Дисертації з теми "Fly Ash-lime"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Fly Ash-lime".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Liu, Chunhe. "Pathogen inactivation in biosolids with lime and fly ash addition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0028/MQ51743.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаShnorhokian, Shahé. "Immobilization of heavy metals in lime-fly ash cementitious binders." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23937.
Повний текст джерелаResults indicated the capability of lime-fly ash binders in the immobilization of heavy metals. XRD analysis showed the formation of gypsum and the gradual decline in pyrite content in most of the samples. The mineral ettringite was not detected, probably due to the relatively low pH of the samples and a deficiency in reactive aluminum. Hence, the results suggest the existence of other phases, possibly amorphous calcium silicates, which were responsible for the reduction in leachability.
Amiralian, Saeid. "Study on soil stabilisation technique using lime & fly ash." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/892.
Повний текст джерелаJalali, S. "A study of factors affecting the mechanical behaviour of lime-fly ash mixtures." Thesis, Coventry University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357261.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Pingan Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil and Environmental. "Modelling the effects of lime-fly ash columns installed in soft clays." Ottawa, 1995.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMELIANDE, AMANDA MARIA CHRISPIM. "ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SOILS MIXTURES WITH MINERAL COAL FLY ASH AND LIME." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24611@1.
Повний текст джерелаCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Este estudo apresenta o comportamento de misturas de areia e solo argiloso com teores variados de cinza volante, proveniente do processo de queima de carvão mineral no Complexo Termelétrico Jorge Lacerda, localizado no município Capivari de Baixo, no estado de Santa Catarina. O objetivo da presente pesquisa consiste em avaliar a aplicabilidade do uso de misturas solo-cinza e solocinza- cal em obras geotécnicas, como camadas de aterros sanitários, solos de fundação e estabilização de taludes. Foram realizados ensaios de caracterização física, química e mecânica (ensaio de compactação e ensaio de cisalhamento direto). Os ensaios de cisalhamento direto foram realizados em amostras de solo argiloso compactadas na umidade ótima e no peso específico seco máximo correspondente, com teores de cinza volante de 15 por cento e 30 por cento em relação ao peso seco do solo. Já os ensaios em amostras de areia foram realizados para uma densidade relativa de 50 por cento e umidade ótima de 10 por cento, com teores de cinza volante de 15, 30 e 40 por cento em relação ao peso seco do solo. Para as misturas solo-cinza-cal, adicionou-se 3 por cento de cal em substituição ao peso seco da cinza. Foi analisada a influência do tipo de solo, teor de cinza, adição de cal e tempo de cura (0, 30, 100, 125 e 140 dias) para as misturas, sendo a cura adotada somente para as misturas com areia. Os resultados mostraram-se mais satisfatórios para as misturas com solo argiloso, sendo a adição de cal mais eficiente para a mistura com menor teor de cinza. Na ausência de cal, o melhor comportamento obtido foi para a mistura com 15 por cento de cinza. Quanto às misturas com areia e sem cal, os resultados foram inferiores à areia; já no caso das misturas areia-cinza-cal, não foi possível definir um padrão do comportamento com relação ao tempo de cura, pois ainda que tenha havido um aumento da coesão a determinados dias, este ganho veio acompanhado de uma redução no ângulo de atrito, fazendo com que a areia mantivesse um comportamento melhor. Contudo, o teor de 27 por cento de cinza, sob 140 dias de cura, proporcionou ao solo um aumento de ambos os parâmetros, sendo, portanto, o teor ótimo a ser utilizado. Dessa forma, ainda que o emprego da cinza volante em misturas com o solo argiloso tenha se mostrado mais satisfatório, este material também pode ser utilizado em misturas com areia, desde que submetido a elevados períodos de cura e que contenham uma porcentagem de cinza em torno do teor ótimo encontrado, o que viabiliza o emprego positivo deste material em aplicações geotécnicas, possibilitando uma destinação ambientalmente correta deste resíduo e dando um fim mais nobre a este material.
This study presents the behavior of sand and clay soil mixtures with different contents of fly ash, which comes from the coal burning process in Thermoelectric Complex Jorge Lacerda, located in the city of Capivari de Baixo, in Santa Catarina. The aim of this research is to assess the applicability of using soil-ash and soil-ash-lime mixtures in geotechnical works, like landfill layers, foundation soils and slope stabilization. Physical, chemical and mechanical (compaction test and direct shear test) were performed. Direct shear tests were performed on clay soil samples compacted at the optimum moisture content and the corresponding maximum dry specific gravity, with fly ash contents of 15 and 30 per cent, related to the dry weight of soil. Tests on sandy soil samples were performed at the relative density of 50 per cent and optimum humidity of 10 per cent, with fly ash contents of 15, 30 and 40 per cent related to the dry weight of soil. For soil-ash-lime mixtures, it was added 3 per cent of lime to replace the dry weight of ash. It was studied the influence of different parameters: soil type, ash content, lime addition and curing time (0, 30, 100, 125 and 140 days) for the mixtures. Curing process was adopted only for sandy soil mixtures. Results were more suitable for clay soil mixtures, and lime addition was more efficient for the mixture with the lowest ash content, related to 12 per cent. In the absence of lime, the best performance was obtained for the mixture with 15 per cent of ash. For sandy soil mixtures and without lime, the results were inferior to sand; and in the case of soil-ash-lime mixtures, it was not possible to define a pattern of behavior to the curing time, because although there has been an increase in cohesion certain days, this gain was followed by a reduction in friction angle, which has maintained the best performance of sand. However, the ash content of 27 per cent, at 140 days of curing, caused an increase of both parameters, what means that this ash content is the optimum content to be used. Thus, although the use of fly ash in mixtures with clay soil has been more satisfactory, this material can also be used in mixtures with sandy soil, since it contains an ash content around the optimum content found, and since it has been submitted to elevated curing periods, what enables the positive employment of this material in geotechnical applications, providing an environmentally correct disposal of this waste and giving it a noblest destination.
