Дисертації з теми "Fonction masse"
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L'Homme, Denis. "La fonction de luminosité et la fonction de masse initiale de l'amas d'étoiles S247D." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ56755.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMourmoura, Evangelia. "Les effets de l'augmentation de la masse adipeuse sur la fonction cardiovasculaire ex vivo en fonction du stress oxydant et de la fonction mitochondriale : rôle du vieillissement du régime alimentaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870794.
Повний текст джерелаDelfosse, Xavier. "Naines brunes et étoiles de très faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10189.
Повний текст джерелаSabas, Virginie. "Apport d'Hipparcos à l'étude des étoiles A du voisinage solaire : cinématique et fonction de masse initiale." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1997. https://hal.science/tel-02095468.
Повний текст джерелаThe Galactic disk complexity is well traced by kinematical properties and photometrical distributions of young stars. The very peculiar kinematics of these stars brought attention since the last century (Proctor, 1869). On and after 1963, Eggen showed the existence of kinematical groups. Gomez et al. (1990) suggested that they come from starbursts. Their existence allows us to constraint the galactic mixing time. To modelize a given stars distribution one needs to know the Initial mass Function (IMF) and the Stellar Formation Rate (SFR). Until now, a Mass-Luminosity relation was needed, which is non univocal for this type of stars and therefore very uncertain. But now, for the first time, we can benefit the Hipparcos datas for these studies : the Hipparcos astrometric satellite observed 11 800 stars on the whole during 4 years. The good accuracy of positions, parallaxes and proper motions together with the completeness of data allows us to get a new insight into galactical dynamics. In this work, we use a B5-F5 stars sample with apparent magnitude V ≤ 7. 5 observed by Hipparcos. We first describe the acquisition of ground-based complementary observations : radial velocities, effective temperatures, absolute magnitude and the determination of masses and ages. This sample is used to study the kinematics of the hot stars of the solar neighborhood. We confirm the existence of Eggen’s groups and find a range of ages for each of them, giving hints that these groups come from successive clusters formed in one Giant Molecular Cloud. We confirm that the stars are not well mixed after about 10 galactic years. Finally, we estimate the solar motion to be of (11. 5, 14. 1, 8. 6) km/s. In the last part, we determine the slope of the IMF between and solar mass, assuming a constant SFR. We obtain 0. 95 +/- 0. 17, lower than the reference values (Salpeter1955, Scalo 1986), but in good agreement with more recent determinations concerning the whole mass range
Delfosse, Xavier. "Naines brunes et étoiles de très faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686419.
Повний текст джерелаBarat, Pascal. "Activité et réactivité de l'axe corticotrope en fonction de la distribution de la masse grasse dans l'obésité." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21395.
Повний текст джерелаAdipose tissue is an endocrine tissue involved in the glucocorticoids metabolism. We performed two clinical studies in premenopausal obese women and in prepubertal obese children showing associations between hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis activity and reactivity and fat mass distribution, indepently of the degree of obesity. The study of glucocorticoid receptor gene and cortisol binding globulin gene polymorphisms showed their potential role as modulator in some of these associations. In Zucker rat, androgens tonically increase 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in liver and adipose tissue in male rats, and are required for the dysregulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in obesity
Baillot, Nadège. "Distribution de la masse individuelle du grain de blé tendre : analyse de la variabilité de la masse en fonction de la position au sein de l'épi." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC071.
