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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024

Оновлено: 30 липня 2024

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1

Zverkov, Viktor, Tatjana Sidorovič, Mihail Falejev, and Nikolaj Cibikov. "Contemporary challenges and threats to the security of international and national socio-economic development of Eurasian countries." Zurnal za bezbjednost i kriminalistiku 5, no. 2 (2023): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zurbezkrim2302009z.

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Анотація:

The uncontrolled, destructive development of civilization has sharply sharpened contemporary global world contradictions, primarily interstate and intrastate relations, society's attitude toward the environment, the violation of the sovereignty of independent states under the pretext of "peacemaking and world security," etc. Experts are alarmed by a growing number of various challenges and threats (geopolitical, food, demographic, climatic, ecological, raw material, energy, etc.) and natural and technogenic emergency situations, the constant improvement of scenarios and methods of terrorist activity, unforeseeable political, socio-economic, ecological and other consequences that hinder the organization and execution of rescue and humanitarian operations, and the sustainable development of countries. Among the possible means of terrorist activity, terrorist acts using "dirty bombs" and biological agents are regarded as the most dangerous due to their medical, biological and socio-psychological consequences.

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2

Cole, A. H., and R. F. Ogungbe. "Food intake and energy expenditure of Nigerian female students." British Journal of Nutrition 57, no. 3 (May 1987): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19870039.

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1. Twenty apparently healthy and normal Nigerian female students, resident at the University of Ibadan campus, were studied for seven consecutive days to assess their food energy intake and energy expenditure during sedentary and physical activities.2. The mean age (years) of the group was 20.05 (SD 3.44, range 16–29), mean height (m) 1.62 (SD 0.07, range 1.47–1.74) and body-weight (kg) 51.28 (SD 3.21, range 46–58).3. The food intake of each subject was obtained by direct weighing, and the energy value determined using a ballistic bomb calorimeter. Daily activities were recorded and the energy cost of representative activities was determined by indirect calorimetry.4. Activities mainly involved sitting, mean (min/d) 354 (SD 84, range 253–475). Personal domestic activities took a mean of 162 (SD 73) min/d. Sleeping took a mean of 451 (SD 62) min/d.5. The mean energy intake of the group was 8480 (SD 1316) kJ/d or 167 (SD 30.6) kJ/kg body-weight per d. This value is lower than that recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) (1973) as the energy requirement for adult women engaged in light activities (9205 kJ/d), but it is higher than the FAO/WHO/United Nations University (UNU) (1985) recommended value of 8326 kJ (1990 kcal)/d for a housewife in an affluent society. It is lower than the recommended intake of 9350 kJ/d for rural women in developing countries (FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985).6. The mean energy expenditure (kJ/d) of the female subjects was 6865 (SD 214, range 6519–7222). Mean energy expenditure was lower than mean energy intake.7. The energy intake and expenditure values indicated that the subjects participating in the present study were not physically very active. It is suggested, for health reasons, that they might undertake more physical activity.

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3

Zhidkova, T., and Y. Selikhova. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE EXPEDIENCY OF USING THE URBAN UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF CIVILIAN POPULATION." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 170 (June 24, 2022): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-3-170-154-160.

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Current legislation to ensure civil protection of people from the effects of dangerous factors, in particular, hostilities or terrorist acts provides for the use of dual-use buildings – basements and basements, subway stations, subways, parking lots, underground shopping centers. An analysis of the state of Kharkiv's storage facilities showed that the vast majority of bomb shelters did not meet even the minimum sanitary and hygienic standards. The best conditions and the most reliable protection were given to people hiding at subway stations. These shelters are quite suitable for staying for several hours during an air alert, ie for a short stay. The realities of the war proved that in the eastern, south-eastern cities of Ukraine the period of continuous stay of the population in bomb shelters is weeks and months, which was not provided by current legislation and the State Construction However, the conditions when hundreds of people are forced to live on the floor of subway stations and in cars for a long time without proper sanitary and hygienic, hot food conditions are a humiliation of human dignity. The peculiarities of the use of the underground space of the city for the placement of dual-use premises for use as a bomb shelter during the military aggression were studied. In our opinion, the most suitable of the dual-use buildings listed in the normative documentation are some of the premises of underground shopping and entertainment centers, where, in particular, enterprises and institutions of daily service are located. One of the significant advantages of the underground floors of shopping and entertainment centers is the low operating costs of energy resources compared to the above-ground floors, which is especially important during martial law. This approach will allow people to stay for a long time, meet basic needs and even work in a safe underground space. A functional scheme of placement of dual-use premises and service enterprises within the shopping and entertainment center has been developed, as well as proposals for amendments to the State Building Standards.

