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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Fluorescent concentrator"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Fluorescent concentrator"

A . Hussein, Ahmed, and Adnan F. Hassan. "Performance Enhancement of Luminescent Solar Concentrator by using Mixing Fluorescent Colors and Nanoparticles." Journal of Kufa-Physics 14, no. 01 (August 12, 2022): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140106.

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Liquid zinc acetate nanoparticles were added to a fluorescent organic dye (fluorescein sodium) to prepare three concentrations (2 × 10-5, 7×10-5, 1×10-4) moI/L, and the absorbance of the dye was measured before and after adding Liquid nanomaterial by using two devices (SCINCO Mega-2100 UV/visible Spectrophotometer.) as well as measuring the flux of the dye before and after adding zinc acetate nanoparticles using the (Spectrofluorometer F96 PRO). The Stoke displacement (Δη), the radiative age (τfm), the fluorescence lifetime (τf), and the quantitative efficiency (Qfm) were calculated. Absorption and fluorescence curves were drawn using the Excel program. The MATLAB program was also used to measure the area under the absorption and fluorescence spectra curves. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein sodium dye has increased compared to the intensity of fluorescence before adding the nanomaterial and thus increasing the quantitative efficiency, which in turn helps in improving the performance of the photovoltaic concentrator, resulting in an improvement in the efficiency of the solar cell.

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Sidahmed, Abrar, and Adrian Kitai. "Tandem Ce:YAG fluorescent solar concentrator." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 145 (February 2016): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.027.

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Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph, Marius Peters, Armin Bösch, Henning Helmers, Frank Dimroth, Stefan W. Glunz, and Gerhard Willeke. "Increasing the efficiency of fluorescent concentrator systems." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 93, no. 2 (February 2009): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2008.09.048.

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Swift, Paul D., and Geoff B. Smith. "Color considerations in fluorescent solar concentrator stacks." Applied Optics 42, no. 25 (September 1, 2003): 5112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.42.005112.

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Minei, Pierpaolo, Elisabetta Fanizza, Antonio M. Rodríguez, Ana B. Muñoz-García, Paola Cimino, Michele Pavone, and Andrea Pucci. "Cost-effective solar concentrators based on red fluorescent Zn(ii)–salicylaldiminato complex." RSC Advances 6, no. 21 (2016): 17474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23049g.

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Wang, Zhaoming, Li Zhang, Jingzhou Li, Guodan Wei, Yuhan Dong, and H. Y. Fu. "Fluorescent concentrator based MISO-NOMA for visible light communications." Optics Letters 47, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.449120.

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Mansour, A. F., M. H. El Gazaly, M. Gaber, and R. M. Ahmed. "Characterization of Polymer Films for Fluorescent Solar-concentrator Applications." International Journal of Polymeric Materials 54, no. 3 (January 2005): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914030390246793.

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Slooff, Lenneke H., Nicolaas J. Bakker, Paul M. Sommeling, Andreas Büchtemann, Armin Wedel, and Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark. "Long-term optical stability of fluorescent solar concentrator plates." physica status solidi (a) 211, no. 5 (February 10, 2014): 1150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201330447.

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Wang, Chen, H. Abdul-Rahman, and S. P. Rao. "Development and Testing of a Fluorescent Fiber Solar Concentrator for Remote Daylighting." Journal of Energy Engineering 136, no. 3 (September 2010): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000025.

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Mulyawan, Rahmat, Hyunchae Chun, Ariel Gomez, Sujan Rajbhandari, Grahame Faulkner, Pavlos P. Manousiadis, Dimali A. Vithanage, et al. "MIMO Visible Light Communications Using a Wide Field-of-View Fluorescent Concentrator." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 29, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2016.2647717.

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Дисертації з теми "Fluorescent concentrator"

Kaysir, Md Rejvi. "Novel luminescent solar concentrator utilizing stimulated emission." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16477.