Повний текст джерелаAs the increase in cultivated areas can only be limited, increasing yield is the main way to meet the growing demand for wheat production. Part of this increase may come from the selection of more efficient varieties. They will have to be able to maintain a high level of performance in more unfavourable conditions related to global change. Thousand grain weight is one of the main yield components. It is estimated at the plot scale and represents the average value of a large number of grains. However, there is a large variability in the individual mass of the grains according to their position within the ear. Observing only average values could hide a source of genetic variability that would allow breeding for wheat varieties better adapted to the new climatic constraints imposed by global change. The objective of this work is therefore to identify the ecophysiological determinism of the variability of the individual grain mass as a function of their position within the ear.This study is based on two experiments: the first, conducted in the field at two levels of nitrogen fertilization in 2014, allowed to characterize the mass distribution, to define a methodology for studying this distribution, and to identify contrasting genotypes in order to give a generic character to the results obtained. Two varieties were chosen to test in the second experimentation under controlled conditions, several hypotheses that could be at the origin of the variability of the final dry mass of the grains.Results showed a parabolic distribution of final dry mass of the grains along the ear. Moreover, the proximal grains were heavier than the distal grains within a spikelet. The ablation of spikelets did not highlight physical constraints between spikelets that could explain the variability in final dry matter of the grains. The delay in flowering dates and the duration of grain filling did not seem to explain the variability observed. Similarly, no correlation between the size of ovaries at flowering and the final dry mass of the grains was showed. The differences in final dry mass observed along the ear was finally related to differences in grain growth rate. This work highlighted differences in sink strength within the ear, and enabled to identify parameters that could affect these differences. We hypothesize that the allocation of assimilates between grains is the emerging property of relative sink strength that would express themselves differently between spikelets and between grains of the same spikelet. The next step after this work would therefore be to validate this hypothesis, and to determine all the parameters influencing the final dry mass in order to define, test and validate rules for the allocation of carbon within the grain according to its position in the ear. The underlying objective is to create a mechanistic and dynamic model capable of simulating the impacts of environmental and genetic factors on individual grain dry mass
Vuillemin, Anne. "Quantification de l'activité physique passée : mesure et rôle pronostique sur l'état de santé (masse osseuse et fonction musculaire)." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0273_VUILLEMIN.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCourty, Emilie. "Adaptation de fonction et de masse des cellules bêta pancréatiques dans un modèle d'insulinorésistance induite par les glucocorticoïdes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS035.
Повний текст джерелаType 1 and type 2 diabetes are characterized by an insufficient insulin secretion and a decrease of beta cell mass. Regenerate a functional beta cell mass is a therapeutic issue in the treatment of diabetes. In this context we search to identify factors and mechanisms for increasing beta cell mass. We investigated mechanisms of beta cell plasticity in a context of insulin resistance.In a mouse model of insulin resistance caused by chronic administration of glucocorticoids, we demonstrated an adaptation of beta cell function by an important increase of insulin secretion. Interestingly, a continuous and progressive increase in the mass of beta cells by proliferation but especially by neogenesis of beta cells was observed.Although beta cell neogenesis has been described in other mouse models as a process recapitulating the fetal differentiation program deriving from ductal cells labeled with Sox9 expression and re-expressing Ngn3, our endocrine lineage model revealed that neoformed beta cells do not derive from Sox9 or Ngn3 cells. Inactivation of the glucocorticoid (GR) receptor in the pancreas does not alter pancreatic adaptation by neogenesis in our model of hypercorticism, suggesting an indirect effect of GCs on beta cell neogenesis. This hypothesis could be confirmed by demonstrating the presence in the serum of CORT mice of a factor able to stimulate neogenesis of beta cells in vitro. Finally, after complete depletion of beta cells, GC administration allows a partial restoration of the beta cells mass by neogenesis.Our results provide evidence of an active and induced beta-cell neogenesis in the adult pancreas of insulin-resistant mice. This pancreatic adaptation results from an inter-organ adaptive communication and the identification of the pro-neogenic factor represents a therapeutic track for pathologies related to endocrine pancreas deficiencies
Burgess, Andrew. "Exploration de la fonction de faible masse initiale dans les amas jeunes et les r ´egions de formation stellaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576460.
Повний текст джерелаLodieu, Nicolas. "Recherches d'étoiles de faible masse et de naines brunes : voisinage solaire et amas d'âge intermédiaire Alpha Per et Collinder 359." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30091.
Повний текст джерелаWe describe results for surveys for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, including older ones in the nearby field and younger ones in more distant clusters. First, we present the outcome of a proper motion survey aimed at finding some of the nearest and coolest neighbours to the Sun. We have uncovered numerous ultracool dwarfs within 50 parsecs, including the closest brown dwarf binary. Second, we focus on the substellar mass function in young open clusters. We have carried out a wide-field near-infrared survey of a 0. 7 square degree region in the Alpha Per cluster, yielding new member candidates, including several brown dwarfs. We have also conducted an optical survey of a 1. 6 square degree area in Collinder 359. New bona-fide members have been extracted from solar mass stars to brown dwarfs, yielding a revised distance and age for the cluster. The derived mass function continues rising into the substellar regime with a slope flatter than that estimated for Pleiades-like clusters
Lee, Yueh-Ning. "Formation and fragmentation of stellar proto-clusters." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC152/document.
