Дисертації з теми "Focalisation en champ proche"
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Iliopoulos, Ioannis. "Engineering the near field of radiating systems at millimeter waves : from theory to applications." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S165.
Повний текст джерелаWith the demand for near-field antennas continuously growing, the antenna engineer is charged with the development of new concepts and design procedures for this regime. From the microwave and up to terahertz frequencies, a vast number of applications, especially in the biomedical domain, are in need for focused or shaped fields in the antenna proximity. This work proposes new theoretical methods for near-field shaping based on different optimization schemes. Continuous radiating planar apertures are optimized to radiate a near field with required characteristics. In particular, a versatile optimization technique based on the alternating projection scheme is proposed. It is demonstrated that, based on this scheme, it is feasible to achieve 3-D control of focal spots generated by planar apertures. Additionally, with the same setup, also the vectorial problem (shaping the norm of the field) is addressed. Convex optimization is additionally introduced for near-field shaping of continuous aperture sources. The capabilities of this scheme are demonstrated in the context of different shaping scenarios. Additionally, the discussion is extended to shaping the field in lossy stratified media, based on a spectral Green's functions approach. Besides, the biomedical applications of wireless power transfer to implants and breast cancer imaging are addressed. For the latter, an extensive study is included here, which delivers an outstanding improvement on the penetration depth at higher frequencies. The thesis is completed by several prototypes used for validation. Four different antennas have been designed, based either on the radial line slot array topology or on metasurfaces. The prototypes have been manufactured and measured, validating the overall approach of the thesis
Zhang, Ting. "Electromagnetic wave imaging of targets buried in a cluttered medium using an hybrid Inversion-DORT method." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037906.
Повний текст джерелаPaković, Srdan. "Contributions to the theory of non diffractive waves and synthesis of metallic Bessel beam/X-wave launchers." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1S128.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis present the author’s contributions to the field of non-diffractive waves. Essentially, non-diffractive waves are electromagnetic beams that radiate localized energy with a variety of potential practical applications. The work presented in this thesis can be divided into two parts. In the first part, a novel concept of synthesizing metallic spline profiled Bessel beam/X-wave launchers has been proposed. First, an ad-hoc tool based on mode matching is presented. The tool is capable of evaluating the S parameters, near-, and far-field radiation patterns of metallic structures with azimuthal symmetry. Then, metallic Bessel beam/X-wave launchers are synthesized using the ad-hoc tool. The concept has been experimentally validated by manufacturing and measuring an X-wave launcher operating in a 75-105 GHz frequency range. The fabricated launcher is the first experimental demonstration of an X-wave launcher at such frequencies. In the second part, we have investigated the use of non-diffractive waves for wireless power transfer. First, the use of Bessel-Gauss beams for WPT is investigated. The superior performance of Bessel-Gauss beams compared to Bessel beams is demonstrated. A Bessel-Gauss launcher has been designed for validating this claim. The power transfer coefficient of the launcher exceeds 50% for distances exceeding its non-diffractive range
Marchi, Florence. "Nanolithographie par microscopies en champ proche." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22078.
Повний текст джерелаDegeorges, Jean-François. "Rayonnement acoustique des plaques en champ proche." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376130547.
Повний текст джерелаFayjaloun, Rosemary. "Estimation du mouvement fort en champ proche." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU031/document.
