Дисертації з теми "Food and Feeding"
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1
Terry, Lesley L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Food, feeding and female sexual arousal." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2510.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Feederism is a fat fetish subculture that eroticizes eating, feeding, and gaining weight.
This thesis attempts to explain the practice of Feederism using an evolutionary approach.
Chapter one examines the historical and cross-cultural meaning of fat and its association
with fertility, health, and beauty. Chapter one also reviews the current literature on fat
admiration and Feederism, and introduces some possible explanations for what
Feederism is, and how it can be conceptualized. Chapter two describes a case study that
was conducted on a female member of the Feederism community. The results of this case
study add support to the hypothesis that Feederism is paraphilic. Chapter three describes
a psychophysiological study that tested how members of the general population respond
to and rate feeding stimuli. This study was conducted to determine whether Feederism is
an exaggeration of a more normative and functional mate selection strategy. The results
of this study demonstrate that males and females both respond to and rate feeding stimuli
similarly. No definitive conclusions were drawn with respect to the exaggeration
hypothesis, because, although participants did subjectively rate the feeding stimuli as
more sexually arousing than neutral stimuli, they did not genitally respond to the feeding
stimuli significantly more than to the neutral stimuli. Chapter four summarizes the results
of the two studies and discusses how these finding might inform future research on
paraphilias, courtship, and intimacy.viii, 128 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
2
Rapley, G. "Spoon-feeding or self-feeding? : the infant's first experience of solid food." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2015. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14177/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since 2002, the minimum recommended age worldwide for the introduction of solid foods has been six months, an age when most infants are able to bring food to their mouth and chew it, without assistance. Despite this, the practice of spoon feeding with purées remains prevalent and most research to date has examined the introduction of solid foods from the adult’s perspective rather than the infant’s. As a result, factors that may impact on the food preferences of infants, such as the appearance, smell and haptic qualities of food, have not been investigated, nor has the routine use of puréed foods been challenged. Similarly, while differences have been well documented between the processes of breastfeeding and bottle feeding, the possibility that there may be pertinent differences between spoon feeding and self-feeding has not been explored. Overall, the introduction of solid foods has been researched in nutritional terms, rather than in relation to the infant’s experience and his wider learning and development. This study appears to be the first to explore the introduction of solid food from the infant’s perspective. Ten infants were offered a single food, both as a graspable piece and as a spoon-fed purée. The experience was audio/video-recorded and analysed in depth using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Two interviews were conducted with the mother of each infant, during which they were asked to eat the same food, in the same formats, as their infant, and to comment on the audio/video-recording. The findings indicate that spoon feeding and self-feeding are two contrasting experiences. Self-feeding was seen to be characterised by exploratory behaviour, while spoon feeding showed more evidence of avoidant behaviour by the infant and controlling behaviour by the mother. Possible implications for parental and professional guidance and for future research are discussed.
3
Kral, Courtney E. "Feeding Inequalities: Food Aid and Food Insecurity in Post-Earthquake Haiti." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1398352485.
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4
Brocker, Jamie Aileen. "Fighting Food Waste and Feeding People as a Food Recovery Network Fellow." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1512149200706969.
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5
Minkel, Rachel. "A COMPARISON OF SELF-FEEDING VERSUS CAREGIVER-FEEDING IN THE TREATMENT OF FOOD SELECTIVITY." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2289.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present investigation compared the effects of self-feeding versus caregiver-feeding on increasing bite acceptance and decreasing problem behavior in the treatment of food selectivity. Participants included three children diagnosed with ASD who ate limited amounts of healthy foods. A multielement and reversal design was used to compare self-feeding and caregiver-feeding. Results of the present study are discussed in regard to the effects of self-feeding versus caregiver-feeding during implementation of noncontingent reinforcement, differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, escape extinction, and combinations of these procedures.
6
Grove, Elizabeth D. "Childhood Food Exposure, Parental Feeding Practices, and Current Food Neophobia in College Students." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1554503321191901.
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7
Kull, Inger. "Infant feeding and allergy in children /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-553-4/.
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8
Nduna, Themba. "Infant and young child feeding in Zimbabwe : developing food-based complementary feeding recommendations for infants." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Undernutrition is a global public health challenge with life-long consequences. For a child chronically undernourished within the first 1000 days of its life, the consequences include lower school attainment, shorter adult height, reduced adult income and national economic productivity. Investing in preventing child undernutrition has both immediate and later life benefits for children and society. To prevent child undernutrition, promote optimal growth and development, nutrition interventions should target the 1000-days window of opportunity. Aim and objectives: This thesis aimed to assess infant feeding practices in the Matebeleland region of Zimbabwe. The objectives were to (i) explore factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding, (ii) estimate nutrient intake and assess nutritional quality of infants' diets and (iii) formulate and pilot food-based feeding recommendations for infants. Methods: This thesis employed mixed methods. The breastfeeding study and piloting of feeding recommendations were qualitative, whilst the food intake and linear programming studies were quantitative. Results: Diets consumed by infants in the Matebeleland region are predominantly plant-based and poor in both diversity and micronutrient density. The diets do not meet calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B3 requirements for 9-11 month-old infants. Urban infants and those from wealthier households had higher median nutrient intakes than infants from rural and poor households did, respectively. Conclusion: Diets consumed by infants in the Matebeleland region are poor in diversity and micronutrient density and cannot meet calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B3 requirements for the 9-11 months target group. Maize meal fortification improved the micronutrient density of the diets.