Повний текст джерелаStars are building blocks of the Universe. They emit energy in form of light and make the material in the night sky visible. They are the elementary constituents of galaxies, determining their evolution and dynamics. On the other hand, stars are the hosts o planetary systems. The debris disc around a new-born star eventually cools down and form planets. The characteristic of the planetary system, essentially the mass of the central star, plays a major role in the formation of living being on planets. The formation of stars often occur in a clusters manner, and one of the important issues constantly under debate is the distribution of the mass of newly-born stars. This thesis is aimed to understand the Initial Mass Function which seems to be universal among different environments.This manuscripts comprises two introductory chapters on the physics of star formation and the numerical methods, respectively. Three following chapters present the projets carried out during the thesis: formation of proto-clusters, effects of initial condition in the molecular cloud, and the formation of prestellar cores from filament fragmentation, all followed by published journal articles. The last chapter concludes the manuscript and discuss the perspectives
Bertin, Gwladys. "Etude différentielle des protéines membranaires exprimées à la surface de l'hématie infectée par Plasmodium falciparum, en fonction de la symptomatologie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P635/document.
Повний текст джерелаPlasmodium falciparum is responsible for severe malaria (cerebral malaria, CM and pregnancy associated malaria, PAM). During the intra-erythrocytic maturation of P. falciparum, parasite-derived proteins are expressed, exported and presented at the surface of the infected erythrocyte (iE) membrane. These include Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1 (PfEMP-1). PfEMP-1 is a highly polymorphic adherence receptor, variants of which have been assigned to four groups (A-E) based on their sequence homology. Semi-conserved types, defined by tandem runs of specific domains (“domain cassettes” (DC)), are also recognized. The PfEMP-1 type expressed determines the iE adherence phenotype, and is associated with the clinical outcome of infection. Parasite isolates from Beninese children or women presenting with, respectively, CM or PAM were collected along with samples from patients with uncomplicated malaria (UM). We assessed the transcript level of var genes by RT-qPCR and the expression of membrane and hypothetical proteins of Plasmodium by LC-MS/MS. Obtaining LC-MS/MS data enabled a comparison of hypothetical and membrane proteome samples from PAM and CM for comparison with UM samples. The proteomics-based identification of PfEMP-1 showed the expression of a particular PfEMP-1, VAR2CSA, in PAM isolates. These results corroborate the analysis of gene transcripts showing that var2csa is overexpressed in PAM, with transcripts found in isolates from infections both early and late in pregnancy. The PfEMP-1 variants identified in CM samples were predominantly from the Ups groups A and B/A, and most of the peptides identified by LC-MS/MS were associated with the DC8 cassette for which the transcripts were also overexpressed. Analysis using filter-based feature selection identified subsets of 13 and 14 proteins, assigned either as hypothetical or membrane proteins that were predictive of PAM and CM syndromes respectively. The presence of VAR2CSA amongst the proteins overexpressed in PAM samples validates the analytical approach. PFI1785w has previously been identified and associated with the PAM, whilst four other proteins, PFB0115w, PFF0325c, PFA_0410w and PF14_0018, appear to be also predictive of the syndrome. PfEMP-2 protein and antigen-332 were found to be specifically expressed in CM samples. Three other proteins, assigned as ‘exported’ but with unknown function, were also associated with CM samples. Obtaining and analyzing LC-MS/MS-derived data from protein extracts of field isolates represents the originality of this work and it allowed the identification of correlations between clinical and biological data. This study confirms the transcriptional data relating to the var gene family and provides evidence of new protein interactions in the context both of malaria associated with pregnancy and of cerebral malaria
Vurpillot, François. "Étude de la fonction de transfert pointe-image de la sonde atomique tomographique." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES033.
Повний текст джерелаMok, Elise. "Effet de la prise orale de glutamine sur la fonction et la masse musculaire dans la dystrophie de Duchenne de Boulogne." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT1402.
Повний текст джерелаZhou, Honggang. "Mesure et modélisation de la masse volumique et de la viscosité d'hydrocarbures et de leurs mélanges en fonction de la pression." Pau, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU3005.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Fenghai. "Variable spatiale de la matière organique dissoute en fonction de la masse moléculaire nominale dans les eaux de la rivière Saguenay /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Повний текст джерелаZhou, Honggang. "Mesure et modélisation de la masse volumique et de la viscosité d'hydrocarbures et de leurs mélanges en fonction de la pression." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619388t.
