Статті в журналах: "Flux capacity"

1

Meyer, Philip D., and Glendon W. Gee. "Flux-Based Estimation of Field Capacity." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 125, no. 7 (July 1999): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(1999)125:7(595).

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2

Xiao, J. "Entropy flux - electrostatic capacity - graphical mass." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 145, no. 2 (August 5, 2016): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/proc/13259.

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3

Hasselblad, S., and S. Xu. "On-line estimations of settling capacity in secondary clarifier." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1996): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0447.

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In a biological nitrogen removal system, efficient performance of the secondary clarifier is essential since the system depends on a high concentration of active biological solids being available in the biological reactor. Estimations of the current capacity of the clarifier can be made from observing maximum feasible solids flux to the clarifier which does not cause escape of sludge. The aim of this work is to demonstrate a method to establish maximum feasible solids flux, the limiting solids flux, from on-line operational data. In this method the solids flux into the clarifier is calculated from on-line measurements of effluent flow and of suspended solids in the biological reactor, and a known value of return sludge flow. From relations between solids flux and sludge blanket height, the value of limiting flux is estimated. This method is based on the assumption that the movement of sludge blanket height is directly related to changes in the solids flux. When the limiting solids flux is estimated from on-line measurements a measurement of the capacity of the clarifier is retrieved. The suggested method also gives an early warning to prevent sludge escape from the clarifier.

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4

Ricciu, Roberto, Alessandra Galatioto, Luigi A. Besalduch, Giuseppe Desogus, and Lorenza Di Pilla. "Building Wall Heat Capacity Measurement Through Flux Sensors." Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems 7, no. 1 (March 2019): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d6.0234.

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5

Mookerjee, Shona A., David G. Nicholls, and Martin D. Brand. "Determining Maximum Glycolytic Capacity Using Extracellular Flux Measurements." PLOS ONE 11, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): e0152016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152016.

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6

Zacharias, Steffen, and Klaus Bohne. "Attempt of a flux-based evaluation of field capacity." Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171, no. 3 (June 2008): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200625168.

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7

Maclachlan, Patricia L., and Kay Shimizu. "Japanese Farmers in Flux." Asian Survey 56, no. 3 (May 2016): 442–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2016.56.3.442.

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The politics of Japanese agricultural reform is rapidly changing. Once dependent on foreign pressure, reform is now fueled by a deepening farm crisis and a breakdown in postwar political alignments. Focusing on the Abe government’s reform of Japan Agricultural Cooperatives, we explore Japan’s expanding capacity for executive leadership in the farm sector on behalf of market-oriented change.

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8

Wang, Chun E., and Jian Cheng Fang. "Analysis of Specific Load Capacity of Radial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.485.

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This paper proposes a method based on vector calculation of flux density to evaluate the specific load capacity (SLC) of radial hybrid magnetic bearing (RHMB). The vector sum of the flux densities generated by the permanent magnet and the control current is calculated in this method, and then the functional expression of the SLC is built up via the flux densities. The influence of outer rotor diameter, fraction of circumferential rotor surface covered by poles and the length of the air gap are analyzed. It turns out that the SLC decreases with the maximum force of the bearing, and increases first and then decreases with the increase of pole area and length of the air gap. The maximum attainable SLC for RHMB of all sizes does not vary substantially from 23:1. The results of the analysis provide basis for the prediction of volume and mass for the RHMB in application.

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9

Khoo, W. K. S., S. D. Garvey, and K. Kalita. "The Specific Load Capacity of Radial-Flux Radial Magnetic Bearings." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 43, no. 7 (July 2007): 3293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2007.894558.

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10

Schaefer, R. M., L. Huber, U. Gilge, K. Bausewein, J. Vienken, and A. Heidland. "Clinical Evaluation of a New High-Flux Cellulose Acetate Membrane." International Journal of Artificial Organs 12, no. 2 (February 1989): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139888901200204.

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One major goal of dialysis therapy has become the removal of ß2-microglobulin (ß2-m). The interdialytic elimination of ß2-m was studied using a newly developed high-flux cellulose acetate (CA) membrane. The results show that high-flux CA dialyzers offer better biocompatibility than classical Cuprophan or high-flux Cuprophan devices, with regard to leukopenia, C3a desarg generation, and elastase release from polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes. Compared to high-flux CA membranes, high-flux PMMA membranes induce less C3a desarg formation but comparable leukopenia. High-flux PMMA membranes, however cause greater leukocyte stimulation than CA as demonstrated by more PMN elastase release during hemodialysis. Using high-flux CA or high-flux PMMA membranes, serum ß2-m levels decreased 32% during dialysis. Serum ß2-m dropped 10% with high-flux Cuprophan membranes, but remained unchanged with conventional Cuprophan dialyzers. Sieving coefficients for ß2-microglobulin (ß2-m) were virtually zero with classical Cuprophan and 0.66 with high-flux cellulose acetate membranes. High-flux membranes made of Cuprophan and PMMA gave coefficients of 0.25 and 0.45, respectively. This indicates the high removal capacity of the new CA-membrane for substances with high molecular weight. This high-flux CA membrane thus appears to combine a good degree of biocompatibility with a high capacity for ß2-m removal.

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11

Lee, Kim, Moon, Lim, and Cho. "Heat-Absorbing Capacity of High-Heat-Flux Components in Nuclear Fusion Reactors." Energies 12, no. 19 (October 3, 2019): 3771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193771.