Повний текст джерелаAccumulated data of strong ground motions have been providing us very important knowledge about rupture processes of earthquakes, propagation-path, site-amplification effects on ground motion, the relation between ground motion and damage... However, most of the ground motion databases used in the development of ground motion prediction models are primarily comprised of accelerograms produced by small and moderate earthquakes. Hence, as magnitude increases, the sets of ground motions become sparse. Ground motion databases are poorly sampled for short source-to-site distance ranges (‘Near-fault’ ranges). However, the strongest ground shaking generally occurs close to earthquake fault rupture. Countries of moderate to high seismicity for which major faults can break in the vicinity of its major cities are facing a major seismic risk, but the lack of earthquake recordings makes it difficult to predict ground motion. Strong motion simulations may then be used instead. One of the current challenges for seismologists is the development of reliable methods for simulating near-fault ground motion taking into account the lack of knowledge about the characteristics of a potential rupture. This thesis is divided into 2 parts. Part 1 focuses on better understanding the seismic rupture process and its relation with the near-fault ground motion. The mechanisms of peak ground motion generating are investigated for homogeneous as well as for heterogeneous ruptures. A quantitative sensitivity analysis of the ground motion to the source kinematic parameters is presented, for sites located in the vicinity of the fault rupture, as well as far from the rupture. A second chapter is dedicated to a major near-fault source effect: the directivity effect. This phenomenon happens when the rupture propagates towards a site of interest, with a rupture speed close to the shear-wave speed (Vs); the waves propagating towards the site adds up constructively and generates a large amplitude wave called the pulse. The features of this pulse are of interest for the earthquake engineering community. In this chapter, a simple equation is presented that relates the period of the pulse to the geometric configuration of the rupture and the site of interest, and to the source parameters.Part 2 is dedicated to better estimate the seismic hazard in Lebanon by simulating the strong ground motion at sites near the main fault (the Yammouneh fault). Lebanon is located in an active tectonic environment where the seismic hazard is considered moderate to high. Historically, destructive earthquakes occurred in the past, the last one dates back to 1202. However, strong motion has never been recorded in Lebanon till now due to the presently infrequent large-magnitude seismicity, and therefore facing an alarming note of potential new ruptures. The Yammouneh fault is a large strike-slip fault crossing Lebanon, making all its regions located within 25km away from the fault. At first, the crustal structure tomography of Lebanon, in terms of Vs, is performed using the ambient noise, in order to characterise the wave propagation from the rupture to the ground surface. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the 3D Vs tomography in Lebanon. Afterwards, a hybrid approach is presented to simulate broadband near-fault ground motion . At low-frequencies (≤1Hz), potential ruptures of M7 are simulated (as defined in the previous chapters), and the generated slip rate functions are convolved with the Green’s functions computed for the propagation medium defined by the Vs tomography. The ground-motion is complemented by a high-frequency content (up to 10Hz), using a stochastic model calibrated by near-fault recordings and accounting for the presence of the directivity pulse. The computed peak ground acceleration is compared to the design acceleration in Lebanon
Payet, Pierre. "Injection électromagnétique et microscopie en champ proche." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS027/document.
Повний текст джерелаMicrowave near-field microscopes are emerging tools for material characterization. In this work, a near-field probe was designed, described and analyzed in terms of performance and resolution. This probe has been associated with two microscopes in the near microwave field. The first microscope is based on intensity reflectometry and evaluated the quality and lateral resolution of the probe. This resolution can reach a subwavelength dimension, opening the way to local characterization of materials. The second experiment presents the design of a materials characterization bench. This system uses an I/Q mixer to extract information in intensity and phase of near-field interaction. Finally, the last experiment concerns electromagnetic injection in the near field of an out-of-band signal on a communication module. The overall results show that the near-field injection experiment has the potential to become an important metrology tool for susceptibility studies
Degeorges, Jean-François. "Rayonnement acoustique des plaques en champ proche." Le Mans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEMA1016.
Повний текст джерелаAdam, Ronan. "Sondes de champ proche pour l'imagerie térahertz." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20125.
Повний текст джерелаPizzagalli, Laurent. "Amas supportes et microscopie en champ proche." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13166.
Повний текст джерелаGariel, Jean-Christophe. "Simulation numérique des mouvements forts en champ proche." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613815j.
Повний текст джерелаLAHRECH, AHMED. "Imagerie infrarouge par microscopie en champ proche optique." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112291.
