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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Hayden, Melvin R., and Suresh C. Tyagi. "Impaired Folate-Mediated One-Carbon Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease and Long COVID." Medicina 58, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010016.

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Impaired folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) is associated with many pathologies and developmental abnormalities. FOCM is a metabolic network of interdependent biosynthetic pathways that is known to be compartmentalized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus. Currently, the biochemical mechanisms and causal metabolic pathways responsible for the initiation and/or progression of folate-associated pathologies have yet to be fully established. This review specifically examines the role of impaired FOCM in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease and the emerging Long COVID/post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Importantly, elevated homocysteine may be considered a biomarker for impaired FOCM, which is known to result in increased oxidative–redox stress. Therefore, the incorporation of hyperhomocysteinemia will be discussed in relation to impaired FOCM in each of the previously listed clinical diseases. This review is intended to fill gaps in knowledge associated with these clinical diseases and impaired FOCM. Additionally, some of the therapeutics will be discussed at this early time point in studying impaired FOCM in each of the above clinical disease states. It is hoped that this review will allow the reader to better understand the role of FOCM in the development and treatment of clinical disease states that may be associated with impaired FOCM and how to restore a more normal functional role for FOCM through improved nutrition and/or restoring the essential water-soluble B vitamins through oral supplementation

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2

Hsiao, Felix Shih-Hsiang, Clara Ajeng Artdita, Shih-Yao Lin, Yu-Hsiang Yu, and Yeong-Hsiang Cheng. "Mixed Solid-State Fermentation of Okara and Copra Meal by Probiotics with Non-Starch Polysaccharide Enzymes and Its Effects on the Growth Performance and Ileal Microbiota in Broilers." Fermentation 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8100478.

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With the global shortage of feed ingredients, the use of agricultural by-products has become an alternative to animal feed. Okara, a by-product of soymilk and tofu processing, is high in nutrients but contains non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and has a high-water content, which are disadvantages in animal feed. Herein, we mixed okara and copra meal (CM) with probiotics (Lactobacillus species and Clostridium butyricum) and NSP enzymes (NSPases) for solid-state fermentation (SSF) to enhance okara feed value; the optimal parameters of fermented okara and CM (FOCM) and their effects on broiler growth performance and ileal microbiota were investigated. The result showed that FOCM in combination with NSPases and probiotics at 55% of the initial moisture content and 60 h fermentation time at 37 °C were able to degrade NSP and reduce sugar content. After fermentation, the total viable counts, lactic acid, and butyric acid contents in the FOCM were 8.6 log CFU/g, 3.7%, and 17.15%, respectively. During the fifth week of the feeding period and over the whole feeding period, broilers fed with 1.25% and 2.5% FOCM had a better feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05); both groups increased the duodenal villus length (p < 0.05). Further microbiome analysis suggested that FOCM significantly increased the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and reduced the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in the ileal content (p < 0.05). Collectively, supplementation of probiotics and enzymes during SSF was found to be effective in enhancing the nutritional value of FOCM. Moreover, dietary supplementation of FOCM improved the broiler feed conversion ratio, gut morphology, and ileal microbiota.

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3

Zhu, Xinpei, Limeng Huang, Yao Zheng, Yanchun Song, Qiaoqi Xu, Jiahao Wang, Ke Si, Shumin Duan, and Wei Gong. "Ultrafast optical clearing method for three-dimensional imaging with cellular resolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 23 (May 17, 2019): 11480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819583116.

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Optical clearing is a versatile approach to improve imaging quality and depth of optical microscopy by reducing scattered light. However, conventional optical clearing methods are restricted in the efficiency-first applications due to unsatisfied time consumption, irreversible tissue deformation, and fluorescence quenching. Here, we developed an ultrafast optical clearing method (FOCM) with simple protocols and common reagents to overcome these limitations. The results show that FOCM can rapidly clarify 300-µm-thick brain slices within 2 min. Besides, the tissue linear expansion can be well controlled by only a 2.12% increase, meanwhile the fluorescence signals of GFP can be preserved up to 86% even after 11 d. By using FOCM, we successfully built the detailed 3D nerve cells model and showed the connection between neuron, astrocyte, and blood vessel. When applied to 3D imaging analysis, we found that the foot shock and morphine stimulation induced distinct c-fos pattern in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Therefore, FOCM has the potential to be a widely used sample mounting media for biological optical imaging.

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4

Herrick, J., K. Leiske, G. Magarey, and W. Swanson. "221 BASAL SEMINAL TRAITS AND IN VITRO FERTILIZATION IN THE SAND CAT (FELIS MARGARITA)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab221.

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The sand cat (Felis margarita) is one of five small-sized cat species given priority for conservation in North American zoos. An improved understanding of sand cat reproductive biology would benefit captive breeding and facilitate use of assisted reproduction for genetic management. In this study, our objectives were to: (1) characterize basal seminal traits, (2) assess ovarian responses to exogenous gonadotropins, and (3) compare Ham's (HF10) F-10 with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and feline optimized culture medium (FOCM) with 0.4% BSA for supporting gamete function and embryonic development in vitro. Semen was collected by electroejaculation from seven males (n = 10 ejaculates), washed, and resuspended (10 � 106 motile sperm/mL) in HF10 or FOCM for culture (6% CO2 in air at 38.7�C). Sperm motility (% motile and rate of forward progress, 0-5 scale) was evaluated at 0, 1, 3, and 6 h of culture and used to calculate a sperm motility index (SMI; [% + (5 * rate)]/2). Acrosomal integrity was evaluated by staining (fast green FCF-rose bengal) at 0 and 6 h. For IVF, ovarian follicles were aspirated laparoscopically from female sand cats (n = 4) treated at random times of the estrous cycle with 150 IU eCG and 100 IU hCG (84 h post-eCG) prior to oocyte recovery (25 h post-hCG). Grade 1 oocytes were co-incubated with 2 � 105 motile sperm/mL in HF10 (n = 32) or FOCM (n = 33) for 20 h before transfer to fresh medium. Resulting embryos were either cryopreserved (n = 42) at 30 h post-insemination (hpi) or cultured until Day 7 pi after being moved to fresh medium (FOCM with 5% FBS (n = 10) or HF10 (n = 6)) on Day 3 pi. Ejaculates contained (mean � SEM) 43.5 � 11.0 � 106 total spermatozoa, with 77.0 � 2.3% motility, 43.8 � 3.9% normal morphology, and 93.1 � 1.3% intact acrosomes. During 6 h of culture, SMI and % intact acrosomes declined (P < 0.05) slightly (SMI, 73.8-74.8 at 0 h and 68.5-68.8 at 6 h; % intact acrosomes, 87.1-87.6% at 0 h and 69.0-74.2% at 6 h), but similarly (P > 0.05) in both media. Females produced 24.3 � 5.6 follicles, with 19.3 � 5.1 total oocytes and 16.5 � 4.6 Grade 1 oocytes recovered per female. The proportions of oocytes cleaving at 20 and 30 hpi and the quality of the resulting embryos at 30 hpi were higher (P < 0.05) in FOCM (20 hpi, 76.5 � 8.7%; 30 hpi, 92.9 � 7.1%; 89.2 � 7.9% Grade 1) than in HF10 (20 hpi, 29.8 � 11.7%; 30 hpi, 55.9 � 20.6%; 62.9 � 7.2% Grade 1). Two blastocysts developed in FOCM (69.0 � 19.0 cells), but the final cell numbers of all cultured embryos were not different (P > 0.05) between FOCM (26.9 � 8.0 cells) and HF10 (19.3 � 6.4 cells). Compared to other small felid species, sand cats exhibited excellent seminal traits, gonadotropin-induced ovarian responses, and fertilization success in vitro. Although sperm motility and acrosomal integrity were similar in FOCM and HF10, the medium developed specifically for domestic cat embryos (FOCM) better supported IVF and early embryonic development. These results indicate that IVF with fresh spermatozoa could be a valuable tool for genetic management of captive sand cat populations. This work was supported by MAF D04ZO-72.