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Nuclear fusion energy is a solution to the substitution of fossil fuels and the global energy deficit. However, among the several problems encountered for realizing a nuclear fusion reactor, the divertor presents difficulties due to the tremendous heat flux (~10 MW/m2) from high-temperature plasma. Also, neutrons produce additional heat (~17.5 MW/m3) from collisions with the materials’ atoms. This may lead to unexpected effects such as thermal failure. Thus, a comprehensive investigation on the divertor module is needed to determine the heat-absorbing capacity of the divertor module so to maintain the effect of incident heat flux. In this study, using an analytical approach and a simulation, the quantitative effect of heat generation on the thermophysical behavior, such as temperature and thermal stress, was analyzed while maintaining the incident heat flux. Then, a correlated equation was derived from the thermal design criteria, namely, the maximum thimble temperature and the safety factor at the vulnerable point. Finally, on the basis of the thermal design criteria, the heat-absorbing capacity of a nuclear fusion reactor in operating conditions was determined. This study contributes to the understanding of the divertor’s effects in nuclear fusion reactors for high-heat-flux and high-temperature applications.

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12

Zhang, Lanlan, Jinye Zhang, Hui Lv, and Bangwu Sun. "Analysis of Carbon Flux in Terrestrial Ecosystems from GOSAT Data in China." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185303012.

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In recent years, the evaluation of carbon sources and carbon sinks has become one of the major research topics. The temporal and spatial distribution of carbon flux and some factors that affect carbon flux were analyzed in this paper based on the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) data, which were provided by Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) project and FLUXNET project. Then, we found that carbon flux had obvious seasonal variation. It was carbon sink in summer and carbon source in winter. The total amount of carbon flux in July or August was about -1.377 ~ -1.882 gcm-2day-1, and 0.64 gcm-2day-1 in November. The fluctuation of carbon flux in coastal area was stronger than that in inland. Forest areas had stronger carbon storage capacity than that in other vegetation areas, and the flux in forest areas had the largest change. The vegetation coverage was larger, and the carbon storage capacity was stronger.

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13

Neal, C. "Assessing environmental impacts on stream water quality: the use of cumulative flux and cumulative flux difference approaches to deforestation of the Hafren Forest, mid-Wales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2002): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-421-2002.

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Abstract. A method for examining the impacts of disturbance on stream water quality based on paired catchment "control" and "response" water quality time series is described in relation to diagrams of cumulative flux and cumulative flux difference. The paper describes the equations used and illustrates the patterns expected for idealised flux changes followed by an application to stream water quality data for a spruce forested catchment, the Hore, subjected to clear fell. The water quality determinands examined are sodium, chloride, nitrate, calcium and acid neutralisation capacity. The anticipated effects of felling are shown in relation to reduction in mist capture and nitrate release with felling as well as to the influence of weathering and cation exchange mechanisms, but in a much clearer way than observed previously using other approaches. Keywords: Plynlimon, stream, Hore, acid neutralisation capacity, calcium, chloride, nitrate, sodium, cumulative flux, flux

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14

Ju, Jintao, Peng Xu, Shuqing Li, Tong Xu, Fangming Ju, and Jiahui Du. "Design and Optimization Method with Independent Radial and Axial Capacity for 3-DOF Magnetic Bearings in Flywheel." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010483.

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The six-pole radial–axial hybrid magnetic bearing (RAHMB) has the advantages of small space and low power consumption, making it suitable for flywheel batteries. The bearing capacity and the volume are the main specifications of magnetic bearings that should be considered comprehensively. In this work, the six-pole RAHMB was used in a horizontal flywheel battery. As the axial bearing capacity is relatively smaller than the radial bearing capacity, a design method with independent radial and axial bearing capacity is proposed, and the parameters are optimized to minimize the volume. The mathematical model of six-pole RAHMB was derived from the equivalent magnetic circuit method. The relationships between bearing capacity, biased flux density, saturation flux density and the section area of magnetic poles were analyzed. The basic principle of the design method with independent radial and axial bearing capacity is to determine which five of the variables are preferred. According to the design method, one radial or axial biased flux density should be optimized to minimize the volume, and the genetic algorithm (GA) was adopted to search for the optimal value. The structural parameters were designed based on the optimized value of biased flux density. The total volume of the six-pole RAHMB was reduced by 24%. A 3D finite element (FE) model was built. The analysis results and experimental results show that the proposed design and the optimization method are feasible and valid.

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15

Gnaiger, E., B. Lassnig, A. Kuznetsov, G. Rieger, and R. Margreiter. "Mitochondrial oxygen affinity, respiratory flux control and excess capacity of cytochrome c oxidase." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 8 (April 1, 1998): 1129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.8.1129.

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The oxygen affinity of the enzyme system involved in mitochondrial respiration indicates, in relation to intracellular oxygen levels and interpreted with the aid of flux control analysis, a significant role of oxygen supply in limiting maximum exercise. This implies that the flux control coefficient of mitochondria is not excessively high, based on a capacity of mitochondrial oxygen consumption that is slightly higher than the capacity for oxygen supply through the respiratory cascade. Close matching of the capacities and distribution of flux control is consistent with the concept of symmorphosis. Within the respiratory chain, however, the large excess capacity of cytochrome c oxidase, COX, appears to be inconsistent with the economic design of the respiratory cascade. To address this apparent discrepancy, we used three model systems: cultured endothelial cells and mitochondria isolated from heart and liver. Intracellular oxygen gradients increase with oxygen flux, explaining part of the observed decrease in oxygen affinity with increasing metabolic rate in cells. In addition, mitochondrial oxygen affinities decrease from the resting to the active state. The oxygen affinity in the active ADP-stimulated state is higher in mitochondria from heart than in those from liver, in direct relationship to the higher excess capacity of COX in heart. This yields, in turn, a lower turnover rate of COX even at maximum flux through the respiratory chain, which is necessary to prevent a large decrease in oxygen affinity in the active state. Up-regulation of oxygen affinity provides a functional explanation of the excess capacity of COX. The concept of symmorphosis, a matching of capacities in the respiratory cascade, is therefore complemented by 'synkinetic' considerations on optimum enzyme ratios in the respiratory chain. Accordingly, enzymatic capacities are matched in terms of optimum ratios, rather than equal levels, to meet the specific kinetic and thermodynamic demands set by the low-oxygen environment in the cell.

