Дисертації з теми "Flush water"
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Ringler, Simon. "First Flush Characterization of Storm Water Runoff." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/537.
Повний текст джерелаReyes, Matthew David. "High volume flush vs. low-flush water closets and solid waste transport distance: a comparative study." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1442.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Rene. "Drain line clogs with a 1.6 gallon per flush water closet." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19223.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science
Thomas Logan
Typical building sanitary lines are sloped at a minimum of 1/8” to utilize gravity and prevent liquid separation from solid waste. The purpose of this research is to analyze how a lesser amount of water from a 1.6 gallon per flush water closet affects drainage in a four inch diameter pipe at 1/4" slope. Low flow water closet manufacturers ensure that waste clears the bowl, but there is no significant research following the flushed water further down the pipe line. This research utilizes a 1.6 gallon per flush floor-mounted water closet connected to 30 feet of sloped four inch PVC Drain Waste Vent piping. Data presented from 25 flush trials indicates that further research needs to be conducted at a smaller pipe diameter. Four-inch piping is too large, causing the 1.6 gallons of water to quickly lose the required force over the course of 30 feet, resulting in pipe line clogs. An average of four additional water-only flushes are necessary to completely clear the test media and toilet paper from the pipe. This research references previously published research and focuses on test results presented by the Plumbing Efficiency Research Coalition. Two case studies of city wide replacements of old water closets are presented to discuss the viability of city wide mandates in relation to water conservation.
Robinson, A. W. "Water relations and the control of flush growth in Theobroma cacao L." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380125.
Повний текст джерелаSu, Yuming. "Storm Water Runoff First Flush Modeling and Treatment with a Hydrodynamic Device." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1170334793.
Повний текст джерелаThomson, Sean Richard. "Methane Production by a Packed-Bed Anaerobic Digester Fed Dairy Barn Flush Water." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1329.
Повний текст джерелаCerrato, Jose Manuel. "Impact of Piping Materials on Water Quality in Tegucigalpa, Honduras." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35030.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Henneman, Seppi Matthew. "WATER AND AIR QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF A RECIPROCATING BIOFILTER TREATING DAIRY WASTEWATER." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/486.
Повний текст джерелаHandlon, Sarah F. "Determination of the within event variability and the influence of seasonality on nutrient cycling processes within a green roof." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553513890942554.
Повний текст джерелаFerreira, Leonete Cristina de Ara?jo. "Varia??o da qualidade da ?gua do escoamento superficial de duas bacias de drenagem de Natal/RN - Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15955.
Повний текст джерелаConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The urban drainage is one of the powers of environmental sanitation and its scope is the quantitative and qualitative aspects. In decision making of managers and the engineering aspects of design are almost always taken into account only the quantitative aspects. However, the waters of the runoff have the highest concentrations of pollutants at the beginning of precipitation. Thus, if the plot pollution removed, the remaining portion can be used for other purposes. This work has aimed to present the variation of water quality of two drainage basins in the city of Natal / RN-Brazil to support the implementation of drainage to consider the qualitative aspect, and identify potential for the use of water. The basins (M and C) are analyzed closed-type, are in the urban area, are predominantly residential occupation and its waters are used for detention ponds and infiltration. The samples were divided into three phases, the first two direct to final points in a basin and the third in traps distributed over the surface drainage. The parameters had been analyzed were pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, Color, Turbidity, COD, Ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, Sediments solids, total solids, chloride, sulfate, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, Heavy Metals (Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Zinc and Copper), Eschichia coli and total coliforms. The parameters studied showed high initial pollution load, events and located in different proportions, except nitrite, heavy metals and biological indicators. The size of the surface drainage and topographic its features influence the quality of water. However, the form of sampling is crucial in the qualitative study in the basin. The samplers developed at work, were generated economic and representative results. The urban rainwater presents organic faecal indicators. The runoff of water from both basins shows no risk of salinity and sodicity for use in irrigation, should be noted the content of chloride in the choice of method of irrigation