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5

Ahmed, Firas Saaduldeen, Ahmed A. Allu, and Maan A. Jirjees. "Performance Enhancement of Speed Control for Induction Motor Using Dolphin Algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2312, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012026.

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Abstract The induction motor is renowned as one of the most motors commonly used in an industry where rapid response and high control precision are needed for a wide range of speeds. In this paper, a field oriented control method (FOCM) has been used to obtain a higher control efficiency by dividing the stator current into torque and field control components, including the space vector pulse width modulation (SV-PWM) technology. FOCM also reduces the harmonics of the inverter output signal and allows the best use of DC voltage. This paper aims to enhance the speed response during a sudden change in load torque or reference speed. The Dolphin Algorithm (DA) is used to find the best parameters of the control circuit in both the current and voltage controllers of the FOCM to improve the motor speed response using two objective functions which are Mean Average Error (MAE) and Mean Error (ME). Simulation results for dolphin-PI controllers show the trial superiority by noting PI controllers error and decrease the delay time during the state change.

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6

Heyden, Katarina, Yuwen Xiu, and Martha Field. "Reduced Methionine Synthase (Mtr) Expression, a Model of Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Leads to Uracil Accumulation in Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab059_015.

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Abstract Objectives Integrity of both nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is affected by nutritional and environmental factors. Folate and B12 are water-soluble B-vitamins that act as cofactors in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM), a series of one-carbon transfer reactions that support several essential cell processes including nucleotide biosynthesis. Impairments in FOCM, such as folate or vitamin B12 deficiency, can disturb thymidylate (dTMP, the “T” base in DNA) synthesis and lead to uracil misincorporation to DNA. Both folate and B12 deficiency as well as genetic polymorphisms affecting FOCM function are associated with increased uracil accumulation and DNA damage in nDNA. However, dTMP synthesis occurs in multiple cellular compartments (cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria), and it is not well defined how FOCM impairments affects mtDNA integrity and nucleotide pool balance between compartments. Methods Currently, we are using in vivo and in vitro experiments to assess nucleotide synthesis and uracil accumulation in a functional model of vitamin B-12 deficiency with decreased expression of methionine synthase (Mtr), one of two B12-requiring enzymes. Tissues from Mtr+/+,+/− mice and Mtr+/+,+/- mouse-derived cells were exposed to either folate-replete or folate-deplete conditions to explore the combined effects of folate and B12 deficiency on nucleotide synthesis capacity and integrity of both nDNA and mtDNA. Results We have developed and validated a novel real-time PCR-based assay to quantify uracil misincorporation into mtDNA. In mouse liver, we observed a significant increase of uracil in mtDNA with decreased Mtr expression as well as an interaction between Mtr genotype and folate status. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) demonstrated perturbed dTMP synthesis and increased uracil accumulation in nDNA with decreased Mtr expression. Conclusions These data suggest that functional B12 deficiency, as modeled by decreased Mtr expression, disrupts nucleotide synthesis in more than one cellular compartment and increases uracil accumulation not only in nDNA, but also in mtDNA. Reduced Mtr expression may cause a redistribution of folates in the cytoplasm which impacts mitochondrial folate levels, and subsequently mitochondrial dTMP synthesis. Funding Sources N/A.

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7

Gigic, Biljana, Eline van Roekel, Andreana N. Holowatyj, Stefanie Brezina, Anne J. M. R. Geijsen, Arve Ulvik, Jennifer Ose, et al. "Cohort profile: Biomarkers related to folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer recurrence and survival – the FOCUS Consortium." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e062930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062930.

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PurposeThe overarching goal of the FOCUS (biomarkers related to folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence and survival) Consortium is to unravel the effect of folate and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) biomarkers on CRC prognosis to provide clinically relevant advice on folate intake to cancer patients and define future tertiary prevention strategies.ParticipantsThe FOCUS Consortium is an international, prospective cohort of 2401 women and men above 18 years of age who were diagnosed with a primary invasive non-metastatic (stages I–III) CRC. The consortium comprises patients from Austria, two sites from the Netherlands, Germany and two sites from the USA. Patients are recruited after CRC diagnosis and followed at 6 and 12 months after enrolment. At each time point, sociodemographic data, data on health behaviour and clinical data are collected, blood samples are drawn.Findings to dateAn increased risk of cancer recurrences was observed among patients with higher compared with lower circulating folic acid concentrations. Furthermore, specific folate species within the FOCM pathway were associated with both inflammation and angiogenesis pathways among patients with CRC. In addition, higher vitamin B6status was associated with better quality of life at 6 months post-treatment.Future plansBetter insights into the research on associations between folate and FOCM biomarkers and clinical outcomes in patients with CRC will facilitate the development of guidelines regarding folate intake in order to provide clinically relevant advice to patients with cancer, health professionals involved in patient care, and ultimately further tertiary prevention strategies in the future. The FOCUS Consortium offers an excellent infrastructure for short-term and long-term research projects and for combining additional biomarkers and data resulting from the individual cohorts within the next years, for example, microbiome data, omics and multiomics data or CT-quantified body composition data.

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8

Magarey, G., J. Herrick, K. Thiangtum, W. Tunwattana, and W. Swanson. "284 COMPARATIVE FERTILITY OF FRESHLY-COLLECTED VERSUS FROZEN - THAWED SPERMATOZOA FOR IN VITRO FERTILIZATION IN THE FISHING CAT (PRIONAILURUS VIVERRINUS)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab284.