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4

Fawole, Wasiu Olayinka, and Burhan Özkan. "Comprehensive Review of Growing Food Insecurity in Africa in Terms of Causes, Effects and Solutions: The Nigerian Example." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 6 (July 12, 2017): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i6.629-636.1113.

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Анотація:

This study examined the situation of food insecurity in Africa with special emphasis on Nigeria with a view to giving the picture of the trend with respect to causes, effects and possible solutions. The study employed secondary data sourced from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and subsequently compared the results with other previously conducted studies on food security status in Nigeria and few other African countries. Data for the trend of food security between 1990 and 2014 were sourced from FAO. The findings of this study combined with other previously conducted studies revealed that the food insecurity in Nigeria is not only becoming worrisome but frightening. According to the FAO three commonly employed indicators (prevalence of undernourishment, prevalence of food insecurity and number of undernourished people), it was observed that food insecurity in Nigeria continued to rise from 2009 according to the results of the annual survey till 2014. The implication of this is that if the trend is not halted as quickly as possible it is a time bomb that may pose grave security risks and danger to the country and Africa as a whole being the most populous black nation and it is almost certain that any destabilization suffered as a result of hunger in Nigeria is a destabilization of the entire sub-Saharan Africa region considering her enormous population and the strategic place she occupies in the economy of the region especially the western Africa. This paper made some far-reaching recommendations that could halt the trend if judiciously implemented.

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5

Morozov, Timofey S. "Combat equipment of the South Russian Organization of “People’s Will” in 1885–1886." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 24, no. 1 (March 21, 2024): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2024-24-1-9-16.

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Анотація:

During 1885, the South Russian organization of “People’s Will” by the leadership of B. D. Orzhikh created its own bombs set and provided their storage. These bombs were create for demoralization of the tsarist government. Because of objective reasons caused by recovery of weakened party, the southern revolutionaries did not have time to start the full realization of their plans about bombs using. In reality, the main work focused on the consolidation of revolutionary forces and propaganda activities until the liquidation of the group during 1886–1887. The group of B. D. Orzhikh really had only programs, plans and bombs, but not a terror as such; as a result, it is appropriate to study these components separately. This article will examine the history of the creation, storage and destruction of bombs of the South Russian organization in the period 1885–1886.

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6

Cole, A. H., and J. O. Ogbe. "Energy intake, expenditure and pattern of daily activity of Nigerian male students." British Journal of Nutrition 58, no. 3 (November 1987): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19870105.

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Анотація:

1. Twenty apparently healthy and normal Nigerian male students, resident at the University of Ibadan campus, were studied for seven consecutive days to assess their food energy intake and expenditure and pattern of their daily activities.2. The mean age (years) of the group was 24.0 (SD 3.23, range 20–30), mean height (m) 1.71 (SD 0.06, range 1.61–1.84) and body-weight (kg) was 61.1 (SD 5.01, range 51.0–69.5).3. The food intake of each subject was obtained by direct weighing and its energy value determined using a ballistic bomb calorimeter. Patterns of daily activities were recorded and the energy costs of representative activities were determined by indirect calorimetry.4. Activities mainly involved sitting, mean 580 (SD 167, range 394–732) min/d. Sleeping and standing activities took a mean of 445 (SD 112) and 115 (SD 75) min/d respectively. Personal domestic activities took a mean of 94 (SD 40) min/d.5. The mean energy intake of the group was 11 182 (SD 1970) kJ/d or 183 (SD 32) kJ/kg body-weight per d. This value is lower than the 12.5 MJ/d recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) (1973) as the energy requirement for an adult man engaged in moderate activities, but it is higher than the FAO/WHO/United Nations University (UNU) (1985) recommended value of 10.8 MJ/d for a male office clerk (light activity). It is also lower than the recommended energy requirement of 11.6 MJ/d for a subsistence farmer (moderately active work) (FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985).6. The mean energy expenditure of the male subjects was 9876 (SD 1064, range 7159–12259) kJ/d and was lower than mean intake.7. The energy intake and expenditure values indicated that the groups participating in the present study were not physically very active. It is an indication that the Nigerian male students expended less but probably consumed more energy than required. It is suggested for health reasons and for mental fitness that the Nigerian male students might undertake more physical exercise.