A drenagem urbana ? uma das compet?ncias do saneamento ambiental e em seu escopo est?o os aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos. Na tomada de decis?o dos gestores e nos aspectos de projeto de engenharia, s?o levados em considera??o quase sempre somente os aspectos quantitativos. No entanto, as ?guas do escoamento superficial possuem as maiores concentra??es de poluentes no in?cio da precipita??o. Desta forma, caso seja removida a parcela poluidora, a parcela restante pode ser aproveitada para outros fins. Este trabalho tem com objetivo apresentar a varia??o da qualidade da ?gua de duas bacias de drenagem na cidade de Natal/RN-Brasil de modo a subsidiar a aplica??o de pr?ticas de drenagem que considerem o aspecto qualitativo, bem como identificar potencial para o uso dessas ?guas. As bacias (M e C) analisadas s?o do tipo fechadas, se encontram na ?rea urbana, possuem ocupa??o predominantemente residencial e suas ?guas s?o destinadas para lagoas de deten??o e infiltra??o. As coletas foram divididas em tr?s fases, as duas primeiras diretas no exut?rio de uma das bacias e a terceira, em coletores distribu?dos ao longo sua superf?cie de drenagem. Foram analisados os par?metros de pH, Condutividade El?trica, Oxig?nio Dissolvido, Cor, Turbidez, DQO, Am?nia, Nitrito, Nitrato, F?sforo Total, Ortofosfato, S?lidos Sediment?veis, S?lidos totais, Cloretos, Sulfatos, Alcalinidade, C?lcio, Magn?sio, S?dio, Pot?ssio, Metais Pesados (Cromo, C?dmio, Chumbo, Zinco e Cobre), Eschichia coli e Coliformes Totais. Os par?metros estudados apresentaram elevada carga poluidora inicial, em eventos localizados e com propor??es diferentes, exceto nitrito, os metais e os indicadores biol?gicos. A dimens?o da superf?cie de drenagem e suas caracter?sticas topogr?ficas influenciam na qualidade da ?gua. Contudo, a forma de amostragem ? decisiva na caracteriza??o qualitativa da bacia em estudo. Os amostradores desenvolvidos durante o trabalho apresentaram-se econ?micos e geraram resultados representativos. As ?guas pluviais urbanas apresentam indicadores biol?gicos fecais. A ?gua do escoamento superficial de ambas as bacias n?o apresenta risco de salinidade e sodicidade para uso em irriga??o, devendo ser observado o teor de cloreto na escolha do m?todo de irriga??o
Abu, Hajar Husam A. "Exfiltration Trenches for Post Construction Storm Water Management for Linear Transportation Projects: Field Study of Suspended Materials." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1329430042.
Повний текст джерелаTurčenko, Sandra. "Paviršinių nuotekų Vilniaus mieste užterštumo tyrimai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100701_091557-21888.
Повний текст джерелаThis work of scientific research named „The research of the pollution of storm water runoff in Vilnius city“ overlooks the fluctuation of concentration of suspended solids in a storm water runoff. There was also the concept of the first flush phenomenon investigated, which means, that the store of pollutants that had accumulated on paved surface in dry weather are quickly washed off during the beginning of the storm. Investigation of the first flush phenomenon consistent reliability and universality would help to determine the amount of storm water runoff that needs to be purified. Knowing that most of the urban pollutant load is transported in the beginning of a storm and the rest of storm water runoff do not have a significant impact on river ecosystem, water treatment facilities could be designed so that they accept only the first portions of the storm water runoff. In this case, a much smaller volume of runoff storage would be needed to treat and remove urban pollutants. This would allow more efficient and economical control of storm water runoff. The study areas where selected to be the representative drainage basin for a large (Verkių g. Nr1) and small (Sporto g. Nr.2) commercial-residential district. Research results showed that storm water runoff flow and suspended solids concentration change depends on the characteristics of the urban catchment’s area, also from the network storage properties and from the intensity of rainfall... [to full text]
Weitbrecht, Volker. "Influence of dead-water zones on the dispersive mass transport in rivers." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl, 2004. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972080783.
Повний текст джерелаLewis, G. N. "Flash rusting of steel with water base paints." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376937.
Повний текст джерелаMalyevac, David Stephen. "Modeling the flash gate board for water storage and flood control." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80069.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Arwood, Bryan Stuart. "The effectiveness of advanced oxidation techniques in degrading steroids in wastewater." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010m/arwood.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHo, San-Ping. "Water spray suppression and intensification of high flash point hydrocarbon pool fires." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0829103-153046.
Повний текст джерелаStenger, Dillon Michael. "Dependency of Aluminum Nanoparticle Flash Ignition on Sample Internal Water Content and Aggregation." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1481287759463389.
Повний текст джерелаMaschke, Nancy Jane. "Assessing the effects of cattle exclusion practices on water quality in headwater streams in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31811.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Kalva, Deepa. "Wafer probe and package test failure analysis of NAND flash memory." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202499512/.
Повний текст джерелаLatif, Nidhal Abbas Abdul. "Trihalomethane compounds in the drinking water of Kuwait : a survey from source to consumer." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4973.
Повний текст джерелаCiccarelli, Gaby. "Investigation of vapor explosions with single molten metal drops in water using flash X-ray." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39276.
Повний текст джерелаAl, Anqah Laila. "Trace element contaminants in the Kuwait water production system." Thesis, Brunel University, 1996. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5012.
