into passive form closure and passive force closure. Passive form closure is essentially the same as Reuleaux’s classical form closure and passive force closure is a substantial generalization of classical force closure to the case where articulated constraining limbs exist. Conditions for these closures to hold are studied. After a brief review of conditions for passive form closure, several conditions for passive force closure are given. One outcome is that, under the assumption that the contact points are frictionless and the active contact points are independent, for the existence of passive force closure there must be at least six (three) fixed contact points and one active contact point in the case of three-dimensional (two-dimensional, respectively) space. Finally, a necessary and sufficient condition for active closure is given for the case of frictional point contacts by constraining limbs with enough degrees-of-freedom. This condition consists of a general positioning condition of contact points and the existence condition of nonzero internal force. This condition has a quite natural physical interpretation.

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16

Uesugi, Kaoru, Fumiaki Shima, Ken Fukumoto, Ayami Hiura, Yoshinari Tsukamoto, Shigeru Miyagawa, Yoshiki Sawa, Takami Akagi, Mitsuru Akashi, and Keisuke Morishima. "Micro Vacuum Chuck and Tensile Test System for Bio-Mechanical Evaluation of 3D Tissue Constructed of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CM)." Micromachines 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2019): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070487.

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In this report, we propose a micro vacuum chuck (MVC) which can connect three-dimensional (3D) tissues to a tensile test system by vacuum pressure. Because the MVC fixes the 3D tissue by vacuum pressure generated on multiple vacuum holes, it is expected that the MVC can fix 3D tissue to the system easily and mitigate the damage which can happen by handling during fixing. In order to decide optimum conditions for the size of the vacuum holes and the vacuum pressure, various sized vacuum holes and vacuum pressures were applied to a normal human cardiac fibroblast 3D tissue. From the results, we confirmed that a square shape with 100 µm sides was better for fixing the 3D tissue. Then we mounted our developed MVCs on a specially developed tensile test system and measured the bio-mechanical property (beating force) of cardiac 3D tissue which was constructed of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CM); the 3D tissue had been assembled by the layer-by-layer (LbL) method. We measured the beating force of the cardiac 3D tissue and confirmed the measured force followed the Frank-Starling relationship. This indicates that the beating property of cardiac 3D tissue obtained by the LbL method was close to that of native cardiac tissue.

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17

Hoare, Peter. "Navigating Lancasters in WW II." Journal of Navigation 60, no. 2 (April 20, 2007): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463307004249.

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This paper describes the air navigation techniques and drills used by Lancasters of the Pathfinder Force of Royal Air Force Bomber Command in early 1945. A brief description is given of the equipment and fixing aids available to the navigator and the environment in which he worked. The paper is based on the author's personal experience and with reference to the log and chart of an operation in which he took part. A running commentary on the navigational aspects of the operation is also given.

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18

Naydenova, Korneliya. "The phenomenon of match-fixing in football." Strategies for Policy in Science and Education-Strategii na Obrazovatelnata i Nauchnata Politika 29, no. 4s (August 10, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/str2021-4s-6-foot.

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One aspect of the security of sport, which is rarely considered by the organizers of sports events, concerns the different manifestations of match-fixing. The match-fixing of the result of a sports event or any component of it contradicts the established norms and values of the sporting competition, drawn up at the end of the XIX century by Baron Pierre de Coubertin and known as Olympism. Today, match-fixing is one of the phenomena in modern sport. Advertising, publicity, profit largely regulate relations in professional sport, and in full force, this applies to football as the most popular sport in the world. If we look at what has been said so far through the prism of Bulgarian football, it is enough to look at the Bulgarian football championships, whose official sponsor is an online betting company at sporting events and the first football league is named after this company. This same company has sponsorship relations with more than 10 football clubs, and to them we can add the volleyball and basketball federations, as well as some of the brightest representatives of these federations. Noticing this trend of business entering the sport, we set out to explore the opinion of players and their coaches about the manifestation of the phenomenon of match-fixing in Bulgarian football. The results of the survey show the existence of match-fixing at both professional and amateur level and allow us to indicate some steps to prevent such non-sporting techniques from winning.

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19

Kim, H. M., J. W. Kim, and G. S. Kim. "Development of Multi-Axis Force/Moment Sensor for Stroke Patient's Hand Fixing System Control." Journal of Sensor Science and Technology 20, no. 5 (September 30, 2011): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5369/jsst.2011.20.5.351.