Повний текст джерелаDelorme, Philippe. "Les naines brunes dans les relevés grand champ." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351010.
Повний текст джерелаSouilhol, Céline. "Analyse de la fonction du gène Notchless murin et de son implication dans la régulation de la voie Notch." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066093.
Повний текст джерелаChamberland-Chanteloube, Valérie. "Etude par mutagenèse dirigée de la relation entre la structure de la mésentéricine Y105 et sa fonction bactéricide à l'encontre de Listeria." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0034.
Повний текст джерелаGarnier, Aurélie. "Dynamiques neuro-gliales locales et réseaux complexes pour l'étude de la relation entre structure et fonction cérébrales." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066562/document.
Повний текст джерелаA current issue in neuroscience is to elaborate computational models that are able to reproduce experimental data recorded with various imaging methods, and allowing us to study the relationship between structure and function in the human brain. The modeling objectives of this work are two scales and the model analysis need the development of specific theoretical and numerical tools. At the local scale, we propose a new ordinary differential equations model generating neuronal activities. We characterize and classify the behaviors the model can generate, we compare the model outputs to experimental data and we identify the dynamical structures of the neural compartment underlying the generation of pathological patterns. We then extend this approach to a new neuro-glial mass model: a bilateral coupling between the neural compartment and a new one modeling the impact of astrocytes on neurotransmitter concentrations and the feedback of these concentrations on neural activity is developed. We obtain a theoretical characterization of these feedbacks impact on neuronal excitability by formalizing the variation of a bifurcation value as a problem of optimization under constraint. Finally, we propose a network model, which node dynamics are based on the local neuro-glial mass model, embedding a neuronal coupling and a glial one. We numerically observe the differential propagations of information according to each of these coupling types and their cumulated impact, we highlight qualitatively distinct patterns of neural and glial activities of each node, and link the transitions between behaviors with the dynamical structures identified in the local models
Riveline, Jean-Pierre. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la programmation fœtale de la masse et de la fonction des cellules β pancréatiques par les glucocorticoïdes : implication de PGC-1α et de la sérotonine". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066241.
Повний текст джерелаThe etiology of type 2 diabetes is complex. This disease may be programmed during fetal life through an impairment of β cells. We previously identified glucocorticoids (GCs) as actors of this fetal programming since we showed that these hormones inhibit β-cell development. Our work has focused on two aspects of GCs signaling: 1) the role of a GCs receptor (GR) transcriptional co-regulator, PGC-1α and 2) the consequences of the GR invalidation in pancreatic precursor cells. We first showed that the GR co-regulator, PGC-1α was stimulated by GCs in the β cells, that its overexpression represses crucia genes for β-cell development and function, including Pdx1, a transcription factor of insulin through binding of a GR/PGC-1α complex to the Pdx1 promoter. Mice overexpressing PGC-1α in β cells exhibited at adult age impaired glucose tolerance associated with reduced insulin secretion and decreased β-cell mass. PGC-1α expression in fetal life only was sufficient to impair adult β-cell function. Then, we explored mice with conditional invalidation of GR in pancreatic precursors (GRPdxCre) that present a phenotype characterized by a doubled β-cell mass and β-cell dysfunction. Transcriptome analysis of the islets of these mice showed overexpression of genes encoding TPH1 and 2 (tryptophan hydroxylase), enzymes involved in serotonin synthesis, whose content was increased in the islets of mice GRPdxCre. In contrast, activation of the GCs pathway in β cells in vitro decreased TPH1 and 2 expression and serotonin synthesis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PGC-1α and serotonin contribute to the deleterious effects of GCs on the β cells, especially during fetal programming
Veissier, Valérie. "Etude de la dynamique locale dans les polymeres en masse par declin d'anisotropie de fluorescence." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066063.
Повний текст джерелаGautier, Brice Dupuy Jean-Claude. "Etude de la résolution en profondeur lors de l'analyse par spectrométrie de masse des ions secondaires détermination de la fonction de résolution pour le bore dans le silicium, mise au point d'une procédure de déconvolution et applications /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 1999. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=gautier.
Повний текст джерелаHajj, Cynthia El. "Effet de la vitamine D sur les marqueurs métaboliques et la fonction musculaire : étude chez des sujets libanais âgés, normo-pondéraux ou obèses." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS015.