9
Costa, Joao Henrique Cardoso. "Food neophobia, feeding and sorting behaviour in dairy calves." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Standard practice within the dairy industry is to separate calves from the dam immediately after birth and raise calves in individual pens during the milk-feeding period with little or no contact with conspecifics. I reviewed empirical work (Chapter 2) on the social development of calves, the effects of social isolation and the practices associated with group housing of dairy calves. From this review I identified literature gaps that were explored in the following chapters. In Chapter 3, I explored how pairing age affects performance and feeding behaviour development in dairy calves. Early pairing (3 d of age) increased solid feed intake and weight gains in comparison to late-pairing (42 d of age) and individual housing. In Chapter 4, I investigated how individual housing of calves affects food neophobia. The results suggested that calves raised in a complex social environment are less reluctant to ingest new feed types. Chapter 5 investigated whether being grouped with experienced dairy cows would affect the development of grazing behaviours in pregnant dairy heifers first introduced to pasture. The results indicated that grouping heifers with pasture-experienced cows improves grazing behaviour in the first hours following introduction to pasture. Chapter 6 assessed whether weaned calves would sort a total mixed ration (TMR) and if sorting was affected by the availability of a separate grain source. I found that calves can sort a total mixed ration and that the provision of a separate source of concentrate reduces sorting. I conclude that calves raised in more complex social environments early in life experience benefits related to feeding behaviour development, performance, ability to cope with novelty, and that experienced companions can be used to mitigate stress associated with novelty.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
10
Bryce, Carol. "Feeding pre-school children : negotiating good motherhood through food." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/65094/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food retains a central importance in family life, which extends beyond its nutritional necessity. Through in-depth interviews with 39 mothers of pre-school children, this study focuses on how mothers negotiate the complex and competing priorities of feeding their children. Mothers are expected to feed their children, according to expert definitions of appropriate nutrition, whilst taking account of individual food preferences and structural constraints. The ways that feeding children intersects with the construction of ‘good’ mother or how mothers negotiate external information and advice on feeding their children has not been the focus of much research. This research considers these issues at a time when government policy remains focused on health, lifestyles and obesity. This study shows that mothers feel the responsibility of motherhood strongly whilst accepting their accountability. It also shows that feeding children is one of the main concerns of mothers of young children and one that occupies a great deal of time. By talking to mothers of different ages and living in different social circumstances, this study shows that all mothers accept the links between food and health and all take account of these links as they look to their children’s future health. All mothers seek external sources of information and advice but sources differ with mothers’ age and social class. Expertise is found not to be the preserve of those with formal qualifications as mothers talked of how expertise is negotiated. Mothers therefore work hard to negotiate their own versions of good motherhood through their food decision-making. By focusing on the aspects of feeding children that are considered the most important at any given time, mothers are able to negotiate their own sense of good motherhood.
11
Boni, Zofia Antonina. "Children and food in Warsaw : negotiating feeding and eating." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22781/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In my thesis I argue that feeding children in Warsaw involves multiple negotiations, which engage different people, various institutions and take place in varied spaces. Amid these negotiations, adults and children engage in power struggles, which are situated within wider public discourses, political debates and moral perspectives on food and modern personhood. Adults implement strategies in order to feed children in a particular way, whereas children re-negotiate that imposed order using different tactics. Children in many ways influence the process of feeding. At the same time, both adults and children are disciplined and normalized in relation to what is considered the 'proper' way of feeding and eating. They are socialized into 'proper' eaters and feeders by other social actors. I argue that feeding and eating are inextricably connected and cannot be studied separately as they continuously influence one another. The thesis is based on 12 months of fieldwork conducted in Warsaw between September 2012 and August 2013. My fieldwork was based on multi-sited and relational ethnography and included research conducted with working and middle class families and in primary schools. During my fieldwork I treated children, aged 6-12 years old, as independent interlocutors and I used diversified methods when working with them. I also studied state institutions, food companies and food marketers, non-governmental organisations and media debates related to children and food. Drawing from practice theory and building on structural and interactive approaches, I study the ways in which feeding and eating are negotiated between diverse social actors in Warsaw. The thesis discusses diverse moral perspectives on food, discourses and narratives about food and children, multiple experiences and practices related to feeding and eating embedded in the context of postsocialist transformation, shifting notions of parenthood and childhood, and the changing politics of food and food education in Poland.
12
Mulcare, Jerad Ross. "Feeding Kansas: Food, Famine, and Relief in Contested Territory." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26718737.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
“Feeding Kansas” is an analysis of how food and its availability shaped the experiences of settlers and Native Americans in the two decades following the opening of Kansas Territory in 1854. From the outset, food was central to conceptions of the plains. White settlers arrived in Kansas expecting a verdant Eden; their expectations were quickly altered by the realities of farming and living in the semi-arid region. This dissertation argues that, in the face of these realities, there emerged a Kansas aid complex, an overlapping set of institutions and practices that provided settlers with options to receive various forms of aid when they needed it. This system was put to the test in 1860, when the territory was struck by a devastating drought that, over the course of the year, became a famine. I argue that hungry settlers and Natives had expectations that the federal government would intervene on their behalf to prevent outright starvation, but only the treaty claims of the latter proved strong enough an incentive for the Buchanan administration to take any action. White Kansans were ultimately saved by a private aid network, one orchestrated and operated by abolitionists who understood that to keep Kansas fed was to keep it free as well. In 1874, Kansans again looked outward for help, as a “Grasshopper Plague” occurred that summer, bringing many of the same issues to the fore. In 1874-75, I argue, changing demographics on the plains and a significantly more powerful post-Civil War federal government led to a different outcome. Kansans were once again fed, but it was primarily because of the efforts of a group of Army officers stationed throughout the plains. Using promotional literature, travel narratives, diaries, newspapers, and government records, this dissertation reconsiders the “Bleeding Kansas” period, arguing that the divisive politics at the local and national levels concerning Kansas had a critical, heretofore under-examined environmental component.History
13
Bean, Mary W. "Understanding Feeding Style and Young Children's Consumption of Food." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5450.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to increased rates of childhood obesity since 2010, researchers have examined family environmental factors and family influences on children's consumption of healthy foods. While previous research has examined how factors such as food presentation and the food intake of other family members can predict a child's body mass index, there has been little research examining whether parent factors predict the amount of healthy foods children eat. This quantitative survey study examined whether certain parent factors, specifically parents' attitudes about food, parents' feeding styles, and parents' attachment styles, predicted the amount of fruits and vegetables children ate. Understanding the extent to which these factors predict children's actual consumption of healthy foods, rather than predicting their body mass index, will further inform the healthcare field about parents' role in their children's physical development. Family systems theory served as the theoretical foundation. Seventy-four parents of children ages 1 to 7 years completed an online survey containing items from the Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire, the Relationship Structures Attachment Questionnaire, and the Parent Attitudes About Food Questionnaire. As well, they logged the amount of fruits and vegetables their child ate over a 1-week period. The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed an overall significance which suggested that the 3 parent factors together predicted the amount of fruits and vegetables that children ate; however, closer examination indicated that only parents' attachment style was a significant prediction of children's consumption of fruits and vegetables. The results of the study add to our understanding of the role that parents play in their children's eating habits and the influence of attachment on children's consumption of a nutrient-dense diet.