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16

Veltmann, K., L. M. Palmowski, and J. Pinnekamp. "Modular operation of membrane bioreactors for higher hydraulic capacity utilisation." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 6 (March 1, 2011): 1241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.366.

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Using data from 6 full-scale municipal membrane bioreactors (MBR) in Germany the hydraulic capacity utilisation and specific energy consumption were studied and their connexion shown. The average hydraulic capacity utilisation lies between 14% and 45%. These low values are justified by the necessity to deal with intense rain events and cater for future flow increases. However, this low hydraulic capacity utilisation leads to high specific energy consumption. The optimisation of MBR operation requires a better utilisation of MBR hydraulic capacity, particularly under consideration of the energy-intensive membrane aeration. A first approach to respond to large influent flow fluctuations consists in adjusting the number of operating modules. This is practised by most MBR operators but so far mostly with variable flux and constant membrane aeration. A second approach is the real-time adjustment of membrane aeration in line with flux variations. This adjustment is not permitted under current manufacturers’ warranty conditions. A further opportunity is a discontinuous operation, in which filtration takes place over short periods at high flux and energy for membrane aeration is saved during filtration pauses. The integration of a buffer volume is thereby indispensable. Overall a modular design with small units, which can be activated/ inactivated according to the influent flow and always operate under optimum conditions, enables a better utilisation of MBR hydraulic capacity and forms a solid base to reduce MBR energy demand.

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17

Ji, Xuan, Nora Bailey, Daniel Fabrycky, Edwin S. Kite, Jonathan H. Jiang, and Dorian S. Abbot. "Inner Habitable Zone Boundary for Eccentric Exoplanets." Astrophysical Journal Letters 943, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): L1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acaf62.

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Abstract The climate of a planet can be strongly affected by its eccentricity due to variations in the stellar flux. There are two limits for the dependence of the inner habitable zone boundary (IHZ) on eccentricity: (1) the mean stellar flux approximation ( S IHZ ∝ 1 − e 2 ), in which the temperature is approximately constant throughout the orbit, and (2) the maximum stellar flux approximation (S IHZ ∝ (1 − e)2), in which the temperature adjusts instantaneously to the stellar flux. Which limit is appropriate is determined by the dimensionless parameter Π = C BP , where C is the heat capacity of the planet, P is the orbital period, and B = ∂ Ω ∂ T s , where Ω is the outgoing long-wave radiation and T s is the surface temperature. We use the Buckingham Π theorem to derive an analytical function for the IHZ in terms of eccentricity and Π. We then build a time-dependent energy balance model to resolve the surface temperature evolution and constrain our analytical result. We find that Π must be greater than about ∼1 for the mean stellar flux approximation to be nearly exact and less than about ∼0.01 for the maximum stellar flux approximation to be nearly exact. In addition to assuming a constant heat capacity, we also consider the effective heat capacity including latent heat (evaporation and precipitation). We find that for planets with an Earthlike ocean, the IHZ should follow the mean stellar flux limit for all eccentricities. This work will aid in the prioritization of potentially habitable exoplanets with nonzero eccentricity for follow-up characterization.

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18

Santos García, Alba, Nicolás Macías Carmona, Almudena Vega Martínez, Soraya Abad Estébanez, Tania Linares Grávalos, Inés Aragoncillo Sauco, Ursula Verdalles Guzmán, Nayara Panizo González, Leonidas Cruzado Vega, and Juan Manuel López Gómez. "Removal capacity of different high-flux dialyzers during postdilution online hemodiafiltration." Hemodialysis International 23, no. 1 (October 27, 2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hdi.12685.

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19

Harter, A. "Heat capacity measurements of 4He at constant heat flux near Tλ". Physica B: Condensed Matter 284-288 (липень 2000): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(99)02016-5.

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20

Mofarrahi, Mahroo, Yeting Guo, Jeffrey A. Haspel, Augustine MK Choi, Elaine C. Davis, Gilles Gouspillou, Russell T. Hepple, Richard Godin, Yan Burelle, and Sabah NA Hussain. "Autophagic flux and oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles during acute starvation." Autophagy 9, no. 10 (October 25, 2013): 1604–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.25955.

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21

Mathieu-Costello, Odile, and Russell T. Hepple. "Muscle Structural Capacity for Oxygen Flux from Capillary to Fiber Mitochondria." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 30, no. 2 (April 2002): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003677-200204000-00007.

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22

XIE, DONG-FAN, ZI-YOU GAO, and XIAO-MEI ZHAO. "COMBINED CELLULAR AUTOMATON MODEL FOR MIXED TRAFFIC FLOW WITH NON-MOTORIZED VEHICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 21, no. 12 (December 2010): 1443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183110015944.

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To depict the mixed traffic flow consisting of motorized (m-) and non-motorized (nm-) vehicles, a new cellular automaton model is proposed by combining the NaSch model and the BCA model, and some rules are also introduced to depict the interaction between m-vehicles and nm-vehicles. By numerical simulations, the flux-density relations are investigated in detail. It can be found that the flux-density curves of m-vehicle flow can be classified into two types, corresponding to small and large density regions of nm-vehicles, respectively. In small density region of nm-vehicles, the maximum flux as well as the critical density decreases with the increase of nm-vehicle density. Similar characteristics can also be found in large density region of nm-vehicles. However, compared with the former case, the maximum flux is much lower, the phase transition from free flow to congested flow becomes continuous and thus the corresponding critical points are non-existent. The flux-density curves of nm-vehicle flow can also be classified into two types. And interestingly, the maximum flux and the corresponding density decrease first and keep constant later as the density of m-vehicle increases. Finally, the total transport capacity of the system is investigated. The results show that the maximum capacity can be reached at appropriate proportions for m-vehicles and nm-vehicles, which induces a controlling method to promote the capacity of mixed traffic flow.

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23

Subramaniam, Marina, Cole B. Enns, Khanh Luu, Lynn P. Weber, and Matthew E. Loewen. "Comparison of intestinal glucose flux and electrogenic current demonstrates two absorptive pathways in pig and one in Nile tilapia and rainbow trout." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 318, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): R245—R255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00160.2019.

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The mucosal-to-serosal flux of 14C 3- O-methyl-d-glucose was compared against the electrogenic transport of d-glucose across ex vivo intestinal segments of Nile tilapia, rainbow trout, and pig in Ussing chambers. The difference in affinities ( Km “fingerprints”) between pig flux and electrogenic transport of glucose, and the absence of this difference in tilapia and trout, suggest two absorptive pathways in the pig and one in the fish species examined. More specifically, the total mucosal-to-serosal flux revealed a super high-affinity, high-capacity (sHa/Hc) total glucose transport system in tilapia; a super high-affinity, low-capacity (sHa/Lc) total glucose transport system in trout and a low-affinity, low-capacity (La/Lc) total glucose transport system in pig. Comparatively, electrogenic glucose absorption revealed similar Km in both fish species, with a super high-affinity, high capacity (sHa/Hc) system in tilapia; a super high-affinity/super low-capacity (sHa/sLc) system in trout; but a different Km fingerprint in the pig, with a high-affinity, low-capacity (Ha/Lc) system. This was supported by different responses to inhibitors of sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs) and glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2) administered on the apical side between species. More specifically, tilapia flux was inhibited by SGLT inhibitors, but not the GLUT2 inhibitor, whereas trout lacked response to inhibitors. In contrast, the pig responded to inhibition by both SGLT and GLUT2 inhibitors with a higher expression of GLUT2. Altogether, it would appear that two pathways are working together in the pig, allowing it to have continued absorption at high glucose concentrations, whereas this is not present in both tilapia and trout.

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24

Xie, Wanying, Ji Li, Feiyun Sun, and Wenyi Dong. "Antifouling Ability of Hydrophilic PVDF-TiO2 membrane Evaluated by Critical Flux and Threshold Flux." E3S Web of Conferences 144 (2020): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014401015.

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The PVDF flat-membrane was modified by hydrophilic nano-TiO2, which blending by ultrasonication and mechanical stirring pretreatment in phase inversion method. To evaluate the permeate productivity and anti-fouling capacity of protein solution, both the critical flux (JCW) and threshold flux (JTH) of PVDF and PVDF-TiO2 membrane were firstly measured by Advanced Constant Pressure-step Method in cross-flow filtration apparatus. Some evaluation indicators were utilized to analyze the results, such as Flux vs. Time and TMP vs. Time Curves, flux decline rate (dFlux/dt) and TMP-Fluxave curve. Two type fluxes were compared, results exhibited that hydrophilic PVDF-TiO2 modified membrane possessed a higher level of both Jcw and JTH and better anti-protein fouling ability after testing by Advanced Constant Pressure-step Method.

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25

Zhou, Jin Dong, Xue Gong Bi, and Fu Yang. "Laboratory Investigation of the High Phosphorus Hot Metal Dephosphorization Pretreatment Using Multi Phase Flux." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.31.

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The difficult problems in dephosphorization pretreatment of the high phosphorous hot metal are extremely high flux consumption and very large temperature drop. Dephosphorization with multi phase flux would be helpful to solve these difficulties. In this paper, 2CaO·SiO2 was used as the solid phase and the effect of slag composition and solid/slag mass ratio on dephosphorization efficiency of the high phosphorus hot metal was investigated in the laboratory. Dephosphorization capacity of nine multi phase fluxes was determined by means of equilibrium experiment and it is revealed that dephosphorization capacity of the multi phase fluxes is controlled by the slag composition when solid/slag mass ratio is within 0.30; as solid/slag mass ratio exceeds 0.30, dephosphorization capacity of the multi phase fluxes increases with increasing the ratio. Pretreatment experiments of Fe-0.5%P-0.15%Si-4.5%C were conducted with multi phase flux at 1400 °C (1673.15 K). The test results show that replacement of slag with 2CaO.SiO2 particles on mass ratio of 50:50 brings about smaller finale [%P], suggesting dephosphorization of the high phosphorus hot metal with multi phase flux is beneficial to the reduction of flux consumption. Moreover, the experimentally determined equilibrium MgO concentration in the multi phase fluxes decreases with increasing solid/slag mass ratio when the ratio exceeds 0.30, implying dephosphorization with multi phase fluxes of higher solid/slag mass ratios is beneficial to the control of reactor linings corrosion.

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26

Robinson, D. M., R. W. Ogilvie, P. C. Tullson, and R. L. Terjung. "Increased peak oxygen consumption of trained muscle requires increased electron flux capacity." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 1941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.1941.