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7

Cole, Abiodun H., Omowumi O. Taiwo, Ngozi I. Nwagbara, and Cornelia E. Cole. "Energy intakes, anthropometry and body composition of Nigerian adolescent girls: a case study of an institutionalized secondary school in Ibadan." British Journal of Nutrition 77, no. 4 (April 1997): 497–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970052.

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Анотація:

Twenty-two apparently healthy Nigerian adolescent girls aged 11–17 years residing in a hostel, were studied over five consecutive days in order to assess their energy intake (EI), energy cost of specific activities and body composition (BC). The mean characteristics of the group were: height 1·58 (SD 0·1, range 1·42–1·68) m, body weight 49·1 (SD 7·9, range 34·0–61·0) kg and BMI 19·5 (SD 2·0, range 16·0-23·0) kg/m2. The food intake of each subject was assessed by direct weighing and its energy value was determined by means of a ballistic bomb calorimeter. BMR values were calculated according to Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) (1985) equations. Percentage body fat (BF %) values were derived from three skinfold thickness measurements, using population-specific equations. The adolescents' mean daily EI was found to be 6510 (SD 855) kJ/d (138·3 (SD 27·8) kJ/kg body weight per d) which is lower than the FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) calculated energy requirement of 8800 kJ/d for adolescent girls aged 12–14 years. The contributions of specific nutrients and individual meals to the total EI were: carbohydrate, protein and fat, 59·2, 12·5 and 28·3 % of energy respectively and breakfast, lunch and supper, 21·5, 41·0 and 37·4 % respectively. However, the mean BMR was 5627kJ/d, which is comparable with that given by FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) for adolescent girls aged 13–14 years. The mean BF % was found to be 21·7. The comparatively low EI of the participants in the present study may be indicative of energy deficiency in their meals. This assumption is also reflected in their BC values. Nevertheless, further studies of this kind on adolescents in Nigeria are needed to confirm these observations.

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8

Haq, Ahmad Tarikhul, Pusparida Syahdan, and Husein Abdullah. "Strategi Gerakan Sosial Transnasioal dalam Kampanye Perdamaian Internasional (Studi Kasus: Food Not Bombs)." Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v1i1.12721.

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This study focused on transnational social movement strategies in international peace campaign with Food Not Bombs as study case. This study used analytical descriptive method with library research as data collection method. The data type is secondary one which obtained from literatures, books, journals, and information accessed via internet that related with the issues. Analytical techniques used by the author in this paper are qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis which used to complement the first one. The result of this study are food distribution as antiwar and poverty symbol and message to public, transnational coalition building, and nonviolence method usage. Transnational coalition used to bring more people to their collective claim. Food Not Bombs dedication towards nonviolence shown in its nonviolence protest act such as blockade, marches, and camps. Penelitian ini membahas tentang strategi transnational social movement – gerakan sosial transnasional dalam kampanye perdamaian internasional dengan menggunakan studi kasus Food Not Bombs. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik, dengan tehnik pengumpulan data yakni dengan studi kepustakaan, kemudian jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, yang diperoleh dari literatur-literatur, buku-buku, dokumen, jurnal, dan informasi yang diakses melalui internet yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang dibahas, dan tehnik analisis yang digunakan penulis dalam penulisan ini adalah tehnik analisis data kualitatif, adapun data kuantitatif merupakan data pelengkap untuk menjelaskan data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi Food Not Bombs berupa membagikan makanan sebagai pesan anti perang dan kelaparan kepada publik, membangun koalisi transnasional, dan menggunakan metode nonkekerasan. Koalisi transnasional digunakan untuk membawa pesan kolektif dengan massa yang lebih besar. Begitu pula dengan dedikasi Food Not Bombs terhadap nonkekerasan ditandai dengan aksi protes nonkekerasan seperti blokade, kemah, dan pawai.

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9

Gordon, Larry J. "From Nuclear Bombs to Food Safety: A Personal Odyssey." Journal of Public Health Policy 20, no. 4 (1999): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3343126.

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10

Franch, Belen, Alberto San Bautista, David Fita, Constanza Rubio, Daniel Tarrazó-Serrano, Antonio Sánchez, Sergii Skakun, Eric Vermote, Inbal Becker-Reshef, and Antonio Uris. "Within-Field Rice Yield Estimation Based on Sentinel-2 Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 4095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204095.