Повний текст джерелаSthal, Fabrice. "Microscopie acoustique en champ proche a pointe vibrante." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA2002.
Повний текст джерелаPayet, Nicolas. "Caractérisation d'antennes HF par mesures en champ proche." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066157.
Повний текст джерелаAfter having been neglected in recent decades, the RF frequency band (3-30~MHz) is currently experiencing a revival. Initially reserved for long-distance communication, by reflection of waves on the ionosphere, the HF band is widely used in radar to detect targets beyond the radio horizon. The performances of such systems depend on the precise knowledge of the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna. Metric dimensions of these transmitters forbid direct in situ measurement of the electric field radiated by the antenna in the far field zone. In addition, modes of propagation, sky wave and surface wave modes, associated with HF antennas are highly dependent on their environment. The objective here is to define a method for characterizing a HF antenna placed above a real ground, based on a near field measurement. We therefore propose two methods to characterize a HF antenna. The first is based on a modal expansion of the near field, for which we take the ground into account by using a reflection coefficient. Then through an asymptotic expansion of the electric field spectrum, we determine the far field of the antenna. The second method uses a method of moments to identify the equivalent sources modelling the antenna under test. Those equivalent sources are elementary vertical and horizontal dipoles, for which radiation has been analytically calculated by Peter Bannister. A regularization method is used to extract, on the one hand, a physical solution, and on the other hand, to make the linear system less sensitive to measurement noise
Gariel, Jean-Christophe. "Simulation numérique des mouvements forts en champ proche." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10080.
Повний текст джерелаClauzier, Sébastien. "Conception et réalisation d'antennes intégrables en mâture pour les plateformes navales : applications aux communications V/UHF et à un radar de navigation à balayage électronique en bande X." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S067.
Повний текст джерелаThe need to communicate and detect potential enemies increases with the extension of maritime conflicts. This need impacts directly the number of antennas on naval platforms. However, this increase of aerials leads to several damaging effects: like coupling or high radar signature. To limit this effect, some companies have developed integrated mast design. This structure limits the coupling effect between aerials by a subdivision of the mast and provides an omnidirectional coverage for all antennas inserted inside the mast. The objective of the thesis is to design two antenna systems for the compact integrated mast (CmastTM) developed by the Constructions Mécanique de Normandie (CMN): a communication antenna in the V/UHF band and an electronically scanning antenna for a maritime navigation radar in X-band. For the communication in the V/UHF band, a broadband conical antenna has been developed (225-400MHz). This antenna provides an optimized radiation pattern to insure the communications between the ship and the aircrafts. An experimental validation has been done with a prototype. In the second study, we have developed an electronically scanning antenna for a navigation radar. This antenna is based on a transmit-array technology including an illuminating feed and an antenna which generates the appropriate radiation pattern. A large part of the study has been done on the feed, which illuminates an array with specific dimensions (1530mmx100mm). Three different near-field focusing feeds have been developed and some of them have been validated experimentally. Then, two architectures of transmit-array antennas have been studied, using two different technologies: printed technology and a mixed technology with waveguide and horn
Li, Claire. "Étude des propriétés de champ proche et de champ lointain des nano-antennes infrarouges." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET044.
Повний текст джерелаNanoantennas have the ability to manipulate light both spatially and spectrally at the nanoscale. They can be arranged in arrays by the periodization of a pattern in order to construct tunable metasurfaces with spatially homogeneous properties. A promising application is the use of nanoantennas as thermal emitters for the design of infrared sources that bypass the limitations of conventional ones. Nevertheless, ensemble measurements give rise to collective effects such as inter-antenna coupling that are liable to impair the global optical response compared to that of the unit cell. The objective of this thesis is to develop highly-sensitive experimental methods that can resolve the intrinsic optical response of a subwavelength structure so that resonant processes at the single nano-antenna scale are better understood.The study hinges on two main research axes, one dedicated to a near-field technique using a thermal radiation scanning tunneling microscope for super-resolved imaging, the other pertaining to the development of an original experimental set-up that can extract the emission spectrum of a single nanoantenna in the far field. Following the results obtained with single nanoantennas, more complex structures comprised of several nanoantennas are investigated to characterize their interaction. This work paves the way towards design improvement of nanophotonic structures based on nanoantennas and control over their behavior in both the near field and the far field
Castanié, Etienne. "Émission dipolaire et absorption en champ proche de nanostructures." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642536.
Повний текст джерелаMimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493016.
Повний текст джерелаLecaque, Romain. "Microscopie optique de champ proche dans le domaine terahertz." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087889.
Повний текст джерелаTout d'abord, nous avons développé un instrument dont l'originalité réside dans l'illumination qui est assurée par une source locale IR/THz générée in situ par rectification optique. Plusieurs échantillons métalliques et diélectriques ont alors été imagés, mettant en évidence une résolution sub-longueur d'onde dans le domaine THz. Parallèlement, une étude théorique a permis de comprendre les mécanismes de formation des images dans le microscope.
Une autre version du microscope optique de champ proche, fonctionnant dans un mode dit sans ouverture a aussi été élaboré. Cette configuration a permis d'atteindre une résolution inférieure au micron dans le domaine THz, grâce à l'ajout d'une pointe métallique fonctionnant comme un diffuseur des ondes évanescentes.
Mamouni, Ahmed. "Radiométrie microonde en champ proche applications médicales (thermographie microonde) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615654c.
Повний текст джерелаFoubert, Kevin. "Etude en champ proche optique de structures nanophotoniques couplées." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS091.
Повний текст джерелаSince the end of the XXth century, optics benefits from significant breakthrough comingfrom the micro-electronic technologies. It is thus now possible to produce, guide, slow downor even trap light on a chip at a sub-wavelength scale. In this thesis, we study such opticalcomponents thanks to a Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope (SNOM).The first part exposes an overall view of the current situation in the field of dielectricsubstrate integrated nanophotonics. Some of the recent outstanding issues and results are hereintroduced, as well as the general principle and the necessary tools to operate a SNOM.The second part is dedicated to optical near-field microscopy, technically speaking. Thephysical rules are here developed. Then we detail the instrumental set up of our own SNOMon our optical characterization bench. We end by analysing the optical images formation witha SNOM.The third part bears upon the study of Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) coupled waveguides whereoptical nano-cavities could be inserted, by resorting to the previously implemented SNOM.Overlapping evanescent fields induced coupling phenomena are numerically and analyticallystudied. The use of the SNOM allowed us here to check the validity of our models. Besides,we have directly observed thanks to this instrument the guiding and confinement of light ina low refractive index media. However, we show that this phenomenon is highly subjected tofabrication uncertainties. Finally, we use the SNOM and spectral measurements in order todemonstrate that systems of N coupled nanocavities could be described with a simple coupledmodes model
Guillet, Jean-Paul. "Développement d'un système de microscopie en champ proche terahertz." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20193/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe developed two configurations of terahertz near field microscope. Th first one use an aperture and the other use a tip. We studied Sommerfeld wire waves
Seghouani, Nassim. "Méthodes de régularisation appliquées à l'holographie acoustique champ proche." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30077.
Повний текст джерелаEl-Khoury, Ziad. "Transformée par ondelettes appliquée à l'holographie acoustique champ proche." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30262.
Повний текст джерелаCastanié, Etienne. "Emission dipolaire et absorption en champ proche de nanostructures." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066656.
Повний текст джерелаBenfedda, Mohamed. "Micro-sondes de champ proche optique pour l'opto-électronique." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20068.
Повний текст джерелаMamouni, Ahmed. "Radiométrie microonde en champ proche : applications médicales (Thermographie Microonde)." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10075.
