Статті в журналах: "Fluorescent nanoprobes"

1

Yuan, Huanxiang, Yutong Li, Jiaqi Lv, Yunhe An, Di Guan, Jia Liu, Chenxiao Tu, Xiaoyu Wang, and Huijuan Zhou. "Recent Advances in Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Food Safety Detection." Molecules 28, no. 14 (July 24, 2023): 5604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145604.

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Fluorescent nanoprobes show similar fluorescence properties to traditional organic dyes, but the addition of nanotechnology accurately controls the size, shape, chemical composition, and surface chemistry of the nanoprobes with unique characteristics and properties, such as bright luminescence, high photostability, and strong biocompatibility. For example, modifying aptamers or antibodies on a fluorescent nanoprobe provides high selectivity and specificity for different objects to be tested. Fluorescence intensity, life, and other parameters of targets can be changed by different sensing mechanisms based on the unique structural and optical characteristics of fluorescent nanoprobes. What’s more, the detection of fluorescent nanoprobes is cost-saving, simple, and offers great advantages in rapid food detection. Sensing mechanisms of fluorescent nanoprobes were introduced in this paper, focusing on the application progress in pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, heavy metals, microbes, mycotoxins, and other substances in food safety detection in recent years. A brief outlook for future development was provided as well.

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2

Zha, Yiqian, Xinyuan Cui, Yanlei Liu, Shanshan Fan, Yi Lu, Shengsheng Cui, and Daxiang Cui. "Two-Photon Nanoprobe for NIR-II Imaging of Tumour and Biosafety Evaluation." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 18, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2022.3275.

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How to develop near-infrared second window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescent nanoprobes with a uniform size, strong fluorescence signal and good biosafety owns great clinical requirement. Herein we reported that a two photon fluorescent nanoprobe was developed via encapsulating NIR-II-fluorescent molecules into DSPE-PEG, which was effectively endocytosized by cancer cells, and achieved strong NIR-II fluorescence imaging in cancer cells and cancer cell-beard mice models. Prepared NIR-II-fluorescent nanoprobe exhibited rapid metabolism and excellent biocompatibility. In conclusion, the prepared two photon nanoprobe owns good biosafety, and clinical translational prospect in NIR-II fluorescent imaging of tumour in vivo in near future.

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3

Wang, Xiao-Lin, Xiao Han, Xiao-Ying Tang, Xiao-Jun Chen, and Han-Jun Li. "A Review of Off–On Fluorescent Nanoprobes: Mechanisms, Properties, and Applications." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 1249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2021.3117.

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With the development of nanomaterials, fluorescent nanoprobes have attracted enormous attention in the fields of chemical sensing, optical materials, and biological detection. In this paper, the advantages of “off–on” fluorescent nanoprobes in disease detection, such as high sensitivity and short response time, are attentively highlighted. The characteristics, sensing mechanisms, and classifications of disease-related target substances, along with applications of these nanoprobes in cancer diagnosis and therapy are summarized systematically. In addition, the prospects of “off–on” fluorescent nanoprobe in disease detection are predicted. In this review, we presented information from all the papers published in the last 5 years discussing “off–on” fluorescent nanoprobes. This review was written in the hopes of being useful to researchers who are interested in further developing fluorescent nanoprobes. The characteristics of these nanoprobes are explained systematically, and data references and supports for biological analysis, clinical drug improvement, and disease detection have been provided appropriately.

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Boukari, Hacène, Candida Silva, Ralph Nossal, and Ferenc Horkay. "Nanoprobe Diffusion in Poly(Vinyl-alcohol) Gels and Solutions: Effects of pH and Dehydration." MRS Proceedings 1622 (2014): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.74.

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ABSTRACTWe report fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements of the translational diffusion of two fluorescent nanoprobes, rhodamine (R6G) and carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA), embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solutions and gels. The diffusion coefficient was measured as a function of the PVA concentration and pH. Furthermore, we designed and built an optical chamber to determine the diffusion coefficient of the nanoprobes within the PVA solutions and gels subjected to controlled dehydration. We find that 1) lowering pH causes an apparent slowing down of the diffusion of the nanoprobes, 2) increase of PVA concentration and crosslink density also induce slowing down of both nanoprobes, and 3) dehydration induces systematic decrease of the diffusion of TAMRA in both solutions and gels. Taken together, these results demonstrate that transient physical interactions between the nanoprobes and the PVA linear polymers have a significant effect upon nanoprobe diffusion.

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5

Dai, Li, Wenjun Wang, Jie Yan, and Yong Liu. "Novel Synthesis of Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-Based Fluorescent Nanoprobes in Imaging Lung Inflammation." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 20, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2024.3795.

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We aimed to examine the novel synthesis of fluorescent nanoprobes synthesized in imaging lung inflammation and diseased tissues. All reagents were purchased from commercial suppliers to synthesize the PLGA, PEG, GFP, RFP, rhodamine, and magnetic fluorescent nanoprobes. We performed experiments using human lung cells from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cell Center. The cells were cultured in a DMEM medium. Confocal microscopy was used to label the cells during imaging. All statistical analyses were performed in GraphPad Prism. There were significant differences in the fluorescent intensities of all nanoprobes. The fluorescence intensity of the iron oxide nanoprobes was significantly higher than all other probes, while Cy5.5 and RFP nanoprobes had significantly higher fluorescence intensity than PEG and FITC. Moreover, we found that GFP has a better quantum yield than RFP, while RFP has longer emission wavelengths than GFP. Fluorescent nanoprobes have shown great potential as a non-invasive and sensitive tool for imaging lung inflammation and diseased tissue.

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Chen, Jingyao, Dan Li, Chenqi Zhou, Yuqian Zhu, Chenyu Lin, Liting Guo, Wenjun Le, Zhengrong Gu, and Bingdi Chen. "Principle Superiority and Clinical Extensibility of 2D and 3D Charged Nanoprobe Detection Platform Based on Electrophysiological Characteristics of Circulating Tumor Cells." Cells 12, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12020305.

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The electrical characteristic of cancer cells is neglected among tumor biomarkers. The development of nanoprobes with opposing charges for monitoring the unique electrophysiological characteristics of cancer cells. Micro-nano size adsorption binding necessitates consideration of the nanoprobe’s specific surface area. On the basis of the electrophysiological characteristics of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), clinical application and performance assessment are determined. To demonstrate that cancer cells have a unique pattern of electrophysiological patterns compared to normal cells, fluorescent nanoprobes with opposing charges were developed and fabricated. Graphene oxide (GO) was used to transform three-dimensional (3D) nanoprobes into two-dimensional (2D) nanoprobes. Compare 2D and 3D electrophysiological magnetic nanoprobes (MNP) in clinical samples and evaluate the adaptability and development of CTCs detection based on cell electrophysiology. Positively charged nanoprobes rapidly bind to negatively charged cancer cells based on electrostatic interactions. Compared to MNPs(+) without GO, the GO/MNPs(+) nanoprobe is more efficient and uses less material to trap cancer cells. CTCs can be distinguished from normal cells that are fully unaffected by nanoprobes by microscopic cytomorphological inspection, enabling the tracking of the number and pathological abnormalities of CTCs in the same patient at various chemotherapy phases to determine the efficacy of treatment. The platform for recognizing CTCs on the basis of electrophysiological characteristics compensates for the absence of epithelial biomarker capture and size difference capture in clinical performance. Under the influence of electrostatic attraction, the binding surface area continues to influence the targeting of cancer cells by nanoprobes. The specific recognition and detection of nanoprobes based on cell electrophysiological patterns has enormous potential in the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of cancer.

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7

Lee, Wang Sik, Soohyun Lee, Taejoon Kang, Choong-Min Ryu, and Jinyoung Jeong. "Detection of Ampicillin-Resistant E. coli Using Novel Nanoprobe-Combined Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050750.

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Antibiotic-resistant bacteria present a global threat because the infections they cause are difficult to treat. Therefore, it is highly important to develop advanced methods for the identification of antibiotic resistance gene in the virulent bacteria. Here, we report the development of novel nanoprobes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the application of the nanoprobe to the detection of ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli. The nanoprobe for FISH was synthesized by the modified sol–gel chemistry and the synthesized nanoprobe provided strong fluorescent signals and pH stability even under natural light condition. For the double-identification of bacteria species and ampicillin-resistance with a single probe in situ, the nanoprobes were conjugated to the two kinds of biotinylated probe DNAs; one for E. coli-species specific gene and the other for a drug-resistant gene. By using the nanoprobe-DNA conjugants, we successfully detected the ampicillin-resistant E. coli through the FISH technique. This result suggests the new insight into light stable FISH application of the nanoprobe for a pathogenic antibiotic-resistance bacterium.

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8

Liu, Jiyin, Xiaochun Xie, Junna Lu, Yi He, Dan Shao, and Fangman Chen. "Self-Assembled Ru(II)-Coumarin Complexes for Selective Cell Membrane Imaging." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 2284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112284.

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The cell membrane, as the protecting frontier of cells, is closely related to crucial biological behaviors including cell growth, death, and division. Lots of fluorescent probes have been fabricated to monitor cell membranes due to their simplicity and intuitiveness. However, the efficiency of those traditional probes has been limited by their susceptibility to photobleaching and poor water solubility. In this study, we have reported Ru(II)-coumarin complexes consisting of ruthenium, 1,10-phenanthroline, and coumarin 6 to further form self-assembled nanoprobes, for cell membrane targeting and imaging. The fluorescent property could be switchable from red to green through the dynamic disassembly of nanoprobes. Compared with commercial Dil, biocompatible nanoprobes exhibited superior stability for long-term cell imaging, along with remarkedly reduced background interference. Therefore, our self-assembled nanoprobe provides a powerful solution for investigating lipid trafficking with optical imaging.

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9

Zhu, Koujun, Rongguo Lu, Weifeng Qu, Jiaqi Gu, Hu Xiang, Weimin Zhang, and Bin Ni. "Novel Au–Se Nanoprobes for Specific Thrombin Detection in Diagnosis of Lung Cancer." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 18, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 976–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2022.3302.

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Thrombin is associated with malignant tumors and promotes tumor development, metastasis, and angiogenesis, therefore its identification especially in lung cancer cells is crucial. Because the interference of in vivo biothiols caused false positive findings with prior gold fluorescent nanoprobes, in this manuscript, an Au-selenol(Se) nanoprobe (5-FAM-peptide-Se-AuNPs) that could specifically detect thrombin was designed and compared to traditional Au–S nanoprobes. For reaching this goal, fluorophore-bearing thrombin-specific peptide containing selenol at the end was synthesized. The nanoprobe may be broken by thrombin to regain its fluorescence in lung cancer cells, allowing for high-sensitivity thrombin detection. Since the Au–Se bond is more stable than the Au–S bond, the accuracy of the detection results can be guaranteed. The probe synthesis method is simple and cost-effective, as well as having high biocompatibility. Low concentrations of thrombin can be detected and imaged in lung cancer cells. The synthetic method of this probe opens up new avenues for the application of Au–Se bonds.