14
Osman, T. E. A. A. "Reticulo-ruminal motility and food intake in sheep." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383451.
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Fam, Sherra D. "Food and feeding requirements of juvenile striped wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23131.pdf.
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16
Al-Musharef, Samira. "Maternal food habits and infant feeding practices in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1990. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/materail-food-habits-and-infant-feeding-practices-in-saudi-arabia(037fb1bd-7f62-4ab8-a51f-0d96f7a1ebce).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy and lactation of Saudi Arabian mothers, together with infant feeding practices and identify the beliefs and other factors which lie behind these patterns. The implications for the nutritional health of mother and baby were also explored. Data was collected in three separate studies: 1. An investigation of antenatal records of 92 mothers who had given birth to normal weight babies compared with records of 46 mothers who had given birth to babies weighing less than 2.500 kg. 2. Survey of dietary patterns and beliefs of 227 women attending the first antenatal appointment, recruited in Shaban (80), Shawal (76) and Ramadan (71). 3. A follow-up study of 51 mother-baby pairs to investigate dietary patterns, infant-feeding practices and anthropometric measurements at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months postpartum. Results indicate the influence of cultural beliefs on maternal diet during pregnancy, puerperium and lactation, including some influence of hot/cold food classification. The period of Ramadan not only profoundly affected maternal eating habits in pregnancy, but was also associated with low birth weight when it fell in the second trimester of pregnancy. Based on 24-hour recall data, the diets of most mothers in pregnancy and lactation failed to meet international recommendations. Some breast feeding of infants was almost universal and prolonged by western standards, but the decline during the study period indicated that the majority would not comply with the Quranic injunction to breast feed for 2 years. Anthropometric data of infants indicated the presence of stunting/wasting in a small number of infants.
17
Viherluoto, Maiju. "Food selection and feeding behaviour of Baltic Sea mysid shrimps." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2001. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/ekolo/vk/viherluoto/.
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Vivas, Muñoz Jenny Carolina. "Trematodes modulate aquatic food webs by altering host feeding behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20592.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parasiten können den Energietransfer in Lebensgemeinschaften über trophische Kaskaden beeinflussen, indem sie Änderungen in den Konsumenten-Ressourcen-Interaktionen induzieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Rolle von Trematoden auf das Freßverhalten ihrer Wirte auf zwei trophischen Ebenen untersucht. Vier verschiedene Süßwasserschnecken-Trematoden-Systeme wurden verwendet, um zu testen, ob ein allgemeines Muster für die Auswirkung von Infektionen auf die Grazingaktivität von Schnecken auf das Periphyton nachgewiesen werden kann. Die Grazingraten auf Periphyton bei infizierten Schnecken entweder höher, niedriger oder ähnlich denen derjenigen von nicht infizierten Artgenossen.
Augenparasiten können die Leistungsfähigkeit ihres Wirtes beeinträchtigen, was die Auswirkungen auf das Erkennen von Beutetieren, Raubtieren und Artgenossen hat. Mit Tylodelphys clavata experimentell infizierte Flussbarsche wurden mit zwei verschiedenen Beutetierarten eingesetzt, um das Fraßverhalten in Konkurrenz mit nicht infizierten Artgenossen zu untersuchen. Die Entfernung, aus der infizierte Fische die beiden Beutetierarten attackierten, war im Vergleich zu nicht infizierten Artgenossen signifikant kürzer. Die Tendenz war, dass nicht infizierte Fische mehr von den verfügbaren Beutetieren verzehrten. Um zu prüfen, ob der Fisch als Kompensation seine Beutepräferenz verändert, wurde die Beutezusammensetzung von Flussbarschen aus dem Müggelsees mittels Mageninhalts- und Stabilisotopenanalysen untersucht. Beide Methoden ergaben, dass sich die Fische mit zunehmender Intensität der Infektion selektiver ernährten, während sich geringer infizierte Fische Generalisten herausstellten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bestätigen, dass Trematoden eine wichtige Rolle in Nahrungsnetzen spielen können, indem sie das Freßverhalten ihres Wirtes verändern. Darüber hinaus können Trematoden so die Stärke der Interaktion ihrer Wirte mit anderen Arten auf verschiedenen trophischen Ebenen beeinflussen.Parasites can influence energy transfer through communities via trophic cascades by inducing alterations on consumer-resource interactions. This study evaluated the role of trematodes on their host’s feeding behaviour at two trophic levels. Four different freshwater snail–trematode systems were used to test whether a general pattern can be detected for the impact of infections on snail periphyton grazing activity. Mass-specific periphyton grazing rates of infected snails were higher, lower, or similar to rates of non-infected conspecifics. The variation across systems may result from differences on how the parasites use the resources of the snail and thus affect its energy budget. Eye parasites can impair their host’s sensory performance with important consequences for the detection of prey, predators and conspecifics. European perch experimentally infected with Tylodelphys clavata were used to evaluate their feeding behaviour under competition with non-infected conspecifics, for two different prey species (Asellus aquaticus and Daphnia magna). The distance at which infected fish attacked both prey species was significantly shorter in comparison to non-infected conspecifics. Additionally, infected fish had more unsuccessful attacks and there was a general tendency that non-infected fish consumed more of the available prey. To evaluate whether fish alter their prey preference as a compensatory mechanism, perch from Lake Müggelsee were sampled and their diet was evaluated using both stomach content and stable isotope analyses. Both methods indicated that with increasing infection intensity fish had a more selective diet, while less intensively infected fish appeared to be generalist feeders. The results from this study confirm that trematodes can play a relevant role within food webs by altering their hosts’ feeding behaviour. Furthermore, in this way trematodes can affect the interaction strengths of their hosts with other species at various trophic levels.