Повний текст джерелаBARTOLO, ANA CRISTINA. "IN A FLASH: AN APPROACH TO THE CONCEPT OF DIALECTICAL IMAGE FROM WALTER BENJAMIN." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30414@1.
Повний текст джерелаCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta dissertação reflete sobre uma concepção de imagem associada à dimensão do tempo, tendo como elementos condutores as noções de lampejo e de constelação, utilizadas na definição de imagem dialética de Walter Benjamin. O trabalho é dividido em duas partes, na primeira os termos metafóricos lampejo e constelação são desdobrados em algumas das suas acepções na obra benjaminiana e, na segunda, se estabelece um diálogo com os elementos teóricos, anteriormente desenvolvidos, a partir de um pequeno conjunto de objetos singulares: um poema, uma imagem conceitual e algumas imagens plásticas.
This essay reflects a conceptual image associated with the dimension of time and has as conducting elements the notions of Flash and Constellation used in the definition of the dialectical image by Walter Benjamin. This paper is divided in two parts: in the first, the metaphorical terms Flash and Constellation are deployed in some of their meanings in the Benjaminian work and, in the second, establishing a dialogue with the theoretical elements, previously developed from a small set of unique objects: a poem, a conceptual image and some plastic images.
Pham, Long Vo. "Oxidation and reduction reactions of the water-oxidizing complex in photosystem II." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111862.
Повний текст джерелаKneis, David. "A water quality model for shallow river lake systems and its application in river basin management." Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1464.
Повний текст джерелаSheth, Sujitraj. "Synthesis and characterization of catalysts for photo-oxidation of water." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981124.
Повний текст джерелаTello, Oquendo Fernando Mauricio. "Study of scroll compressors with vapor-injection for heat pumps operating in cold climates or in high-temperature water heating applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/120473.
Повний текст джерела[CA] Aquesta tesi doctoral presenta un estudi de compressors scroll amb injecció de vapor (SCVI) per a bombes de calor que operen en climes freds o per a aplicacions d'escalfament d'aigua a alta temperatura. Per a això, es va comparar experimentalment un SCVI amb un compressor de dues etapes de pistons (TSRC) treballant amb R-407C en condicions extremes. La comparació es va realitzar en termes d'eficiències del compressor, capacitat, COP i rendiments estacionals tant per al mode calefacció com per al mode refrigeració. Els resultats proporcionen una idea general sobre el rang d'aplicació dels compressors estudiats i sobre les diferències en els rendiments dels compressors. No obstant això, es van identificar diverses limitacions en la caracterització dels compressors i en l'anàlisi del cicle. Això va motivar a aprofundir en l'estudi del cicle de compressió de dues etapes i els seus components. El següent pas va ser realitzar una anàlisi teòrica dels cicles de compressió de dues etapes per a aplicacions de calefacció, on es va identificar la pressió intermèdia i la relació d'injecció com els paràmetres del sistema més influents sobre el COP. La pressió intermèdia es va optimitzar per a dues configuracions d'injecció (tanc de separació i economitzador) utilitzant diversos refrigerants. Basant-se en els resultats de l'optimització, es va proposar una correlació que permet obtindre la pressió intermèdia òptima del cicle, considerant la influència del subrefredament a l'eixida del condensador. A més, es va analitzar la influència del disseny dels components del sistema sobre el COP del cicle. Posteriorment, l'estudi es va aprofundir a nivell de components. El factor més crític en el sistema és el rendiment del compressor. Per tant, el següent pas va ser avaluar la influència de diversos sistemes de compressió amb injecció de vapor sobre el COP. Es van prendre en compte tres tecnologies de compressors, un SCVI, un TSRC i un compressor scroll de dues etapes (TSSC). Aquestes tecnologies de compressors van ser caracteritzades i modelades per a estudiar el seu rendiment. Per a això, es va proposar una nova metodologia per a caracteritzar compressors scroll amb injecció de vapor. Aquesta metodologia permet avaluar el rendiment del compressor independentment del mecanisme d'injecció que s'utilitza en el cicle. Es va identificar una correlació lineal entre la relació d'injecció de refrigerant i la relació de compressió intermèdia. Aquesta correlació s'utilitza per a determinar el flux màssic d'injecció en funció de la pressió intermèdia. Posteriorment, es va proposar un model semi-empíric de compressors scroll i una metodologia per a estendre aquest model per a compressors scroll amb injecció de vapor. Els models van ser ajustats i validats utilitzant dades experimentals de quatre compressors scroll treballant amb R-290 i un SCVI treballant amb R-407C. Finalment, es va comparar un SCVI amb dos compressors de dues etapes, un TSSC i un TSRC, treballant en condicions extremes. Es va optimitzar la relació de volums dels compressors de