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10

Song, Lina, Shuai Ren, Yali Yue, Ying Tian, and Zhongqiu Wang. "A Gold Nanocage Probe Targeting Survivin for the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 5 (May 19, 2023): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051547.

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In this paper, Au nanocages (AuNCs) loaded with the MRI contrast agent gadolinium (Gd) and capped with the tumor-targeting gene survivin (Sur–AuNC•Gd–Cy7 nanoprobes) were designed and applied as a targeted imaging agent for pancreatic cancer. With its capacity to transport fluorescent dyes and MR imaging agents, the gold cage is an outstanding platform. Furthermore, it has the potential to transport different drugs in the future, making it a unique carrier platform. The utilization of Sur–AuNC•Gd–Cy7 nanoprobes has proven to be an effective means of targeting and localizing survivin-positive BxPC-3 cells within their cytoplasm. By targeting survivin, an antiapoptotic gene, the Sur–AuNC•Gd–Cy7 nanoprobe was able to induce pro-apoptotic effects in BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells. The biocompatibility of AuNCs•Gd, AuNCs•Gd–Cy7 nanoparticles, and Sur–AuNC•Gd–Cy7 nanoprobes is evaluated through the hemolysis rate assay. The stability of AuNCs•Gd, AuNCs•Gd–Cy7 nanoparticles, and Sur–AuNC•Gd–Cy7 nanoprobes was evaluated by determining their hydrodynamic dimensions following storage in different pH solutions for a corresponding duration. Excellent biocompatibility and stability of the Sur–AuNC•Gd–Cy7 nanoprobes will facilitate their further utilization in vivo and in vitro. The surface-bound survivin plays a role in facilitating the Sur–AuNC•Gd–Cy7 nanoprobes’ ability to locate the BxPC-3 tumor. The probe was modified to incorporate Gd and Cy7, thereby enabling the simultaneous utilization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging (FI) techniques. In vivo, the Sur–AuNC•Gd–Cy7 nanoprobes were found to effectively target and localize survivin-positive BxPC-3 tumors through the use of MRI and FI. After being injected via the caudal vein, the Sur–AuNC•Gd–Cy7 nanoprobes were found to accumulate effectively in an in situ pancreatic cancer model within 24 h. Furthermore, these nanoprobes were observed to be eliminated from the body through the kidneys within 72 h after a single injection. This characteristic is crucial for a diagnostic agent. Based on the aforementioned outcomes, the Sur–AuNC•Gd–Cy7 nanoprobes have significant potential advantages for the theranostic treatment of pancreatic cancer. This nanoprobe possesses distinctive characteristics, such as advanced imaging abilities and specific drug delivery, which offer the possibility of enhancing the precision of diagnosis and efficacy of treatment for this destructive illness.

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Feng, Zhenzhen, Yanyun Ma, Bingjie Li, Leiliang He, Qing Wang, Jin Huang, Jianbo Liu, Xiaohai Yang, and Kemin Wang. "Mitochondria targeted self-assembled ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobes for pH imaging in living cells." Analytical Methods 11, no. 15 (2019): 2097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay00473d.

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12

Jarosova, Romana, Sarah K. Woolfolk, Noraida Martinez-Rivera, Mathew W. Jaeschke, Eduardo Rosa-Molinar, Candan Tamerler, and Michael A. Johnson. "Spatiotemporal Imaging of Zinc Ions in Zebrafish Live Brain Tissue Enabled by Fluorescent Bionanoprobes." Molecules 28, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052260.

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The zebrafish is a powerful model organism to study the mechanisms governing transition metal ions within whole brain tissue. Zinc is one of the most abundant metal ions in the brain, playing a critical pathophysiological role in neurodegenerative diseases. The homeostasis of free, ionic zinc (Zn2+) is a key intersection point in many of these diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. A Zn2+ imbalance can eventuate several disturbances that may lead to the development of neurodegenerative changes. Therefore, compact, reliable approaches that allow the optical detection of Zn2+ across the whole brain would contribute to our current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie neurological disease pathology. We developed an engineered fluorescence protein-based nanoprobe that can spatially and temporally resolve Zn2+ in living zebrafish brain tissue. The self-assembled engineered fluorescence protein on gold nanoparticles was shown to be confined to defined locations within the brain tissue, enabling site specific studies, compared to fluorescent protein-based molecular tools, which diffuse throughout the brain tissue. Two-photon excitation microscopy confirmed the physical and photometrical stability of these nanoprobes in living zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain tissue, while the addition of Zn2+ quenched the nanoprobe fluorescence. Combining orthogonal sensing methods with our engineered nanoprobes will enable the study of imbalances in homeostatic Zn2+ regulation. The proposed bionanoprobe system offers a versatile platform to couple metal ion specific linkers and contribute to the understanding of neurological diseases.

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Du, Xinfeng, Niping Li, Qinghan Chen, Zeying Wu, Jingying Zhai, and Xiaojiang Xie. "Perspective on fluorescence cell imaging with ionophore-based ion-selective nano-optodes." Biomicrofluidics 16, no. 3 (May 2022): 031301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090599.