Повний текст джерелаThe main role of vitamin D is to control the homeostasis of the phosphorus and calcium status of the body. Recent observational studies have shown that vitamin D is also able to regulate insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, thus playing an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In addition, vitamin D has been shown to modulate muscle health. For example, vitamin D deficiency negatively influences muscle mass and muscle function in the elderly. Studies have clearly shown that correcting vitamin D deficiencies improves muscle contractile function and muscle strength in this population. In addition, the level of physical activity decreases with age, that negatively affects muscle mass and contractile function, and leads to weight gain, mainly due to increased body fat. However, studies have found that overweight seniors are characterized by lower blood vitamin D levels, lower muscle mass and strength compared to a reference age population.The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance index, as well as on appendicular muscle mass (ASMM) and muscle strength in normal weight or overweight older people. This work is based on a randomized controlled trial, performed in single blind. In terms of results, we show that vitamin D intake in normal or overweight elderly subjects, characterized by a low vitamin D status, improved short-term fasting glucose and insulin resistance markers. The increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] after supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in fasting insulin levels and in HOMA-IR index. We were able to identify a correlation between low serum concentrations of [25 (OH) D] and a decrease in glucose tolerance and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.Regarding muscle markers, we have shown that vitamin D supplementation has beneficial implications on appendicular muscle mass and fat mass in elderly men and women. However, we found no significant effect on muscle strength. We also found that overweight subjects had a lower serum [25 (OH) D] at baseline. In addition the increase in muscle mass after vitamin D intake was lower in this group than in normal weight subjects.Overall, this work shows that it is necessary to monitor the vitamin D status in older people, especially in overweight subjects
Barbary, Delphine. "Optimisation topologique des transferts thermiques et massiques dans un canal asymétriquement chauffé." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0038/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with topology optimization of mass and heat transfer in the framework of the vertical asymetrically-heated channel. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled to the convection-diffusion equation through the Boussinesq approximation are employed and are solved with the finite volume method. We first propose a new interpolation technique for heat transfer optimization and validate it on referenced cases such as the "single pipe" and the "bend pipe". This new technique consists in the introduction of sigmoid interpolation functions to obain a better definition of the interface between fluid and solid domains, during the optimization process. We study then physical phenomenon in the asymmetrically heated channel , in particular the influence of thermal stratification outside the channel and surface radiation on thermal and dynamic quantities. We thus highlight the size variation of reversed flow at the exit of the channel and the plug-effect linked on external thermal stratification. Finally, we propose a new expression of mechanical power in order to control charges losses (despite addition of material) in the vertical channel combined with the expression of thermal power. In all considered cases, our algorithm succeeds to enhance one of the phenomenon modelled by our new cost functions without deteriorating the other one. We also compare the values of standard cost functions from the litterature over iteration of our optimization algorithm and show that our new cost functions are effective
Delhomme, Olivier. "Etude de la variabilité et de l'évolution de la composition chimique de l'aérosol organique en fonction du lieu et de la période de prélèvement." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13040.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this study is intended to obtain a better knowledge of the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols in urban areas. The study targets the evaluation of the airborne particulate phase contamination by various families of pollutants compounds, by carrying out seasonal and daily follow-up of their concentration levels. The PM10 particles sampling was carried out simultaneously related to the Besancon, Spicheren and Strasbourg target areas, all conducted by taking air samples on a daily basis, collecting four consecutive batches, each of a duration of six hours along a day. The most of the concentrations levels collected from the Strasbourg area are higher than those observed on the Besancon and Spicheren areas. Seasonal follow-up of the contamination by compounds made it possible to highlight that apart some exceptions, the studied concentrations, are in general higher the winter, than during milder seasons. Generally, regarding the summer period, it appears from the study that the main source of these compounds seems especially related to the automobile traffic. In winter period, this main source is completed by domestic heating, and for the Strasbourg area, by an apparent industrial source by airborne transportation. A source of emission related to the activities of kitchen is also present all over the year, mostly on the Strasbourg area. Last of all, related to the compounds only emitted from the biomass combustion, the contribution from domestic heating using wood in cold season, increases the abundance of the studied compounds
Gautier, Brice. "Etude de la résolution en profondeur lors de l'analyse par spectrométrie de masse des ions secondaires : détermination de la fonction de résolution pour le bore dans le silicium, mise au point d'une procédure de déconvolution et applications." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1997ISAL0069/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe decreasing dimensions of the microelectronic devices involve the improvement of the capabilities of the analysis by Secondary Ions Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), especially in the domain of the depth resolution. We have reviewed the essential mechanisms which influence the depth resolution of the SIMS analysis. We have examined the theoretical foundations of the collisional mixing, which seems to be main mechanism responsible for the degradation of the depth resolution. A formalism based on an integral of convolution, which describe the modification of the original profiles due to the collisional mixing, allows to envisage the use of the deconvolution in order to correct the measured profiles. We have developed a theory which allows to explain the better depth resolution obtained in silicon matrices when an oxygen primary beam is used. This may be due to the pulverisation of oxygen atoms instead of silicon atoms initially present, when the primary beam atoms incorporate into the matrix
MANSUELLE, PASCAL. "Contribution a l'etude des structures et des relations structure-fonction de constituants proteiques de venins de scorpions et de serpents : complementarite des approches par sequencage, spectrometrie de masse et modelisation moleculaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22089.