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Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSCs) are an emerging technology that aims primarily to reduce the cost of photovoltaic (PV) power generation, with great potential for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) system. Commercial realization of these devices is mainly hampered by reabsorption loss. This work describes a novel method of reducing the reabsorption as well as improving the directional emission utilizing stimulated emission, rather than only spontaneous emission as in standard LSCs, by using a seed laser. Light from a seed laser (potentially an inexpensive laser diode) passes through the entire area of the LSC panel, modifying the emission spectrum of the photoexcited luminophores such that it is spectrally narrower, at a wavelength that minimizes reabsorption and allows a net gain in the system, and is directed towards a small PV cell, anticipated to be ~ 1 mm2. A fraction of the PV cell’s output power is fed back to the seed laser; i.e. the system acts as a closed loop system. This thesis reports the design and working principle of a stimulated-LSC (s-LSC) and the development of a mathematical model to identify important physical parameters for the practical realization. Also, a novel method to characterize the luminophores for the s-LSC system is developed using a parameter called ‘stimulated gain coefficient.' Finally, this concept has been explored with the known photostable Perylene Red (PR) dyes for the proof of principle. The experimental results are well-matched with the model except for the gain saturation with a comparatively small seed laser signal power. To investigate this gain saturation, two approaches were taken: investigating (i) spectral hole burning and (ii) triplet state absorption. None of the existing luminophores investigated show the required characteristics for the s-LSC system. However, there is a plenty of room for the innovation of luminophores to realize a practical s-LSC system.

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Barman, Dipti Narayan. "pH sensitive fluorescent sensors." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4972.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 3, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

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Parel, T. S. "Application of fluorescent and photonic concentrators to solar cells." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/375080/.

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Fluorescent solar collectors are cheap plates made generally of glass or plastic that is doped with fluorescent molecules. Fluorescence can be used to trap incident solar radiation in order to concentrate light and also to shift the radiation to wavelengths converted at higher efficiencies. This project investigates both these aspects. Solar concentration using fluorescent solar collectors is examined for different combinations of solar cells and mirrors coupled to different surfaces of fluorescent solar collectors. The effects of the fabrication method i.e. spin coating or moulding is also studied. Modelling of the fluorescence re-absorption is the key to obtain the efficiency of such systems and these models will be shown to be useful in the optimisation of certain configurations of fluorescent collectors that behave like ideal models. On comparison with experimental results these models can also be used to quantify and identify losses in configurations that suffer additional losses. Devices tested in the lab are estimated to have the potential to achieve power conversion efficiencies close to 4% while results of optimisation results indicate possible further improvements. Angular resolved measurements of the fluorescence exiting the fluorescent solar collector edge is also used to study the photon transport of light within these devices. The combination of solar concentration and wavelength shifting (to wavelengths with superior solar cell performance) has been exploited for application to cadmium telluride solar cells for the first time. The theory of operation of these devices is used to model the current output measured experimentally. Novel photonic-based structures that incorporate fluorescent molecules within one-dimensional photonic crystals has also been fabricated and characterised. It will be shown that these devices have the potential to reduce fundamental loss mechanisms found in conventional fluorescent solar collectors by suppressing and reducing emission within loss cones and tuning emission reaching the solar cells to certain wavelengths. The theory of operation of these devices will used to describe the propagation of light within the structure and explain the experimentally measured emission characteristics. The maximum theoretical efficiencies of photonic-based fluorescent solar collectors have also been derived and adapted from previous work to show the potential of such devices.

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Robinson, Scott D. "Measurement of 8-Methoxypsoralen concentration using fluorescence." Full text open access at:, 1995. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,243.

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Ibey, Bennett Luke. "Enhancement of a fluorescent sensor for monitoring glucose concentration in diabetic patients." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4991.

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The need for overnight and continuous monitoring of glucose levels in diabetic patients is profound, especially among juveniles. Implantation of a chemical assay which responds optically to changes in glucose concentration shows promise as a technology capable of continuously monitoring blood sugar with little invasion into the body. Previous fluorescent chemical assays, based on the affinity binding reaction between Concanavalin A protein and dextran, performed well but suffered from limited dermal penetration. In this work, a novel replacement for the dextran molecule (glycosylated dendrimer) was fabricated and tested to determine if it would improve the overall response of the sensing chemistry to glucose. Experiments were carried out and it was found that the assayÃ¢ÂÂs functionality was based on the controlled aggregation of the Con A protein and the modified dendrimer molecule. This new assay proved to be specific to glucose, reversible, and independent of fluorophore dye attached to the protein. This research was furthered by encapsulation of the new assay into a PEG hydrogel which showed response to glucose but, due to leeching, did not perform well under repeated exposures. A new method for encapsulation was proposed based on poration of the hydrogel to create micropores capable of holding the assay chemistry and allowing it to react to incoming glucose, while the surrounding polymer restricted leeching. Preliminary results with previous assays proved the potential of a mannitol based poration procedure, but unforeseen complications in lyophilization of the new sensor assay restricted its completion. Due to instability of Con A in solution, it was hypothesized that the immobilization of it onto the surface of an active substrate would increase its stability overtime as seen in previous works. The immobilization procedure was performed on Con A for both polystyrene spheres and gold (nanoshells and colloid). Both results showed an adequate amount of protein on the surface of the particles, but little binding activity was demonstrated. Overall, the improvements to the sensor chemistry response were notable and the potential for stabilization and enhancement of the response through the use of an active substrate is promising.

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Bura, Thomas. "Construction de nouveaux Bodipys solubles pour la concentration d'énergie et les cellules photovoltaïques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868957.

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Les travaux réalisés durant ces années de doctorat ont été axés sur la conception de fluorophores pour diverses applications en fluorescence ou dispositifs de conversion d'énergie. Ainsi, plusieurs composés de la famille des Bodipys et triazatruxène ont été synthétisés, caractérisés et étudiés. En fonction des modifications structurales apportées à ces molécules, il est possible d'obtenir un panel de composés possédant une gamme d'absorption et d'émission pouvant s'étendre de 500 à 800 nm. La modulation de ses propriétés optiques a un intérêt dans un grand nombre d'applications. Ainsi, divers Bodipys ont été synthétisés en vue d'une éventuelle application pour le marquage biologique ou bien servant de support à l'étude du transfert d'énergie intramoléculaire. Le fort pouvoir absorbant de ces composés a été mis à contribution pour la réalisation de cellules solaires organiques originales et performantes.

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Mugnier, Jacques. "Conversion de fréquence et concentration de la lumière par fluorescence." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19041.

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Etude du transfert d'energie electronique dans les bichromophores coumariniques; le donneur est lie a l'accepteur par une chaine methylenique (n = 3,4,8,12). Une etude theorique montre que le mecanisme de transfert d'energie est essentiellement du a une interaction dipole-dipole selon le mecanisme de forster

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Mugnier, Jacques. "Conversion de fréquence et concentration de la lumière par fluorescence." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608322f.

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Desgroux, Pascale. "Mesure de concentration d'espèces dans une flamme par fluorescence saturée induite par laser : une nouvelle approche." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES003.

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Almalki, Musaed Alie Othman. "Gadolinium Concentration Analysis in a Brain Phantom by X-Ray Fluorescence." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2864.

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The study was conducted to develop a technique that measures the amount of gadolinium based contrast agent accumulated in a head tumour by x-ray fluorescence, while a patient is exposed to neutrons or during external beam radiotherapy planning. In this research, measurements of the gadolinium concentration in a vessel simulating a brain tumour located inside a head phantom, by the x-ray fluorescence method were taken, where the Magnevist contrast medium which has gadolinium atom, in the tumour vessel, was excited by a 36 GBq (0.97 Ci) 241Am source that emits gamma rays of 59.54 keV, in 35.7 % of it’s decays, resulting the emission of characteristic fluorescence of gadolinium at 42.98 keV that appeared in the X-ray fluorescence spectrum. A Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) detector was used to evaluate and make an analysis of the gadolinium concentration. Determinations of the gadolinium content were obtained directly from the detector measurements of XRF from gadolinium in the exposed tumour vessel. The intensity measured by the detector was proportional to the gadolinium concentration in the tumour vessel. These concentrations of gadolinium were evaluated for dose assessment. The positioning of the head phantom was selected to be in the lateral and vertex positions for different sizes of tumour vessels. Spherical tumour vessels of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 cm and an oval tumour vessel of 2.0 cm diameter and 4.0 cm length, containing the gadolinium agent, contained concentration between 5.62 to 78.63 mg/ml. They were placed at different depths inside a head phantom at different positions in front of the detector and the source for the measurements. These depths ranged from 0.5 cm to 5.5 cm between the center of the tumour and interior wall of the head phantom surface. The total number of measurements in all four sizes of the tumour vessel was 478; 78 examinations of a 1.0 cm spherical tumour vessel, 110 examinations of a 2.0 cm spherical tumour vessel, 150 examinations of a 3.0 cm spherical tumour vessel and 140 examinations of a 2.0 x 4.0 cm ellipsoid tumour vessel. To measure the size and the shape of the tumour by the alternative radiographic method, a general x-ray machine with radiograph film was used. Based on that, the appropriate shape of concentration could be selected for therapy. The differences of optical density in the x-ray films showed that the noise was increased with low concentration of the Gd. Because radiographic film may be subjected to different chemical processes where the darkness will be affected, these measurements would be very hard to be quantitative. Accordingly it is difficult to use the film for Gd concentrations. The obtained data show that the method works very well for such measurements.