Повний текст джерелаCaplain, Emmanuel. "Développement de capteurs et d'instrumentations pour champ proche acoustique." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20107.
Повний текст джерелаMignard, France. "Microscopie optique en champ proche de dispositifs optoelectroniques integrés." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077169.
Повний текст джерелаQuidant, Romain. "Dispositifs optiques submicroniques : nanofabrication et caractérisation en champ proche." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS026.
Повний текст джерелаGreusard, Léo. "Etude en champ proche de sources plasmoniques actives dans le proche infrarouge et méthode d'imagerie basée sur l'action d'un champ électromagnétique sur une pointe." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066742.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we adapt an aperture scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) featuring an aluminum hollow pyramid as a probe, for a use in the near-infrared range (NIR). We apply this SNOM system to characterize tensile-strained quantum well laser diodes with a metallic patterning designed for an electrical and integrated generation of surface plasmons-polaritons (SPPs) at the telecom wavelengths. SPPs are generated by structuring the top surface of the diode ridge with a gold grating. The study of the transverse mode field distribution also allows us to analyze the influence of the metallic layer on the cavity and to show the eventual existence of a hyrid plasmonic mode. We also develop a broadband super-resolution imaging technique based on the action of an intensity-modulated electromagnetic field on an atomic force microscopy tip. The study as a function of the modulation frequency shows several regimes where different mechanisms are involved in the field-tip interaction. We also validate its ability to probe evanescent fields and subwavelength apertures in a metallic film, from the visible range up to the mid-IR
Brissinger, Damien. "Étude et manipulation de modes résonants en champ proche optique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678449.
Повний текст джерелаToullier, Sebastien. "Developpement de Sondes Thermoelectriques pour applications de type champ Proche." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00613255.
Повний текст джерелаSamson, Benjamin. "Imagerie thermique par microscopie en champ proche à sonde fluorescente." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440188.
Повний текст джерелаBrissinger, Damien. "Etude et manipulation de modes résonnants en champ proche optique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688008.
Повний текст джерелаHalidi, El Mohamed. "Études RMN et IRM en champ proche : développements et applications." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20261/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe principle of NMR is based on the detection of the magnetization originating from the spin of atomic nuclei such as 13C, 31P and 1H. The sample is placed in a static magnetic field, which polarizes the ensemble of spins and it is excited by radiofrequency pulses (wavelength about one meter), that tilt the axis of the magnetization. When the magnetization returns to equilibrium, it generates an electromagnetic field which is classically detected by a receiving antenna (coil with atuning/matching circuit) in inductive coupling.In this work, we propose the use of a micrometer-sized probe positioned in the vicinity of the object of interest, at a distance well shorter than the wavelength of the radiated NMR signal.Our microprobe presents innovative characteristics (i) a capacitive coupling (electric field component), (ii) reduced dimensions for an accurate positioning, which ensure the detection of NMR signal from the sample and (iii) it has a broadband, which allows use to detect any nuclei without being tuned to the Larmor frequency.To introduce you this new alternative, the tools necessary to the understanding of this work, in this case the principle of NMR/MRI and an introduction of the theory of the electric near field are given initially.We made also a state of the art of existing methods and techniques for measuring the NMR signal to identify the benefits that such a system (method : capacitive coupling and device : microprobe near field) can bring to the NMR technique.Then, we have characterized our microprobe to enhance its localized detection due to its small size (127 μm in diameter and 2mm in length). In this stage of characterization, we demonstrated that the NMR signal recovered by our antenna can be described by the electric near field expression :E(x, z) = A(Kz ) exp(i(z/L)) exp(−x/L) +Propagative TermFinally, we applied our system to make NMR studies such as spectroscopy, the relaxometry and NMR Imaging. We have outlined some potential projects to the continuity of this work
He, Hongyang. "Traitement d'antennes pour la localisation de sources en champ proche." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2001.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis addresses the near-field source localization problem. The main difficulties in this domain come from two aspects. Firstly, the sphericity of the received signal wavefront must be considered due to the reduced source-array distance, which limits the use of the well-studied and efficient far-field methods in the estimation. Several improved techniques are proposed and presented. These methods, based on the approximations of signal model, are able to estimate the sources parameters with a higher efficiency and a better performance than the classical techniques. Secondly, the unavoidable presence of the array imperfections, which can degrade greatly the estimation performances in a real environment, is considered. The calibration techniques are used to solve this problem. In order to minimize the negative influences of the undesirable effects on the estimation, measurement data are used in calibration. The proposed calibration technique, based on the interpolation of the measurement data, presents good performances on estimation efficiency and precision. This report considers also the passive source localization problem. A MIMO-based approach is proposed and found to be able to improve greatly the performances of parameter estimation
Farnault, Etienne. "Contribution à l'étude d'un microscope thermoélastique fonctionnant en champ proche." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2068.