Повний текст джерелаBaudrillard, Vincent. "Etude structurale par résonance magnétique nucléaire mono- et bidimensionnelle haut-champ de carbanions vinyliques à fonction carbonyle masquée." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES024.
Повний текст джерелаMassines, Françoise. "Mise au point d'une technique ultrasonore pour la caracterisation des polymeres en fonction de la temperature et de la pression." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30030.
Повний текст джерелаFabre, Sophie. "Apport de l'information contextuelle à la fusion multicapteurs : application à la fusion pixel." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ESAE0013.
Повний текст джерелаClemençon, Benjamin. "Etude conformationnelle de protéines membranaires mitochondriales modèles chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Analyses des relations structure/fonction du transporteur d'ADP/ATP et de l'accessibilité au solvant de la porine VDAC." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577042.
Повний текст джерелаBeuret, Maxime. "Formation stellaire dans la galaxie et interaction avec le milieu interstellaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE017/document.
Повний текст джерелаHow stars form? This broad question uses knowledges in several areas, including two majors, the Star Formation and the Interstellar Medium. My thesis is a part of this overall framework. Our galaxy is a laboratory complex for the study of this formation. I became interested in the first stages of the star formations, from Molecular Clouds to protostars. I mainly used data from the Herschel telescope which provides us with images and data in the far infrared and sub-millimiter at an unparalleled resolution. First of all, I built a catalogue of young clumps using SPECFIND, an algorithm of cross-identification. Then I applied an algorithm of clustering, MST, over 100 000 young clumps to find over-densities in order to release the first catalogue of young stellar clusters in a galactic scale. Finally, I studied the physical properties of these clusters and their young clumps
Ahmad, Ahmad. "Etude de la production d'ions négatifs sur des surfaces de carbone dans un plasma d'hydrogène sans Cs à basse pression." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4702/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with negative ions (INs) surface production for applications in controlled fusion. Negative ions (NIs) formed at the sample surface from positive ions bombardment in hydrogen plasma are collected and analyzed with energy mass spectrometer (MS). The NI energy distribution functions (NIDF) measured by the MS are different from those emitted from surface f(E, Θ) due to modifications trajectories and energies which result when NI cross plasma and MS. In order to determine the NIDF emitted by the surface f(E,Θ) using the NIDF measured by MS f''(E), we developed a model that calculates the ion trajectories between the surface and MS detector. Then from a test function f(E,Θ) it is possible to calculate f''(E) and compare it to the experimental one. The critical issue is this method is the choice of f(E, Θ). The approach used in this thesis is the neutral backscattered and sputtered distribution function calculated by SRIM software during a surface bombardment similar to the experimental conditions. The model resulting show a good agreement between experimental and calculated NIDF, and validate our calculations and the choice of SRIM.In order to compare production mechanisms and NIs yields, a comparative study on different carbons materials was performed. Measured NIDFs show the same shape at room temperature. This indicates that the mechanisms involved in the NI production and the contribution of these mechanisms in the NIDF are the same for all materials. The best NI yield at low temperature is observed on DLC surface. The highest NI yield for all temperatures is observed on Boron doped diamond (BDD) surface at 400°C
Bacmann, Aurore. "Contraintes sur les conditions initiales de formation stellaire à partir d'observations ISOCAM de coeurs denses en absorption." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10247.
Повний текст джерелаTannoury, N. "Calibration des algorithmes d'identification des jets issus de quarks b et mesure de la section efficace différentielle de production de paires de quarks top-antitop en fonction de la masse et de la rapidité du système top-antitopdans les collisions p-p à une énergie au centre de masse de 7 TeV auprès de l'expérience ATLAS au LHC." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785360.