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Rice is considered one of the most important crops in the world. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), rice production has increased significantly (156%) during the last 50 years, with a limited increase in cultivated area (24%). With the recent advances in remote sensing technologies, it is now possible to monitor rice crop production for a better understanding of its management at field scale to ultimately improve rice yields. In this work, we monitor within-field rice production of the two main rice varieties grown in Valencia (Spain) JSendra and Bomba during the 2020 season. The sowing date of both varieties was May 22–25, while the harvesting date was September 15–17 for Bomba and October 5–8 for JSendra. Rice yield data was collected over 66.03 ha (52 fields) by harvesting machines equipped with onboard sensors that determine the dry grain yield within irregular polygons of 3–7 m width. This dataset was split in two, selecting 70% of fields for training and 30% for validation purposes. Sentinel-2 surface reflectance spectral data acquired from May until September 2020 was considered over the test area at the two different spatial resolutions of 10 and 20 m. These two datasets were combined assessing the best combination of spectral reflectance bands (SR) or vegetation indices (VIs) as well as the best timing to infer final within-field yields. The results show that SR improves the performance of models with VIs. Furthermore, the correlation of each spectral band and VIs with the final yield changes with the dates and varieties. Considering the training data, the best correlation with the yields is obtained on July 4, with R2 for JSendra of 0.72 at 10 m and 0.76 at 20 m resolution, while the R2 for Bomba is 0.87 at 10 m and 0.92 at 20 m resolution. Based on the validation dataset, the proposed models provide within-field yield modelling Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.254 t×ha−1 (Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE, of 3.73%) for JSendra at 10 m (0.240 t×ha−1; 3.48% at 20 m) and 0.218 t×ha−1 (MAPE 5.82%) for Bomba (0.223 t×ha−1; 5.78% at 20 m) on July 4, that is three months before harvest. At parcel level the model’s MAE is 0.176 t×ha−1 (MAPE 2.61%) for JSendra and 0.142 t×ha−1 (MAPE 4.51%) for Bomba. These results confirm the close correlation between the rice yield and the spectral information from satellite imagery. Additionally, these models provide a timeliness overview of underperforming areas within the field three months before the harvest where farmers can improve their management practices. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of optimum agronomic management of rice plants during the first weeks of rice cultivation (40–50 days after sowing) to achieve high yields.

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11

Maharani, Annisa Bella, Lia Destiarti, Nurlina Nurlina, Intan Syahbanu, and Winda Rahmalia. "PENGARUH JENIS MINYAK TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK D AN KIMIA BATH BOMB (THE EFFECT OF THE TYPE OIL ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BATH BOMB)." Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/indonesian.v3i1.46547.

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Bath bombs were produced with ten different types of oil to determine the effect of the oil used on their physical and chemical properties. Bath bombs were prepared by mixing the dry ingredients first (citron, cornstarch, baking soda) and stirring until all the ingredients were well blended. Then, mixed the wet ingredients (water, oil, perfume ore, food coloring) into the beaker. After that, the wet ingredients were poured gradually into the dry dough, and this step was done until all the wet ingredients run out, and the texture of the bath bomb dough was slightly moist so that it can be put in the mold. Finally, the bath bomb is printed and tested in a laboratory. The result showed that the difference in essential oils used in the manufacture of bath bombs does not affect the pH of the bath bomb but affects the stability of the resulting foam. The acceptability test results showed that the resulting bath bomb provided a sensation of freshness and relaxation and did not cause allergies. Based on the SWOT analysis results, these bath bombs can advance and develop by implementing a vertical integration strategy

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12

McMahon, Dylan. "A "Feast of Fools": Food Security and the Carnivalesque in Peterborough, Ontario's Food Not Bombs." UnderCurrents: Journal of Critical Environmental Studies 20 (June 20, 2017): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2292-4736/39893.

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Counterculture movements in the 1960s and 70s dramatically reorganized the role of bodies within social frameworks and saw the internalization of political issues, both figuratively and literally. The political became the personal and quotidian moments of consumption became sites of resistance. As Warren Belasco suggests, in reference to the radical food movements that saw the expulsion of "Wonderbread" and the resurgence of home-cooked holistic foods, "[d]ietary radicalism could be lived 365 days a year, three times a day. If, as Leftists knew, the personal was political, what could be more personal than eating? And what could be more political than challenging America's largest industry, the food business?" (227). Food provides a dynamic vessel for engaging with politics and capital at both the gastronomical level (what we choose to put into our bodies) and the social level (how we arrange our bodies collectively and individually). The kneading, baking, and consumption of bread, for example, provide precious, intimate moments for expressing agency and resistance to systems of power. Belasco saw this...Find full text in .pdf below.

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13

Hakiki, Falhan. "FOOD NOT BOMBS (FNB) SEBAGAI GERAKAN PROTES TERHADAP AKSI MILITERISTIK NEGARA-NEGARA DUNIA." Dauliyah Journal of Islamic and International Affairs 5, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/dauliyah.v5i2.4647.

