Дисертації з теми "Fluorescentorganic materials; Explosives materials"
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Dean, Rachel. "Forensic applications of fragmentation of materials by explosives." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422190.
Повний текст джерелаReding, Derek James. "Shock induced chemical reactions in energetic structural materials." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28174.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Chair: Hanagud, Sathya; Committee Member: Kardomateas, George; Committee Member: McDowell, David; Committee Member: Ruzzene, Massimo; Committee Member: Thadhani, Naresh.
Frota, Octávia. "Development of a low cost cook-off test for assessing the hazard of explosives." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9323.
Повний текст джерелаCollins, Adam Leigh. "Environmentally responsible energetic materials for use in training ammunition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610529.
Повний текст джерелаThomas, Samuel William III. "Molecules and materials for the optical detection of explosives and toxic chemicals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36260.
Повний текст джерелаVita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Optical chemosensing, especially using amplifying fluorescent polymers, can allow for the highly sensitive and selective vapor-phase detection of both explosives and highly toxic chemicals, including chemical warfare agents. There are varieties of analyte targets, however, that remain challenging for detection by these methods. Research towards improving this technology has obvious implications for homeland security and soldier survivability. This dissertation details the development of new molecules, materials, and transduction schemes aimed at improving both the versatility and sensitivity of optical chemical detection. Chapter One provides an introduction to the field of fluorescent polymer sensors, principally focusing on their utility in the detection of nitroaromatic explosives. Brief descriptions of other analytical methods used for explosives detection are also included. Chapter Two describes the synthesis and optical properties of a new class of conjugated polymers that contain alkyl-amino groups directly bound to the arene rings of poly(phenylene ethynylene)s and poly(fluorene)s. These materials displayed red-shifted absorption and emission spectra, large Stokes Shifts, as well as long excited state lifetimes.
(cont.) Also described is the use of films of these readily oxidized polymers in the vapor-phase detection of hydrazine down to a concentration of 100 parts-per-billion. This new scheme for the detection of hydrazine vapor relies on the analyte's reduction of oxidized traps ("unquenching") within the polymer film to give a fluorescence "turn-on" signal. Chapter Three begins with an introduction to the various classes of explosive molecules, as well as to the concept of "tagging" plastic explosives with higher vapor pressure dopants in order to make them easier to detect. This is followed by a description of how the taggant DMNB was successfully detected using high band-gap poly(fluorene)s. The higher energy conduction bands of these materials allowed for exergonic electron transfer to DMNB and fluorescence quenching in both the solution and solid states. Phosphorescence is the theme of Chapter Four, in which two research projects based on highly phosphorescent cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes are summarized. This includes the synthesis and optical characterization of a phosphorescent poly(fluorene), one of the repeat units of which is a Pt(ppy)(acac)-type complex. Comparisons of its intrinsic photophysical properties and oxygen-induced quenching behavior to model compounds are also summarized.
(cont.) Chapter Four also details investigations into using oxidative addition reactions of new bis-cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes for the dark-field turn-on chemical detection of cyanogen halides. Incorporating substituents on the ligands that force steric crowding in the square plane accelerated the addition of cyanogen bromide to these complexes, which also correlated with the room-temperature phosphorescence efficiency of these complexes. Exposure of polymer films doped with these complexes gave a dark-field turn on signal to the blue of the reactant that corresponded to the phosphorescence of the Pt(IV) oxidative addition product. Finally, Chapter Five focuses on iptycenes, a very useful structural moiety in the field of optical chemosensing. The development of an improved synthetic procedure for the preparation of the iptycene group is described. This procedure has been showed to be effective in the preparation of a series of new iptycene-containing molecules, including a poly(iptycene). To conclude, the unique counter-aspect ratio alignment behavior of a poly(iptycene) in a stretch-aligned polymer film is summarized. This is rationalized by a "threading" model, in which the chains of the poly(vinyl chloride) matrix occupy the internal-free-volume defined by the poly(iptycene).
by Samuel William Thomas, III.
Ph.D.
Aronson, Joshua Boyer. "The Synthesis and Characterization of Energetic Materials From Sodium Azide." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7597.
Повний текст джерелаSalinas, Soler Yolanda. "Functional hybrid materials for the optical recognition of nitroaromatic explosives involving supramolecular interactions." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/31663.
Повний текст джерелаSalinas Soler, Y. (2013). Functional hybrid materials for the optical recognition of nitroaromatic explosives involving supramolecular interactions [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31663
Alfresco
Premiado
Conroy, Michael W. "Density Functional Theory Studies of Energetic Materials." Scholar Commons, 2009. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3691.
Повний текст джерелаAydelotte, Brady Barrus. "Fragmentation and reaction of structural energetic materials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50253.