19
LANDAU, VIRGINIA ILENE. "THE ADAPTATION OF NEW WORLD MONKEYS TO NEW ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS: FOOD ACQUISITION AND FOOD PROCESSING BEHAVIORS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food cleaning behavior has been observed among laboratory squirrel monkeys. A Wilcoxon signed-ranks test showed that significantly more cleaning behavior occurred when hard monkey chow pellets and soft fruit were coated with edible debris. Monkeys removed fewer pieces of fruit from a food crock containing fruit coated with edible debris in a timed test. A principal component analysis of the food cleaning behaviors showed two underlying correlated factors. The first factor was the use of the body to clean food. The second factor was the use of the environment to clean food. Two groups of squirrel monkeys, one without previous learners and one with previous learners, were subjects in a fishing study. The presence of previous learners in the social group was not significant for monkeys fishing in water filled crocks. But there was a significant difference in the number of fishing attempts made by the No Previous Learners Group when fishing in wading pools. The Previous Learners group did not make significantly more fishing attempts fishing in wading pools than in crocks. A significant difference was observed in fishing attempts during Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the wading pool experiment for both groups. All monkeys in the group fishing experiments ate fish when it could be obtained. Monkeys who did not learn to fish successfully learned alternative behaviors to obtain fish. The Previous Learners group in the wading pool experiment were subjects in a more difficult fishing test. Significantly fewer fishing attempts were made but the number of monkeys that caught fish was larger. Caged squirrel monkeys scored a lower percentage of fishing attempts than squirrel monkeys living in a social group. While Cebus monkeys caught fish, unlike squirrel monkeys, they did not attempt to eat them.
20
Bloomstrand, Mollie Anne. "An analysis of feeding enrichment for captive chimpanzees." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33622.
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Premat, Adriana. "Feeding the self and cultivating identities in Havana, Cuba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ33504.pdf.
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22
Price, Mya Oneisha. "Feeding the Soul: Voices of Kentucky Women Combating Child Hunger." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/37.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study addresses the overarching topic of food insecurity by giving voice to individuals who are dedicating their careers toward combating child food insecurity throughout their communities. Voices are uplifted through the representation of narratives by volunteer coordinators overseeing child feeding programs, which have been established throughout Kentucky as an effort to help alleviate child hunger. This study is guided by London’s theory on career motivation, with the outcomes of this study serving as a pilot for future research centered around individuals working to combat child food insecurity. The narratives collected from this study will be used as a resource for generating public conversation, spreading awareness, and to “tell the story” in regards to child hunger across Kentucky.
23
Gibson, Kate Shirley. "Feeding the middle classes : taste, classed identity and domestic food practices." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis develops the insight that 'good' taste is associated with middle-class lifestyles (Bourdieu 2010 [1984]) by examining the classed links between food and the performance of identities. I focus on middle-class food practices to explore social meanings relating to the ways in which food choices reproduce class distinction. Engaging in a critical dialogue with Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, capital, practice, and field, I trace the complex ways in which class and identity are connected to everyday practices of domestic food consumption and provisioning. Based on research with twenty-seven participants in the North East of England, I draw on data generated from mixed methods: semi-structured interviews, food biographies, participant photographs, and exploration of participant homes. In doing so, I produce original empirical findings which extend and complicate sociological debates about class. A central finding is that food practices are played out through classed ideas about individuality, diversity, and authenticity. The processes by which food comes to be domesticated emerged as significant: worthy of continual investment and active personal involvement. This entailed marking boundaries around the individuated self, especially in relation to, and working against, mass consumption. However, probing the minutiae of practices in the intimate space of the home highlighted that while distinction was enacted through social distance from the imagined mass consumer, participants collectively reproduced middle-class food choices and practices. They attached value to similar foods and modes of provisioning and displayed a strategic disposition to accrue and reproduce shared food knowledges. Few studies have explored the subtle ways in which middle-class domestic food practices act as classed social markers. In addressing this gap, I offer a new understanding of a hitherto undertheorized dimension of middle-class reproduction. Through my specific focus on middle-class participants and the middle-class habitus, these findings make visible the classed relationships around valued food practices, which otherwise are naturalised as intrinsically legitimate. By marking themselves as knowledgeable and active consumers, participant narratives reproduce a rhetoric of individual choice which can pathologise others as actively making the wrong food decisions. The findings help problematize these narratives by offering a nuanced critique of the social distinctions participants both rely on and reproduce.
24
Chaneton, Enrique Jose. "Herbivore-mediated plant interactions in grassland food webs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314368.