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14

Lugten, Gail. "Food and Agriculture Organization." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 23, no. 4 (2008): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180808x353939.

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15

Joling, Carole. "Food and agriculture organization." Government Publications Review 16, no. 5 (September 1989): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(89)90076-9.

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16

Hirsch, Carolin. "Religious Gift-Giving Turned Upside Down. On Monks and Punks in Myanmar." Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik 22, no. 1 (2021): 6–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1439-880x-2021-1-6.

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In Myanmar, a mainly Buddhist country, gift-giving practices are part of the everyday life. An established practice is dāna, where laypeople support those living a monastic life. Turning this established practice on its head is used as a tool of socio-political protest by a group of punks, who run the local chapter of Food Not Bombs in Yangon. The punks’' protest is contextualized through the local nexus of religion and politics, within which dāna practices occupy a central role.

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17

Parson, Sean. "Parks, Permits, and Riot Police: San Francisco Food Not Bombs and Autonomous Occupations of Space." New Political Science 37, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 346–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2015.1056430.

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18

Spataro, David. "Against a de-politicized DIY urbanism: Food Not Bombs and the struggle over public space." Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 9, no. 2 (July 9, 2015): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549175.2015.1056208.

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19

Edwards, Ferne, and Dave Mercer. "Food Waste in Australia: The Freegan Response." Sociological Review 60, no. 2_suppl (December 2012): 174–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.12044.

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Анотація:

A common problem in all affluent societies, particularly in the retail sector, is the burgeoning issue of food waste. In this, Australia is no exception. However, to a large extent, the main focus of research in Australia to date has been on food waste at the household level. This paper focuses on the previous stage in the food life-cycle and examines the freegan practice of collecting and redistributing food discarded as ‘worthless’ by supermarket chains, in particular. For freegans, this is an act of choice, not need, to protest against issues of overconsumption and waste. The practice of freeganism has had multiple manifestations throughout history. It represents an alternative ethics of consumption and has multiple forms, embracing such issues as pesticide contamination, excessive labour exploitation, packaging and more. This paper reports on ongoing ethnographic research into two freegan subcultures in Australia: dumpster-divers and participation in the activities associated with ‘Food Not Bombs’. It complements freegan research conducted across the world while its analysis, applying theories of alternative food networks, food justice, diverse economies and concepts of autonomy, provides insights into contemporary forms of activism and social change around issues of food waste in Australia.

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20

Lupien, J. R. "The Food and Agriculture Organization food-composition initiative." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 1194S—1197S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/65.4.1194s.

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21

Katili, Vicky Rizky, Lay Tjarles, Muhamad Ali Ulat, Kadarusman Kadarusman, Amir M. Suruwaky, Fataha Ilyas Hasan, Jusman Jusman, Lukman Efendi, and Ismail Ismai. "role of coral reefs for marine life is as a place to find food, nursery areas, spawning grounds, and as hiding places." Buletin SWIMP 2, no. 02 (November 1, 2022): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bs.v2i02.44.

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The role of coral reefs for marine life is as a place to find food, nursery areas, spawning grounds, and as hiding places. Gag Island is one of the areas that has the potential for the main coral species Acropora sp, but with the increase in pollution from waste that causes sedimentation, and local community activities in fishing activities in ways that are not environmentally friendly, such as the use of bombs that make coral reefs in the area. many of these areas are degraded or damaged. To overcome the sustainability of fishing that is not environmentally friendly, it is the initiative to carry out socialization and transplantation.

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22

MARINICH, Volodymyr, Volodymyr KURYLO, Maryna MYKLUSH, and Svitlana HOLUB. "New formula for peace: the system of global non-aggressive security." Economics. Finances. Law 1/2024, no. - (January 30, 2024): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2024.1.14.

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The research sets out a formula for creating a new security system, which can be called the Global Non-Aggressive Security System (or GNASS). According to this formula, states, private companies, non-governmental organizations, and individuals can join the GNASS regardless of their location or place of business. At the same time, at the initial stage, the GNASS would consist of only three main elements. The first element is the Transit Territorial Security Policy, which is based on the following principles: an effective structure (based on an interstate corporation), effective transport security corridors (the SATTRON), and effective legal solutions. The second element implies the Non-Provocative Defense Policy, which is achieved by fulfilling the following conditions: the renunciation of all states from national military legislation and their accession to the UN Unified International Military Charter (which shall be developed); the reduction of the armed forces of all states through their refusal of military and other types of mobilization of people; the protection from prosecution and punishment of any individuals, private companies or non-governmental organizations that refuse to take part in hostilities. The third element is the Food Security Policy, which is based on the construction of the Underground Greenhouse-Bomb Shelter System (the SUGREBOS) to guarantee food for people both in peacetime and during military conflicts and natural disasters. According to the author, the development of a global security system based on the GNASS principle would eliminate military conflicts within several years, since the economic and security attractiveness of this system is so extreme that most states would agree to fulfill all the conditions for joining the GNASS.