Banasiak, Laura Joan. "The role of a subsurface lime-fly ash barrier in the mitigation of acid sulphate soils." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050706.121221/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаGaribay, Jose Luis. "Guideline for pulverization of stabilized bases." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
Повний текст джерелаCetiner, Sertan Isik. "Stabilization Of Expansive Soils By Cayirhan Fly Ash And Desulphogypsum." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1119387/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаayirhan Thermal Power Plant. Fly ash and desulphogypsum were added to the expansive soil from 0 to 30 percent. Lime was used to see how efficient fly ash and desulphogypsum on expansive soil stabilization were, and was added to the expansive soil from 0 to 8 percent. The properties obtained were chemical composition, grain size distribution, consistency limits, swelling percentage, and rate of swell. Fly ash, desulphogypsum, and lime added samples were cured for 7 days and 28 days, after which they were subjected to free swell tests. Swelling percentage decreased and rate of swell increased with increasing stabilizer percentage. Curing resulted in further reduction in swelling percentage and further increase in rate of swell. 25 percent and 30 percent fly ash and desulphogypsum additions reduced the swelling percentage to levels comparable to lime stabilization.
Moss, Steven Phillip. "Experimental study for asphalt emulsion treated base." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
Повний текст джерелаModi, Deepa. "Potential Utilization of FGD Gypsum for Reclamation of Abandoned Highwalls." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281477085.
Повний текст джерелаTalefirouz, Davood. "Use Of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Steel Slag And Fly Ash In Cement-bentonite Slurry Wall Construction." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615432/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерела9 m/s. Some investigations have pointed toward improved performance using admixtures that would provide low permeability. In this study, Soma thermal power plant fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, lime, and steel slag are used as admixture to improve the performance of slurry walls. Permeability, compressive strength, slump, compressibility properties of the mixtures were found and checked for the minimum requirements. According to the findings of this study, granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash and steel slag can be used at certain percentages and curing periods as additive in cement-bentonite barrier wall construction. Permeability of specimens having fly ash decreases by increasing fly ash content. Mixtures having 50 % of GGBS type I with 5 % of lime and 9% bentonite content gave acceptable results in 28 days of curing time. Specimens including 50 % of GGBS type II with 5 % of lime and 9% bentonite content gave the higher permeability value in 28 days of curing time with respect to GGBS type I. In addition, most of the mixtures prepared by steel slag gave the acceptable permeability values in 28 days of curing period. Unconfined compressive strength of all mixtures increase by increasing curing time. Cc, Cr, Cv, kcon values were found from consolidation test results. Permeability values found from consolidation tests are 10 times to 100 times higher than flexible wall k results for the same effective stress of 150 kPa. Generally, mv values are decreasing with increasing curing time. As mv decreases, D increases.
Paula, Thaís Martins de. "Misturas de cinza volante e cal de carbureto : comportamento da resistência à compressão simples frente à moagem da cinza volante." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143738.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of industry by-products as alternative materials in Engineering has been a recurring topic of research in development of new materials, mainly, due to a larger public conscience regarding the environmental impact of industrial production of waste. Aiming to contribute on this discussion, this research sought to introduce two by-products (fly ash and carbide lime), produced on the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, as an alternative Engineering solution. Analyzing the microstructure of the fly ash, it is observed that it is composed by void spheres and plerospheres (void spheres filed with smaller ones). Having that in mind, it was studied the admix strength gain promoted by the grinding of de fly ash on a ceramic ball mill, aiming an enhancement of the reactivity of the material. In order to enable the use of these byproducts, it is necessary the study of its mechanical behavior due to the cementation provided by the mixture and compaction of these materials. The current research seeks to provide subsides in order to determine its behavior, through the use of the ratio porosity (η)/ volumetric lime content (LV), obtained from the identification and quantification of the most important variables on the control of the strength of the admixes of both by-products, with or without the process of fly ash grinding. This means, the formulation of equations for the simple compressive strength forecast of the cemented material for the fly ash with different grinding times and accelerated curing temperature. In order to do so, it were realized simple compression tests with 5, 10 and 15% of lime, with a specific dry unit weight of 11, 12 and 13 kN/m3, cured for 7 days, with water content of 18% for the grinding times of 0, 2 and 6h to the curing temperatures of 23 and 40oC, and 0 and 6h to 60oC. The results show that, the increase of lime content provided strength gains for the higher temperatures; the decrease of porosity generated strength gain to all the combinations; the increase in curing temperature was important on the strength gain between 23oC and 40oC; the grinding of fly ash for 2h promoted significant strength gains when compared to the not ground samples, however, for 6h of grinding the strength gain wasn’t significant for the 23oC and 60oC curing temperatures. The η/LV ratio, adjusted by an exponent [η/(LV)0,07], presented itself adequate for the formulation of the equations for the forecast of the strength gain of the cemented material to all the studied temperatures and grinding times. Besides that, the existence of unique and distinct relationships on the control of the simple compression strength depending on the porosity, volumetric lime content, curing temperature and grinding time, have been shown useful for the dosage formulation. The results were submitted to variance analysis, which demonstrated that all the factors chosen on the experiment were significant, as all their interactions.
Parker, John Wesley. "Evaluation of Laboratory Durability Tests for Stabilized Subgrade Soils." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2393.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFilho, Juarez Hoppe. "Sistemas cimento, cinza volante e cal hidratada: mecanismo de hidratação, microestrutura e carbonatação de concreto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-19082008-172648/.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of fly ash in the composition of the cementitious material makes it more sustainable, besides conferring to the hydrated matrix peculiar characteristics which improve its performance with relation to the action of different deleterious agents. The main disadvantage of pozzolan utilization in cementious systems is its susceptibility to carbonation. The greatest neutralization rate of the aqueous solution of the cement pore is, generally, attributed to the smallest amount of portlandite remaining in the matrix. It is necessary to widen knowledge about the characteristics of the fly ash which influence the interaction with calcium hydroxide in order to promote preventive measures with regard to portlandite consumption. This current research aims at verifying the efficiency of hydrated lime addition to concrete by using pozzolanic cement as a way of reducing its susceptibility to carbonation. The steps employed to attain this objective include: fly ash characterization with an emphasis on glass content; fly ash and calcium hydroxide systems kinetics; hydration evolution; and the consequent microstructure variation. In cementious systems of concrete whose composition is either 100% cement or 50% cement and 50% fly ash _ with or without 20% addition of hydrated lime _ it was characterized the microstructure of covercrete and its performance with regard to the interaction with carbon dioxide in accelerated testing. In the studied fly ash, glass content was 57% and the maximum consumption per pozzolanic activity, which is function of BET specific surface area, was 0.69 g of Ca(OH)2/g of glass content in the fly ash. As far as pozzolanic Portland cement is concerned, this consumption is smaller due to the structure formed by the cement hydration. The addition of hydrated lime to the cement paste and fly ash, besides increasing the consumption of lime per pozzolanic activity, partially, reestablished the remaining content of portlandite in the matrix. The interaction of the fly ash with the hydrated lime does not interfere in the total volume of void spaces in the hydrated matrix; however, it refines the microstructure by increasing the volume of mesopores. Carbonation in concrete with the same compressive strength of 55 MPa reached its deepest point when performed in pozzolanic cement. The addition of hydrated lime was not efficient at reducing susceptibility to accelerated carbonation.
Roper, Matthew B. "Evaluation of Laboratory Durability Tests for Stabilized Aggregate Base Materials." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/902.
Повний текст джерелаNovaes, Jéssica Flesch. "Misturas cinza volante - cal de carbureto : durabilidade, resistência à tração e compressão." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149252.
Повний текст джерелаThe environmental issue is increasingly been responsible for the generation of new products. Infrastructure construction is one of the largest consumers of natural resources. Looking for the use of industrial residues as material for the construction industry is the overall objective of this research, aiming at environmental and economic benefits. For this, present study has used fly ash (obtained by burning coal in thermoelectric power plants) and carbide lime (originated from the production of acetylene gas) to fabricate a novel material. Through laboratory tests, one aim in this research was to evaluate the influence of the amount of lime and porosity of the blend on durability, splitting tensile strength and unconfined compressive strength, as well as on tensile/compressive ratio. Another objective was to further evaluate the use of the porosity/lime index in the estimation of strength and checking for a unique relationship for this parameter versus accumulated loss of mass/number of cycles. For such study were chosen dry unit weights of 10.6 kN/m³, 11.6 kN/m³ and 12.6 kN/m³ with the respective moisture contents of 36.6%, 31.3% and 25.0% and carbide lime contents of 5%, 8% and 11%. All samples were cured for a period 28 days in a moist chamber at 23°C. The results show that increasing dry unit weight and the amount of carbide lime cause increases in durability and splitting tensile and unconfined compressive strength of the studied blends. The use of an exponent as an adjustment to the porosity/lime index [η/( ) . ] showed to be appropriate for formulating equations for predicting the strength of cemented material and to estimate the accumulated loss of mass/number of cycles. Furthermore, the existence of unique relationships for the control of splitting tensile tests and unconfined compression strength as a function of porosity and volumetric lime content proved useful for the dosage formulations.
Brizola, Rodrigo Matzenbacher. "MICROESTRUTURA DO COBRIMENTO DE CONCRETOS COM ALTOS TEORES DE ESCÓRIA E CINZA VOLANTE ATIVADAS POR CIMENTO PORTLAND E CAL HIDRATADA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7882.
Повний текст джерелаNa história das estruturas de concreto houve período no qual a resistência mecânica foi a propriedade mais importante para os projetistas. Porém, devido ao surgimento de manifestações patológicas nas estruturas de concreto e seus respectivos montantes gastos em recuperação, outro aspecto também está sendo considerado: a durabilidade. Por motivos ambientais como aquecimento global, poluição e diminuição das matérias-primas, prioriza-se também a sustentabilidade. Visando colaborar com estes fatores o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a microestrutura da camada de cobrimento de concretos com substituição em massa de 90% de cimento Portland por adições minerais. Foram pesquisadas três misturas: concreto de referência (100%CPV-ARI), concreto com 70%Escória+20%CinzaVolante e outra mistura similar com adição de 20% de cal hidratada com o intuito de repor parcialmente o hidróxido de cálcio consumido pelas reações pozolânicas as quais foram nomeadas respectivamente de R, EV e EVC. Objetiva, mais especificamente, estabelecer as diferenças microestruturais da camada de cobrimento de protótipos (vigas 70x20x15cm), através dos ensaios de porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio, água combinada, difração de raios-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Para efeito de comparação, também foram realizados ensaios de resistência à compressão em corpos-de-prova (10x20cm) moldados e curados em câmara úmida e em testemunhos (10x20cm) extraídos dos protótipos curados em condições ambientais após 7 dias de cura úmida. Foram estudadas três relações a/ag: 0.40, 0.60 e 0.80 para o concreto R e 0.30, 0.40 e 0.50 para os concretos com adições, obtendo resistências entre 20 e 70MPa. Os ensaios da microestrutura foram realizados aos 91 e 300 dias, com amostras a partir da face dos protótipos, em três camadas, nas profundidades: 0-1cm(C1), 2- 3cm(C2) e 4.5-5.5cm(C3). A evolução da resistência foi acompanhada nas idades de 28, 91, 182 e 300 dias. Os resultados foram analisados em igualdade de relação a/ag e resistência à compressão. Para as relações a/ag 0.40 e 0.50, aos 28 dias de idade, em relação ao concreto de referência, a resistência do concreto EV foi em média 54.0% deste, e o concreto EVC foi 68.5%. E na idade final de 300 dias, os percentuais são de 72.5% e 76%. Em ambas as idades de ensaio, com o aumento da profundidade da camada ocorreu: decréscimo no volume total intrudido de mercúrio, decréscimo no teor de água combinada para o concreto de referência e acréscimo nos concretos com adições, decréscimo na intensidade de pico do hidróxido de cálcio nas três misturas, decréscimo na intensidade de pico do silicato de cálcio hidratado para o concreto de referência e acréscimo nos concretos com adições minerais. A análise das micrografias mostrou refinamento no tamanho dos grãos, maior densificação e uniformidade nas misturas com adições
Saldanha, Rodrigo Beck. "Misturas cinza volante, cal de carbureto e cloreto de sódio : comportamento da resistência à compressão simples, durabilidade e lixiviação em coluna." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185241.
Повний текст джерелаThe big issue of tackling progress, growth, infrastructure, demands, and consumption with sustainability in a world with exponential population growth is still a great challenge for everyone. In this sense, the development and use of new techniques and materials that are concerned with the environmental issue can contribute to a more sustainable development in the construction processes. In this sense, waste reuse has become an effective alternative for the development of sustainability in the construction industry. Among several residues generated there are two with great potential of application in the civil construction, fly ash generated in thermoelectric and carbide lime generated in the production of the acetylene gas that combined generate binders. Therefore, the use of accelerators to facilitate a better mechanical behavior in a shorter curing period should be evaluated. Another important issue relates to the possible presence of heavy metals, trace elements, in fly ash and carbide lime, which should be investigated when using waste as raw material. In this sense, several tests of unconfined compressive strength, durability by wetting and drying and column leaching were conducted. Results showed that the use of NaCl promotes improvement in mechanical behavior in the fly ash-carbide lime mixtures in a shorter curing period due to the higher formation of hydrated components, which could be considered an accelerator for pozzolanic reactions. The variation of lime content, curing time, sodium chloride, porosity and curing temperature significantly altered the behavior of unconfined compression strength and durability. It was possible to apply a relationship between porosity and lime content (adjusted) in the prediction of the strength and durability of lime stabilized ash. Regarding trace elements, fly ash had concentrations of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se) that can be soluble in water above the limits for drinking water, however stabilization of fly ash with carbide lime and addition of NaCl decreased concentration of heavy metals in the column leaching test.
Saldanha, Rodrigo Beck. "Misturas cinza volante e cal de carbureto : comportamento da resistência à compressão simples para cura acelerada." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/107502.
Повний текст джерелаThe environmental issue is becoming a recurring theme in national and international forums, currently inserted in the public opinion, communities and being guiding the generation of new products and services in the industrial and commercial area focused to sustainability. In this sense, the construction industry is a major cause of environmental impact, it consumes considerable natural resources and generates large amounts of waste. Thus, the use of waste as a raw material in the construction industry provides economic and environmental benefits. Looking for progress in this discussion, this research sought to insert two wastes (fly ash and carbide lime), generated in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, as a possibility for solution of Engineering. For this, a study of its mechanical behavior due to cementation and compaction provided by the mixture of these materials is necessary. However there is not a rational dosage formulation of this mixture. Therefore, this research seeks to provide subsidy to determine behavior through the use of the relation of porosity/volumetric lime content obtained from the identification and quantification of the most important variables in the controlling of strength to the mixture of two residues. That is, the formulation of equations for predicting the compressive strength of cemented material into accelerated healing. For this, tests were conducted on samples with 5, 10 and 15% of lime; with dry unit weight of 11, 12 and 13 kN/m³; for 1, 3 and 7 curing days with steam in the temperature of 40, 60 and 80°C; and 3, 7 and 14 days without steam for 23°C. The results show that increasing the amount of carbide lime, dry unit weight, curing time and temperature has as consequence the increase of unconfined compression strength of the compacted mixture. However, the temperature had a limit of influence for 3 and 7 days, where the range of 60°C to 80°C did not increase the unconfined compression strength. The porosity()/volumetric lime content (Lv) ratio adjusted by an exponent [/(Lv)0,11], proved to be adequate to formulate equations to predict the strength of the cemented material for all temperatures and curing times studied. Furthermore, the existence of unique and distinct relationships in the control of unconfined compression strength of the mixture studied as a function of porosity, lime volumetric content, temperature, as for the cure time proved to be useful in dosage formulations. The results were subjected to analysis of variance showing that all the controllable factors chosen for the experiment are significant, as well as all interactions between them.
Bednárik, Vít. "Problematika výroby nového popílkového pórobetonu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226708.
Повний текст джерелаZahálka, Milan. "Ověření různých druhů popílků pro výrobu umělého kameniva." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226707.
Повний текст джерелаAwkes, Meryl Mandy. "Comparison of calcium ameliorants and coal ash in alleviating the effects of subsoil acidity on maize root development near Middelburg, Mpumalanga." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4119.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Acidic soils are a major limitation to agriculture worldwide. The Highveld in South Africa has many acidic soils and several coal burning power stations. These coal burning power stations generate alkaline fly ash as a waste material and it can thus serve as an ameliorant to the surrounding acidic soils. A two year field trial was undertaken to compare fly ash and other calcium ameliorants to alleviate the effects of subsoil acidity on maize root development. The field trail was established on Beestepan Farm in Middelburg, Mpumalanga. It consisted of 24 treatments, each done in triplicate, rendering a total of 72 plots. The materials used were unweathered fly ash (CCE 10%), calcitic lime (CCE 77%) and Calmasil (a calcium silicate slag, CCE 99%). Calmasil and lime were applied at rates of 0-, 1-, 2-, and 4t/ha, while fly ash was applied at 0-, 7-, 14- and 28t/ha. These treatments were applied to an acidic sandy loam soils in the presence or absence of 4t/ha gypsum. Beans were harvested after the first season following the application of amendments and maize was harvested in the second season. Yield, root length, leaf and soil analysis was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the different liming materials. The effect of the treatments on fertility indicators such as pH, exchangeable acidity, Ca and Mg was investigated. Results indicated that all liming materials increased topsoil pH, soil nutrient and base status and crop yield in both seasons. Calmasil was the superior liming material in all respects. Fly ash increased pH minimally but reduced exchangeable acidity by 12% and 24% in the first and second seasons, respectively. Fly ash increased topsoil Ca levels from 74 to 102mg/kg and subsoil Ca from 61 to 114mg/kg. Topsoil Mg levels were increased from 7.3 to 16mg/kg and subsoil Mg was increased from 9.4 to 13mg/kg. The consequence of these increased nutrients was the subsequent increased foliar uptake of Ca and Mg. The substantial increase in bean yield from 958 to 1724kg/ha and maize yield from 5569 to 7553kg/ha following ash application compared well with results obtained from lime and Calmasil application. This may partly be due to the presence of additional plant nutrients such as P and K in the fly ash. Dissolution behaviour of fly ash indicates that upon exposure to acidity the release of micronutrients like B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Mn and Zn occurs, and preliminary data shows that there is comparatively little concern regarding heavy metal accumulation in crops. The application of 4t/ha gypsum had no effect on pH and decreased subsoil acidity only minimally however, subsoil Ca status and acid saturation levels were considerably improved which would possibly account for the overall beneficial effect on maize yield, increasing by an average of 1071kg/ha. It was not possible to make any conclusions relating treatment application and maize root length. This field trial has confirmed that fly ash can be used as an efficient liming material and that it compares well with traditional liming materials.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suurgronde is ‘n groot beperking tot landbou wêreldwyd. Die Suid Afrikaanse Hoëveld het menigte suurgronde en verskeie steenkool-aangedrewe kragstasies. Hiedie kragstasies produseer alkaliese vliegas as ‘n afvalproduk. Hierdie vliegas kan dus dien as ‘n grondverbeteringsmiddel vir die aangrensende suurgronde. ‘n Tweejarige veldproef was onderneem om vliegas met ander kalsium-bevattende grondverbetereringsmiddels te vergelyk om die effek van ondergrondse suurheid op mielies op te hef. Hierdie veldproef was opgeset te Beestepan plaas in Middelburg, Mpumalanga. Dit het bestaan uit 24 behandelings wat drie keer herhaal was en lewer dus ‘n totaal van 72 persele. Die kalkmateriale wat gebruik was, is onverweerde vliegas (KKE 10%), kalsitiese kalk (KKE 77%) en Calmasil (‘n kalsium silikaat slak, KKE 99%). Calmasil en kalk was toegedien teen 0-, 1-, 2-, en 4t/ha, en vliegas teen 0-, 7-, 14- en 28t/ha. Hierdie behandelinge was toegedien tot ‘n suur leemsand met of sonder gips. Gips was toegedien teen 4t/ha. Een jaar nadat behandelinge toegedien was, is boontjies geoes en mieles was die daaropvolgende jaar geoes. Opbrengs, wortel lengte blaar- en grondontledings was uitgevoer om effektiwiteit te evalueer. Die effek van die behandelinge op indikatore van grondvrugbaarheid soos pH, uitruilbare suurheid, Ca en Mg was ondersoek. Resultate dui daarop dat alle kalkmateriale die grond se voedingstof- en basisstatus, bogrond pH asook gewasopbreng verhoog het. Calmasil was die beste kalkmateriaal in alle opsigte. Vliegas het die pH minimaal verhoog, terwyl dit die uitruilbare suurheid verminder het met 12% en 24% in die eerste en tweede jaar onderskeidelik. Vliegas het bogrond Ca vlakke vanaf 74 tot 102mg/kg vermeer, sowel as ondergrond Ca vanaf 61 tot 114mg/kg. Bogrond Mg was vermeer vanaf 7.3 tot 16mg/kg, asook ondergrond Mg vanaf 9.4 tot 13 mg/kg. Die gevolg van hierdie verhoogde voedingstowwe was die toename van Ca en Mg in die blare van die gewasse. Die beduidende toename in opbrengste van boontjies vanaf 958 tot 1724mg/kg en mielies vanaf 5569 tot 7553kg/ha na die toediening van vliegas vergelyk goed met die resultate van kalk en Calmasil. Dit is gedeeltelik toe te skryf aan die teenwoordigheid van addisionele plantvoedingstowwe soos P en K in vliegas. Oplossingstudies van vliegas dui op die teenwoordigheid van mikrovoedingstowwe soos B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Mn en Zn. Aanvanklike data wys dat daar relatief min kommer oor swaarmetaal akkumulasie in gewasse is. Alhoewel 4t/ha gips geen effek op pH gehad het nie, en ondergondrondse suurheid minimaal verminder het, het ondergrondse Ca en gevolglik suurversadiging heelwat verbeter. Dit mag moontlik as verduideliking dien vir die oorhoofse voordelige effek van gips op mielie opbrengste, wat verhoog het met ‘n gemiddelde 1071kg/ha. Oorvleuende omstandighede het daartoe gelei dat geen konkrete afleidings gemaak kon word oor die wortel lengte van die mielies nie. Hierdie veldproef bevestig dat vliegas as ‘n effektiewe kalkmateriaal gebruik kan word en goed vergelyk met tradisionele kalkmateriale.
Dokoupil, Martin. "Vývoj tepelně-izolační hmoty určené pro použití při vysokých teplotách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225904.
Повний текст джерелаBertozzi, Jeannine. "Comportement mécanique d'un sable homométrique stabilisé." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2269.
Повний текст джерелаTixier, Raphaël. "Etude mineralogique et mecanique de la phase liante de graves routieres." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30133.
Повний текст джерелаBeck, Sílvio Maurício. "EFEITOS NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS, ELÁSTICAS E DE DEFORMAÇÃO EM CONCRETOS COM ALTOS TEORES DE ESCÓRIA E CINZA VOLANTE." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7721.
Повний текст джерелаA utilização de subprodutos e resíduos industriais como pozolanas, é uma alternativa para atingir a sustentabilidade, economia e durabilidade em estruturas de concreto. Esta pesquisa possui o objetivo de analisar os efeitos nas propriedades mecânicas, elásticas e de deformação em concretos com elevados teores de escória granulada de alto-forno e cinza volante em substituição ao cimento Portland em massa. O uso de altos teores de adições minerais tem por fim o aumento da durabilidade e redução do consumo de cimento, tendo o uso de cal hidratada a finalidade de ativar estas adições, repor parte do hidróxido de cálcio consumido pelas reações pozolânicas, aumentando as resistências iniciais e finais das misturas. Desta forma, estudaram-se três misturas de concreto: uma sem adições minerais, somente com cimento Portland (CP V-ARI), tomada como referência, com relações a/c 0.40, 0.60 e 0.83, e duas misturas com adições minerais em substituição ao cimento em igual massa, com 70% de escória e 20% de cinza volante, sendo uma delas com adição de 20% de cal hidratada em relação á massa de aglomerantes em adição ao cimento, ambas para relações a/mc 0.30/0.33, 0.40 e 0.49, as quais foram renomeadas como R, EV e EVC. Foram realizados ensaios de resistência a compressão axial em corpos de prova (10x20 cm) nas idades de 07, 28, 91 e 300 dias, cujos resultados variaram entre 18.2 MPa e 81 MPa, ensaios de resistência a tração por compressão diametral e módulo de elasticidade aos 28, 91 e 300 dias, assim como ensaios de retração total em corpos de prova prismáticos (10x10x30 cm) aos 28, 91, 180 e 300 dias. Também se correlacionou os resultados das resistências mecânicas, elásticas e de deformação com algumas variáveis intervenientes e independentes apresentadas, assim como com algumas prescrições normativas existentes. Os resultados foram analisados para cada traço individualmente, em relação aos traços referências, em relação à evolução da resistência, eficiência do uso da cal hidratada e em igualdade de relação a/mc 0.4. Na análise de igualdade de relação a/mc 0.400, em relação ao concreto referência, na idade inicial, a resistência a compressão axial do concreto EV foi, em média, 72% da apresentada por este, sendo a resistência do EVC 55%, e na idade final, 65% e 50%, respectivamente. Em relação à resistência a tração por compressão diametral, aos 28 dias o concreto EV apresentava 76% da resistência do referência, e o concreto EVC 58%. Esta relação, aos 300 dias foi de 80% e 61% respectivamente. Para o módulo de elasticidade, aos 28 dias, o concreto EV apresentou 82% e o EVC 70% do resultado obtido pela mistura referência, mantendo-se esta proporção até a idade final (300 dias). Na análise da retração total, o concreto EV apresentou uma retração 10% inferior ao traço referência, enquanto o concreto EVC aos 300 dias apresentou uma retração 16% superior ao mesmo. A observação através da conjuntura dos resultados obtidos demonstra uma satisfatória relação entre os diferentes traços estudados, viabilizando o uso de elevados teores de adições minerais em substituição a grande parcela de cimento em massa.
Ponsot, Inès. "Glasses and Glass-Ceramic Components from Inorganic Waste and Novel Processing." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424636.
Повний текст джерелаGrazie alle regole e normative ambientali europee istituite, il riciclaggio dei rifiuti è diventato una problematica sempre più rilevante. Per gli impianti di produzione, in particolare quelli che producono rifiuti pericolosi, le spese connesse allo smaltimento sono drasticamente aumentate negli ultimi decenni. Nel lavoro proposto, vari rifiuti, pericolosi o no, vengono utilizzati per elaborare diverse composizioni di vetroceramiche. Si distinguono rottami di vetro della produzione di finestre, di contenitori farmaceutici e di tubi catodici. I rifiuti non vetrosi invece sono calce esausta da residui di sistemi di filtrazione di fumi, scorie metallurgiche da leghe ferrose e non e ceneri da inceneritori. E' presentata nel presente lavoro la ricerca di un metodo di trattamento ad alta temperatura (minima 800 ° C) efficace per stabilizzare chimicamente il prodotto finale, tramite i diversi processi di sinterizzazione diretta, sinter-cristallizzazione e vetrificazione. Sono stati studiati gli effetti di ogni rifiuto sulle proprietà meccaniche del prodotto finale, ma anche le nuove funzionalità ottenute attraverso le sinergie risultanti dalla loro miscela. Miscele calibrate hanno permesso di sviluppare prodotti interessanti per applicazioni edilizie moderne, come le piastrelle porose e pannelli leggeri destinati all’isolamento.
Gourav, K. "Studies On Compacted Stabilised Fly Ash Mixtures And Fly Ash Bricks For Masonry." Thesis, 2009. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/676.
Повний текст джерелаGourav, K. "Studies On Compacted Stabilised Fly Ash Mixtures And Fly Ash Bricks For Masonry." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/676.
Повний текст джерелаLu, Cheng-Young, and 呂澄洋. "STABILIZATION OF SWINE MANURE WITH FLY ASH,SLAG AND LIME." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32988424431164030087.
Повний текст джерелаHwang, Wha-Shi, and 黃惠香. "STABILIZATION OF SWINE MANURE WITH FLY ASH,SLAG AND LIME." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79040977554575538665.
Повний текст джерелаGourav, K. "Studies on Flexural Behaviour of Fly Ash-Lime-Gypsum Brick Masonry." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3998.
Повний текст джерелаGourav, K. "Studies on Flexural Behaviour of Fly Ash-Lime-Gypsum Brick Masonry." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3925.
Повний текст джерелаPanda, Debakanta, and Amit Kumar. "Determination of Some Properties of Fly Ash with Lime and Cement." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6053/1/110MN0032-12.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPani, Aparupa. "Effect of Curing Temperature on the Strength of Lime Stabilized Fly Ash." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6223/1/212CE1478-8.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBehera, Baishnu Bhusan. "Assessment of lime stabilized slag- fly ash mixes as a highway material." Thesis, 2017. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/8726/1/2017_MT_BBBehera.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаShih, Yueh-Chih, and 石悅欽. "A Study of Engineering Properties of Tamsui Laterite Improved by Fly Ash and Lime." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13781530826037930518.
Повний текст джерела淡江大學
土木工程學系
85
The purpose of this thesis is to study the engineering properties of Tamsui laterite mixed by fly ash and lime . Fly ash is an industrial solid waste material, and is used in soil stabilization extensively. Lime is also a soil stabilizer. There are thirteen combinations of laterite-fly ash-lime mixtures in this study. The fly ash content ranges from zero to twenty percent, and the lime content ranges from zero to ten percent on the dry weight basic. Tests conducted in this study includes unconfined compression test, direct shear test, and one-dimensional consolidation test. The engineering properties of the mixes such as strength and consolidation were tested with respect to different curing time and methods. The results indicate that the improvements on the engineering properties of the mixes are: 1)The strength of laterite- fly ash-lime mixtures generally increases with the increasing of curing time and the increasing of lime amount. (2)The cohesion and angle of internal friction increase on all the mixes. (3)The compressibility and swelling potential of laterite- fly ash-lime mixtures decrease after curing for twenty-eight days.
Bhuyan, Sushanta. "Stabilization of blast furnace slag and fly ash using lime and RBI grade 81." Thesis, 2010. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/1669/1/SUSHANTA_BHUYAN_(10601008).pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAsha, K. "Activation Of Fly Ash-Lime Reactions By Curing At Elevated Temperature And By Addition Of Phosphogypsum." Thesis, 2011. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2026.
Повний текст джерелаAsha, K. "Activation Of Fly Ash-Lime Reactions By Curing At Elevated Temperature And By Addition Of Phosphogypsum." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2026.
Повний текст джерелаJha, Arvind Kumar. "Role of Gypsum in Stabilisation of Expansive Soil with Lime/Fly Ash-A Micro-Mechanistic Study." Thesis, 2016. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4355.
Повний текст джерелаYen, Huang-Hui, and 顏黃暉. "A Study on Some Engineering Properties of a Clay Modified by Fly Ash and Lime." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61821577934034398418.
Повний текст джерела淡江大學
土木工程學系
92
The purpose of this thesis is to study the engineering properties of a clay mixed by fly ash and lime. Fly ash is a solid waste material usually from burning coal by the power plant; lime is a relatively cheap material and used in soil improvement extensively. Both of them can be utilized in soil improvement, but also reduce the environmental problems. There are thirteen combinations of clay-fly ash-lime mixtures in this study. The fly ash content ranges from zero to twenty percent, and the lime content ranges from zero to ten percent, on the dry weight basis. In this study, the tests conducted include the unconfined compression tests, direct shear tests, and one-dimensional consolidation tests. The results indicate that the improvements on engineering properties are as followings. (1) With the addition of fly ash and lime, the maximum dry density of each combination decreases and the optimum water content increases. (2) The strength of clay-fly ash-lime mixtures generally increases with the curing time. The strength of the specimen that cured for seven days reaches at least 68% of the strength of specimen that cured for twenty-eight days. (3) Compared with the pure clay, the change of the clay mixed with fly ash and lime in the angle of internal friction is not significant, but the cohesion increases. (4) The unconfined compressive strength of clay increases with the decrease of its water content. (5) The compression index decreases with the addition of lime and fly ash mixes.
Asgarali, Khan Mohammedali. "Effect of Lime and Fly Ash on Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of Soils." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/7244/1/2015_Effect_Asgarali.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMoghal, Arif Ali Baig. "Enhancing The Potential Of Class F Fly Ashes For Geotechnical And Geoenvironmental Applications." Thesis, 2010. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2133.
Повний текст джерелаMoghal, Arif Ali Baig. "Enhancing The Potential Of Class F Fly Ashes For Geotechnical And Geoenvironmental Applications." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2133.
Повний текст джерелаChang, Shih-chin, and 張士晉. "A Study of the Mechanics Properties and Reaction of Alkali-activated Binder by Use of Class F Fly Ash and CFB Byproduct Lime." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06220979819486064499.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
97
The Alkali-activated cementitious materials refer to each kind of silicates and aluminosilicates which adds the solid or liquid state of alkali activator to initiate a reaction and produce the material with cementitious property. Due to the differences between the composition of material and the process of manufacture, both the harden mechanism and type of hydrate of Alkali-activated cementitious material differ from these of Portland cement In recent years, this Alkali-activated cementitious material is considered to have fabulous performance, for instance, high compressive strength, corrosion resistance, permeation resistance, durability, etc., are much better than these properties of Portland cement. In this study, the industrial waste such as Circulating Fluidized Bed(CFB) byproduct lime and mechanical activated fly ash were investigated as basic ingredient of alkali-activated cementitious materials. Attrition milling is carried out to improve reactivity of fly ash through size reduction and Calcium in byproduct lime can support the reactions. According to different mixture of materials, we discuss the experiment results, and make the analysis from material mechanical properties, to internal microstructure completely. The compressive strength increases continuingly in 28 days. It is also with well fluidity as an appropriate water:gel ratio. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the end products of alkali-activated cementitious materials, geopolymer gel and calcium silicate hydrate gel are included. However, because of its well apparel and firm structure, it is the reason mechanical excel in its performance.
Cunha, Diogo Manuel Ferreira da. "Betões eco eficientes com incorporação de cinzas de biomassa." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/70630.
Повний текст джерелаA sustentabilidade da construção é um assunto com grande influência e consequências na atualidade. Uma das medidas de modo a contribuir para a sustentabilidade é reduzir a produção e o consequente consumo de cimento que deriva da construção. A produção de cimento Portland origina a libertação de grandes quantidades de CO2 e consome grandes quantidades de energia. Como o betão é utilizado na construção em grandes quantidades, pode ser utilizado de maneira a nele serem incorporados resíduos e subprodutos industriais de forma segura e económica. Um exemplo é a incorporação de cinzas volantes de carvão provenientes de centrais termoelétricas. Betão com um elevado volume de cinzas volantes, possui uma reação pozolânica lenta e, portanto, a resistência mecânica inicial do betão é menor que o betão com cimento como único ligante. O destino de valorização mais comum dos resíduos florestais é a sua valorização térmica através da combustão. As cinzas volantes de biomassa têm características semelhantes às cinzas volantes de carvão, no entanto, são mais alcalinas (maior pH) e possuem um teor de cálcio maior. O principal objetivo deste trabalho consiste em avaliar a possibilidade de produzir betões de desempenho melhorado incorporando elevado volume de cinzas volantes de carvão, bem como utilizar pequenas quantidades de cinzas volantes de biomassa, de forma a mitigar alguns dos inconvenientes dos betões com elevado volume de cinzas volantes de carvão. Com base nos resultados obtidos, a durabilidade das composições com elevado volume de cinzas volantes, revelou-se, em geral, superior à da composição de referência, com exceção relativamente à resistência à carbonatação que, contudo, foi melhorada com a inclusão de uma reduzida quantidade de cinzas de biomassa. A cinza volante de carvão possuiu uma boa sinergia com quantidades reduzidas de cinza de biomassa que resultou numa boa atividade pozolânica.
The sustainability of construction is a subject with great influence and consequences at the present time. One of the measures to contribute to sustainability is to reduce the production and consequent consumption of cement that comes from construction. The production of Portland cement gives rise to the release of large amounts of CO2 and consumes large amounts of energy. As concrete is used in large-scale construction, it can be used to incorporate industrial waste and by-products in a safe and economical way. An example is the incorporation of coal fly ash from thermoelectric power plants. Concrete with a high volume of fly ash has a slow pozzolanic reaction and, therefore, the initial mechanical strength of the concrete is lower than the concrete with cement as the sole binder. The most common destination for forest residues is their thermal recovery through combustion. Biomass fly ash has characteristics similar to coal fly ash, however, they are more alkaline (higher pH) and have a higher calcium content. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the possibility of producing improved performance concrete incorporating a high volume of coal fly ash, as well as to use small amounts of biomass fly ash to mitigate some of the drawbacks of concretes with high volume of coal fly ash. Based on the obtained results, the durability of the compositions with a high volume of fly ash has generally proved to be superior to that of the reference composition, except for the resistance to carbonation which has however been improved by the inclusion of a reduced amount of biomass ash. Coal fly ash had a good synergy with reduced amounts of biomass ash which resulted in good pozzolanic activity.
Preethi, R. K. "Studies on alkali activated compressed earth bricks for structural masonry." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4834.
Повний текст джерелаPratibha, R. "Pozzolanic Additives To Control Dispersivity Of Soil." Thesis, 2012. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2582.
Повний текст джерела