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Demonteil, Lauriane. "Development of food texture acceptance during early childhood : relationships with oral feeding behaviour and early food experience." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail de thèse a pour objectifs de caractériser quels types de textures sont acceptés à un âge donné entre 4 et 36 mois et d’identifier quels sont les facteurs (caractéristiques de enfants, leurs capacités orales et les pratiques maternelles d’alimentation) contribuant à l’acceptabilité des textures en France. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, une enquête transversale à destination de mères ayant des enfants âgés entre 4 et 36 mois (n=3079 réponses analysées) mesurant l’acceptabilité déclarée, ainsi qu’un suivi longitudinal d’enfants âgés entre 6 et 18 mois (n=49) mesurant l’acceptabilité réelle ont été conduits. Les résultats de l’enquête qui couvrait une large gamme de textures montrent que pendant la première année les enfants sont principalement exposés à des aliments sous forme de purées, alors que les morceaux et les doubles textures (purée avec morceaux) sont introduits après 12 mois. Le développement des compétences orales de l’enfant (nombre de dents, capacité à se nourrir seul) et certaines pratiques maternelles d’alimentation, tel l’âge de diversification et le mode de préparation des aliments, sont associés à une plus grande exposition aux textures alimentaires. L’acceptabilité des aliments de différentes textures est dépendante du développement oral de l’enfant et est fortement associée à l’exposition de l’enfant aux différentes textures. Les résultats de l’étude expérimentale révèlent que la majorité des textures alimentaires proposées lors des séances sont acceptées dès 6 mois. A chaque âge d’étude, l’acceptabilité et les comportements oraux varient suivant les textures ; à partir de 10 mois les enfants ont plus recours à la mastication qu’à la succion. Comme observé dans l’enquête, l’exposition aux différentes textures s’avère le meilleur prédicteur de l’acceptabilité des textures avec l’âge. La prise en compte de ces résultats détaillés pourrait permettre d’établir de nouvelles recommandations concernant l'introduction des textures en France et de développer des produits destinés aux jeunes enfants qui intégreront ces enseignementsThis thesis aimed to characterize which food textures are accepted at a given age between 4 to 36 mo of age, and to identify factors (children’s characteristics, feeding skills and maternal feeding practices) that contribute to food texture acceptance in France. To meet these purposes a cross-sectional survey intended for mothers having children aged between 4 and 36 mo (n=3079 answers analysed) measuring declared acceptance and a prospective longitudinal study with children aged between 6 and 18 mo (n=49) measuring actual acceptance were carried out. Results from the survey, which covered a larger range of food textures, showed that over the first year, infants were mainly exposed to foods in pureed forms, whereas pieces and double textures (e.g. puree with pieces) were introduced after 12 mo. Factors such as the development of feeding skills (number of teeth; ability to eat autonomously) and some maternal feeding practices (age of CF, type of food preparation) were associated with a higher food texture exposure. The acceptance of food with different textures increased steadily up to 3 years, with a sharper increase for soft and hard solid foods from 13-15mo. The acceptance was dependent of the child’s feeding skills readiness, and was strongly associated with the child exposure to food with different textures. Results from the experimental study showed that most of the food textures offered in the study were accepted by children from 6 mo onward. At each studied age, children’s food acceptance and feeding behaviours varied according to the food textures; from 10 mo, chewing predominated over sucking. As found in the survey approach, the food texture exposure was the best predictor of food texture acceptance. Taking into account these detailed results could make it possible to establish new guidelines with regards to food texture introduction in France, and to develop food products for infants and toddlers including these learning
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Edwards, J. S. A. "Military feeding : an evaluation of the nutritional status, food habits and food preferences of the British Army." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804475/.
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Meers, Molly R. "The Assessment of Mindful Food Parenting and Its Relation to Parental Feeding Practices and Child Food Intake." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1383126643.
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Mok, Elise. "Effect of diet textural characteristics on the temporal rhythms of feeding in rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37150.pdf.
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Papaioannou-King, N. K. "Introducing solid food : a developmental study of mothers and their infants." Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1243/.
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McGuirk, Joan Teresa. "Serotonin mediated effects on food intake, feeding body weight and subjective variables." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1992. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/3393/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The motivation for the main body of work presented in this thesis arose from three sources. Initially, the need to develop and test a reliable, portable and unobtrusive method of observing human feeding behaviour in a clinical setting. Secondly, curiosity concerning the serotonergic modulation of feeding. In practice, to examine the effects of the 5-HT reuptake inhibitor and anti-depressant fluoxetine on food intake and choice, body weight and subjective states in both non-depressed normal-weight and obese subjects. The third and final impetus arose from the observation that, in rats, the expression of meal-induced satiety offered a background against which to examine the possible mechanisms underlying the effects of acute and chronic administration of serotonergic agents on consummatory and behavioural functioning.
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Kinser, Amber E. "Fixing Food to Fix Families: Feeding Risk Discourse and the Family Meal." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1235.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines mothering rhetorics as they relate to feeding the family. The analysis is grounded in public, popular, and institutional texts about family meals and focus-group data from 31 mothers talking about their experiences and perceptions of family meals. The author demonstrates how family meal discourses work as a reproducing rhetoric that moralizes maternal feeding work. The author argues that family meal discourse is problematic because it obscures the ways in which it is mother-targeted and mother-blaming; suppresses maternal voice and misrepresents family food labor; and regulates maternal activity, and thus identity.
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Einarsson, A. "Use of space in relation to food in Icelandic Barrow's goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383593.
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Shabir, Saima. "Endogenous opioid receptors and peptides : involvement in food intake and reward processes." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312581.