dues etapes. Els resultats mostren que, en les condicions nominals de funcionament (Te=-15 °C, Tc=50 °C), la relació de volums òptima del TSSC és 0.58, i del TSRC és 0.57. El TSSC aconsegueix un COP 6% major que el SCVI i un COP 11.7% major que el TSRC. Sota un ampli rang de condicions d'operació, el SCVI presenta una millor eficiència i COP per a relacions de pressió inferiors a 5. Per a relacions de pressió més altes, el TSSC presenta millor rendiment i aconsegueix una temperatura de descàrrega més baixa. Es conclou que el SCVI és una solució fàcil d'implementar, des del punt de vista del mecanitzat, i que permet estendre el mapa de treball dels compressors d'una etapa. No obstant això, els resultats mostren que la compressió en dues etapes aconsegueix millorar en major mesura el COP del cicle i la capacitat, amb una major reducció de la
[EN] This Ph.D. thesis presents a study of scroll compressors with vapor-injection (SCVI) for heat pumps operating in cold climates or in high-temperature water heating applications. To do so, firstly, an SCVI was experimentally compared with a two-stage reciprocating compressor (TSRC) working with R-407C under extreme conditions. The comparison was made in terms of compressor efficiencies, capacity, COP, and seasonal COP, both for heating and cooling modes. The results give a general idea about the application range of the studied compressors and the differences in the compressors' performance. Nevertheless, several restrictions in the compressors' characterization and the cycle analysis were identified. This motivated us to deepen in the study of the two-stage compression cycle and its components. The next step was performing a theoretical analysis of two-stage compression cycles for heating applications, where the intermediate pressure and the injection ratio were identified as the most influential system parameters on the COP. The intermediate pressure was optimized for two vapor-injection configurations (flash tank and economizer) using several refrigerants. Based on the optimization results, a correlation was proposed that allows obtaining the optimal intermediate pressure of the cycle, considering the influence of the subcooling at the condenser outlet. In addition, a theoretical analysis of the influence of the design of the system components on the COP of the cycle was performed. Once the thermodynamic analysis of the two-stage cycle was carried out, the study was deepened at the component level. The most critical factor in the system is the compressor performance. Hence, the next step was evaluating the influence of several compression systems with vapor-injection on the COP. Three compressor technologies were taken into account, an SCVI, a TSRC and a two-stage scroll compressor (TSSC). These compressor technologies were characterized and modeled in order to study their performance. To do so, a new methodology to characterize SCVI was proposed. This methodology allows evaluating the compressor performance independently of the injection mechanism used in the cycle. A linear correlation was identified between the refrigerant injection ratio and the intermediate compression ratio. This correlation is used to determine the injection mass flow as a function of the intermediate pressure. Then, a semi-empirical model of scroll compressors and a methodology to extend the model for scroll compressors with vapor-injection was proposed. The models were adjusted and validated using experimental data from four scroll compressors working with R-290 and an SCVI compressor working with R-407C. Finally, an SCVI was compared with two two-stage compressors, a TSSC, and a TSRC, working in extreme conditions. The displacement ratio of the two-stage compressors was optimized. Results show that, at the nominal operating conditions (Te=-15 °C, Tc=50 °C), the optimal displacement ratio of the TSSC is 0.58, and of the TSRC is 0.57. The TSSC achieves 6% larger COP than the SCVI and 11.7% larger COP than the TSRC. Under a wide range of operating conditions, the SCVI presents a better efficiency and COP for pressure ratios below 5. For higher-pressure ratios, the TSSC presents better performance and achieves lower discharge temperature. It is concluded that the SCVI is an easy solution to implement from the point of view of machining, which allows extending the working map of the single-stage compressors. However, the results show that the two-stage compression technology gets further improve the COP of the cycle and the capacity, with a greater reduction of the discharge temperature operating under extreme conditions.
I thank the financial support provided by the Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT) of Ecuador, through the international scholarship program for postgraduate studies “Convocatoria Abierta 2013 Segunda Fase, Grant No 2015-AR37665”.
Tello Oquendo, FM. (2019). Study of scroll compressors with vapor-injection for heat pumps operating in cold climates or in high-temperature water heating applications [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/120473
TESIS
Biegel, Markus. "Hydrologische Modellierung urbaner Nährstoffeinträge in Gewässer auf Flussgebietsebene." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1136796903328-54272.