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The importance of the training-induced increase in mitochondrial capacity in realizing the increase in maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) of trained muscle was evaluated using an isolated perfused rat hindlimb preparation at a high blood flow (approximately 80 ml.min-1.100 g-1) during tetanic contractions. Rats trained for 8-–12 wk by treadmill running exhibited an approximately 25% increase in muscle VO2max (5.62 +/- 0.31 to 7.06 +/- 0.64 mumol.min-1.g-1), an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activity (approximately 70% for cytochrome oxidase and approximately 55% for NADH cytochrome-c reductase), and an increase in tissue capillarity (14%) that is expected to increase the O2 exchange capacity of the tissue. Muscle VO2max of sedentary (n = 34) and trained (n = 30) animals was determined, and electron transport capacity was acutely managed with myxothiazol, a tight-binding inhibitor of complex III. Inhibition of complex III was similar among 1) the low- and high-oxidative fibers and 2) the superficial and deep mitochondrial populations within muscle. Inhibition of NADH cytochrome-c reductase activity resulted in reductions in muscle VO2max with similar dose responses (mean effective dose of approximately 0.2 microM) of myxothiazol added to the perfusion medium. The extraction of O2 by the contracting muscle decreased as VO2max declined. The increase in muscle VO2max observed in the muscle of trained animals was eliminated when its electron transport capacity was reduced to that observed in normal sedentary rat muscle. Thus, the exercise-induced adaptation of an increased muscle mitochondrial content appears to be essential for trained muscle to exhibit its increased O2 flux capacity. The results of the present experiment illustrate the importance of mitochondrial adaptations in muscle remodeled by exercise training.

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27

Inforsato, Leonardo, and Quirijn de Jong van Lier. "Polynomial functions to predict flux-based field capacity from soil hydraulic parameters." Geoderma 404 (December 2021): 115308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115308.

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28

Liu, Borui, Juan F. Torres, Mahdiar Taheri, Pan Xiong, Teng Lu, Junwu Zhu, Yun Liu, Guihua Yu, and Antonio Tricoli. "Dual‐Ion Flux Management for Stable High Areal Capacity Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." Advanced Energy Materials 12, no. 10 (January 27, 2022): 2103444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103444.

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29

Reed, Cody C., Julianne M. Winters, Stephen C. Hart, Rachel Hutchinson, Mark Chandler, Gitte Venicx, and Benjamin W. Sullivan. "Building flux capacity: Citizen scientists increase resolution of soil greenhouse gas fluxes." PLOS ONE 13, no. 7 (July 5, 2018): e0198997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198997.

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30

Maheshwari, P. K., V. Raghavendra Reddy, and V. P. S. Awana. "Heat Capacity and Mössbauer Study of Self-Flux Grown FeTe Single Crystal." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 31, no. 6 (March 26, 2018): 1659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-018-4649-0.

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31

Khalilollahi, Amir, and Bahgat Sammakia. "Transient natural convection near a uniform flux surface with appreciable heat capacity." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 15, no. 3 (May 1988): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1933(88)90031-0.

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32

Kalita, K., W. K. S. Khoo, S. D. Garvey, R. J. Hill-Cottingham, D. Rodger, and J. F. Eastham. "Passive Contra-Magnetized Parallel-Airgap Serial Flux Magnetic Bearings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 11 (April 12, 2010): 2515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes2071.

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Conventional magnetic bearings accomplish a specific load capacity, defined as the ratio of maximum sustainable weight to the total self-weight, of up to 35:1. In this paper, the authors introduce a class of passive magnetic bearings that comprise a large number of parallel airgaps and discs and can deliver specific load capacities substantially higher than 35:1. Two-dimensional planar, two-dimensional axi-symmetric, and three-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEA) have been undertaken to predict the force capability of the bearings. An unoptimized prototype passive magnetic bearing is constructed to demonstrate the concept and its force-carrying capacity. The experimental results are then compared with those obtained from the FEA. Further optimization of the bearings is done across the whole design space comprising tens of thousands of models using an automatic mesh generator in conjunction with solving the FE models in nested loops.

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33

Wang, Hong Ming, Li Li Yang, Hua Zhu, and Yong Qi Yan. "Comparison of Effects of B₂O₃ and CaF₂ on Metallurgical Properties of High Basicity CaO-Based Flux." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 966–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.966.

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B2O3 is employed as fluxing agent of high basicity CaO-based flux to substitute for CaF2. The effects of B2O3 and CaF2 on the metallurgy properties of CaO-based flux were investigated. The results indicate that the fluxing action of B2O3 is better than that of CaF2. For the high basicity CaO-based flux, when CaF2 is substituted with B2O3, the melting temperature can be decreased remarkably. Especially, when the mass ratios of CaO/SiO2 are in range of 5.25~8.0, the flux melting temperature is lower than 1300 °C. The inflection point temperature of flux viscosity-temperature curve is lowered remarkably when B2O3 is employed to substitute for CaF2. Meanwhile, the desulfurization capacity of flux can be improved markedly when CaF2 is substituted with equal mass of B2O3.

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34

Hu, Wenjing, Xueyi Zhang, Hongbin Yin, Huihui Geng, Yufeng Zhang, and Liwei Shi. "Analysis of Magnetic Field and Electromagnetic Performance of a New Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Motor with dual-V type Magnets." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2020): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061501.

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Due to the increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution, the development of drive motors for new energy vehicles (NEVs) has become the focus of popular attention. To improve the sine of the air-gap flux density and flux regulation capacity of drive motors, a new hybrid excitation synchronous motor (HESM) has been proposed. The HESM adopts a salient pole rotor with built-in dual-V permanent magnets (PMs), non-arc pole shoes and excitation windings. The fundamental topology, operating principle and analytical model for a magnetic field are presented. In the analytical model, the rotor magnetomotive force (MMF) is derived based on the minimum reluctance principle, and the permeance function considering a non-uniform air-gap is calculated using the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method. Besides, the electromagnetic performance including the air-gap magnetic field and flux regulation capacity is analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results of the air-gap magnetic field are consistent with the analytical results. The experiment and simulation results of the performance show that the flux waveform is sinusoidal-shaped and the air-gap flux can be adjusted effectively by changing the excitation current. This study provides design methods and theoretical analysis references for this type of HESM.