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Jarvandi, Soghra. "Learning processes in food intake." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111915.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Learning processes play a major role in controlling intake of food. Through repeated experiences an animal acquires the ability to predict the postingestive effects of a particular food (i.e., of its nutrients and energy) from its sensory characteristics. What is unclear from the literature, however, is whether an animal can anticipate the duration of subsequent food deprivation from predictive sensory qualities of a food, and hence increase the amount eaten of that cueing food. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the characteristics of this under-researched type of learning, i.e., anticipatory eating, using laboratory rats trained on two lengths of fasting (short: 2-3 h, long: 8-10 h). The main findings were as follows. 1) Anticipatory eating is learnt when a choice is given between protein- and carbohydrate-rich foods as well as on a single balanced test food. 2) The learnt extra intake of food is instrumental to preventing the return of hunger, removal of which negative reinforcement extinguishes the response. 3) The resulting return of hunger induces re-learning of anticipatory eating. 4) During the training sessions, learning of anticipatory eating competes with classical conditioning of sensory preference. Conditioning of preference is likely to be stronger with the shorter than with the longer length of fasting. Therefore, the difference between intakes before the long and the short fast at each trial is the summed result of these two mechanisms of acquired increase in intake. While preference conditioning usually reaches a maximum rapidly, depletion-avoidance increases for as long as has been tested, with interruptions of rapid self-extinction and re-learning, This self-extinction contributes to the homeostatic character of this learning. 5) High-fat maintenance diet attenuates the learning of anticipatory eating. Overall, the findings provided robust evidence that eating in rats can be controlled by instrumental learning reinforced by hunger. Accordingly, the design of an experiment on such instrumental control of eating in human subjects is proposed to conclude this thesis.
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Stojanovska, Clara 1971. "The feeding entrainable system of the herbivorous rabbit, oryctolagus cuniculus." Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry & Psychological Medicine, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8512.
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Rioux, Camille. "Feeding the mind : the development of food categories and its association with food neophobia and pickiness in young children." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0351/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La néophobie et la sélectivité alimentaire des jeunes enfants ont des conséquences préoccupantes sur la santé notamment parce qu’elles concernent les fruits et les légumes. Il est donc essentiel de promouvoir l’adoption de comportements alimentaires sains chez le jeune enfant. Dans ce contexte, le premier objectif de la thèse était de développer un questionnaire pour mesurer efficacement la néophobie et la sélectivité alimentaire chez les enfants français dès l'âge de 2 ans. Le questionnaire développé dans cette thèse est un outil efficace pour étudier les rejets chez cette population. Le deuxième objectif était de mieux définir le concept de sélectivité alimentaire et d’étudier la relation entre néophobie et sélectivité. Les résultats ont montré que la néophobie et la sélectivité capturent un même type de peur pour les aliments nouveaux et potentiellement toxiques. Le troisième objectif était d'étudier directement la relation entre le développement de la catégorisation des aliments chez les jeunes enfants et leur niveau de néophobie et sélectivité alimentaire. Les résultats ont montré des liens négatifs entre développement cognitif et rejets alimentaires. L'acceptation des aliments dépend probablement de la maturité du système de catégorisation alimentaire. Enfin, le quatrième objectif était de concevoir une intervention, en exploitant les données empiriques sur la relation entre développement cognitif et rejets alimentaires, afin d'influencer positivement ces derniers chez les enfants. Les résultats montrent que l'exposition visuelle est efficace pour diminuer les comportements de rejets alimentairesFood neophobia and pickiness in young children are two strong barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption. It is therefore essential to understand the mechanisms underpinning these two kinds of food rejections to promote the adoption of healthy eating behaviors among preschoolers. In this context, the first objective of the thesis was to develop a hetero-assessment scale to measure efficiently food neophobia and pickiness for French children as young as 2 years of age. The scale developed represents an efficient tool for studying food rejection dispositions in this young population. The second objective was to clarify the concept of pickiness and to provide an insight into the relationship between food neophobia and pickiness. The results revealed that food neophobia and pickiness capture a same kind of fear for new and potentially toxic food. The third objective was to directly investigate the relationship between food categorization development in young children and their food neophobia and pickiness. The thesis is one of the first studies to investigate directly this relationship.This investigation revealed negative connections between cognitive development and food rejection dispositions. Food acceptance probably depends on the maturity of the food categorization system. Finally, the fourth objective was to design an intervention, exploiting the empirical evidence on the relationship between food categorization and food rejections, to positively influence children food rejections. The results add to the promising body of evidence that visual exposure is effective to decrease food rejection behaviors
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McKenzie, Emma Lee. "Evaluation of a parent implemented intervention for food selectivity in children with autism." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences Centre, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food selectivity is a common problem in many children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). While research into this area is beginning to develop, there are currently few studies investigating the use of parent-implemented interventions within this population. The present study aimed to teach parents to implement multi-component behavioural interventions at home to ameliorate the food selectivity of their children. The study also aimed to show that these interventions could increase children’s preference for previously nonpreferred foods. Five children and their parents participated. The interventions delivered to the children were tailored to meet their needs and to fit within the context of their families. Each of these interventions was composed of antecedent, positive reinforcement and escape extinction strategies. Parents recorded their children’s food acceptance and disruptive behaviours during each intervention session. In addition, preference assessments were conducted in order to track changes in the children’s preferences for the target foods. The results showed that all of the parents were able to introduce at least one new food to their children’s diets during the intervention. Further, four of the five children showed an improvement in their preference for the targeted foods. These results were maintained at follow-up, although two of the children had only maintained some of the foods that had been introduced. All of the parents reported that their children consumed more foods at follow-up than they had during baseline and indicated that they thought the interventions had been effective. These results indicate that parents are able to implement multi-component behavioural interventions to increase the range of foods in their children’s diets and improve their children’s preference for these foods.
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Jackson, Kim T. "Exploring the restrictive feeding phenomenon and the potential impact on child food preferences." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122921/1/Kim_Jackson_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parenting practices used to restrict children's consumption of palatable foods like lollies and chips have been implicated as contributing to obesity, but there is limited knowledge of the nature and dimensions of this phenomenon. Using a mixed methods approach, key dimensions were identified and a conceptual framework developed to improve future measurement of this phenomenon. Key dimensions included: variability in mothers' restrictive feeding intentions towards different foods and drinks; low restriction associated with higher child liking for sweet foods; mothers' communicating restricted foods as "treats"; and mothers own liking for restricted foods associated with higher child access and liking.