Повний текст джерелаDiese Arbeit beschreibt die Konzeption und Realisierung des Modells ArcEGMO-URBAN sowie die Modellanwendung im Flussgebiet der Havel. ArcEGMO-URBAN wurde entwickelt um die punktuell in Gewässer eingetragenen Frachten von Gesamtstickstoff und Gesamtphosphor aus urbanen Räumen auf der Ebene von Flussgebieten zu bilanzieren. Die Nährstoffeinträge werden mit einer hohen räumlichen Auflösung und in ihrer innerjährlichen Dynamik berechnet, wobei der Einfluss des Niederschlagsgeschehens auf die Stoffeinträge besonders thematisiert wird. ArcEGMO-URBAN modelliert die Niederschlags-Abfluss- und die Schmutz-Transport-Prozesse in urbanen Räumen unter Berücksichtigung von naturräumlichen, technologischen und sozialen Parametern. Eingangsgrößen sind meteorologische und terrestrische Daten mit einer hohen zeitlichen und räumlichen Auflösung sowie statistische Angaben auf Gemeindeebene. Die digital vorliegenden Flächendaten werden vor der Modellierung mittels GIS-Funktionen ausgewertet und zu Flächen mit gleichen Eigenschaften zusammengefasst. Diesen Flächen werden technologische und soziale Parameter zugeordnet, welche aus den statistischen Angaben abgeleitet wurden. Durch die hohe inhaltliche und räumliche Auflösung der Eingangsdaten können relevante Prozesse teilflächendifferenziert beschrieben werden. Es können sowohl unterschiedliche Wasserver- und -entsorgungstechnologien und die durch sie induzierten Stoffströme als auch unterschiedliche Kanalisationsverfahren berücksichtigt werden. Bezogen auf den Niederschlags-Abfluss-Prozess werden die Abflussbildung und Abflusskonzentration auf befestigten Flächen, die Abflusstransformation und Überlagerung mit dem Trockenwetterabfluss im Kanalnetz und die Abflussaufteilung an Sonderbauwerken bzw. Kläranlagen berechnet. Für die Berücksichtigung der Stoff-Transport-Prozesse werden die durch die Atmosphäre und spezifische Nutzungen bedingten Stoffeinträge sowie der durch die Kanalisation bestimmte Stofftransport berechnet. Die auf der Oberfläche stattfindenden Teilprozesse von Stoffakkumulation und -abtrag können über mittlere Verschmutzungswerte oder detailliert über Akkumulations- und Abtragsfunktionen berechnet werden. Um ein weites Anwendungsspektrum zu gewährleisten, ist das Modell so konzipiert, dass eine Parametrisierung mit Eingangsdaten unterschiedlicher Qualität möglich ist. Abhängig von der verfügbaren Datenbasis werden entweder konkrete Messwerte oder statistische Größen verwendet. Das Programm ist in "C" programmiert und damit auf jeder Rechnerarchitektur lauffähig. Die Validierung des Modells gelingt für einzelne Teilprozesse aber auch für Teilgebiete gut. Die Ergebnisse im Flussgebiet der Havel belegen, dass das Modell ähnliche jährliche Nährstofffrachten wie bereits eingeführte Modelle berechnet. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Ergebnisse das Potenzial des Modells, die innerjährliche Dynamik punktueller Stoffeinträge abzubilden und durch die GIS-gestützte Parametrisierung aufwandsarm Szenarien zu berechnen. Damit ist ArcEGMO-URBAN ein geeignetes Modell zur Bestimmung von Nährstoffeinträgen aus punktuellen Quellen auf der Ebene von Flussgebieten
Pei-Hsuan, Lee, and 李珮璇. "Assessment of First Flush Impact on Source Water Quality." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61470540409874352502.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
環境規劃與管理研究所
90
First flush has been recognized as having the most critical impact on water quality. Storm runoff not only carries pollutants into the receiving waterbody, but also raises stream flow, resulting in a dilution effect on pollutant concentration. In theory, a stream low flow combined with a storm event might result in a strong impact on water quality. Therefore, which design hyetograph makes the critical condition for the water quality needs to be studied and confirmed further. This study collected relevant literature and applied the HSPF model to simulate water quality:SS、TP、NH3-N by applying various design hyetographs to the Diyu Creek in the Feitsui Reservoir watershed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the first flush process which causing water quality variation and to define the critical storm of water quality impact. The results showed that the impact of a small storm was far worse than a big storm. For a small watershed, the dilution effect was shown to be quite important for rainfall during low flow periods. The rainfall condition of 2 hours duration and 1.1 years recurrence interval would bring the worst impact, and the rainfall condition of 4 hours duration and 1.1 years recurrence interval would bring a significant impact. Due to it’s high occurrence frequency, condition of 1.1 years recurrence interval should be of concerned for controlling nonpoint source pollution.
Watson, Steven. "Development of a "first flush" tank for use in Adelaide residential catchments." 2001. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/49077.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (MEng(CivilEngineering))--University of South Australia, 2001.