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Wild populations of fishing cats (Prionailurus viverrinus) in Southeast Asia are in decline, primarily due to habitat loss. Because the fishing cat population in North American zoos is small (n = 69) and inbred (F = 0.17) with relatively low genetic variation (86%), infusion of new founder genes from Asia is a conservation priority. Importation of cryopreserved semen for use with IVF and ET may offer one alternative to the international transport of living animals. In this study, our objectives were to (1) compare motility longevity of fresh vs. frozen-thawed fishing cat spermatozoa in two culture media, (2) evaluate ovarian responses to exogenous gonadotropins, and (3) assess development of IVF embryos produced with fresh vs. frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Raw semen was collected via electroejaculation from male fishing cats (n = 4), divided into groups, and washed. Two sperm pellets were resuspended in either Ham's F10 medium (HF10; with 5% FBS) or our feline optimized culture medium (FOCM; with 0.4% BSA); another pellet was diluted in TEST egg yolk, cooled to 5�C over 3 h, glycerated (4%), and cryopreserved in straws over LN2 vapor. Frozen sperm samples were thawed, washed, and diluted in either HF10 or FOCM. Fresh and frozen-thawed sperm motility (percent motile, rate of forward progress) in each medium (10 � 106 motile sperm/mL) was assessed (at 0, 1, 3, and 6 h) in microdrops under oil during culture (38�C; 6% CO2 in air). Female fishing cats (n = 10) were treated with exogenous gonadotropins (150 IU eCG, 100 IU hCG, 85-h interval) and ovarian follicles were aspirated laparoscopically. Recovered oocytes were inseminated with fresh (2 � 105 motile sperm/mL) or frozen-thawed (5 � 105 motile sperm/mL) spermatozoa in FOCM microdrops; resulting embryos were either cryopreserved or cultured in FOCM (with 5% FBS added at 72 h post-insemination) for 7 days. Sperm motility over time did not differ (P > 0.05) between media for either fresh or frozen-thawed samples; however, across media, frozen-thawed sperm motility was lower (P < 0.05) and declined faster (P < 0.05) compared to fresh spermatozoa. Females produced an average (�SEM) of 9.8 � 2.9 mature ovarian follicles, allowing recovery of 7.3 � 2.6 high-quality oocytes per female. Oocyte cleavage percentage at 42 h p.i. was lower (P < 0.05) with frozen-thawed spermatozoa (38%, 11/29) compared to freshly collected spermatozoa (68%, 17/25). Overall, 35% (6/17) of cultured embryos developed to blastocysts with no difference (P > 0.05) between embryos produced with frozen-thawed (4/11) vs. fresh (2/6) spermatozoa. Although fishing cat sperm motility and fertility appear compromised after cryopreservation, our results demonstrate the ability of frozen-thawed spermatozoa to produce IVF embryos that are capable of developing to blastocyst stage in vitro. This work was supported by (NIH RR015388).

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9

Chekalov, V. A., and N. E. Volkova. "Chickpea genotypes characteristics on resistance to fusarium Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 23 (September 9, 2018): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v23.1008.

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Aim. Molecular-genetic analysis of the chickpea genotypes for foc0, foc3, foc4 resistance genes to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris. Methods. Extraction and purification of DNA, spectrophotometry, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Results. 35 chickpea lines and varieties of Ukrainian and foreign breeding characterized according to genotyping on foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris by the microsatellite markers TA59, TR19 and TR59. Fragments of the expected size for all markers were obtained for samples, for which the resistance level was fixed to certain races. Match between data on the presence of a amplification fragment of a certain size and resistance level among other samples is not found. Conclusions. For 35 chickpea varieties and lines the allele state of foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to the F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 is established. The variety ‘Pam’yat’ is recommended as a control of resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 in the southern Ukraine conditions. Keywords: chickpea, genes, molecular markers, fusarios, resistance.

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10

Chen, Jiajia, Zhenhong Du, Chenhao Xu, Xiao Xiao, Wei Gong, and Ke Si. "Ultrafast 3D histological imaging based on a minutes-time scale tissue clearing and multidirectional selective plane illumination microscopy." Optics Letters 47, no. 17 (August 19, 2022): 4331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.463705.

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Conventional histopathological examinations are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and are insufficient to depict 3D pathological features intuitively. Here we report an ultrafast 3D histological imaging scheme based on optimized selective plane illumination microscopy (mSPIM), a minutes-time scale clearing method (FOCM), and a deep learning-based image enhancement algorithm (SRACNet) to realize histological preparation and imaging of clinical tissues. Our scheme enables 1-minute clearing and fast imaging (up to 900 mm2/min) of 200 µm-thick mouse kidney slices at micron-level resolution. With hematoxylin and eosin analog, we demonstrated the detailed 3D morphological connections between glomeruli and the surrounding tubules, which is difficult to identify in conventional 2D histology. Further, by the preliminary verification on human kidney tissues, this study will provide new, to the best of our knowledge, feasible histological solutions and inspirations in future 3D digital pathology. © 2022 Optical Society of America

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11

Dong, Honghong, Huiyun Fan, Zhaoxi Lei, Chao Wu, Dengbo Zhou, and Huaping Li. "Histological and Gene Expression Analyses in Banana Reveals the Pathogenic Differences between Races 1 and 4 of Banana Fusarium Wilt Pathogen." Phytopathology® 109, no. 6 (June 2019): 1029–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-10-18-0384-r.

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, the causative agent of Panama disease, is classified into three races: Foc1, Foc2, and Foc4. However, the histological characteristics, the accumulation of fusaric acid (FA), and resistant gene expression in banana infected with different races remain unclear. In this study, we compared the infection processes, FA contents, and gene expression levels in a Cavendish banana cultivar (Musa AAA Brazilian) inoculated with Foc1 and Foc4. Results showed that Foc4 can rapidly extend from the roots to the leaves, whereas Foc1 expands slowly from the roots to the rhizomes but cannot expand further upward. In addition, the colonization of plants by Foc4 was significantly higher compared with Foc1, as was the content of FA in those infected plant tissues. We observed that a large amount of starch granules was produced in the rhizomes and the number of starch granules was significantly higher after infection with Foc1 than after infection with Foc4. We further found that starch has an important inhibitory effect on the phytotoxicity induced by FA, thus leading to more resistance to the pathogens in the plants with high amounts of starch accumulation than in those with a low amount of starch accumulation. Moreover, the expression levels of 10 defense-related genes were analyzed and the results showed that the induction levels of those genes were higher after infection with Foc1 than after infection with Foc4. These results suggest that the observed differences in the invasion of host tissues and FA accumulation, and the number of starch granules and expression of defense-related genes, may contribute to a difference in virulence between the two races and the resulting difference in host resistance response, respectively.

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12

Zhu, Huiping, Wei Yang, Wei Lu, Analee J. Etheredge, Edward J. Lammer, Richard H. Finnell, Suzan L. Carmichael, and Gary M. Shaw. "Gene variants in the folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) pathway as risk factors for conotruncal heart defects." American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 158A, no. 5 (April 11, 2012): 1124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.35313.

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13

Moresco, A., H. L. Bateman, J. Newsom, and W. F. Swanson. "59 EFFECT OF PELLET VOLUME AND THAWING TEMPERATURE ON VITRIFICATION EFFICACY WITH DOMESTIC CAT SEMEN COLLECTED VIA URETHRAL CATHETERIZATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab59.