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35

Glass, Chris R. "Resilience for a World in Flux." Journal of International Students 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): I—III. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v7i2.316.

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The rise of nationalism worldwide has led many international researchers to reflect on their role as educators and leaders. Resilience is vital during such tumultuous times. The popular definition of resilience is the capacity to quickly recover from difficulties and setbacks. The term is often misunderstood for a type of sturdy individualism that some people possess more than others or the immunity from stress and negative emotions. There is another, more empirically-based, understanding of resilience. Diane Coutu (2002) outlines three dimensions of resilience: (a) a staunch acceptance of reality; (b) deep belief buttressed by strongly held values; and (c) an uncanny ability to improvise. I believe, as international researchers and educators, we must be resilient in a world where the policies and politics around international students are increasingly in flux.

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36

Quezada, Carolina, Humberto Estay, Alfredo Cassano, Elizabeth Troncoso, and René Ruby-Figueroa. "Prediction of Permeate Flux in Ultrafiltration Processes: A Review of Modeling Approaches." Membranes 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050368.

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In any membrane filtration, the prediction of permeate flux is critical to calculate the membrane surface required, which is an essential parameter for scaling-up, equipment sizing, and cost determination. For this reason, several models based on phenomenological or theoretical derivation (such as gel-polarization, osmotic pressure, resistance-in-series, and fouling models) and non-phenomenological models have been developed and widely used to describe the limiting phenomena as well as to predict the permeate flux. In general, the development of models or their modifications is done for a particular synthetic model solution and membrane system that shows a good capacity of prediction. However, in more complex matrices, such as fruit juices, those models might not have the same performance. In this context, the present work shows a review of different phenomenological and non-phenomenological models for permeate flux prediction in UF, and a comparison, between selected models, of the permeate flux predictive capacity. Selected models were tested with data from our previous work reported for three fruit juices (bergamot, kiwi, and pomegranate) processed in a cross-flow system for 10 h. The validation of each selected model’s capacity of prediction was performed through a robust statistical examination, including a residual analysis. The results obtained, within the statistically validated models, showed that phenomenological models present a high variability of prediction (values of R-square in the range of 75.91–99.78%), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) in the range of 3.14–51.69, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in the range of 0.22–2.01 among the investigated juices. The non-phenomenological models showed a great capacity to predict permeate flux with R-squares higher than 97% and lower MAPE (0.25–2.03) and RMSE (3.74–28.91). Even though the estimated parameters have no physical meaning and do not shed light into the fundamental mechanistic principles that govern these processes, these results suggest that non-phenomenological models are a useful tool from a practical point of view to predict the permeate flux, under defined operating conditions, in membrane separation processes. However, the phenomenological models are still a proper tool for scaling-up and for an understanding the UF process.

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37

Ji, Kejia, Hongjie Xu, Xiaodong Ma, Jie Yin, and Xuesong Jiang. "Hyperbranched poly(ether amine)@poly(vinylidene fluoride) (hPEA@PVDF) porous membranes for selective adsorption and molecular filtration of hydrophilic dyes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 21 (2017): 10470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta02176c.

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38

Na, Uhn Joo, and Alan Palazzolo. "Optimized Realization of Fault-Tolerant Heteropolar Magnetic Bearings." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 122, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1303072.

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Flux coupling in heteropolar magnetic bearings permits remaining active coils to assume actions of failed coils to produce force resultants identical to the un-failed actuator. This fault-tolerant control usually reduces load capacity because the redistribution of the magnetic flux which compensates for the failed coils leads to premature saturation in the stator or journal. A distribution matrix of voltages which consists of a redefined biasing voltage vector and two control voltage vectors can be optimized in a manner that reduces the peak flux density. An elegant optimization method using the Lagrange multiplier is presented in this paper. The linearized control forces can be realized up to certain combination of 5 poles failed for the 8 pole magnetic bearing. Position stiffness and voltage stiffness are calculated for the fault-tolerant magnetic bearings. Simulations show that fault-tolerant control of the multiple poles failed magnetic bearings with a horizontal flexible rotor can be achieved with reduced load capacity. [S0739-3717(00)01103-X]

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39

Zhang, Yaoling, and Fei Guo. "Breaking the Saturated Vapor Layer with a Thin Porous Membrane." Membranes 12, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121231.

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The main idea of membrane distillation is to use a porous hydrophobic membrane as a barrier that isolates vapor from aqueous solutions. It is similar to the evaporation process from a free water surface but introduces solid–liquid interfaces and solid–vapor interfaces to a liquid–vapor interface. The transmembrane mass flux of a membrane-distillation process is affected by the membrane’s intrinsic properties and the temperature gradient across the membrane. It is interesting and important to know whether the evaporation process of membrane distillation is faster or slower than that of a free-surface evaporation under the same conditions and know the capacity of the transmembrane mass flux of a membrane-distillation process. In this work, a set of proof-of-principle experiments with various water surface/membrane interfacial conditions is performed. The effect and mechanism of membrane-induced evaporation are investigated. Moreover, a practical engineering model is proposed based on mathematical fitting and audacious simplification, which reflects the capacity of transmembrane flux.

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40

ZHU, Jianwei. "Study on Ultimate Load Capacity of Reactor Pressure Vessel under Critical Heat Flux." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 53, no. 2 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2017.02.045.

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41

ZHAO, LIWEI, JIANGFENG NI, HAIBO WANG, and LIJUN GAO. "FLUX SYNTHESIS OF Na0.44MnO2 NANORIBBONS AND THEIR ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES FOR Na-ION BATTERIES." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 02 (April 2013): 1350012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713500124.