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Inorganic ions are ubiquitous in all kinds of cells with highly dynamic spatial and temporal distribution. Taking advantage of different types of fluorescent probes, fluorescence microscopic imaging and quantitative analysis of ion concentrations in cells have rapidly advanced. A family of fluorescent nanoprobes based on ionophores has emerged in recent years with the potential to establish a unique platform for the analysis of common biological ions including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, and so on. This article aims at providing a retrospect and outlook of ionophore-based ion-selective nanoprobes and the applications in cell imaging.

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Chen, Zhe, Zhuoyi Wang, Yihua Yuan, Bo Liu, Jiangbo Yu, Zhiwen Wei, and Keming Yun. "A Target-Triggered Emission Enhancement Strategy Based on a Y-Shaped DNA Fluorescent Nanoprobe with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristic for microRNA Imaging in Living Cells." Molecules 28, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052149.

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DNA self-assembled fluorescent nanoprobes have been developed for bio-imaging owing to their high resistance to enzyme degradation and great cellular uptake capacity. In this work, we designed a new Y-shaped DNA fluorescent nanoprobe (YFNP) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic for microRNA imaging in living cells. With the modification of the AIE dye, the constructed YFNP had a relatively low background fluorescence. However, the YFNP could emit a strong fluorescence due to the generation of microRNA-triggered AIE effect in the presence of target microRNA. Based on the proposed target-triggered emission enhancement strategy, microRNA-21 was detected sensitively and specifically with a detection limit of 122.8 pM. The designed YFNP showed higher bio-stability and cell uptake than the single-stranded DNA fluorescent probe, which has been successfully applied for microRNA imaging in living cells. More importantly, the microRNA-triggered dendrimer structure could be formed after the recognition of target microRNA, achieving a reliable microRNA imaging with a high spatiotemporal resolution. We expect that the proposed YFNP will become a promising candidate for bio-sensing and bio-imaging.

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15

Sokolov, Pavel, Galina Nifontova, Pavel Samokhvalov, Alexander Karaulov, Alyona Sukhanova, and Igor Nabiev. "Nontoxic Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Multiplexed Detection and 3D Imaging of Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15030946.

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Multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis of breast cancer (BC) markers and high-resolution 3D immunofluorescence imaging of the tumor and its microenvironment not only facilitate making the disease prognosis and selecting effective anticancer therapy (including photodynamic therapy), but also provides information on signaling and metabolic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and helps in the search for new therapeutic targets and drugs. The characteristics of imaging nanoprobe efficiency, such as sensitivity, target affinity, depth of tissue penetration, and photostability, are determined by the properties of their components, fluorophores and capture molecules, and by the method of their conjugation. Regarding individual nanoprobe components, fluorescent nanocrystals (NCs) are widely used for optical imaging in vitro and in vivo, and single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) are well established as highly specific capture molecules in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Moreover, the technologies of obtaining functionally active sdAb–NC conjugates with the highest possible avidity, with all sdAb molecules bound to the NC in a strictly oriented manner, provide 3D-imaging nanoprobes with strong comparative advantages. This review is aimed at highlighting the importance of an integrated approach to BC diagnosis, including the detection of biomarkers of the tumor and its microenvironment, as well as the need for their quantitative profiling and imaging of their mutual location, using advanced approaches to 3D detection in thick tissue sections. The existing approaches to 3D imaging of tumors and their microenvironment using fluorescent NCs are described, and the main comparative advantages and disadvantages of nontoxic fluorescent sdAb–NC conjugates as nanoprobes for multiplexed detection and 3D imaging of BC markers are discussed.

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16

Chen, Ying, Gege Yang, Shanshan Gao, Liangliang Zhang, Mengdi Yu, Chunxia Song, and Ying Lu. "Highly rapid and non-enzymatic detection of cholesterol based on carbon nitride quantum dots as fluorescent nanoprobes." RSC Advances 10, no. 65 (2020): 39596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07495k.

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Highly rapid and non-enzymatic method for the detection of cholesterol was constructed based on carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) as fluorescent nanoprobes. The fluorescence of CNQDs could be effectively and rapidly quenched by cholesterol.

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Zhang, Mingkai, Yang Gao, Jialiang Wang, Zhanbo Liu, Zaishun Jin, Jianbo Yu, Yukuan Feng, and Qiang Lü. "Identification on Mantle Cell Lymphoma Using CD20 and CD5 Coupled Upconversion Fluorescent Nanoprobes." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3893761.

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In order to determine a particular tumor cell via nanomaterials, we introduce the preparation of CD20 and CD5 coupled nanoprobes (denoted as CD20 and CD5 nanoprobes for convenience) and an application in identification of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) from B-cell lymphoma. In this work, CD20 and CD5 nanoprobes were prepared by selectively oxidizing the carbon-carbon double bonds of oleate ligands on the surfaces of NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ and NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles and, respectively, coupling carboxyl groups on the particles’ surfaces with CD20 and CD5 monoclonal antibodies through EDC/NHS crosslinking agents. After in situ hybridized Jeko-1 cells and Raji cells as a reference with CD20 and CD5 nanoprobes, in vitro double-color upconversion fluorescence imaging of Jeko-1 cells was demonstrated through visualization of blue and green fluorescence under a 980 nm laser excitation. Moreover, in vivo upconversion fluorescence imaging of the transplanted cancer model was also measured. These experimental results indicate that Jeko-1 cells have been specifically labeled by CD20 and CD5 nanoprobes. It is therefore concluded that CD20 and CD5 nanoprobes could be used to specially differentiate mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) from B-cell lymphoma.

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Shen, Cheng-Long, Guang-Song Zheng, Meng-Yuan Wu, Jian-Yong Wei, Qing Lou, Yang-Li Ye, Zhi-Yi Liu, Jin-Hao Zang, Lin Dong, and Chong-Xin Shan. "Chemiluminescent carbon nanodots as sensors for hydrogen peroxide and glucose." Nanophotonics 9, no. 11 (July 12, 2020): 3597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0233.

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AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important product generated in the body and related to many pathophysiological processes and glucose metabolism disorder can cause many fatal diseases in living bodies. Therefore, the sensing of H2O2 and glucose is of great significance in disease diagnostics and treatment. Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are one new class of nanoprobes for H2O2 and glucose. Nevertheless, the CD-based sensor is always based on its fluorescence response, which is influenced by the auto-fluorescent interference. Herein, efficient fluorescent CDs were synthesized by one-pot solvothermal method, and the CDs exhibit bright and persistent deep-red (DR) chemiluminescence (CL) in bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate and H2O2 solution with a CL quantum yield of (8.22 ± 0.30) × 10−3, which is amongst the highest values in ever reported nanomaterials for chemical analysis. Employing the CDs as CL nanoprobes, sensitive sensing for H2O2 has been achieved with a detection limit of 11.7 μM, and further for glucose detection with a detection limit of 12.6 μM. The DR CL CDs is promising to be applied in blood glucose analysis or in vivo biosensor.

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Zhu, Yanli, Jikai Wang, Yiyang Sun, and Qingyun Cai. "A magneto-fluorescence bacteria assay strategy based on dual colour sulfide fluorescent nanoparticles with high near-IR conversion efficiency." Analyst 145, no. 13 (2020): 4436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an00816h.

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Hu, Yufeng, Jie Liu, Junyu Li, Tao Chen, and Minghuo Wu. "Dual-functional imprinted magnetic nanoprobes for fluorescence detection of N-nitrosodiphenylamine." Analytical Methods 10, no. 20 (2018): 2384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay00584b.

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Huang, Ming, Lijun Wang, Xiaojuan Zhang, Jin Zhou, Lihua Liu, Yuefang Pan, Bin Yu, and Zhangsen Yu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Folic Acid Labeled Upconversion Fluorescent Nanoprobes for in vitro Cancer Cells Targeted Imaging." Nano 12, no. 05 (March 15, 2017): 1750057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292017500576.

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Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are widely used in the field of biomedicine, such as biosensing, cell labeling and medical multimodal imaging because of their unique optical properties. In this paper, we demonstrated the synthesis of polyethylenimine-modified NaLuF4:Yb,Er ([Formula: see text], Yb[Formula: see text], Er[Formula: see text] UCNPs in three different solvents, such as water, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. The as-prepared UCNPs were characterized and the experimental results showed that the UCNPs synthesized in ethylene glycol had excellent properties. The obtained UCNPs in ethylene glycol had the smallest particle size and uniform size distribution, and the pure cubic phase of crystallization and Dynamic light scattering and particle dispersion index (DLS/Pdi) were the smallest. What’s more, the upconversion fluorescence intensity was 7 and 52 times greater than that of UCNPs synthesized in diethylene glycol and water, respectively. In addition, the factors of reaction solvent that had an impact on the particle size, morphology, crystalline phase, DLS and upconversion fluorescence intensity of the synthesized UCNPs were discussed. Moreover, in order to obtain the targeted nanoprobe, we used an EDC/NHS covalent coupling method to modify folic acid to the NaLuF4:Yb,Er/PEI UCNP surface. The NaLuF4:Yb,Er/PEI–FA upconversion fluorescent nanoprobes had low cytotoxicity and were suitable for the application in HeLa cells targeted fluorescent imaging.

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Zhang, Ning, Yanmei Si, Zongzhao Sun, Shuai Li, Shuying Li, Yuehe Lin, and Hua Wang. "Lab-on-a-drop: biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobes of gold nanoclusters for label-free evaluation of phosphorylation-induced inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity towards the ultrasensitive detection of pesticide residues." Analyst 139, no. 18 (2014): 4620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an00855c.

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Diao, Juanjuan, Tingting Wang, and Li Li. "Graphene quantum dots as nanoprobes for fluorescent detection of propofol in emulsions." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 1 (January 2019): 181753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181753.

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We report a new fluorescent detection method for propofol based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Citric acid (CA) was selected as the carbon precursor, and fluorescent GQDs were prepared by carbonizing CA. The product, which efficiently quenched the fluorescence of GQDs, could be obtained through the oxidation of propofol in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The fluorescence intensity ratio of GQDs ( F / F 0 ) was positively correlated with the concentration of propofol, which ranged within 5.34–89.07 mg l −1 , the limit of detection was 0.5 mg l −1 and the limit of quantity was 5.34 mg l −1 . The developed fluorescence method reported in the present study is simple, sensitive, reproducible, and can serve in determining propofol contents in emulsions.

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Dunn, Bryce, Marzieh Hanafi, John Hummel, John R. Cressman, Rémi Veneziano, and Parag V. Chitnis. "NIR-II Nanoprobes: A Review of Components-Based Approaches to Next-Generation Bioimaging Probes." Bioengineering 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2023): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10080954.

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Fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging techniques offer valuable insights into cell- and tissue-level processes. However, these optical imaging modalities are limited by scattering and absorption in tissue, resulting in the low-depth penetration of imaging. Contrast-enhanced imaging in the near-infrared window improves imaging penetration by taking advantage of reduced autofluorescence and scattering effects. Current contrast agents for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging face several limitations from photostability and targeting specificity, highlighting the need for a novel imaging probe development. This review covers a broad range of near-infrared fluorescent and photoacoustic contrast agents, including organic dyes, polymers, and metallic nanostructures, focusing on their optical properties and applications in cellular and animal imaging. Similarly, we explore encapsulation and functionalization technologies toward building targeted, nanoscale imaging probes. Bioimaging applications such as angiography, tumor imaging, and the tracking of specific cell types are discussed. This review sheds light on recent advancements in fluorescent and photoacoustic nanoprobes in the near-infrared window. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers working in fields of biomedical imaging and nanotechnology, facilitating the development of innovative nanoprobes for improved diagnostic approaches in preclinical healthcare.

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25

Sun, Lu, Shuping Xie, Xiuru Ji, Jingming Zhang, Dongmei Wang, Seung Jin Lee, Hyukjin Lee, Huining He, and Victor C. Yang. "MMP-2-responsive fluorescent nanoprobes for enhanced selectivity of tumor cell uptake and imaging." Biomaterials Science 6, no. 10 (2018): 2619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8bm00593a.

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Jin, Cheng, Ting Fu, Ruowen Wang, Hui Liu, Jianmei Zou, Zilong Zhao, Mao Ye, Xiaobing Zhang, and Weihong Tan. "Fluorinated molecular beacons as functional DNA nanomolecules for cellular imaging." Chemical Science 8, no. 10 (2017): 7082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc02819a.

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Wang, Min, Ke-yan Zheng, Shao-wu Lv, Hai-feng Zou, Hong-sen Liu, Gang-lin Yan, Ai-dong Liu, and Xiao-fang Fei. "Preparation and characterization of universal Fe3O4@SiO2/CdTe nanocomposites for rapid and facile detection and separation of membrane proteins." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 7 (2018): 4981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj04484d.

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Zhang, Yupu, Xinfeng Du, and Xiaojiang Xie. "Ionophore-Based Potassium Selective Fluorescent Organosilica Nano-Optodes Containing Covalently Attached Solvatochromic Dyes." Chemosensors 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10010023.

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Fluorescent nanoprobes containing ionophores and solvatochromic dyes (SDs) were previously reported as an alternative to chromoionophore-based nano-optodes. However, the small-molecular SDs are prone to leakage and sequestration in complex samples. Here, we chemically attached the SDs to the surface of organosilica nanospheres through copper-catalyzed Click chemistry to prevent dye leakage. The nano-optodes remained well responsive to K+ even after exposure to a large amount of cation-exchange resin, which acted as a sink of the SDs. The potassium nanoprobes exhibited a dynamic range between 1 μM to 10 mM and a good selectivity thanks to valinomycin. Preliminary sensing device based on a nylon filter paper and agarose hydrogel was demonstrated. The results indicate that the covalent anchoring of SDs on nanospheres is promising for developing ionophore-based nanoprobes.

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29

Zhu, Huarui, Liang Gao, Xinglu Jiang, Ru Liu, Yueteng Wei, Yaling Wang, Yuliang Zhao, Zhifang Chai, and Xueyun Gao. "Positively charged graphene oxide nanoparticle: precisely label the plasma membrane of live cell and sensitively monitor extracellular pH in situ." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 28 (2014): 3695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc49325c.

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30

Chen, Yun, Jing Ye, Gang Lv, Weiwei Liu, Hui Jiang, Xiaohui Liu, and Xuemei Wang. "Hydrogen Peroxide and Hypochlorite Responsive Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Sensitive Cancer Cell Imaging." Biosensors 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020111.

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Accurate diagnosis of cancer cells directly affects the clinical treatment of cancer and can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of cancer patients. Cancer cells have a unique microenvironment with a large amount of peroxide inside, effectively differentiated from relevant microenvironment normal cells. Therefore, designing the high-sensitive probes to recognize and distinguish the special physiological microenvironment of cancer cells can shed light on the early diagnosis of cancers. In this article, we design and construct a fluorescence (FL) contrast agent for cancer cell recognition and imaging analysis. Firstly, luminol-gold NPs (Lum-AuNPs) have been initially built, and then successfully loaded with the fluorescent receptor Chlorin e6 (Ce6) to prepare the luminescent nanoprobes (Ce6@Lum-AuNPs) with green synthesis, i.e., with biocompatible agents and mild temperature. The as-prepared fluorescent Ce6@Lum-AuNPs can efficiently and sensitively realize FL bioimaging of cancer cells. The relevant bio-sensing mechanism pertains to the presence of hypochlorite (ClO−); hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cancer cells could readily interact with luminol to produce chemiluminescence, which can activate the Ce6 component to emit near-infrared (NIR) FL. Therefore, this raises the possibility of utilizing the Ce6@Lum-AuNPs as efficient fluorescent nanoprobes for promising cancer early diagnosis and other relevant disease bioanalysis.

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Wu, Hao, Haidong Zhao, Xiaojie Song, Shen Li, Xiaojun Ma, and Mingqian Tan. "Self-assembly-induced near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobes for effective tumor molecular imaging." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 32 (2014): 5302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00761a.

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Qi, Xiaoli, Hui Hu, Lina Liang, Yuqing Lin, Yudan Liu, Haifeng Sun та Yunxian Piao. "Fluorescence nanoprobes bearing low temperature-derived biochar nanoparticles as efficient quenchers for the detection of single-stranded DNA and 17β-estradiol and their analytical potential". RSC Advances 14, № 38 (2024): 28077–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra03168g.