Повний текст джерелаOuardirhi, Zacharia. "Technique expérimentale de mesure en champ proche pour le calcul du champ lointain d'éléments rayonnants filaires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ53595.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMitiche, Sarra. "Plasmonique, un outil pour l'ingénierie du champ électromagnétique aux petites échelles : Manipulation du champ proche optique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS321.
Повний текст джерелаAt nanometer scale, the metallic particles exhibit new optical properties related to the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. A plasmon resonance is a collective and coherent oscillation of the conduction electrons at a metallic nanoparticle surface under an external electromagnetic field. The resonance wavelength and the spatial distribution of the associated electromagnetic field depend on the nanoparticle characteristics (size, shape and chemical nature), the surrounding dielectric medium and the illumination geometry.The excitation of surface plasmons generates local electromagnetic fields of high intensity located at specific points of the nanoparticle called "hot spots". The light is miniaturized and confined in sub-wavelength areas (<20 nm). The ability to produce and control hot spots holds great promise for a large range of applications from information technology to renewable energies and biomedicine. This thesis highlights the possibility of generating and manipulating hot spots in nanostructures throughout the particle geometry or/and the configuration and wavelength of the exciting light. To do this, the optical response of various metallic nano-objects of different geometries and sizes, taken individually: cube, prism ... or in groups: dimer, chain ... are studied by PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy (PEEM), a non-intrusive and high resolution (20 nm) mapping technique allowing a selective addressing of plasmons modes. In addition to this experimental investigation, the search for a specific optical near-field distribution is also carried out using group theory. We developed an original theoretical method allowing to predict in a few minutes the plasmonic response of a 2D or 3D particle, of finite or infinite symmetry, alone or in dimer, from the object and exciting field symmetries. In parallel, numerical simulations using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) have been carried out
Gross, Nathalie. "Microspectrométrie infrarouge en champ proche et champ lointain : développement et application à l'étude de peau humaine." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112070.
Повний текст джерелаWe explore some of the possibilities offered by infrared micro-spectroscopy, defined as the association of scanning microscopic imaging with the analytical properties of infrared spectroscopy. Our goal is to reunite the far-field micro-spectroscopy, particularly performing when using synchrotron radiation, with spectroscopy in the near-field. With the latter technique, still in development, we expect to obtain resolutions much sma1ler than the wavelength by utilizing a tunable infrared source (in our case a free electron laser). Using far-field microscopy, we chose to study the chemical and structural composition of human skin. The spectral evolution observed throughout the various epidermis layers allowed us to characterize, for the first time using infrared spectroscopy, the phenomena of epidermis differentiation. Besides using the intensity profiles of the tissue bio-molecules absorption bands to localize different skin regions, the microscopic data indicate the existence of secondary structures specific to tissue proteins, as well as a very organized lipidic environment in the region of the stratum conium. The application of this technique in cosmetics makes it possible to visualize the microscopic distribution of natural products throughout the various layers of the skin. Our work in near-field techniques was mainly centered on the development of a Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope (PSTM) with emphasis in doing local spectroscopy rather than imaging. Working with model samples (irradiated polymers) we obtained specific spectroscopic signatures as well as observed spectral modifications when passing through regions chemically different. Our data demonstrate the validity of our experimental approach and open several possibilities to future works on the subject
Pagani, Yves. "Théorie rigoureuse de la diffraction pour l'étude d'objets magnéto-optiques : applications champ proche et champ lointain." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2017.