Повний текст джерелаPalacios, Manuel A. "Materials and Strategies in Optical Chemical Sensing." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1225902887.
Повний текст джерелаLanderville, Aaron Christopher. "First-principles studies of shock-induced phenomena in energetic materials." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002902.
Повний текст джерелаNarayanan, Vindhya. "Non-equilibrium Thermomechanics of Multifunctional Energetic Structural Materials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7570.
Повний текст джерелаBudzevich, Mikalai. "Atomistic Studies of Shock-Wave and Detonation Phenomena in Energetic Materials." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3717.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Guangyu. "An MD-SPH Coupled Method for the Simulation of Reactive Energetic Materials." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491559185266293.
Повний текст джерелаWhite, Bradley William. "Microstructure and strain rate effects on the mechanical behavior of particle reinforced epoxy-based reactive materials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42801.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Jaber Sultan Saeed. "Development of nanostructures materials for detection of ultra-trace levels of explosives based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10040377/.
Повний текст джерелаWalker, Jeremy D. "Exploring the Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoenergetic Materials from Sol-Gel Chemistry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14573.
Повний текст джерелаJiba, Zetu. "Coating processes towards selective laser sintering of energetic material composites." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79246.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Chemical Technology
MSc
Unrestricted
Doblas, Jiménez David. "Exploration and detection of ultra-traces of explosives by chip calorimetry." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE017/document.
Повний текст джерелаBeing able to sense the minuscule amounts of energetic materials is crucial in the context of the fight against terrorism. Apart from the methods of detection of EM, which are specific to the chemical structure, one could use the enthalpy variations of the EM decomposition process for their detection by means of thermal analysis. However, the sensitivity of classical methods would be still insufficient to sense particles in the nanogram range. By contrast, the recently developed technique of chip calorimetry is perfectly suited for characterizing small amounts of samples and is therefore fully adequate for this task.In order to explore the possibilities of detection and identification of solid micro-particles of EM with thermal analysis, we discuss on the protocols optimized for the detection and identification of nanogram-size particles of EM and its mixtures with the chip calorimeter accessory. The results obtained on pure EM and its mixtures show that the detection threshold can be put at approximately several hundred picograms. The experiments were completed by the in-situ structural analysis using a combination with nanofocus synchrotron XRD
Lloyd, Hayleigh Jayne. "Co-crystallisation of energetic materials : a step-change in the control of properties and performance of munitions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28860.
Повний текст джерелаDursun, Hayrettin. "Determination Of The Postexplosion Residues Of Nitro Group Containing Explosives In Soil With Gc-ms And Gc-tea." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609014/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаresidues used in bombing attacks are optimized with the standard solutions of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazocyclohexane (RDX) and standard mixture solution. The two methods were compared by analysing the postexplosion soil samples. Also an efficient and applicable sample preparation procedure was developed. The results showed that both methods are efficient and sensitive for the postexplosion investigations. It is seen that GC-TEA has lower detection limit and simple chromatograms due to its selectivity against only nitro group containing explosives. However it is concluded that there is a need for a reliable and sensitive method like GC-MS which provides identification and library search, for the determination of the organic components which can not be identified with GC-TEA
Tucker, Michael D. "Characterization of impact initiation of reactions in aluminum-based, intermetallic-forming reactive materials." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42754.
Повний текст джерелаRieger, Max [Verfasser], Klaus [Gutachter] Müller-Buschbaum, and Robert [Gutachter] Luxenhofer. "Preconcentration with Metal-Organic Frameworks as adsorbents for airborne Explosives and Hazardous Materials - A study using inverse gas chromatography / Max Rieger ; Gutachter: Klaus Müller-Buschbaum, Robert Luxenhofer." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1180286693/34.
Повний текст джерелаTaylor, M. J. "Plasma propellant interactions in an electrothermal-chemical gun." Thesis, Department of Environmental and Ordnance Systems, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4010.
Повний текст джерелаTaylor, Michael J. "Plasma propellant interactions in an electrothermal-chemical gun." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4010.
Повний текст джерелаBreidenich, Jennifer L. "Impact-initiated combustion of aluminum." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54403.
Повний текст джерелаSaxena, Shubham. "Nanolithography on thin films using heated atomic force microscope cantilevers." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08302006-223629/.
Повний текст джерелаFrota, O. "Development of a low cost cook-off test for assessing the hazard of explosives." Thesis, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9323.