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Yanagi, Tamami, Kiichi Kaminaga, Wataru Kada, Osamu Hanaizumi, and Ryuji Igarashi. "Optimization of Wide-Field ODMR Measurements Using Fluorescent Nanodiamonds to Improve Temperature Determination Accuracy." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112282.

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Fluorescent nanodiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy centers have attracted attention as nanoprobes for temperature measurements in microenvironments, potentially enabling the measurement of intracellular temperature distributions and temporal changes. However, to date, the time resolution and accuracy of the temperature determinations using fluorescent nanodiamonds have been insufficient for wide-field fluorescence imaging. Here, we describe a method for highly accurate wide-field temperature imaging using fluorescent nanodiamonds for optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements. We performed a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the optimal frequency sweep range for ODMR temperature determination. We then applied this sweep range to fluorescent nanodiamonds. As a result, the temperature determination accuracies were improved by a factor ~1.5. Our result paves the way for the contribution of quantum sensors to cell biology for understanding, for example, differentiation in multicellular systems.

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Pinkerton, Nathalie M., Céline Frongia, Valérie Lobjois, Brian K. Wilson, Matthew J. Bruzek, Robert K. Prud'homme, John Anthony, Frédéric Bolze, and Stefan Chassaing. "Red-emitting, EtTP-5-based organic nanoprobes for two-photon imaging in 3D multicellular biological models." RSC Advances 6, no. 70 (2016): 65770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09954h.

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35

Khalid, Asma, and Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic. "Emerging Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Non-Invasive Bioimaging." Molecules 29, no. 23 (November 26, 2024): 5594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235594.

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Fluorescence-based techniques have great potential in the field of bioimaging and could bring tremendous progress in microbiology and biomedicine. The most essential element in these techniques is fluorescent nanomaterials. The use of fluorescent nanoparticles as contrast agents for bioimaging is a large topic to cover. The purpose of this mini-review is to give the reader an overview of biocompatible and biodegradable fluorescent nanoparticles that are emerging nanomaterials for use in fluorescent bioimaging. In addition to the biocompatibility of these nanomaterials, biodegradability is considered a necessity for short-term sustainable bioimaging. Firstly, the main requirements for bioimaging are raised, and a few existing fluorescent nanoprobes are discussed. Secondly, a few inert biocompatible fluorescent nanomaterials for long-term bioimaging that have been, to some extent, demonstrated as fluorescent probes are reviewed. Finally, a few biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials for short-term bioimaging that are evolving for bioimaging applications are discussed. Together, these advancements signal a transformative leap toward sustainability and functionality in biomedical imaging.

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36

Karabacak, Soner, Alagappan Palaniappan, Tsang Siu Hon Tony, Teo Hang Tong Edwin, Balázs Gulyás, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, and Ümit Hakan Yildiz. "Gadolinium and Polythiophene Functionalized Polyurea Polymer Dots as Fluoro-Magnetic Nanoprobes." Nanomaterials 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12040642.

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A rapid and one-pot synthesis of poly 3-thiopheneacetic acid (PTAA) functionalized polyurea polymer dots (Pdots) using polyethyleneimine and isophorone diisocyanate is reported. The one-pot mini-emulsion polymerization technique yielded Pdots with an average diameter of ~20 nm. The size, shape, and concentration of the surface functional groups could be controlled by altering the synthesis parameters such as ultrasonication time, concentration of the surfactant, and crosslinking agent, and the types of isocyanates utilized for the synthesis. Colloidal properties of Pdots were characterized using dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. The spherical geometry of Pdots was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The Pdots were post-functionalized by 1,4,7,10 tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid for chelating gadolinium nanoparticles (Gd3+) that provide magnetic properties to the Pdots. Thus, the synthesized Pdots possess fluorescent and magnetic properties, imparted by PTAA and Gd3+, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy revealed that the synthesized dual-functional Gd3+-Pdots exhibited detectable fluorescent signals even at lower concentrations. Magnetic levitation experiments indicated that the Gd3+-Pdots could be easily manipulated via an external magnetic field. These findings illustrate that the dua- functional Gd3+-Pdots could be potentially utilized as fluorescent reporters that can be magnetically manipulated for bioimaging applications.

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37

Cingolani, Matteo, Liviana Mummolo, Francesca Lugli, Mirko Zaffagnini, and Damiano Genovese. "Protein aggregation detection with fluorescent macromolecular and nanostructured probes: challenges and opportunities." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 32 (2021): 14259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj01606g.

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38

Chen, Mian, Xiaoxiao He, Kemin Wang, Dinggeng He, Xiaohai Yang, and Hui Shi. "Inorganic fluorescent nanoprobes for cellular and subcellular imaging." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 58 (June 2014): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2014.03.003.

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Chen, Junyu, Songsong Luo, Dazhuang Xu, Yun Xue, Hongye Huang, Qing Wan, Meiying Liu, Xiaoyong Zhang, and Yen Wei. "Fabrication of AIE-active amphiphilic fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles through host–guest interaction." RSC Advances 6, no. 60 (2016): 54812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra08677b.

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Novel polymeric luminescent nanoprobes with aggregation induced emission (AIE) properties were fabricatedviahost–guest interaction between the β-CD pendant copolymers and adamantane-terminated AIE dye.

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40

Long, Shuangshuang, Qinglong Qiao, Fei Deng, Lu Miao, Juyoung Yoon, and Zhaochao Xu. "Self-assembling nanoprobes that display two-dimensional fluorescent signals for identification of surfactants and bacteria." Chemical Communications 55, no. 7 (2019): 969–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09544b.