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20

IMADO, Keiji, Yuzo OHTA, Atuyoshi MIURA, Hiroomi MIYAGAWA, Tetsuya MIYAGAKI, and Manabu HATASAKO. "A Study of Fixing Force for a Work Utilized Vacuume in Ultrasonic Wire Bonders." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 66, no. 649 (2000): 3181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.66.3181.

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21

Hou, Shou Wu, and Ya Lan Wu. "Research on Modal Simulation and Experiment of a Radar Active Fixing-Board." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.304.

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As a major force-bearing structure of Active Phased Array Radar, the Active Fixing-boards vibration characteristics should be investigated in the engineering design stage and the prototype stage. In this paper, Finite Element Method (FEM) is used for modal simulation and the detailed modal experiment is used to analyze the modal parameters of the first 6 modes. The results show that the modal parameters calculated by FEM agree well with those by modal experiment.

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22

Stupishin, Leonid U., and Alexander G. Kolesnikov. "Reconstruction of Shallow Shells for Increase Bearing Capacities and Operating Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 3062–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.3062.

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Bearing capacities and operating characteristics cover of a building deteriorate since time. Reconstruction of shallow shells cover by increase of their thickness in the center or at the edge. Critical force and stress of shell are considered with the geometric nonlinearity consideration. Vertical static loading and various types of a fixing are investigated. The method allows to describe various forms of shells with defects.

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23

Klinger, Christie R., Jennifer A. Lau, and Katy D. Heath. "Ecological genomics of mutualism decline in nitrogen-fixing bacteria." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1826 (March 16, 2016): 20152563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2563.

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Anthropogenic changes can influence mutualism evolution; however, the genomic regions underpinning mutualism that are most affected by environmental change are generally unknown, even in well-studied model mutualisms like the interaction between legumes and their nitrogen (N)-fixing rhizobia. Such genomic information can shed light on the agents and targets of selection maintaining cooperation in nature. We recently demonstrated that N-fertilization has caused an evolutionary decline in mutualistic partner quality in the rhizobia that form symbiosis with clover. Here, population genomic analyses of N-fertilized versus control rhizobium populations indicate that evolutionary differentiation at a key symbiosis gene region on the symbiotic plasmid (pSym) contributes to partner quality decline. Moreover, patterns of genetic variation at selected loci were consistent with recent positive selection within N-fertilized environments, suggesting that N-rich environments might select for less beneficial rhizobia. By studying the molecular population genomics of a natural bacterial population within a long-term ecological field experiment, we find that: (i) the N environment is indeed a potent selective force mediating mutualism evolution in this symbiosis, (ii) natural variation in rhizobium partner quality is mediated in part by key symbiosis genes on the symbiotic plasmid, and (iii) differentiation at selected genes occurred in the context of otherwise recombining genomes, resembling eukaryotic models of adaptation.

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24

Bagi, István. "Effect of Different Parameters on the Stability of Femur Neck Fixing." Materials Science Forum 729 (November 2012): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.729.187.

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In our country the most prevalent procedure to treat displaced fractured neck of the femur is the method of double canulated femoral neck screw developed by Professor Jenő Manninger and coworkers. The aim while elaborating this method was to synthesize displaced fractured neck of the femur and to ensure the highest possible stability with the minimal operative strain. An essential condition of successful recovery is the enhancement of the stability of the fixation of fractures. However, at old age the layer of spongiosa becomes so porous that the threads of screws used for the treatment of the fracture of the neck of the femur virtually fulfil their fixing function only in the subchondral region less and less in the inner layer of the spongiosa. But, in the subchondral region, the outer layer of 4 to 5 mm remains relatively dense. To increase stability, we modified the traditionally shaped canulated screws, used for the neck of the femur to date, and developed duplex-threaded screws for the neck of the femur. One of the basic criteria of the success of the operation is the positioning of the screws related to anatomical landmarks and to each other. We examined both traditional and duplex screws with altered thread profile in several conditions applying finite element calculations. Normal pull-out force was applied in order to compare the results in case of both traditional and duplex screws. It showed that the duplex screw increase the pull-out force by 65 % compared to the traditional screws. In case of 5° positioning error we found that the power needed for pulling the screw out was decreased by at least 10-17 %, depending on the direction of the positioning error but it was less (6-9 %) in case of duplex screws. The loading capacity of the models with spongiosa bone matter differs from that of the subchondral bone layer models by at least 12-20 % depending, on the shape of the screw and the material law.