Повний текст джерела(6998114), Zane A. Roberts. "Heat Generation Mechanisms in Energetic Composite Materials Under Ultrasonic Excitation." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаThermal dissipation of mechanical energy from periodic loading in energetic materials (EMs) leads to the creation of areas of intense, localized heating, called hot spots. The impact and shock conditions for the hot spot initiation of solid explosives have been extensively explored, but little work has focused on high-frequency contact loading. In order to design formulations to address unintentional initiation by mitigating heating in polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) and other heterogeneous EMs, the mechanisms of heat generation which lead to the thermal initiation of energetic composites under ultrasonic excitation were explored. Heat generation mechanisms which may lead to unintentional initiation were identified through the diagnostic techniques of second harmonic generation (SHG) of δ-HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) crystals; X-ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) performed at the Argonne National Laboratory Advanced Photon Source; infrared (IR) thermography; and optical microscopy. This work concludes with high-speed mesoscale observations of dense layers of PETN (pentaerythritol tetraniterate), CL-20 (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane), RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), and HMX which were damaged or driven to decomposition under acoustic insult using the non-intrusive imaging technique of shadowgraphy to detect hot spots within the transparent binder. Recommendations are formed which address binder adhesion, energetic material properties, and particle morphology on the vibration sensitivity of a PBX formulation.
(10526450), Jason A. Wickham. "The Role of Adhesion and Elastic Modulus on the Sensitivity of Energetic Materials to Vibration and Impact." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаThe transformation of mechanical energy into thermal energy within composite energetic materials through various thermomechanical mechanisms is thought to lead to the creation of localized areas of intense heating. The growth of these “hot spots” is responsible for the bulk reaction or decomposition of the energetic material. Understanding the formation and growth of these hot spots has been an active area of research particularly for high-speed impact and shock conditions, but further work remains to be done in particular with respect to hot spot formation due to periodic mechanical excitation. Previous literature has established that many potential thermomechanical mechanisms may act at the interface between the constituent components of a composite energetic material. In order to provide further insight and guidance into the design of safer and more resilient energetic materials, the role of adhesion on hot spot formation for polymer bonded explosives (PBXs), a subset of composite energetic materials, was explored. Single HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane) crystals in polymer blocks were subjected to ultrasonic excitation and subsequent heating was captured via infrared thermography. Subsequent testing of HMX PBXs using a drop weight tower captured changes in the sensitivity of the energetic material. Variation of the polymer binder allowed for a range of adhesive and mechanical properties to be examined. These experiments on the role of adhesion under these kinds of excitations provided insight into how mechanical energy is being transformed into localized heating.
(8630976), Jonathan D. Drake. "Investigation into polymer bonded explosives dynamics under gas gun impact loading." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаYang, Binghua, and 楊炳華. "Theoretical study on the application of oligomeric carbon chain based materials to the explosives separation and recovery." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31556920569132359906.
Повний текст джерела國防大學中正理工學院
應用化學碩士班
99
In this study, aimed at using quantum mechanical theory, i.e., electronic density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) in the latest version of Gaussian 09 program, to analyze the inter-molecule hydrogen bonding(or ven der Waals force), bound energy, and coulomb attraction energy between Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly 1,2methylenedioxy-4-propenyl benzene (PISAF), and poly 4-Methyl-5-vinylthiazole (PMV), those are oligomers of stationary phase packing material and usually used in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate or analyze a mixture of compounds, and 11 kinds of explosive molecules respectively (including explosive compound of military explosives octogen (HMX), hexogen (RDX), ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), pentaerythrite tetranitrate (PETN), nitroglycerin (NG), trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its derivatives (2-MNT, 3-MNT, 4-MNT, 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT)). Furtherore, the results of our study can be applied in the analysis or separation of explosives.
Sil, Sanchita. "Raman Spectroscopy Applications to High Energy Materials." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/3029.
Повний текст джерелаRieger, Max. "Preconcentration with Metal-Organic Frameworks as adsorbents for airborne Explosives and Hazardous Materials - A study using inverse gas chromatography." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177750.