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Historically, semen banking in felids has required sample collection via electroejaculation followed by sperm freezing in straws over LN2 vapor. Recent modifications include urethral catheterization of males treated with α-2 agonists for semen recovery and vitrification of cat sperm by suspension in a sucrose-based cryomedium and direct pelleting into LN2. In combination, these latter methods greatly simplify semen cryopreservation in cats but protocols need to be optimized for applied usage. In the present study, our goal was to assess the effect of 2 variables—pellet volume and thawing temperature—on post-thaw sperm motility, acrosome status, and in vitro fertility. Semen was collected from 3 males (3 ejaculates/male) via urethral catheterization under dexmedetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia. Sperm were diluted in Feline Optimized Culture Medium (FOCM), centrifuged (8 min; 300 × g), and resuspended in a soy-lecithin-based vitrification medium (with 0.2 M sucrose). After a 5-min equilibration, sperm was vitrified in 2 volumes (20 or 30 µL) by direct pipetting into LN2. Sperm pellets were thawed in FOCM at 1 of 2 temperatures (37 or 55°C) and the 4 treatment groups (20 µL-37°C, 20–55, 30–37, 30–55) assessed for percentage of progressively motile and acrosome intact sperm. To assess sperm function, additional 30-µL pellets were thawed at 37 or 55°C, and recovered sperm were used to inseminate in vitro-matured domestic cat oocytes (n = 10–25/ejaculate). At 48 h post-insemination, oocytes and embryos were fixed (1% NBF). Hoechst fluorescent stain (#33342) was used to evaluate embryo cleavage and maturation status of unfertilized ova. Sperm motility and acrosomal integrity percentages were analysed by ANOVA, and oocyte cleavage proportions were analysed by chi-squared. Mean (± SEM) progressive sperm motility post-thaw did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments (38 ± 8, 34 ± 7, 41 ± 7, 32 ± 7% for 20 µL-37°C; 20–55, 30–37, and 30–55, respectively). Similarly, acrosomal integrity did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments (26 ± 4, 25 ± 4, 17 ± 3, 17 ± 2% for 20 µL-37°C, 20–55, 30–37, and 30–55, respectively). Oocyte cleavage proportions did not differ (P > 0.05) between thawing temperatures for total inseminated oocytes but, after correcting for oocyte maturation status, was higher (P < 0.01) for samples thawed at 55°C (60%, 67/112) compared with 37°C (39%, 52/133). In summary, although variations in pellet volume and thawing temperature had minimal effect on sperm motility or acrosome status immediately post-thaw, sperm function appeared to be enhanced when vitrified pellets were thawed at a higher temperature. In vitro fertility success (~60% embryo cleavage) is comparable to values reported by our laboratory with conventionally collected and frozen cat semen, suggesting these newer methods may be suitable for applied usage in felids. This study was funded by the Institute of Museums and Library Services.

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14

Wang, C., K. Lee, S. Koh, and Z. Machaty. "234 PARTHENOGENETIC ACTIVATION OF DOMESTIC CAT OOCYTES USING STRONTIUM." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab234.

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Cloning domestic cats is useful in comparative medicine programs as it may provide insight into unique disease mechanisms and facilitate investigation of new therapeutic options. It is also believed to be beneficial for the conservation of precious animal models. However, as in many species, low birth rates after nuclear transfer remain a formidable challenge. One potential reason for the low efficiency is poor embryo development following activation of the reconstructed oocytes. The number of methods available to induce a transient increase in the oocytes' cytosolic free calcium level to stimulate development is rather limited. Although strontium has been reported to successfully activate the developmental program of mature mouse and rat oocytes, it was without effect in all other species studied. Here we investigated the effect of strontium on mature cat oocytes. Oocytes collected from the cat ovaries were matured in vitro in Feline Optimized Culture Medium (FOCM) supplemented with 0.6 mm cysteine, 0.1 mm cysteamine, 1 IU mL–1 eCG, 2 IU mL–1 hCG, 25 ng mL–1 epidermal growth factor (EGF) for 24 h. For intracellular calcium measurements, mature oocytes were incubated in the presence of 2 µ m fura-2Am, a calcium indicator dye, and 0.02% pluronic F-127 for 40 min. Individual oocytes were transferred into calcium-free HEPES, and SrCl2 was added to the medium at a final concentration of 20 mm. Changes in the intracellular free calcium levels were then monitored using an InCyt Im2 fluorescence imaging system (Intracellular Imaging, Cincinnati, OH, USA). Preimplantation embryonic development was also evaluated by incubating the oocytes with 20 mm SrCl2 in calcium-free HEPES medium supplemented with 7.5 µg mL–1 cytochalasin B for 6 h. Control oocytes were activated by two 20-µs-long, 100 kV cm–1 direct current pulses and incubated in the presence of 7.5 µg mL–1 cytochalasin B for 6 h. After activation, the oocytes were cultured in FOCM for 6 days. At the end of the culture period, embryonic development was recorded; the nuclear number of the embryos was also determined after staining with Hoechst 33342. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA, and differences between treatments were analyzed using the Tukey test. We found that strontium triggered a transient rise in the intracellular free calcium concentration in all oocytes tested (N = 20). Strontium treatment also induced cleavage in 49.7% (92/185) of the oocytes, while 4.9% (9/185) of the activated oocytes developed to the blastocyst stage. In the electroporated group, cleavage frequency was 57.1% (104/182) and blastocyst formation was 8.8% (16/182). Data analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of cleavage frequency and blastocyst formation. This is the first study to demonstrate that strontium can induce cytoplasmic calcium increase in cat oocytes and trigger development up to the blastocyst stage. The results also indicate that SrCl2 may be useful for oocyte activation during cat nuclear transfer. Additional studies are needed to determine whether SrCl2 can trigger development more effectively than current activation techniques.

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Li, Chunqiang, Jinghao Yang, Wenbin Li, Jianbo Sun, and Ming Peng. "Direct Root Penetration and Rhizome Vascular Colonization by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense are the Key Steps in the Successful Infection of Brazil Cavendish." Plant Disease 101, no. 12 (December 2017): 2073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0467-re.

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Fusarium wilt of banana, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, is one of the most serious diseases of banana. F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 (Foc1) and race 4 (Foc4) are the most prevalent pathogens of banana cultivars in the world. To understand the differences in the infection processes between Foc1 and Foc4, green fluorescent protein-tagged strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (FocTR4) and Foc1 were used to inoculate ‘Brazil Cavendish’ banana. At 2 days postinoculation (dpi), it was observed that the spores and hyphae of both Foc1 and Foc4 attached to the root hairs and root epidermis. At 3 dpi, the hyphae of both Foc1 and Foc4 were found in the vascular tissues of roots. However, Foc4 was observed in the parenchymal cells of banana root, whereas Foc1 was not found in parenchymal cells at 7 dpi. Furthermore, few Foc1 hyphae were observed in a few xylems whereas many more Foc4 hyphae were present in many xylems and phloems. Foc4 was observed in the vascular tissues of banana rhizomes, whereas no Foc1 was found in rhizomes 2 months after inoculation. The attachment process in F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense infection was further studied with scanning electron microscopy. Foc4 was observed to penetrate into banana roots from the intercellular space of the epidermis and wounds, whereas Foc1 mainly penetrated from the wounds but not from the intercellular space of the epidermis. Therefore, direct root penetration and rhizome vascular colonization by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense are the key steps in the successful infection of Brazil Cavendish.