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Payne, Christine K. "Fluorescent Dendritic Nanoprobes: A New Class of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Applications." Biophysical Journal 104, no. 7 (April 2013): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.01.053.

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42

Lettieri, Stefania, Marta d’Amora, Adalberto Camisasca, Alberto Diaspro, and Silvia Giordani. "Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (September 7, 2017): 1878–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.188.

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Multishell fullerenes, known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs), have emerged as a platform for bioimaging because of their cell-penetration properties and minimal systemic toxicity. Here, we describe the covalent functionalization of CNOs with a π-extended distyryl-substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye with on/off modulated fluorescence emission activated by an acidic environment. The switching properties are linked to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) characteristics of the dimethylamino functionalities attached to the BODIPY core. The on/off emission of the fluorescent CNOs is fast and reversible both in solution and in vitro, making this nanomaterial suitable as pH-dependent probes for diagnostic applications.

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43

Kumar, Sushil, Ganga Ram Chaudhary, Savita Chaudhary, and Ahmad Umar. "3-Mercaptopropyl Trimethoxysilane @ Gadolinium Oxide Nanoprobes: An Effective Fluorescence-Sensing Platform for Cysteine." Coatings 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111636.

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The current work aims to synthesize highly fluorescent and surface-functionalized gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3 NPs) with (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). The surface modification of Gd2O3 nanoparticles with MPTMS enhanced the stability and solubility of the nanoprobe in aqueous media. The size of the nanoprobe was controlled to 7 ± 1 nm using MPTMS coating. These valued points made the MPTMS@Gd2O3 nanoparticles as economical, highly sensitive, selective nanoprobe with a quick response time for the detection of cysteine via the simple fluorescence-based methodology. The proposed strategy has offered the reliable detection of cysteine in the concentration range of 1–100 µm with a detection limit of 42 nm. The selective sensing of cysteine in human serum has jointly acknowledged the potential prospect of developing sensors in body fluids with great accuracy.

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44

Sun, Qiang, Jun Yao, Shuxun Wei, Xinxing Li, and Weijun Wang. "The Value of Near-Infrared Multifunctional Nanoprobe Combined with Artificial Intelligence Microsensor Technology in Molecular Diagnosis for Gastric Cancer." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 20, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2024.3769.

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Since the symptoms of early gastric cancer patients are not obvious, the majority of new gastric cancer cases are progressive gastric cancer every year. In this paper, we applied nanomedicine technology to design and prepare multifunctional nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Through targeted imaging of gastric cancer, combined with phototherapy and the prepared nanoprobes are applied to the ectopic transplantation tumor model of gastric cancer. Meanwhile, a fluorescent microsensor based on graphene oxide and deoxyribonuclease is constructed in order to realize the rapid detection of gastric cancer exosomes. The near-infrared multifunctional nanoprobe is combined with artificial intelligence microsensor technology and applied to the molecular diagnosis of gastric cancer. The results shows that the P-P-I-M+ laser irradiation group has the highest fluorescence intensity and its average fluorescence intensity is 2.04 times higher than that of the P-P-I+ laser irradiation group. The relative cell viability of P-P-M+ laser irradiation group, P-P-I+ laser irradiation group and P-P-I-M+ laser irradiation group are 62.5%, 41.9% and 19.3%, respectively. Therefore, the method in this paper can reduce the non-specific toxicity to other organs as well as exert the effect of combining the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

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45

Yu, Haijun, Chao Chen, Xiaodan Cao, Yueling Liu, Shengmin Zhou, and Ping Wang. "Ratiometric fluorescent pH nanoprobes based on in situ assembling of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between fluorescent proteins." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 409, no. 21 (July 7, 2017): 5073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0453-0.

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46

Gao, Yan, Li Han, Jing Jing Liu, Xing Gao, and Wen He. "The Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes for Detection of Selenols." Key Engineering Materials 861 (September 2020): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.315.

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Selenols (R-SeH) are similar to thiols , both of them are important reducing substance. Selenocysteine (Sec) and hydrogen selenide (H2Se) are two important selenols. They play a key role in cancer research and disease treatment. Recently, fluorescent probes and nanoprobes for detecting selenols have been developed rapidly because that fluorescent methods can be applied for biological imaging of cells or in vivo. Therefore, it is very important to the detect selenols. In this paper, we summarized the fluorescent probes for detecting the selenols in recent years.

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47

Lou, Doudou, Lin Fan, Yongxin Ji, Ning Gu, and Yu Zhang. "A signal amplifying fluorescent nanoprobe and lateral flow assay for ultrasensitive detection of cardiac biomarker troponin I." Analytical Methods 11, no. 28 (2019): 3506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01039d.

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48

Qiao, Zichun, Zhaoyang Chen, Shuo Zhang, Zepeng Cui, Zhuoran Xu, Weibing Zhang, and Junhong Qian. "Naphthalimide-based fluorescent nanoprobes for the detection of saccharides." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 20 (2018): 16428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj03053g.

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Quek, Chai-Hoon, and Kam W. Leong. "Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanoprobes for in Vivo Optical Imaging." Nanomaterials 2, no. 2 (March 30, 2012): 92–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano2020092.

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50

Lim, Eun-Kyung, Jaemoon Yang, Colin P. N. Dinney, Jin-Suck Suh, Yong-Min Huh, and Seungjoo Haam. "Self-assembled fluorescent magnetic nanoprobes for multimode-biomedical imaging." Biomaterials 31, no. 35 (December 2010): 9310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.081.

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