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Well-crystallized Na0.44MnO2 is readily synthesized via a facile NaCl -flux reaction at 850°C for 5 h. The Na0.44MnO2 material exhibits a well-defined nanoribbon structure with dimension of 50–100 nm in thickness and 200–500 nm in width. Electrochemical properties of as-prepared Na0.44MnO2 are thoroughly investigated on assembled nonaqueous Na0.44MnO2 // Na cells using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the Na0.44MnO2 nanoribbon material can deliver a high capacity of 106 mAh g-1 with stable cycling performance over 40 cycles. In addition, it exhibits a favorable rate capability, delivering a capacity of 90 mAh g-1 at a rate of 1 C. The high capacity retention combined with acceptable rate capability makes the Na0.44MnO2 a promising electrode material for advanced Na -ion batteries.

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42

Gao, X., D. Zhang, O. Rozier, and C. Narteau. "Transport capacity and saturation mechanism in a real-space cellular automaton dune model." Advances in Geosciences 37 (April 22, 2014): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-37-47-2014.

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Abstract. In a real-space cellular automaton dune model, individual physical processes such as erosion, deposition and transport are implemented by nearest neighbor interactions and a time-dependent stochastic process. Hence, the transport capacity, the saturation mechanism and the characteristic wavelength for the formation of dunes are emergent properties that can only be determined a posteriori from the output of the numerical simulations. Here we propose a simplified version of the model to establish asymptotic relations between the microscopic erosion-deposition-transport rate parameters and the characteristic length and time scales of the flux saturation mechanism. In particular, we show that, in the cellular automaton, the saturation length is a mean transport distance controlled by the deposition of mobile sedimentary cells. Then, we discuss how these results can be used to determine the sediment flux within dune fields and the rate parameters of a new class of discrete models that concentrate on the effect of heterogeneities in grain-size on dune morphodynamics.

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43

Wang, Mingming, Feiyun Sun, Haojie Zeng, Xiaoli Su, Guofei Zhou, Hao Liu, and Dingyu Xing. "Modified Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane for Enhanced Antifouling Capacity and Dye Catalytic Degradation Efficiency." Separations 9, no. 4 (April 4, 2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9040092.

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Catalytic membranes, as a combination of heterogeneous advanced oxidation and membrane technology reaction systems, have important application prospects in the treatment of dyes and other organics. In practical applications, it is still challenging to construct catalytic membranes with excellent removal efficiency and fouling mitigation. Herein, molybdenum disulfide-iron oxyhydroxide (MoS2-FeOOH) was fabricated using iron oxide and MoS2 nanoflakes, which were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Furthermore, by changing the concentration of MoS2-FeOOH, the MoS2-FeOOH/polyethersulfone (PES) composite ultrafiltration membrane was obtained with improved hydrophilicity, permeability, and antifouling capacity. The pure water flux of the composite membrane reached 385.3 L/(m2·h), which was 1.7 times that of the blank PES membrane. Compared with the blank membrane, with the increase of MoS2-FeOOH content, the MoS2-FeOOH/PES composite membranes had better adsorption capacity and catalytic performance, and the membrane with 3.0% MoS2-FeOOH content (M4) could be achieved at a 60.2% methylene blue (MB) degradation rate. In addition, the membrane flux recovery ratio (FRR) of the composite membrane also increased from 25.6% of blank PES membrane (M0) to more than 70% after two cycles of bovine serum albumin (BSA) filtration and hydraulic cleaning. The membrane with 2.25% MoS2-FeOOH content (M3) had the best antifouling performance, with the largest FRR and the smallest irreversible ratio (Rir). Catalytic self-cleaning of the composite membrane M3 recovered 95% of the initial flux with 0.1 mol/L H2O2 cleaning. The MoS2-FeOOH/PES composite membranes with the functions of excellent rejection and antifouling capacity have a good prospect in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater composed of soluble dyes.

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44

Liang, Jing, Yan Dong, Hexu Sun, Rongzhe Liu, and Guantong Zhu. "Flux-Barrier Design and Torque Performance Analysis of Synchronous Reluctance Motor with Low Torque Ripple." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 3958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083958.

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In this paper, an improved rotor structure with cross-shaped flux-barriers was proposed to improve the torque output capacity and reduce the torque ripple of the synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). Firstly, an improved rotor structure of synchronous reluctance motor with cross-shaped flux-barriers, which can be described by two main parameters, is presented. Second, the improved motor is qualitatively analyzed by using magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC), and then the effects of the main parameters of the improved flux-barriers on the distribution of air-gap flux density, average torque, and torque ripple were analyzed by using the finite element method. Based on the above analysis, the rotor structure parameters of the proposed cross-shaped flux-barriers were obtained, and the performance was compared with that of the initial motor. The results show that the proposed rotor structure with cross-shaped flux-barriers can significantly reduce the torque ripple and increase the average torque.

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45

Sun, Peng, Ming Wu Luo, Zhao Xia Sun, Tian Ci Liu, Chang Hong Deng, Lei Chen, Hao Pan, and Feng Zheng. "Penetration Capacity Analysis of Distributed Generation Considering Overcurrent Relay Protection and Flux-Coupling Type FCL." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.923.

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In light of the rapid development of the electric power grid, the integrated application of distributed generation (DG) units can be considered as a key driver. Nevertheless, along with large number of DG units are connected into a distribution network, maybe different kinds of effects are accordingly induced. In particular, regarding the configured relay protection, its selectivity and sensitivity may be affected. In this paper, the penetration capacity analysis of DG considering overcurrent relay protection and flux-coupling type FCL is conducted. Under different fault conditions, the theoretical impacts of introducing DG on the fault current are investigated, and a flux-coupling type FCL is suggested to limit the fault current and potentially enhance the DG’s access capacity. Furthermore, the detailed simulation model of a typical distribution network integrated with the DG and FCL is created. From the simulation results, the employment of the FCL can effectively reduce the fault current’s negative influence on the DG, and improve the DG’s access capacity to a certain extent.