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Cohen, Joel E., and Charles M. Newman. "Dynamic Basis of Food Web Organization." Ecology 69, no. 6 (December 1988): 1655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941142.

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de Wit, W. "DUTCH FOOD AUTHORITY: OBJECTIVES AND ORGANIZATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 611 (June 2003): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.611.7.

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25

Briner, Rob B., and Andrew Sturdy. "Introduction to food, work and organization." Human Relations 61, no. 7 (July 2008): 907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726708093901.

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Mekouar, Mohamed Ali. "15. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvu027.

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Mekouar, Mohamed Ali. "15. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 26 (2015): 617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvw064.

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-, Omar, Sivamurugan -, and Nur Hafeeza. "Socialization in Extremist Movements: A Case Study of Al-Qaeda." Al-Basirah Journal 11, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/basirah.vol11no1.5.

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Again, it's still unclear for sociological scholars, how Al-Qaeda socializes its cohorts based on abomination towards the West and the Arab regimes. This research paper focuses on the socialization process within Al-Qaeda through (Family, School, Peers and Media). Also, it argues that not all of those who join Al-Qaeda ostracized by their perspective community, but most of who join Al-Qaeda are well educated and came from a well-to-do family. However, from face to face socialization to hosted sites and social media, Al-Qaeda influenced thousands of its target audience to join the organization in its battle against Western interests. Additionally, Al-Qaeda came up by a new technique of socialization through an online magazine that teaches those who cannot join Al-Qaeda to manufacture bombs at their homes to attack the infidels as Osama Bin Laden says “Al-Qaeda desires death more than your desires live”.

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29

Farsund, Arild Aurvåg, Carsten Daugbjerg, and Oluf Langhelle. "Food security and trade: reconciling discourses in the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Trade Organization." Food Security 7, no. 2 (February 26, 2015): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0428-y.

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30

Turabian, Jose Luis. "Medical Concepts with Clinical-Epidemiological Implications that have to be Re-Assessed Since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic." International Journal of General Practice 1, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2692-5257.ijgp-20-3299.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is something new that baffles us. The dominant health model and the theory that supported it until before COVID-19 are refuted or invalidated by observing the current tragically situation, which also implies lasting changes in that new medical model. Consequently, once the urgency of the epidemic is over, the conceptual and organizational building of medical care can no longer be rebuilt in the same way. Based on the COVID-19 experience, it is necessary to rethink what kind of knowledge can emerge. Some of the concepts with clinical-epidemiological implications that have to be re-evaluated since the COVID-19 pandemic are: 1. Large epidemics or changes do not arise from an event similar to the "Big Bang", but rather they develop slowly and underground, so a surveillance system must be instituted; 2. Re-evaluate what we understand by "evidence-based medicine"; 3. Patient-centered care is inadequate and must be replaced by community-centered care; 4. Telecare and changes in the organization of consultations; 5. Hospitals and health centers are "biological bombs" that act as vectors of disease and must change their architecture, organization and use; 6. The end of the nursing home model; 7. Change of habits; and 8. Social media can democratize information and help communities organize.

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31

Nogueira, Anne, Fátima Alves, and Paula Vaz-Fernandes. "The Nutritional Content of Rescued Food Conveyed by a Food Aid Organization." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 20, 2021): 12212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212212.

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Background: The number of food-insecure families in the European Union has increased, resulting in an increasing number of households depending on food assistance programs. The aim in this study was to evaluate the nutrient content of food rescued by a food aid organization that rescues and redistributes fresh or freshly cooked food to low-income households. Methods: To determine the nutritional content of food hampers provided by our case study organization, we weighed all items of food hampers in three weighing rounds over a period of four months. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) was applied to measure households’ food insecurity. Results: Our results show that, at our case study food aid organization, food donations substantially contribute to energy, macro, and micronutrient dietary recommendation intake (DRI). Conclusions: When evaluating how these nutrients contribute to alleviating food insecurity of the beneficiary households, we found that the perception of food insecurity is independent of the amount of nutrients served. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study measuring the nutritional content of fresh or freshly cooked rescued food conveyed by a food aid organization.