Повний текст джерелаBouillot, Claude. "Etude phénoménologique de la fissuration des aciers inoxydables austéno-ferritiques en milieu chlorure et sature en H2S. Apport de la spectroscopie de masse d'ions secondaires (SIMS) à l'analyse chimique de la distribution de l'hydrogène en fonction de la microstructure." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS075.
Повний текст джерелаAzif, Ettibari. "Solubilité des éléments du groupe du platine (PT ET PD) dans les liquides silicatés en fonction de FO 2, FS 2, T, P et composition : expérimentation, modélisation , implications métallogéniques et Géochimiques." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585305.
Повний текст джерелаDejean, de La Batie Rémi. "Etude des mouvements moléculaires dans les polymères en masse par résonance magnétique nucléaire du 13c et simulation de Monte-Carlo." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066284.
Повний текст джерелаJaber, Hassan. "Équations de Hardy-Sobolev sur les variétés Riemanniennes compactes : influence de la géométrie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0062/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this Manuscript, we investigate the influence of geometry on the Hardy-Sobolev equations on the compact Riemannian manifolds without boundary of dimension greateror equal to 3. More precisely, we prove in the non perturbative case that the existence of solutions depends only on the local geometry around the singularity when the dimension is greater or equal to 4 while it is the global geometry of the manifold when the dimension is equal to 3 that matters. In the presence of a perturbative subcritical term, we prove that the existence of solutions depends only on the perturbation when the dimension is greater or equal to 4 while an interaction between the perturbation and the global geometry appears in dimension 3. Finally, we establish an Optimal Hardy-Sobolev inequality for all compact Riemannian manifolds, with or without boundary, where we prove that the Riemannian sharp constant is the one for the Euclidean inequality and is achieved
Azran, Aymeric. "Intégration de fonctions sur matériaux composites innovants pour l'aéronautique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22625.
Повний текст джерелаAeronautical industry is made of compromises between the performances and the costs. The main goal is to reduce the mass in order to increase either the flight range or the useful mass. This document presents the innovative way to design composite materials based on a new textile technology and as a consequence a new way of design strategy. I’ll focus on two industrial applications which consist in adding new features to composite materials in order to reduce the number of parts and so on the global mass. The first application is the conception of a thermally conductive composite material which could allow a new way to design on flight computers andelectronic devices. The second application is focused on the non developable shape parts. In this application, I’ll show how we have added mechanical properties to new textile architectures in order to obtain a better mass/performance factor
Raulot, Simon. "Aspect conforme de l'opérateur de Dirac sur une variété à bord." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00098349.
Повний текст джерелаTannoury, Nancy. "Calibration des algorithmes d’identification des jets issus de quarks b et mesure de la section efficace différentielle de production de paires t ¯t en fonction de la masse et de la rapidité du système t ¯t dans les collisions p-p à √s = 7 TeV auprès de l’expérience ATLAS au LHC." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4105.
Повний текст джерелаThe Standard Model of particle physics is very successful in describing elementary particles and their interactions with a great precision. It describes three of the four known fundamental interactions between elementary particles : the weak, the strong and the electromagnetic interactions. The Standard Model also provides an accurate description of the electroweak interactions up to energy scales that have been explored in high energy physics experiments. The interaction and decay of a large number of particles discovered and observed throughout different experiments in the last 50 years are also described. Despite its great success, the Standard Model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not incorporate the full theory of gravitation as described by general relativity, or predict the accelerating expansion of the universe (as possibly described by dark energy). The theory does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology. It also does not account for neutrino oscillations (and their non-zero masses). It is thought that new physics should exist leading to new particles and phenomena. The scale at which this new physics should appear is not well known, though several arguments point to the TeV scale and require a very high energy and powerful hadron collider. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the biggest existing particle accelerator and collider. It is designed to provide proton-proton collisions with an unprecedented center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV, with instantaneous luminosities up to 10^{34} cm−2s−1