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Hernández, Álvaro José Caballero, Luis Ernesto Pocasangre Enamorado, Fernando Casanoves, Jacques Avelino, Ana Cecilia Tapia Fernández, and Juan Luis Ortiz. "USO DE AISLAMIENTOS ENDOFÍTICOS DE Trichoderma spp., PARA EL BIOCONTROL DEL MAL DE PANAMÁ (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) RAZA 1 EN VITROPLANTAS DE BANANO DEL CULTIVAR GROS MICHEL (AAA) EN CONDICIONES DE INVERNADERO." La Calera 13, no. 20 (November 30, 2014): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v13i20.1620.

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El objetivo de la presente investigación fue seleccionar aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp., para el biocontrol de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense raza 1. Se evaluaron los tres aislamientos más patogénicos FOC2, FOC4, FOC8 obtenidos del criobanco del Laboratorio de Fitopatología del CATIE, en una prueba de antibiosis y posteriormente se procedió a realizar la prueba de biocontrol con veinte aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp. y dos aislamientos FOC2 y FOC4 en vitroplantas de Gros Michel (AAA) en condiciones de invernadero. Por medio de la técnica de cocultivo veinte aislados de Trichoderma spp., inhibieron el crecimiento radial de FOC hasta en un 53,46%. En el bioensayo de biocontrol, los aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp., presentaron un mínimo porcentaje de incidencia con 37,5% del tratamiento TJ5, en comparación al testigo absoluto que no presentó incidencia. Así mismo los tratamientos TC9, TP3 y TCL1 redujeron desde un 92% hasta 90% los síntomas externos en comparación a los testigos referenciales. Los síntomas internos del cormo se redujeron hasta un 74% por el tratamiento TC9. Adicionalmente se detectó que plantas protegidas con los aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp., promovieron el crecimiento vegetativo de la planta en peso de la raíz y follaje. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v13i20.1620

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Caballero Hernàndez, Álvaro Jóse, Luis Ernesto Pocasangre Enamorado, Fernando Casanoves, Jacques Avelin, Ana Cecilia Tapia Fernández, and Juan Luis Ortiz. "Uso de aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp., para el biocontrol del Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Mal de Panamá) raza 1 en vitroplantas de banano del cultivar Gros Michel (AAA) en condiciones de invernadero." Universitas (León): Revista Científica de la UNAN León 4, no. 1 (July 4, 2013): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v4i1.1676.

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El objetivo de la presente investigación fue seleccionar aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp., para el biocontrol de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense raza 1. Se evaluaron los tres aislamientos más patogénicos FOC2, FOC4, FOC8 obtenidos del criobanco del Laboratorio de Fitopatología de CATIE, en una prueba de antibiosis y posteriormente se procedió a realizar la prueba de biocontrol con veinte aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp. Y dos aislamientos FOC2 y FOC4 en vitroplantas de Gros Michel (AAA) en condiciones de invernadero. Por medio de la técnica de cocultivo veinte aislados de Trichoderma spp., inhibieron el crecimiento radial de FOC hasta en un 53,46%. En el bioensayo de biocontrol, los aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp., presentaron un mínimo porcentaje de incidencia con 37,5% del tratamiento TJ5, en comparación al testigo absoluto que no presento incidencia. Así mismo los tratamientos TC9, TP3 y TCL1 redujeron desde un 92% hasta 90% los síntomas externos en comparación a los testigos referenciales. Los síntomas internos del cormo se redujeron hasta un 74% por el tratamiento TC9. Adicionalm{Koenig, 1997 #1}ente se detectó que plantas protegidas con los aislamientos endofíticos de Trichoderma spp., promovieron el crecimiento vegetativo de la planta en peso de la raíz y follaje.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v4i1.1676

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He, Yanqiu, Xiaofan Zhou, Jieling Li, Huaping Li, Yunfeng Li, and Yanfang Nie. "In Vitro Secretome Analysis Suggests Differential Pathogenic Mechanisms between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1 and Race 4." Biomolecules 11, no. 9 (September 12, 2021): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11091353.

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Banana Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is a devastating disease that causes tremendous reductions in banana yield worldwide. Secreted proteins can act as pathogenicity factors and play important roles in the Foc–banana interactions. In this study, a shotgun-based proteomic approach was employed to characterize and compare the secretomes of Foc1 and Foc4 upon banana extract treatment, which detected 1183 Foc1 and 2450 Foc4 proteins. Comprehensive in silico analyses further identified 447 Foc1 and 433 Foc4 proteins in the classical and non-classical secretion pathways, while the remaining proteins might be secreted through currently unknown mechanisms. Further analyses showed that the secretomes of Foc1 and Foc4 are similar in their overall functional characteristics and share largely conserved repertoires of CAZymes and effectors. However, we also identified a number of potentially important pathogenicity factors that are differentially present in Foc1 and Foc4, which may contribute to their different pathogenicity against banana hosts. Furthermore, our quantitative PCR analysis revealed that genes encoding secreted pathogenicity factors differ significantly between Foc1 and Foc4 in their expression regulation in response to banana extract treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental secretome analysis that focused on the pathogenicity mechanism in different Foc races. The results of this study provide useful resources for further exploration of the complicated pathogenicity mechanisms in Foc.

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Ashmore, Joseph H., Samuel M. Lesko, Joshua E. Muscat, Carla J. Gallagher, Arthur S. Berg, Paige E. Miller, Terryl J. Hartman, and Philip Lazarus. "Association of dietary and supplemental folate intake and polymorphisms in three FOCM pathway genes with colorectal cancer in a population-based case-control study." Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer 52, no. 10 (July 26, 2013): 945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gcc.22089.

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Tyagi, Suresh C., Sathnur Pushpakumar, Utpal Sen, Sri Prakash L. Mokshagundam, Dinesh K. Kalra, Mohamed A. Saad, and Mahavir Singh. "COVID-19 Mimics Pulmonary Dysfunction in Muscular Dystrophy as a Post-Acute Syndrome in Patients." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010287.