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Pham, Thanh Nam, Hyo Seong Choi, and Jong Bong Kim. "A Numerical Investigation into the Tensile Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars Test for Sheet Metals." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.464.

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Determination of theflow stress of materials at high strain rate is very important in automotive and military areas.The compressive flow stress at high strain rate can be obtained relativelyexactly by SHPB(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars) tests. However, it is difficult to determinethe flow stressexactlyin the tensile state by using the SHPB tests. The difficulty in the tensile SHPB tests is how to fix a specimen on two bars. So, the design of a specimen and holders is needed to obtain more accurate measurement of the flow stress. In this study, the accuracy of the tensile SHPB tests results was numerically investigated. Finite element analyses of the tensile SHPB were carried out for various cases of fixing bolt location and bolting force. From the analysis results, a design guide for the fixing structure was obtained and the causes of error were investigated.

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26

Li, Kuo. "Review of the Strain Modulation Methods Used in Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1284520.

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Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is inherently sensitive to temperature and strain. By modulating FBG’s strain, various FBG sensors have been developed, such as sensors with enhanced or reduced temperature sensitivity, strain/displacement sensors, inclinometers, accelerometers, pressure meters, and magnetic field meters. This paper reviews the strain modulation methods used in these FBG sensors and categorizes them according to whether the strain of an FBG is changed evenly. Then, those even-strain-change methods are subcategorized into (1) attaching/embedding an FBG throughout to a base and (2) fixing the two ends of an FBG and (2.1) changing the distance between the two ends or (2.2) bending the FBG by applying a transverse force at the middle of the FBG. This review shows that the methods of “fixing the two ends” are prominent because of the advantages of large tunability and frequency modulation.

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Shu, X., L. Yang, B. Wang, and S. Mei. "Design of Finished Yarn Conveying System on Direct Twist." Grand Altai Research & Education / Наука и образование Большого Алтая, no. 2(13) (December 7, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25712/astu.2410-485x.2020.02.007.

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n the traditional twisting process of industrial yarns, the yarn bobbins are transported manually, and long-term labor causes great physical damage to the operators. Therefore, the demand for automated production is very urgent.The conveying process of finished yarns after doffing is an essential part of the design of automated production lines. This article analyzes and designs the finished yarn conveying link, determines the structural design of the mechanism by studying the realization of the fixing device, completes the selection of key components and parameter analysis, and analyze the movement path of the conveyor belt and the force of the finished yarn clamping process.The finished yarn conveying system is mainly composed of two parts. The first half is the conveyor belt in the middle of the machine, and the second half is the fixing device at the rear of the car.

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28

Фролов, Евгений Андреевич, Виктор Васильевич Агарков, Станислав Георгиевич Ясько та Сергей Иванович Кравченко. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ МІЦНОСТІ КЛЕЙОВОГО З'ЄДНАННЯ НАПРЯМНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ УСПШ". Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, № 82 (19 грудня 2018): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2018.82.06.

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This work is devoted to experimental studies of the strength and accuracy characteristics of adhesive bonding guide elements with the basic elements of the stamp in the prefabricated universal readjusted stamps (PURS). The design of these stamps allows the installation of guide elements in the necessary from the technological and structural points of view, the points of the basic elements. A feature of this autonomous directional system is the method of its fixing, which determines the achievable accuracy and strength characteristics of the PURS. In contrast to the fixing of the guide elements on the press fit in special stamps in the studied structures of the stamps, a method of fixing and precise centring of the seating parts of the guide columns and bushings using glue materials based on epoxy resins was applied. This method of fixing significantly affects the accuracy of execution and installation of the guide block, since it plays a particularly important role in the system “press - guide block - cutting parts of the stamp”. Studies on the results of mathematical processing of experiments allowed us to determine the functional dependence of the strength of adhesive bonding based on epoxy resins of the guide column in the base plates of universal pre-adjustable re-dies. As variables, the force of extrusion was considered: the diameter and length of the nozzle portion of the guide elements in the base elements of the dies. Comparison of all the obtained results showed that the magnitude of the extrusion effort and the length of the nozzle portion at fixed diameter values are interconnected by such dependence that the function can be taken as proportional. The change in the force of extrusion with increasing diameter and fixed values of the length of the nozzle portion has a low intensity. It was established that the theoretical results on the definition of the functional dependence of the strength of adhesive bonding differ by no more than 5%, and the strength of adhesive bonding is 2.2 – 2.4 times higher than the press head of the guide columns and the accuracy of their installation in basic slabs.

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29

Copeland, Edmund J., Peter Millington, and Sergio Sevillano Muñoz. "Fifth forces and broken scale symmetries in the Jordan frame." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): 016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/02/016.

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Abstract We study the origin of fifth forces in scalar-tensor theories of gravity in the so-called Jordan frame, where the modifications to the gravitational sector are manifest. We focus on theories of Brans-Dicke type in which an additional scalar field is coupled directly to the Ricci scalar of General Relativity. We describe how the necessary diffeomorphism invariance of the modified gravitational sector leads to a modification of the usual gauge fixing term (for the harmonic gauge), as compared to Einstein gravity. This allows us to perform a consistent linearization of the gravitational sector in the weak-field limit, which gives rise to a kinetic mixing between the non-minimally coupled scalar field and the graviton. It is through this mixing that a fifth force can arise between matter fields. We are then able to compute the matrix elements for fifth-force exchanges directly in the Jordan frame, without the need to perform a conformal transformation to the so-called Einstein frame, wherein the gravitational sector is of Einstein-Hilbert form. We obtain results that are in agreement with the equivalent Einstein-frame calculations and illustrate, still in the Jordan frame, the pivotal role that sources of explicit scale symmetry breaking in the matter sector play in admitting fifth-force couplings.

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30

Mitsuya, T., K. Masuda, and Y. Hori. "Measurement of Temperature and Heat Flux Changes During the Fixing Process in Electrophotographic Machines." Journal of Engineering for Industry 118, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803636.

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Increasingly higher speeds of modern electrophotographic printing force examination of the problem of retaining sufficient fixing strength without deterioration of print quality. In the nip region between the two rollers where fixing occurs, the significant parameters are temperature, heat flux, and pressure changes. Their optimization is necessary to maintain both speed and print quality. Difficulty in analyzing the relationship among these parameters occurs because of the complexity of two-dimensional phenomena in a rotating field and the rapidity of changes. Experimental equipment to measure relative heat flux in the nip region during rapid temperature changes was designed. Two sensors are installed in the heat roller. An adiabatic piece is buried under sensor 1. Sensor 2, without an adiabatic piece, detects temperature. Sensor 1 is electrically heated and always at the same temperature as sensor 2. Heat flux changes are obtained by noting the electric power supplied to sensor 1. The equipment was fabricated and measurements were made. They indicate an intermittent two-dimensional heat flux. Because of this, temperature decreases rapidly before the entrance to the nip region. Estimates of two-dimensional effects are made and modified for a one-dimensional case. From them, the temperature field in the nip region for actual fixing conditions is calculated.

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31

Shin, Dong-Seok, Euy-Sik Jeon, and Young-Shin Kim. "Numerical Estimation of Bonding Force of EPDM Grommet Parts with Hollow Shaft Geometry." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 3169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093169.

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A grommet is a representative component that fixes the position of a cable. It is made from hyper-elastic materials (rubber), such as ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). The grommet and cable are conventionally fixed through bonding; however, this method has numerous disadvantages that can be improved through relevant research. To apply a fixing method using the elastic force of EPDM rubber, this paper presents an empirical equation for approximating the bonding force of EPDM grommet parts with a hollow shaft geometry. First, tensile tests and the inverse method were used to approximate the basic mechanical properties. The physical properties were derived through basic tests; furthermore, bonding force tests and the inverse method were used on a grommet with a hollow shaft structure. In addition, the Box–Behnken design of experiments was used to predict the amount of change in the bonding force according to the geometry variables. Finally, this study was validated by comparing the approximation results derived through the design of experiments with the analysis and bonding force test results.

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32

Cherepanov, Anatoliy. "CALCULATION OF THE DEFLECTION OF A PINCHED ROUND PLATE." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 1, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2021-1-1-209-210.

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A method for calculating the deflection of a round flat steel plate pinched along the edge, bearing an axisymmetric load, is considered. For practical calculations, dimensionless coeffi cients of deflection in the center and in the area of fixing a round flat plate pinched along the edge are applied, the stress coefficient and the accompanying function, which depends on the deflection of the plate and the pressure force on it, are taken into account

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33

Zheng, Min Li, Bin Jiang, Bin Hu Chen, and Yong Jun Sun. "Research on High Speed Face Milling Cutter Based on the Model of Stress Field." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.341.

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According to the characteristics of high speed face milling process, the models of the stress field for high speed face milling cutter with two sorts of structure are proposed and established. By means of the finite element analysis of the stress field for high speed face milling cutters, the law of influence of the cutter’s structure, the cutter’s subassemblies and the fixing rake of inserts on the stress field of cutter is acquired under the action of high rotate speed. In this foundation, the model reconstruction and the stress field analysis of the cutter are completed, and the model of evaluation for dynamic cutting performance of high speed face milling cutter is established. The results of high speed face milling experiment and frequency spectrum analysis of dynamic cutting force of the cutter indicate that high speed face milling cutter with the fixing rake of zero degree and less subassemblies takes on better dynamic high speed cutting performance.

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34

Dubois, Guillaume, Anne Sophie Bonnet, and Paul Lipiński. "Experimental Study of Mandibular and Malar Distraction Osteogenesis Using Deos Device." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.165.

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Distraction Osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical technique used to reconstruct bone defects. In the maxillofacial specialty, it account for one of the best procedures to treat severe traumas as ballistic wounds. The evolution of forces acting during DO is known to be strongly linked with the clinical issue of the treatment. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the time-dependent forces supported by a distraction device (DEOS, OBL, France), particularly indicated for severe traumas. Bone transport forces were evaluated for two patients undergoing respectively mandibular and malar DO following a gunshot wound. In order to evaluate the distraction forces, some fixing pins of the distraction device were equipped with strain gauges. Strain values were recorded by means of a data acquisition system (SCXI, National Instruments, USA) connected to a PC computer and executing a LabView program (National Instruments, USA). Records started about one minute before the DO activation and ended about one hour later. Eighteen measurements were done for both cases during the early phases of the treatment. An equilibrium analysis was achieved in order to determine the force and moment acting in bone regenerate from strains in the pins. This procedure was coded through a Fortran program, allowing to plot the evolution of DO force and moment. The present work confirmed the time-dependent feature of the bone regenerate mechanical behaviour. Important data have been obtained concerning forces and their evolution for both mandibular and malar DO.

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35

LESTER, SIMON, INU MANAK, and ANDREJ ARPAS. "Access to Trade Justice: Fixing NAFTA's Flawed State-to-State Dispute Settlement Process." World Trade Review 18, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474561800006x.

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AbstractWithout a properly functioning dispute process, the obligations in a trade agreement may not be worth much. As part of the NAFTA renegotiation, the NAFTA parties should try to fix certain flaws in the NAFTA Chapter 20 dispute settlement process that emerged a few years after NAFTA came into force. Chapter 20 was used regularly in its early years, but usage dropped considerably after panel selection was blocked in a case involving US restrictions on Mexican sugar. In this paper, we examine recent innovations on panel selection in the TPP, CETA, and JEEPA dispute provisions, and draw from those to develop principles that can guide revisions to the NAFTA Chapter 20 panel selection process.

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36

Shah, Vishant, Raju K. George, Jaita Sharma, and P. Muthukumar. "Existence and Uniqueness of Classical and Mild Solutions of Generalized Impulsive Evolution Equation." International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 19, no. 7-8 (December 19, 2018): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2018-0042.

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AbstractIn this article, the existence and uniqueness of generalized nonlinear impulsive evolution equation is derived. The proposed system is modeled with nonlinear perturbed force which changes after every impulse. The Banach contraction principle is applied to prove the existence and uniqueness of mild solution. The existence and uniqueness of classical solution is obtained by fixing the impulse and the conditions in which mild solution becomes classical solution also obtained. Finally an example is illustrated to the effectiveness of main results.

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37

Kozlovskii, V. E., E. V. Gorodnova, and S. S. Kolmogorova. "STRUCTURE SETTING ON COMPOSITE-BASED SOILS." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 22, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-1-164-170.

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The paper studies the interaction between the building construction and composite-based soil with a view to determine its elastic properties affecting the structure deformation and internal forces. The soil model is assumed to be elastic, according to the Winkler coefficient calculated from the Kolosov stress decay function. The Galerkin numerical method used in calculations utilizes basic functions corresponding to the type of fixing the discontinuous and continuous structures. Unknown coefficients in linear combinations of basic functions are obtained via linear algebra methods, solving the system of equations. The force functions of the structure are found by derivation of the deflection function. Geological parameters are accepted to be real and matching the construction conditions of a large industrial warehouse of agricultural designation in the Pskov region, Russia. The soil effect on the flexural strength, shearing forces, and bearing reaction is estimated under the discontinuous and continuous structures at the available geological soil parameters. The structure setting on composite-based soils under the operating load is predicted herein.

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38

Stephan, Andreas. "Price Fixing in Crisis: Implications of an Economic Downturn for Cartels and Enforcement." World Competition 35, Issue 3 (September 1, 2012): 511–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2012035.

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The rigorous enforcement of cartel laws during a downturn has the potential to speed up an economy's recovery by preventing artificial price hikes. Economic downturns can break up existing cartels, but empirically many collusive agreements are borne out of economic crisis. Recession may also distort normative perceptions of price fixing and force firms previously colluding tacitly, to form a hard core cartel. Despite the heightened danger of bankruptcy in troubled industries during the present crises, competition authorities generally appear to be standing strong. Greater use of criminal sanctions on the national level could counter the deterrence weakening effect of bankruptcy discounts. The likely effect of a downturn on private enforcement is mixed. This proposed contribution has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere.

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39

Zhang, Jian Zhuo, Kang Kang Li, Meng Gao, and Tian Zi Zhu. "Study on the Angle of Stationary Crescent for Radial Compensation of Inner Mesh Gear Pumps." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1438.

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Abstract：The working mechanism of the stationary crescent for radial compensation in the inner mesh gear pumps was studied in this paper. The force of the top and bottom stationary crescent in one hydraulic pressure changing cycle was analysed. The pressure distribution on the top and bottom stationary cressent in different positions and the hydraulic force at the x，y direction were determined.Under the condition of the force of the top and bottom stationary crescent is least and the two stationary crescents stay close to the tooth crest of internal gear and external gear to form radial seal，the angle of the end of the top stationary crescent in the high pressure area and the fixing angle of the seal stick was optimized. Experiment results show that the volumetric efficiency is 0.94 when the outlet pressure reach to 30Mpa, and the oil temperature is less than 55°C, there is no abrasion on the two sationary crescents and the tooth crest.

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40

Придальний Б.І. "MECHATRONIC CLAMPING MECHANISM WITH ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR FOR MACHINE SPINDLE UNITS." Перспективні технології та прилади, no. 18 (July 7, 2021): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36910/6775-2313-5352-2021-18-18.

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The design of the clamping mechanism for fixing workpieces and tools in the spindle assemblies of machines that is equipped with an additional subsystem to provide the possibility of programmable settings to the required clamping force is presented. The electronic unit and electromechanical energy converters provide the possibility of reconfiguration by reprogramming the clamping mechanism according to the different tasks comparatively easily. The obtained results help to expand the functionality of clamping mechanisms, and consequently the functionality of machine tools and their technological flexibility.

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41

Burdukovskyi, Ivan, Jun’ichi Kaneko, and Kenichiro Horio. "Configuration Method of Fixing System with 2-Dimensionally Low-Frequency Vibration for Drilling to Decrease Influence from Unintended Displacement of Workpiece." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 2 (March 5, 2015): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0161.

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Micro deep drilling of hard materials requires introducing of step feed in process that increases machining time. To decrease the machining time by increasing the step feed, we apply low-frequency vibration (∼10 μm, 150 – 250 Hz) to the drilling process by oscillating the workpiece. To cope with the low-frequency vibration-assisted drilling of a curved surface, we have developed a fixing system for 2-dimensional vibration. The Fixing System for 2-Dimensional Vibration (FS2DV) consists of horizontal, and vertical actuators plus spring systems with variable rigidities along the directions of the actuators. A thrust force of 6 – 10 N from the drilling process may induce an unintended displacement of the workpiece. If the rigidities of the horizontal and the vertical spring systems are not balanced, unintended displacement may create diameter error during the drilling process. In this study, a method is proposed for configuring of the FS2DV with balanced spring systems to minimize the effects of the unintended displacement on diameter error. Frequency response function analysis of the vertical and horizontal spring systems is done for successful use of the FS2DV during the low-frequency vibration-assisted 2-axis drilling. Based on this analysis, setting requirements for the FS2DV are proposed for a particular vibration frequency. The behavior of the resultant vibration is evaluated while force is loaded along the intended angle of the drilling process. As a result, the effects of unintended displacement at the FS2DVare decreased for use within the vibration frequency range of 150 – 250 Hz with the vibration amplitude of 10 μm. The system can be used properly with a thrust force of up to 10 N and any angle from 0 to 90° by selecting appropriate rigidities for the spring systems.

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42

Konovalov, Andrey M. "Review of Some Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation." State power and local self-government 3 (April 1, 2021): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2021-3-40-44.

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On March 14, 2020 , the Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation from 14.03.2020 N 1-FKZ (hereinafter — the law on the amendment), or rather its article 3, which provides for the entry into force of the amendments themselves to the Basic Law of the country, as well as several related issues, was officially published and entered into force. After only two days — March 16, 2020 was the Conclusion of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation (hereinafter — CC RF), "On compliance with the provisions of chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation pending its entry into force the provisions of the Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment of the Constitution" (hereinafter — the Conclusion). The proposed amendments affect a number of issues that are socially significant and therefore require detailed study, such as: fixing additional social guarantees for the population in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, setting the maximum number of presidential terms that a single person can hold, fixing requirements for persons applying for a number of positions, introducing a rule on the State Council, the possibility of checking the compliance of laws with the Constitution of the Russian Federation before they are signed by the President, etc. Even when the text of the original Bill was published, it caused quite a lively discussion not only in the society of professional lawyers, but also among those who do not have special knowledge in the field of law. Without trying to analyze in detail the entire text of the amendment Law (this would require writing a whole book) and without claiming absolute truth of the statements made, we will still try to consider its most interesting and controversial points, including relying on the Conclusion given by the constitutional court of the Russian Federation.

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43

Matsuura, Hiroshi, Tamio Tanikawa, Kazutaka Kondou, and Hiromitsu Takaba. "Fixing Atmospheric Nitrogen into Alcohol and Simultaneous Generation of Hydrogen on the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Tip." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 43, No. 5A (April 16, 2004): L620—L623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.43.l620.

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44

Wu, Long, A. M. Wang, P. H. Ren, and D. X. Li. "An improved technique of clamping method for keeping coaxiality precision of rotating frame." MATEC Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818905005.

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In order to ensure the concentricity accuracy of frame-like thinwalled parts, this paper takes the rotating frame as a machining example. And using the method of finite element simulation and calculation, this paper analyzes the main factors that cause the error of coaxiality of the rotating frame. Because the clamping force of the clamping device causes the deformation of the workpiece, this article is based on the finite element simulation to improve the clamping method. By adding a fixing block at the bottom of the frame and clamping with the fixing block to avoid direct pressure on the rotating frame, the error of frame concentricity caused by the clamping deformation is reduced in this way. Aiming at the error caused by machine error, this paper improves the clamping device and adds the calibration mechanism to correct the machine error and ensure the coaxial accuracy. Through the application of the improved method proposed in this paper, the concentricity error of the rotating frame can be guaranteed within 0-0.005mm.

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45

Tyshkevich, V. N. "Optimization of Flat Grinding Modes for Low Rigidity Workpieces such as Rings and Prismatic Rods." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 2 (743) (February 2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-2-29-37.

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The study introduces an algorithm and method for optimization of flat grinding modes for low-rigidity workpieces such as rings and prismatic rods. The proposed solution ensures the specified quality of the machined surface at the maximum process efficiency. The required flatness tolerance of the machined surface is provided at the second stage of optimization modes by limiting the value of the maximum elastic deformation. The variable parameters are the cutting forces, magnetic field attraction of the machine table, and the bending rigidity of the workpiece. The study introduces mathematical models to determine maximum elastic deformation of workpieces when fixing and machining, outlines the conditions for ensuring the required flatness tolerance of the machined workpiece surface, taking into account the maximum elastic deformation of the low rigidity workpiece under the influence of the magnetic field of the machine tool and the radial component of the cutting force.

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46

Palkowski, Carsten, Andreas Zottl, Ivan Malenkovic, and Anne Simo. "Fixing Efficiency Values by Unfixing Compressor Speed: Dynamic Test Method for Heat Pumps." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061045.

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The growing market penetration of heat pumps indicates the need for a performance test method that better reflects the dynamic behavior of heat pumps. In this contribution, we developed and implemented a dynamic test method for the evaluation of the seasonal performance of heat pumps by means of laboratory testing. Current standards force the heat pump control inactive by fixing the compressor speed. In contrast, during dynamic testing, the compressor runs unfixed while the heat pump is subjected to a temperature profile. The profile consists of the different outdoor temperatures of a typical heating season based on the average European climate and also includes temperature changes to reflect the dynamic behavior of the heat pump. The seasonal performance can be directly obtained from the measured heating energy and electricity consumption making subsequent data interpolation and recalculation with correction factors obsolete. The method delivers results with high precision and high reproducibility and could be an appropriate method for a fair rating of heat pumps.

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47

Luo, Qing Hai, Wen Wu Peng, and Peng Fei Zhang. "Structure Improvement of the Principal Axis of a CNC Vertical Boring-Milling Machine." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1320.

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The rigidity of the principal axis of a CNC vertical boring-milling machine was analyzed, and the belt tension and end deformation were also calculated. A project was proposed to improve the structure of the principal axis for finish machining. After the discharge belt pulley was applied on the principal axis, the force transmission and the rigidity of principal axle system were improved considerably. The design and process means were proposed for the three added parts of the improved structure. The improved structure is simplified, secure and low-cost. The machining precision was increased, and the fixing was also become convenient.

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48

Valchev, Galin. "On the effects from the simultaneous occurrence of the critical Casimir and dispersion forces between conical colloid particle and a thick plate immersed in nonpolar critical fluid." MATEC Web of Conferences 145 (2018): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814501008.

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Here we study the interplay between the van der Waals (vdWF) and critical Casimir forces (CCF), as well as the total force (TF) between a conical colloid particle and a thick planar slab. We do that using general scaling arguments and mean-field type calculations utilizing the so-called “surface integration approach”, a generalization of the well known Derjaguin approximation. Its usage in the present research, requires knowledge on the forces between two parallel slabs, confining in between some fluctuating fluid medium characterized by its temperature T and chemical potential μ. The surfaces of the colloid particle and the slab are assumed coated by thin layers exerting strong preference to the liquid phase of a simple fluid, or one of the components of a binary mixture, modeled by strong adsorbing local surface potentials, ensuring the so-called (+,+) boundary conditions. On the other hand, the core region of the slab and the particle, influence the fluid by long-ranged competing dispersion potentials. We demonstrate that for a suitable set of colloid-fluid, slab-fluid, and fluid-fluid coupling parameters the competition between the effects due to the coatings and the core regions of the objects, result, when one changes T or μ, in sign change of the Casimir force (CF) and the TF acting between the colloid and the slab. Such an effect can provide a strategy for solving problems with handling, feeding, trapping and fixing of microparts in nanotechnology.

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49

Wakayama, Jun’ichi, Yoshihiro Yoshikawa, Toshihiro Yasuike, and Takenori Yamada. "Atomic Force Microscopic Evidence for Z-band as a Rigid Disc Fixing the Sarcomere Structure of Skeletal Muscle." Cell Structure and Function 25, no. 6 (2000): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1247/csf.25.361.

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50

Huang, Kang, Yuan-Jie Xian, Chen-Ming Li, and Ming-Ming Qiu. "Application of Udwadia–Kalaba approach to semi-active suspension control of a heavy-duty truck." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019836836.

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As an important component of the chassis system, the vehicle suspension plays a significant role in vehicle comfort, stability, and safety. In dynamic modeling of a semi-active suspension, traditional method is a complicated process, the actuator force is difficult to solve. In the process of model simplification, the influence of the vehicle-axle and balanced shift quality on the vehicle dynamics is not considered. For this reason, applying the Udwadia–Kalaba approach to dynamic modeling and control for a three-axle semi-active truck suspension can establish a simple and accurate equivalent discrete system. By fixing the displacement and acceleration of the body, the simulation is conducted with real excitations between the road and six wheels, and the actuator control forces of the semi-active suspension are obtained under the constraint by applying the Udwadia–Kalaba approach. The contrast in the analysis results from the Udwadia–Kalaba approach and the traditional Lagrange multiplier method indicate that the Udwadia–Kalaba equation can obtain the semi-active suspension actuator forces without introducing additional Lagrange multipliers and that the actuator forces acquired with the Udwadia–Kalaba approach are equal to those of the traditional Lagrange multiplier method.

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