Moutard, Thibaud. "Redshifts photométriques et paramètres physiques des galaxies dans les sondages à grande échelle : contraintes sur l'évolution des galaxies massives." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4782.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents the measurement of the photometric redshifts and physical parameters in the framework of large scale surveys, and their constraint on galaxy evolution. The photometric redshift measurement allows us to study the entire photometric sample. For this reason, the weak lensing signal measurement used in the Euclid mission as a primary cosmological probe will rely on photometric redshift measurements. However, the method is strongly affected by the quality of the photometry. In particular, I show in this thesis how the photometric calibration impacts the photometric redshift precison, in order to constrain the photometric strategy to use in the Euclid mission.Aiming to take into account for observationnal problems, the analysis is done with observationnal data whose photometric configuration is close to the expected Euclid one. These data combine new near-infrared observations conduected to cover the VIPERS spectroscopic survey and the CFHTLS photometry.Using the conclusions of this analysis, I have producted the new photometric catalogue for VIPERS and the associated photometric redshift calalogue.Finally, I used the same photometry to compute the stellar masses of 760,000 galaxies covering 22 square degrees at the limiting magnitude Ks(AB) < 22. This enabled me to study the evolution of the stellar mass function between redshifts z= 0.2 and z = 1.5. We have then shown that the star formation of galaxies with stellar masses around log(M/Msol) = 10.66 is stopped in 2-4 Gyr, while in quiescent low-mass (log(M/Msol) < 9.5) galaxies, the star formation has been stopped 5-10 times faster (approximatelly in 0.4 Gyr)
Miret, Roig Núria. "COSMIC-DANCE : A comprehensive census of nearby star forming regions." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0327.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding how stars form is one of the fundamental questions which astronomy aims to answer. Currently, it is well accepted that the majority of stars form in groups and that their predominant mechanism of formation is the core-collapse. However, several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the formation of substellar objects, and their contribution is still under debate. The main goal of this thesis is to determine the initial mass function, the mass distribution of stars at birth time, in different associations and star-forming regions. The mass function constitutes a fundamental observational parameter to constrain stellar and substellar formation theories since different formation mechanisms predict different fraction of stellar and substellar objects. We used the Gaia Data Release 2 catalogue together with ground-based observations from the COSMIC-DANCe project to look for high probability members via a probabilistic model of the distribution of the observable quantities in both the cluster and background populations. We applied this method to the 30 Myr open cluster IC 4665 and the 1 - 10 Myr star-forming region Upper Scorpius (USC) and r Ophiuchi (r Oph). We found very rich populations of substellar objects which largely exceed the numbers predicted by core-collapse models. In USC, where our sensitivity is best, we found a large number of free-floating planets and we suggest that ejection from planetary systems must have a similar contribution than core-collapse in their formation. The age is a fundamental parameter to study the formation and evolution of stars and is essential to accurately convert luminosities to masses. For that, we also presented a strategy to study the dynamical traceback age of young local associations through an orbital traceback analysis. We applied this method to determine the age of the b Pictoris moving group and in the future, we plan to apply it to other regions such as USC. The members we identified with the membership analysis are excellent targets for follow-up studies such as a search for discs, exoplanets, characterisation of brown dwarfs and free-floating planets. I this thesis, we presented a search for discs hosted by members of IC 4665 and we found six excellent candidates to be imaged with ALMA or the JWST. The tools we developed, are ready to be used in other regions such as USC and r Oph, where we expect to find a larger number of disc-host stars
Asselin-Mullen, Patrick. "Caractérisation des fonctions moléculaires des isoformes de NudCD1 dans le cancer." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11504.
Повний текст джерелаCouture, Pierre. "Galaxies à sursauts de formation stellaire : Simulations pour la mission UVIT." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28432/28432.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMahmoudian, Moghaddam Sareh. "Influence de la longueur de chaîne et de la cristallinité sur la mobilité moléculaire du polylactide et de ses oligomères." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR039.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focused on two ways to impact the molecular dynamics. One way was the changing intermolecular interaction by reduction the weight-average molecular weight ( ̅ ) and another way was the creation confinement by crystals in an oligomer of lactic acid. These ways led to decrease the glass transition temperature, fragility and activation energies (associated to glass tansition). In an oligomer of lactic acid we succeeded to form crystals with a very small amount of Rigid amorphous Fraction (RAF) which gave us an opportunity to observe the pure confinement effect induced by crystals in molecular mobility (without disturbance of RAF). The dynamics of molecular relaxation in the amorphous and crystalline phase, for both localized and cooperative, have been studied over a wide range of frequencies and temperatures, according to approaches typically used to study glass-forming liquids. In this work, several experimental techniques have been used: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Modulate-Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MT-DSC), Fast Scannig Calorimetry (FSC) anf dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS)