Статті в журналах: "Flux parallèle"

1

Constantin, François, and Françoise Le Guennec-Coppens. "Dubaï Street, Zanzibar..." Politique africaine 30, no. 1 (1988): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1988.5175.

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«Dubaï Street», principale rue commerçante de Zanzibar, symbolise la pérennité historique des relations arabo-africaines. Les flux de biens et de personnes, fondés sur les réseaux familiaux, alimentent une économie parallèle qui échappe largement aux pouvoirs publics. Ceux-ci s’efforcent de contrôler les dynamiques socioculturelles, voire les turbulences politiques qui en résultent.

2

GONDRET, F. "La lipogenèse chez le lapin. Importance pour le contrôle de la teneur en lipides de la viande." INRAE Productions Animales 12, no. 4 (September 1, 1999): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1999.12.4.3891.

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La teneur en lipides d’un tissu est la résultante de plusieurs flux métaboliques (dépôt, synthèse, utilisation). Cet article présente les principales caractéristiques de la synthèse des lipides chez le lapin, dans le muscle comparativement aux tissus adipeux visibles et au foie. Le potentiel de synthèse de novo exprimé par le muscle augmente avec l’âge de l’animal, en parallèle à l’accumulation des triglycérides dans les adipocytes intramusculaires. L’activité des enzymes qui fournissent le NADPH nécessaire à la synthèse des acides gras est réduite si l’animal est soumis à une restriction alimentaire en fin d’engraissement, et ceci en parallèle avec une baisse de la teneur en lipides des muscles. A valeur énergétique égale, la nature des acides gras présents dans le régime alimentaire est sans incidence sur l’activité des enzymes de la lipogenèse, mais peut moduler la quantité et la nature des lipides intramusculaires. Des études ultérieures devront être conduites pour évaluer l’importance respective des différentes voies métaboliques dans la détermination de la teneur finale en lipides des muscles.

3

Peressini, Mauro. "Stratégies migratoires et pratiques communautaires : les Italiens du Frioul." Articles 25, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/056114ar.

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L'article traite du processus migratoire des Frioulans arrivés au Québec dans le second après-guerre. Les pratiques migratoires sont abordées sous l'angle d'une stratégie de vie globale et en relation avec les conditions socio-économiques prévalant dans la région d'origine. De 1946 à 1965, l'instabilité socio-économique, provoquée par un important flux migratoire, resserre les liens communautaires du groupe frioulan de Montréal. Après cette date, une stratégie à caractère familial, renforcée du conflit des générations, entraîne un net désengagement social. La recherche utilise un corpus de vingt et un récits de vie, analysés en parallèle avec des données statistiques sur le Frioul et l'immigration italienne au Québec.

4

Gassmann. "Geräteeinstellung in der bildgebenden Ultraschall-Dopplerdiagnostik (Spektral- und Farb-Doppler)." Praxis 91, no. 16 (April 1, 2002): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0369-8394.91.16.677.

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Le diagnostic par ultrasons se distingue par son caractère non-invasif et réitérable. Des enregistrements statiques permettent d'évaluer la morphologie et l'anatomie topographique. Le développement des techniques en temps réel ont permis d'évaluer les processus dynamiques. En parallèle à ces développements, l'effet Doppler s'est établi pour évaluer le flux sanguin. Par opposition à toutes les autres méthodes d'imagerie diagnostique médicale, le diagnostic par sonographie est très interactif. Un grand nombre de paramètres de mesures des appareils doit être modifié par l'examinateur et les conditions d'examen doivent être adaptées. Il n'existe aucune programmation standard qui garantisse une image optimale. Le médecin doit connaître les interactions entre la physique et la technique pour identifier les artéfacts et les problèmes d'imagerie.

5

Servais, P., S. Becquevort, and F. Vandevelde. "Comparaison de deux méthodes d'estimation du broutage des bactéries par les protozoaires en milieux aquatiques [Courte note]." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705325ar.

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L'objectif du présent travail est de comparer deux méthodes indépendantes permettant d'estimer, dans les milieux aquatiques, le flux de carbone transitant du compartiment bactérien vers les protozoaires. Les deux méthodes utilisées sont, d'une part, celle basée sur le suivi de la décroissance de radioactivité du matériel génétique bactérien après marquage à la thymidine tritiée (SERVAIS et al., 1985) et, d'autre part, celle de mesure du taux d'ingestion de bactéries fluorescentes (FLB) par les protozoaires. Elles ont été appliquées en parallèle sur des échantillons de la rivière Meuse (Belgique). L'emploi de la première méthode a montré des taux de broutage compris entre 0.002 h-1 et 0.016 h-1 qui représentent en moyenne 72 % des taux de mortalité totale. Une excellente corrélation entre les estimations de flux de broutage obtenues par les deux techniques a été trouvée, mais les valeurs estimées à partir de la méthode FLB sont systématiquement inférieures (d'environ 30% en moyenne) à celles obtenues par l'autre méthode. Une part de cette différence peut vraisemblablement s'expliquer par la non prise en compte par la méthode FLB du broutage par des organismes de taille supérieure à 100 µm.

6

Thomas, William A. "A Mechanism for Tectonic Inheritance at Transform Faults of the Iapetan Margin of Laurentia." Geoscience Canada 41, no. 3 (August 29, 2014): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.048.

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Transform faults along the Iapetan rifted continental margin of Laurentia offset the continental rift and/or bound domains of oppositely dipping low-angle detachments. Rift-parallel and transform-parallel intracratonic fault systems extend into continental crust inboard from the rifted margin. Ages of synrift igneous rocks, ranging from 765 to 530 Ma, document non-systematic diachroneity of rifting along the Iapetan margin. Synrift sedimentary accumulations show abrupt variations in thickness across transform faults, and some concentrations of synrift igneous rocks are distributed along transform faults and transform-parallel intracratonic fault systems. The greatest thicknesses of Cambrian–Ordovician passive-margin shelf-carbonate deposits are along transform margins and in continental-margin basins along transform faults, as well as along transform-parallel intracratonic fault systems, indicating anomalously great post-rift thermal subsidence along transform faults. Along the Ordovician–Permian Appalachian-Ouachita orogenic belt, a diachronous array of synorogenic clastic wedges fills foreland basins, recording tectonic-load-driven flexural subsidence of the lithosphere. The greatest thicknesses of synorogenic clastic wedges of all ages are consistently in foreland basins along transform margins and inboard from intersections of transform faults with the rifted margin, indicating systematically weaker lithosphere along transform faults. The distinctive and pervasive properties and behaviour of the lithosphere along transform faults in successive tectonic settings suggest fundamental controls on tectonic inheritance at transform faults. Recent models for continental rifting incorporate ductile extension of the mantle lithosphere beneath brittle extension of the crust; the domain of ductile extension of the mantle lithosphere may reach significantly inboard from the rifted margin of the brittle crust, accounting for rift-parallel extensional faults in the crust inboard from the rifted margin. A transform offset of a rift in brittle crust requires a similar offset in ductile extension of the mantle lithosphere, leading to differential ductile flow on opposite sides of the transform and imparting a transform-parallel distributed-shear fabric. Transform-parallel distributed shear in the mantle lithosphere provides a mechanism for brittle transform-parallel fault systems in the continental crust. Studies of seismic anisotropy show fast directions parallel with transform faults, indicating systematic orientation of crystals through transform-parallel distributed shear in the mantle lithosphere.SOMMAIRELes failles transformantes le long de la marge continentale divergente japétienne de la Laurentie décalent le rift continental et/ou les domaines accrétés en des décollements à pendages opposés faibles. Des systèmes de failles intracratoniques parallèles au rift, et parallèles à la transformation, pénètrent vers l’intérieur de la croûte continentale à partir de la marge de rift. Les âges des roches ignées syn-rift, entre 765 Ma et 530 Ma, témoignent d’une activité de rifting diachronique non-systématique le long de la marge japétienne. Des empilements sédimentaires syn-rifts montrent des variations abruptes d’épaisseur d’une faille transformante à l’autre, et des concentrations de roches ignées syn-rifts se répartissent le long des systèmes de failles transformantes et de failles intracratoniques parallèles. Les accumulations les plus épaisses de carbonates de plateforme de marge continentale passive se trouvent le long des marges de cisaillement et dans les bassins de marge continentale le long de failles transformantes, de même qu’au long des systèmes de failles intracratoniques parallèles, évoquant une subsidence anormalement forte le long des failles transformantes. Le long de la bande orogénique ordovicienne-permienne Appalaches-Ouachita, une gamme diachronique de prismes clastiques synorogéniques remplit les bassins d’avant-pays, attestant d’une subsidence par flexure lithosphérique d’origine tectonique. Les plus grandes épaisseurs de prismes clastiques synorogéniques à tous les âges sont toujours situées dans les bassins d’avant-pays le long des marges transformantes, et vers l’intérieur, à partir des intersections des failles transformantes avec la marge de rift, indiquant une lithosphère systématiquement plus fragile le long des failles transformantes. Les propriétés particulières et le comportement généralisés de la lithosphère le long des failles transformantes dans les contextes tectoniques successifs sont la marque de contrôles fondamentaux sur l'héritage tectonique des failles transformantes. Les modèles récents de rifting continental comportent une extension ductile de la lithosphère mantellique sous l’extension cassante de la croûte; le domaine d'extension ductile de la lithosphère mantellique peut s’étendre significativement vers l’intérieur de la marge de divergence de la croûte cassante, d’où les failles d'extension parallèle au rift, à l’intérieur de la croûte de la marge de divergence. Un décalage de transformation de rift de la croûte comporte un décalage du même genre de l’extension ductile de la lithosphère mantellique, ce qui implique un différentiel de flux ductile sur les bords opposés de la transformation, d’où cette fabrique d’extension parallèle à la transformation. L’extension parallèle à la transformation de la lithosphère mantellique fournit un mécanisme qui explique les systèmes de failles transformantes parallèles dans la croûte continentale. Les études de l’anisotropie sismique montre les grandes vitesses de propagation parallèles aux failles de transformations, ce qui indique une orientation systématique des cristaux induite par une extension répartie selon les cassures transformantes dans la lithosphère mantellique.

7

Lanly, Guillaume. "Histoire de Lalo: La naissance d'une société civile transnationale." Revista Trace, no. 41 (September 5, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.41.2002.563.

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Il existe de nombreuses formes d’organisation de la communauté d’origine mexicaine aux États-Unis. Celle qui est étudiée dans le cadre de cet article, et qui est appelée association de migrants, est la plus répandue parmi les immigrés mexicains de la première génération. Il s’agit d’une variante plus formelle du réseau migratoire, qui repose principalement sur l’appartenance à une même communauté d'origine. Peu nombreuses avant la fin du programme Braceros en 1964, les associations de migrants mexicains ont connu une augmentation considérable à partir des années 1970 en parallèle avec l'augmentation du flux migratoire et l'allongement de leur durée de séjour. Si à la fin des années 1980, le nombre de clubes de Oriundos était estimé à un peu plus de 100, il y en avait 260 au milieu des années 1990 et un peu moins de 500 à la fin de la dernière décennie, répartis sur ure dizaine d'états des États-Unis.

8

Guibert, Joris. "Uscopie électronique. Muabilité & simultanéité." Cinémas 26, no. 2-3 (April 5, 2017): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039367ar.

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Ce texte examine, à travers l’oeuvre de Jean-Christophe Averty, les différences fondamentales entre cinéma et vidéo. La démarche du réalisateur y est mise en parallèle avec les utopies des artistes pionniers de la vidéo, qui visent une picturalité par la malléabilité de l’image vidéographique, tandis qu’Averty en expérimente la plasticité pour inventer une écriture inédite spécifiquement télévisuelle. Prenant en considération la dialectique essentielle réel/artificiel de la vidéo, Averty utilise le signal et le trucage (notamment l’incrustation) comme figures d’expression. Il compose avec la simultanéité de cette technologie de flux, et avec la planéité de l’écran du téléviseur, pour conférer des dimensions nouvelles à l’image — contre le réalisme perspectiviste. L’auteur propose ainsi d’étudier l’ontogenèse de l’image électronique, afin de concevoir ce qui détermine une esthétique du médium. Si la technique ouvre des potentialités de création et d’énonciation singulières, elle engage une logique créatrice, et infuse alors une pensée inventrice. En interrogeant les notions de montage, de mixage, d’assemblage et de collage, l’approche technique et théorique adoptée ici élabore des distinctions entre fixation et transmission, représentation et simulation, afin d’évaluer l’écart entre écriture cinématographique et écriture vidéographique.

9

Buès, Robert, M. Eizaguirre, J. F. Toubon, and R. Albages. "DIFFÉRENCES ENZYMATIQUES ET ÉCOPHYSIOLOGIQUES ENTRE POPULATIONS DE SESAMIA NONAGRIOÏDES LEFÈBRE (LÉPIDOPTÈRE: NOCTUIDAE) ORIGINAIRES DE L’OUEST DU BASSIN MÉDITÉRRANÉEN." Canadian Entomologist 128, no. 5 (October 1996): 849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent128849-5.

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RésuméLes analyses enzymatiques de 12 loci, effectuées sur neuf échantillons de populations, prélevés au Maroc, au nord de l’Espagne et dans le sud de la France, font apparaître une hétérogénéité génétique (Fst = 0,0592, Nm = 4 et un test G hautement significatif pour tous les loci polymorphes). Le phénogramme UPGMA, établi d’après les distances génétiques, permet de distinguer deux groupes de populations. Les résultats de l’étude parallèle conduite sur des caractères écophysiologiques (seuils photopériodiques d’induction de la diapause, durée de développement et nombre de stades larvaires à 25°C, différentes photopériodes) de quatre populations, prélevées en France et en Espagne, coïncident en partie avec ceux de l’analyse enzymatique. Si l’on exclue le Maroc, les populations de France et d’Espagne se répartissent en deux groupes, situés soit à l’est soit à l’ouest de la chaine Pyrénéenne. Malgré le caractère sédentaire de l’espèce et la présence de la barrière géographique que constituent les Pyrénées, il est probable qu’il existe un flux génique aux extrémités de la chaine de montagnes, facilité par des courants aériens le long des côtes de l’Atlantique ou de la Méditerranée. D’autre part, malgré une diapause au stade larvaire, la forte mortalité observée dans certaines sous-populations après des hivers rigoureux pourrait également contribuer à la différenciation génétique à partir des populations résiduelles survivantes.

10

Njegovan, Diana. "The Experience of a Frontier Man Who Weaves into His Historical Literary Production." History in flux 5, no. 5 (December 24, 2023): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/flux.2023.5.6.

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This paper examines the parallels between two books: Il male viene dal Nord and Quando Dio uscì di chiesa by Fulvio Tomizza. Although the books appear quite distinct at first glance, one being a historical novel and the other prompting discussions among researchers regarding its literary genre, both share a common theme—the experiences of frontier individuals. These works portray Istrian Lutherans from the 16th century and are linked through the character of Koper’s bishop Vergerio. Vergeri’s life mirrors the plight of twentiethcentury Istrians who faced exile. The persecution, imprisonment, and forced exodus endured by Istrian Lutherans echo the trials faced by individuals like the narrator’s father in the 20th century, following the Second World War. Set in the Istrian peninsula, a place marked by conflicts between Latins, Slavs, and Germans according to Živko Nižić, the story captures the struggles of these groups. Tomizza, through his micro-history approach, pays homage to minority populations residing in border regions, illustrating the violence they endured across history. As a frontier man himself, Tomizza profoundly comprehends their suffering, skillfully weaving this experience into a tapestry of high-quality literature that has earned international acclaim.

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Spall, Robert E., Elgin A. Anderson, and Jeffrey Allen. "Momentum Flux in Plane, Parallel Jets." Journal of Fluids Engineering 126, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1778717.

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The evolution of the streamwise momentum flux for two turbulent, plane, parallel jets discharging through slots in a direction normal to a wall was studied both numerically and experimentally. The numerical results, obtained by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations employing a standard k−ε turbulence model, predicted to within experimental error measured integrals of the momentum flux downstream of the merge point for jet spacing S/d=5. Integration of the streamwise component of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations over a control volume results in an integral constant that was evaluated numerically for jet spacings S/d=3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, and for different levels of turbulence kinetic energy and dissipation rate at the jet inlet boundaries. Results revealed that the integral constant is decreased as the jet spacing increases, and is also decreased as jet entrainment rates are increased due to higher levels of inlet turbulence kinetic energy, or alternatively, decreased levels of dissipation rate. Streamwise distance to the merge point was also found to decrease for increased levels of turbulence kinetic energy or decreased levels of dissipation rate at the jet inlet.

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R, Nyabuto, Sigey J.K, Okelo J.A, and Okwoyo J.M. "Magneto-Hydrodynamics Analysis of Free Convection Flow between Two Horizontal Parallel Infinite Plates Subjected to Constant Heat Flux." SIJ Transactions on Computer Networks & Communication Engineering 01, no. 04 (October 3, 2013): 08–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijcnce/v1i4/0104520101.

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Acket, Sébastien, Anthony Degournay, Yannick Rossez, Stéphane Mottelet, Pierre Villon, Adrian Troncoso-Ponce, and Brigitte Thomasset. "13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis in Developing Flax (Linum usitatissinum L.) Embryos to Understand Storage Lipid Biosynthesis." Metabolites 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10010014.

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Flax (Linum usitatissinum L.) oil is an important source of α-linolenic (C18:3 ω-3). This polyunsaturated fatty acid is well known for its nutritional role in human and animal diets. Understanding storage lipid biosynthesis in developing flax embryos can lead to an increase in seed yield via marker-assisted selection. While a tremendous amount of work has been done on different plant species to highlight their metabolism during embryo development, a comprehensive analysis of metabolic flux in flax is still lacking. In this context, we have utilized in vitro cultured developing embryos of flax and determined net fluxes by performing three complementary parallel labeling experiments with 13C-labeled glucose and glutamine. Metabolic fluxes were estimated by computer-aided modeling of the central metabolic network including 11 cofactors of 118 reactions of the central metabolism and 12 pseudo-fluxes. A focus on lipid storage biosynthesis and the associated pathways was done in comparison with rapeseed, arabidopsis, maize and sunflower embryos. In our hands, glucose was determined to be the main source of carbon in flax embryos, leading to the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) was identified as the producer of NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis. Overall, the use of 13C-metabolic flux analysis provided new insights into the flax embryo metabolic processes involved in storage lipid biosynthesis. The elucidation of the metabolic network of this important crop plant reinforces the relevance of the application of this technique to the analysis of complex plant metabolic systems.

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LAHIRI, AMITABHA. "PARALLEL TRANSPORT ON NON-ABELIAN FLUX TUBES." Modern Physics Letters A 20, no. 22 (July 20, 2005): 1695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305016701.

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We propose a way of unambiguously parallel transporting fields on non-Abelian flux tubes, or strings, by means of two gauge fields. One gauge field transports along the tube, while the other transports normal to the tube. Ambiguity is removed by imposing an integrability condition on the pair of fields. The construction leads to a gauge theory of mathematical objects known as Lie 2-groups, which are known to result also from the parallel transport of the flux tubes themselves. The integrability condition is also shown to be equivalent to the assumption that parallel transport along nearby string configurations are equal up to arbitrary gauge transformations. Attempts to implement this condition in a field theory leads to effective actions for two-form fields.

15

García-Serrana, María, John L. Nieber, and John S. Gulliver. "Infiltration Flux for Parallel Strip Water Sources." Vadose Zone Journal 16, no. 11 (November 2017): vzj2017.07.0137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.07.0137.

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Jing, Tingting, Guoqiang He, Fei Qin, Wenqiang Li, Duo Zhang, and Minghao Wang. "Flow Distribution Characteristics of Supercritical Hydrocarbon Fuel in Parallel Channels with Pyrolysis." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 37, no. 1 (February 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20193710001.

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Due to the asymmetric geometry of flowpath and combustion organization, the heat flux distribution on RBCC's walls are extremely non-uniform. With a validated numerical model considering the changes of thermophysical properties and chemical components, the present study analyzed the effects of heat flux intensity, non-uniformity of heat flux distribution and inlet manifold on the mass flow distribution of parallel regenerative cooling channels. Results show that the intensity of heat flux enlarges the non-uniformity of parallel channels, however, the non-uniformity is reduced when the outlet temperature is above the completely pyrolysis value; and the non-uniformity heat flux distribution increases the mal-distribution of parallel channels dramatically, the difference of mass flow rate reaches to 33.2% when the heat flux difference is only 0.25 MW/m2; increasing the flow area of inlet manifold would improve the flow distribution of parallel channels with decrease of heat transfer efficiency and increases of pressure drop.

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KOSUGA, Yusuke, Sanae-I. ITOH, and Kimitaka ITOH. "Flux of Parallel Flow Momentum by Parallel Shear Flow Driven Instability." Plasma and Fusion Research 11 (2016): 1203018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/pfr.11.1203018.

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Cu, Zhi-Yu, and Shang-Wu Qian. "Aharonov-Bohm scattering on two parallel flux tubes of the same magnetic flux." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 23, no. 18 (September 21, 1990): 4127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/23/18/018.

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Zhang, Donghui, Haiyang Xu, Yi Chen, Leiqing Wang, Jian Qu, Mingfa Wu, and Zhiping Zhou. "Boiling Heat Transfer Performance of Parallel Porous Microchannels." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112970.

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Flow boiling in microporous layers has attracted a great deal of attention in the enhanced heat transfer field due to its high heat dissipation potential. In this study, flow boiling experiments were performed on both porous microchannels and a copper-based microchannel, using water as the coolant. As the heat flux was less than 80 W/cm2, the porous microchannels presented significantly higher boiling heat transfer coefficients than the copper-based microchannel. This was closely associated with the promotion of the nucleation site density of the porous coating. With the further increase in heat flux, the heat transfer coefficients of the porous microchannels were close to those of the copper-based sample. The boiling process in the porous microchannel was found to be dominated by the nucleate boiling mechanism from low to moderate heat flux (<80 W/cm2).This switched to the convection boiling mode at high heat flux. The porous samples were able to mitigate flow instability greatly. A visual observation revealed that porous microchannels could suppress the flow fluctuation due to the establishment of a stable nucleate boiling process. Porous microchannels showed no advantage over the copper-based sample in the critical heat flux. The optimal thickness-to-particle-size ratio (δ/d) for the porous microchannel was confirmed to be between 2–5. In this range, the maximum enhanced effect on boiling heat transfer could be achieved.