Syu, Jyun-Jie, and 徐俊傑. "Application of Taguchi Method on the Study of Affecting Factors For Flush performance of Water Closets." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72893346535990035662.
Повний текст джерела龍華科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
103
The design of entire passage system of water closets affects its flush performance. Generally speaking, the passage system is divided into two parts. An upper part includes water tank, a ring passage and water holes passing through the ring passage into the bowel of water closet. A lower part starts from the bowel into a windy passage inside the bowel body. Both parts influence the flush performance. Even more, these two parts are mutually affecting. This mutually affecting effect seriously troubles the designer of water-closet pursing good performance. Based on this reason, this study chooses several important geometric dimensions including the diameter, height and length of passage and the height of tank to discuss their impact on performance by Taguchi method. Further steps are taken to study what flow characteristics at the bowel would make good performance of water closets. The results of this study suggest that among the geometric dimensions chosen, the passage diameter and height of water tank is most influential to the performance. Comparisons of flow field characteristics also show that water closet with better flush performance produces higher swirling in the bowel.
Silva, Ana Isabel Ribeiro da. "Sistemas de aproveitamento de águas pluviais em habitações unifamiliares: funcionamento hidráulico de um sistema de drenagem sifónica." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/36089.
Повний текст джерелаOs sistemas de aproveitamento de águas pluviais permitem substituir a água de uso doméstico, sem exigência de potabilidade, por água pluvial devidamente recolhida, tratada e fornecida. Para que um sistema de aproveitamento de águas pluviais seja considerado sustentável, é preciso que seja: ecologicamente correto, economicamente viável, socialmente justo, e culturalmente diverso. O elemento chave num sistema de aproveitamento de águas pluviais é o dispositivo first-flush, que permite desviar as primeiras chuvas, que transportam consigo uma carga significativa de elementos poluentes e não são adequadas sequer para usos não potáveis. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo teórico e experimental da problemática do aproveitamento das águas pluviais em habitações unifamiliares. Tem como objetivo específico adaptar um sistema de aproveitamento de águas pluviais instalado em laboratório, incorporando um dispositivo first-flush, e descrever o seu funcionamento hidráulico em sistemas de drenagem sifónica. Efetuaram-se ensaios experimentais para determinar os volumes de água rejeitada e armazenada em função do período de funcionamento das válvulas. Optou-se, na realização dos ensaios, por um igual caudal debitado próximo de 3,5 Ls-1, por diversas durações de precipitação (4, 5 e 6 min) e diversos períodos de funcionamento do dispositivo first-flush (aproximadamente o valor de 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 min). Observou-se, igualmente, o escoamento no interior das condutas, utilizando um corante (azulde- metileno). Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o modelo experimental utilizado apresenta, já transposto para a realidade, uma área de cobertura próxima de 150 m2, segundo a ETA 0701. Relativamente ao período de tempo em que ocorre o desvio de água a rejeitar, este deve ser sempre inferior a 3 minutos e 18 segundos. Os maiores níveis de água alcançados na cobertura são no momento de entrada em pressão devido ao aumento do volume de água existente na tubagem. Por fim, em relação à visualização do escoamento verificou-se que o movimento da água ocorre sem qualquer retorno, evitando a possível contaminação de água mais limpa, e a sua velocidade é elevada e uniforme para tubagem de igual diâmetro.
Rainwater harvesting systems allows the use of properly collected, treated and supplied rainwater for domestic use in situations without good water quality requirement. To be sustainable, a rainwater harvesting system must be truly ecological, economically viable, socially fair and culturally diverse. The key element for this system is the first-flush device, which allows the deviation of the collected rainwater during the first few min of a major rainfall event, which carry a significant load of pollutants and are not suitable even for non potable use. This dissertation presents a theoretical and experimental study of rainwater harvesting in single family dwellings. The main aims are to adapt a rainwater harvesting system installed in a laboratory, by incorporating a first-flush device, and to describe the hydraulic operation of siphonic drainage systems. Experiments were carried out in order to determine the volumes of stored and discarded water, according to the period of valves operation. It was chosen, during the experiments, an equal water flow rate around 3,5 Ls-1 and different rainfall durations (4, 5 and 6 min), as well as different periods of operation of the first-flush device (about 1 2, 3, 4 and 5 min). The flow inside the pipelines was observed by means of a tracer (methylene blue). The results from the experimental model used show (transposed into reality) a coverage area around 150 m2. Relating to the period of time in which the rejected water diversion occurs, this should be always less than 3 minutes and 18 seconds. The higher water levels in the coverage were achieved instant when the system becomes pressurized due to the increase of water volume into pipes and because it was a free surface flow. Finally, in relation to the visualization of the flow, it was found that the movement of water occurs without any feedback, avoiding possible contaminations of the clean water, and its velocity is high and uniform for pipes with the same diameter.