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Although progressive wasting and weakness of respiratory muscles are the prominent hallmarks of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and long-COVID (also referred as the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 syndrome); however, the underlying mechanism(s) leading to respiratory failure in both conditions remain unclear. We put together the latest relevant literature to further understand the plausible mechanism(s) behind diaphragm malfunctioning in COVID-19 and DMD conditions. Previously, we have shown the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in skeletal muscle fibrosis via a substantial increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) employing a DMD mouse model that was crossed-bred with MMP9-knockout (MMP9-KO or MMP9-/-) strain. Interestingly, recent observations from clinical studies show a robust increase in neopterin (NPT) levels during COVID-19 which is often observed in patients having DMD. What seems to be common in both (DMD and COVID-19) is the involvement of neopterin (NPT). We know that NPT is generated by activated white blood cells (WBCs) especially the M1 macrophages in response to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and tetrahydrofolate (FH4) pathways, i.e., folate one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) in conjunction with epigenetics underpinning as an immune surveillance protection. Studies from our laboratory, and others researching DMD and the genetically engineered humanized (hACE2) mice that were administered with the spike protein (SP) of SARS-CoV-2 revealed an increase in the levels of NPT, TNF-α, HDAC, IL-1β, CD147, and MMP9 in the lung tissue of the animals that were subsequently accompanied by fibrosis of the diaphragm depicting a decreased oscillation phenotype. Therefore, it is of interest to understand how regulatory processes such as epigenetics involvement affect DNMT, HDAC, MTHFS, and iNOS that help generate NPT in the long-COVID patients.

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Qin, Shiwen, Chunyan Ji, Yunfeng Li, and Zhenzhong Wang. "Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Race 1 and Race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Induced with Different Carbon Sources." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 7, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 2125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.117.042226.

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Abstract The fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causes Fusarium wilt, one of the most destructive diseases in banana and plantain cultivars. Pathogenic race 1 attacks the “Gros Michel” banana cultivar, and race 4 is pathogenic to the Cavendish banana cultivar and those cultivars that are susceptible to Foc1. To understand the divergence in gene expression modules between the two races during degradation of the host cell wall, we performed RNA sequencing to compare the genome-wide transcriptional profiles of the two races grown in media containing banana cell wall, pectin, or glucose as the sole carbon source. Overall, the gene expression profiles of Foc1 and Foc4 in response to host cell wall or pectin appeared remarkably different. When grown with host cell wall, a much larger number of genes showed altered levels of expression in Foc4 in comparison with Foc1, including genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and other virulence-related genes. Additionally, the levels of gene expression were higher in Foc4 than in Foc1 when grown with host cell wall or pectin. Furthermore, a great majority of genes were differentially expressed in a variety-specific manner when induced by host cell wall or pectin. More specific CAZymes and other pathogenesis-related genes were expressed in Foc4 than in Foc1 when grown with host cell wall. The first transcriptome profiles obtained for Foc during degradation of the host cell wall may provide new insights into the mechanism of banana cell wall polysaccharide decomposition and the genetic basis of Foc host specificity.

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Fiddler, Joanna, Jamie Blum, Anna Thalacker-Mercer, and Martha Field. "Loss of SHMT2 and Folate Deficiency Impair Energy Metabolism in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Cells." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab059_012.

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Abstract Objectives Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) catalyzes the reversible conversion of tetrahydrofolate (THF) and serine producing THF-conjugated one-carbon units and glycine in the mitochondria. Recently biallelic SHMT2 variants were identified in humans and suggested to alter the protein's active site, potentially disrupting enzymatic function. Indeed, patient fibroblasts exhibited impaired oxidative capacity, however, with no changes in oxidative phosphorylation protein levels. Furthermore, immortalized cells models of total SHMT2 loss or folate deficiency exhibit decreased oxidative capacity and impaired mitochondrial complex I assembly and protein levels suggesting folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) and the oxidative phosphorylation system are functionally coordinated. We have developed a mouse model of reduced Shmt2 expression that provides an appropriate reference model to further study the deleterious human SHMT2 variants and their connection to folate metabolism. Methods Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were isolated from a C57Bl/6 dam crossed with a heterozygous Shmt2+/− (HET) male. MEF embryos were genotyped, and Shmt2+/+ (wild type) or Shmt2+/− MEF cells were cultured for 4 doubling in 2 nM (deficient) or 25 nM folate (sufficient) medium. Cells were examined for proliferation, total folate levels, mtDNA content, protein levels of pyruvate kinase and PGC1α, pyruvate kinase enzyme activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential and function. Results Loss of Shmt2 and folate deficiency significantly reduced cell proliferation and oxygen consumption rate. Total cellular folate levels and pyruvate kinase enzyme activity and protein levels were reduced with folate deficiency. While there were no changes in mitochondrial DNA content or complex 1 proteins NDUFA9 or ND3, mitochondrial membrane potential was impaired and PGC1α protein levels were elevated in Shmt2+/− MEF cells. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that loss of SHMT2 impairs cellular proliferation and that SHMT2 expression and folate status impact cellular energy metabolism and mitochondrial health. Funding Sources This study was financially supported by a President's Council of Cornell Women Award and Cornell University Division of Nutritional Sciences funds.

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Nemeroff, Charles B. "Recent Findings in the Pathophysiology of Depression." FOCUS 6, no. 1 (January 2008): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/foc.6.1.foc3.

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Lebowitz, Barry. "From the Guest Editor." FOCUS 7, no. 1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/foc.7.1.foc1.

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Meeks, Thomas W., Nicole Lanouette, Ipsit Vahia, Sharon Dawes, Dilip V. Jeste, and Barry Lebowitz. "Psychiatric Assessment and Diagnosis in Older Adults." FOCUS 7, no. 1 (January 2009): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/foc.7.1.foc3.

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Weerasekera, Priyanthy. "From the Guest Editor." FOCUS 8, no. 1 (January 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/foc.8.1.foc1.

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Weerasekera, Priyanthy. "Psychotherapy Update for the Practicing Psychiatrist: Promoting Evidence-Based Practice." FOCUS 8, no. 1 (January 2010): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/foc.8.1.foc3.

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Tinsley, Joyce A. "From the Guest Editor." FOCUS 9, no. 1 (January 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/foc.9.1.foc1.

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Tinsley, Joyce A. "Assessment and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders." FOCUS 9, no. 1 (January 2011): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/foc.9.1.foc3.

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Dong, Zhangyong, Mei Luo, and Zhenzhong Wang. "An Exo-Polygalacturonase Pgc4 Regulates Aerial Hyphal Growth and Virulence in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16 (August 16, 2020): 5886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165886.

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc4) causes Fusarium wilt that affects banana plants, and hence, the molecular mechanisms of its virulence need to be investigated. We purified an exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG), Pgc4, from Foc4. Pgc4 has an apparent molecular weight of 50.87 kDa based on sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We further performed its sequence analysis and biochemical characterization. The two pgc4 genes encoding Pgc4 from Foc4 and Foc1 were 1434 bp in length and encoded 477 amino acids with differences, due to some nucleotide differences between the two. The Km and Vmax values of Pgc4 purified from Foc4 were determined to be 0.45 mg/mL and 105.26 Units·mg·protein−1 ·min−1, respectively. The recombinant proteins, r-Foc1-Pgc4 and r-Foc4-Pgc4, were expressed and purified from Pichia pastoris and showed optimal Pgc4 activity at 55 °C and pH 4.0; both could induce tissue maceration and necrosis in the “Guangfen-1” and “Baxi” varieties of banana but to a different extent. Phenotypic assays and complementation analyses revealed that, compared to the wild-type, the generated Foc4Δpgc4 mutant strain showed a lower aerial hyphal growth, grew slower, and had a reduced virulence. Therefore, our results demonstrate the function of Pgc4 as a pathogenicity factor of Foc4.