20

Horovitz, Baruch. "Layered superconductors. II. Melting of parallel-flux lattice." Physical Review B 47, no. 10 (March 1, 1993): 5964–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.47.5964.

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21

Uetake, Ichizo, and Tetsuya Saito. "Magnetic flux leakage by adjacent parallel surface slots." NDT & E International 30, no. 6 (December 1997): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0963-8695(97)00002-9.

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Silva, M., M. E. D. Zaniquelli, and F. Galembeck. "Parallel Electric Field in Flux Restoration during Ultrafiltration." Separation Science and Technology 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399108050499.

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23

Shakier, Raed, Hussam Muhammed, Hussain Khathem, and Haider Abdul-Khathem. "Two-Phase Flow In Mini-Scale Complex Geometry." Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 17, 2018): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjps.v1i1.88.

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Heat-transfer coefficients are reported for one surface, a plain surface, with 50 mm square base area. Parallel channel test piece has one mm by one mm, 25 channelsThe data were produced while boiling R113 at atmospheric pressure. For this surface, the mass flux range was 200 – 600 kg/m2s and the heat flux range was 5 - 80 kW/m2. The results obtained have been compared with standard correlations for tube bundles. The measured heat-transfer coefficients for the parallel micro-channel surface are slightly bigger for any plate channel surface. It is dependent on heat flux and reasonably independent of mass flux and vapor quality. Thus, heat transfer is probably dominated by nucleate boiling. The parallel channel heat transfer coefficients were typically bigger than other plate -channel values.

24

Kuznetsov, Vladimir, Alisher Shamirzaev, and Alexander Mordovskoy. "High heat flux flow boiling of refrigerant R236fa in parallel microchannels." EPJ Web of Conferences 196 (2019): 00062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201919600062.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the heat transfer during flow boiling of refrigerant R236fa in a horizontal microchannel heat sink. The experiments were performed using closed loop that re-circulates coolant. Microchannel heat exchanger that contains two microchannels with 2x0.4 mm cross-section was used as the test section. The dependence of average heat flux on wall superheat and critical heat flux were measured in the range of mass fluxes from 600 to 1600 kg/m2s and in the range of heat fluxes from 5 to 120 W/cm2. For heat flux greater than 60 W/cm2, nucleate boiling suppression has significant effect on the flow boiling heat transfer, and this leads to decrease of the heat transfer coefficient with heat flux grows.

25

Zhang, Jin, Guoyou Shao, Jun Fan, Li Wang, and Dan Zhang. "A Review on Parallel Development of Flux Design and Thermodynamics Subject to Submerged Arc Welding." Processes 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10112305.

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Submerged arc welding is a complex metallurgical process with a temperature of nearly 2000 ∘C (a temperature much higher than that in traditional steelmaking) and different phases, including flux (slag), metal, and plasma. Flux serves vital functions in order to produce the weld metal with desired qualities. It is well known that understandings of the thermodynamic properties regarding flux and slag are essential to aid in flux design and optimization. Actually, the developments of flux design and thermodynamics have been promoting each other. Within this review, the flux design stages have been documented and reviewed in detail from the perspective of thermodynamics. The thermodynamic design principles for fluxes have been evaluated systematically, the limitations of each flux have been elucidated, and the thermodynamic significance of the designed fluxes upon the development of welding thermodynamics has been analyzed. Based on the hypothesis that thermodynamic equilibrium is attained locally considering that the high temperatures and surface-to-volume ratio counteract the short time available for chemical reactions to be completed, both slag–metal and gas–slag–metal equilibrium models have been evaluated, which may provide technical assistance for flux design and matching. Then, recent applications of Calphad (Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry) technology in the fields of flux design and matching have been introduced. The incumbent review demonstrates that thermodynamic consideration is essential to develop new fluxes or upgrade existing ones to meet the growing demands concerning submerged arc welding quality. Furthermore, it is revealed that the thermodynamic approach is capable of facilitating the flux design process geared toward submerged arc welding. Finally, further investigation into welding thermodynamics is proposed to better aid in flux design and matching.

26

Ma, T. Y., D. Hollander, R. A. Erickson, H. Truong, and P. Krugliak. "Is the small intestinal epithelium truly "tight" to inulin permeation?" American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 260, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): G669—G676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.260.5.g669.

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In this study, we evaluated the "leakiness" of intestinal epithelium through examination of small intestinal absorption of inulin in vivo by perfusing rat jejunum with 10 microM inulin. In physiological conditions, we found significant absorption of inulin at a rate of 44.6 nmol.100 cm-1.h-1 or absorption of 14.7%.100 cm-1.h-1 of the amount perfused. Increasing water flux by changing the luminal osmolarity resulted in linear (y = 31.1 + 2.4x, r = 0.97) increase in absorption of inulin, indicating a significant convective component of inulin absorption. There was large permeation of inulin at net water secretion and at zero net water fluxes (31.1 nmol.100 cm-1.h-1), indicating significant absorption of inulin by diffusive movement as well. The small intestinal tissue retention of inulin occurred rapidly within the first 15 min of perfusion, and the total tissue retention remained unchanged thereafter at approximately 10.8 nmol/100 cm. 16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2 decreased water flux, whereas cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin and acetylsalicylate, increased water flux. Inulin absorption closely paralleled changes in water flux induced by these agents. Taurocholate also caused parallel decrease in water and inulin absorption. Varying the resistance of unstirred water layer with changing luminal flow rate, the addition of mucolytic agent acetylcysteine, or alterations of luminal pH did not affect water or inulin absorption. We conclude that inulin permeates the small intestinal epithelium in significant amounts under normal physiological conditions, presumably through the paracellular pathways utilizing aqueous channels.

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McCorquodale, Mark W., and R. J. Munro. "Experimental study of oscillating-grid turbulence interacting with a solid boundary." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 813 (January 26, 2017): 768–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.843.

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The interaction between oscillating-grid turbulence and a solid, impermeable boundary (positioned below, and aligned parallel to, the grid) is studied experimentally. Instantaneous velocity measurements, obtained using two-dimensional particle imaging velocimetry in the vertical plane through the centre of the (horizontal) grid, are used to study the effect of the boundary on the root-mean-square velocity components, the vertical flux of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and the terms in the Reynolds stress transport equation. Identified as a critical aspect of the interaction is the blocking of a vertical flux of TKE across the boundary-affected region. Terms of the Reynolds stress transport equations show that the blocking of this energy flux acts to increase the boundary-tangential turbulent velocity component, relative to the far-field trend, but not the boundary-normal velocity component. The results are compared with previous studies of the interaction between zero-mean-shear turbulence and a solid boundary. In particular, the data reported here are in support of viscous and ‘return-to-isotropy’ mechanisms governing the intercomponent energy transfer previously proposed, respectively, by Perot & Moin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 295, 1995, pp. 199–227) and Walkeret al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 320, 1996, pp. 19–51), although we note that these mechanisms are not independent of the blocking of energy flux and draw parallels to the related model proposed by Magnaudet (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 484, 2003, pp. 167–196).

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Sardella, Edson. "Theory of elasticity of the Abrikosov flux-line lattice for uniaxial superconductors: Parallel flux lines." Physical Review B 44, no. 10 (September 1, 1991): 5209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.44.5209.

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29

Gunell, H., J. De Keyser, E. Gamby, and I. Mann. "Vlasov simulations of parallel potential drops." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 7 (July 18, 2013): 1227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1227-2013.

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Abstract. An auroral flux tube is modelled from the magnetospheric equator to the ionosphere using Vlasov simulations. Starting from an initial state, the evolution of the plasma on the flux tube is followed in time. It is found that when applying a voltage between the ends of the flux tube, about two thirds of the potential drop is concentrated in a thin double layer at approximately one Earth radius altitude. The remaining part is situated in an extended region 1–2 Earth radii above the double layer. Waves on the ion timescale develop above the double layer, and they move toward higher altitude at approximately the ion acoustic speed. These waves are seen both in the electric field and as perturbations of the ion and electron distributions, indicative of an instability. Electrons of magnetospheric origin become trapped between the magnetic mirror and the double layer during its formation. At low altitude, waves on electron timescales appear and are seen to be non-uniformly distributed in space. The temporal evolution of the potential profile and the total voltage affect the double layer altitude, which decreases with an increasing field aligned potential drop. A current–voltage relationship is found by running several simulations with different voltages over the system, and it agrees with the Knight relation reasonably well.

30

Kalita, K., W. K. S. Khoo, S. D. Garvey, R. J. Hill-Cottingham, D. Rodger, and J. F. Eastham. "Passive Contra-Magnetized Parallel-Airgap Serial Flux Magnetic Bearings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 11 (April 12, 2010): 2515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes2071.

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Conventional magnetic bearings accomplish a specific load capacity, defined as the ratio of maximum sustainable weight to the total self-weight, of up to 35:1. In this paper, the authors introduce a class of passive magnetic bearings that comprise a large number of parallel airgaps and discs and can deliver specific load capacities substantially higher than 35:1. Two-dimensional planar, two-dimensional axi-symmetric, and three-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEA) have been undertaken to predict the force capability of the bearings. An unoptimized prototype passive magnetic bearing is constructed to demonstrate the concept and its force-carrying capacity. The experimental results are then compared with those obtained from the FEA. Further optimization of the bearings is done across the whole design space comprising tens of thousands of models using an automatic mesh generator in conjunction with solving the FE models in nested loops.

31

Ma, John Z. G., and A. Hirose. "Parallel propagation of ion solitons in magnetic flux tubes." Physica Scripta 79, no. 4 (March 31, 2009): 045502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/79/04/045502.

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32

Gohil, Ghanshyamsinh, Lorand Bede, Remus Teodorescu, Tamas Kerekes, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Flux-Balancing Scheme for PD-Modulated Parallel-Interleaved Inverters." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32, no. 5 (May 2017): 3442–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2016.2589944.

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33

Kohandel, Mohammad, and Mehran Kardar. "Melting of flux lines in an alternating parallel current." Physical Review B 59, no. 14 (April 1, 1999): 9637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.59.9637.

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34

Zhang, Xiao Jing, Bing Qi Liu, Xiao Jie Xu, Xi Wu, and Rui Ming Yuan. "A Study of the Enhancement in Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer by Surface Polaritons." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3211.

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The influence of surface polaritons on spectral energy flux at different temperatures or distances to the surface of a plate was analyzed. The relations of the net heat flux between two parallel plates with the material type were also discussed. The results demonstrate that the effect of surface polaritons is dominated in the spectral energy flux at 300 K when the distance is decreased to 100 nm. In addition, the intensity of surface polaritons increases with the temperature. The net heat flux between two parallel plates has a nearly linear relation with the temperature and is closely related to the material type. It reaches up to 2.792×107 W/m2 between two SiC plates, approximately 3~6 orders of magnitude larger than that between two different materials. However, the net heat flux between SiC and Al is merely 2329.7 W/m2, even smaller than the result calculated by the classical stefan-boltzman law between two blackbodies.

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Mitchison, T. J. "Mechanism and function of poleward flux in Xenopus extract meiotic spindles." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1455 (March 29, 2005): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1616.

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In Xenopus extract meiotic spindles, microtubules slide continuously towards their minus ends, a process called poleward flux. This article discusses recent progress in determining the mechanism of poleward flux, and its functions in spindle organization and generating force on chromosomes. Bipolar organization is required for flux and inhibition of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 inhibits flux, suggesting the sliding force for flux is generated by Eg5 pushing anti-parallel microtubules apart. An important function of flux in spindle organization may be to transport minus ends nucleated at chromatin towards the pole. By pulling microtubules through attachment sites at kinetochores, flux may generate poleward force on metaphase chromosomes.

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Skoko, Sasa, Darko Marcetic, Veran Vasic, and Djura Oros. "Observer based parallel IM speed and parameter estimation." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 11, no. 3 (2014): 501–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1403501s.

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The detailed presentation of modern algorithm for the rotor speed estimation of an induction motor (IM) is shown. The algorithm includes parallel speed and resistance parameter estimation and allows a robust shaft-sensorless operation in diverse conditions, including full load and low speed operation with a large thermal drift. The direct connection between the injected electric signal in the d-axis and the component of injected rotor flux were pointed at. The algorithm that has been applied in the paper uses the extracted component of the injected rotor flux in the d-axis from the observer state vector and filtrated measured electricity of one motor phase. By applying the mentioned algorithm, the system converges towards the given reference.

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Salman, Yasin K., and Hazim S. Hamad. "LAMINAR NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN DUCTED PARALLEL PLATES." Journal of Engineering 14, no. 03 (September 1, 2008): 2786–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2008.03.18.

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Laminar natural convection heat transfer to air flow in a ducted two parallel plates subjected to same constant heat flux has been studied experimentally. In this study a test rig has been designed and constructed to allow studying the effect of plate spacing and plates angle of inclination on the heat transfer process. The study covers three plate spacing 15 mm, 35mm and 60 mm that makes plate aspect ratio (AR) 24, 10.285 and 6, The heat flux implemented in all test runs varies between 55 W/m2– 340 W/m2 that makes the modified Rayleigh number (Ra) varies from 105-108. Experimental results presented as plate temperature distribution, variation of local heat transfer coefficient and the relation between Nu and Ra, reveal for the range of parameters mentioned above, an improvement in heat transfer process as the AR values change from 6 to 24 and the improvement rates is higher for the lower heat flux test (lower Ra). A correlation of the results were made in the form of Nuvr (Gr/AR) in which the effect of duct aspect ratio (AR) has been introduced.

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Kumar Parwani, Ajit, Prabal Talukdar, and P. M. V. Subbarao. "Estimation of transient boundary flux for a developing flow in a parallel plate channel." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 24, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 522–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-01-2012-0020.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical model for estimating the unknown boundary heat flux in a parallel plate channel for the case of a hydrodynamically and thermally developing laminar flow. Design/methodology/approach – The conjugate gradient method (CGM) is used to solve the inverse problem. The momentum equations are solved using an in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) source code. The energy equations along with the adjoint and sensitivity equations are solved using the finite volume method. Findings – The effects of number of measurements, distribution of measurements and functional form of unknown flux on the accuracy of estimations are investigated in this work. The prediction of boundary flux by the present algorithm is found to be quite reasonable. Originality/value – It is noticed from the literature review that study of inverse problem with hydrodynamically developing flow has not received sufficient attention despite its practical importance. In the present work, a hydrodynamically and thermally developing flow between two parallel plates is considered and unknown transient boundary heat flux at the upper plate of a parallel plate channel is estimated using CGM.

39

Kim, Young-Pil, and Seok-Cheol Ko. "DC Current Limiting Characteristics of Flux-Coupled Type SFCL Using Superconducting Element Connected in Parallel in a DC System." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041096.

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In this paper, the fault current limiting (FCL) characteristics of a flux-coupled type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) with parallel connection between two windings in a DC system were analyzed. The flux-coupled type SFCL was composed of two coils connected in parallel and a superconducting element (SE), which was connected in series with the secondary coil. The flux-coupled type SFCL works in DC systems similar to those in AC systems. Before a fault occurs, the respective magnetic fluxes generated by the two coils connected in parallel offset each other, maintaining the voltage induced in the two coils at zero. In case of a fault, however, resistance is generated in the SE, preventing the magnetic fluxes generated by the two coils from offsetting each other. Thus, some voltage is induced in the two coils, and this starts to limit the fault current. DC short circuit tests were conducted, and the test results confirmed that the flux-coupled type SFCL with the two parallel connected coils was effective in limiting the fault current in a DC system. Additionally, the effect of the wiring direction of the two coils on the SFCL’s FCL performance and operating current, limiting impedance, and instantaneous power load was further analyzed, and as a result, the performance conditions of the SFCL in a DC system were determined.

40

SCHMIDT, J. M., and P. J. CARGILL. "The evolution of magnetic flux ropes in sheared plasma flows." Journal of Plasma Physics 64, no. 1 (July 2000): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800008394.

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The evolution of magnetic flux ropes in a sheared plasma flow is investigated. When the magnetic field outside the flux rope lies parallel to the axis of the flux rope, a flux rope of circular cross-section, whose centre is located at the midpoint of the shear layer, has its shape distorted, but remains in the shear layer. Small displacements of the flux-rope centre above or below the midpoint of the shear layer lead to the flux-rope being expelled from the shear layer. This motion arises because small asymmetries in the plasma pressure around the flux-rope boundary leads to a force that forces the flux rope into a region of uniform flow. When the magnetic field outside the flux rope lies in a plane perpendicular to the flux-rope axis, the flux rope and external magnetic field reconnect with each other, leading to the destruction of the flux rope.

41

Guo, Zeng-Yuan, and Xiao-Bo Wu. "Thermal Drag and Critical Heat Flux for Natural Convection of Air in Vertical Parallel Plates." Journal of Heat Transfer 115, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910637.