Повний текст джерелаBerguiga, Lotfi. "Etude et réalisation d'un microscope de champ proche optique avec asservissement de type "shear force" : application à l'étude en champ proche du vieillissement de fibres optiques." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS023.
Повний текст джерелаLaverdant, Julien. "Nanosources exaltées pour la spectroscopie non-linéaire en champ proche optique." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192189.
Повний текст джерелаCe mémoire présente l'étude des propriétés optiques à l'échelle nanométrique de films granulaires métalliques. Les modes de résonances plasmons, quand ils sont excités, génèrent des pics d'exaltation localisés.
Pour faire les études expérimentales de ces échantillons, nous avons choisi la microscopie optique de champ proche à ouverture (SNOM). Nos résultats montrent la localisation de champs intenses dans des zones nanométriques. Ces exaltations dépendent de la longueur d'onde et de la polarisation. Il existe un régime purement diffusif quand les résonances plasmons ne sont pas excitées. En augmentant la longueur d'onde, les exaltations apparaissent, mais la diffusion est toujours présente. Une étude statistique par la fonction d'autocorrélation analyse ces deux régimes.
Estruch, T. "Extinction extraordinaire par superposition en champ proche de filtres élémentaires nanostructurés." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020030.
Повний текст джерелаBarras, Guillaume. "Interaction fluide-structure : application aux explosions sous-marines en champ proche." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10003/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn military shipbuilding, ships are designed to withstand conventional threats such as mines or torpedoes. These designs are based on calculations of structural response to underwater explosions in far field, what is relatively well controlled today. The thematic of underwater explosions has indeed benefited from extensive research since the Second World War. This has resulted in robust numerical methods to simulate the main phenomena that characterize such events. These methods used in engineering are based on assumptions that limit their scope. These restrictions are discriminatory when we attempt to simulate underwater explosions in near field which are mainly nonlinear phenomena. In this context, the Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method with Euler-Lagrange coupling is chosen to simulate these problems. To make the method more easily applicable in engineering, its adaptation is based on two points. (1) Firstly the method is developed for two-dimensional cases in order to solve 2D axisymmetric problems with higher speed and accuracy compared to 3D simulations. (2) Then the projection of results from two-dimensional analysis on 2D or 3D grids is implemented. The projection from one grid to the other allows solving the whole problem through successive phases for physics on very different time scales and space scales, what necessitates adapted meshes. The developments are implemented in LS-DYNA code for the revised version 5.1.1 and validated for the different phases of the problem from theoretical and experimental results
Zhang, Lingran. "Modélisation en champ proche de l’interaction entre sol et bloc rocheux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI096/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe prediction of boulder trajectory and the design of protection structures are particularly two main interests of rockfall engineering. The prediction of boulder trajectory largely depends on the bouncing of the boulder, and the design of protection structures, such as embankments, are closely related to the impact force on the boulder.Based on this background, the thesis deals with the interaction between a boulder and a granular medium as well as the bouncing of a boulder on a granular medium, through numerical modelling based on discrete element method. The objective of the thesis is to identify and quantify the mechanisms that governs the bouncing of boulder and the load transfer inside the impacted medium. The main contents include three parts: DEM modelling of the impact process, global bouncing of the boulder and micromechanical behaviour of the impacted medium.The classical contact law implemented with rolling resistance to consider particle shape effects calibrated based on quasi-static triaxial tests is used to model the dynamic impact process. The boulder is modelled as a single sphere with an incident velocity, the medium is modelled as an assembly composed of poly-disperse spherical particles. The numerical impact modelling is validated in terms of impact force, impact duration, penetration depth by experiments from literature.Bouncing of the