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Haznar-Garbacz, Dorota. "Foam - rediscovered drug form." Farmacja Polska 76, no. 7 (September 8, 2020): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/farmpol/126065.

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Kushen, Medina C., and David Frim. "Placement of subdural electrode grids for seizure focus localization in patients with a large arachnoid cyst." Neurosurgical Focus 22, no. 2 (February 2007): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2007.22.2.5.

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✓Subdural electrode arrays are placed to localize seizure foci for possible resection. The procedure is usually straightforward when an electrode grid array is placed on the brain convexity but can become complicated if the surface on which the grids are applied is not convex. Arachnoid cysts can be associated with seizures, but their topography presents a challenge to standard techniques for the placement of subdural grids. The authors report on a technique for electrode grid placement that successfully localized seizure foci in the depths of arachnoid cysts in two patients. Subdural grids were placed to conform to the concave cyst cavity. They were held in place with rolled gelatin foam padding, which filled the arachnoid cyst. The padding was removed before removing the electrode grids and resecting the seizure focus. Although arachnoid cysts present a technical challenge when seizure foci are located within the cyst cavity, the technique of packing the cyst cavity with gelatin foam provides good electrode contact on the concave cyst wall, allowing adequate seizure focus localization.

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Pini, André Mendes, and Guilherme Fenício Alves Macedo. "A redução das assimetrias regionais em meio à crise da integração sul-americana." Conjuntura Austral 13, no. 63 (August 31, 2022): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2178-8839.122540.

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O artigo examina o papel do Fundo para Convergência Estrutural do Mercosul na redução das assimetrias dos Estados Parte do Mercosul em um contexto de crise da integração regional sul-americana. O foco do artigo são os projetos do FOCEM destinados ao Paraguai. Por meio da metodologia de estudo de caso qualitativo e da ampla utilização de fontes primárias documentais e estatística descritiva, o trabalho argumenta que, embora a integração regional sul-americana, em um sentido amplo, passe por um processo de crise devido à sua característica fragmentada, iniciativas pautadas por elementos técnicos, voltados a concepções sociais da América do Sul demonstraram ser menos suscetíveis às vicissitudes políticas da região, acabando por atenuar os efeitos negativos dessa fragmentação. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que o FOCEM, mesmo em um cenário de fragmentação de processos de integração regional e de enfraquecimento do Mercosul, tem sucesso ao desempenhar um papel de redução das assimetrias regionais. Isso ocorre porque além de o FOCEM possuir corpo burocrático consolidado, executa projetos pragmáticos e que geram efeitos sociais coletivos positivos por atuarem em setores como infraestrutura e competitividade regional.

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Oliveira, Mírian, Grace Vieira Becker, Cristiane Drebes Pedron, and Felipe Dall´Igna. "Espiral do conhecimento em frameworks de gestão do conhecimento: o caso de duas organizações em Portugal." Perspectivas em Ciência da Informação 15, no. 3 (2010): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-99362010000300009.

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O objetivo é analisar como os frameworks de implementação de Gestão do Conhecimento (GC) contemplam as formas de conversão do conhecimento. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso em duas organizações que atuam em Portugal. Os frameworks focam nos aspectos relacionados com as condições para a implementação da GC e não nos modos de conversão do conhecimento. Concluiu-se que uma organização possui maior foco na externalização e outra organização possui um equilíbrio entre os modos de conversão.

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Francisco, Joseph S. "Post-Hartree–Fock study on FOCl+ and FClO+." Journal of Chemical Physics 108, no. 2 (January 8, 1998): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.475427.

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de Melo, J. P. B. C., T. Frederico, E. Pace, S. Pisano, and G. Salmè. "Electromagnetic Hadron Form Factors and Higher Fock Components." Nuclear Physics A 782, no. 1-4 (February 2007): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.10.027.

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Bogdanovich, P. "Another form of quasi-relativistic Hartree-Fock equations." Lithuanian Journal of Physics 46, no. 2 (2006): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3952/lithjphys.46203.

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Porto Junior, Francisco Gilson Rebouças, and Vanda Micheli Burginski. "EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA E PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: OLHARES SOBRE AS DIVERSAS CONSTRUÇÕES E FAZERES." Capim Dourado: Diálogos em Extensão 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2595-7341.2020v3n2p12.

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A Revista Capim Dourado: Diálogos em Extensão apresenta seu segundo número de 2020. Os textos que compõem esse número focam nas práticas durante a pandemia do COVID-19 e nos ajudam a começar a caminhada e o olhar sobre a extensão em suas diversas facetas. Nesse número e no próximo, o foco serão os relatos de experiência de diversas práticas. Esses estão em espaços e momentos diferentes, demonstrando a riqueza do que a Extensão vem desenvolvendo, mesmo sob as duras situações causadas pela Covid-19 no Brasil e no mundo

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Barros, Eliana Merlin Deganutti de. "O trabalho do professor sob o ponto de vista dos gestos didáticos." Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada 13, no. 3 (2013): 741–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-63982013005000011.

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Este artigo tem como foco o trabalho do professor sob o ponto de vista dos recentes estudos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (tanto no Brasil como no exterior), com enfoque especial para a problemática dos gestos didáticos. Para ilustrar as discussões teóricas, apresentamos uma análise do primeiro módulo da sequência didática do gênero "carta de reclamação", elaborada e desenvolvida a partir do enfoque colaborativo, num 6º ano da escola pública, durante o processo do nosso doutoramento. Essa análise foca o trabalho docente, pelo viés dos gestos didáticos (fundadores e específicos) na mobilização da ferramenta "sequência didática".

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Zaim, Souad, Lakhdar Belabid, and Miloud Bellahcene. "Biocontrol of Chickpea Fusarium Wilt by Bacillus Spp. Rhizobacteria." Journal of Plant Protection Research 53, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2013-0027.

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Abstract Among 131 rhizobacteria isolates, 29 potentially antagonistic strains were screened in in vitro assays. The five antagonistic Bacillus spp. Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15 showed the most inhibitory effect against FOC1 (from 25.63 to 71.11%), mycelial growth, and FOC2 (from 28.43 to 60.65%) in vitro. Results also revealed that production of volatile metabolite, components and inhibition of the test pathogen by volatile metabolites varied among different antagonistic rhizobacteria. Isolates Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15 produced more volatile metabolites which inhibited mycelial FOC growth by 40%. Chickpea Fusarium wilt severity caused by FOC1 was reduced from 60 to 99% in the susceptible cultivar ILC 482 treated with antagonistic Bacillus spp. (Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15) in pot assays and by 98, 81, 68, 64, 57.20%, respectively, in the field trials. As for their beneficial effects on disease control, the results revealed that Bacillus spp. may improve plant growth and disease control.