Lin, Shu-Chi, and 林淑淇. "Water Soluble Curcumin Preparation Via Electrospinning and Flash Nanoprecipitation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60658881959157887425.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
104
Curcumin is a natural occurring phenolic substance, which has wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antibacterial and anticancer properties. However, its limited aqueous solubility restricts its bioavailability. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is known as a biocompatible and highly water soluble polymer. Solid dispersion of curcumin in electrospun PVP (CUR-PVP) fibrous mat was prepared to increase its solubility and dissolution rate in aqueous solution. Physical characterizations of CUR-PVP by FE-SEM, FTIR-ATR, and XRD were carried out. The average diameter of CUR-PVP fiber in the mat is about 1μm. CUR-PVP can be easily dissolved in water with significantly improve curcumin solubility from 0.39±0.05μg/mL to 491.86±31.27μg/mL. The enhanced solubility is mainly due to the stable chemical complex interaction between curcumin and PVP. CUR-PVP not only can increase DPPH free radical scavenging activity as well as antioxidant activity measured by CUPRAC assay and ferric thiocyanate method but also curcumin photochemical stability. Curcumin encapsulated in acetylated starch (Cur@AS) nanoparticles of 47-58 nm in diameter was also prepared by flash nanoprecipitation to increase the solubility of curcumin. The highest production yield of Cur@AS was 92.9% with curcumin loading capability of 8.19% and curcumin loading encapsulation efficiency of 71.0%. Cur@AS nanoparticles not only can increase curcumin solubility but also increase its antioxidant activity and photochemical stability.
Huang, Ming-Chang, and 黃民昌. "Effect of Surface Roughness on Flash Type Fresh Water Generator." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78584692182454218105.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣海洋大學
輪機工程學系
103
The experimental design of a small flash vaporization desalination machine, and to install a different wall surface roughness in a vacuum platform, to allow the water to enter from the water after heating to the inside of the vacuum platform, the aperture of 0.5 mm with special a nozzle against the wall of the vacuum, by the rough surface of the wall on the particle size of the water molecules to break up, to achieve the effect of the secondary collision, and since the surface area of the water molecules becomes smaller, you can use relatively less evaporate into steam energy to achieve the conditions, but also accelerated its upward velocity of the water condenses into desalination, and finally collecting the condensed water after desalination, to no vacuum platform with increased water desalination compared to the rough surface of the lower proved in flash increase the rough surface of the inner vaporized water desalination machine to create the effect of secondary impact, not only its create desalinated water salinity TDS water quality control indicators are in line with, and indeed can be made to effectively improve water desalination machines. Then at different temperatures down to experiment with pressure was observed after this desalination machine to increase rough surfaces at low temperatures and low pressure conditions to obtain the most effective conditions for fresh water. Data in the whole experiment under, and freshwater machine without increasing the salinity and rough surface made of water than to prove that increased roughness can effectively improve the water in the fresh water making machine, an overview of the overall experimental data found in the interior wall surface of vaporization set on the rough surface when P280, at various temperatures, pressure, level and build water desalination Jieneng effectively improved.
Cheng, Chia-Yi, and 鄭佳鎰. "Single-fluid Nozzle Selection of the Flash type Water Generator." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y4tp9v.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣海洋大學
輪機工程學系
105
In this paper,employ four kinds of single-fluid nozzle in the flash type water generator system, Seawater through single-fluid nozzles to desalination. The nozzle flow and spray particle size will affect desalinated water and salinity quality.The experiment is divided into two stages, the first stage, There will be an atomizing effect of the nozzle with no atomizing effect on the nozzle, experimenting with the best desalination parameters, Comparison of desalinated water and salinity quality. Confirm the truth of the atomization effect can optimize the desalination system. Second stage, Spray particles from four kinds of single-fluid nozzles were heated from boiling point 53°C to 80°C,(In units of 5°C).Record salinity quality and desalinated water, analyze the relationship between temperature and nozzle type. In conclusion, Nozzle atomization effect in the temperature below 80℃ can reduce salinity quality and increase desalinated water. At seawater below70℃, the Spiral structural nozzle is the best choice in the flash type water generator, At sea temperature above 70℃, the solid cone nozzle is the best choice in the flash type water generator. Nozzle atomization affects salinity quality, nozzle flow affects desalinated water production.
Ahmad, Mansoor. "Environmental effects of multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination plant at Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia /." 2002.