Повний текст джерелаEmpfindlichkeit und Selektivität bleiben die zentralen technischen Anforderungen an analytische Geräte, Detektoren und Sensoren. Speziell in der Gasphase können die Konzentrationen von Gefahrstoffen sehr niedrig sein (z. B. Explosivstoffe) oder bereits bei niedrigen Konzentrationen schädigende Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit aufweisen (z. B. Benzol) während sie viele potenzielle Interferenzien enthält. Präkonzentration, die durch aktives oder passives Sampling von Luft durch ein Adsorbens, gefolgt von einer Thermodesorption realisiert wird, setzt diese Substanzen effektiv in einem kleineren Volumen frei, was zu einer Erhöhung der Konzentration führt. Üblicherweise wird hierfür eine breite Auswahl an Adsorbentien wie Aktivkohlen oder poröse Polymere verwendet. Jedoch weisen viele Adsorbentien entweder chemische Reaktionen wegen aktiver Oberflächen, starke Wasserretention oder hohe Hintergrundemission wegen thermischer Instabilität auf. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) sind eine hybride Substanzklasse, ein Spezialfall der porösen Koordinationspolymere, die aus anorganischen und organischen Baugruppen aufgebaut sind. Sie können für spezifische Anwendungen wie Gasspeicherung, Trennung, Katalyse, Sensorik oder Wirkstofftransport maßgeschneidert werden. Diese Arbeit befasst sich hauptsächlich mit der Untersuchung von MOFs bei der thermischen Anreicherung für luftgetragene Detektionssysteme. Eine Methode zur schnellen Untersuchung von MOF-Analyt Interaktionen wurde entwickelt und angewendet, die inverse Gaschromatographie (iGC). Mit dieser pulschromatographischen Methode wurde die Interaktion von MOFs und Molekülen aus der Klasse der Explosivstoffe sowie Klasse der flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOCs) in der Gasphase bei verschiedenen Temperaturen untersucht und mit Thermodesorptionsmessungen verglichen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit würde gezeigt das Modell-MOFs (HKUST-1, MIL-53 und Fe-BTC) den polymeren Standard Tenax® TA beim Anreichern von Nitromethan an einer 1000 (später 1) ppm Nitromethan Quelle übertrafen. Im Fall von HKUST-1 konnte ein Faktor von 2000 pro Gramm erreicht werden, etwa 100-fach höher als für Tenax. Auf diese Weise könnte eine Nitromethan Konzentration von 1 ppb auf 2 ppm erhöht werden. Diese hohen Anreicherungsfaktoren entstammen vermutlich der hohen spezifischen Wechselwirkung der Nitrogruppe mit den MOFs. Diese wurden durch iGC beim Vergleich von Nitromethans freier Adsorptionsenthalpie mit dem entsprechenden gesättigten Alkan ermittelt. HKUST-1 weist auch einen ähnlichen Adsorptionsmodus (Enthalpie-Entropie Kompensation) für Nitro- und gesättigte Alkane auf. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurde die Anreicherung von 1 ppm Benzol, mit einem ähnlichen Aufbau und anderen MOFs, hauptsächlich UiO-66 und UiO-67, unter trockenen und feuchten (50 %rF) Bedingungen bei konstanten Samplingzeiten, untersucht. Hierbei konnte kein MOF das polymere Tenax beim Anreichern von Benzol übertreffen. Dies liegt vermutlich an den niedrigen Samplingzeiten – während Tenax nach 600 s bereits stark gesättigt ist, gilt dies nicht für MOFs. Im Fall von UiO-66 zeigten vier Proben unterschiedlicher Herkunft ein stark unterschiedliches Verhalten bei trockener und feuchter Anreicherung welches nicht vollständig erklärt werden kann. iGC Untersuchungen mit gesättigten Alkanen und BTEX-Verbindungen konnten aufzeigen, dass räumliche Beschränktheitsfaktoren und dispersive Oberflächenenergien für alle vier Proben unterschiedlich waren. Mit physikochemischen Parametern aus iGC-Messungen konnte jedoch keine einheitliche Hypothese zum Unterscheiden der Proben entwickelt werden. Insgesamt konnte gezeigt werden, dass MOFs bestehende Adsorbens-Standards zum Anreichern von bestimmten Analyten ersetzen oder erweitern können, wobei Präkonzentration ein Konzept ist, welches universell die Empfindlichkeit eines Detektors oder Sensors steigern kann. Insbesondere mit iGC als mächtiges Werkzeug zur Vorselektion können passende MOFs für die entsprechenden Zielanalyten evaluiert werden. Ebenso kann iGC auch zur Bestimmung von Einzelpunkt Retentionsvolumen, welche Verteilungskoeffizienten für eine bestimmte MOF × Analyt × Temperatur Kombination entsprechen, genutzt werden
Ali, Esam M. A., Howell G. M. Edwards, and R. Cox. "Forensic and security applications of a long-wavelength dispersive Raman system." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9304.
Повний текст джерелаA novel dispersive system operating at 1064-nm excitation and coupled with transfer electron InGaAs photocathode and electron bombardment CCD technology has been evaluated for the analysis of drugs of abuse and explosives. By employing near-IR excitation at 1064-nm excitation wavelength has resulted in a significant damping of the fluorescence emission compared to 785-nm wavelength excitation. Spectra of street samples of drugs of abuse and plastic explosives, which usually fluoresce with 785-nm excitation, are readily obtained in situ within seconds through plastic packaging and glass containers using highly innovative detector architecture based upon a transfer electron (TE) photocathode and electron bombarded gain (EB) technology that allowed the detection of NIR radiation at 1064nm without fluorescence interference. This dispersive near-IR Raman system has the potential to be an integral part in the armoury of the forensic analyst as a non-destructive tool for the in-situ analysis of drugs of abuse and explosives. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.