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Hoey, Leane. "Influence of soya-milk feeding on the human infant gut microflora." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273788.
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Lacy, Michael Pennington. "Peripheral regulation of food intake in the domestic fowl." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Four studies were performed to examine peripheral factors involved with food intake regulation in the domestic fowl. In the first study, the mechanism by which tryptophan depresses food intake was clarified. Intraperitoneal injections of tryptophan methyl ester were demonstrated to inhibit feeding in Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) cockerels. Intragastric intubations of tryptophan inhibited food intake and decreased body temperature of SCWL cockerels. These results, in conjunction with previous findings, indicate that tryptophan's inhibitory influence on food intake is peripherally rather than centrally based. The second study explored the role of the duodenum in food intake regulation. Intraduodenal glucose loads had no effect on food intake of SCWL or Rock Cornish (RC) commercial broiler cockerels. In addition, splanchnicectomized birds did not respond to intraduodenal glucose infusions any differently than sham-operated controls. Apparently, the duodenum does not play a significant role in food intake control in the fowl. Hepatic involvement in appetite regulation was examined in SCWL and RC cockerels in the third study. Amino acid solutions failed to influence food intake when infused intraportally in either strain of chicken. Relatively small glucose or lipid solutions depressed food intake significantly when infused intraportally in the SCWL birds but had no effect in the RC cockerels. The liver appears to be integrally involved in controlling food consumption in the SCWL chicken. In the final study, the existence of a "hunger" factor in the peripheral circulation of two lines of chickens divergently selected for body weight was explored. Intrahepatic infusions of plasma from food deprived high-weight line chickens stimulated food intake of sated low-weight line chickens.
These studies indicate that peripheral mechanisms are important in regulating appetite in light-breed chickens such as the SCWL, however, such mechanisms in heavy-breed chickens such as the RC appear to be less sensitive. This desensitization in heavy-breed chickens suggests that genetic selection for increased growth has affected the food intake control systems.Ph. D.
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Boycher, Brandon Ray. "A system and unit design for food distribution during a disaster recovery." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/BOYCHER_BRANDON_44.pdf.
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Fotheringham, James R. "Starlings working for food in a closed economy : empirical studies of feeding regulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297533.
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Osman, Nawal. "Assessment of aflatoxin contamination in infant food supplements used in different feeding patterns." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804386/.
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Krizo, Jessica Ann. "Regulation of Food Anticipatory Activity." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1470307781.
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Eduardo, Gomez-Cornejo. "Feeding behavior of Nucella emarginata (Gastropoda : Thaididae) when preying on mussels." Thesis, Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1989, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9806.
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Parillon, Nicola Ann. "Sensory cues and food choice in the Yakushima Macaque." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20906717.
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Aldridge, Victoria. "Characterisation of paediatric feeding disorders and the underlying factors implicated in their development and maintenance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Feeding disorders are psychological conditions that occur during infancy and early childhood, and result in insufficient intake of foods. Existing feeding disorder research identifies a raft of factors associated with predisposition, development and maintenance of feeding disorders, as well as a multitude of potential outcomes for the child and the system around them. However, neither feeding disorders nor their aetiological bases are well defined or uniformly applied in general, academic or clinical domains. Furthermore, the relationships and differences between observable characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and problem perceptions, and the bearing of these on disorder identification and treatment, are under-researched. The numerous definitions and profiles for feeding disorders make comprehension and knowledge gathering very difficult for caregivers and researchers, and thus hinder research and clinical progression in the field. The overarching aim of this thesis was to examine and characterise paediatric feeding disorders. The objective was to characterise and triangulate what feeding disorders are in terms of observable appearance, external perception, and psychometric properties, and better understand what constitutes a feeding disorder from multiple relevant perspectives. A mixed methods approach was taken to the collection and analysis of data, to obtain both depth and breadth of information. The results of the current thesis suggest that feeding disorders are characterised by a variety of behaviours and features within a biopsychosocial model. While physical models of feeding disorders are outdated, the potential for underlying physical contributing factors and resultant physical outcomes was highlighted throughout the current research and should not be ignored. However, overreliance on physicality, under-recognition of psychological processes, and consequent deficits to disorder identification within clinical settings, was also illustrated within the research. Furthermore, significant issues were raised regarding the lack of a consistent and inclusive model of feeding problems and disorders within healthcare systems. Though most clinicians saw feeding on a scale from normal to abnormal and frequently emphasised the value of early identification and treatment, the referral and treatment pathways that were discussed whereby only the most severe or physically affected children were treated, were not consistent with these models. Interviews with mothers highlighted the role of intrinsic child factors within the development of disordered feeding, including challenging behavioural characteristics, sensory sensitivities, difficult temperament, and lack of feeding motivation or avoidance of new foods. The importance of these child factors was supported by psychometric assessment, which identified distinct patterns of child characteristics associated with different types of problematic or disordered feeding, and a strong association between disordered feeding and the parent perception of having a difficult child. Furthermore, video observations of child mealtimes highlighted not only disparity in the amount of food eaten between disordered and non-disordered children, but a considerable deficit in the level of interest, motivation, and engagement with feeding shown by disordered children. Deficits to child feeding motivation pose a problem for parents that is less obvious than extreme emotional reactions, but which can be equally distressing for the parent who views nourishing their child as one of their major responsibilities. This point was reinforced across parent interviews and mealtime observations, and should be a key factor in the identification of families in need of support and intervention. Parent interviews, healthcare professional interviews, and psychometric assessment, all highlighted the considerable presence and role of parent anxiety within feeding disorder development. Parent anxiety was discussed as a potential cause and an outcome of challenging feeding behaviour, exacerbated by the perceived extent of the child s feeding condition and the dearth of support and information about dealing with significant feeding issues. Anxiety was seen by parents and healthcare professionals to influence the feeding strategies used by parents, and without intervention to contribute to a downward spiral of negative feeding interactions. Disordered feeding was also seen to interfere with social interactions, which would otherwise play an important role in the child s feeding and dietary development, and provide social support and guidance for parents. These patterns of problem and disorder perpetuation are liable to persist while general and clinical understanding of feeding disorders is minimal and inconsistent. The findings of the current thesis pose a great variety of potential influences and risk factors for feeding disorder development, supporting an individualistic approach to disorder identification and intervention, and the need for a significant change in the current systems for dealing with feeding disorders. It is essential to take each of the different components into consideration to understand the specific mechanisms underpinning the maintenance of the feeding disorder and aid selection of the most suitable and efficient approach to intervention. The pattern of factors implicated in each individual feeding disorder case will be differentiated according to the child, the parent and the child s general environment. Identification of the full range of children in need of support and intervention is reliant on recognition of the diversity in disorder type, severity and presentation.