Знайти повний текст джерелаChien, Jui-Cheng, and 簡睿成. "Improvement of Nozzle Design and Optimization of Mechanism of (Flash Type) Fresh Water Generator." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66197897120908154081.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣海洋大學
輪機工程學系
102
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the design of a vacuumed desalination mechanism. With three different nozzles, sea water will emit different levels of water mist due to their internal structure. Droplets of sea water are generated by a sudden reduction of pressure and a special designed nozzle this mechanism through.With enough temperature, droplets of sea water evaporate into steam and will be condensed into fresh water later. Examining salinity of this condensed water proves the effectiveness of this desalination mechanism. Analyzing the variance of nozzle and the generation of fresh water and its salinity,best result can be acquired for this design of vacuumed desalination mechanism. The procedures of the study include: (1) Design a vacuum desalination system, (2) Improve nozzle structure, (3) Perform experiments by using Taguchi method and orthogonal array L18( ), (4) Perform analysis of variance to determine thes production and salinity of fresh water, (5) Produce main effects plot, and (6) Find the best combination nozzle type, water temperature, time, and pressure. Indeed, a better design of desalination mechanism can be recognized by the improvement of nozzle determined through the percentage of contribution. Keywords: desalination , Taguchi method
CHEN, JUI-HAN, and 陳瑞韓. "A Study on the Effect of Process Parameters on Thin NAND Flash Wafer by Multi - Beam Matrix Laser Cutting." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g4xtv8.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄應用科技大學
機械工程系
106
In recent years, due to the rapid development of the semiconductor industry, for some micro-package structures, the processing method of wafers has also been developed from the conventional cutting method to the laser cutting method. The yield and manufacturing quality of the packaged products are also greatly improved. This study is designed to investigate the influence of multi-beam matrix laser cutting process on NAND Flash package quality, and find out the important process parameters of multi-beam matrix laser process are defocus amount, laser power, cutting speed and material thickness. Then use the finite element analysis software ANSYS to obtain the minimum temperature influence, stress and strain, and use Taquchi method and variance analysis (ANOVA) to find the optimal temperature combination, the optimal combination of stress and strain and its contribution. degree. Finally, the reliability is tested by verification experiments, and the error is found to be within 3.638%. It is confirmed that the optimized parameter combination has high repetitiveness. It is hoped that this study can contribute to the multi-beam matrix laser cutting process.
Chen, Dao-Ming, and 陳道明. "Optimization the Toshiba Aquilion ONE CT scanner and Siemens SOMATOM Definition Flash CT scanner image resolution using dynamic water phantom and Taguchi analysis." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69379879248306033173.
Повний текст джерела中臺科技大學
醫學影像暨放射科學系暨研究所
100
Optimization the Toshiba Aquilion ONE CT scanner and Siemens SOMATOM Definition Flash CT scanner image resolution using dynamic water phantom and Taguchi analysis. Producing high quality images in CT is important for image interpretation and to obtain the maximum diagnostic information from the images. Hence there is a need for knowledge of image quality assessment tools in CT in order to recognise images of adequate diagnostic efficacy. These are discussed with their relevance to CT image quality optimization. This time using the 320 slices CT scanner and dual source CT scanner set at Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, and BBQ dynamic water phantom is a side length of 30 cm cube, it can be rotated in an external motors, on the right that I made a V-shaped glass capillary test tool, which includes two glass capillary, when the scanning suite will be V-shaped implant into the BBQ inside motors connected with that position. Which the parameter settings in the Siemens dual-source CT kVp, pitch, and FOV of its main domint factor, optimized settings for the B40f kernel, 210 mAs, 140 kVp, 1 pitch, the slice thickness of 7 mm and FOV 250 mm; Toshiba Aquilion ONE CT is kVp,pitch, and slices the thinkness its adjustment factor, the best settings for FC13 kernel,250 mAs, 135 kVp, 0.641 pitch, the slice thickness of 7 mm and FOV 400 mm. In this experiment, which, in accordance with the terms of the self-defined resolution and Taguchi optimization method, after the experience a whole to find out the optimization settings parameters, and finally compare two computed tomography scanners, 320 slices CT of the overall averageperformance is indeed better than the dual-radiation source CT.
Tan, Zhengguo. "Advances in real-time phase-contrast flow MRI and multi-echo radial FLASH." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-8763-3.
Повний текст джерелаSutton, Jill. "Impact of iron-catalyzed dietary lipid peroxidation on growth performance, general health and flesh proximate and fatty acid composition of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in sea water." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15818.
Повний текст джерелаLand and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
Zhou, Yan. "Development of a GIS and model-based method for optimizing the selection of locations for drinking water extraction by means of riverbank filtration." 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73296.
Повний текст джерелаKlinck, Uwe. "Kohlenstoffvorrat, Nährstoffvorräte und Wasserdynamik nach forstlichen Eingriffen in Fichtenreinbestände." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B12F-9.
Повний текст джерела