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32

Ray Stricklin, W., and Joy A. Mench. "Social Organization." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 3, no. 2 (July 1987): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)31154-3.

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33

Edeson, W. R. "Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 11, no. 2 (1996): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180896x00104.

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34

Sidorenko, Oleg. "Organization of technological monitoring in food products." Журнал технических исследований 2, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19436.

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35

Parson, Sean. "Breaking Bread, Sharing Soup, and Smashing the State: Food Not Bombs and Anarchist Critiques of the Neoliberal Charity State." Theory in Action 7, no. 4 (October 31, 2014): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.14026.

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36

Sahni, Aseem. "Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): Invoking Force Majeure and Doctrine of Frustration: An Analysis From an Indian Law Perspective." International Journal of Legal Information 48, no. 3 (2020): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jli.2020.29.

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The on-going global Coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic, has affected a countless number of people around the world, businesses, and the global economies alike and is certainly nothing short of a ticking time bomb. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic after noting that COVID-19 has increased 13-fold in countries other than China. A few state governments in India have also termed COVID-19 as an epidemic. In testing times like these, India, currently amidst an unprecedented nationwide lock-down, which has subsequently been extended until May 3, 2020 and has resulted in a temporary or partial shutdown of most business(es)-in India—whether they be small, medium or big business houses, with the exception of only a list of services notified by the relevant governmental authorities which have been deemed to be and are categorized as ‘essential services’ and allowing functioning of select additional activities (such as allowing manufacturing activities in certain sectors to take place), which have also only been permitted to start from April 20, 2020.

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37

Wise, Paul H. "The Epidemiologic Challenge to the Conduct of Just War: Confronting Indirect Civilian Casualties of War." Daedalus 146, no. 1 (January 2017): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00428.

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Most civilian casualties in war are not the result of direct exposure to bombs and bullets; they are due to the destruction of the essentials of daily living, including food, water, shelter, and health care. These “indirect” effects are too often invisible and not adequately assessed nor addressed by just war principles or global humanitarian response. This essay suggests that while the neglect of indirect effects has been longstanding, recent technical advances make such neglect increasingly unacceptable: 1) our ability to measure indirect effects has improved dramatically and 2) our ability to prevent or mitigate the indirect human toll of war has made unprecedented progress. Together, these advances underscore the importance of addressing more fully the challenge of indirect effects both in the application of just war principles as well as their tragic human cost in areas of conflict around the world.

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38

Redfern, Jerry, and Karen J. Coates. "The Flavor of Danger." Gastronomica 11, no. 4 (2011): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2012.11.4.99.

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The article describes the effects of unexploded ordnance, known as UXO, on food production and farming culture in Laos. Between 1964 and 1973 the United States flew more than 580,000 bombing missions over Laos, and an estimated 30 percent of all munitions dropped did not explode as designed. Millions of those unexploded bombs remain in the ground today. UXO poses daily risks to life and limb for the Laotian population, particularly Laotian farmers and rural residents. The story is told through photos, individual interviews and first-hand reporting along The Ho Chi Minh Trail, in Phonsavanh (also known as Phonsavan) town, in Xiengkhouang (also known as Xiangkhoang and Xiangkhouang) Province and in Phongsali Province. Special emphasis is placed on the continuing danger of decades-old cluster munitions, also known as “bombies.” Traditional Laotian foods laap, or lam, and sticky rice are also noted.

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39

Heynen, Nik. "Cooking up Non-violent Civil-disobedient Direct Action for the Hungry: ‘Food Not Bombs’ and the Resurgence of Radical Democracy in the US." Urban Studies 47, no. 6 (May 2010): 1225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098009360223.

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This paper examines the efforts of one of the fastest-growing (anarchist) social movement groups in the world, ‘Food Not Bombs’ (FNB), to redefine urban anti-hunger politics in the US . The aim is to understand how FNB contests the politics and processes of poor people’s containment through their efforts to develop new, decommodified modes of biopolitics. As it is central to their success, the paper focuses on how FNB uses non-violent civil-disobedient direct action to provide an alternative grassroots response to the destructive market-driven imperatives of neo-liberal capitalism. The case of FNB provides an example of the continued potential for mutual aid and cooperativism in the city and does so against the backdrop of growing injustices within an ever-globalising world. Ultimately, the paper shows that FNB offers an example of the kinds of resistance necessary to secure the most fundamentally inherent right to the city, which is the right to eat and survive in the city.