boulder is investigated together with the energy propagation process inside the impacted medium. The strength of the medium during impact is represented by elastic strain energy, while the strength of the medium is not persistent since the increase of elastic strain energy is followed by the increase of kinetic energy and energy dissipation, as well as the decrease of the coordination number. Boulder's bouncing occurrence obtained based on 3D simulations shows that three impact regimes exist, which is consistent with the results of citet{Bourrier_2008}. In addition, comparison between 2D and 3D bouncing occurrence diagrams shows that the positions and shapes of bouncing occurrence diagrams shift due to the different strength and energy dissipation properties. Based on the two aspects of investigations, the relation between the bouncing of the boulder and the energy propagation inside the medium is discussed.The micromechanical behaviour of the impacted system is investigated by focusing on force chain mechanisms. The force chain network in the impacted medium is characterized based on particle stress information. The aim is to find the role of force chains in the strength and the microstructure of the medium. Investigations of the impact force on the boulder by impacting samples composed of different grain sizes shows that sample composed of big grains resulting in a larger impact force, longer force chains compared with the medium thickness, and large percentage of long age force chains. In addition, the spatial and temporal distribution of force chains are investigated and the results show that the strength of the medium under impact is built by chain particles located between the boulder and the bottom boundary, and the force chain propagation in the lateral direction of the medium plays a secondary role. Moreover, the investigation of force chain buckling mechanisms indicates that, triggered by the relative movements between the chain particles, the increase of buckling number is related to the decrease of impact force on the boulder as well as the increase of kinetic energy and energy dissipation inside the medium
Bakli, Hind. "Développement d’une plate-forme de microscopie champ proche hyperfréquence par interférométrie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10007/document.
Повний текст джерелаNear-field microwave microscopy overcomes the Rayleigh criterion thanks to a local probe whitch fed by a microwave signal generates evanescent waves confined at its end. The resolution limits are no longer determined by the wavelength of the microwave signals, but mainly by the probe geometry. In this kind of characterization technique based on the association of a network analyzer and a near-field probe, the main limitation is the poor measurement sensitivity related to the impedance contrast between the analyzer and the probe. Indeed, the large difference between the impedances of the analyzer (50Ω) and near field probes (a few kΩ) results in a significant mismatch hampering good measurements. In this PhD thesis, we provide solutions to tackle this problem in order to take full advantage of the potentialities of near-field microwave microscopy techniques. An interferometric method is then introduced and formalized. We show that the association of microwave measurements, near-field microscopy methods and interferometry techniques allow foreseeing microwave characterizations with high spatial resolution over a broad frequency range. We demonstrate that these new tools offer the possibility of microwave measurements of the type point-to-point, 1D scanning or 2D imaging on centimeter ranges up to 20 GHz with micrometric spatial resolutions. In particular, local dielectric characterization - related applications are proposed. The results obtained show that the proposed techniques are at the state of the art in terms of operating frequency range and measurement sensitivity
Omarouayache, Rachid. "Imagerie et injection électromagnétique en champ proche micro-onde et millimétrique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS032/document.
Повний текст джерелаNear-field microwave microscopy is developped in two frequency bands. The first experiment involves very high frequencies at 60 GHz. Near-field electric probes were designed, made and tested. We have shown a sensitivity to topography and to the local dielectric constant with a very sub-wavelength resolution of lambda/250.The second experiment was conducted in the 1 MHz - 1 GHz band. Specific magnetic ferrite probes were designed and optimized with aim of integrated circuit coupling applications. We have explained the coupling by a mutual inductance which allowed to derive an electrical circuit model. Experimental applications on dedicated circuits validate the approach