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Powell, Faye. "Family environmental influences on food avoidant eating behaviour during early childhood : a longitudinal and observational study." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12554.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A prospective, longitudinal and observational study, using a non-clinical population of mother-child dyads was conducted to evaluate the contribution of family-environmental factors in predicting child food avoidance and feeding problems across early childhood. The contribution of maternal feeding practices, mealtime structure and interactional behaviour during mealtimes, were explored in predicting child food avoidance between 2 and 5 years, whilst also evaluating the role of maternal psychopathology and child temperament. This thesis also assessed the validity of maternal reports of child eating behaviour and feeding practices by obtaining independent observations of these constructs, and explored the longitudinal stability and continuity of both independent observations and maternal reports of child eating behaviour and maternal feeding practices. Concurrently and prospectively, observations of mothers eating with their child, displaying high sensitivity, low control, and more positive emotion and verbalisation during mealtimes predicted less avoidant child eating behaviour. Reports of mothers providing a healthy food-related home environment, encouraging balanced food intake, and involving their child in food planning, in addition to a less emotional child temperament, were also significant longitudinal predictors of less avoidant child eating behaviour. Maternal descriptions of their child s eating behaviour were validated by independent observations; however maternal descriptions of their own feeding practices were not. Child eating behaviour and maternal feeding practices were predominantly stable and continuous across early childhood, with the exception of child difficulty to feed and maternal pressure to eat which decreased between the ages of 3 and 4. This thesis demonstrates many interesting and novel findings but primarily through the utilisation of observational and longitudinal data it demonstrates the important causal contribution of family-environmental factors in the development of food avoidant eating behaviours during early childhood.
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Tembo, Moment. "The outcome and impact evaluation of Concern Worldwide community feeding program in Nyanga Distrcit, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is an outcome and impact evaluation of Concern Worldwide (CW) community feeding program. Concern Worldwide conducted a community feeding program in Nyanga District in 2012. It was responding to the National Food Report (2011) issued by the government on the food shortages in Nyanga District. The feeding program supported Nyanga communities with nutritional supplements and food provisions to households. The goal of Concern Worldwide was to address the problems of hunger, household food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty which were affecting people in Nyanga. Four evaluation questions about program outcomes were used as a framework for the evaluation and included: How feasible are livelihood feeding schemes as methods of providing food safety net?; How are short-term emergency programmes converted into long term benefits for communities?; What are the interventions available in the program to ensure fulfilment of goals and community empowerment?; What lessons can be derived from the projects that can be used in future by Concern Worldwide and other NGOs involved in emergency and other developmental projects? For the purposes of the study three data sources were consulted. These included program documents, CW officials and beneficiaries. Data collection methods used included face to face interviews and both closed and open ended questionnaires. The qualitative data was analysed through content analysis and presented graphically and descriptively. The findings showed that the community feeding program made some impact through food provisions and agriculture inputs to the beneficiaries which was highly regarded and appreciated. It also managed to provide training on drought resistant crop farming and management of harvests. Monitoring and evaluation of the feeding program was identified as a critical tool in creating efficiency and accountability of the program. Although training was provided to all the beneficiaries, not all were directly involved in the daily routine activities of the program a goal that is not achievable in the context of community feeding program.
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Lindsey, Peter Andrew. "The feeding ecology and habitat use of the aardvark (Orycteropus afer)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29491.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The seasonal diet, feeding patterns, feeding selection and habitat selectivity of the aardvark were determined during summer and winter at Tussen die Riviere Nature Reserve in the southern Free State. Pitfall trapping, dig sampling and quadrat sampling were used to determine the resource base of three habitats in the summer and winter of 1998. A total of 44 ant species of 5 sub families and 17 genera, and two termite species of two sub families were recorded. Pitfall trapping was the most successful technique, followed by quadrat sampling (51.1%) and finally, dig sampling (48.8%). Abundance and diversity was higher during summer than winter. Monomorium albopilosum was the most abundant species in all habitats in winter, whilst Anoplolepis custodiens was the most abundant in summer. The grassland habitat yielded the highest abundance and diversity, followed by the steep slope and riverine areas. Seasonal diet and foraging patterns were determined through faecal analysis and observation of four habituated aardvarks. The Formicidae were more important than the Isoptera in both seasons. The feeding of the aardvark was highly selective, only 28.8% of the available species having been utilised. Prey selection was found to be most highly correlated with prey size, prey abundance, prey mobility, and prey calorific value. Aardvarks were highly selective in their habitat utilisation. The vast majority of feeds were made in the grassland areas where prey abundance was greatest, compared to negligible numbers of prey in the rocky steep slopes and no prey in the riverine areas due to periodic flooding.Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Tropical Diseases)--University of Pretoria, 1999.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
unrestricted