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Variable property effects on vertical channel natural convection in air are studied systematically. Numerical solutions of the governing equations show that both the mass flow rate and heat transfer in the channel are not only lower than the constant property results, but also show a nonmonotonic variation with increasing wall temperature or wall heat flux. This phenomenon, which seemingly conflicts with the conventional knowledge, has also been identified by experiments. For a vertical channel with a uniform heat flux boundary condition, the wall may experience a sharp rise in temperature up to damage of the channel if the wall heat flux is greater than the critical heat flux. This implies that the crisis phenomenon (or burnout) may occur in channel natural convection in gas as well as in the boiling process.

42

Gunabalan, R., P. Sanjeevikumar, Frede Blaabjerg, Patrick W. Wheeler, Olorunfemi Ojo, and Ahmet H. Ertas. "Speed sensorless vector control of parallel-connected three-phase two-motor single-inverter drive system." FACETS 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2015-0004.

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This paper presents the characteristic behavior of direct vector control of two induction motors with sensorless speed feedback having the same rating parameters, paralleled combination, and supplied from a single current-controlled pulse-width-modulated voltage-source inverter drive. Natural observer design technique is known for its simple construction, which estimates the speed and rotor fluxes. Load torque is estimated by load torque adaptation and the average rotor flux was maintained constant by rotor flux feedback control. The technique’s convergence rate is very fast and is robust to noise and parameter uncertainty. The gain matrix is absent in the natural observer. The rotor speed is estimated from the load torque, stator current, and rotor flux. Under symmetrical load conditions, the difference in speed between two induction motors is reduced by considering the motor parameters as average and difference. Rotor flux is maintained constant by the rotor flux control scheme with feedback, and the estimation of rotor angle is carried out by the direct vector control technique. Both balanced and unbalanced load conditions are investigated for the proposed AC motor drive system. Experimental results presented in this paper show good agreement with the theoretical formulations.

43

Dochterman, Z. D. "The Compelled." After Dinner Conversation 5, no. 5 (2024): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc20245546.

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What if there are infinite possibilities, but not for you? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the billionaire Lathar Jackson visits Ethereon Flux to try out their groundbreaking technology, the ability to observe, and send paying customers to, better parallel universes of their lives. Every choice we make creates a parallel universe where that choice was made and, for the right amount of money, Ethereon Flux will allow you to see them, and move into the best one. However, when Lather is hooked up to the machines, they realize he isn’t generating parallel universes; in short, he isn’t exercising free will. He is not actually making choices! Ethereon Flux detains Lathar for study as the government has concerns that it might not be allowed to punish criminals that were deemed not to have exercised free will. After doing more and more absurd things in an attempt to unsuccessfully prove he has free will, he dies in the facility.

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LOGAN, J. DAVID, GLENN LEDDER, and MICHELLE REEB HOMP. "A SINGULAR PERTURBATION PROBLEM IN FRACTURED MEDIA WITH PARALLEL DIFFUSION." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 08, no. 04 (June 1998): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202598000299.

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We study differential equations that model contaminant flow in a semi-infinite, fractured, porous medium consisting of a single fracture channel bounded by a porous matrix. Models in the literature usually do not incorporate diffusion in the porous matrix in the direction parallel to the fracture, and therefore they must omit a no-flux boundary condition at the edge, which, in some problems, may be unphysical. Herein we show that the problem usually treated in the literature is the outer problem for a correctly posed singular perturbation problem which includes diffusion in both directions as well as the no-flux boundary condition.

45

HANEEF, MUHAMMAD, SUNEELA ARIF, JEHAN AKBAR, NASRULLAH SHAH, and MUHAMMAD ZAHIR. "THE INVESTIGATION OF NON-OSCILLATING STRUCTURE OF THE PHOTODETACHMENT CROSS SECTION OF MOLECULAR ANION USING TRADITIONAL THEORETICAL IMAGING METHOD." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 12, no. 05 (August 2013): 1350041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633613500417.

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Using traditional theoretical imaging method, we predict invisible oscillations in the photodetachment cross section of [Formula: see text] near a thin soft surface. A laser which is polarized parallel to the surface is used to knock off electron from [Formula: see text]. Analytical expressions are derived for detached electron flux and photodetachment cross section. The results depend on the inter ion surface distance and separation of the atomic centers of the molecular anion. It is found that the surface strongly affects the detached electron flux and the photodetachment cross section. Unlike the detached electron flux the cross section displays non-oscillating structure. The non-oscillating structure is attributed to the parallel orientation of the laser polarization direction with the thin elastic surface.

46

He, Juan, Chi Bao Huang, and Shuai Kang. "Characteristics for series and parallel circuits of flux-controlled memristors." IEICE Electronics Express 14, no. 11 (2017): 20170230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.14.20170230.

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47

Song, Gao, Li Hong-Yun, Yang Guang-Can, and Lin Sheng-Lu. "Bifurcation phenomena of photodetached electron flux in parallel external fields." Chinese Physics 16, no. 9 (September 2007): 2644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/16/9/025.

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48

Yamasaki, Hiroshi, Tomohiro Fukui, and Koji Morinishi. "1305 Fundamental study on parallel computing with virtual-flux methods." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2012.25 (2012): 680–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2012.25.680.

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49

Fundamenski, W. "Parallel heat flux limits in the tokamak scrape-off layer." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 47, no. 11 (October 6, 2005): R163—R208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/47/11/r01.

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50

Chi, Feng, Hao Zeng, and Xiqiu Yuan. "Flux-dependent tunnel magnetoresistance in parallel-coupled double quantum dots." Superlattices and Microstructures 46, no. 3 (September 2009): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2009.04.002.

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