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46

Berg, B. R., and I. H. Sarelius. "Erythrocyte flux in capillary networks during maturation: implications for oxygen delivery." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): H2263—H2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.6.h2263.

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Erythrocyte (RBC) flow variables were measured with videomicroscopy in hamster cremaster muscle capillary networks. Capillary networks consist of subgroups, termed modules, with architectural characteristics that are invariant with maturation [B. R. Berg and I. H. Sarelius. Am. J. Physiol, 268 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 37): H1215-H1222, 1995]. RBC flux in modules decreased from 82.0 +/- 4.3 (SE) cells/s at 51 days of age to 59.5 +/- 7.5 and 27.5 +/- 2.8 cells/s at 65 and 79 days of age, respectively. Mean cell velocity at 51 days (385 +/- 10 microns/s) was higher than at 65 or 79 days (285 +/- 15 and 241 +/- 12 microns/s, respectively). Cell content (number of cells per unit length) decreased later, between 65 and 79 days (from 0.21 +/- 0.01 and 0.23 +/- 0.02 cells/micron at 51 and 65 days, respectively, to 0.12 +/- 0.01 cells/micron at 79 days). These temporal differences in the decrease in cell velocity and cell content suggest different regulatory mechanisms. The capacity of capillary networks to deliver oxygen was modeled by using the calculated mean PO2 at the capillary wall to indicate the capacity to delivery oxygen. During maturation, the mean capillary wall PO2 remained unchanged (15.5 +/- 1.2 and 11.4 +/- 2.7 Torr in maximal dilation and 24.5 +/- 1.4 and 22.8 +/- 2.4 Torr at rest at 51 and 79 days, respectively). Thus, despite changes in RBC flow variables with maturation, the capacity for networks to deliver oxygen remains constant.

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47

Conley, Kevin E., William F. Kemper, and Gregory J. Crowther. "Limits to sustainable muscle performance: interaction between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 18 (September 15, 2001): 3189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.18.3189.

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SUMMARY This paper proposes a mechanism responsible for setting the sustainable level of muscle performance. Our contentions are that the sustainable work rate is determined (i) at the muscle level, (ii) by the ability to maintain ATP supply and (iii) by the products of glycolysis that may inhibit the signal for oxidative phosphorylation. We argue below that no single factor ‘limits’ sustainable performance, but rather that the flux through and the interaction between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation set the level of sustainable ATP supply. This argument is based on magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of the sources and sinks for energy in vivo in human muscle and rattlesnake tailshaker muscle during sustained contractions. These measurements show that glycolysis provides between 20% (human muscle) and 40% (tailshaker muscle) of the ATP supply during sustained contractions in these muscles. We cite evidence showing that this high glycolytic flux does not reflect an O2 limitation or mitochondria operating at their capacity. Instead, this flux reflects a pathway independent of oxidative phosphorylation for ATP supply during aerobic exercise. The consequence of this high glycolytic flux is accumulation of H+, which we argue inhibits the rise in the signal activating oxidative phosphorylation, thereby restricting oxidative ATP supply to below the oxidative capacity. Thus, both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation play important roles in setting the highest steady-state ATP synthesis flux and thereby determine the sustainable level of work by exercising muscle.

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48

Doudou, Naoki, Naoki Yamamura, and Muneaki Ishida. "Study on the Cooperative Control of the Power Generation System and an Electric Power Compensatory System in Micro Grid." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1278.

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We have proposed a method to cooperative control both fly wheel energy storage system (FWES) and micro gas turbine (MGT) electrical generation system in micro grid system because the capacity of the electric power storage equipment used for electric power compensation is desirable to have low capacity as much as possible from the viewpoint of cost. The speed information of FWES is necessary in order to perform the cooperative control. When system composition is considered, it is desirable to use a speed observer instead of a rotoring speed sensor from the viewpoint of cost and maintenance side. Therefore, the adaptive rotor flux observer is proposed in of this paper. And the validity of adaptive rotor flux observer is confirmed by the simulation.

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49

LESNIC, D. "THE DETERMINATION OF THE UNKNOWN THERMAL PROPERTIES OF HOMOGENEOUS HEAT CONDUCTORS." International Journal of Computational Methods 01, no. 03 (December 2004): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876204000228.

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The aim of this paper is to determine the two constant parameters corresponding to the physical properties of a homogeneous heat conductor, namely, the heat capacity and the thermal conductivity, from heat flux and temperature measurements. An iterative nonlinear least-squares boundary element method is proposed. The inversion is performed for both exact and noisy measurements. Numerically, it is shown that the thermal properties can uniquely and stably be retrieved from two measurements containing at least one heat flux measurement for finite homogeneous heat conductors, whilst theoretically, for the semi-infinite conductor it is shown that one heat flux and one internal temperature measurement are necessary and sufficient.

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50

Zhang, Wenqing, Jie Li, Kun Zhang, and Peng Cui. "Decoupling Suspension Controller Based on Magnetic Flux Feedback." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/956790.

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The suspension module control system model has been established based on MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) state feedback linearization. We have completed decoupling between double suspension points, and the new decoupling method has been applied to CMS04 magnetic suspension vehicle in national mid-low-speed maglev experiment field of Tangshan city in China. Double suspension system model is very accurate for investigating stability property of maglev control system. When magnetic flux signal is taken back to the suspension control system, the suspension module’s antijamming capacity for resisting suspension load variety has been proved. Also, the external force interference has been enhanced. As a result, the robustness and stability properties of double-electromagnet suspension control system have been enhanced.

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