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Книги з теми "Fluorescent concentrator"

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Concentration measurements in a cold flow model annular combustor using laser induced fluorescence. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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PCR in neuroscience. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995.

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Sarkar, Gobinda. Methods in Neurosciences: Pcr in Neuroscience (Methods in Neurosciences). Academic Pr, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Fluorescent concentrator"

Heidler, Klaus, and Siegfried Kunzelmann. "Solar Wall Clock with a Fluorescent Planar Concentrator (FPC)." In Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 201–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3817-5_37.

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Heidler, Klaus. "Design Considerations for the Fluorescent Planar Concentrator / III-V Solar Cell System." In Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 943–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3817-5_168.

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Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph, Liv Prönneke, Andreas Büchtemann, Johannes Gutmann, Lorenz Steidl, Marcel Dyrba, Marie-Christin Wiegand, et al. "Fluorescent Concentrators for Photovoltaic Applications." In Photon Management in Solar Cells, 283–321. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527665662.ch11.

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Finnemore, Victor M., Donald R. Korb, Jack V. Greiner, Thomas Glonek, and John P. Herman. "Fluorescein Dye Concentration as a Factor in Tear Film Fluorescence." In Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes 2, 875–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5359-5_123.

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Das, Gobind, Francesco Gentile, Maria Laura Coluccio, G. Cojoc, Federico Mecarini, Francesco De Angelis, Patrizio Candeloro, Carlo Liberale, and Enzo Di Fabrizio. "Low Concentration Protein Detection Using Novel SERS Devices." In Optical Fluorescence Microscopy, 191–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45849-5_12.

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Viallet, P., J. M. Salmon, M. Yassine, and J. Vigo. "Videomicrofluorometry and Intracellular Ionic Concentration in Single Living Cells." In Analytical Use of Fluorescent Probes in Oncology, 221–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5845-3_22.

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Goetzberger, Adolf. "Fluorescent Solar Energy Concentrators: Principle and Present State of Development." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 277–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22864-4_12.

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Kohse-Höinghaus, K., S. Kelm, U. Meier, J. Bittner, and Th Just. "Concentration Profiles of Flame Radicals Determined by Laser-Induced Fluorescence." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 292–301. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83224-6_23.

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Hirvonen, M. "On-Belt Determination of Calcium Concentration by X-Ray Fluorescence." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 231–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3744-1_25.

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Chandra, S., and S. J. McCormack. "Plasmonic Coupling Enhanced Absorption and Fluorescence Emission in Thin Film Luminescent Solar Concentrator." In Renewable Energy and Sustainable Buildings, 149–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18488-9_11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Fluorescent concentrator"

Riaz, Amna, and Steve Collins. "A Slab Fluorescent Concentrator for Visible Light Communications." In 2019 2nd IEEE Middle East and North Africa COMMunications Conference (MENACOMM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/menacomm46666.2019.8988526.

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Besida, Olivier, Yves Piret, and Françoise Rondeaux. "Fluorescent photonic crystal fibers trapping light in a luminescent solar concentrator." In 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5124189.

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Burratti, L., E. Ciotta, E. Bolli, M. Casalboni, F. De Matteis, R. Francini, S. Casciardi, and P. Prosposito. "Synthesis of fluorescent silver nanoclusters with potential application for heavy metal ions detection in water." In 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5123568.

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Damkham, Chatchai, and Wattana Ratismith. "Fluorescent Solar Concentrator with Compound Parabolic Lens for Electricity Generating Application." In Power and Energy Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2012.768-048.

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Ul Hassan, Hafeez, Kristian Nielsen, Soren Aasmul, and Ole Bang. "Compound parabolic concentrator optical fiber tip for FRET-based fluorescent sensors." In International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS24), edited by Hypolito J. Kalinowski, José Luís Fabris, and Wojtek J. Bock. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2192508.

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Armstrong, R. L., J. G. Xie, T. E. Ruskgauer, and R. G. Pinnick. "Energy transfer lasing from dye-doped microdroplets seeded with fluorescent sol." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.tug2.

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We report observations of lasing and fluorescence emission from liquid microdroplets of fluorescein 548 dye in ethanol, seeded with submicrometer sized fluorescent sol. An incident pump laser generates droplet fluorescein lasing or fluorescene, which in turn excites either fluorescene or lasing in the sol. All emissions are at wavelengths corresponding to morphology dependent resonances (MDR's) of the droplet. Studies of the dependence of these emissions on pump laser intensity and sol concentration suggest they are driven by enhanced radiative energy transfer that occurs when fluorescein lasing or fluorescence emission couples to MDR's of the droplet microcavity. Other noteworthy findings include the absence of sol emission for larger sol and the presence of sol emission, even without any observable fluorescein emission, for smaller sol.

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Galatus, Ramona, Dorin Petreus, Daniel Moga, Tiberiu Marita, and Nicoleta Stroia. "Extending battery life time in the wireless sensor applications with fluorescent optical fiber concentrator." In 2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2018.8409560.

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Wang Chen, H. Abdul-Rahman, and S. P. Rao. "A design of Fluorescent Fiber Solar Concentrator (FFSC) and outdoor testing for remote indoor day lighting." In 5th International Conference on Responsive Manufacturing - Green Manufacturing (ICRM 2010). IET, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2010.0452.

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Goldschmidt, J. C., M. Peters, J. Gutmann, L. Steidl, R. Zentel, B. Bläsi, and M. Hermle. "Increasing fluorescent concentrator light collection efficiency by restricting the angular emission characteristic of the incorporated luminescent material: the 'Nano-Fluko' concept." In SPIE Photonics Europe, edited by Ralf B. Wehrspohn and Andreas Gombert. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.854278.

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Tarun, E. I., P. A. Vinogradov, D. A. Karabun, T. M. Halavach, and R. V. Romanovich. "ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF WHEY AND COLOSTRUM HYDROLYZATES COMPLEXES with y-CYCLODEXTRIN." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-10-14.

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The comparative study of the antioxidant activity of whey protein concentrate, native colostrum, their ultrafiltered hydrolysates, as well as complexes of ultrafiltered hydrolysates with Y-cyclodextrin was carried out. The dependences of the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein on the logarithm of the concentration of all samples were obtained, from which the IC50 values were graphically determined, which were in the range of 7,2-103,4 gg/ml. Complexes of ultrafiltrate hydrolysates with Y-cyclodextrin restored fluorescein fluorescence to 88-96 % at a sample concentration of 0,68-0,75 mg/ml.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Fluorescent concentrator"

Fernando, P. U. Ashvin Iresh, Gilbert Kosgei, Matthew Glasscott, Garrett George, Erik Alberts, and Lee Moores. Boronic acid functionalized ferrocene derivatives towards fluoride sensing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44762.

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In this technical report (TR), a robust, readily synthesized molecule with a ferrocene core appended with one or two boronic acid moieties was designed, synthesized, and used toward F- (free fluoride) detection. Through Lewis acid-base interactions, the boronic acid derivatives are capable of binding with F- in an aqueous solution via ligand exchange reaction and is specific to fluoride ion. Fluoride binding to ferrocene causes significant changes in fluorescence or electrochemical responses that can be monitored with field-portable instrumentation at concentrations below the WHO recommended limit. The F- binding interaction was further monitored via proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). In addition, fluorescent spectroscopy of the boronic acid moiety and electrochemical monitoring of the ferrocene moiety will allow detection and estimation of F- concentration precisely in a solution matrix. The current work shows lower detection limit (LOD) of ~15 μM (285 μg/L) which is below the WHO standards. Preliminary computational calculations showed the boronic acid moieties attached to the ferrocene core interacted with the fluoride ion. Also, the ionization diagrams indicate the amides and the boronic acid groups can be ionized forming strong ionic interactions with fluoride ions in addition to hydrogen bonding interactions.

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Gable, J. Fluorescence lifetime measurements of boronate derivatives to determine glucose concentration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15007221.

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Wickramaratne, Chathuri, Emily Sappington, and Hanadi Rifai. Confocal Laser Fluorescence Microscopy to Measure Oil Concentration in Produced Water: Analyzing Accuracy as a Function of Optical Settings. Journal of Young Investigators, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.34.6.39-47.

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Corriveau, Elizabeth, Ashley Mossell, Holly VerMeulen, Samuel Beal, and Jay Clausen. The effectiveness of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a quantitative tool for environmental characterization. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40263.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a rapid, low-cost analytical method with potential applications for quantitative analysis of soils for heavy metal contaminants found in military ranges. The Department of Defense (DoD), Army, and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) have mission requirements to acquire the ability to detect and identify chemicals of concern in the field. The quantitative potential of a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hand-held LIBS device and a classic laboratory bench-top LIBS system was examined by measuring heavy metals (antimony, tungsten, iron, lead, and zinc) in soils from six military ranges. To ensure the accuracy of the quantified results, we also examined the soil samples using other hand-held and bench-top analytical methods, to include Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The effects of soil heterogeneity on quantitative analysis were reviewed with hand-held and bench-top systems and compared multivariate and univariate calibration algorithms for heavy metal quantification. In addition, the influence of cold temperatures on signal intensity and resulting concentration were examined to further assess the viability of this technology in cold environments. Overall, the results indicate that additional work should be performed to enhance the ability of LIBS as a reliable quantitative analytical tool.

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Knight, R. D., and H. A. J. Russell. Quantifying the invisible: pXRF analyses of three boreholes, British Columbia and Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331176.

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Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) technology collects geochemical data at a fraction of the cost of traditional laboratory methods. Although the pXRF spectrometer provides concentrations for 41 elements, only a subset of these elements meet the criteria for definitive, quantitative, and qualitative data. However, high-quality pXRF data obtained by correct application of analytical protocols, can provide robust insight to stratigraphy and sediment characteristics that are often not observed by, for example, visual core logging, grain size analysis, and geophysical logging. We present examples of geochemical results obtained from pXRF analysis of drill core samples from three boreholes located in Canada, that demonstrate: 1) Definitive stratigraphic boundaries observed in geochemical changes obtained from 380 analyses collected over 150 m of core, which intersects three Ordovician sedimentary formations and Precambrian granite. These boundaries could not be reconciled by traditional visual core logging methods. 2) Significant elemental concentration changes observed in 120 samples collected in each of two ~120 m deep boreholes located in a confined paleo-glacial foreland basin. The collected geochemical data provide insight to sediment provenance and stratigraphic relationships that were previously unknown. 3) Abrupt changes in the geochemical signature in a subset of 135 samples collected from a 151 m deep borehole intersecting Quaternary glacial derived till, sands, and ahomogeneous silt and clay succession. These data provide a platform for discussion on ice sheet dynamics, changes in depositional setting, and changes in provenance. Results from each of these studies highlights previously unknown (invisible) geological information revealed through geochemical analyses. A significant benefit of using pXRF technology is refining sampling strategies in near real time and the ability to increase sample density at geochemical boundaries with little increase in analysis time or budget. The data also provide an opportunity to establish a chemostratigraphic framework that complements other stratigraphic correlation techniques, including geophysical methods. Overall, data collected with pXRF technology provide new insights into topics such as spatial correlations, facies changes, provenance changes, and depositional environment changes.

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Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.

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Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with select, well-studied, biologically and phylogeographically representative biotypes of B. tabaci, and (ii) to attempt to 'cure’ select biotypes of certain symbionts to permit assessment of the affect of curing on whitefly fitness, gene flow, host plant preference, and virus transmission competency.To identify the diversity of bacterial community associated with a suite of phylogeographically-diverseB. tabaci, a total of 107 populations were screened using general Bacteria primers for the 16S rRNA encoding gene in a PCR. Sequence comparisons with the available databases revealed the presence of bacteria classified in the: Proteobacteria (66%), Firmicutes (25.70%), Actinobacteria (3.7%), Chlamydiae (2.75%) and Bacteroidetes (<1%). Among previously identified bacteria, such as the primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, and the secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Wolbachia, a Rickettsia sp. was detected for the first time in this insect family. The distribution, transmission, and localization of the Rickettsia were studied using PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Rickettsia was found in all 20 Israeli B. tabaci populations screened as well as some populations screened in the Arizona laboratory, but not in all individuals within each population. FISH analysis of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults, revealed a unique concentration of Rickettsia around the gut and follicle cells as well as its random distribution in the haemolymph, but absence from the primary symbiont housing cells, the bacteriocytes. Rickettsia vertical transmission on the one hand and its partial within-population infection on the other suggest a phenotype that is advantageous under certain conditions but may be deleterious enough to prevent fixation under others.To test for the possible involvement of Wolbachia and Cardiniumin the reproductive isolation of different B. tabacibiotypes, reciprocal crosses were preformed among populations of the Cardinium-infected, Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations. The crosses results demonstrated that phylogeographically divergent B. tabaci are reproductively competent and that cytoplasmic incompatibility inducer-bacteria (Wolbachia and Cardinium) both interfered with, and/or rescued CI induced by one another, effectively facilitating bidirectional female offspring production in the latter scenario.This knowledge has implications to multitrophic interactions, gene flow, speciation, fitness, natural enemy interactions, and possibly, host preference and virus transmission. Although extensive and creative attempts undertaken in both laboratories to cure whiteflies of non-primary symbionts have failed, our finding of naturally uninfected individuals have permitted the establishment of Rickettsia-, Wolbachia- and Cardinium-freeB. tabaci lines, which are been employed to address various biological questions, including determining the role of these bacteria in whitefly host biology.

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Aly, Radi, James H. Westwood, and Carole L. Cramer. Novel Approach to Parasitic Weed Control Based on Inducible Expression of Cecropin in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586467.bard.

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Our overall goal was to engineer crop plants with enhanced resistance to Orobanche (broomrape) based on the inducible expression of sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP). A secondary objective was to localize small proteins such as SLP in the host-parasite union in order to begin characterizing the mechanism of SLP toxicity to Orobanche. We have successfully accomplished both of these objectives and have demonstrated that transgenic tobacco plants expressing SLP under control of the HMG2 promoter show enhanced resistance to O. aegyptiaca and O. ramosa . Furthermore, we have shown that proteins much larger than the SLP move into Orobanche tubercles from the host root via either symplastic or apoplastic routes. This project was initiated with the finding that enhanced resistance to Orobanche could be conferred on tobacco, potato, and tomato by expression of SLP (Sarcotoxin IA is a 40-residue peptide produced as an antibiotic by the flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina ) under the control of a low-level, root-specific promoter. To improve the level of resistance, we linked the SLP gene to the promoter from HMG2, which is strongly inducible by Orobanche as it parasitizes the host. The resulting transgenic plants express SLP and show increased resistance to Orobanche. Resistance in this case is manifested by increased growth and yield of the host in the presence of the parasite as compared to non-transgenic plants, and decreased parasite growth. The mechanism of resistance appears to operate post-attachment as the parasite tubercles attached to the transgenic root plants turned necrotic and failed to develop normally. Studies examining the movement of GFP (approximately 6X the size of SLP) produced in tobacco roots showed accumulation of green fluorescence in tubercles growing on transformed plants but not in those growing on wild-type plants. This accumulation occurs regardless of whether the GFP is targeted to the cytoplasm (translocated symplastically) or the apoplastic space (translocated in xylem). Plants expressing SLP appear normal as compared to non-transgenic plants in the absence of Orobanche, so there is no obvious unintended impact on the host plant from SLP expression. This project required the creation of several gene constructs and generation of many transformed plant lines in order to address the research questions. The specific objectives of the project were to: 1. Make gene constructs fusing Orobanche-inducible promoter sequences to either the sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP) gene or the GFP reporter gene. 2. Create transgenic plants containing gene constructs. 3. Characterize patterns of transgene expression and host-to-parasite movement of gene products in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 4. Characterize response of transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill .) to Orobanche in lab, greenhouse, and field. Objectives 1 and 2 were largely accomplished during the first year during Dr. Aly's sabbatical visit to Virginia Tech. Transforming and analyzing plants with all the constructs has taken longer than expected, so efforts have concentrated on the most important constructs. Work on objective 4 has been delayed pending the final results of analysis on tobacco and Arabidopsis transgenic plants. The implications of this work are profound, because the Orobanche spp. is an extremely destructive weed that is not controlled effectively by traditional cultural or herbicidal weed control strategies. This is the first example of engineering resistance to parasitic weeds and represents a unique mode of action for selective control of these weeds. This research highlights the possibility of using this technique for resistance to other parasitic species and demonstrates the feasibility of developing other novel strategies for engineering resistance to parasitic weeds.

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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.

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