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Gamo, Alessandro, and Daniel Maggi. "El Terminal de Pasajeros de Maracaibo: Personagem e Cultura Popular no Documentario Contemporaneo Venezuelano." Revista_Mídia_e_Cotidiano 9, no. 9 (August 12, 2016): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/ppgmc.v9i9.9786.

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Este artigo se debruça sobre um dos paradigmas mais importantes da cinematografia documentária venezuelana dos últimos 16 anos: seu foco em personagens oriundos das classes populares, muitos deles marginalizados, e nas formas culturais que lhes são próprias. Para tal fim, analisamos o longa-metragem El terminal de pasajeros de Maracaibo (Yanilú Ojeda, 2006-2008), título que apresenta uma polifonia de personagens humildes e anônimos que fazem vida no terminal rodoviário da segunda cidade mais populosa da Venezuela. A análise foca a construção da narrativa do filme, aprofundando em aspectos como personagens, performance e características axiográficas da linguagem de câmera.

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Recuero, Raquel, Gabriela Zago, and Marco Toledo Bastos. "O discurso dos #ProtestosBR: análise de conteúdo do Twitter." Galáxia (São Paulo) 14, no. 28 (December 2014): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-25542014217911.

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O artigo foca na análise do discurso de mensagens no Twitter relacionadas aos protestos que ocorreram, em junho, no Brasil. Nosso objetivo é discutir as relações entre os conceitos e suas redes de sentido de forma a desvelar características e elementos que conformem padrões discursivos. Como principais resultados, discutimos o uso do Twitter para narrar os protestos e mobilizar as pessoas, mais do que efetivamente para discuti-los, bem como a presença de atores-chave, contextos e demandas, além do foco na narrativa ao vivo, o uso de hashtags panfletárias e a localização específica dos tweets.

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Stolk, LM. "New product form: Calcipotriol/betamethasone aerosol foam for psoriasis." Ge-Bu 86-90, no. 9 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35351/gebu.2019.9.17.

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Cowell, Ian G., Nicola J. Sunter, Prim B. Singh, Caroline A. Austin, Barbara W. Durkacz та Michael J. Tilby. "γH2AX Foci Form Preferentially in Euchromatin after Ionising-Radiation". PLoS ONE 2, № 10 (24 жовтня 2007): e1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001057.

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Huang, Ming, Chunhui Wang, Le Quan, Thi Hai-Yen Nguyen, Hanyang Zhang, Yi Jiang, Gangil Byun, and Rodney S. Ruoff. "CVD Growth of Porous Graphene Foam in Film Form." Matter 3, no. 2 (August 2020): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.06.012.

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Parsons, N. S., and C. A. Mountain. "Investigating polyurethane foam as a form of trace evidence." Science & Justice 47, no. 1 (May 2007): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2006.06.001.

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Honegger, Reinhard, and Alfred Rieckers. "The general form of non-Fock coherent boson states." Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences 26, no. 2 (1990): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2977/prims/1195171085.

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Correia-Lima, Bruno Chaves, Elisabeth Loiola, and Cláudio Bezerra Leopoldino. "Revisão bibliográfica de escalas de aprendizagem organizacional com foco em seus processos e resultados, em seus enablers ou em aprendizagem e desempenho." Organizações & Sociedade 24, no. 82 (September 2017): 509–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-9240828.

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Resumo Neste artigo, objetivou-se analisar escalas utilizadas para investigar a aprendizagem organizacional (AO), tomando-se como referência as clivagens existentes no campo (relações entre aprendizagem individual (AI) e AO, AO e organizações de aprendizagem (OA), níveis de AO e suas relações, quem aprende ou o fenômeno da conversão de AI em AO). As 24 escalas selecionadas foram classificadas em: (1) foco em processos e resultados da aprendizagem; (2) foco em fatores que facilitam a aprendizagem; (3) foco em AO e desempenho. Todas as escalas revisadas não estimulam a associação das evocações dos entrevistados com experiências concretas de aprendizagem. Tratam sempre de aprendizagens genéricas/abstratas, sugerindo que os respondentes aprendem de forma contínua e, consequentemente, inexistem fronteiras entre situações de trabalho e de aprendizagem. Verifica-se, ainda, tendência ao desenvolvimento de escalas parcimoniosas e multiníveis, embora poucas considerem o nível interorganizacional. Também, que a problemática de conversão de AI em AO ainda é negligenciada, mesmo naquelas escalas que focam processos; a aprendizagem de indivíduos nas organizações confunde-se com AO, sobretudo nas escalas de enablers e de AO e desempenho, mas não só nessas; os construtos de AI e de AO são medidos exclusivamente por autopercepção dos respondentes; confusão entre os conceitos de AO e de OA; e o predomínio de variáveis não financeiras para medir o construto “desempenho” como variável dependente da AO.

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Duarte, Fábio Bonfim. "Codificação de argumentos e ergatividade (cindida) em Tenetehára." LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas 5, no. 1 (March 13, 2012): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/liames.v5i1.1441.

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Este texto examina as propriedades morfossintáticas dos prefixos {Ø- ~ r-} e {i- ~h-} no mecanismo de codificação dos argumentos. Nossa hipótese é que esses afixos apontam para a relação gramatical de adjacência e não-adjacência entre complementos e núcleos nos sintagmas genitivos, nos sintagmas posposicionais e nas orações independentes e dependentes. Em construções de foco de objeto (CFO), o prefixo {i- ~ h} pode marcar o movimento do objeto ou do sujeito para a posição de Spec-FocP. Além disso, o sufixo {-n ~ -Ø} que co-ocorre com o prefixo {i- ~ h-} no Indicativo II e nas CFOs sinaliza o deslocamento de sintagmas XPs para posições A-barra, no domínio do CP.

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Natal, Ariadne, Frederico Castelo Branco, and Marcos Cesar Alvarez. "Legitimidade e obediência: diálogos da Criminologia com a Teoria sociológica." Tempo Social 33, no. 3 (December 19, 2021): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.190229.

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O artigo discute concepções de legitimidade e de obediência sugeridas por algumas abordagens da teoria social. Dispõe-se a problematizar perspectivas que examinam tais noções no âmbito de pesquisas sociológicas e criminológicas, com foco em análises de instituições de segurança e de justiça. Partindo dos escritos de Weber sobre ordens legítimas e os tipos de dominação, exploramos as propostas de operacionalização da legitimidade elaboradas por Beetham e Coicaud. Em seguida, introduzimos o debate de criminólogos contemporâneos como Tyler, Bottoms e Tankebe, que se focam na legitimidade das leis e da polícia. Por fim, discutimos os entraves para a mensuração da legitimidade e apresentamos solução adotada no contexto brasileiro.

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