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40

Tiwari, Dr Aruna, Dr Ritu Kapoor, and Dr Manoj Adhalaka. "Strategic Uses of Poison in Ancient Times According to Ayurved." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47162.

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Abstract: In both ancient Samhitas and contemporary texts, poisoning is thoroughly discussed. Collective use of poison for mass destruction has been going on since ancient times. In ancient times, food, water and atmosphere etc. were contaminated by using poison (Samrika Vish Prayog) etc. to win over the enemy. At present, the form of this poison has taken the form of various types of chemical weapons and nuclear weapons, which, if used, leads to mass destruction of the enemy army in a very short time. A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) It is a nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological or other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans or cause great damage. For personal gain throughout ancient times, the Visha was blended with food, beverages, and cosmetics. Chemical weapons are chemical agents, whether gaseous, liquid, or solid, those are employed because of their direct Toxic effects on humans, animals, and plants. They inflict damage when inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or ingested in food or drink. Chemical agents become weapons when they are placed into artillery shells, land mines, aerial bombs, missile warheads, mortar shells, grenades, spray tanks, or any other means of delivering the agents to designated targets.

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41

Provost, Nkasiobi Silas Oguzor. "Farm Organization, Ownership and Food Productivity In Nigeria." International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss.v1i1.5.

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42

TSUBAKI, Shinichi, Takeshi MURATA, and Kazuko SATO. "Alternative food system by nonprofit organization in Massachusetts." JOURNAL OF RURAL SOCIETY AND ECONOMICS 37, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11617/jrse.37.2_10.

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43

Ali Mekouar, Mohamed. "15. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvs041.

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44

Ali Mekouar, Mohamed. "15. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 640–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvs137.

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45

Mekouar, Mohamed Ali. "15. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 585–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvt056.

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46

Mekouar, Mohamed. "15. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 27 (January 1, 2016): 488–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvx070.

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47

Grandori, Anna. "Improving organization forms in the agri-food industry." British Food Journal 117, no. 10 (October 5, 2015): 2418–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2014-0386.

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48

Darby, William J. "The Food Protection Committee: A Non-Government Organization." Journal of Nutrition 123, suppl_2 (February 1, 1993): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/123.suppl_2.294.

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49

Cioara, Cristian Raul, Marius Simion Morar, Andrada Denisa Băbuţ, and Olga Miclea. "Technological and organizational operationalization of the program testing the operation of pyrotechnic entertainment articles of category 4, such as: aerial bombs and roman candles." MATEC Web of Conferences 305 (2020): 00074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030500074.

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The purpose of this paper is to describe how fireworks and their components are organized or built. Constructive details will facilitate the implicit or explicit descriptions of the operation and interconnection of several pyrotechnic objects for the purpose of organizing and conducting a firework show. The authors’ approach to describing the organization and functioning of the fireworks runs into a difficulty: the large number and variety of pyrotechnic articles, making it difficult to deal with each product in detail, especially when new products may appear, with different physicochemical and effect characteristics. However, based on our own experience, we have applied a system to generalize certain explanations by category of pyrotechnic objects and by type of effects.

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50

Monteiro, Jordanna Santos, Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho, Renata Puppin Zandonadi, and Wilma Maria Coelho Araujo. "Is There a Convergence between the Food Classification Adopted by Food-Based Dietary Guidelines and Food Science and Technology?" Foods 12, no. 20 (October 18, 2023): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12203824.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the dietary guidelines presented as the Food-based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG). The FBDG classify foods according to their origin, nature, nutrient source, food group, and processing level. Food science and technology (FST) ranks food according to its origin, perishability, nutrient source, processing, food group, and formulation. This paper aimed to compare the convergence points for food classification according to the FBDG and FST. This study was carried out in two phases. The first step was identifying the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG). For each of the FBDG, food items were grouped as fruits, vegetables, cereals, sugars, fat and oils, legumes, foods from animals, dairy products, and others. The second step aimed to identify and describe the different food classification systems. The search was performed on PubMed®, Science Direct, and Web of Science and websites of international organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Codex Alimentarius. Our results show that the points of convergence between the classifications were the classification in terms of origin (animal and vegetable), nutrient sources, and food groups. However, inconsistencies were observed for the distribution of food items in each group in the 98 surveyed FBDG. As for nature, there was a convergence for in natura, minimally processed, and processed foods. However, the criteria adopted for minimally processed and processed foods described in the FBDG differ from those considered by the FST. FST also does not recognize the classification of foods concerning the level of processing.

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